Attachment IX Draft CAP with Appendices — Hayward City Council, January 30, 2024 (part 1 of 3)

Hayward Climate Action Plan
Draft
prepared by
City of Hayward
777 B Street
Hayward, California 94541
prepared with assistance of
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
449 15th Street, Suite 303
Oakland, California 94612
December 1, 2023

ATTACHMENT IX

Hayward CAP Executive Summary

Draft ES-1
Hayward CAP Executive Summary
Hayward is taking action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and minimize the impacts of climate change. Through the development and implementation of this Climate Action Plan (CAP), Hayward will enhance the community’s wellbeing and continue taking actions intended to limit the impacts of climate change. The following is a high-level executive summary of GHG emissions levels, projected GHG emissions levels, established emissions targets, and GHG reduction measures for Hayward to achieve the City’s adopted targets.

Hayward Current GHG Emissions Inventory
The 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory for Hayward indicates that total community GHG emissions were 684,399 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MT CO2e). Figure ES-1 shows the share of total emissions for each sector of the community.

Figure ES-1 Hayward GHG Emissions by Sector for 2019

Hayward Projected GHG Emissions Forecasts
Future Hayward GHG emissions levels are projected based on the 2019 GHG emissions, job growth, and estimated population growth trends. Enacted State policies and legislation that will take effect in the future and will reduce the expected emissions and are incorporated into the projections.

Hayward’s future emissions are projected to be 642,486 MT CO2e (or 3.84 MT CO2e/person) in 2030 and 620,134 MT CO2e (or 3.36 MT CO2e/person) in 2045. Forecasted emissions by community sector for both the 2030 and 2045 target years are shown in Figure ES-2.

Building Energy -
Electricity
2%
Building Energy -
Natural Gas
26%
On-road
Transportation
62%
Water and
Wastewater
<1%
Solid Waste
7%
Off-road Vehicles and equipment
3%
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

ES-2
Figure ES-2 Hayward Forecasted GHG Emissions by Sector for 2019, 2030, and 2045

Hayward GHG Emissions Targets
As of 2019, Hayward has reduced GHG emissions beyond the City’s 2020 GHG reduction target of 20 percent below their 2005 GHG emissions levels, thereby exceeding the State’s goal established by AB 32. In support of State and international climate goals, Hayward has adopted the following targets using the 2005 GHG inventory as the baseline:
▪ Reduce GHG emissions by 20 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 (equivalent to 1990 GHG emissions)
▪ Reduce GHG emissions by 30 percent below 2005 levels by 2025 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions by 55 percent below 2005 levels by 2030 (equivalent to 40 percent below 1990 GHG emissions)1
▪ Work with the community to develop a plan that may result in the reduction of community- based GHG emissions to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045.

In alignment with State recommendations to use efficiency metrics (MT CO2e per capita) for local targets to account for population growth, the following targets have also been developed for Hayward’s future GHG emissions in this CAP: 3.12 MT CO2e per person by 2030 and 0 MT CO2e per person by 2045. The corresponding GHG emissions target pathway over the coming decades is illustrated in Figure ES-3. Together, the measures and actions in the CAP Update provide Hayward with the GHG reductions necessary to achieve Hayward’s 2030 climate action target as shown in Table ES-1 and Figure ES-3. The 2045 GHG emissions reductions quantified for their longer-term measures are not yet enough to meet the City’s 2045 climate action target of carbon neutrality. This CAP strives to institute equitable and resilient systems and make substantial progress towards eventual carbon neutrality. Further updates to the Hayward CAP beyond 2030 will also delineate new technologies, legislation, and additional measures and actions that Hayward will implement to close the remaining gap to achieve the carbon neutrality target.

1 Hayward does not have a 1990 GHG inventory, and the targets developed by the City are instead compared to its 2005 GHG inventory baseline. In the 2006 AB 32 Scoping Plan, the recommended target for local governments to meet 1990 levels was 15 percent below “current” levels by 2020, where “current” levels were construed as baseline years between 2005-2008. -
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
2019 2030 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e )
Water/Wastewater
Electricity
Solid Waste
Natural Gas
Transportation
Hayward CAP Executive Summary

Draft ES-3
Figure ES-3 Per Capita Emissions Compared to Forecast Scenario and Target Pathway

Table ES-1 2030 and 2045 Emissions Levels Compared to Targets Target/Forecast
2030 GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e/person)
2045 GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e/person)
Business-as-usual Forecast 4.47 4.36
Adjusted Forecast 3.84 3.36
Reductions from Full Implementation of Measures 0.73 2.36 GHG Emissions after Measure Reductions 3.11 1.01
Climate Action Targets 3.12 0.00
Target Anticipated to be Met? Yes Substantial progress demonstrated Hayward CAP Measures to be Implemented by 2030
Through full implementation of the suite of measures included in this CAP, Hayward will achieve its 2030 target of 3.12 MT CO2e per person. In addition to new technologies and State legislation, new measures will likely be required as part of future CAP updates to attain the longer-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2045. Each measure is supported by a set of actions that will help to achieve the full benefits of that measure. The measures and actions are supported by substantial evidence and have been designed using principles called key pillars that support changes that are robust, effective, and inclusive. Key pillars include structural change, feasibility studies, funding, equity, education, and partnerships. The measures and actions have been reviewed and co-developed by the community throughout the CAP process (Table ES-2).

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

ES-4
Table ES-2 CAP GHG Emissions Reduction Measures Overview No. Measure
MT CO2e
Reduction
BE-1 Continue the all-electric requirement for new residential construction. Adopt an all- electric requirement for new non-residential construction to take effect by 2026. 2030: 5,392
2045: 18,761
BE-2 Electrify existing single-family residential buildings in order to achieve 100 therms/person/year by 2030 and 0 therms/person in 2045. 2030: 13,872
2045: 68,020
BE-3 Decarbonize existing commercial and multi-family buildings in order to achieve 53 therms per service person in 2030 and 0 therms per service person in 2045. 2030: 20,667
2045:114,200
BE-4 Support Ava Community Energy in providing 100% carbon-free electricity by 2030. 2030: 4,802 2045: 0
BE-5 Continue to promote energy efficiency improvement, in alignment with the 2014 Climate Action Plan.

Supportive
BE-6 Generate carbon-neutral electricity on City facilities meeting 80% of the municipal operational electricity needs by 2030.

Supportive
T-1 Increase active transportation mode share to 15% by 2030 and to 20% by 2045. 2030: 6,485 2045: 8,755
T-2 Implement public and shared transit programs to increase mode shift to public and shared transit mode to 15% by 2030 and 30% by 2045.
2030: 7,585
2045: 25,092
T-3 Develop disincentives for driving single passenger vehicles to support the bicycle/pedestrian and public transit mode share goals of Measures T-1 and T-2.

Supportive
T-4 Increase passenger zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 15% by 2030 and 50% by 2045.
2030: 16,014
2045: 88,718
T-5 Increase zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption by businesses to 10% by 2030 and 80% by 2045.
2030: 3,161
2045: 37,461
T-6 Transition 15% of off-road equipment to zero-emission by 2030 and 80% by 2045. 2030: 4,312 2045: 22,542
T-7 Increase municipal passenger zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 75% by 2030 and 100% by 2045 and decarbonize emergency and heavy-duty vehicles as feasible.

Supportive
SW-1 Implement and enforce SB 1383 requirements to reduce community-wide landfilled organics by 75% by 2025 and 90% by 2045.
2030: 35,925
2045: 47,101
SW-2 Increase communitywide overall landfill diversion of waste to 75% by 2030 and 85% by 2045.

Supportive
WW-1 Reduce water consumption by 15% by 2030 and maintain it through 2045. 2030: 35 2045: 0
CS-1 Increase carbon sequestration by planting and maintaining 1,000 new trees annually through 2030 to sequester carbon and create urban shade to reduce heat island effect. 2030: 212
2045: 743
CS-2 Increase carbon sequestration by applying 0.08 tons of compost per capita annually in the community through 2030 and 2045.
2030: 3,081
2045: 3,392
Total GHG Emissions Reduction 2030: 121,543
2045: 434,784
Total GHG Emissions Reductions – per capita (MT CO2e/person) 2030: 0.73 2045: 2.36
Percent Reductions from 1990 Baseline Levels – Per Capita 2030: 46% 2045: 81%
* Measures and actions marked as “supportive” may also be quantifiable and have substantial evidence to support their overall contribution to GHG reduction, but they are not quantified for one of several factors. Refer to Section 6 for more information.

Table of Contents

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Table of Contents
Hayward CAP Executive Summary..................................................................................................... ES-1 1 Public Review and Adoption ........................................................................................................... 1 2 Vision and Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Hayward CAP Update Vision Statement ............................................................................. 2

2.2 Hayward Climate Emergency Declaration .......................................................................... 4 3 Scientific Context and Impacts ....................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Climate Change Science ...................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Climate Change Impacts ..................................................................................................... 9 4 Climate Action History ..................................................................................................................11

4.1 Progress to Date ................................................................................................................11 5 Current and Projected GHG Emissions .........................................................................................14

5.1 Hayward GHG Emissions Inventory ..................................................................................14

5.2 Hayward GHG Emissions Forecasts ...................................................................................17

5.3 International and State Context and Timeline/ Emissions Targets ..................................22

5.4 Hayward Context and Timeline/Emissions Targets ..........................................................23 6 Equity and Outreach .....................................................................................................................26

6.1 Climate Equity ...................................................................................................................26

6.2 Equitable Engagement Approach .....................................................................................26

6.3 Equitable Climate Action Planning ....................................................................................32

6.4 Hayward Equity Guardrails ...............................................................................................32 7 GHG Reduction Measures Framework .........................................................................................34

7.1 Structure of GHG Reduction Measures .............................................................................34

7.2 Type of GHG Reduction Measures ....................................................................................34

7.3 CAP Measures Cost Ranges ...............................................................................................35

7.4 Key Pillars of GHG Reduction Measures ...........................................................................36

7.5 Co-Benefits of GHG Reduction Measures .........................................................................37 8 Building Energy Sector Measures .................................................................................................38

8.1 Context ..............................................................................................................................38

8.2 Measures and Actions Detail ............................................................................................39 9 Transportation Sector Measures ..................................................................................................48

9.1 Context ..............................................................................................................................48

9.2 Measures and Actions Detail ............................................................................................49 10 Solid Waste Sector Measures .......................................................................................................59

10.1 Context ..............................................................................................................................59

10.2 Measures and Actions Detail ............................................................................................60 City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

ii
11 Water and Wastewater Measures ................................................................................................64

11.1 Context ..............................................................................................................................64

11.2 Measures and Actions Detail ............................................................................................64 12 Carbon Sequestration Measures ..................................................................................................66

12.1 Context ..............................................................................................................................66

12.2 Measures and Actions Detail ............................................................................................66 13 CAP Implementation .....................................................................................................................70

13.1 Tracking, Monitoring, and Reporting ................................................................................70

13.2 Funding Considerations ....................................................................................................96

13.3 Looking Forward ...............................................................................................................97 14 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................98 15 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................99 Tables
Table ES-1 2030 and 2045 Emissions Levels Compared to Targets ..................................................... 3 Table ES-2 CAP GHG Emissions Reduction Measures Overview .......................................................... 4 Table 1 CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) Criteria Addressed in CAP ....................................... 3 Table 2 Hayward 2019 GHG Emissions Inventory Summary .........................................................16 Table 4 BAU Emissions Forecast (MT CO2e) ..................................................................................18 Table 5 Adjusted Forecast (MT CO2e) ...........................................................................................20 Table 6 Per Capita GHG Reduction Target Pathway (MT CO2e/person) .......................................23 Table 7 Targets Versus GHG Reductions .......................................................................................25 Table 8 CAP Engagement Summary ..............................................................................................28 Table 9 Hayward Equity Guardrails ...............................................................................................32 Table 10 Cost Categories .................................................................................................................35 Table 11 Measure BE-1 Actions.......................................................................................................39 Table 12 Measure BE-2 Actions.......................................................................................................40 Table 13 Measure BE-3 Actions.......................................................................................................42 Table 14 Measure BE-4 Actions.......................................................................................................44 Table 15 Measure BE-5 Actions.......................................................................................................45 Table 16 Measure BE-6 Actions.......................................................................................................46 Table 17 Measure T-1 Actions .........................................................................................................49 Table 18 Measure T-2 Actions .........................................................................................................51 Table 19 Measure T-3 Actions .........................................................................................................52 Table 20 Measure T-4 Actions .........................................................................................................55 Table 21 Measure T-5 Actions .........................................................................................................56 Table 22 Measure T-6 Actions .........................................................................................................57 Table 23 Measure T-7 Actions .........................................................................................................58 Table 24 Measure SW-1 Actions .....................................................................................................60 Table of Contents

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Table 25 Measure SW-2 Actions .....................................................................................................62 Table 26 Measure WW-1 Actions....................................................................................................64 Table 27 Measure CS-1 Actions .......................................................................................................66 Table 28 Measure CS-2 Actions .......................................................................................................68 Table 29 CAP Update Implementation and Monitoring .................................................................71 Figures
Figure ES-1 Hayward GHG Emissions by Sector for 2019 ................................................................... 1 Figure ES-2 Hayward Forecasted GHG Emissions by Sector for 2019, 2030, and 2045 ..................... 2 Figure ES-3 Per Capita Emissions Compared to Forecast Scenario and Target Pathway ................... 3 Figure 1 Hayward Climate Change Exposure and Impacts ..........................................................10 Figure 3 Hayward Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 2019 ..................................................15 Figure 4 Baseline Emissions per Capita Compared to Forecast Scenarios and Target Pathway to Carbon Neutrality .......................................................................................24 Figure 5 Emissions Reduction Gap Between Forecasted Emissions and State Targets ..............25 Appendices
Appendix A Climate Regulatory Context
Appendix B GHG Inventory Methodology and Modeling
Appendix C GHG Emissions Forecasts and Gap Analysis
Appendix D GHG Reduction Measures Quantification and Evidence Appendix E GHG Reduction Measures Cost Ranges

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

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Public Review and Adoption

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1 Public Review and Adoption
This Hayward Draft CAP was published for public review and comment on October 5, 2023. It will be available for public review for a 40-day period until November 14, 2023.

The Final CAP, in conjunction with the CEQA review document for the CAP, is anticipated to be adopted during the Hayward City Council Meeting on January 9, 2024.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

2 2 Vision and Purpose

2.1 Hayward CAP Update Vision Statement
Vision
The City of Hayward is focused on creating a more
sustainable, equitable and healthy community while
maintaining a strong economy, building resilient
homes and businesses, and reducing greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change. Climate
change poses a challenge to that vision and the
effects of climate change are already impacting
Hayward and other California communities.

Climate change impacts are projected to worsen
through the century if there is not a concerted global
effort to address the root cause of climate change
through reducing the release of GHG emissions.

Hayward understands the need for ambitious climate
action through GHG emissions reduction. On January
15, 2019, the city passed Resolution No. 19-007,
declaring a climate emergency. This resolution calls
for an emergency mobilization effort to stop the
burning of fossil fuels and release of GHG emissions
as soon as possible while educating and engaging
residents and businesses about climate change. This
Climate Action Plan (CAP) supports that resolution
and builds on the progress achieved in Hayward’s
2014 CAP by providing an updated blueprint for
reducing GHG emissions, increasing equitable
community resilience, and supporting state and
global climate goals through achieving the City’s 2030
and 2045 climate action targets.

By achieving carbon neutrality, Hayward will contribute its fair share to address the climate crisis and support international climate goals, limiting global temperature rise. This target is consistent with the United Nations International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) analysis on what is necessary to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic global climate change.

Purpose
Climate Action
This CAP is intended to set forth new measures and actions to build upon the GHG emissions reductions that have been achieved in recent years. The CAP will guide Hayward towards reducing GHG emissions 55 percent below 2005 per capita levels by 2030, which is consistent with the California 2030 target of 40 percent below 1990 per capita levels, established by California Senate

Vision and Purpose

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Bill (SB) 32. This CAP will also put the City on a trajectory to meet the State goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045, established by California Assembly Bill (AB) 1279. See Appendix A for a written description and a timeline of relevant climate action planning regulations.

CEQA GHG Emissions Analysis Streamlining
This CAP fulfills the requirements of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) to be considered a “qualified” GHG reduction plan.2 In compliance with CEQA and State CEQA Guidelines, local agencies must evaluate the environmental impacts of new development projects or plans, including impacts related to GHG emissions associated with the construction and operation of projects or plans. This process can be cumbersome for local agencies and developers alike and can result in project delays. The CEQA Guidelines provide an option for new projects to streamline the CEQA analysis of GHG emissions by tiering from a qualified GHG reduction plan.

This CAP and its associated CEQA environmental assessment documentation are consistent with the criteria set forth in CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) as summarized in Table 1. As such, this CAP is considered a qualified GHG reduction plan.

Table 1 CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) Criteria Addressed in CAP CEQA Criteria
CAP Chapter Addressing
Criteria

1. Quantify existing and projected GHG emissions within the plan area Chapter 4

2. Establish a reduction target consistent with State targets Chapter 4

3. Identify and analyze sector specific GHG emissions from specific actions or categories of actions anticipated within the geographic area
Chapter 4
Appendix B

4. Specify measures and actions that substantial evidence demonstrates would collectively achieve the specified reduction target
Chapters 7, 8,9,10,11

5. Establish a mechanism to monitor progress and amend the plan if it is not achieving specified emissions levels
Chapter 12

6. Adopt in a public process following environmental review See associated CEQA environmental assessment
documentation
If future projects are consistent with this CAP, future CEQA GHG emissions impact analyses can be streamlined according to the City’s direction.

2 Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR), “General Plan Guidelines - Chapter 8: Climate Change,” Available:
https://opr.ca.gov/docs/OPR_C8_final.pdf..

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

4 2.2 Hayward Climate Emergency Declaration
Acknowledging the pressing and life-threatening nature of climate change, the City of Hayward officially proclaimed a climate crisis through the adoption of Resolution No. 19-007 on January 15th, 2019. Alongside calling for an emergency mobilization effort to cease GHG emissions at the local level, the resolution appeals to the State of California, the United States, and all global governments to launch urgent mobilization campaigns aimed at mitigating climate change, halting the rise of GHG emissions, and safely reducing atmospheric carbon levels.

As part of the resolution the City of Hayward committed to keeping equity central to the climate mobilization planning process by encouraging inclusive community engagement and diverse participation. The development process for this CAP and the measures are aligned with this mission.

Please refer to Section 5 for more detail about the planning process and how public input was incorporated into this CAP.

Scientific Context and Impacts

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3 Scientific Context and Impacts

3.1 Climate Change Science
The Greenhouse Gas Effect and Climate Change
Earth’s climate is largely driven by energy that comes from the sun. When solar radiation reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, some of it is reflected into space and a portion is absorbed by the Earth’s surface. As the Earth absorbs solar radiation, its surface heats up and re-radiates heat back out into the atmosphere.
3 While some of the heat escapes past the atmosphere into space, gases in the atmosphere prevent the loss of some of the heat. The gases trapping the heat are known as greenhouse gases (GHG).4 Without some GHGs in the atmosphere, the Earth would not be warm enough to sustain life as we know it. This heat trapping quality of gases in Earth’s atmosphere is known as the greenhouse effect. Increased levels of specific GHGs in the atmosphere means that less heat escapes to space. More heat trapped in the atmosphere leads to much hotter than average temperatures also known as global warming, which in turn contributes to more intense storms, drought, extreme heat events, and sea level rise. 5 These effects are considered climate change.

Human-caused climate change is well understood and widely accepted by the scientific community, with over 97 percent of climate scientists agreeing that the planet is warming and human activities are the root cause.6 Human activities have raised the levels of GHGs in the atmosphere from 280 parts per million to over 410 parts per million in the last 150 years.7 Although many changes to climate are governed by natural processes, human activities have added GHGs to the atmosphere at a rate that is unprecedented in Earth’s history, leading to CO2 levels that are now higher than they have been any time in the past 800,000 years.8
Globally, climate change is already impacting both human and natural systems. Scientists have measured shrinking ice sheets, warming, and acidifying oceans, increasing global temperatures, less snow cover, sea level rise, and species extinction. The potential consequences of these climate change related impacts include the flooding of low-lying areas, reduction of fresh-water supply, adverse changes to biological resources and public health, as well as many other adverse environmental consequences.9

3 NASA. “The Causes of Climate Change,” Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Available: https://climate.nasa.gov/causes. 4 UCAR. “The Greenhouse Effect | Center for Science Education,” Available: https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climate- works/greenhouse-effect.
5 IPCC. “Summary for Policymakers — Global Warming of 1.5 oC. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/. 6 NASA. “Scientific Consensus: Earth’s Climate Is Warming,” Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Available:
https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus.
7 J. Blunden and T. Boyer, “State of the Climate in 2020,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102, no. 8. 2021. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1175/2021BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
8 Ibid.
9 IPCC. “Impacts of 1.5°C of Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems,” Assessment Report 5. 2018. Available:
https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-3/
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

6 Source: National Resources Defense Council, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/greenhouse-effect-101

Scientific Context and Impacts

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Globally, a warming trend is abundantly clear, with nineteen of the hottest years on record occurring since 2000.10 The year 2020 tied with 2016 for the hottest year on record since record- keeping began in 1880, and these trends are consistent across numerous monitoring agencies and data sets.11 NASA recorded July 2023 as the hottest month on record since 1880. 12 Though climate change is a global phenomenon it has the potential to impact facets of society on the local level including health outcomes, natural resource access, infrastructure, emergency response, tourism, and frequency of disasters. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections show that a reduction in GHG emission to carbon neutrality by mid-century is required to limit warming trends to 1.5 degrees Celsius and avoid the worst impacts of climate change.13 In order to do this, action must be taken at all levels of society to reduce emissions of GHGs.

Source: Climate Central, https://www.climatecentral.org/graphic/summer-heat-pushes-2023-temperatures-near- record?graphicSet=2023+Global+Temperatures+Near+Hottest+on+Record

10 NASA-GISS. “Land-Ocean Temperature Index (C): Global Mean Estimates Based on Land and Ocean Data”. Available:
https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/graph_data/Global_Mean_Estimates_based_on_Land_and_Ocean_Data/graph.txt. 11 NASA. “Global Surface Temperature | NASA Global Climate Change,” Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Available:
https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature.

Climatic Research Unit (CRU). “Land Surface Air Temperature Variations Across the Globe Updated to 2019: The CRUTEM5 Data Set,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 2. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032352 Accessed:
12 https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-clocks-july-2023-as-hottest-month-on-record-ever-since-1880/ 13 IPCC. “Summary for Policymakers — Global Warming of 1.5 oC”. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

8 Types of GHG Emissions
The IPCC lists the following GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride, which are collectively called fluorinated gases.14 Almost all the GHGs emitted in the United States each year consist of CO2, CH4, and N2O, while fluorinated gases make up the remaining emissions15. Because CO2, CH4, and N2O comprise a large majority of GHG emissions at the community level, these are the gases considered in this analysis.

Each GHG has a different propensity for trapping heat in the atmosphere, known as its global warming potential (GWP). GHGs also last for different periods of time in the atmosphere, ranging from a decade to several thousand years. Because all the GHGs have different characteristics, a standard unit is needed to compare the potential impact of different GHGs and allow them to be added up in an analysis. This is achieved by converting all GHGs into the standard unit known as a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), based on the amount of heat one metric ton (MT) of CO2 traps in the atmosphere. GWP for each GHG was drawn from the IPCC fifth Assessment Report16, which represents the best available scientific consensus and is consistent with the methodology outlined in the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Scoping Plan. Since CO2 is used as the reference point for trapping heat, CO2 has a GWP of 1. Methane has a GWP of 28, meaning that each metric ton (MT) of methane causes 28 times more warming than 1 MT of CO2. Nitrous oxide has a GWP of 265, meaning 265 times the GWP of 1 MT of CO2.17
Sources of GHG Emissions
The combustion of fossil fuels is the primary source of GHG emissions, decomposition of waste, and land use change are also major contributors. It can be helpful to understand how different sectors contribute to total emissions. The top sources of GHGs Statewide are transportation (37 percent), industrial processes (20 percent), and electric power (16 percent). The magnitude of total California GHG emissions is due in part to its large size and large population compared to other states.

However, a factor that reduces California per capita fuel use and GHG emissions as compared to other states is its relatively mild climate. 18
The main sources of GHG emissions in Hayward are from transportation, buildings, and waste.

Transportation emissions are generated by fuels used to power cars, trucks, public transit, and off- road vehicles. Building emissions are associated with electricity and natural gas used by commercial, residential, and municipal buildings. Waste from residential, commercial, and municipal sources

14 Note: Fluorinated gases, which includes four main types: hydrofluorocarbons 8. (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), are man-made gases that can stay in the atmosphere for centuries and contribute to the GHG effect.

Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. “Main Greenhouse Gases”. 2021. Available: https://www.c2es.org/content/main-greenhouse- gases/. Accessed December 2021
15 Note: Ninety-seven percent of the annual GHG emissions consist of CO2, CH4, and N2O and fluorinated gases make up the remaining three percent of GHG emissions. US EPA. “Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks”. 2021. Available:
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks. Accessed: December 2021; World Resources Institute. “4 Charts Explain Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Countries and Sectors”. 2021. Available: https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts- explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors. 16 IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf.

Accessed December 2021; and California Air Resources Board (CARB). “California’s 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan”. Available:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32-climate-change-scoping-plan/2022-scoping-plan-documents.. 17 IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf. 18 U.S. EPA. 2023. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2021. Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-04/US-GHG-Inventory-2023-Main-Text.pdf Scientific Context and Impacts

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generates methane emissions as material (especially organics like food scraps and yard waste) decomposes in the landfill.

Opportunities to Reduce GHG Emissions
Cities play a crucial role in reducing GHG emissions in California. The policies and initiatives implemented by local governments have the capability to influence activities that can affect high- emissions behaviors, mitigate the consequences of climate change, and equip the community to better withstand its effects. Cities hold the potential to drive climate action and emission reduction through strategic land use planning, the revision of building codes and standards, and developing partnerships between public and private entities that promote shifts in behavior. They can enact various measures to decrease emissions, including enhancing building regulations to curtail energy consumption, offering incentives for alternative transportation methods to reduce fuel usage, broadening options for diverting waste and utilizing renewable energy sources, as well as educating residents about their roles as both citizens and consumers.

3.2 Climate Change Impacts
Climate change already has impacted and will continue to impact the Hayward community, including its residents, businesses, and visitors. In the past few years, Hayward has experienced severe droughts, poor air quality from regional wildfire smoke, local flooding from extreme precipitation events, extreme heat events, and rising sea levels. As the climate continues to change, many climate hazards may become more frequent and intense. In 2016, the California legislature adopted Senate Bill (SB) 1000 requiring local jurisdictions to review and update Safety Elements of the General Plan to address and update hazards related to flooding, fires and to include climate adaptation and resilience strategies. The Hayward General Plan includes a Hazards Element that addresses State requirements for a Safety Element. As such, in support of the update to the Hayward General Plan Hazards Element, the City prepared a climate change vulnerability assessment to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on community assets and populations. The climate change vulnerability assessment describes the community’s vulnerabilities to climate change and provides a foundation to develop strategies to increase community resilience.

A summary of climate exposures and potential impacts within Hayward as identified in the Hayward Hazards Element is summarized in Figure 1.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

10 Figure 1 Hayward Climate Change Exposure and Impacts

Climate Action History

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4 Climate Action History

4.1 Progress to Date
The City of Hayward has conducted a GHG emissions inventory of communitywide GHG emissions for 2005, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019. In addition to these inventories, the City adopted its first CAP in 2009 and updated the CAP in 2014 and incorporated it in the City’s General Plan. See Appendix B for more information about the data used and how GHG emissions were calculated for Hayward’s 2019 GHG emissions inventory. Figure 2 shows some of the major milestones from recent history in Hayward’s climate actions.

Trends from Hayward GHG Emissions Inventories
In the 2014 CAP, the City of Hayward set a target to reduce GHG emissions 20 percent below 2005 baseline levels by 2020. The City achieved this goal in large part to the community’s enrollment in the Ava Community Energy’s19 Brilliant 100 electricity product, which provided 100 percent carbon free electricity. Community emissions are driven by both residential and commercial activity occurring within Hayward. Thus, changes in population and jobs in the City can result in increases or decreases in community emissions. For example, Hayward has experienced an estimated 11 percent increase in population, 8 percent increase in jobs, and a 6 percent increase in housing units since 2010. During this growth the City’s climate actions and other systemic changes resulted in an overall 30 percent decrease in emissions compared to 2005 and 22 percent decrease in emissions compared to 2010. However, there is an additional opportunity for continued progress.

19 Beginning in October 2023, East Bay Community Energy (EBCE) began transitioning to Ava Community Energy.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

12 Figure 2 Milestones in Hayward’s Climate Action History

Climate Action History

Draft 13
Climate Action Leadership
The City of Hayward stands out as a notable leader in climate action in California and the nation. In 2022, the City was recognized as one of 122 local governments worldwide on the 2022 CDP Cities A List for its leadership in environmental action. This makes the fourth time in five years that Hayward has received this recognition.20 Achievements have been made possible through the diligent efforts of the City’s Environmental Services Division, Council Sustainability Committee, and other key City departments.

Environmental Services Division
The Environmental Services Division leads Hayward’s sustainability, climate action, and climate adaptation efforts. The team implements the City’s Climate Action Plan and provides staff support to the Council Sustainability Committee. The team also provides solid waste and recycling services and programs to minimize stormwater pollution. The team focuses on implementing various climate action programs around solar and energy efficiency, composting, electric vehicles, and building electrification.

City Council Sustainability Committee
The Hayward Council Sustainability Committee, as established by the City Council in 2007, provides expertise and guidance on policy areas related to the City’s ongoing climate action planning efforts.

The Council Sustainability Committee provides policy recommendations related to renewable energy, energy efficiency and conservation, green buildings, and other efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change on the local level. The Council Sustainability Committee meets bi-monthly to discuss policy issues related to Hayward’s sustainability goals and provide critical input during the CAP Update.

Future Progress
The measures and actions in this CAP provide Hayward with the GHG reductions necessary to achieve the City’s 2030 climate action target. However, the City’s climate action target of carbon neutrality by 2045 requires significant reductions in emissions that depend on critical changes to the technology, legislation, and systems currently in place.

As these measures and actions are put into effect, the City will acquire increased insights, novel technologies will be explored, and ongoing pilot projects and programs will grow to the size needed to reach carbon neutrality. Additionally, it is anticipated that state-level regulations will be revised, and added assistance will be extended in the future to aid in achieving carbon neutrality. The City has established a future CAP update schedule, as described in Section 13. Future CAP updates beyond 2030 will outline new measures and actions that Hayward will implement to close the remaining gap to achieve the target of carbon neutrality by 2045.

20 City of Hayward. 2022. Hayward Earns Fourth Recognition for Environmental Leadership Among Cities Worldwide. https://www.hayward-ca.gov/discover/news/nov22/hayward-earns-fourth-recognition-environmental-leadership-among-cities- worldwide
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

14 5 Current and Projected GHG Emissions

5.1 Hayward GHG Emissions Inventory
Community GHG inventories measure the GHG emissions generated by residents and businesses operating in the community, as well as municipal operations. The process of creating a GHG inventory includes first identifying activities that are major sources of emissions and collecting summary data on those activities for a calendar year. Then, the City uses science-based GHG emissions factors to convert the collected activity data into GHG emissions produced. Inventories measure GHG emissions in units of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, or MT CO2e.

GHG Inventory Protocols
Emissions estimates were calculated using the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) methodologies, specifically, the United States Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions Version 1.2 (Community Protocol) is used for communitywide emission. The Community Protocol is an authoritative guide for best practices in calculating community-scale GHG inventories. The protocol separates a city’s GHG-generating activities into categories known as emissions sectors. Large emissions sectors for cities include the transportation sector (such as combustion emissions from cars and other vehicles operating within the city), the building sector (including emissions from electricity and natural gas usage), and the waste sector (capturing emissions from sending solid waste to the landfill).

Not all activities within a city that generate GHGs are included in a GHG emissions inventory.

Activities that cannot be controlled or influenced by city policies are generally excluded as they have little bearing on city planning. For example, emissions from cars traveling through a city, whose origins and destinations are both outside of city limits, are typically excluded because a local government cannot reasonably influence this pass-through travel activity.21

21 The Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC) established under SB 375 recommends the following accounting of various trip types for VMT purposes23: Include 100% of internal-internal (I-I) trips Exclude external-external (X-X) trips Count 50% of internal-external (I-X) and external-internal (X-I) trips. Recommendations of the Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC) Pursuant to Senate Bill 375.

September 2009. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/sb375/rtac/report/092909/finalreport.pdf Current and Projected GHG Emissions

Draft 15
Current Inventory
The CAP Update includes a 2019 inventory of GHG emissions from Hayward’s communitywide activities. The inventory includes sources that are within some degree of the City of Hayward’s jurisdictional control, in accordance with established GHG accounting protocols and State guidance.

In 2019, Hayward’s GHG emissions totaled 684,399 MT CO2e. This represents a 22 percent decrease in emissions compared to 2010 emissions levels (882,196 MT CO2e) and a 30 percent reduction in emissions relative to 2005 emissions levels (973,244 MT CO2e).

As shown in Figure 3 and Table 2, in 2019 GHG emissions from transportation made up the largest sector (422,717 MT CO2e, or 62 percent of total emissions). The second largest source was building energy use from electricity and natural gas consumption (189,116 MT CO2e, or 28 percent of total emissions). 54 percent of building energy emissions were attributed to the residential sector while 46 percent were attributed to the commercial/industrial sector. The remaining community emissions were from solid waste (46,187 MT CO2e, 7 percent of emissions), and water and wastewater (2,092 MT CO2e, 0.3 percent of emissions).

Figure 3 Hayward Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 2019

16 Table 2 Hayward 2019 GHG Emissions Inventory Summary GHG Emissions Sector/Source CO2e (MT) % of Total Emissions Transportation
Passenger On-Road Transportation 298,256 44%
Commercial On-Road Transportation 111,329 16%
Buses On-Road Transportation 8,277 1%
BART 547 0.1%
AC Transit 4,308 1%
Off Road - Diesel 14,661 2%
Off Road - Gasoline 4,940 1%
Off Road - Natural Gas (LPG) 4,687 1%
Electricity
Residential Electricity – PG&E 1,144 0.2%
Residential Electricity – Ava Community Energy 5,182 1% Commercial/Industrial Electricity – PG&E 3,032 0.4%
Commercial/Industrial Electricity - Ava Community Energy 3,108 0.5% Natural Gas
Residential Natural Gas 95,291 14%
Commercial/Industrial Natural Gas 81,358 12%
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater - Direct 1,702 0.2%
Wastewater – Indirect 380 0.1%
Water - Indirect 10 0.001%
Solid Waste
Solid Waste Generated/Disposal 46,187 7%
CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent; PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric Current and Projected GHG Emissions

Draft 17

5.2 Hayward GHG Emissions Forecasts
GHG emissions forecasts provide an estimate of Hayward’s GHG emissions in the future. Forecasting helps to track trends and progress for Hayward and allows the City to see how much it needs to reduce communitywide emissions in order to meet its future GHG emissions reduction targets. GHG emissions forecasts for Hayward were developed using the 2019 inventory for 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040 and 2045.

The City developed two forecasts to contextualize how emissions will change and better understand the reduction actions that Hayward must take. The first forecast is a business-as-usual (BAU) forecast, which is developed using the 2019 inventory and projected changes in population and job growth in the City. The second is an adjusted forecast that accounts for State regulations that require the reduction of future GHG emissions within the State.

Business-as-Usual Forecast
The BAU forecast assumes that emission factors and activity remain constant over time. Under this assumption, population, and job growth are the main drivers for GHG generating activities. The BAU forecast provides a basis of comparison by assuming there are no changes to technology, behaviors, or legislation, and population and job growth trends continue as projected. Another forecast that accounts for the impacts from state regulations is discussed in the sections below.

To develop a GHG emissions forecast, growth metrics (e.g., population, housing, and employment projections) are multiplied by BAU growth indicators, which represent a baseline metric developed from the GHG emissions inventory (Table 3). Appendix C includes more details on the growth metrics, demographics, and methodologies used to develop the BAU forecast. This process allows the City to convert growth projections into GHG emissions estimates using specific GHG emissions factors, which are assumed to be the same in the future as in the 2019 GHG emissions inventory.

This methodology is used for all GHG emissions sectors and sources included in the 2019 GHG emissions inventory, apart from the off-road emissions sector. To forecast off-road emissions, the OFFROAD2021 off-road emissions database was used to project fuel use since no significant GHG emission reduction legislation is included in the model. Table 4 summarizes the BAU forecast for each forecast year.

Table 3 Growth Metrics for Hayward BAU GHG Emissions Forecast Growth Metric1,2 20191 2025 2030 2035 2040 20453
Population 160,197 161,781 167,425 173,069 178,713 184,358 Employment 70,739 70,326 72,073 73,821 75,568 77,315 Service Population 230,936 232,107 239,498 246,890 254,281 261,673 Housing 47,987 51,788 53,108 54,427 55,747 57,066
Note: Service Population = Population + Employment
1 Previous inventory demographic data was obtained from MTC, including years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019. 2 Forecasted demographic data for Hayward is based on the Alameda CTC Zone from plan Bay Area 2040 and is consistent with the projections used for the Housing Element and traffic analysis conducted by Kittleson & Associates, Inc. Data was provided for year 2020 and 2040, therefore interim years were linearly interpolated. 3 To estimate demographic growth past 2040, the annual compound growth rate between 2020 and 2040 was applied to the demographic data to estimate demographic projections in 2045.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

18 Table 4 BAU Emissions Forecast (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Source 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Transportation
Passenger On-Road Transportation 321,882 330,084 338,285 346,486 354,687 Commercial On-Road Transportation 120,212 124,041 127,869 131,697 135,525 Buses On-Road Transportation 8,319 8,584 8,849 9,114 9,379 BART 550 568 585 603 620
AC Transit 4,330 4,468 4,605 4,743 4,881
Off Road Transportation & Equipment 26,818 29,084 31,274 33,662 28,177 Electricity
Residential Electricity 6,828 7,001 7,175 7,349 7,523
Commercial/Industrial Electricity 6,104 6,256 6,408 6,560 6,711 Natural Gas
Residential Natural Gas 102,840 105,460 108,080 110,701 113,321 Commercial/Industrial Natural Gas 80,883 82,893 84,903 86,912 88,922 Water and Wastewater
Wastewater - Direct 1,719 1,779 1,839 1,899 1,959
Wastewater – Indirect 384 397 410 424 437
Water - Indirect 6 6 7 7 7
Solid Waste
Solid Waste Generated/Disposal 46,421 47,899 49,377 50,856 52,334 Total 727,297 748,520 769,667 791,012 804,484
Per Capita Total 4.50 4.47 4.45 4.43 4.36
Notes: Values in this table may not add up to totals due to rounding All values are of the unit metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e) CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent; PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric; Adjusted Forecast
The adjusted forecast adjusts the BAU forecast to account for state-level legislation, policies, and programs (e.g., SB 100, Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards, Advanced Clean Truck Rule) that are expected to reduce GHG emissions. As it takes into account the influence of enacted laws, the revised projection is deemed a more authentic representation of Hayward's future emissions scenario. Contrasting the BAU and adjusted forecast can show the magnitude of anticipated reductions in Hayward's GHG emissions, which are expected to stem from state-level policies and initiatives.

State-Level Policies Included in the Adjusted Forecast
Numerous regulations and policies at the State level have been put into effect and are anticipated to lower Hayward’s future emissions. These pieces of legislation are incorporated into the adjusted forecast to provide a more accurate depiction of Hayward’s future emissions. The pertinent policies and initiatives are outlined below:

Current and Projected GHG Emissions

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▪ Advanced Clean Cars Program. A comprehensive car emissions control program which regulates smog, soot-causing pollutants, and GHG emissions into a single coordinated package of requirements.
▪ Innovative Clean Transit. A regulation focused on long-term goal of full transition of the heavy- duty transportation sector to zero-emission technologies It requires all public transit agencies to gradually transition to a 100 percent zero-emission bus fleet and encourages them to provide innovative first and last-mile connectivity and improved mobility for transit riders. ▪ Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Building standards that regulate new residential and commercial development in California by requiring increased efficiency related to space heating and cooling, lighting, and water heating.
▪ California Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Requires investor-owned utilities, publicly owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement from renewable energy resources. Adopted in 2018, SB 100 requires electricity providers to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 60 percent by 2030 and 100 percent by 2045. SB 1020 builds upon SB 100 by advancing the State trajectory to 100 percent clean energy procurement by 2045 by creating clean energy targets of 90 percent by 2035 and 95 percent by 2040.
▪ See Appendix A for more information on these and a suite of other programs and policies that are intended to reduce emissions, including SB 1383 and AB 341, that are not included in the adjusted forecast because they are emphasized in the measures.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

20 Table 5 Adjusted Forecast (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Source 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Transportation
Passenger On-Road Transportation 281,963 264,018 256,013 254,427 256,924 Commercial On-Road Transportation 103,620 94,404 83,586 77,090 74,698 Buses On-Road Transportation 7,703 6,398 4,975 3,964 2,922 BART 550 568 585 603 620
AC Transit 4,010 3,324 2,581 2,056 1,519
Off Road Transportation & Equipment 26,818 29,084 31,274 33,662 28,177 Electricity
Residential Electricity 4,771 3,586 2,401 1,210 0 Commercial/Industrial Electricity 4,670 3,548 2,370 1,190 0 Natural Gas
Residential Natural Gas 102,311 104,748 107,185 109,622 112,059 Commercial/Industrial Natural Gas 80,883 82,893 84,903 86,912 88,922 Water and Wastewater
Wastewater - Direct 1,719 1,779 1,839 1,899 1,959
Wastewater – Indirect 297 232 160 83 0
Water - Indirect 5 4 3 1 0
Solid Waste
Solid Waste Generated/Disposal 46,421 47,899 49,377 50,856 52,334 Total 665,743 642,486 627,251 623,574 620,134
Per Capita Total 4.12 3.84 3.62 3.49 3.36
Notes: Values in this table may not add up to totals due to rounding All values are of the unit metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e) CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent; PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric; Comparing Forecast Scenarios
The BAU forecast for Hayward projects an
increase in GHG emissions above the 2019 GHG
emissions inventory from all GHG emissions
sources through 2045 based on projected job and
population growth. Hayward’s BAU GHG
emissions are projected to increase to 4.36 MT
CO2e per person or 804,484 MT CO2e in 2045, see
Table 4.

The adjusted forecast projects that state
legislation will result in GHG emissions reduction
from the BAU forecast in both the residential and
commercial/industrial sectors. Title 24 is expected to reduce GHG emissions due to reduced electricity and natural gas consumption in new residential and non-residential construction. SB 100 and the California RPS are expected to reduce GHG emissions associated with electricity generation in both the residential and the commercial/industrial sector. State transportation regulations,

Current and Projected GHG Emissions

Draft 21
including Advanced Clean Trucks, Advanced Clean Cars, and Advanced Clean Fleet, are expected to significantly reduce transportation GHG emissions. Hayward’s adjusted GHG emissions are projected to 3.36 MT CO2e per person or 620,134 MT CO2e in 2045, see Table 5.

Refer to Appendix C for a more detailed discussion related to methodology modeling, and supportive evidence for Hayward’s GHG forecasts.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

22 5.3 International and State Context and Timeline/
Emissions Targets
International Context
Local climate action is guided by science and policy targets at the international level. Bodies such as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conduct scientific evaluations and formulate policy recommendations. International treaties such as the Paris Agreement (2016) are legally binding treaties that cover nearly every nation on earth. The goal of carbon neutrality by 2045 is consistent with IPCC findings and research-based targets for avoiding the most serious climate change impacts. The central aim of the Paris Agreement is to limit global temperature rise to

1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The IPCC has found that to achieve this and reduce the likelihood of catastrophic global climate change, the world must reach carbon neutrality by mid- century (~2050) and stabilize atmospheric concentrations at 350 parts per million (or less).

California also aligns Statewide targets with these international frameworks. According to the California Air Resources Board (CARB), reducing State emissions to carbon neutral by 2045 would be consistent with the IPCC analysis, as indicated in the AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023,22 of the global emissions trajectory needed to achieve these goals.23 The Paris Agreement sets a worldwide objective of improving adaptive capacity and mandates each participating entity to identify their country's contributions to the collective climate effort. Regular emissions reporting and updates on implementation progress are also required. Similar endeavors are reflected in Hayward's work to increase resilience, achieve carbon neutrality, regularly inventory emissions, report progress towards targets and ultimately to contribute a fair share towards limiting global temperature rise. Hayward’s targets associated with this CAP are consistent with both State and IPCC science-based targets related to GHG emissions reduction.

State Context
In the past two decades, California has adopted extensive legislation, policies, and programs to reduce GHG emissions across the state, establishing itself as a global leader in climate change action. The primary legislation enumerating the State climate goals and driving climate action at the State level are AB 32, SB 32, and AB 1279. Together these regulations set Statewide GHG reduction targets for 2020, 2030, and 2045 and chart a path towards a carbon neutral California, as explained below. See Appendix A for a full list of relevant state-level legislation. ▪ Assembly Bill 32: This legislation codified the Statewide goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and required CARB to prepare a Scoping Plan that outlines the main strategies the State will employ to meet the 2020 target.
▪ Senate Bill 32: This successor legislation to AB 32 requires a Statewide reduction in GHG emissions of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. A new Scoping Plan was adopted in 2017. ▪ Assembly Bill 1279: This legislation codified the Statewide carbon neutrality goal into a legally binding requirement for California to achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045 and ensure 85 percent GHG emissions reduction under that goal. AB 1279 builds upon Executive Order (EO) B-55-18 that originally established California’s 2045 goal of carbon neutrality. The latest Scoping Plan was adopted in 2022.

22 IPCC. 2023. AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/ 23 CARB. 2022. 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-04/2022-sp.pdf Current and Projected GHG Emissions

Draft 23

5.4 Hayward Context and Timeline/Emissions Targets
Hayward GHG Emissions Targets
The 2022 California Climate Change Scoping Plan recommends that local agencies establish communitywide GHG reduction goals for local climate action plans that will help California achieve its 2030 target and longer-term goal. The Scoping Plan notes that it is appropriate to derive evidence-based targets or goals from local emissions sectors and population projections if this process is consistent with the framework used to develop the Statewide targets. CARB also notes that GHG goals and targets should show a downward trend consistent with Statewide objectives.24 State climate legislation compares emissions reduction targets to a 1990 baseline. However, Hayward does not have a 1990 GHG inventory, and the targets developed by the City are instead compared to their 2005 baseline. In the 2006 AB 32 Scoping Plan, CARB indicates that the 1990 GHG emission levels were 15 percent below “baseline years established between 2005-2008. Hayward’s climate action targets are to:
▪ Reduce GHG emissions by 30 percent below 2005 levels by 2025. ▪ Reduce community GHG emissions by 55 percent below 2005 levels (equivalent to 40 percent below 1990 level) by 2030, equivalent to 3.12 MT CO2e per person or 521,777 MT CO2e by 2030. ▪ Work with the community to develop a plan that may result in the reduction of community based GHG emissions to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045.

The Hayward climate action targets are in line with the State-level goals to reduce GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (in compliance with SB 32) and to carbon neutrality by 2045 (in compliance with AB 1279). This CAP includes per capita emission targets to align with guidance from the Scoping Plan. Making substantial progress toward California’s 2030 and longer-term 2045 goals is important, as these targets have been established at levels that achieve California’s fair share of international emissions reductions. California’s goals are in line with those of the IPCC and Paris Agreement.

Hayward’s emissions targets are further summarized and compared to the BAU and adjusted emissions forecasts in the tables below, beginning from the 2019 baseline year through 2045. The emissions “gap,” the difference between the adjusted emissions forecast and Hayward’s GHG emissions targets, is shown for each year in the final row of Table 6. Figure 4 shows the per capita baseline emissions compared to forecast scenarios and the target pathway to carbon neutrality.

Table 6 Per Capita GHG Reduction Target Pathway (MT CO2e/person) GHG Emissions Pathways 2019 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
BAU Forecast 4.27 4.50 4.47 4.45 4.43 4.36
Adjusted Forecast 4.27 4.12 3.84 3.62 3.49 3.36
Hayward Emissions Targets 4.27 3.64 3.12 2.08 1.04 0.00 Emissions “Gap” – Per Capita 0.00 0.5 0.7 1.5 2.5 3.4
Emissions “Gap” – Mass Emissions 0 76,568 120,709 267,673 437,922 620,134

24 CARB. 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality . https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32-climate-change-scoping- plan/2022-scoping-plan-documents
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

24 Figure 4 Baseline Emissions per Capita Compared to Forecast Scenarios and Target Pathway to Carbon Neutrality

Hayward Emissions Gap Analysis
The difference between Hayward’s climate action targets and the adjusted forecast for emissions can be thought of as an “emissions reduction gap,” or the amount of emissions reduction that the City and wider Hayward community must achieve.

Meeting the GHG Emissions Targets
While state regulations and programs will contribute some emissions reductions, Hayward must implement local GHG reduction measures to meet the 2030 emissions targets and make substantial progress towards the 2045 emissions targets. Hayward would be required to reduce 0.7 MT CO2e per person by 2030, and 3.4 MT CO2e per person by 2045 to meet the chosen targets that align with state goals. Table 6 shows the remaining per capita reductions needed to meet the GHG emissions goals in MT CO2e per person.

Emission reductions will be achieved by implementing specific policies and programs at the local level. These activities are referred to as “measures” and “actions” and they should be clear, attainable, measurable, equitable, and cost-effective to help achieve the desired emission reductions. The GHG emissions reductions associated with the measures in the CAP are sufficient to meet the state-level target established by SB 32 and meet the City’s 2030 climate action target. The CAP also makes substantial progress towards the City’s 2045 target, which aligns with the state-level carbon neutrality target established by AB 1279.
2030 Target: 3.12 MT
CO2e
2045 Target: 0 MT
CO2e

0.00 1.00

2.00 3.00

4.00 5.00

6.00 7.00

8.00 2005 2019 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e per capita)
BAU Forecast Adjusted Forecast CAP Update Target Pathway Current and Projected GHG Emissions

Draft 25
Additional discussion and details are provided regarding measures and actions in Chapters 6 through 11. Table 7 shows the Hayward climate action target emissions and the emissions reductions expected from implementing the measures and actions described in subsequent chapters. The table also shows that Hayward will meet the 2030 GHG reduction target and make substantial progress towards the 2045 goal of carbon neutrality. Figure 5 shows how Hayward measures would result in GHG reductions in line with the Hayward targets.

Table 7 Targets Versus GHG Reductions
Target/Forecast
2030 GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e/person)
2045 GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e/person)
Adjusted Forecast 3.84 3.36
Hayward Climate Action Targets 3.12 0.00
GHG Reductions from Full Implementation of CAP Measures 0.73 2.36 GHG Emissions after Measure Reductions
(Adjusted Forecast – GHG Emissions Reductions)

3.11 1.01
Target Anticipated to be Met? Yes Substantial
progress
demonstrated
Figure 5 Emissions Reduction Gap Between Forecasted Emissions and State Targets

2005 Emissions
973,244 MT CO2e
2019 Emissions
684,395 MT CO2e
2030 Target
521,777 MT CO2e
2045 Target
0 MT CO2e
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
2005 2019 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Gap 2005 Baseline BAU Forecast
Adjusted Forecast Target Pathway
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

26 6 Equity and Outreach

6.1 Climate Equity
Community members experience disproportionate impacts from climate change due to existing vulnerabilities, historical patterns of inequity, systemic environmental injustices, socioeconomic disparities, and historical patterns of inequity. Hayward is committed to developing and implementing equitable solutions to mitigate climate change. This includes efforts to create access to municipal services, public amenities and infrastructure, healthy environmental, and economic prosperity for all City residents and to protect all residents against the impacts of climate change and improve the quality of life for the most vulnerable members of the community. Disadvantaged communities have been marginalized and overburdened by environmental pollution exposure, underinvestment in clean energy infrastructure and programs, and lack of access to sustainable and decarbonized housing and transportation. Equitable climate action planning efforts strive to ensure that economic, health, and social benefits of climate action planning programs, projects, and infrastructure are accessible to individuals across a community, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health, age, and physical ability.

6.2 Equitable Engagement Approach
As part of various planning efforts, including this Climate Action Plan, the Hayward General Plan Hazards Element, the Hayward General Plan Housing Element, and the Hayward General Plan Environmental Justice Element, the City conducted a series of public outreach efforts centered around equitable engagement.

Engagement Objectives
The CAP project team made significant efforts to communicate with and obtain input from community members. To facilitate this, the City developed a set of engagement objectives to guide the engagement process:
▪ To educate the community and decisionmakers on the legal requirements, timelines, and process for the various planning efforts and allow for a fully transparent updates process. ▪ To educate the community and decisionmakers about historical inequities in housing policy, development, and practices.
▪ To involve, collaborate and empower the community to act through this process. ▪ To implement a racial equity lens throughout the earliest phases to ensure that City staff and Rincon Consultants engage with all segments of the community. ▪ To emphasize engagement with hard‐to‐reach communities and those that have not yet established trust with the City or do not typically engage in City processes by partnering with trusted community groups and advisors.
▪ To engage groups including but not limited to special needs populations, communities of color, lower-income communities, communities that have limited or no access to technology, elderly communities, youth communities, and others.
▪ To define equity goals and guardrails for use in developing policy.

Equity and Outreach

Draft 27
▪ To develop and execute a creative and innovative outreach process rather than repeating common approaches to engagement.

Engagement Methods and Events
As part of this CAP Update process, the City utilized a multi-pronged approach engagement strategy to engage with Hayward residents, businesses, organizations, and stakeholders.

The City employed multiple engagement approaches, including:
▪ Public workshops
▪ Gallery Walks
▪ Website with Story Map
▪ Focus groups
▪ Online Surveys
▪ Tabling at community events
▪ Presentations for community groups
▪ Chabot College student interviews.
▪ Flyering around Hayward
This section identifies the various engagement methods the City employes to effectively engage community members, particularly Hayward’s disadvantaged communities.

Public Workshops and Gallery Walks
Table 8 below shows the key engagement efforts and
community input that was considered during the
development of the CAP Update. Public input will
continue to be received throughout the public draft
comment period and through a third public
workshop.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

28 Table 8 CAP Engagement Summary
Engagement Event Date of Event Objectives
Gallery Walks January 2022 ▪ Build early awareness of the CAP process. ▪ Gather high-level ideas, priorities, and concerns.
▪ Build relationships with key stakeholder groups.
▪ Hosted at City Hall, Library, Chabot College, Hayward South Alameda County National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), AC Transit.

Flyering February 2022 ▪ Build early awareness of the CAP process. ▪ City staff flyered (English and Spanish) at: Hayward BART stop, Downtown Hayward Farmers Market, laundromats, grocery
stores.

Public Workshop #1 April 13, 2022 ▪ Build early awareness of the CAP goals and process among the general public.
▪ Gather high-level priorities, and concerns about climate action in Hayward.
▪ Gather initial ideas for potential actions to include in the CAP.

Tabling April – August
2022
▪ Build early awareness of the CAP process.
▪ Gather feedback on the draft mitigation measures.
▪ Hosted tables at: City of Hayward’s Annual Earth Day Event, Juneteenth, Community Family Fair at Tennyson Park, August Downtown Street Party, Mariachi Festival.

Presentations May 2022 ▪ Build early awareness of the CAP process. ▪ Present the draft mitigation measures.
▪ Gather feedback on the draft mitigation measures.
▪ Met with: Eden Housing staff, Sierra Club Southern Alameda County Group, Save the Bay staff, Starr King Unitarian
Universalist Church.

Chabot College
Partnership
June-August 2022 ▪ Chabot students interviewed 252 residents about climate change and draft mitigation measures.

Online survey June-August 2022 ▪ Gather feedback on the draft mitigation measures Focus Groups May-July 2022 ▪ Build early awareness of the CAP process. ▪ Present the draft mitigation measures.
▪ Gather feedback on the draft mitigation measures.
▪ Hosted at Tennyson High School, Eden Housing Alta Mira, Eden Housing Tennyson Gardens, Eden Housing Montgomery Plaza, and Eden Housing Hayward Senior Facility.

Public Workshop #2 July 19, 2022 ▪ Provide updates about the Hayward CAP’s emission forecasts and GHG reduction targets.
▪ Present the draft mitigation measures.
▪ Gather feedback about the draft mitigation measures.

Public Workshop #3 TBD ▪ Public review of the draft CAP document and to provide input.

Website with Story Map
As part of the Hayward General Plan Housing Element, Hazards Element, and Environmental Justice Elements as well as this Climate Action Plan, the City created and hosted a website to serve as a centralized information hub and platform to collect input. The website includes a CAP Story Map with information on the CAP goals, benefits of the CAP, the CAP scope, and the City’s climate action planning steps. The Hayward Housing and Climate Update website is located here:
https://haywardhousingandclimateupdate.com/
Equity and Outreach

Draft 29

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

30 Equity and Outreach

Draft 31

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

32 6.3 Equitable Climate Action Planning
CAP measures require changes in the way members of the community operate their homes and businesses, mobilize throughout the community, utilize water, dispose of waste, and consume products. As such, much of the costs and impacts related to climate change are carried by the community. Therefore, it is imperative that the CAP measures are developed with equity as a central pillar of the measure development process.

Climate equity requires local leaders and policy developers to acknowledge that disadvantaged communities are knowledgeable in creating solutions to protect and preserve their air, water, land, and communities, despite their previous exclusion from decision-making and from public resources and services. Therefore, it is critical that disadvantaged communities are involved in the policy development process so that policies reflect and align with the concerns and needs of these communities.

Disadvantaged communities are those that experience continuing injustice and face a legacy of systemic, largely racialized, inequity that influences their living and working places, the quality of their air and water, and their economic opportunities. Disadvantaged communities in Hayward include People of Color, Immigrants, People with Lower Incomes, People Experiencing Houselessness, Individuals with Physical Disabilities, Seniors, Linguistically Isolated (Limited or Non- English Speakers).

6.4 Hayward Equity Guardrails
Disadvantaged communities in Hayward have previously and continue to face systemic discriminatory practices that perpetuate systems of inequitable power and resource distribution.

GHG reduction measures included in the CAP Update, as seen in Section 6, are intended to help address systemic discrimination and create a sustainable and equitable path forward for disadvantaged communities. Equity guardrails, as seen in the table below, were developed in coordination with City staff to provide specific criteria that GHG reduction measures proposed for the CAP Update need to include to address equity concerns specific to Hayward.

Table 9 Hayward Equity Guardrails
Equity Guardrails Description
Integrate Health and Safety Provide access to health, safety, and comfort benefits associated with the CAP by prioritizing access for disadvantaged communities.

Provide Economic Support Establish funding and financing opportunities that are designed for and can be accessed by disadvantaged communities and that additional financial burdens on these groups are avoided.

Provide Social and Cultural
Support
Provide meaningful support for disadvantaged communities through the addition/expansion of programs in partnership with community-based organizations that educate, engage, provide resources, and respond to barriers.

Mitigate Displacement
Potential
Protect disadvantaged communities from displacement and increased cost of living.

Continue Investment and
Engagement
Include specific mechanisms for continued investment in and engagement with disadvantaged communities throughout implementation of the CAP (unforeseen equity barriers may arise as the CAP is implemented and may need to be addressed through policy changes or additional support programs).

Equity and Outreach

Draft 33
The Hayward equity guardrails were used to analyze each of the GHG reduction measures proposed for the CAP to generate a list of concerns and potential solutions. Potential solutions and supportive actions specific to equity were developed to address the equity concerns identified and are included under the relevant GHG reduction measures.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

34 7 GHG Reduction Measures Framework

7.1 Structure of GHG Reduction Measures
As part of the CAP Update process, the City developed a comprehensive set of measures to reduce communitywide GHG emissions and achieve the City’s climate action targets. Each measure is supported by a set of actions that provide measurable GHG emissions reduction that is supported by substantial evidence. The City also developed a set of measures and actions for offsetting GHG emissions through carbon sequestration, established under a sector called “Carbon Sequestration.” Measures and actions are organized according to the following hierarchy:

Sectors. Sectors define the GHG emissions category in which the GHG reductions will take place and include Building Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Carbon Sequestration.

Measures. Measures identify specific goals (i.e., activity data targets by 2030 and 2045) to address GHG emissions in each sector.

Actions. Actions identify the programs, policies, funding pathways, and other specific commitments that the City will implement. Each measure contains a suite of actions, which together have been designed to accomplish the measure goal.

7.2 Type of GHG Reduction Measures
Measures and actions can be either quantitative or supportive, depending on whether they directly result in GHG emissions reductions or support direct reductions. ▪ Quantitative. Quantitative measures and actions result in GHG emissions reductions that can be quantified and summed to show how Hayward will make progress towards and meet its climate action targets. The emissions reductions expected from implementation of these measures and actions are supported by substantial evidence such as peer-reviewed research that establishes their effectiveness for reducing GHG emissions.
▪ Supportive. Supportive measures and actions are critical to the overall success of a CAP and provide support so that the quantitative measures and actions will be successfully and equitably implemented. Though these measures and actions may also be quantifiable and have substantial evidence to support their overall contribution to GHG reduction, they are not quantified for one or more factors – including a low GHG reduction benefit, indirect GHG reductions, or potential for double-counting – and do not contribute directly to the expected GHG reduction targets.

GHG Reduction Measures Framework

Draft 35

7.3 CAP Measures Cost Ranges
Climate action plans exhibit high variability in implementation costs depending on the GHG emissions reduction measures identified, their level of specificity, and the accompanying funding and financing strategies, which may vary depending on the scope of the project. The cost range estimates are based on cost data derived from existing and past projects, case studies, and available research. For each GHG emissions reduction measure, the cost description focuses on both internal (City) costs and external (community) costs and provides insight into the variability of these costs, including the primary variables that may affect cost effectiveness such as upfront costs, lifecycle costs, incremental or marginal costs, and the cost of doing nothing.

This GHG emissions reduction measures cost range estimate analysis is not intended to provide exact and precise cost estimates for each of the measures. The costs described for each GHG emissions reduction measure are variable and provide a general range carried by differed parties associated with the measures. For more details regarding specific cost consideration and variables, refer to Appendix E. The GHG measures proposed for the CAP and listed below have been broken down into three cost segments, as summarized in Table 10.

Table 10 Cost Categories
Cost Category City Community
Low-Cost Goals associated with low upfront costs and will only require staff time to implement, such as:
▪ Developing partnerships
▪ Policy Updates
▪ Community Outreach
Goals associated with low upfront costs
compared to existing alternatives, such as:
▪ Additional energy bill costs for renewable
energy compared to fossil fuel-based energy
Moderate-Cost Goals associated with moderate upfront costs to the City and require moderate capital costs or
consultant time along with staff time, such as:
▪ Feasibility Studies
▪ Incentive and Compliance Programs
▪ Pilot Projects
Goals associated with moderate upfront costs
that are not comparable to existing costs nor are
offset over lifetime, such as:
▪ New fees from utilities or city taxes
▪ Upfront costs partially offset by rebate
opportunities
High-Cost Goals associated with high upfront costs and
require substantial investments into
infrastructure and technology system upgrades,
such as:
▪ Bike Lanes
▪ Energy Storage Systems
▪ EV Charging Networks
Goals associated with high upfront costs that are
not comparable to existing cost nor are offset
over lifetime, such as:
▪ New electric vehicle purchase prior to existing
vehicle replacement
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

36 7.4 Key Pillars of GHG Reduction Measures
Community-focused climate action often requires community-level behavioral changes and buy-in to be implementable and successful. This means that many factors aside from GHG emissions reductions need to be considered and balanced. To position a CAP to best achieve the City’s targets, the actions supporting each measure were developed to be consistent with a set of key pillars. Each key pillar emphasizes specific criteria that play an essential role in the implementation of climate action. The key pillars are:
▪ Structural Change. Includes ordinances, codes, requirements, new programs, pilot programs, or other policy that provides some guarantee of behavior change going forward. Structural change actions are usually quantitative actions and provide the GHG emissions reduction mechanism for the associated measure to be effective.
▪ Feasibility Studies. Includes feasibility studies, City-led plans, or other investigative or strategy documents that help the City develop a strategy for measure or action implementation, especially for measures or actions that are more controversial or complicated. ▪ Funding. Includes grants, rebates, financing, and other capital avenues for ensuring that the associated measure’s costs are supported.
▪ Equity. Includes actions to mitigate potential equity impacts of other actions, such as re- investment into underserved communities, or policies and programs to protect against an increased potential for displacement or increased cost burdens in the community. Equity actions help ensure the overall measure and approach can pass the equity guardrails, as described in Section 5.
▪ Education. Includes outreach, educational events, and engagement campaigns to incentivize community participation in the CAP and the new programs, policies, and incentives that have the potential to move the needle on GHG reductions.
▪ Partnerships. Includes actions that focus on partnerships with community-based organizations, other public agencies, and private-sector partners to create new programs the City cannot achieve alone.

GHG Reduction Measures Framework

Draft 37

7.5 Co-Benefits of GHG Reduction Measures
Climate action measures will also produce additional co-benefits beyond GHG emissions reductions that the community will see from implementing the CAP. These co-benefits will have long-term positive impacts that will help Hayward reach its community goals. The co-benefits identified for each CAP Update measure include the following.

Improved Health and Safety
Developing a healthier community with reduced respiratory illnesses through improving both indoor and outdoor air quality, enhancing overall safety and property protection by bolstering adaptive capacity, and elevating quality of life by fostering more avenues for physical activity, increasing access to green spaces, and maintaining thermal comfort.

Climate Change Resilience
Increased ability of community to prepare for, mitigate, and recover from climate hazards including extreme heat, sea level rise, flooding, wildfire, landslides, and drought.

Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Services
Actions that improve the health of local ecosystems can also result in a variety of public benefits including reducing pollutants in local creeks and runoff to the bay, providing species habitat which supports a more biodiverse landscape, improving water and air quality, reducing local flood risk, and providing recreation benefits for the community enjoyment.

Sustainable Land Use Planning
Through alignment with CEQA and the Housing Element Update, this CAP can help focus development in a manner that enhances human-centered economic corridors including transit-oriented development. A key co-benefit of a comprehensive and updated CAP is the promotion of thoughtful development that will complement the City’s sustainability goals. This is achieved by creating a clear pathway for new development so it can align with Hayward’s plan for reducing GHG emissions.

Jobs Development
Initiative aimed at advancing clean energy adoption and sustainable business practices constitute a fundamental element in fostering the establishment of lucrative, well- compensated, and all-encompassing employment opportunities. These efforts will reciprocally uphold Hayward's climate targets and sustained economic well-being.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

38 8 Building Energy Sector Measures

8.1 Context
CAP measures for the building energy sector focus on transiting to renewable energy sources, carbon-free electricity, and building electrification. When all-electric buildings are powered by carbon-free electricity, their operating energy footprint becomes carbon-free.

Renewable Energy and Carbon-Free Electricity
Hayward’s building energy (BE) measures are dependent on leveraging the renewable energy that Ava Community Energy provides the community. Using 100 percent carbon-free electricity from Ava Community Energy, instead of natural gas, propane, or other non-renewable electricity sources, to power buildings reduces the GHG emissions associated with building operations to zero or near- zero. Measure BE-4 directs the City to work with Ava Community Energy to provide only 100 percent carbon-free electricity to residents and businesses and limit opt-out rates. Measure BE-6 commits the City to generating carbon-neutral electricity meeting 80 percent of the City’s electricity needs by 2030.

Electrification
Electrification of buildings can be a cost-effective and socially equitable way to reduce GHG emissions and protect public health. All-electric buildings can be more efficient and can result in lower energy bills.25 Natural gas prices are expected to rise in the future, making it less cost- effective for building owners that don’t electrify.26 All-electric buildings also provide a critical step towards improving public health. Burning natural gas in poorly ventilated areas (i.e., through gas stoves in particular) can cause a significant increase of harmful indoor pollutants that are linked to increased risk of respiratory illnesses.27
While the City has already adopted an electrification reach code for new construction which requires developers for residential and non-residential building types to provide all-electric systems, existing buildings must be electrified in order for Hayward to reach its climate action targets.

Measures BE-2 and BE-3 provide frameworks of updated regulations, programs, funding mechanisms, education, and advocacy to drive electrification of existing single-family, multi-family, and commercial buildings.

Reducing both electricity and natural gas use is a fundamental strategy for the City to encourage and support as the electrical grid becomes increasingly renewable and ultimately carbon-free.

Measure BE-5 aims to reduce GHG emissions by increasing energy efficiency in homes and businesses by reducing electricity and natural gas use. To further support communitywide GHG emissions reductions, the City will generate carbon-neutral electricity meeting 80 percent of the electricity needs at City facilities by 2030 (Measure BE-6). Appendix D provides more background

25 Kenney et al., (California Energy Commission (CEC). “California Building Decarbonization Assessment”. 2021. Available:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/publications/2021/california-building-decarbonization-assessment 26 Aas et. al., CEC. “The Challenge of Retail Gas in California’s Low-Carbon Future - Technology Options, Customer Costs, and Public Health Benefits of Reducing Natural Gas Use”.https://www.energy.ca.gov/publications/2019/challenge-retail-gas-californias-low-carbon-future- technology-options-customer
27 RMI. “Gas Stoves: Health and Air Quality Impacts and Solutions.” 2020. Available: https://rmi.org/insight/gas-stoves-pollution-health/ Building Energy Sector Measures

Draft 39
information on each CAP measure and action as well as detailed summaries of GHG quantification methodologies.

8.2 Measures and Actions Detail
Measure BE-1: Continue the all-electric
requirement for new residential construction.

Adopt an all-electric requirement for new non-
residential construction to take effect by 2026.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community
costs, and specific quantitative GHG emissions
reductions associated with implementation of
Measure BE-1 are included in Table 11.

Table 11 Measure BE-1 Actions
Action ID Action Description
BE 1.1 Continue to enforce the adopted Hayward Electrification Ordinance for new residential buildings banning natural gas.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 1.2 Adopt an ordinance, reach code, or zero NOx threshold, effective January 1, 2026, that establishes mandatory requirements that all newly constructed buildings avoid natural gas use by 2026.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 1.3 Compile case studies conducted by BayREN, the Building Decarbonization Coalition and other relevant sources that show cost effective strategies for electric buildings by prototype and detail the cost savings associated with all-electric construction. Share the information on the City’s website.

Key Pillar: Education/Funding
BE 1.4 Partner with BayREN to provide/share technical resources, including hosting workforce development training for installers, local contractors, and building owners/operators, to discuss benefits and technical requirements of electrification within Hayward. Promote the cost savings, environmental benefits, and versatility of electrification to builders, property owners, and contractors on the City website and at the City permit counters.

Key Pillar: Education/ Partnership
BE 1.5 Engage with stakeholders, both internal stakeholders, such as City staff and officials, and external stakeholders, such as local developers and community groups regarding the purpose and impact of the Hayward Electrification Reach Code and to identify equity concerns.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Equity
BE 1.6 Engage with an organization such as Building Decarbonization Coalition to work with local building industry stakeholders in educating developers and other stakeholders on new appliances and approaches to building electrification.

Key Pillar: Partnership
BE 1.7 Partner with Ava Community Energy to conduct an electrification infrastructure and capacity feasibility study to identify expected increases in electricity demand due to building and vehicle electrification, ensure capacity to meet that demand, and identify any infrastructure improvements.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
BE 1.8 Utilize the Low Carbon Concrete Code Amendment Toolkit and review current best practices to develop implementation strategies, compliance forms, and specifications for compliant mixes.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

40 Action ID Action Description
BE 1.9 Promote the use of low carbon concrete in construction projects (residential and commercial).

Coordinate with the California Air Resources Board as they develop rules and guidance pursuant to AB2446.

Key Pillar: Education
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 5,392 MT CO2e, 2045: 18,761 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Sustainable Land Use Planning Measure BE-2: Electrify existing single-family
residential buildings in order to achieve 100
therms/person/year by 2030 and 0 therms/person in
2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure BE-2 are
included in Table 12.

Table 12 Measure BE-2 Actions
Action ID Action Description
BE 2.1 Once costs and funding/financing options are identified (BE-2.5), adopt a decarbonization ordinance for existing single-family residential buildings by 2026 that, based on legislative feasibility, establishes mandatory requirements that eliminates expansion of natural gas infrastructure, and requires appliances, upon replacement, to be decarbonized where technologically feasible and cost effective.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 2.2 Adopt an ordinance requiring existing single-family homes to be 100% all-electric by 2045.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 2.3 Adopt a time of retrofit ordinance that requires all buildings with retrofit work who meet a certain threshold, to complete energy efficiency/electrification actions. To be part of the reach code to take effect January 2026.

Key Pillar: Structural Charge
BE 2.4 Work with community stakeholders including realtors and contractors to develop electrification readiness requirements to be completed within 120 days of completion of a home sale. Include a potential waiver process for distressed sales.

Key Pillar: Structural Change/Partnership
BE 2.5 Develop a single-family residential building electrification feasibility study with a detailed existing building analysis and electrification costs analysis to understand cost implications, identify potential equity concerns/impacts, and develop strategies to electrify existing buildings such that natural gas usage in single-family residential buildings is reduced by 10% by 2030.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
BE 2.6 Support BAAQMD’s efforts to require zero-NOx furnaces and water heaters at time of replacement with compliant technologies such as electric heat pumps. Advocate that BAAQMD ensure discounted electric appliances are offered to lower income households and upfront rebates are available.

Key Pillar: Partnership

Building Energy Sector Measures

Draft 41
Action ID Action Description
BE 2.7 Partner with BayREN, Ava Community Energy, and StopWaste to work with the local contractors, realtors, homeowner associations, and labor unions to develop a comprehensive building code and compliance training program, including hosting workforce development trainings discussing the benefits and technical requirements of electrification.

Key Pillar: Partnership/ Education
BE 2.8 Conduct engagement efforts for the general public and targeted to low-income communities of color during development of the electrification strategy to understand the community's concerns around electrification.

Key Pillar: Education
BE 2.9 Partner with Hayward Below Market Rate (BMR) housing stock owners (such as Eden Housing) to commit to electrifying all BMR housing by 2045. Establish a plan, financing strategies, and schedule for implementing this action by 2026.28
Key Pillar: Equity
BE 2.10 Identify and partner with local community-based organizations with connections to low-income communities of color to assist in development of the electrification strategy.

Key Pillar: Equity
BE 2.11 Devote staff time to collaborate with PG&E, Ava Community Energy, and other cities in the region to advocate for regulatory changes at the State level (e.g., CARB) to allow neighborhood level electrification and pruning of natural gas to reduce the change of stranded asset, provide potential funding, and establish and efficient transition to carbon neutral buildings.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
BE 2.12 Work with Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), and Ava Community Energy to conduct a feasibility study assessing the cost and funding strategy for incentivizing all-electric retrofits through on-bill financing.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
BE 2.13 Review incentives, rebates, and financing options for procedural equity and ensure that existing and updated incentive programs are being equitably distributed to the community. Hurdles to equitable implementation could include credit checks, excessive procedural hurdles, and lack of targeted outreach.

Key Pillar: Equity
BE 2.14 Partner with a financing/management company such as BlocPower to provide electrification services and financing to the community with prioritization of historically under-invested communities.

Key Pillar: Partnerships
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 13,872 MT CO2e, 2045: 68,020 MT CO2e City Cost: High
Community Cost: High
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Jobs Development

28 https://www.hayward-ca.gov/services/city-services/finding-affordable-housing).

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

42 Measure BE-3: Decarbonize existing commercial and
multi-family buildings in order to achieve 53 therms per service person in 2030 and 0 therms per service person
in 2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions associated with implementation of Measure BE-3 are included in
Table 13.

Table 13 Measure BE-3 Actions
Action ID Action Description
BE 3.1 Based on the results of the feasibility studies (BE- 3.4) adopt a decarbonization ordinance for existing commercial buildings by 2026 that, based on legislative feasibility, establishes mandatory requirements that eliminates expansion of natural gas infrastructure and requires appliances, upon replacement, to be decarbonized where technologically feasible and cost effective. As part of this ordinance, implement the following steps:

1. Develop requirements that satisfy the federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) seven criteria for an exemption from preemption;

2. Establish specific metrics for standard benchmarking;

3. Identify a regulatory mechanism for eliminating natural gas use in existing commercial buildings that addresses legal and feasibility considerations; and

4. Enforce requirement compliance through the same permitting compliance program as for residential building electrification.
.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 3.2 Based on the results of the feasibility studies (BE- 3.4) adopt a decarbonization ordinance for existing multi-family buildings by 2026 that, based on legislative feasibility, establishes mandatory requirements that eliminates expansion of natural gas infrastructure and requires appliances, upon replacement, to be decarbonized where technologically feasible and cost effective. As part of this ordinance, implement the following steps:

1. Develop requirements that satisfy the federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) seven criteria for an exemption from preemption;

2. Establish specific metrics for standard benchmarking;

3. Identify a regulatory mechanism for eliminating natural gas use in existing multi-family buildings that addresses legal and feasibility considerations; and

4. Enforce requirement compliance through the same permitting compliance program as for residential building electrification.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 3.3 Adopt a Commercial Energy Performance Assessment and Disclosure Ordinance for commercial and multi-family buildings, which requires energy use disclosure consistent with State law (AB 1103) and the use of the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 3.4 Conduct feasibility studies to identify commercial and multi-family building decarbonization barriers and develop a commercial and multi-family building decarbonization strategy with analysis supporting future adoption of a commercial and multi-family building decarbonization ordinance.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
BE 3.5 Partner with an electrification/efficiency expert to provide guidance to commercial buildings covered by the building performance standard.

Building Energy Sector Measures

Draft 43
Action ID Action Description
Key Pillar: Education/ Partnership
BE 3.6 Develop an education campaign to promote commercial electrification and include items in the program such as:

1. Continue to engage with local business and business organizations (e.g., Chamber of Commerce, the Alameda County Green Business Program) to inform and facilitate electrification for commercial business owners.

2. Continue to promote the use of the Energy Star Portfolio Manager program and energy benchmarking training programs for nonresidential building owners.

3. Advertise via utility bill inserts the incentive programs or grants available and the cost benefits of electric appliances.

4. Conduct targeted outreach to builders, developers, local contractors, and property managers with an informational brochure describing the financial benefits of replacing natural gas appliances with all electric appliances when they apply for permits.

5. Provide informational webinars and an updated website to advertise and promote all-electric building initiative rebates and incentives.

Key Pillar: Education
BE 3.7 Conduct outreach to small businesses and minority-owned businesses to understand potential equity impacts of a decarbonization policy as part of the existing building decarbonization study.

Key Pillar: Funding
BE 3.8 Conduct feasibility study to evaluate the current uptake and effectiveness of Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing for installation of renewable energy systems in commercial and industrial properties. If feasibility study indicates effectiveness, continue to offer PACE financing for commercial and industrial properties to install renewable energy systems.

Key Pillar: Funding
BE 3.9 Continue to work with Bay Area Regional Energy Networks (BayREN), Ava Community Energy, and StopWaste to continue to improve and implement commercial electrification rebates and financing opportunities and other offered incentives.

Key Pillar: Partnerships
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 20,667 MT CO2e, 2045: 114,200 MT CO2e City Cost: High
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Jobs Development City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

44 Measure BE-4: Support Ava Community
Energy in providing 100% carbon-free
electricity by 2030.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community
costs, and specific quantitative GHG emissions
reductions associated with implementation of
Measure BE-4 are included in Table 14.

Table 14 Measure BE-4 Actions
Action ID Action Description
BE 4.1 Adopt a resolution establishing a policy that if Ava Community Energy does not meet the 2030 goal of its entire portfolio being 100% carbon-free, all Hayward customers will be enrolled in Renewable 100 in by 2030. Resolution should include identification of funding or subsidies to ensure no cost increase to CARE/FERA customers. This may include subsidization costs to CARE/FERA customers to be funded by a rate increase for non-discounted customers.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 4.2 Engage with community (residential and non-residential) to advertise/highlight Ava Community Energy’s plan to provide 100% carbon-free electricity by 2030. Provide information on the importance of this goal and the impact of buying electricity from Ava Community Energy.

Key Pillar: Education
BE 4.3 In collaboration with Ava Community Energy, implement a pilot program to provide Hayward’s affordable housing units Ava Community Energy’s Renewable 100 service. Identify funding options with Ava Community Energy such as subsidies funded by non-discounted customers or grant funding.

Key Pillar: Equity
BE 4.4 Work with Ava Community Energy to conduct an annual analysis of opt-out rates in the City of Hayward to understand why residents and businesses opt out of Ava Community Energy or opt-down to Bright Choice over Renewable 100.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 4,802 MT CO2e, 2045: 0 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Low
Co-Benefits: Improved Health and Safety, Job Development

Building Energy Sector Measures

Draft 45
Measure BE-5: Continue to promote energy efficiency
improvement, in alignment with the 2014 Climate Action Plan.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions associated with
implementation of Measure BE-5 are included in Table 15.

Table 15 Measure BE-5 Actions
Action ID Action Description
BE 5.1 Continue to promote the efficient use of energy in the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of public and private facilities, infrastructure, and equipment.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 5.2 Continue to collaborate with partner agencies, utility providers, and the business community to support a range of energy efficiency, conservation, and waste reduction measures, including the development of green buildings and infrastructure, weatherization programs, installation of energy-efficient appliances and equipment in homes and offices, promotion of energy efficiency retrofit programs, use of green power options, and heightened awareness of the benefits of energy efficiency and conservation issues.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Education
BE 5.3 Continue to collaborate with regional entities and others to promote incentive programs for energy efficiency retrofits such as the Energy Upgrade California program for residential properties.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
BE 5.4 Continue to promote the use of the Energy Star Portfolio Manager program and energy benchmarking training programs for nonresidential building owners.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
BE 5.5 Obtain and prioritize funding for the weatherization program specifically for low, very low, and low- income homeowners, landlords, and renters, to make energy efficiency improvement and improve health and safety of residences.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: Supportive Measure & Actions City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Climate Change Resilience

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

46 Measure BE-6: Generate carbon-neutral
electricity on City facilities meeting 80% of the
municipal operational electricity needs by 2030.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs,
and specific quantitative GHG emissions
reductions associated with implementation of
Measure BE-6 are included in Table 16.

Table 16 Measure BE-6 Actions
Action ID Action Description
BE 6.1 Obtain battery storage in City buildings and critical facilities, including community-based resilience hubs, identified to need power during emergencies or power outages.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 6.2 Develop partnerships with organizations, such as the Urban Sustainability Directors Network (USDN) or California Resilience Partnership (CRP), to conduct a feasibility study to identify locations for community resilience hubs within the City, identify grant opportunities, and to develop a plan to implement resilience hubs.

Key Pillar: Partnership/ Feasibility Study
BE 6.3 Conduct analysis on risks and benefits associated with relying on battery storage to achieve carbon neutral electricity and grid resiliency goals in the City and set a MW capacity goal for installed battery storage by 2030 and 2045.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
BE 6.4 Formally include City facilities that serve as cooling centers to disadvantaged communities in the Energy Assurance Plan (Community Safety program 13) and develop and implement energy resiliency strategies like on-site renewable energy generation or energy storage to ensure center remains active even in power shortages.

Key Pillar: Equity
BE 6.5 As part of Energy Assurance Plan (Community Safety program 13), include identifications of locations or complexes (i.e., City facilities, college campuses, critical facilities) in the City for installation of local renewable energy generation, energy storage projects, and/or ideal locations for development of a micro-grid as evaluated in Ava Community Energy feasibility study.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
BE 6.6 Develop the study estimating renewable energy generation on City facilities and schedule implementing of the prioritized solar projects identified. The plan should include an identification of barriers and needs for implementation of the prioritized projects as well as identify funding sources and partnerships needed for successful implementation.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
BE 6.7 Partner with PG&E and/or Ava Community Energy to ensure smooth integration of renewable energy systems from the identified prioritized projects or other individual solar projects into the grid.

Key Pillar: Partnership
BE 6.8 Identify and advertise incentives available for the community members for installing solar on homes such as Net Metering Programs through PG&E for bill credits, or the Disadvantaged Communities-Single-family Solar Homes (DAC-SASH) program. Identify incentives available for businesses and homeowners to install energy storage systems, such as Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) and Equity Resiliency rebates that provides an upfront rebate for battery storage and/or the federal investment tax credit for solar batteries installed. Provide resource information to the community through websites, workshops, and partnerships.

Key Pillar: Funding/Education

Building Energy Sector Measures

Draft 47
Action ID Action Description
BE 6.9 Partner with affordable housing providers to conduct a feasibility analysis of battery storage and solar projects at the affordable housing in Hayward that are eligible for Equity Resilience Incentives under the SGIP Program.

Key Pillar: Funding /Equity
BE 6.10 Determine opportunities for the Water Pollution Control Facility to expand existing biogas (i.e., methane) capturing and utilization as part of the Biosolids Master Plan currently underway. The Master Plan document will plan for and phase in improvements for utilizing biogas for the next 20-years including potentially expanding the existing cogeneration facility to produce more energy, or possibly converting to renewable natural gas for pipeline injection off-setting the need to purchase non-renewable natural gas.

The Master Plan is consistent with General Plan Policy PFS-4.12 to develop, enhance, and maintain clean, green, and renewable energy systems at the Water Pollution Control Facility (WPCF) Key Pillar: Funding/Partnership
BE 6.11 Provide educational materials and workshops to large commercial developers and large business property owners of the benefits of microgrids and energy resiliency. Provide resources to identify opportunities for solar installations and/or battery storage on site.

Key Pillar: Education
BE 6.12 Prepare a plan to facilitate the transition of natural gas appliances to electric in City Facilities. Plan should include an inventory of appliances available for replacement, identify cost where possible, and establish a timeline for replacement.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: Supportive Measure & Actions City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: No expected community cost
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Climate Change Resilience, Jobs Development City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

48 9 Transportation Sector Measures

9.1 Context
Transportation accounts for the largest portion of GHG emissions in Hayward.

The City of Hayward strives to promote transportation options that provide a robust set of health, mobility, and livability benefits for all community members. The City is committed to developing a thriving transportation network to encourage residents to make more sustainable and healthy choices.

Reducing Vehicle Miles Travelled
These transportation measures (T) prioritize reducing vehicle miles travelled (VMT) first, by improving active and public transportation, then shifting the remaining VMT to electric vehicles.

While in theory, 100 percent electrification of all vehicles in Hayward could achieve zero-emissions in the transportation sector without reducing VMT, the City recognizes that cars and roadways carry huge amounts of embodied emissions not accounted for in the inventory, over which the City has little control. Beyond decreasing GHG emissions, there are other benefits associated with reducing VMT. These include alleviating traffic congestion, requiring less space for roads and parking, promoting local economic revitalization, and enhancing overall quality of life.

In line with the Hayward 2020 Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan, the City will increase active transportation mode share to 15 percent by 2030 and 20 percent by 2045 (Measure T-1). The City will implement public and share transit programs to increase mode shift to public and shared transit mode to 15 percent by 2030 and 30 percent by 2045. While Measures T-1 and T-2 can be effective in changing community choices around transportation, the impacts of incentive-based policies increase when coupled with disincentives for less favorable choices, such as making it less convenient to drive a gasoline-fueled single passenger vehicle. Through Measure T-3, the City will develop disincentives for driving single passenger vehicles to support the bicycle/pedestrian and public transit mode share goals.

Electrification
While the City cannot require its residents or businesses to buy Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEVs), Measures T-4 and T-5 will ensure the infrastructure and incentives are present in the City to begin to remove present barriers to passenger and commercial ZEV adoption. In line with this, the City will increase municipal passenger ZEV adoption to align with the State of California’s ZEV goals. Measure T-6 establishes a goal of decarbonizing 15 percent of off-road equipment by 2030 and 80 percent by 2045 to further contribute to the City’s overall GHG emissions reductions.

Transportation Sector Measures

Draft 49

9.2 Measures and Actions Detail
Measure T-1: Increase active transportation mode
share to 15% by 2030 and to 20% by 2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure T-1 are
included in Table 17.

Table 17 Measure T-1 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 1.1 Amend the Off-Street Parking Regulation of Municipal Code to incorporate smart growth principles and to incentivize walking, biking, and public transit.

1. Create a single “blended” parking requirement for commercial uses to facilitate future changes of use (i.e., changing a retail store to a restaurant).

2. Provide requirements or incentives for bicycle parking.

3. Allow on-street parking along the property’s frontage to count towards satisfying a portion of the property’s off-street parking requirements.

4. Create parking preferences or incentives for residents who rideshare or use low- or zero-emissions vehicles.

5. Allow property owners to develop and implement parking demand management plans that consider ways to reduce the need for off-street parking by using shared parking arrangements, valet parking services, paid parking, and other appropriate techniques.

6. Establish design standards or retrofit standards for Complete Streets.

7. Promote multi-modal use.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.2 In support of the General Plan and City land-use policies, maximize infill development, increase land-use and transit efficiencies to support the regional Sustainable Communities Strategy29 and promote a jobs- housing match. In addition, work with developers to prioritize infill development projects and transit- oriented development zones.

T 1.3 Based on the completed Complete Streets Assessment (existing Mobility program 6), the Complete Streets Inventory Baseline, and the 2020 Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan, develop a priority list of complete streets improvements such as retrofits, design standards, and green infrastructure that would accommodate walking, biking, transit use and carpooling. This effort should include a schedule for implementation, prioritization of improvements, identification of whether improvement will aid in walking, biking or transit access, and the plan should ensure equitable roll-out to low-income communities.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.4 Adopt and implement a micro-mobility policy that promotes ownership of micro-mobility devices, especially among lower income community members. Promote equitable access to charging facilities for electric micro-mobility devices.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.5 Continue to implement 2020 Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan goals of developing 153 new bicycle facilities and 32 miles of multi-use paths for pedestrians and cyclists.

29 To support achievement of the State’s GHG emissions reduction goals, California established the Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act. It requires regional metropolitan planning organizations in California to develop Sustainable Communities Strategies that align transportation, housing, and land use decisions towards achieving GHG emissions reductions.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

50 Action ID Action Description
Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.6 Evaluate and, if necessary, update the City's Zoning Code, Transportation Demand Management Plan (or Administrative Rule 2.26), and California Green Building Code to reflect current transportation demand management opportunities and to ensure the City requires sufficient bicycle parking for new commercial development and retrofits.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.7 Update and conduct Underused Rights-of-Way Study such that a community/business survey and evaluation is completed to understand community perspective on potential barriers to conversions and identify barrier solutions.

Consider having pilot programs (i.e., shutting down street lanes for specific events/periods of time) to demonstrate the advantages of proposed improvements.

Key Pillar: Structural Change/Feasibility Study
T 1.8 Identify streets for permanent through traffic closures to promote walking, biking, and other forms of active transportation.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.9 Identify areas of the City to remove parking and/or additional traffic lanes to prioritize outdoor seating and make permanent outdoor dining established during Covid 19.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 1.10 Prioritize active transportation and mobility projects in historically under-invested neighborhoods.

Key Pillar: Equity
T 1.11 Partner with schools, employers, transit agencies, Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (HARD), and community groups to teach bicycle and pedestrian safety in schools and workplaces and to educate residents and businesses about the health and environmental benefits of walking, bicycling, and using public transit.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Education
T 1.12 Partner with community organizations and local bike shops to provide rebates for low-income community members to purchase bicycles, helmets, pumps, e-bikes, e-scooters, and other related equipment. Work with community partners to provide incentives to promote bicycle, e-bike and e-scooter ownership.

Key Pillar: Partnership
T 1.13 Partner with community groups to obtain funding through the California Air Resources Board Car Sharing and Mobility Options program for a pilot bike-share program in low-income communities and to connect low-income communities with the E-Bike Purchase Incentive Program through CalBike.

Key Pillar: Equity/Funding
T 1.14 Ensure there is equitable access to safe bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure in all areas of the city.

Prioritize the development of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure in low-income communities where there is currently no or limited pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.

Key Pillar: Equity
T 1.15 Based on the identified barriers to completing the Complete Streets Evaluation including limited staff and fiscal resources, develop strategies to reduce or eliminate barriers, such as identifying staff to assign the Complete Streets Evaluation to.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
T 1.16 Devote staff time to managing, tracking and applying for grant funding to complete projects that would improve active transportation or mobility in the community.

Key Pillar: Funding
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 6,485 MT CO2e, 2045: 8,755 MT CO2e City Cost: High
Community Cost: Low
Transportation Sector Measures

Draft 51
Action ID Action Description
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Sustainable Land Use Planning, Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Measure T-2: Implement public and shared transit
programs to increase mode shift to public and shared
transit mode to 15% by 2030 and 30% by 2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure T-2 are
included in Table 18.

Table 18 Measure T-2 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 2.1 Continue to promote infill development and/or new development that is compact, mixed use, pedestrian friendly, and transit oriented.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 2.2 Adopt a policy or code into the Municipal code that establishes specific standards for new development of public space to be transit accessible and multi-functional by co-locating public facilities.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 2.3 Consistent with the Downtown Parking Management Plan and Downtown Specific Plan, adopt parking requirements into the Municipal code that are appropriate for a mixed-use, walkable, and transit- oriented district. Evaluate opportunities in the Downtown area to designate streets for transit only.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 2.4 Develop and adopt an ordinance requiring new multi-family development projects to install a car share or provide e-bikes/e-scooters to each new tenant.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 2.5 Evaluate and prioritize transit stops needing renovations that do not meet the adopted Pedestrian Design Standard for Transit Stop. Upgrade transit stops such that they include bicycle parking and shade trees or structures and are designed to promote use.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 2.6 Consistent with the intention of Senate Bill 10, allow developers to build housing without off-street parking if they’re close to frequent transit service.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 2.7 Through the adoption of an ordinance or incorporation into large commercial building codes, require all employers to develop a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan. TDM plans should include money-based incentives for employees to bike, walk, carpool, or take the bus to work. In alignment with BAAQMD requirement, large employers (more than 50 employees) shall subsidize biking, walking, or bus travel.

Key Pillar: Funding/Structural Change
T 2.8 Expand the Student Transit Pass Program (STPP), which provides free youth clipper cards with unlimited bus rides to middle and high schools students, to provide free AC transit to college students and low- income community members.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Equity
T 2.9 Collaborate and engage with AC Transit to understand how they are addressing the Innovative Clean Transit Rule and their plan to electrify their bus fleet.

Key Pillar: Partnership

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

52 Action ID Action Description
T 2.10 Dedicate staff time or create a staff position to pursue funding opportunities to implement planned City transit/TDM projects and programs and to support AC Transit in obtaining grant funding for region-wide service expansion.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 2.11 Conduct local transportation surveys to better understand the community’s needs and motivation for traveling by car versus other alternatives such as AC Transit or BART. Use survey results to inform policy development and education/outreach campaigns that are transit focused. Consistent with the previous CAP policy M-3 (Survey Transportation and Transit Gaps and Barriers) Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
T 2.12 Assess the feasibility and GHG reduction impact of banning cars in high-traffic zone(s) or on individual roads in the City where other transit options are available by implementing a congestion charge that applies to passenger cars and car-sharing services like Uber and Lyft with exceptions for handicap drivers and residents of those areas.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
T 2.13 Partner with AC Transit to conduct a study to determine transit priority corridors and prioritize infrastructure improvements in existing neighborhoods that enable people to better access and use public transit.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies/ Partnerships
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 7,585 MT CO2e, 2045: 25,092 MT CO2e City Cost: High
Community Cost: Low
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Sustainable Land Use Planning, Jobs Development Measure T-3: Develop disincentives for driving single
passenger vehicles to support the bicycle/pedestrian
and public transit mode share goals of Measures T-1
and T-2.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure T-3 are
included in Table 19.

Table 19 Measure T-3 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 3.1 Develop and adopt a Citywide Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan including strategies to reduce peak-hour traffic, such as staggered work hours, flexible schedule options, and telecommuting from home offices. Include updated policy incentives or disincentive options to achieve reductions in peak-hour traffic, reduce traffic congestions and promotes alternative transportation (biking, walking, and use of transit)
Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 3.2 Continue to require new development adopt transportation demand management strategies to reduce use of single occupancy vehicles and encourage the use of alternative modes of travel. Update

Transportation Sector Measures

Draft 53
Action ID Action Description
development requirements, ordinances, and/or building codes requiring TDM as part of new developments as part of enforcement.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

54 Action ID Action Description
T 3.3 Develop consistent standards for parking minimums and maximums across the city. Reduce parking minimums and parking maximums citywide, as improved active and public transit infrastructure becomes more available. Additionally, price all public parking spaces for all areas of the city based on available transportation options, travel demand, and land use.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 3.4 Evaluate parking pricing structures that would best work with the City of Hayward. Based on evaluation, implement dynamic parking pricing in downtown parking areas and earmark parking revenues to implement other active transportation and transit projects.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 3.5 Conduct an analysis of the potential community impacts and benefits of implementing disincentive-based policies for driving single passenger vehicles, including a congestion charge program, limiting parking options, increased local taxes (income tax, gasoline tax, or car registration tax), and Transportation Network Company (TNC) user taxes.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
T 3.6 Conduct engagement efforts for the general public and target low-income communities of color during analysis of the disincentive-based transportation policies to understand the community's potential concerns.

Key Pillar: Equity
T 3.7 Define equity metrics for implementation of disincentives based on feedback from local low-income communities of color and structure the disincentive programs to meet these metrics.

Key Pillar: Equity
T 3.8 Fund active and public transit programs through a local gasoline tax and/or through paid parking fees.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 3.9 Implement a Transportation Network Company (TNC) user tax which would put a small fee on the use of Uber and Lyft and generate funds to pay for transit and mobility infrastructure.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 3.10 Implement a gasoline/diesel car registration tax starting in 2028 with exemption criteria established for low-income residents.

Key Pillar: Funding/ Equity
T 3.11 Increase Broadband Internet Access. Add a program to encourage more working from home and reduce the need to travel for work.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: Supportive Measure & Actions City Cost: Low
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Sustainable Land Use Planning Transportation Sector Measures

Draft 55
Measure T-4: Increase passenger zero-emission
vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 15% by 2030 and 50% by
2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure T-4 are
included in Table 20.

Table 20 Measure T-4 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 4.1 Continue to enforce the Hayward EV Charger Reach Code requiring electric vehicle charging stations in new development projects.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 4.2 Work with Ava Community Energy to install 100 new publicly accessible EV chargers by 2030 through public private partnerships and on City owned properties.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 4.3 Continue to maintain a streamlined EV infrastructure permitting process and ordinance in accordance with AB 1236.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 4.4 Require that new private parking lots grant zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) access to preferred parking spaces.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 4.5 Coordinate with local agencies and community-based organizations, agencies, and non-profits to conduct zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) education events for residents and targeted events for low-income communities that would evaluate the barriers to ZEV adoption, include information on costs/benefits of owning ZEVs, steps on how to receive incentives for ZEVs, and other benefits.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 4.6 Explore opportunities with CARB, BAAQMD, or other agencies to start a purchase rebate program and provide higher trade-in value for combustion vehicles to assist lower-income households to purchase EVs.

Key Pillar: Education/Equity
T 4.7 Develop outreach and education materials and distribute to local businesses and organizations on the financial, environmental, and health and safety benefits of ZEVs. Provide information on available funding opportunities.

Key Pillar: Equity
T 4.8 Work with Ava Community Energy and PG&E to incentivize residential electric vehicle charger installations through on-bill financing.

Key Pillar: Education
T 4.9 Evaluate opportunities for EV or hydrogen charging infrastructure through State and utility programs, like LCFS or PG&E EV Fast Charge Program. Disseminate information via outreach and education materials.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 4.10 Partner with Ava Community Energy to aid in Ava’s survey of existing publicly accessible electric vehicle chargers and their locations and identify a prioritized list of locations in Hayward for new electric vehicle charging stations with particular consideration for equitable distribution of chargers to residents of multi- family homes, low-income people, people on a fixed income, and communities of color.

Key Pillar: Funding

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

56 Action ID Action Description
T 4.11 Support zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) car share companies in coming to the City. Coordinate with car share companies and community groups to develop an affordable, zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) car share to serve affordable housing and/or multifamily developments with a priority to target low-income communities of color.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study/Partnership
T 4.12 Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions and the Alameda County Transportation Commission to develop a connected network of ZEV car share.

Key Pillar: Partnership
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 16,014 MT CO2e, 2045: 88,718 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Jobs Development Measure T-5: Increase zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption by businesses to 10% by 2030 and 80% by 2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions associated with
implementation of Measure T-5 are included in Table 21.

Table 21 Measure T-5 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 5.1 Work with stakeholders to develop and implement a plan for City-supported accelerated fleet electrification. As part of the plan, identify opportunities for accelerated fleet electrification and promote ZEV/EV adoption within business fleets.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 5.2 Identify incentives for accelerated business fleet electrification and communicate that information to local businesses.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 5.3 Engage with local employers and business fleet owners in the City to identify opportunities for accelerated fleet conversion to ZEV/EV. Provide information on the requirements of the Advanced Clean Fleets rule and available funding sources for fleet replacements (e.g., LCFS, Clean Truck and Bus Voucher).

Key Pillar: Education
T 5.4 Develop and maintain a collaborative of stakeholders (e.g., local major employers, commercial business) to lead the creation of best practices and the pursuit of funding for ZEV/EV infrastructure as well as public and private zero-emission business vehicle fleets.

Key Pillar: Partnership
T 5.5 Conduct an inventory of business vehicle fleets in Hayward and identify employers and businesses subject to the Advanced Clean Fleets rule as well as those to target for accelerating ZEV/EV adoption.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 3,161 MT CO2e, 2045: 37,461 MT CO2e City Cost: Low
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Jobs Development

Transportation Sector Measures

Draft 57
Measure T-6: Transition 15% of off-road
equipment to zero-emission by 2030 and 80% by
2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs,
and specific quantitative GHG emissions
reductions associated with implementation of
Measure T-6 are included in Table 22.

Table 22 Measure T-6 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 6.1 Support and promote CARB’s regulations requiring most newly manufactured small off-road engines such as those found in leaf blowers, lawn mowers, and other equipment to be zero emission starting in Model Year 2024. Phase 2 of the regulations will be implemented in Model Year 2028, when the emission standards for generators and large pressure washers will be zero. In addition, work with Hayward Chamber of Commerce to disseminate information regarding the regulation to impacted businesses (e.g., lawn equipment dealers, commercial landscapers, construction companies) and promote transition of equipment sales and equipment use to electric alternatives.

Key Pillar: Education/Partnership
T 6.2 Develop and implement a plan to replace all City owned end-of-life off-road equipment with zero- emission equipment. Plan should include evaluation of current City-owned equipment, alternative low or zero-emission options, prioritize equipment to replace first (e.g., largest GHG emission reduction potential), and a timeline for replacements that align with goals and feasibility of replacement.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 6.3 Develop an Off-road Equipment Replacement Program and Outreach Campaign that provides information to contractors, residents, and fleet operators in Hayward regarding alternatives to fossil- fueled off-road equipment, public health and safety benefits of alternative equipment technology, and funding opportunities available (i.e., Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program [CORE], Zero-Emission Landscaping Equipment Incentive Programs).

Key Pillar: Education
T 6.4 Partner with BAAQMD to identify funding opportunities to encourage residents to replace gas-powered landscaping equipment and off-road engines with zero emission equipment.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 6.5 Partner with BAAQMD to develop a rebate and incentive program for upgrading off-road equipment and switching to biofuels.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
T 6.6 Conduct a study to assess the technological and economic feasibility of replacing the City-owned off- road equipment fleets.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
T 6.7 Conduct an inventory of major off-road equipment fleets in Hayward and identify fleets with highest decarbonization potential.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 4,312 MT CO2e, 2045: 22,542 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Environmental Quality & Ecosystem

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

58 Measure T-7: Increase municipal passenger zero-
emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 75% by 2030 and
100% by 2045 and decarbonize emergency and
heavy-duty vehicles as feasible.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure T-7 are
included in Table 23.

Table 23 Measure T-7 Actions
Action ID Action Description
T 7.1 Establish and adopt Zero-emission Fleet Conversion and Purchase Policy that requires new, and replacement municipal fleet vehicle purchases are EVs or ZEVs. The policy will also include a schedule for replacement of fleet vehicles to meet a 100% carbon neutral fleet by 2040. Key Pillar: Structural Change
T 7.2 Conduct feasibility and cost assessment to determine the number of EV/ZEV chargers and funds needed to support the fleet transition to 50% EV/ZEV by 2030. Expand EV/ZEV charging infrastructure for city fleet and employees in alignment with feasibility study.

Key Pillar: Structural Change/Feasibility Study
T 7.3 Secure funding from programs such as the California Air Resources Board's Clean Vehicle Rebate Project and the Clean Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program to increase procurement of EV or ZEV cars, trucks, and other vehicles and installation of EV/ZEV charging/fueling infrastructure at municipal facilities.

Key Pillar: Funding
T 7.4 Evaluate credit generation opportunities within the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program for ZEV/EV fueling and charging stations for the municipal fleet to offset cost of infrastructure development needed to support transition.

Key Pillar: Funding
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: Supportive Measure & Actions City Cost: High
Community Cost: Low
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety

Solid Waste Sector Measures

Draft 59
10 Solid Waste Sector Measures

10.1 Context
Sustainable solid waste management is a critical component to a healthy and inclusive community.

Hayward defines zero waste as an ongoing set of practices to conserve resources and protect humans and the environment by responsibly producing, consuming, reusing, and recovering food and goods. Striving toward zero waste can create climate benefits beyond Hayward’s borders and the measures in this section support Hayward’s overall goal of working toward zero waste of resources.

The City has a goal of attaining a 75 percent communitywide waste diversion from the landfill and is exploring adopting the Alameda County Waste Management Authority’s goal of eventual landfill obsolescence. Working toward zero waste requires two main strategies. First, maximizing waste diversion (including recycling and composting) and second, minimizing waste generation. Through Measure solid waste (SW)-1, the City will implement and enforce SB 1383 requirements to reduce communitywide landfilled organics 75 percent by 2025 and 90 percent by 2045. Measure SW-2 will ensure that City increases communitywide overall landfill diversion of waste to 75 percent by 2030 and 85 percent by 2045.

Less Waste to Landfill
Minimizing the amount of organic waste, including yard and food waste, sent to landfills will help the City achieve its climate goals because methane released from landfilled organic waste is the main source of waste related GHG emissions from the community. Actions for reducing organic waste to the landfill are already clearly defined by State requirements under SB 1383, which lay out specific programs, policies, and objectives for the City to support the State goal. Under SB 1383, cities are required to rescue edible food, divert organic waste from landfill, and procure compost and/or other materials from recycled organic waste.

To support this, Hayward also seeks to reduce inorganic waste (such as plastic, paper, and metal) going to landfill.

Waste Prevention
The best way to manage waste is to prevent it in the first place. This is because creating items and disposing of them as waste requires raw materials, time, energy, and other resources, which can all be conserved when waste is prevented. In addition, not all waste is reusable or recyclable, so the best way to keep it out of landfill as technologies develop is prevention.

The GHG emissions produced during the production and transportation of goods prior to their consumption are referred to as lifecycle emissions. Usually, these emissions exceed any emissions generated within Hayward from local waste disposal. While recycling and waste recovery play a role in preventing landfill accumulation, they do not tackle the lifecycle emissions and additional costs associated with material production.

To make progress towards zero waste and reduce GHG emissions as much as possible, Hayward will prioritize waste prevention so that waste can be eliminated at the source before management and disposal are necessary. Although actions that address inorganic waste will have a minimal impact City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

60 toward meeting Hayward’s communitywide GHG emissions reduction goals, reducing inorganic waste reduces the need for production and disposal of these materials. As a result, this will curtail the lifecycle emissions linked to the waste beyond Hayward’s borders.

10.2 Measures and Actions Detail
Measure SW-1: Implement and enforce SB 1383 requirements to reduce community-wide landfilled organics 75% by 2025 and 90% by 2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions associated with
implementation of Measure SW-1 are included in Table 24.

Table 24 Measure SW-1 Actions
Action ID Action Description
SW 1.1 Adopt procurement policies to comply with SB 1383 requirements for jurisdictions to purchase recovered organic waste products.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 1.2 Continue to implement exclusive hauling agreement with Waste Management of Alameda County (WMAC) that regulates haulers collecting organic waste, including collection program requirements and identification of organic waste receiving facilities.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 1.3 Continue to implement edible food recovery ordinance for edible food generators, food recovery services, or organizations that are required to comply with SB 1383. Ordinance requires all residential and commercial customers to subscribe to an organic waste collection program and/or report self-hauling or backhauling of organics.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 1.4 Implement enforcement and fee for incorrectly sorted materials with sensitivity to shared collection. Utilize funding to implement programs and efforts to increase communitywide organic waste diversion.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 1.5 Work with StopWaste to conduct targeted outreach with food recovery organizations, generators, haulers, facilities, and local agencies to promote strategies to implement requirements of SB 1383 Key Pillar: Education
SW 1.6 Encourage businesses to educate their employees about organic waste diversion and proper sorting annually by providing training resources and rebate programs to fund employee time for training.

Key Pillar: Education
SW 1.7 Partner with local community organizations, public agencies like StopWaste and businesses to implement all required activities under SB 1383.

Key Pillar: Partnership
SW 1.8 Provide free compost bins and kitchen-top food waste containers to low-income communities of colors and elderly households in order to increase compost participation. Evaluate opportunities to have a community compost hub that is easily accessible to disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Key Pillar: Equity
SW 1.9 Establish relationships with multi-family property owners/managers to develop signage for their properties. Present at Homeowner Associations in Hayward annually and provide supplies and education for proper sorting.

Key Pillar: Equity

Solid Waste Sector Measures

Draft 61
Action ID Action Description
SW 1.10 Establish an edible food recovery program to minimize food waste. Leverage CalRecycle supports projects that prevent food waste or rescue edible food. Partner with existing food pantries like CSUEB, South Hayward Parish to identify and advertise locations for surplus food to be taken in the community.

Key Pillar: Partnership
SW 1.11 Work with contracted hauler to:
▪ Provide quarterly route reviews to identify prohibited contaminants potentially found in containers that are collected along route.
▪ Clearly label all new containers indicating which materials are accepted in each container, and by January 1, 2024, place or replace labels on all containers. ▪ Develop and implement a comprehensive monitoring and quality control program with a focus on consumer behavior change.

Key Pillar: Partnership
SW 1.12 Work with local organizations, StopWaste, and investigate various funding/grant opportunities to fund edible food recovery organizations so they can expand and handle increased volume.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
SW 1.13 Partner with schools, retirement communities, and other large institutions to create waste diversion and prevention program/procedure/plan.

Key Pillar: Partnerships
SW 1.14 Partner with StopWaste to conduct a feasibility study and identify next steps to ensure edible food reuse infrastructure in Hayward is sufficient to accept capacity needed to recover 20% of edible food disposed of within Hayward.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies/Partnership
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 35,925 MT CO2e, 2045: 47,101 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Services, Jobs Development City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

62 Measure SW-2: Increase communitywide overall
landfill diversion of waste to 75% by 2030 and 85% by
2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure SW-2 in
Table 25.

Table 25 Measure SW-2 Actions
Action ID Action Description
SW 2.1 Continue to implement the Organics Reduction and Recycling Ordinance (ORRO) adopted in November 2021 in alignment with the Countywide ORRO ordinance. Support StopWaste and County Environmental Health in the enforcement of the ORRO within the City.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.2 Review recent circular economy bills signed by the governor (i.e., SB 343, AB 881, AB 1201, AB 962, AB 1276) and incorporate requirements into hauling agreements, and municipal codes for full-service restaurants and local manufacturing businesses.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.3 Continue to enforce the Hayward Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling Ordinance.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.4 Adopt a citywide Zero Waste Goal and develop a Zero Waste Strategic Plan to increase diversion from the landfill by 85% 2045.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.5 Create a requirement for large events to hire an event waste management team.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.6 Regularly evaluate and update new franchise agreement with Waste Management of Alameda County to meet SB 1383 requirements and to implement new components to further divert waste from landfills.

Work with WMAC to determine data necessary to meet zero waste goals and establish protocol for regular collection and reporting of associated metrics. Identify dedicated staff responsible for this.

Key Pillar: Partnership
SW 2.7 Require food service providers to implement a fee for single-use food ware.

Key Pillar: Structural Change/ Funding
SW 2.8 Partner with StopWaste to conduct targeted, multi-lingual, culturally appropriate, and geographically diverse waste prevention educational and technical assistance campaigns based on outcomes of a waste characterization study (WCS). Such as food waste prevention, edible food recovery strategies, proper storage, how to fix clothes/electronics, how to donate, reusable alternatives, effects of over consumption, sustainable consumption habits, buying second hand, buying durable, sharing, repurposing. Continue to conduct outreach regarding AB 1276 to full-service restaurants.

Key Pillar: Education/Equity
SW 2.9 Continue to work with StopWaste and haulers to monitor participation in residential recycling programs, create education materials for the community, provide technical assistance to business to implement mandatory recycling, and identify other opportunities and means to promote zero waste efforts.

Key Pillar: Partnership
SW 2.10 Work with StopWaste and the business community to design and promote extended producer responsibility such as take-back programs.

Key Pillar: Partnership

Solid Waste Sector Measures

Draft 63
Action ID Action Description
SW 2.11 Conduct a consumption-based GHG emissions inventory to understand the community’s worst consumption habits and emission reduction potential and provide educational materials on a closed-loop circular economy.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
SW 2.12 Work with local businesses to establish post-consumer recycled content requirements that meet SB 343 recyclability claims as part of their purchasing criteria.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.13 Partner with local organizations, schools, and libraries to establish pop-up repair cafes for commonly broken and easily repaired items. Partner with library to promote reuse by increasing accessibility to shared tools through a tool lending library.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Equity
SW 2.14 Based on existing StopWaste waste characterization studies and Litterati litter assessment, increase bans on "problem materials" (i.e., items without means of recycling or recycling markets, such as sale of polystyrene, plastic packaging, straws, plastics #4-7, mixed materials). Enforce the single-use plastic pre- checkout ban, by January 1, 2025, in alignment with SB 1046.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
SW 2.15 Explore funding opportunities to increase the circular food economy.

Key Pillar: Funding
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: Supportive Measure and Actions City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Moderate
Co-Benefits: Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Services,

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

64 11 Water and Wastewater Measures

11.1 Context
Water and wastewater infrastructure can be managed to reduce the energy needed to transport water and wastewater, and associated GHG emissions. Residential and commercial buildings use water both indoors for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and toilet flushing, and outdoors to irrigate landscaping and maintain pools and fountains. Water efficiency measures not only reduce the amount of water used but also reduce the amount of energy needed to convey, treat, and distribute water. Additionally, water consumption and wastewater generation are interconnected, therefore water conservation efforts will lead to decreases in wastewater generated, as less water is treated through the wastewater system. Water conservation efforts also have the added benefit of putting less pressure on water resources across California during times of drought and ensuring more long- term resilience of this vital resource. The CAP Update’s water and wastewater (WW) measures focus on reducing indirect electricity usage from water use and wastewater generation and do not directly address wastewater process emissions.

Water and Wastewater
While only a small part of the City’s GHG emissions, water conservation is an important aspect of a community’s overall sustainability. Through Measure WW-1, the City will reduce water consumption by 15 percent by 2030 and maintain it through 2045.

11.2 Measures and Actions Detail
Measure WW-1: Reduce water consumption by 15% by
2030 and maintain it through 2045.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions
associated with implementation of Measure WW-1 are
included in Table 26.

Table 26 Measure WW-1 Actions
Action ID Action Description
WW 1.1 Continue to implement the City’s Bay-Friendly Water Efficient Landscape ordinance applicable to all land use types to decrease water consumption.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
WW 1.2 Continue to implement and enforce the Water Conservation Standards within the Municipal Code via the Prohibition of Wasteful Water Practices Ordinance for households, businesses, industries, and public infrastructure.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
WW 1.3 Continue to implement rebate and water conservation device tracking system to track the number of rebates and water devices distributed.

Key Pillar: Structural Change

Water and Wastewater Measures

Draft 65
Action ID Action Description
WW 1.4 Continue to implement the Recycled Water Program which includes expanding facilities if necessary to deliver recycled water to additional customers, working with customers to complete site retrofits, connecting customers to the recycled water system, and ensuring customer deliveries.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
WW 1.5 Continue to offer water conservation programs to the community including educational programs like water education program for schools and water wise landscape classes as well as incentives like free water conserving deceives, and rebates for rain barrels and turf replacement.

Key Pillar: Education/Funding
WW 1.6 As part of the water conservation programs offered, implement a public education campaign that in addition to highlighting water conservation practices, with focus on low-income households with high utility bill burdens.

Key Pillar: Education/Equity
WW 1.7 Ensure that water conservation educational materials, programs and outreach efforts are in multiple languages and accessible for low-income or disadvantaged communities.

Key Pillar: Equity
WW 1.8 Perform targeted outreach to low-income communities and elderly households to provide free water conservation devices and aid disadvantaged community members in obtaining available rebates for water conservation devices.

Key Pillar: Equity
WW 1.9 Partner with programs such as Green House Call or other similar programs to support community members with installation of water saving devices with a particular focus of support for low-income, elderly, or disadvantaged elderly residents.

Key Pillar: Partnerships/Equity
WW 1.10 Continue to coordinate with commercial and industrial customers including the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District and the Hayward Unified School District to advance water recycling programs.

Key Pillar: Partnerships
WW 1.11 Develop a Recycled Water Master Plan to assess the feasibility of expanding the recycled water system and establish a roadmap for a recycled water expansion program. The plan will identify the locations available for recycled water use, the capacity needed to fully replace potable water use at identified locations and establish a schedule for potable water replacement with recycled water for appropriate applications.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Studies
WW 1.12 Promote the use of on‐site gray water and rainwater collection systems.

Key Pillar: Education
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 35 MT CO2e, 2045: 0 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Low
Co-Benefits: Climate Change Resilience, Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Services City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

66 12 Carbon Sequestration Measures

12.1 Context
A carbon neutral future includes leveraging the greenspace within the City to reduce GHG emissions. For example, greenspace – like trees and planted landscapes – can be expanded and maintained to remove carbon from the atmosphere through natural biological processes called carbon sequestration, helping to reduce GHG emissions in the City.

Carbon Sequestration
To achieve carbon neutrality in 2045, Hayward will reduce GHG emissions across all sectors to minimize emissions to nearly zero. However, due to limitations in technology and the length of time that it takes to normalize new low-carbon behaviors, it is expected that some GHG emissions will remain under the City’s jurisdiction in 2045. Therefore, a carbon-neutral future incorporates methods for carbon sequestration to offset residual GHG emissions. Carbon sequestration strategies include enhancing and converting green spaces, planting trees, composting, and removing carbon from the atmosphere. The City will increase carbon sequestration by planting 1,000 new trees annually through 2030 to sequester carbon and create urban shade to reduce heat island effect (Measure CS-1). Applying compost to the land boosts soil health and allows for microbes to further sequester carbon in the soil from photosynthesis. The City will increase sequestration by applying

0.08 tons of compost per capita annually in the community through 2030 (Measure CS-2). Carbon sequestration strategies will be increasingly important as other sector emissions are reduced, state guidance is developed, and technologies come online.

12.2 Measures and Actions Detail
Measure CS-1: Increase carbon sequestration by planting and maintaining 1,000 new trees annually through 2030 to sequester carbon and create urban shade to reduce heat island effect.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs, community costs, and specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions associated with
implementation of Measure CS-1 are included in Table 27.

Table 27 Measure CS-1 Actions
Action ID Action Description
CS 1.1 Update the Tree Preservation Ordinance by Q2 2024 to maintain existing carbon stock is maintained and that replacement trees that are climate resilient and drought tolerant for Hayward’s climate. Ordinance updates may include development requirements to protect or replace value-to-value existing trees and greenspace; and a requirement for a cash mitigation fee equal to the value of trees removed.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
CS 1.2 Develop and adopt an Urban Forest Management Plan that identifies: City’s potential capacity for new tree planting; timeframe and mechanism for implementation; a management plan for existing trees; and a tracking system to assess progress towards annual benchmark.

Carbon Sequestration Measures

Draft 67
Action ID Action Description
Key Pillar: Structural Change
CS 1.3 Identify and map public spaces that can be converted to green space, including freeway airspace that can be made into green space, vertical walls that can be planted with vines, and rooftops of public buildings that can be developed into gardens.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
CS 1.4 Partner with community groups to apply for community garden grants and develop new or expand existing community gardens based on the identified public spaces available for green space conversion.

Key Pillar: Partnership/Funding
CS 1.5 Adopt a standard policy and set of practices for expanding the urban tree canopy and placing vegetative barriers between busy roadways and developments to reduce exposure to air pollutants from traffic.

Key Pillar: Equity
CS 1.6 Conduct an urban canopy study to identify areas in Hayward that have below average canopy coverage and implement a tree planting program focusing on the least covered portions of the City. Establish a goal of having no significant difference in canopy coverage between high and low-income areas citywide by 2030.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study/Equity
CS 1.7 In addition, or as an expansion to the Adopt-a-Block Program, establish an adopt-a-tree or adopt-a-street program that is specific to further greening and tree planting. The program will enable individuals, businesses, and community organizations to plant and care for trees in selected communities. The program should provide formalized information on appropriate trees eligible for planting in Hayward (i.e., native, drought tolerant, locations).

Key Pillar: Education
CS 1.8 Dedicate staff time to obtaining grant funding for tree planting. Identify and apply for applicable federal (e.g., USDA) and state (e.g., California ReLeaf, Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program (AHSC), Urban and Community Forestry Program) grants for tree planting and maintenance projects.

Key Pillar: Funding
CS 1.9 Explore opportunities to fund the Urban Forest Management Program. Possibilities include use of general tax revenues, permit fees, or revenues from the municipal tree ordinance enforcement.

Key Pillar: Funding
CS 1.10 Establish a Tree Trust or Tree Endowment where the interest on the principal can be used for purchasing trees, paying for tree maintenance, or for staff resources for the Urban Forest Management Program.

Key Pillar: Funding
CS 1.11 Partner with private developers, CSUEB, Chabot College, HARD, HUSD, and other community-based organizations to support and contribute to the Urban Forest Management Program Key Pillar: Partnerships
CS 1.12 Establish alternative fee mechanisms, similar to the SF Carbon Fund, to fund nature-based solutions. By 2026, create permanent code and financial incentives for homeowners and other private landowners to preserve existing mature trees and shrubs and to plant local native species.

Key Pillar: Funding
CS 1.13 Identify existing greenbelts and the best locations for new greenbelts for wildfire defense and risk reduction. Incorporate these locations into comprehensive wildfire planning at regional, county, city, and community levels and in all municipal service reviews.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 212 MT CO2e, 2045: 743 MT CO2e City Cost: Moderate
Community Cost: Low
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Climate Change Resilience, Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Services City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

68 Measure CS-2: Increase carbon sequestration by applying

0.08 tons of compost per capita annually in the
community through 2030.

Actions, co-benefits, City costs community costs, and
specific quantitative GHG emissions reductions associated with implementation of Measure CS-2 are included in
Table 28.

Table 28 Measure CS-2 Actions
Action ID Action Description
CS 2.1 Enforce compliance with SB 1383 by establishing a minimum level of compost application per year on applicable/appropriate land throughout the City including City-owned land.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
CS 2.2 Adopt procurement policies to comply with SB 1383 requirements for jurisdictions to purchase recovered organic waste products.

Key Pillar: Structural Change
CS 2.3 Work with Hayward Area Recreation and Park District to develop and adopt urban park guidelines that:
1) Provide flexible solutions for developing urban parks in infill areas where traditional neighborhood and community parks are not feasible;
2) Establish guidelines for achieving the greatest carbon sequestration potential of parks via design; 3) Are equitable in ensuring such urban parks are accessible for lower-income residents while avoiding displacement, in alignment with the Parks Master Plan.

Key Pillar: Structural Change/ Equity
CS 2.4 Identify locations within Hayward to apply compost to help meet the procurement requirements of SB 1383.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study
CS 2.5 Work with StopWaste to provide residents, businesses, and developers with educational material on best practices for using compost in landscaping.

Key Pillar: Education
CS 2.6 Explore opportunities to use the parkland in-lieu fees from the updated City’s Property Developers - Obligations for Parks and Recreation Ordinance (Article 16 of City’s municipal code) to implement the Carbon Management Activities Program (NR 15).

Key Pillar: Funding
CS 2.7 Collaborate with Chabot College, CSUEB, and local schools to identify opportunities to apply compost to landscaping.

Key Pillar: Partnerships
CS 2.8 Work with Alameda County and StopWaste to identify opportunities for a regional compost procurement program to help meet the organics procurement provisions of SB 1383.

Key Pillar: Partnerships
CS 2.9 Work with the City’s franchisee under the new franchise agreement with Waste Management of Alameda County to provide compost throughout the community.

Key Pillar: Partnership
CS 2.10 Conduct a study to identify opportunities to enhance or create new natural areas in existing open spaces, parklands, and fields with native species, biodiverse ecology, higher carbon sequestration potential and improved recreational connectivity for the community.

Key Pillar: Feasibility Study

Carbon Sequestration Measures

Draft 69
Action ID Action Description
CS 2.11 Create and deliver a range of resources to train residents, city gardening staff, and other institutions on how to incorporate biodiversity, soil, and carbon sequestration techniques into landscaping and gardening projects.

Key Pillar: Education
Total GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure: 2030: 3,081 MT CO2e, 2045: 3,392 MT CO2e City Cost: Low
Community Cost: Low
Co-Benefits: Improved Public Health & Safety, Climate Change Resilience, Environmental Quality & Ecosystem Services

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

70 13 CAP Implementation

13.1 Tracking, Monitoring, and Reporting
The CAP serves as roadmap for Hayward to implement actions to achieve the 2030 GHG emission reduction target and make progress towards reaching carbon neutrality by 2045. The underlying assumptions and data informing this plan including adoption rates of measures and actions, the emergence of new or improved technologies, changes in costs of technology, legislative changes, and co-benefits will continue to change and evolve over time. As a result, the CAP shall serve as a strategic framework that will undergo regular re-evaluation.

The City maintains its dedication to the ongoing, incremental, and all-encompassing endeavor necessary for achieving the long-term climate targets specified in this CAP. The City will continue to engage the community, provide informative progress updates, and create ongoing opportunities to solicit and incorporate community feedback as policies and programs are developed and infrastructure is constructed. The City will report publicly on its progress towards its high-impact GHG reduction measures no less than every two years.

Continual monitoring and assessment of Hayward’s progress will be a vital aspect of the ongoing communitywide efforts to reduce GHG emissions The City will regularly conduct communitywide GHG emissions inventories on a routine basis in alignment with GHG standard protocols and climate commitments,30 but no less than every three years. If the City’s 2025 GHG emissions reductions are on track to reach the 2030 targets, it is anticipated that no additional CAP measure adjustments would be necessary.

Table 29 outlines the implementation
timeframe of each CAP action and the City
department(s) responsible for leading the
implementation and monitoring.

30 Global Covenant of Mayors current guidance is to conduct GHG inventory updates every two years: globalcovenantofmayors.org

CAP Implementation

Draft 71
Table 29 CAP Update Implementation and Monitoring
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
Measure BE-1 Continue the all-electric requirement for new residential construction. Adopt an all-electric requirement for new non-residential construction to take effect by 2026.

BE-1.1 Structural Change Continue to enforce the adopted Hayward Electrification Ordinance for new residential buildings banning natural gas.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Starts 2023-
complete by
end of 2025
BE-1.2 Structural Change Adopt an ordinance, reach code, or zero NOx threshold, effective January 1, 2026, that establishes mandatory requirements that all newly constructed buildings avoid natural gas use by 2026.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Starts 2026
BE-1.3 Education/Funding Compile case studies conducted by BayREN, the Building Decarbonization Coalition and other relevant sources that show cost effective strategies for electric buildings by prototype and detail the cost savings associated with all-electric construction. Share the information on the City’s website.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024-2025
BE-1.4 Education/
Partnership
Partner with BayREN to provide/share technical resources, including hosting workforce development training for installers, local contractors, and building owners/operators, to discuss benefits and technical requirements of electrification within Hayward. Promote the cost savings, environmental benefits, and versatility of electrification to builders, property owners, and contractors on the City website and at the City permit counters.

City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024
BE-1.5 Partnerships/Equit
y
Engage with stakeholders, both internal stakeholders, such as City staff and officials, and external stakeholders, such as local developers and community groups regarding the purpose and impact of the Hayward Electrification Reach Code and to identify equity concerns.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024-2025
BE-1.6 Partnership Engage with an organization such as Building Decarbonization Coalition to work with local building industry stakeholders in educating developers and other stakeholders on new appliances and approaches to building electrification.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024
BE-1.7 Feasibility Studies Partner with Ava Community Energy to conduct an electrification infrastructure and capacity feasibility study to identify expected increases in electricity demand due to building and vehicle electrification, ensure capacity to meet that demand, and identify any infrastructure improvements.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2023-2025
BE-1.8 Feasibility Studies Utilize the Low Carbon Concrete Code Amendment Toolkit and review current best practices to develop implementation strategies, compliance forms, and specifications for compliant mixes.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2025
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

72 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe BE-1.9 Education Promote the use of low carbon concrete in construction projects (residential and commercial).

Coordinate with the California Air Resources Board as they develop rules and guidance pursuant to AB2446.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
Measure BE -2 Electrify existing single-family residential buildings in order to achieve 100 therms/person/year by 2030 and 0 therms/person in 2045.

BE-2.1 Structural Change Once costs and funding/financing options are identified (BE-2.5), adopt a decarbonization ordinance for existing single-family residential buildings by 2026 that, based on legislative feasibility, establishes mandatory requirements that eliminates expansion of natural gas infrastructure, and requires appliances, upon replacement, to be decarbonized where technologically feasible and cost effective.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2025-2026
BE-2.2 Structural Change Adopt an ordinance requiring existing single-family homes to be 100% all-electric by 2045. Development Services – Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2030
BE-2.3 Structural Charge Adopt a time of retrofit ordinance that requires all buildings with retrofit work who meet a certain threshold, to complete energy efficiency/electrification actions. To be part of reach code to take effect January 2026.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
BE-2.4 Structural Change/
Partnership
Work with community stakeholders including realtors and contractors to develop electrification readiness requirements to be completed within 120 days of completion of a home sale. Include a potential waiver process for distressed sales.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2027
BE-2.5 Feasibility Studies Develop a single-family residential building electrification feasibility study with a detailed existing building analysis and electrification costs analysis to understand cost implications, identify potential equity concerns/impacts, and develop strategies to electrify existing buildings such that natural gas usage in single-family residential buildings is reduced by 10% by 2030.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024
BE-2.6 Partnership Support BAAQMD’s efforts to require zero-NOx furnaces and water heaters at time of replacement with compliant technologies such as electric heat pumps. Advocate that BAAQMD ensure discounted electric appliances are offered to lower income households and upfront rebates are available.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
City Manager’s Office –
Housing Division
2024
BE-2.7 Partnership/
Education
Partner with BayREN, Ava Community Energy and StopWaste to work with the local contractors, realtors, homeowner associations, and labor unions to develop a comprehensive building code and compliance training program, including hosting workforce development trainings discussing the benefits and technical requirements of electrification.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start planning
in 2024 and
begin
implementation
in 2025
CAP Implementation

Draft 73
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
BE-2.8 Education Conduct engagement efforts for the general public and targeted to low-income communities of color during development of the electrification strategy to understand the community's concerns around electrification.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2023
and ongoing
BE-2.9 Equity Partner with Hayward Below Market Rate (BMR) housing stock owners (such as Eden Housing) to commit to electrifying all BMR housing by 2045. Establish a plan, financing strategies, and schedule for implementing this action by 2026
Public Works –
Environmental Services
City Manager’s Office –
Housing Division
2026-2030
BE-2.10 Equity Identify and partner with local community-based organizations with connections to low-income communities of color to assist in development of the electrification strategy Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2023
and ongoing
BE-2.11 Partnership/
Funding
Devote staff time to collaborate with PG&E, Ava Community Energy, and other cities in the region to advocate for regulatory changes at the State level (e.g., CARB) to allow neighborhood level electrification and pruning of natural gas to reduce the change of stranded asset, provide potential funding, and establish and efficient transition to carbon neutral buildings.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2026
and ongoing
BE-2.12 Partnership/
Funding
Work with Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), and Ava Community Energy to conduct a feasibility study assessing the cost and funding strategy for incentivizing all-electric retrofits through on-bill financing.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2025
BE-2.13 Equity Review incentives, rebates, and financing options for procedural equity and ensure that existing and updated incentive programs are being equitably distributed to the community. Hurdles to equitable implementation could include credit checks, excessive procedural hurdles and lack of targeted outreach.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2025
BE-2.14 Partnerships Partner with a financing/management company such as BlocPower to provide electrification services and financing to the community with prioritization of historically under-invested communities.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024
Measure BE-3 Decarbonize existing commercial and multi-family buildings in order to achieve 53 therms per service person in 2030 and 0 therms per service person in 2045.

BE-3.1 Structural Change Based on the results of the feasibility studies (BE- 3.4) adopt a decarbonization ordinance for existing commercial buildings by 2026 that, based on legislative feasibility, establishes mandatory requirements that eliminates expansion of natural gas infrastructure and requires appliances, upon replacement, to be decarbonized where technologically feasible and cost effective. As part of this ordinance, implement the following steps:

1. Develop requirements that satisfy the federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) seven criteria for an exemption from preemption;

2. Establish specific metrics for standard benchmarking;

3. Identify a regulatory mechanism for eliminating natural gas use in existing commercial buildings that addresses legal and feasibility considerations; and

4. Enforce requirement compliance through the same permitting compliance program as for residential building electrification.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
BE-3.2 Structural Change Based on the results of the feasibility studies (BE- 3.4) adopt a decarbonization ordinance for existing multi-family buildings by 2026 that, based on legislative feasibility, establishes mandatory Development Services –
Code Enforcement
2026
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

74 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe requirements that eliminates expansion of natural gas infrastructure and requires appliances, upon replacement, to be decarbonized where technologically feasible and cost effective. As part of this ordinance, implement the following steps:

1. Develop requirements that satisfy the federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) seven criteria for an exemption from preemption;

2. Establish specific metrics for standard benchmarking;

3. Identify a regulatory mechanism for eliminating natural gas use in existing commercial buildings that addresses legal and feasibility considerations; and

4. Enforce requirement compliance through the same permitting compliance program as for residential building electrification.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
BE-3.3 Structural Change Adopt a Commercial Energy Performance Assessment and Disclosure Ordinance for commercial and multi-family buildings, which requires energy use disclosure consistent with State law (AB 1103) and the use of the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
BE-3.4 Feasibility Studies Conduct feasibility studies to identify commercial and multi-family building decarbonization barriers and develop a commercial and multi-family building decarbonization strategy with analysis supporting future adoption of a commercial and multi-family building decarbonization ordinance.

Development Services –
Code Enforcement
Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
BE-3.5 Education/
Partnership
Partner with an electrification/efficiency expert to provide guidance to commercial buildings covered by the building performance standard.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2025
BE-3.6 Education Develop an education campaign to promote commercial electrification and include items in the program such as:
▪ Continue to engage with local business and business organizations (e.g., Chamber of Commerce, the Alameda County Green Business Program) to inform and facilitate electrification for commercial business owners.
▪ Continue to promote the use of the Energy Star Portfolio Manager program and energy benchmarking training programs for nonresidential building owners. ▪ Advertise via utility bill inserts the incentive programs or grants available and the cost benefits of electric appliances.
▪ Targeted outreach to builders, developers, local contractors, and property managers with an informational brochure describing the financial benefits of replacing natural gas appliances with all electric appliances when they apply for permits.
▪ Provide informational webinars and an updated website to advertise and promote All-Electric Building Initiative rebates and incentives.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
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Draft 75
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
BE-3.7 Equity Conduct outreach to small businesses and minority-owned businesses to understand potential equity impacts of a decarbonization policy as part of the existing building decarbonization study.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2024
through 2025
BE-3.8 Funding Conduct feasibility study to evaluate the current uptake and effectiveness of Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing for installation of renewable energy systems in commercial and industrial properties. If feasibility study indicates effectiveness, continue to offer PACE financing for commercial and industrial properties to install renewable energy systems.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024
BE-3.9 Partnerships Continue to work with Bay Area Regional Energy Network (BayREN), Ava Community Energy, and StopWaste to continue to improve and implement commercial electrification rebates and financing opportunities and other offered incentives.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2023
and ongoing
Measure BE-4: Support Ava Community Energy in providing 100% carbon-free electricity by 2030 BE-4.1 Structural Change Adopt a resolution establishing a policy that if Ava Community Energy does not meet the 2030 goal of its entire portfolio being 100% carbon-free, all Hayward customers will be enrolled in Renewable 100 by 2030. Resolution should include identification of funding or subsidies to ensure no cost increase to CARE/FERA customers. This may include subsidization cost to CARE/FERA customers to be funded by a rate increase for non-discounted customers.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2028,
adopt and
implement
before 2030
BE-4.2 Education Engage with community (residential and non-residential) to advertise/highlight Ava Community Energy’s plan to provide 100% carbon-free electricity by 2030. Provide information on the importance of this goal and the impact of buying electricity from Ava Community Energy.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2028
BE-4.3 Equity In collaboration with Ava Community Energy, implement a pilot program to provide Hayward’s affordable housing units Ava Community Energy’s Renewable 100 service. Identify funding options with Ava Community Energy such as subsidies funded by non-discounted customers or grant funding.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
City Manager’s Office –
Housing Division
Start in 2027,
implementation
in 2028
BE-4.4 Feasibility Studies Work with Ava Community Energy to conduct an annual analysis of opt-out rates in the City of Hayward to understand why residents and businesses opt out of Ava Community Energy or opt-down to Bright Choice over Renewable 100.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Start in 2023
and ongoing
Measure BE-5 Continue to promote energy efficiency improvement, in alignment with the 2014 Climate Action Plan BE-5.1 Structural Change Continue to promote the efficient use of energy in the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of public and private facilities, infrastructure, and equipment.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Ongoing
BE-5.2 Partnership/Educat
ion
Continue to collaborate with partner agencies, utility providers, and the business community to support a range of energy efficiency, conservation, and waste reduction measures, including the development of green buildings and infrastructure, weatherization programs, installation of energy- efficient appliances and equipment in homes and offices, promotion of energy efficiency retrofit programs, use of green power options, and heightened awareness of the benefits of energy efficiency and conservation issues.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2025 and
ongoing
BE-5.3 Partnership/Fundin
g
Continue to collaborate with regional entities and others to promote incentive programs for energy efficiency retrofits such as the Energy Upgrade California program for residential properties.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2024 and
ongoing
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

76 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe BE-5.4 Structural Change Continue to promote the use of the Energy Star Portfolio Manager program and energy benchmarking training programs for nonresidential building owners.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Ongoing
BE-5.5 Equity/Funding Obtain and prioritize funding for the weatherization program specifically for low, very low, and low- income homeowners, landlords, and renters, to make energy efficiency improvement and improve health and safety of residences.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2026
Measure BE-6 Generate carbon-neutral electricity on City facilities meeting 80% of the municipal electricity needs by 2030.

BE-6.1 Structural Change Obtain battery storage in City buildings and critical facilities, including community-based resilience hubs, identified to need power during emergencies or power outages.

Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
2025
BE-6.2 Partnership/
Feasibility Study
Develop partnerships with organizations, such as the Urban Sustainability Directors Network (USDN) or California Resilience Partnership (CRP), to conduct a feasibility study to identify locations for community resilience hubs within the City, identify grant opportunities, and to develop a plan to implement resilience hubs.

Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2027
BE-6.3 Structural Change Conduct analysis on risks and benefits associated with relying on battery storage to achieve carbon neutral electricity and grid resiliency goals in the City and set a MW capacity goal for installed battery storage by 2030 and 2045.

Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2026
BE-6.4 Equity Formally include City facilities that serve as cooling centers to disadvantaged communities in the Energy Assurance Plan (Community Safety program 13) and develop and implement energy resiliency strategies like on-site renewable energy generation or energy storage to ensure center remains active even in power shortages.

Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2024
BE-6.5 Feasibility Study As part of Energy Assurance Plan (Community Safety program 13), include identifications of locations or complexes (i.e., City facilities, college campuses, critical facilities) in the City for installation of local renewable energy generation, energy storage projects, and/or ideal locations for development of a micro-grid as evaluated in Ava Community Energy feasibility study.

Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2025
BE-6.6 Feasibility Study Develop the study estimating renewable energy generation on City facilities and schedule for implementing the prioritized solar projects identified. The plan should include an identification of Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
2025
CAP Implementation

Draft 77
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
barriers and needs for implementation of the prioritized projects as well as identify funding sources and partnerships needed for successful implementation.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

78 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe BE-6.7 Partnership Partner with PG&E and/or Ava Community Energy to ensure smooth integration of renewable energy systems from the identified prioritized projects or other individual solar projects into the grid.

Maintenance Services
Department – Facility
Management
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2026
BE-6.8 Funding/Education Identify and advertise incentives available for the community members for installing solar on homes such as Net Metering Programs through PG&E for bill credits, or the Disadvantaged Communities- single-family Solar Homes (DAC_SASH) program. Identify incentives available for businesses and homeowners to install energy storage systems, such as Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) and Equity Resiliency rebates that provides an upfront rebate for battery storage and/or the federal investment tax credit for solar batteries installed. Provide resource information to the community through websites, workshops, and partnerships.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2025
BE-6.9 Funding /Equity Partner with affordable housing providers to conduct a feasibility analysis of battery storage and solar projects at the affordable housing in Hayward that are eligible for Equity Resilience Incentives under the SGIP Program.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
City Manager’s Office –
Housing Division
2027
BE-6.10 Funding/Partnershi
p
Determine opportunities for the Water Pollution Control Facility to expand existing biogas (i.e., methane) capturing and utilization as part of the Biosolids Master Plan currently underway. The Master Plan document will plan for and phase in improvements for utilizing biogas for the next 20-years including potentially expanding the existing cogeneration facility to produce more energy, or possibly converting to renewable natural gas for pipeline injection off-setting the need to purchase non-renewable natural gas. This master plan is consistent with General Plan policy PFS-4.12 to develop, enhance and maintain clean, green and renewable energy systems at the Water Pollution Control Facility (WPCF).

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2024
BE-6.11 Education Provide educational materials and workshops to large commercial developers and large business property owners of the benefits of microgrids and energy resiliency. Provide resources to identify opportunities for solar installations and/or battery storage on site.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
2027
BE-6.12 Feasibility Study Prepare a plan to facilitate the transition of natural gas appliances to electric in City Facilities. Plan should include an inventory of appliances available for replacement, identify cost where possible, and establish a timeline for replacement.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Department
2024
CAP Implementation

Draft 79
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
Measure T-1 Increase active transportation mode share to 15% by 2030 and to 20% by 2045.

T-1.1 Structural Change Amend the Off-Street Parking Regulation of Municipal Code to incorporate smart growth principles and to incentivize walking, biking, and public transit.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
T-1.2 Structural Change In support of the General Plan and City land-use policies, maximize infill development, increase land- use and transit efficiencies to support the regional Sustainable Communities Strategy and promote a jobs-housing match. WIin addition, work with developers to prioritize infill development projects and transit-oriented development zones.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
Division
2027
T-1.3 Structural Change Based on the completed Complete Streets Assessment, the Complete Streets Inventory Baseline, and the 2020 Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan, develop a priority list of complete streets improvements such as retrofits, design standards, and green infrastructure that would accommodate walking, biking, transit use and carpooling. This effort should include a schedule for implementation, prioritization of improvements, identification of whether improvement will aid in walking, biking or transit access, and the plan should ensure equitable roll-out to low-income communities.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Engineering Division
2027
T-1.4 Structural Change Adopt and implement a micro-mobility policy that promotes ownership of micro-mobility devices, especially among lower income community members. Promote equitable access to charging facilities for electric micro-mobility devices.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-1.5 Structural Change Continue to implement 2020 Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan goals of developing 153 new bicycle facilities and 32 miles of multi-use paths for pedestrians and cyclists.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-1.6 Structural Change Evaluate and, if necessary, update the City's Zoning Code, Transportation Demand Management Plan (or Administrative Rule 2.26), and California Green Building Code to reflect current transportation demand management opportunities and ensure the City requires sufficient bicycle parking for new commercial development and retrofits.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2027
T-1.7 Structural Change/
Feasibility Study
Update and conduct Underused Rights-of-Way Study such that a community/business survey and evaluation is completed to understand community perspective on potential barriers to conversions and identify barrier solutions.

Based on findings, convert recommended amount miles of under used roadways thoroughfare to active transportation corridors to create a connected environment City (i.e., downtown areas). As part of the program, launch a public campaign to gain public and business support to ensure success of such efforts. Consider having pilot programs (i.e., shutting down street lanes for specific events/periods of time) to demonstrate the advantages of proposed improvements.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
T-1.8 Structural Change Identify streets for permanent through traffic closures to promote walking, biking, and other forms of active transportation.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
T-1.9 Structural Change Identify areas of the City to remove parking and/or additional traffic lanes to prioritize outdoor seating and make permanent outdoor dining established during Covid 19.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2024
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

80 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe T-1.10 Equity Prioritize active transportation and mobility projects in historically under-invested neighborhoods. Public Works – Transportation Division
2024 and
ongoing
T-1.11 Partnership/
Education
Partner with schools, employers, transit agencies, Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (HARD), and community groups to teach bicycle and pedestrian safety in schools and workplaces and to educate residents and businesses about the health and environmental benefits of walking, bicycling, and using public transit.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2028
T-1.12 Partnership Partner with community organizations and local bike shops to provide rebates for low-income community members to purchase bicycles, helmets, pumps, e-bikes, e-scooters, and other related equipment. Work with community partners to provide incentives to promote bicycle, e-bike and e- scooter ownership.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office -
Economic Development
2025
T-1.13 Equity/Funding Partner with community groups to obtain funding through the California Air Resources Board Car Sharing and mobility Options program for a pilot bike-share program in low-income communities and to connect low-income communities with the E-Bike Purchase Incentive Program through CalBike.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office -
Economic Development
2025
T-1.14 Equity Ensure there is equitable access to safe bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure in all areas of the city.

Prioritize the development of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure in low-income communities where there is currently no or limited pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure Public Works –
Transportation Division
2024
T-1.15 Feasibility Studies Based on the identified barriers to completing the Complete Streets Evaluation including limited staff and fiscal resources, develop strategies to reduce or eliminate barriers, such as identifying staff to assign the Complete Streets Evaluation to.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
T-1.16 Funding Devote staff time to managing, tracking and applying for grant funding to complete projects that would improve active transportation or mobility in the community.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office -
Economic Development
2024 and
ongoing
Measure T-2 Implement public and shared transit programs to increase mode shift to public and shared transit mode to 15% by 2030 and 30% by 2045.

T-2.1 Structural Change Continue to promote infill development and/or new development that is compact, mixed use, pedestrian friendly, and transit oriented.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-2.2 Structural Change Adopt a policy or code into the Municipal code that establishes specific standards for new development of public space to be transit accessible and multi-functional by co-locating public facilities.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2030
T-2.3 Structural Change Consistent with the Downtown Parking Management Plan and Downtown Specific Plan, adopt parking requirements into the Municipal code that are appropriate for a mixed-use, walkable, and transit-oriented district. Evaluate opportunities in the Downtown area to designate streets for transit only.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2025
CAP Implementation

Draft 81
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
T-2.4 Structural Change Develop and adopt an ordinance requiring new multi-family development projects to install a car share or provide e-bikes/e-scooters to each new tenant.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2029
T-2.5 Structural Change Evaluate and prioritize transit stops needing renovations that do not meet the adopted Pedestrian Design Standard for Transit Stop. Upgrade transit stops such that they include bicycle parking and shade trees or structures and are designed to promote use.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2028
T-2.6 Structural Change Consistent with the intention of Senate Bill 10, allow developers to build housing without off-street parking if they’re close to frequent transit service.

City Manager’s Office –
Housing Division
Public Works –
Transportation Division
2024
T-2.7 Funding/Structural Through the adoption of an ordinance or incorporation into large commercial building codes, require all employers to develop a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan. TDM plans should include money-based incentives for employees to bike, walk, carpool, or take the bus to work. In alignment with BAAQMD requirement, require large employers (more than 50 employees) to subsidize biking, walking, or bus travel.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2025
T-2.8 Partnership/Equity Expand the Student Transit Pass Program (STPP), which provides free youth clipper cards with unlimited bus rides to middle and high schools students, to provide free AC transit to college students and low-income community members.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2025
T-2.9 Partnership Collaborate and engage with AC Transit to understand how they are addressing the Innovative Clean Transit Rule and their plan to electrify their bus fleet.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2024
T-2.10 Funding Dedicate staff time or create a staff position to pursue funding opportunities to implement planned City transit/TDM projects and programs and to support AC Transit in obtaining grant funding for region-wide service expansion.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2024
T-2.11 Feasibility Study Conduct local transportation surveys to better understand the community’s needs and motivation for traveling by car versus other alternatives such as AC Transit or BART. Use survey results to inform policy development and education/outreach campaigns that are transit focused. Consistent with the previous CAP policy M-3 (Survey Transportation and Transit Gaps and Barriers) Public Works –
Transportation Division
2025
T-2.12 Feasibility Study Assess the feasibility and GHG reduction impact of banning cars in high-traffic zone(s) or on individual roads in the City where other transit options are available by implementing a congestion charge that applies to passenger cars and car-sharing services like Uber and Lyft with exceptions for handicap drivers and residents of those areas.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2029
T-2.13 Feasibility Studies/
Partnerships
Partner with AC Transit to conduct a study to determine transit priority corridors and prioritize infrastructure improvements in existing neighborhoods that enable people to better access and use public transit
Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

82 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe Measure T-3 Develop disincentives for driving single passenger vehicles to support the bicycle/pedestrian and public transit mode share goals of Measures T-1 and T-2.

T-3.1 Structural Change Develop and adopt a Citywide Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan including strategies to reduce peak-hour traffic, such as staggered work hours, flexible schedule options, and telecommuting from home offices. Include updated policy incentives or disincentive options to achieve reductions in peak-hour traffic, reduce traffic congestions and promotes alternative transportation (biking, walking, and use of transit)
Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2024
T-3.2 Structural Change Continue to require new development adopt transportation demand management strategies to reduce use of single occupancy vehicles and encourage the use of alternative modes of travel.

Update development requirements, ordinances, and/or building codes requiring TDM as part of new developments as part of enforcement.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-3.3 Structural Change Develop consistent standards for parking minimums and maximums across the city. Reduce parking minimums and parking maximums citywide, as improved active and public transit infrastructure becomes more available. Additionally, price all public parking spaces for all areas of the city based on available transportation options, travel demand, and land use.

Development Services –
Planning Division
Public Works –
Transportation Division

2027
T-3.4 Feasibility Study/
Funding
Evaluate parking pricing structures that would best work with the City of Hayward. Based on evaluation, implement dynamic parking pricing in downtown parking areas and earmark parking revenues to implement other active transportation and transit projects.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2029
T-3.5 Feasibility Study Conduct an analysis of the potential community impacts and benefits of implementing disincentive- based policies for driving single passenger vehicles, including a congestion charge program, limiting parking options, increased local taxes (income tax, gasoline tax, or car registration tax), and Transportation Network Company (TNC) user taxes.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2029
T-3.6 Equity Conduct engagement efforts for the general public and targeted to low-income communities of color during analysis of the disincentive-based transportation policies to understand the community's potential concerns
Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
T-3.7 Equity Define equity metrics for implementation of disincentives based on feedback from local low-income communities of color and structure the disincentive programs to meet these metrics Public Works –
Transportation Division
2026
T-3.8 Funding Fund active and public transit programs through a local gasoline tax and/or through paid parking fees.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2029
T-3.9 Funding Implement a Transportation Network Company (TNC) user tax which would put a small fee on the use of Uber and Lyft and generate funds to pay for transit and mobility infrastructure.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2029
CAP Implementation

Draft 83
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
T-3.10 Funding/ Equity Implement a gasoline/diesel car registration tax starting in 2028 with exemption criteria established for low-income residents.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
2028
T-3.11 Structural Change Increase Broadband Internet Access. Add a program to encourage more working from home and reducing the need to travel for work.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
City Manager’s Office –
Community Services
Division
2026
Measure T-4 Increase passenger zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 15% by 2030 and 50% by 2045 T-4.1 Structural Change Continue to enforce the Hayward EV Charger Reach Code requiring electric vehicle charging stations in new development projects.

Development Services –
Planning Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division

2023 and
ongoing
T-4.2 Structural Change Work with Ava Community Energy to install 100 new publicly accessible EV chargers by 2030 through public private partnerships and on City owned properties.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division

2023 and
ongoing
T-4.3 Structural Change Continue to maintain a streamlined EV infrastructure permitting process and ordinance in accordance with AB 1236.

Development Services –
Building Division

2023 and
ongoing
T-4.4 Structural Change Require that new private parking lots grant zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) access to preferred parking spaces.

Development Services –
Planning Division

2028
T-4.5 Structural Change Coordinate with local agencies and community-based organizations, agencies, and non-profits to conduct zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) education events for residents and targeted events for low- income communities that would evaluate the barriers to ZEV adoption, include information on costs/benefits of owning ZEVs, steps on how to receive incentives for ZEVs, and other benefits.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025 and
ongoing
T-4.6 Education/Equity Explore opportunities with CARB, BAAQMD, or other agencies to start a purchase rebate program and provide higher trade-in value for combustion vehicles to assist lower-income households to purchase EVs.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
2025
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

84 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
T-4.7 Equity Develop outreach and education materials and distribute to local businesses and organizations on the financial, environmental, and health and safety benefits of ZEVs. Provide information on available funding opportunities.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2028
T-4.8 Education Work with Ava Community Energy and PG&E to incentivize residential electric vehicle charger installations through on-bill financing
Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works – Utilities
Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2028
T-4.9 Funding Evaluate opportunities for EV or hydrogen charging infrastructure through State and utility programs, like LCFS or PG&E EV Fast Charge Program. Disseminate information via outreach and education materials.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works – Utilities
Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025 and
ongoing
T-4.10 Funding Partner with Ava Community Energy to aid in Ava Community Energy’s survey of existing publicly accessible electric vehicle chargers and their locations and identify a prioritized list of locations in Hayward for new electric vehicle charging stations with particular consideration for equitable distribution of chargers to residents of multi-family homes, low-income people, people on a fixed income, and communities of color.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-4.11 Feasibility
Study/Partnership
Support zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) car share companies in coming to the City. Coordinate with car share companies and community-groups to develop an affordable, zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) car share to serve affordable housing and/or multifamily developments with a priority to target low- income communities of color.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026-2030
T-4.12 Partnership Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions and the Alameda County Transportation Commission to develop a connected network of ZEV car share.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2029
CAP Implementation

Draft 85
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
Measure T-5 Increase zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption by businesses to 10% by 2030 and 80% by 2045.

T-5.1 Structural Change Work with stakeholders to develop and implement a plan for City-supported accelerated fleet electrification. As part of the plan, identify opportunities for accelerated fleet electrification and promote ZEV/EV adoption within business fleets.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2028
T-5.2 Funding Identify incentives for accelerated business fleet electrification and communicate that information to local businesses.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026
T-5.3 Education Engage with local employers and business fleet owners in the City to identify opportunities for accelerated fleet conversion to ZEV/EV. Provide information on the requirements of the Advanced Clean Fleets rule and available funding sources for fleet replacements (e.g., LCFS, Clean Truck and Bus Voucher).

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026
T-5.4 Partnership Develop and maintain a collaborative of stakeholders (e.g., local major employers, commercial business) to lead the creation of best practices and the pursuit of funding for ZEV/EV infrastructure as well as public and private zero-emission business vehicle fleets.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026
T-5.5 Feasibility Studies Conduct an inventory of business vehicle fleets in Hayward and identify employers and businesses subject to the Advanced Clean Fleets rule as well as those to target for accelerating ZEV/EV adoption.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2029
Measure T-6 Transition 15% of off-road equipment to zero-emission by 2030 and 80% by 2045 T-6.1 Structural Change Support and promote CARB’s regulations requiring most newly manufactured small off-road engines such as those found in leaf blowers, lawn mowers, and other equipment to be zero emission starting in Model Year 2024. Phase 2 of the regulations will be implemented in Model Year 2028, when the emission standards for generators and large pressure washers will be zero.

In addition, work with Hayward Chamber of Commerce to disseminate information regarding the regulation to impacted businesses (e.g., lawn equipment dealers, commercial landscapers, construction companies) and promote transition of equipment sales and equipment use to electric alternatives.

Key Pillar: Education/Partnership
Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024 and
ongoing
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

86 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe T-6.2 Structural Change Develop and implement a plan to replace all City owned end-of-life off-road equipment with zero- emission equipment. Plan should include evaluation of current City-owned equipment, alternative low or zero-emission options, prioritize equipment to replace first (e.g., largest GHG emission reduction potential), and a timeline for replacements that align with goals and feasibility of replacement.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2027
T-6.3 Education Develop an Off-road Equipment Replacement Program and Outreach Campaign that provides information to contractors, residents, and fleet operators in Hayward regarding alternatives to fossil- fueled off-road equipment, public health and safety benefits of alternative equipment technology, and funding opportunities available (i.e., Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program CORE]), Zero-Emission Landscaping Equipment Incentive Programs).

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026 and
ongoing
T-6.4 Funding Partner with BAAQMD to identify funding opportunities to encourage residents to replace gas- powered landscaping equipment and off-road engines with zero emission equipment.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025
T-6.5 Partnership/
Funding
Partner with BAAQMD to develop a rebate and incentive program for upgrading off-road equipment and switching to biofuels.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026
T-6.6 Feasibility Study Conduct a study to assess the technological and economic feasibility of replacing the City-owned off- road equipment fleets.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025
T-6.7 Feasibility Study Conduct an inventory of major off-road equipment fleets in Hayward and identify fleets with highest decarbonization potential.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2029
CAP Implementation

Draft 87
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
Measure T-7 Increase municipal passenger zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 75% by 2030 and 100% by 2045 and decarbonize emergency and heavy-duty vehicles as feasible.

T-7.1 Structural Change Establish and adopt Zero-emission Fleet Conversion and Purchase Policy that requires new, and replacement municipal fleet vehicle purchases are EVs or ZEVs. The policy will also include a schedule for replacement of fleet vehicles to meet a 100% carbon neutral fleet by 2040.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023
T-7.2 Structural
Change/Feasibility
Study
Conduct feasibility and cost assessment to determine the number of EV/ZEV chargers and funds needed to support the fleet transition to 50% EV/ZEV by 2030. Expand EV/ZEV charging infrastructure for city fleet and employees in alignment with feasibility study.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-7.3 Funding Secure funding from programs such as the California Air Resources Board's Clean Vehicle Rebate Project and the Clean Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program to increase procurement of EV or ZEV cars, trucks, and other vehicles and installation of EV/ZEV charging/fueling infrastructure at municipal facilities.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
T-7.4 Funding Evaluate credit generation opportunities within the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program for ZEV/EV fueling and charging stations for the municipal fleet to offset cost of infrastructure development needed to support transition.

Public Works –
Transportation Division
Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025
Measure SW-1 Implement and enforce SB 1383 requirements to reduce communitywide landfilled organics 75% by 2025 and 90% by 2045.

SW-1.1 Structural Change Adopt procurement policies to comply with SB 1383 requirements for jurisdictions to purchase recovered organic waste products.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024
SW-1.2 Structural Change Continue to implement exclusive hauling agreement with Waste Management of Alameda County (WMAC) that regulates haulers collecting organic waste, including collection program requirements and identification of organic waste receiving facilities.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.3 Structural Change Continue to implement edible food recovery ordinance for edible food generators, food recovery services, or organizations that are required to comply with SB 1383. Ordinance requires all residential and commercial customers to subscribe to an organic waste collection program and/or report self- hauling or backhauling of organics.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024
SW-1.4 Structural Change Implement enforcement and fee for incorrectly sorted materials with sensitivity to shared collection.

Utilize funding to implement programs and efforts to increase communitywide organic waste diversion.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

88 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe SW-1.5 Education Work with StopWaste to conduct targeted outreach with food recovery organizations, generators, haulers, facilities, and local agencies to promote strategies to implement requirements of SB 1383 Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.6 Education Encourage businesses to educate their employees about organic waste diversion and proper sorting annually by providing training resources and rebate program to fund employee time for training.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.7 Partnership Partner with local community organizations, public agencies like StopWaste and businesses to implement all required activities under SB 1383.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.8 Equity Provide free compost bins and kitchen-top food waste containers to low-income communities of colors and elderly households in order to increase compost participation. Evaluate opportunities to have a community compost hub that is easily accessible to disadvantaged neighborhoods Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023
SW-1.9 Equity Establish relationships with multi-family property owners/managers to develop signage for their properties. Present at all Home-Owner Associations in Hayward annually and provide supplies and education for proper sorting.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.10 Partnership Establish an edible food recovery program to minimize food waste. Leverage CalRecycle supports projects that prevent food waste or rescue edible food. Partner with existing food pantries like CSUEB, South Hayward Parish to identify and advertise locations for surplus food to be taken in the community.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025
SW-1.11 Partnership Work with contracted hauler to:
▪ Provide quarterly route reviews to identify prohibited contaminants potentially found in containers that are collected along route.
▪ Clearly label all new containers indicating which materials are accepted in each container, and by January 1, 2024 place or replace labels on all containers. ▪ Develop and implement a comprehensive monitoring and quality control program with a focus on consumer behavior change.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.2 Partnership/
Funding
Work with local organizations, StopWaste, and investigate various funding/ grant opportunities to fund edible food recovery organizations so they can expand and handle increased volume.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024
SW-1.13 Partnerships Partner with schools, retirement communities, and other large institutions to create waste diversion and prevention program/procedure/plan.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-1.14 Feasibility Studies/
Partnership
Partner with StopWaste to conduct a feasibility study and identify next steps to ensure edible food reuse infrastructure in Hayward is sufficient to accept capacity needed to recover 20% of edible food disposed or identify proposed new or expanded food recovery capacity within Hayward.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024
CAP Implementation

Draft 89
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
Measure SW-2 Increase communitywide overall landfill diversion of waste to 75% by 2030 and 85% by 2045.

SW-2.1 Structural Change Continue to implement the Organics Reduction and Recycling Ordinance (ORRO) adopted in November 2021 in alignment with the Countywide ORRO ordinance. Support StopWaste and County Environmental Health in the enforcement of the ORRO within the City.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025
SW-2.2 Structural Change Review recent circular economy bills signed by the governor (i.e., SB 343, AB 881, AB 1201, AB 962, AB 1276) and incorporate requirements into hauling agreements, and municipal codes for full-service restaurants and local manufacturing businesses.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2025
SW-2.3 Structural Change Continue to enforce the Hayward Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling Ordinance. Public Works – Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-2.4 Structural Change Adopt a City wide Zero Waste Goal and develop a Zero Waste Strategic Plan to increase diversion from the landfill by 85% 2045.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2027
SW-2.5 Structural Change Create a requirement for large events to hire an event waste management team. Public Works – Environmental Services
Division
2028
SW-2.6 Partnership Regularly evaluate and update new franchise agreement with Waste Management of Alameda County to meet SB 1383 requirements and to implement new components to further divert waste from landfills. Work with (WMAC) hauler to determine data necessary to meet zero waste goals and establish protocol for regular collection and reporting of associated metrics. Identify dedicated staff responsible for this.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
SW-2.7 Structural Change/
Funding
Require food service providers to implement a fee for single-use food ware. Public Works – Environmental Services
Division
2025
SW-2.8 Education/
Equity
Partner with StopWaste to conduct targeted, multi-lingual, culturally appropriate, and geographically diverse waste prevention educational and technical assistance campaigns based on outcomes of a waste characterization study (WCS). Such as food waste prevention, edible food recovery strategies, proper storage, how to fix clothes/electronics, how to donate, reusable alternatives, effects of over consumption, sustainable consumption habits, buying second hand, buying durable, sharing, repurposing. Continue to conduct outreach regarding AB 1276 to full-service restaurants.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024
SW-2.9 Partnership Continue to work with StopWaste and haulers to monitor participation in residential recycling programs, create education materials for the community, provide technical assistance to business to implement mandatory recycling, and identify other opportunities and means to promote zero waste efforts.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2023 and
ongoing
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

90 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe SW-2.10 Partnership Work with StopWaste and the business community to design and promote extended producer responsibility such as take-back programs.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2029
SW-2.11 Feasibility Study Conduct a consumption-based GHG emissions inventory to understand the community’s worst consumption habits and emission reduction potential and provide educational materials on a closed- loop circular economy.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2028
SW-2.12 Structural Change Work with local businesses to establish post-consumer recycled content requirements that meet SB 343 recyclability claims as part of their purchasing criteria.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2028
SW-2.13 Partnership/Equity Partner with local organizations, schools, and libraries to establish pop-up repair cafes for commonly broken and easily repaired items. Partner with the library to promote reuse by increasing accessibility to shared tools through a tool lending library.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2026
SW-2.14 Structural Change Based on existing StopWaste waste characterization studies and Litterati litter assessment, increase bans on “problem materials” (i.e., items without means of recycling or recycling markets, such as sale of polystyrene, plastic packaging, straws, plastics #4-7, mixed materials). Enforce the single-use plastic pre-checkout ban, by January 1, 2025, in alignment with SB-1046.

Public Works –
Environmental Services
Division
2024
SW-2.15 Funding Explore funding opportunities to increase the circular food economy. Public Works – Environmental Services
Division
2024
Measure WW-1. Reduce water consumption by 15% by 2030 and maintain it through 2045.

WW-1.1 Structural Change Continue to implement the City’s Bay-Friendly Water Efficient Landscape ordinance applicable to all land use types to decrease water consumption.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.2 Structural Change Continue to implement and enforce the Water Conservation Standards within the Municipal Code via the Prohibition of Wasteful Water Practices Ordinance for households, businesses, industries, and public infrastructure.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.3 Structural Change Continue to implement rebate and water conservation device tracking system to track the number of rebates and water devices distributed.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.4 Structural Change Continue to implement the Recycled Water Program which includes expanding facilities if necessary to deliver recycled water to additional customers, working with customers to complete site retrofits, connecting customers to the recycled water system, and ensuring customer deliveries.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2023 and
ongoing
CAP Implementation

Draft 91
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
WW-1.5 Education/Funding Continue to offer water conservation programs to the community including educational programs like water education program for schools and water wise landscape classes as well as incentives like free water conserving deceives, and rebates for rain barrels and turf replacement.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.6 Education/Equity As part of the water conservation programs offered implement a public education campaign that in addition to highlighting water conservation practices, with focus on low-income households with high utility bill burdens.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.7 Equity Ensure that water conservation educational materials, programs and outreach efforts are in multiple languages and accessible for low-income or disadvantaged communities.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2024
WW-1.8 Equity Perform targeted outreach to low-income communities and elderly households to provide free water conservation devices and aid disadvantaged community members in obtaining available rebates for water conservation devices.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2024
WW-1.9 Partnerships/
Equity
Partner with programs such as Green House Call or other similar programs to support community members with installation of water saving devices with a particular focus of support for low-income, elderly, or disadvantaged elderly residents.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.10 Partnership Continue to coordinate with commercial and industrial customers including the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District and the Hayward Unified School District to advance water recycling programs.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2023 and
ongoing
WW-1.11 Feasibility Studies Develop a Recycled Water Master Plan to assess the feasibility of expanding the recycled water system and establish a roadmap for a recycled water expansion program. The plan will identify the locations available for recycled water use, the capacity needed to fully replace potable water use at identified locations and establish a schedule for potable water replacement with recycled water for appropriate applications.

Public Works – Utilities
Division
2024
WW-1.12 Education Promote the use of on‐site gray water and rainwater collection systems Public Works – Utilities Division
2026
Measure CS-1 Increase carbon sequestration by planting and maintain 1,000 new trees annually through 2030 to sequester carbon and create urban shade to reduce heat island effect.

CS-1.1 Structural Change Update the Tree Preservation Ordinance by Q2 2024 to maintain existing carbon stock is maintained and that replacement trees that are climate resilient and drought tolerant for Hayward’s climate.

Ordinance updates may include development requirements to protect or replace value-to-value existing trees and greenspace; and a requirement for a cash mitigation fee equal to the value of trees removed.

Development Services
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
Start 2023
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

92 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe CS-1.2 Structural Change Develop and adopt an Urban Forest Management Plan that identifies: City’s potential capacity for new tree planting; timeframe and mechanism for implementation; a management plan for existing trees; and a tracking system to assess progress towards annual benchmark. (Replaces existing General Plan program HQL-5.)
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2025
CS-1.3 Feasibility Study Identify and map public spaces that can be converted to green space, including freeway airspace that can be made into green space, vertical walls that can be planted with vines, and rooftops of public buildings that can be developed into gardens.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2024
CS-1.4 Partnership/
Funding
Partner with community groups to apply for community garden grants and develop new or expand existing community gardens based on the identified public spaces available for green space conversion.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2024
CS-1.5 Equity Adopt a standard policy and set of practices for expanding the urban tree canopy and placing vegetative barriers between busy roadways and developments to reduce exposure to air pollutants from traffic.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2026
CS-1.6 Feasibility
Study/Equity
Conduct an urban canopy study to identify areas in Hayward that have below average canopy coverage and implement a tree planting program focusing on the least covered portions of the City.

Establish a goal of having no significant difference in canopy coverage between high and low-income areas citywide by 2030.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
Study: 2023-
2024; Adopt
Goal: 2024
CS-1.7 Education In addition, or as an expansion to the Adopt-a-Block Program establish an adopt-a-tree or adopt-a- street program that is specific to further greening and tree planting. The program will enable individuals, businesses, and community organizations to plant and care for trees in selected communities. Program should provide formalized information on appropriate trees eligible for planting in Hayward (i.e., native, drought tolerant, locations) Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2026
CAP Implementation

Draft 93
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
CS-1.8 Funding Dedicate staff time to obtaining grant funding for tree planting. Identify and apply for applicable federal (e.g., USDA) and state (e.g., California ReLeaf, Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program (AHSC), Urban and Community Forestry Program) grants for tree planting and maintenance projects.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2023
CS-1.9 Funding Explore opportunities to fund the Urban Forest Management Program. Possibilities include use of general tax revenues, permit fees, or revenues from the municipal tree ordinance enforcement.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2023
CS-1.10 Funding Establish a Tree Trust or Tree Endowment where the interest on the principal can be used for purchasing trees, paying for tree maintenance, or for staff resources for the Urban Forest Management Program.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2027
CS-1.11 Partnerships Partner with private developers, CSU, Chabot College, HARD, HUSD, and other community-based organizations to support and contribute to the Urban Forest Management Program Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2027
CS-1.12 Funding Establish alternative fee mechanisms, similar to the SF Carbon Fund, to fund nature-based solutions.

By 2026, create permanent code and financial incentives for homeowners and other private landowners to preserve existing mature trees and shrubs and to plant local native species.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
City Manager’s Office –
Economic Development
Division
2027
CS-1.13 Feasibility Study Identify existing greenbelts and the best locations for new greenbelts for wildfire defense and risk reduction. Incorporate these locations into comprehensive wildfire planning at regional, county, city, and community levels and in all Municipal Service Reviews.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Fire Department
2025
City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

94 Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe Measure CS-2 Increase carbon sequestration by applying 0.08 tons of compost per capita annually in the community through 2030.

CS-2.1 Structural Change Enforce compliance with SB 1383 by establishing a minimum level of compost application per year on applicable/appropriate land throughout the City including City-owned land.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Start in 2024
and ongoing
CS-2.2 Structural Change Adopt procurement policies to comply with SB 1383 requirements for jurisdictions to purchase recovered organic waste products.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2024
CS-2.3 Structural Change/
Equity
Work with Hayward Area Recreation and Park District to develop and adopt urban park guidelines that
1) Provide flexible solutions for developing urban parks in infill areas where traditional neighborhood and community parks are not feasible;
2) Establish guidelines for achieving the greatest carbon sequestration potential of parks via design;
3) Are equitable in ensuring such urban parks are accessible for lower-income residents while avoiding displacement, in alignment with the Parks Master Plan.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2025
CS-2.4 Feasibility Study Identify locations within Hayward to apply compost to help meet the procurement requirements of SB 1383.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2024
CS-2.5 Education Work with StopWaste to provide residents, businesses, and developers with educational material on best practices for using compost in landscaping.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2023
CS-2.6 Funding Explore opportunities to use the parkland in-lieu fees from the updated City’s Property Developers - Obligations for Parks and Recreation Ordinance (Article 16 of City’s municipal code) to implement the Carbon Management Activities Program (NR 15).

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2029
CS-2.7 Partnerships Collaborate with Chabot College, CSUEB, and local schools to identify opportunities to apply compost to landscaping.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2024
CS-2.8 Partnerships Work with Alameda County and StopWaste to identify opportunities for a regional compost procurement program to help meet the organics procurement provisions of SB 1383.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2024
CAP Implementation

Draft 95
Action ID Pillar Action Lead City Department Timeframe
CS-2.9 Partnership Work with the City’s franchisee under the new franchise agreement with Waste Management of Alameda County to provide compost throughout the community.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Start in 2023
and ongoing
CS-2.10 Feasibility Study Conduct a study to identify opportunities to enhance or create new natural areas in existing open spaces, parklands, and fields with native species, biodiverse ecology, higher carbon sequestration potential and improved recreational connectivity for the community.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
2028
CS-2.11 Education Create and deliver a range of resources to train residents, city gardening staff, and other institutions on how to incorporate biodiversity, soil, and carbon sequestration techniques into landscaping and gardening projects.

Public Works-
Environmental Services
Division
Maintenance Services
Department –
Landscape
Maintenance
2025

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

96 13.2 Funding Considerations
Identifying funding and financing mechanisms that go beyond municipal sources is central to unlocking investments that generate benefits for Hayward residents and businesses. Funding and financing strategies that supplement City-led approaches may also lessen the burden on low-income residents by funding investments that specifically support disadvantaged communities in Hayward.

Funding refers to the money used for a specific purpose or projects, raised at one time or over time through methods like grants or taxes. Financing refers to the process of receiving money that must eventually be paid back to financial institutions lending it. Therefore, financing presupposes an underlying revenue source for repayment over time.

The City will need to identify and partner with a variety of constituents in order to successfully fund and finance CAP implementation. Examples of constituents the City may engage with include:
▪ Tenants
▪ Property Owners
▪ Business Owners
▪ Building Developers
▪ Utility Rate Payers
▪ Utility Providers (e.g., Ava Community Energy)
▪ Public Institutions or Non-profits (e.g., schools and colleges) ▪ Private Institutions (e.g., solar installers)
▪ State Entities (e.g., California Transportation Commission) ▪ Regional Entities (e.g., Metropolitan Transportation Commission) ▪ Federal Entities (e.g., Environmental Protection Agency) ▪ Taxpayers

CAP Implementation

Draft 97
Types of funding and financing options to implement the CAP measures and actions may include:
▪ Funding through an assessment district, which is a charge imposed on property owners in a given district through installments on property tax bills. ▪ Funding through a neighborhood land trust organization, which is a non-profit organization that owns and manages capital, operations, and maintenance of land in a community ownership model.
▪ Financing through tariffed on-bill financing (TOBF). For building electrification, in a TOBF, a utility provider pays for upgrades under the terms of an added tariff. ▪ Federal grant and rebate programs through Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) programs including:

IRA Building Electrification Programs for Local Governments, IRA Building Electrification Programs for Residents
IRA Commercial or Multi-family Building Electrification and Decarbonization Programs for Local Governments
IRA Transportation and Mobility Programs for Local Governments IRA Urban Shade and Forestry Programs for Local Governments ▪ Public or private grant opportunities
▪ Power purchase agreements
Hayward’s CAP project team has been active in pursuing various funding and financing options. The City will continue to pursue funding and financing options to implement CAP measures and actions.

Funding requests to implement measures and actions in this plan will be brought for consideration by the City Council in the respective budget cycle.

13.3 Looking Forward
If the City does not make satisfactory advancements toward its GHG emissions reduction targets before the next review of the CAP, it may be necessary to revise the CAP. This update would set new or stronger goals for emissions reduction, aiming to increase the reduction efforts and maintain its status as a CEQA-qualified GHG emissions reduction plan. The next CAP update could require additional implementation of the existing actions and/or additional actions such as shifting incentive and educational programs to mandatory requirements. A comprehensive CAP update for GHG emissions reduction targets beyond 2030 will be required and the City will initiate this process by 2029.

In 2029, it is expected that the City will commence the process to review and update the CAP to augment or develop new measures and actions to meet the 2045 GHG emissions reduction target.

As new technologies are made available and state regulations are adopted, the City will need to augment the CAP to facilitate further GHG emissions reduction and meet the 2045 carbon neutrality goal. The City will conduct ongoing implementation and monitoring of the CAP GHG emissions reduction measures and report on this progress to the City Council on a bi-annual basis beginning in 2025.

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

98 14 Conclusion
The City of Hayward boasts a history of robust leadership in addressing the climate crisis. Through the implementation of the 2014 CAP, the City took decisive action to achieve a 20 percent reduction in GHG emissions from 2005 levels, laying solid groundwork for sustained long-term climate action.

Hayward’s consistent dedication to mitigating climate change has made significant progress toward ambitious emission reduction targets, while simultaneously fostering an improved quality of life within the Hayward community. The City of Hayward can act now and over the next two decades to do its fair share in reducing GHG emissions that contribute to climate change. This updated CAP provides a guiding framework for continued progress towards a more resilient, prosperous, and sustainable Hayward achieved through the collective efforts of all Hayward community members.

Acknowledgements

Draft 99
15 Acknowledgements
The Climate Action Plan Update was prepared by a City project team in partnership with the community and with support from consultants. The following are specifically acknowledged for their contributions.

Hayward City Council Sustainability Committee
Councilmember Angela Andrews
Councilmember Julie Roche
Councilmember Francisco Zermeno
Former Mayor Barbara Halliday
Former Councilmember Elisa Márquez
City Project Team
Erik Pearson, Environmental Services Manager
Leigha Schmidt, Principal Planner
Nicole Grucky, Senior Sustainability Specialist
Makenna Colucci, Sustainability Service Corps Fellow 2023/2024 Sierra Cannon, Climate Corps Fellow 2022/2023
Carolyn Weisman, Climate Corps Fellow 2021/2022
Consultant Support
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Hatch

City of Hayward
Hayward Climate Action Plan

100

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Appendix A
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1 Climate Regulatory Context
As the impacts of climate change are being recognized, many strategies that address climate change have emerged at several different levels of government. This appendix provides an overview of the regulatory context at the international, State, and local levels relative to Hayward’s actions toward reducing its communitywide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

International Climate Action Guidance
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The primary international regulatory framework for GHG reduction is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC is an international treaty adopted in 1992 with the objective of stabilizing atmospheric GHG concentrations to prevent disruptive anthropogenic climate change. The framework established non-binding limits on global GHG emissions and specified a process for negotiating future international climate-related agreements.1
1997 Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted in 1997 to extend and operationalize the UNFCCC. The protocol commits industrialized nations to reduce GHG emissions per county- specific targets, recognizing that they hold responsibility for existing atmospheric GHG levels. The Kyoto Protocol involves two commitment periods during which emissions reductions are to occur, the first of which took place between 2008-2012 and the second of which has not entered into force.2
2015 The Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate agreement that was adopted in 2015 and has been ratified by 189 countries worldwide.3 The Paris Agreement establishes a roadmap to keep the world under 2° C of warming with a goal of limiting an increase of temperature to 1.5° C. The agreement does not dictate one specific reduction target, instead relying on individual countries to set nationally determined contributions (NDCs) or reductions based on GDP and other factors. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) limiting global warming to 1.5° C will require global emissions to reduce through 2030 and hit carbon neutrality by mid-century.4

1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf 2 UNFCCC. What is the Kyoto Protocol? https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol 3 UNFCCC. Paris Agreement - Status of Ratification. https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/status-of-ratification 4 IPCC. Global Warming of 1.5 C. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ 2 California Regulations and State GHG Targets
California remains a global leader in the eﬀort to reduce GHG emissions and combat climate change through mitigation and adaptation strategies. With the passage of Assembly Bill (AB) 32 in 2006, California became the ﬁrst state in the United States to mandate GHG emission reductions across its entire economy. To support AB 32, California has enacted legislation, regulations, and executive orders (EOs) that put it on course to achieve robust emission reductions and address climate change impacts. Following is a summary of executive and legislative actions relevant to this CAP Update. 2002 Senate Bill 1078
In 2002, SB 1078, established the California Renewables Portfolio Standards (RPS) Program and was accelerated in 2006 by SB 107, requiring that 20 percent of retail electricity sales be composed of renewable energy sources by 2010. EO S-14-08 was signed in 2008 to further streamline California's renewable energy project approval process and increase the State's RPS to the most aggressive in the nation at 33 percent renewable power by 2020.
2002 Assembly Bill 1493
In 2002, AB 1493, also known as Pavley Regulations, directed the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to establish regulations to reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles to the maximum and most cost-effective extent feasible. CARB approved the ﬁrst set of regulations to reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles in 2004, initially taking effect with the 2009 model year. 2005 Executive Order S-3-05
EO S-3-05 was signed in 2005, establishing Statewide GHG emissions reduction targets for the years 2020 and 2050. The EO calls for the reduction of GHG emissions in California to 2000 levels by 2010, 1990 levels by 2020, and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. The 2050 emission reductions target would put the State’s emissions in line with the worldwide reductions needed to reach long- term climate stabilization as concluded by the IPCC 2007 Fourth Assessment Report. 2006 Assembly Bill 32
California’s major initiative for reducing GHG emissions is outlined in AB 32, the “California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006,” that was signed into law in 2006. AB 32 codifies the Statewide goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and requires CARB to prepare a Scoping Plan that outlines the main State strategies for reducing GHG emissions to meet the 2020 deadline. AB 32 also requires CARB to adopt regulations requiring reporting and verification of Statewide GHG emissions.

Based on this guidance, CARB approved a 1990 Statewide GHG baseline and 2020 emissions limit of 427 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MMT CO2e). The Scoping Plan was approved by CARB on December 11, 2008, and included measures to address GHG emission reduction strategies related to energy efficiency, water use, and recycling and solid waste, among other measures. Many of the GHG reduction measures included in the Scoping Plan (e.g., Low Carbon Fuel Standard, Advanced Clean Car standards, and Cap-and-Trade) have been adopted since approval of the Scoping Plan. In May 2014, CARB approved an updated Scoping Plan that defined CARB’s climate change priorities for the next five years and set the groundwork to reach post-2020 Statewide goals. The update highlighted State progress toward meeting the 2020 GHG emission reduction goals defined in the original Scoping Plan. It evaluated how to align State longer-term GHG reduction strategies with other State policies for water, waste, natural resources, clean energy, transportation, and land use.

3 2007 Executive Order S-1-07
Also known as the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, EO S-1-07, issued in 2007, established a Statewide goal that requires transportation fuel providers to reduce the carbon intensity of California’s transportation fuels by at least 10 percent by 2020. EO S-1-07 was readopted and amended in 2015 to require a 20 percent reduction in carbon intensity by 2030, the most stringent requirement in the nation. The new requirement aligns with California’s overall 2030 target of reducing climate changing emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, which was set by Senate Bill 32 and signed by the governor in 2016.
2007 Senate Bill 97
Signed in August 2007, SB 97 acknowledges that climate change is an environmental issue that requires analysis in California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) documents. In March 2010, the California Natural Resources Agency adopted amendments to the State CEQA Guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions. The adopted guidelines give lead agencies the discretion to set quantitative or qualitative thresholds for the assessment and mitigation of GHG and climate change impacts.
2008 Senate Bill 375
SB 375, signed in August 2008, enhances the State’s ability to reach AB 32 goals by directing CARB to develop regional GHG emission reduction targets to be achieved from passenger vehicles by 2020 and 2035. In addition, SB 375 directs each of the State’s 18 major Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), including the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), to prepare a “sustainable communities’ strategy” (SCS) that contains a growth strategy to meet these emission targets for inclusion in the MPO’s Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). On March 22, 2018, CARB adopted updated regional targets for reducing GHG emissions from 2005 levels by 2020 and 2035. 2009 California Green Building Code
The California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) is Part 11 of the California Building Standards Code or Title 24 and is the ﬁrst Statewide “green” building code in the nation. The purpose of CALGreen is to improve public health, safety, and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings. Enhancements include reduced negative impact designs, positive environmental impact designs, and encouragement of sustainable construction practices.

The ﬁrst CALGreen Code was adopted in 2009 and has been updated in 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022.

The CALGreen Code will have subsequent, and continually more stringent, updates every three years.
2009 Senate Bill X7-7
In 2009, SB X7-7, also known as the Water Conservation Act, was signed, requiring all water suppliers to increase water use eﬃciency. This legislation sets an overall goal of reducing per capita urban water use by 20 percent by 2020.
2011 Senate Bill 2X
In 2011, SB 2X was signed, requiring California energy providers to buy (or generate) 33 percent of their electricity from renewable energy sources by 2020. 4 2012 Assembly Bill 341
AB 341 directed the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) to develop and adopt regulations for mandatory commercial recycling. As of July 2012, businesses are required to recycle, and jurisdictions must implement a program that includes education, outreach, and monitoring. AB 341 also set a Statewide goal of 75 percent waste diversion by the year 2020. 2014 Assembly Bill 32 Scoping Plan Update
In 2014, CARB approved the ﬁrst update to the Scoping Plan. This update deﬁnes CARB’s climate change priorities and sets the groundwork to reach the post-2020 targets set forth in EO S-3-05. The update highlights California’s progress toward meeting the near-term 2020 GHG emissions reduction target, deﬁned in the original Scoping Plan. It also evaluates how to align California’s longer-term GHG reduction strategies with other Statewide policy priorities, such as water, waste, natural resources, clean energy, transportation, and land use. 2014 Assembly Bill 1826
AB 1826 was signed in 2014 to increase the recycling of organic material. GHG emissions produced by the decomposition of these materials in landfills were identified as a significant source of emissions contributing to climate change. Therefore, reducing organic waste and increasing composting and mulching are goals set out by the AB 32 Scoping Plan. AB 1826 specifically requires jurisdictions to establish organic waste recycling programs by 2016, and phases in mandatory commercial organic waste recycling over time.
2015 Senate Bill 350
SB 350, the Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015, has two objectives: to increase the procurement of electricity from renewable sources from 33 percent to 50 percent by 2030 and to double the energy eﬃciency of electricity and natural gas end users through energy eﬃciency and conservation.
2015 Executive Order B-30-15
In 2015, EO B-30-15 was signed, establishing an interim GHG emissions reduction target to reduce emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. The EO also calls for another update to the CARB Scoping Plan.
2016 Senate Bill 32
On September 8, 2016, the governor signed SB 32 into law, extending AB 32 by requiring the State to further reduce GHGs to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (the other provisions of AB 32 remain unchanged). The bill charges CARB to adopt the regulation so that the maximum technologically feasible emissions reductions are achieved in the most cost-effective way. 2016 Senate Bill 1383
Adopted in September 2016, SB 1383 requires CARB to approve and begin implementing a comprehensive strategy to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. The bill requires the strategy to achieve the following reduction targets by 2030:
▪ Methane – 40 percent below 2013 levels

5 ▪ Hydrofluorocarbons – 40 percent below 2013 levels
▪ Anthropogenic black carbon – 50 percent below 2013 levels SB 1383 also requires CalRecycle, in consultation with CARB, to adopt regulations that achieve specified targets for reducing organic waste in landfills. The bill further requires 20% of edible food disposed of at the time to be recovered by 2025.
2017 Scoping Plan Update
On December 14, 2017, CARB adopted the 2017 Scoping Plan, which provides a framework for achieving the 2030 goal set by SB 32. The 2017 Scoping Plan relies on the continuation and expansion of existing policies and regulations, such as the Cap-and-Trade Program, as well as implementation of recently adopted policies, such as SB 350 and SB 1383. The 2017 Scoping Plan also puts an increased emphasis on innovation, adoption of existing technology, and strategic investment to support its strategies. As with the 2014 Scoping Plan Update, the 2017 Scoping Plan does not provide project-level thresholds for land use development. Instead, it recommends that local governments adopt policies and locally appropriate quantitative thresholds consistent with Statewide per capita goals of six metric tons (MT) CO2e by 2030 and two MT CO2e by 2050. As stated in the 2017 Scoping Plan, these goals may be appropriate for plan-level analyses (city, county, subregional, or regional level), but not for specific individual projects because they include all emissions sectors in the State.
2018 Senate Bill 100
Adopted on September 10, 2018, SB 100 supports the reduction of GHG emissions from the electricity sector by accelerating the State’s Renewables Portfolio Standard Program, which was last updated by SB 350 in 2015. SB 100 requires electricity providers to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total retail sales by 2020, 60 percent by 2030, and 100 percent by 2045.
2018 Executive Order B-55-18
Also, on September 10, 2018, the governor issued Executive Order B-55-18, which established a new Statewide goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045 and maintaining net negative emissions thereafter. This goal is in addition to the existing Statewide GHG reduction targets established by SB 375, SB 32, SB 1383, and SB 100.
2020 Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation
The Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation was approved on June 25, 2020. The regulation establishes a zero-emissions vehicle sales requirement for trucks or on-road vehicles over 8,500 lbs gross vehicle weight and set a one-time reporting requirement for large entities and fleets. Under the regulation, manufacturers who certify Class 2b-8 chassis or complete vehicles with combustion engines are required to sell zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their annual California sales from 2024 to 2035. By 2035, zero-emission truck/chassis sales need to be 55% of Class 2b – 3 truck sales, 75% of Class 4 – 8 straight truck sales, and 40% of truck tractor sales. Additionally, the regulation established a one-time reporting requirement for large entities and fleets where fleet owners, with 50 or more trucks, are required to report about their existing fleet operations by March 15, 2021.
6 2022 Scoping Plan Update
In November 2022, CARB adopted the 2022 Scoping Plan, which provides a framework for achieving the 2045 carbon neutrality goal set forth by AB 1279. The 2022 Scoping Plan relies on the continuation and expansion of existing policies and regulations, such as the Cap-and-Trade Program, as well as implementation of recently approved legislation, such as AB 1279. The 2022 Scoping Plan includes discussion of the Natural and Working Lands sector as both an emissions source and carbon sink. The Plan centers equity in terms of State climate investments and climate mitigation strategies. 2022 Senate Bill 1020
Adopted in September 2022, SB 1020 advances the State’s trajectory to 100 percent clean energy procurement by 2045 by creating clean energy targets of 90 percent by 2035 and 95 percent by 2040. SB 1020 builds upon SB 100, which accelerated the State’s RPS and requires electricity providers to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 60 percent by 2030 and 100 percent by 2045.
2022 Assembly Bill 1279
Adopted in September 2022, AB 1279, codifies the Statewide carbon neutrality goal into a legally binding requirement for California to achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045 and ensure 85 percent GHG emissions reduction under that goal. AB 1279 builds upon EO B-55-18 that originally established California’s 2045 goal of carbon neutrality. 2022 Advanced Clean Cars II
The Advanced Clean Cars II regulation was adopted in August 2022. The regulation amends the Zero-emission Vehicle Regulation to require an increasing number of zero-emission vehicles, and relies on advanced vehicle technologies, including battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell electric and plug-in hybrid electric-vehicles, to meet air quality, climate change emissions standards, and Executive Order N-79-20, which requires that all new passenger vehicles sold in California be zero emissions by 2035. The regulation also amends standards for gasoline cars and heavier passenger trucks to continue to reduce smog-forming emissions.
2023 Advanced Clean Fleet
Approved by CARB on April 28, 2023, the Advanced Clean Fleets Regulation requires fleets, businesses, and public entities that own or direct the operation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in California to transition to 100 percent zero-emission capable utility fleets by 2045. Under the regulation, fleet operators may choose to purchase only ZEVs beginning in 2024 and remove internal combustion engine vehicles at the end of their useful life or fleet operators may elect to meet the State’s ZEV milestone targets as a percentage of the total fleet starting with vehicle types that are most suitable for electrification.

Appendix B
GHG Inventory Methodology and Modeling

GHG Inventory

Hayward CAP B-1
GHG Inventory
The Hayward community greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories (2005, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019) were prepared by Hayward City staff utilizing the same excel-based inventory tool used to assess GHG emissions for all 35 communities in the East Bay region. The inventory tool has the capability for each individual jurisdiction to modify data inputs to develop their own inventories.

East Bay Energy Watch prepared the East Bay Energy Watch Regional Greenhouse Gas Inventory Phase III Methodology Summary1 to detail the methodology utilized in the inventory tool including the activity data to use, where to obtain the activity data, where emission factors come from, and how annual emissions are calculated from the activity data and emission factors. In general, the methodology and calculated emissions using the East Bay tool align with the principles and methods outlined in the Local Governments for Sustainability USA (ICLEI) U.S. Community Protocol.

As a result of a GHG inventory data consistency and analysis review of the previous Hayward inventories, some methodologies were updated from those detailed in the East Bay Energy Watch Regional Greenhouse Gas Inventory Phase III Methodology Summary. Hayward staff prepared the City of Hayward GHG Inventory Technical Memorandum, attached to this Appendix, to detail the methodology changes by sector including the addition of AC Transit emissions to the inventory, updating transportation emission factors to using EMFAC2021, and updating the energy calculations to include California specific CH4 and N2O emission factors for electricity. Additionally, as part of the CAP, Hayward has decided to begin using Google EIE Model vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for the on-road transportation sector. This decision was made as the travel demand model previously used to obtain VMT data for historic inventories, Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), is anticipated to not be updated for future years so the data source may not be available. The use of different methodologies across GHG inventories and for forecasting GHG emissions from a sector limits the ability to discern changes related to GHG emissions trends versus changes due to methodology change. For consistency it is recommended that the same VMT data source be used for all inventories, forecasts, and for tracking progress against established emission targets.2 As such, all Hayward inventories were updated to use VMT data based on the Google EIE Model. The methodology and results of the update to the on-road transportation sector using Google EIE VMT data are detailed in the Vehicles Miles Traveled Data Source and Methodology Evaluation Memorandum, attached as part of this Appendix.

Appendix C, GHG Forecast Methodology and Modeling, of the CAP further details updates made to the inventories and methodology or emission factor changes. Appendix C also provides a detailed summary of the updated 2019 GHG emissions inventory that was utilized for forecasting future emissions.

1 Easy Bay Energy Watch. 2020. East Bay Energy Watch Regional Greenhouse Gas Inventory Phase III Methodology Summary. 2 The ICLEI Community Protocol recommends recalculation of previous inventories to ensure consistent comparisons of GHGs over time.

Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI). 2019. U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

Available: <https://icleiusa.org/us-community-protocol/>.

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City of Hayward GHG Inventory Technical Memorandum
Adding AC Transit Calculation
The City of Hayward has the AC Transit system that operates multiple fixed bus routes within the City.

Rincon recommended including the emissions from community use of the AC Transit bus system because MTC data does not include bus vehicle classes. Following ICLEI’s Community Protocol Method TR.4 Emissions from Transit, Hayward staff attributed AC Transit emissions from the City of Hayward based on the City’s geographic boundary, bus routes, and bus schedules.

Total transit emissions for AC Transit were first calculated using ICELI methods TR.4.A Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Mobile Combustion and TR.4.B Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Mobile Combustion. Operation information from the National Transit Database (NTD)1 and gasoline and diesel emission factors from The Climate Registry2 were used to calculate total MTCO2e for all AC Transit services.

Next, ICLEI method TR.4.D Attribution of Fixed Route Transit was used to determine the attribution from the City of Hayward. The AC Transit lines that operate in Hayward are listed on the City’s Streets and Transportation webpage. GIS shapefiles of the transit routes in Hayward were used to determine the number of miles the buses travel within the City boundary. To avoid double counting, the route was measured in two segments: “Start in Hayward” and “End in Hayward”. The schedule of each bus route was then used to calculate the annual vehicle revenue miles (VRM) travelled within Hayward based on mileage travelled during weekdays and weekends/holidays.

After calculating the total emissions from AC Transit with method TR.4.A and TR.4.B and determining the VRM attribution for the City of Hayward with method TR.4.D, the total fixed route emissions (MTCO2e) and average emissions factor (MTCO2e/mile) were calculated.

It should be noted that for inventory year 2005, Fuel Consumption (gal) and Miles Traveled by Fuel (NTD Fuel and Energy Data) were unavailable for both gasoline and diesel vehicles. Additionally, emission estimates should be used with caution because this method does not factor in the proportion of AC Transit users that live in Hayward.

Updating EMFAC 2017 to EMFAC 2021
Rincon noted in the GHG Inventory Review that the use of EMFAC2017 may overestimate GHG emissions from on-road vehicles because it does not accurately factor in the transition to electric vehicles.

Following Rincon’s recommendation, Hayward staff updated EMFAC tabs for all nine inventory years with EMFAC’s Model Version 2021 v1.0.1. No changes were made to the methodology in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Inventory Phase III Methodological Summary. With the incorporation of the updated EMFAC data, the table on page 16-17 should now read (for Alameda County):

1 Annual Metrics data (https://www.transit.dot.gov/ntd/data-product/2018-metrics) and annual Fuel and Energy data (https://www.transit.dot.gov/ntd/data-product/2018-fuel-and-energy) 2 Assumed that for gasoline, DR uses EPA tier 2 vans, and both MB and CB are EPA Tier 2 buses. For Diesel, DR and all buses are Advanced.

YEAR
ALAMEDA COUNTY MTCO2E/VMT CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
MTCO2E/VMT
LIGHT
DUTY
HEAVY

DUTY COMBINED
LIGHT
DUTY
HEAVY

DUTY COMBINED
2005 0.000401 0.001464 0.000514 N/A N/A N/A
2010 0.000393 0.001449 0.000499 N/A N/A N/A
2015 0.000361 0.001422 0.000457 N/A N/A N/A
2017 0.000346 0.001395 0.000447 N/A N/A N/A
2018 0.000339 0.001386 0.000438 N/A N/A N/A
2019 0.000333 0.001383 0.000432 N/A N/A N/A
2020 0.000326 0.001391 0.000436 N/A N/A N/A
2021 0.00032 0.001359 0.000418 N/A N/A N/A
2022 0.000313 0.001342 0.00041 N/A N/A N/A

Updating eGRID/Energy Calculations
In Rincon’s GHG inventory assessment, Rincon noticed that the Methodological Summary and inventory workbook indicates that CH4 and N2O emission factor is regionally specific to California. However, the CH4 and N2O emission factors using in the GHG calculations, reported on the Energy calculations tab, are not consistent with California specific CH4 and N2O emission factors as calculated on the eGRID tabs in the inventory workbook.

To address this inconsistency, Hayward staff updated the Energy Calculations tab, row 199 and 200, with CH4 and N2O emissions factors calculated on the eGRID tab.

Since there was no eGRID2019 tab, 2019 emissions factors were pulled from the EPA’s website. Table 3 from eGRID2019 Summary Tables was used for the emissions factors within the spreadsheet. Data source: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/documents/egrid2019_summary_tables.pdf The spreadsheet now follows the methodology provided by the Methodological Summary. However, with the updates in emission factors, the table on page 6 should now be as follows:

Electricity
Emissions
2005 2010 2015 2017 2018 2019
Carbon dioxide
(lbs CO2/kWh)

0.489 0.445 0.405 0.210 0.206 0.206
Methane
(lbs CH4/MWh)

0.0306 0.0308 0.0311 0.0233 0.0271 0.0270
Nitrous oxide
(lbs N2O/MWh)

0.0045 0.0044 0.0038 0.0029 0.0034 0.0030
Combined
(MTCO2e/kWh)

0.000223 0.000203 0.000185 0.000096 0.000094 0.000094

Updating Water/Wastewater
No changes were made to the methodology described in the Methodological Summary. Hayward staff obtained water and wastewater data and input the data into the spreadsheet and emissions were calculated as described in the Methodological Summary.

Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Environmental Scientists Planners Engineers

M E M O R A N D U M
■ Oakland
449 15th Street
Suite 303
Oakland, California 94612
(510) 834 4455
Carlsbad: (760) 918 9444
Fresno: (559) 228 9925
Los Angeles: (213) 788 4842
Monterey: (831) 333 0310
Oakland: (510) 834 4455
Redlands: (909) 253 0705
Riverside: (951) 782-0061
Sacramento: (916) 706 1374
San Diego: (760) 918 9444
San Luis Obispo: (805) 547 0900
Santa Barbara: (805) 319 4092
Santa Cruz: (831) 440 3899
Ventura: (805) 644 4455

Date: December 1, 2023
To: City of Hayward
Erik Pearson <[email protected]>; Nicole Grucky nicole.grucky@hayward- ca.gov; Carolyn Weisman <[email protected]> Cc: Leigha Schmidt <[email protected]>; Darcy Kremin <[email protected]>
From: Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Kelsey Bennett <[email protected]>; Erica Linard <[email protected]>; Erik Feldman <[email protected]> Project: Hayward Climate Action Plan Update
Re: Vehicle Miles Traveled Data Source and Methodologies Evaluation Memorandum Rincon Consultants, Inc. (Rincon) has conducted an evaluation of four different data sources for purposes of estimating Hayward vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for use in estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the transportation sector. The goal of the analysis was to determine the most appropriate VMT data source for inclusion in the Hayward greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory and forecast that would provide accurate and comparable VMT data over time and be consistent with methodologies defined by the ICLEI U.S. Community Protocol. 1 Specifically, this effort included a review of the VMT data and methodologies used by Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), traffic engineers using the Alameda County Transportation Commission (ACTC) travel model, Google Environmental Insights Explorer (Google EIE), and California Air Resources Board (CARB) EMission FACtor (EMFAC) 2021 online database to determine the existing and forecasted VMT associated with on-road transportation within the community of Hayward. This evaluation utilizing

1 Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI). 2019. U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

Available: <https://icleiusa.org/us-community-protocol/>. Accessed May 20, 2022.

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criteria agreed upon by the city resulted in the identification of Google EIE VMT data as the preferred option for purposes of updating past GHG emissions inventories, updating the existing GHG emissions inventory, conducting future GHG emissions inventories, and estimating future GHG emissions. Because the VMT data set from Google EIE VMT is based on location-based GPS data that is continuously tracked, VMT data from Google EIE is more accurate than modeled data from a transportation demand model.2 Additionally, Google EIE VMT data is advantageous as it is reflective of local conditions in a community and is able to capture change year over year, unlike traditional transportation demand models, such as the MTC, ACTC, and EMFAC models, that are forecasted based on a series of historic base assumptions and anticipated land use and population changes that may not be actualized. This increased sensitivity to local changes will allow Hayward to better monitor the efficacy of its VMT reduction measures as well as limit the risk of over or underestimating changes in VMT that are an artifact of modeling assumptions.

VMT Data Source Review Purpose
The City of Hayward is in the process of updating its Climate Action Plan (CAP). As part of this effort, GHG emissions associated with on-road transportation are calculated based on community VMT for inclusion in the community GHG inventories (i.e., 2005, 2010. 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019) and for forecasting GHG emissions in future years (i.e., 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045). For the previously developed inventories (i.e., 2005, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019), VMT data was obtained for the community from the MTC Traffic demand model. However, Rincon understands the MTC may not be updating the traffic model for future years limiting the ability to obtain future VMT projections beyond 2040. Therefore, Hayward is considering the use of alternative VMT data sources, including the ACTC Countywide Transportation Demand Model, EMFAC 2021 Model, and Google EIE Model, to update the GHG inventories.

As detailed in the Hayward GHG Inventory Data Consistency and Analysis Approach Review Memorandum dated November 5, 2021, the use of different methodologies across GHG inventories and for forecasting GHG emissions from a sector limits the ability to discern changes related to GHG emissions trends versus changes due to methodology change. For consistency it is recommended that the same VMT data source be used for all inventories, forecasts, and for tracking progress against established emission targets.3 Prior to use of a new VMT data source in the forecast and updating of the inventories, Rincon evaluated four different VMT data sources available for the Hayward community including MTC provided data, modeled VMT data provided by traffic engineers using the ACTC travel model, VMT data obtained from the EMFAC 2021 online database, and Google EIE VMT data.

This memorandum provides the following:
▪ Background review of the methodology used by each data source to calculate VMT for the Hayward community and evaluation of the limitations that exist with use for each data source; ▪ Comparison of the annual VMT data for the Hayward community obtained from each data source for the years 2018 and 2019;
▪ Determination of the data source to be utilized for Hayward GHG inventories and forecasts; and

2 Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI). (2021, May 11). 4 Ways Google EIE Transformed Transportation Data Collection. Available: < https://icleiusa.org/4-ways-google-eie-transformed-transportation-data- collection/#:~:text=EIE%20aggregates%20trip%20data%20from%20Google%20Maps%2C%20processed,EIE%20calculates%20the%20total%20C O%202%20equivalents%20emissions.>. Accessed June 1, 2022 3 The ICLEI Community Protocol (cited in footnote 1) recommends recalculation of previous inventories to ensure consistent comparisons of GHGs over time.

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▪ Results of final updates to on-road transportation sector GHG emissions.

Activity data and associated emissions detailed within this memorandum include activities under the jurisdictional control or significant influence of the City of Hayward, as recommended by the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) in preparing Community Protocol and CEQA-compliant GHG inventories.4
Methodology Review and Evaluation of VMT Data Sources
This section includes 1) a review of the various models to determine on-road VMT attributed to the Hayward community; and, 2) an evaluation of the limitations and/or advantages associated with each model.

MTC Travel Demand Model
Background Review
Haywards previous GHG emissions baselines were modeled using the MTC data for years 2005 and 2015, while future years were modeled for years 2020, 2030, 2035, and 2040. MTC uses an activity- based travel demand model that generates simulations based on “agents” or the activities carried out by the households and people, that reside in the Bay Area to determine VMT for communities under typical conditions (i.e., weekday, normal weather). VMT changes are based on the land use assumptions that have been input into the model or transportation projects that would influence the agents trip. The MTC model is based on previous and prospective populations, households and land use developments in the nine-county Bay Area and accounts for interregional travel amongst those nine counties. The MTC model uses an origin-destination method, the recommended VMT estimation approach,5 to assign light- duty VMT to individual communities. Under this method, the model separates out trips that begin and end in the community, trips that begin in the community but end elsewhere (or vice-versa), and trips that do not begin or end in the community (although they may pass through). 100% of the VMT is applied to the trips that originate and end within a jurisdiction and 50% of VMT is applied to trips that originate or end within a specific jurisdiction. MTC’s data outputs label this data as “Entirely within,” “Partially in,” and “Entirely outside,” respectively.

MTC uses the transportation demand model to calculate light-duty VMT for each community, while MTC provides heavy-duty VMT obtained from a regional dataset using a “Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics” (LEHD) method. Countywide heavy-duty VMT that occurs within the county’s limits is assigned to the county regardless of where a trip begins or ends (this is typically referred to as the geographic boundary or in-boundary method for estimating VMT). Countywide heavy-duty VMT is allocated to individual jurisdictions in the county based on the number of jobs in a specific economic sector that generates heavy-duty vehicle trips such as agriculture, forestry, mining, utilities, construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade and transportation/ warehousing. Jobs numbers by sectors were obtained from the US Census.

4 Association of Environmental Professionals. 2013. The California Supplement to the United States CommunityWide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol. Available < https://califaep.org/docs/California_Supplement_to_the_National_Protocol.pdf>. Accessed May 20, 2022
5 Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC). 2009. Recommendations of the Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC) Pursuant to Senate Bill 375: A Report to California Air Resources Board. Available < https://www.fresnocog.org/wp- content/uploads/files/SB375/finalreport.pdf>. Accessed June 22, 2022 Hayward CAP Update
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The method that MTC uses to model VMT omits motorcycles from light-duty VMT totals, as well as motor homes and all types of buses from heavy-duty VMT totals. To provide a more complete inventory, past Hayward inventories would estimate VMT from these vehicle types using CARB’s most recent EMFAC model. The EMFAC-reported VMT for all light-duty vehicles and all heavy-duty vehicles for the county is summed and divided by the VMT from all over vehicle types to determine the ratio of motorcycle VMT and bus VMT to VMT from other vehicle types. The light-duty VMT for Hayward as reported by MTC is divided by the countywide percent of VMT from motorcycles to “add back in” the amount of light-duty VMT not captured in the MTC model. Similarly, the heavy-duty VMT for Hayward is divided by the countywide percent of VMT from motorhomes and buses to “add back in” the amount of heavy-duty VMT not captured in the MTC estimations.6
Evaluation
The MTC travel demand model relies on previous years of data including surveys of transportation patterns, land uses, and several other factors that may be dated given current conditions and recent situations that have altered traffic patterns (e.g., COVID-19). Future road networks and land use changes are based on the Plan Bay Area 2040. As such future travel demand is based on existing or modeled patterns and not able to capture year over year changes that could occur due to local changes.

Additionally, because the model is developed using regional data and for regional traffic planning, it is limited in terms of the accuracy it can provide for a specific jurisdiction. The complete VMT data set includes the use of multiple data sources to estimate VMT for the community, including use of a travel demand model following origin-destination methodology for passenger vehicles and a regional data set for commercial vehicles based on a geographic boundary methodology for heavy-duty vehicles.

Additionally, the MTC method for modeling omits certain vehicle types from VMT totals requiring off model calculations to estimate VMT from those omitted vehicle types occurring in Hayward. The use of differing methodologies with different base assumptions limits the accuracy of the final data set to be used in the inventory. Finally, the MTC model horizon year is 2040 and MTC has indicated that the model is not planned to be updated for future horizon years, limiting is usefulness in the future once the horizon year has been surpassed and may inadvertently introduce future emission changes that don’t represent the actual conditions found in the city.

ACTC Countywide Transportation Demand Model
Background Review
As part of the Hayward Housing Element and General Plan Amendments being prepared in parallel with the Hayward CAP Update, transportation engineers Kittelson & Associates modeled VMT in Hayward using the latest version (July 2018) of the ACTC Countywide Transportation Demand Model, an activity- based travel demand model that is a variant of the MTC model that was developed for jurisdiction-level usage. The current version of the ACTC model includes land use assumptions and transportation investments associated with the Sustainability Communities Strategy from the Plan Bay Area 2040 and is consistent with the assumptions of the MTC’s regional travel demand model. The ACTC model includes output spanning the years 2010 through 2040. The model includes the nine Bay Area counties, same as the MTC model, as well as San Joaquin County. Compared to the MTC model, the ACTC model has a refined Transportation Analysis Zone (TAZ) system in Alameda County and the adjacent TAZ sections in Santa Clara and Contra Costa Counties and uses local development information and census block level

6 East Bay Energy Watch. 2020. Regional Greenhouse Gas Inventory Phase III Methodological Summary.

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Hayward City CouncilJanuary 30, 2024

Hayward City Council
January 30, 2024