Highland City Council
January 25, 2022

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Table 1: California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress - Science ( 2018- 20191 Student Total Number Percent Percent Not Percent Met
Group Enrollment Tested Tested Tested or Exceeded
Native 48 48 100. 00% 0.00% 18. 75%
Hawaiian or
Pacific Islander
White 660 641 97. 12% 2. 88% 39. 12%
Two or More 134 132 98. 51% 1. 49% 16. 67%
Races
Redlands Unified School District
All 4, 815 4, 715 97. 92% 2. 08% 35. 26%
Black or 302 292 96. 69% 3. 31% 19. 18%
African
American
American 17 17 100. 00% 0. 00% 29. 41%
Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian 450 443 98. 44% 1. 56% 64. 11%
Filipino 117 117 100. 00% 0. 00% 47. 86%
Hispanic or 2, 408 2, 352 97. 67% 2. 33% 24. 67%
Latino
Native 12 12 100. 00% 0. 00% 25. 00%
Hawaiian or
Pacific Islander
White 1, 270 1, 245 98. 03% 1. 97% 46. 14%
Two or More 230 228 99. 13% 0. 87% 43. 86%
Races
Statewide
Statewide 1, 563, 993 1, 477, 006 94. 44% 5. 56% 29. 93% Black or 85, 376 78, 167 91. 56% 8. 44% 13. 60%
African
American
American 8, 234 7, 486 90. 92% 9. 08% 21. 16%
Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian 145, 598 141, 013 96. 85% 3. 15% 58. 68%
Filipino 38, 377 36, 890 96. 13% 3. 87% 44. 35%
Hispanic or 845, 305 802, 572 94. 94% 5. 06% 18. 80%
Latino
Native 7, 338 6, 870 93. 62% 6. 38% 21. 01%
Hawaiian or
Pacific Islander
White 366, 641 341, 893 93. 25% 6. 75% 44. 42%
Two or More 56, 801 53, 277 93. 80% 6. 20% 44. 93%
Races
Source: Department of Education. 2019. Local Educational Agency Accountability Report Card. https:// www. cde. ca. gov/ ta/ ac/ le/.

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As shown in Table 1, the San Bernardino City Unified School District overall tested lower in science by about 15 percent compared to the Redlands Unified School District and 10 percent compared to the State.

This trend was similar by race/ ethnicity as well. Based on information published from the Department of Education, the graduation rate for Redlands Unified School District was 92. 08 percent compared to 83. 35 percent for San Bernardino City Unified School District.

Figure 14.4,;, Opportunity for Education, shows the access to opportunity for education, which displays high levels of opportunity in eastern Highland, and less positive outcomes in western Highland. These differences follow school district lines, with the Redlands Unified School District Census tracts scoring higher than the San Bernardino Unified School District tracts. Furthermore, Figure 14B, Opportunity for Education in the Region, displays a large area of Fontana to San Bernardino as having less positive education outcomes. More positive education outcomes correspond to higher White populations as identified in Figure 1B. The City recognizes the role and importance of technology for online school and education and intends to promote and support access to technology for all City residents.

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4. 5. 2. Access to Economic Opportunity
Figure 15A Economic Outcomes, shows access to economic opportunity. Less positive economic outcomes are in western Highland._ In fact, the least positive economic outcomes are centered in San Bernardino and adiacent communities when looking at the regional map of Figure 156, Economic Outcomes in the Region. Figure 16A Jobs Proximity Index, measures the physical distances between residents and jobs, by geography. As shown in Figure 16A, the portion of the City in closest proximity to the City of San Bernardino, to the west, had the highest jobs proximity index. The uses to the west and southwest of the City, near the San Bernardino International Airport, are predominately industrial. Due to the lowjob proximity in East Highland, the East Highland residents are more likely to commute via vehicle, traveling longer distances. The cost of owning a vehicle can be a financial burden for many lower -income households, and long commutes can be even more burdensome due to the expense of fuel consumption and vehicle repairs associated with increased use. Figure 16B, Regional Jobs Proximity Index shows that least positive economic outcomes do not correlate to low iob proximity and that San Bernardino is the closest iob hub for City residents. Like many outer suburbs in the region, most City residents do not work where they live.

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4. 5. 3. Access to Transportation
Access to transportation opportunities is important, especially for lower -income earning households who may not be able to afford a car. In more rural, suburban, or isolated areas, access to a car may be higher due to necessity and lack of transit opportunities. The rates of automobile ownership can be seen in Figure 17, Automobile Ownership Rates. They are higher in eastern Highland, which consists of higher -income households, primarily White households, and farther proximity to employment. Western Highland has lower rates of automobile ownership, which makes sense given the higher concentrations of poverty and lower incomes. Communities with low automobile ownership rates can be benefitted by access to public transit and walkable communities. Figure 18, Access to Transit, shows that western Highland is well served by bus stops, with nearly the entire area within walking distance to a transit stop. Eastern Highland, with higher average household incomes and more a suburban setting, is not within walking or biking distance of transit stops. Major transit stops run along Baseline Street, East 9th Street, Palm Avenue, and Church Street. Although western Highland has increased job proximity and transit access as compared to eastern Highland, the specific quality and pay rates associated with the most accessible jobs is unclear.

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4. 5. 4. Access to a Healthy Environment
Access to a clean and healthy environment is an important part of physical and mental health, as well as overall quality of life for residents. Levels of air pollution, water quality, access to open spaces, vegetation, and more contribute to environmental factors that go into different indexes that attempt to distinguish levels of environmental quality. Figure 19A EAV; FOnmental Outeeme- Opportunity for a Healthy Environment, shows environmental outcomes. This figure demonstrates that much of the City has relatively positive environmental outcomes, where the farthest southwestern portion of the City, the south- central portion of the City, and a sliver of the northeastern portion of the City have the lowest scores with less than positive environmental outcomes. Moderately positive outcomes are in the eastern and western most portions of the City. Figure 19B, Opportunity for a Healthy Environment in the Region shows that the City_has more positive environmental outcomes when compared to the region, and that the City is actually flanked by areas of less positive environmental outcomes to the southwest and northeast.

Pollution burden is another aspect of environmental quality and can be visualized using CalEnviroScreen.

Displayed in Figure 20A CalEnviroScreen is a mapping tool that identifies the most affected areas by sources of pollution using environmental, health, and socioeconomic information to produce scores for every Census tract in the State. Areas with high scores experience a much higher pollution burden than areas with low scores. To the west of Boulder Avenue and south of Baseline Street, the pollution burden is in the 60th- 90th percentile compared to the State of California. The highest pollution burden is the tract that is along the north/ south portion of Interstate 210. Some specific pollution factors that are especially poor in some of the more pollution burdened areas in the City include ozone, particulate matter of 2. 5 microns or less ( PM2.$), and hazardous waste exposure. Figure 20B, Regional CalEnviroScreen illustrates the City as being on the border of a concentration of high scores indicating pollution that is present in other major cities in the Inland Empire.

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The Healthy Places Index uses data that impacts personal health and compiles it to show where the healthiest and least healthy places are to live. In the City, the least healthy environment is again found in the western portion of town, for the most part to the west of Victoria Avenue. Some concerning health indicators include high levels of asthma, diabetes, poor mental health, and low infant birth weight. Life expectancy at birth is one of the easiest to understand and starkest indicators of quality of life and healthy living. All of Highland west of Boulder Avenue is in the bottom 25th percentile for the State of California for life expectancy at birth, at less than 77 years. Figure 21A Healthy Places Index, shows the Healthy Places Index scores for the City. As with previous maps, Figure 21B, Regional Healthy Place Index shows San Bernardino as having the less favorable score, explaining why western Highland falls into the same category.

The presence and quality of parks and open spaces are other factors that are considered when determining if an environment is healthy or not. Figure 22, Parks, displays parks in the City and schools that have park areas that are opened for public use during hours that the school is not in operation.

Parks are least prevalent in the eastern and northern portions of the City. While it may be farther from conventional City parks, the northeastern portion of the City has much closer access to open space just outside City limits. The City relies on the school parks to provide adequate park space for residents.

Further, improvement to the environmental health of neighborhoods requires multiple levels of efforts, including land use planning, transportation considerations, urban forest management, healthy food options, park investments, and more.

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4. 5. 5. Access to Opportunity for Persons with Disabilities Trends related to persons with disabilities, including local and State analysis of prevalence of disabilities by type and age group, are included in Appendix B, Community Profile. Some common regulatory barriers that can exist for persons with disabilities include the following:

Reasonable Accommodation Procedure
o Common issues with reasonable accommodation procedures include excessive findings of approval, burden on applicants to prove the need for exception, application costs, and discretionary approvals.

Family Definition
o Family definitions in zoning or other land use related documents can directly impact housing choices for persons with disabilities, particularly regarding group home situations, which are commonly used by persons with disabilities. Regulating the number of people or requiring occupants to be related can be common elements in family definitions that create barriers.

Excluding Group Homes
o Excluding group homes or subjecting these homes to a Conditional Use Permit in singlefamily zones acts as a barrier to housing choice for persons with disabilities.

Spacing Requirements
o Excessive spacing requirements between group homes or community or residential care facilities can directly impact the supply of housing choices for persons with disabilities.

Unit Types and Sizes
o The lack of multifamily housing or zoned capacity for multifamily and a variety of sizes, from efficiency to four or more bedrooms, can constrain the ability of persons with disabilities to live in a more integrated community setting.

Lack of By -Right Zoning for Supportive Housing
o By -right zoning for supportive housing can result in more objective processes that are less likely to discriminate or have the effect of discriminating against persons with disabilities. so
Some of the overarching goals and specific policies within the Housing Element encourage equal access to housing and services to meet the needs of persons with disabilities, including the following:

Policy 5. 1, to provide the regulatory framework necessary to facilitate housing for those with special needs.

Policy 5. 2, to encourage development of accessible housing for levels of ability through regulatory relief.

Policy 5. 4, to support innovative public private, and nonprofit efforts in the development and financing of affordable, special needs housing.

The City has multiple transitional housing homes currently. Two are six -bed facilities, and one of them is reserved for adults ages 18 through 26, while the other is for any unhoused person. The City does not so HCD. 2021. Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Guidancefor All Public Entities andfor Housing Elements. April 2021. https:// www. hcd. ca. gov/ community- development/ affh/ docs/ affh document final 4- 27- 2021. pdf.

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have permanent supportive housing stock within the City limits; however, permanent supportive housing is available in adjacent cities. The San Bernardino Department of Behavioral Health Homeless Program provides supportive housing and counseling services for mentally ill persons and are located in the City of San Bernardino. The City has within its Municipal Code definitions and regulations regarding emergency shelters, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing.

In an effort to prevent and combat homelessness, the City and its partners are also currently participating in the following activities:

The Community Development Department provides information and referrals to Housing Choice Vouchers for individuals and families experiencing homelessness.

The Department of Public Works conducts cleanups for City -owned land and in the public rightof- way Citywide.

Outreach and engagement through the Sheriff' s Department, including the County San Bernardino' s HOPE Team.

The Code Enforcement Division responds to homelessness - related complaints regarding private property.

The Highland Library, Community Center, YMCA, and Senior Center in Highland provide airconditioned rest areas in dangerously hot weather.

Saint Adelaide Catholic Church provides emergency food provisions, employment assistance, and marriage counseling.

The Community Action Partnership of San Bernardino Countyconducts countywide housing needs assessment. This effort trains and uses homeless service providers, former persons experiencing homelessness, and current persons experiencing homelessness to collect data.

Vista Guidance Centers of Highland offers psychiatric evaluations, counseling, and referral services.

Programs 19 and 28 of the Housing Element implement strategies to provide support for those experiencing homelessness through emergency shelters, transitional housing, permanent supportive housing, and Low -Barrier Navigation Centers.

4. 6. Disproportionate Housing Needs and Displacement
Risk
Homeownership is the largest asset of most households in the United States, and, for many households, provides increased opportunity for future generations through increased family wealth. With increased family wealth, younger generations are often afforded increased educational opportunities, higher employment attainment, and access to inheritance. One of the most prevalent consequences of residential segregation is the intergenerational inaccessibility of homeownership. According to the Census, a total of 10, 796 occupied units ( 66. 9 percent) in the City were owner -occupied in 2019, while 5, 342 units ( 33. 1 percent) were renter -occupied. The rate of owner -occupied units in the City increased by 3. 6 percent from 2014 to 2019, while the rate of owner -occupied units in the County decreased by 1. 1 percent." The area with the highest percentage of owner -occupied units coincides with the areas that predominantly consist of White residents, have a higher percentage of married -couple households, have si U. S. Census Bureau. 2019. Comparative Housing Characteristics. 2019 ACS 5- Year Estimates. Table CP04.

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higher incomes, have increased access to vehicles, and have a lower percentage of persons with disabilities.

4. 6. 1. Housing Affordability
Housing affordability depends on a number of factors in the housing market, economy, and community.

Affordability can be broken up into how affordable it is to rent and how affordable it is to be a homeowner.

Table 2, Household Tenure, identifies the owner and renter rates within the City, showing that homeownership is more prevalent than renting. However, homeownership rates decreased from 2010 to 2019. During the 1990s, owner -occupancy rates in the City increased as more single- family homes were built. This development trend resulted in a relatively high percentage of owner -occupied units. Overall, the number of renter -occupied units in the City increased by almost 900 between 2010 and 2018; however, the share of renters in the City is lower than in the Southern California Association of Governments region overall, with 47. 5 percent renters. As shown in Figure 23A, renters are primarily located in western Highland. Central and eastern Highland are primarily occupied by homeowners. As evident by the regional map, Figure 23B, suggests that renters are more common in city cores.

Table 2: Household Tenure
Tenure 2010* 2019**
Number Percent Number Percent
Owner - Occupied 10, 014 68. 2 10, 797 66. 9
Renter -Occupied 4,675 31. 8 5, 341 33. 1
Total 14, 689 100 16, 138 100
US Census Bureau. 2010. Selected Housing Characteristics. 2010 ACS 5- Year Estimates Data Profiles.

Table DP04.

US Census Bureau. 2019. Selected Housing Characteristics. 2019 ACS 5- Year Estimates Data Profiles.

Table DP04.

According to the Federal government, households are considered to be burdened by their housing costs when more than 30 percent of their income is spent on total housing costs, including utilities. In 2019, 62 percent of all renters were cost burdened by their housing. This renter cost burden can be seen in Figure 24A Renter Cost Burden, with high levels in western Highland as well as south- central Highland, coinciding with the concentrations of renters and lower incomes. The City Community Development Department works with the Housing Authority to assist those residents with a rental cost burden by providing public assistance or Housing Choice Vouchers. In 2019, 35 percent of all homeowners were burdened by their housing costs. Figure 24B, Renter Cost Burden in the Region reveals that overpayment by renters is common at more than 40 percent throughout the region. Figure 25A Homeowner Cost Burden, displays the homeowner cost burden, which is most dramatic in western Highland, although much of the City' s households are burdened by their housing costs. sZ Figure 25B, Homeowner Cost Burden in the Region illustrates that homeowner cost burden is greater in urban and rural areas, while the suburban middle falls less than 40 percent.
52 U. S. Census Bureau. 2019. Selected Housing Characteristics. 2019 ACS 5- Year Estimates Data Profiles. Table DP04.

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4. 6. 2. Housing Conditions
The quality of housing is dependent on more than just homeownership and requires residents and property owners to be diligent and able to fix or afford to fix issues as they come up. There are four housing problems that are considered severe: lack of complete kitchen facilities, lack of complete plumbing facilities, more than one person per room, and monthly housing costs exceeding 30 percent of monthly income. Table 3 shows an overview of households with any one of the four severe housing problems by housing tenure. This table shows that renters disproportionately have any one of the four severe housing problems compared to homeowners. Figure 26A Any Four Housing Severe Problems, displays this data for the entirety of the City, where any one of the severe housing problems impacts 26 percent of all households. Figure 2613. Any Four Housing Severe Problems in the Region, shows that most cities fall within the 20 to 40 percent range of households.

Table 3: Households Exoeriencine Anv One of the Four Severe Housing Prnhlemc Renters vs. Owners
Number of Households
with Problems
Number of Total
Households
Percent of Households
with Problems
Renters 2, 420 5, 540 43. 68%
Homeowners 1, 715 10, 245 16. 74%
Total 4, 135 15, 785 26. 19%
Source: U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2017. Consolidated Planning/ CHAS Data. https:// www. huduser. gov/ portal/ datasets/ cp. htmi.

4. 6. 3. Overcrowding
The condition of an area' s housing stock is not in itself an impediment to fair housing. However, for many low- income families, substandard housing is the only housing available at an affordable price. According to the 2019 ACS, 34 occupied units in the City lacked complete plumbing facilities. In addition, 136 occupied units in the City lacked complete kitchen facilities. There may be some overlap in the number of substandard housing units, as some units may lack both complete plumbing and kitchen facilities.

Approximately 10 percent of the City' s total households are overcrowded. 59 Rates of overcrowding can be seen in Figure 27A Overcrowding, with the highest rates being seen in the western core. Figure 27B, Overcrowding in the Region, shows a similar trend of overcrowded households being more prominent in urban areas as opposed to outer suburbs. This includes a large swath of the region immediatelv west of the City.
59 U. S. Census Bureau. 2019. Selected Housing Characteristics. 2019 ACS 5- Year Estimates Data Profiles. Table D PO4.

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4. 6. 4. Displacement
Displacement is an event that occurs for various reasons, including investment, disinvestment, or even disasters. Gentrification, or the influx of capital and higher -income residents into working- class neighborhoods, is often associated with displacement, which occurs when an increase in demand increase rents for both residential and commercial properties, and lower -income households and businesses are priced out of the community or excluded from entering into the community.

There are different stages of displacement, including at risk of displacement, early gentrification, and advanced gentrification. It is important to understand these stages in context of an area because certain policies to counteract displacement may be more or less effective depending on the stage of displacement. Figure 28A Communities Sensitive to Displacement, shows western Highland to be vulnerable to displacement. This is not surprising because these communities have higher levels of poverty and therefore are more vulnerable to increases in rent. The bigger picture as shown in Figure 28B Communities Sensitive to Displacement in the Region, reveals that these areas are situated along major freeway corridors such as SR- 90, SR- 210, 1- 10, and 1- 215, where development may be rapidly changing Due to the seriousness of the public health crisis resulting from Coronavirus ( COVID- 19) pandemic there is a lot of economic uncertainty which may result in displacement: however, there is no current data The effects of COVID- 19 on displacement in the City will be evaluated in the future as data becomes available

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In regard to natural disasters, some areas may be more vulnerable to disaster -driven displacement due to different hazard risks by location. Fires are more likely to impact northern and eastern Highland in the Fire Hazard Severity Zones that can be seen in Figure 29, Fire Hazards. Flooding is more of a concern for south- central Highland, and a portion of western Highland along Warm Creek. The flood areas in southern Highland are less of a concern due to the lack of residential land uses there, but along Highland Creek there are some residential areas that could be at risk of flood -driven displacement or concerns with mold after a flood. Figure 30, Flood Hazards, displays where these flood zones are located in the City. Seismic hazard is another hazard event that has the potential to cause long- or short- term displacement. There are Alquist- Priolo fault zones that run diagonally across eastern Highland and can be seen in Figure 31, Seismic Hazards. While disasters in this area could cause displacement, higher average incomes provide more options for household recovery.

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4. 7. Other Relevant Components

4. 7. 1. Demographic Trends
In addition to the demographic trends discussed in this Fair Housing Assessment, further demographic trends regarding race, rates of homelessness, age, and population growth can be found in the Community Profile in Appendix B, Community Profile. Trends regarding construction, rent prices, and sale prices can be found in Appendix C, Constraints and Zoning Analysis.

4. 7. 2. Public Assistance
Public housing and Housing Choice Vouchers are two ways that municipalities or housing authorities assist lower -income community members with obtaining affordable rents. As can be seen in Figure 32A, Housing Choice Vouchers, most Census tracts across Highland have renters receiving Housing Choice Vouchers.

Multiple tracts have over 10 percent of renters receiving Housing Choice Vouchers. Figure 32B, Housing Choice Vouchers in the Region, shows that Census tracts with renters receiving Housing Choice Vouchers are in the same areas as where renters are vulnerable to displacement.

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5. Sites Inventory Analysis Consistency
State law, Government Code Section 65583. 2( a), requires that the sites identified in the Sites Inventory be analyzed with respect to the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing analysis to determine if the designation of sites serve the purpose of replacing segregated living patterns with balanced living patterns and transforming R/ ECAP into areas of opportunity. Through the various goals, policies, and programs present within the Housing Element, the Regional Housing Needs Allocation ( RHNA) should adequately be accommodated in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing.

5. 1. Improved and Exacerbated Conditions
Highland is a city that is primarily segregated, with non- White populations and lower -income households located largely in the western portions of the City, where Boulder Avenue acts as the dividing boundary.

Today' s segregated living patterns can be explained, in part, by the growth patterns of the past.

Historically, the City began as an agricultural community, consisting primarily of citrus orchards. The area west of Boulder Avenue is where the City' s earliest suburban development occurred. Initial suburbanization of the area began as early as 1943 with the establishment of the San Bernardino Army Air Depot ( now San Bernardino International Airport). This early suburbanization moved east from the San Bernardino area, stopping at City Creek, which intersects Boundary Avenue. Suburban development east of City Creek did not occur until much later, primarily spurred by the development of East Highlands Ranch Planned Unit Development in the 1980s. Development east of City Creek and Boundary Avenue largely consist of single- family zones and planned developments on large swaths of land with few areas of commercial development. Large areas of open space are designated along the City' s creeks and along the southern portion of the City, east of City Creek.

Sites identified to accommodate the RHNA consist of sites both east and west of Boulder Avenue and City Creek. Due to the low -density nature of the available sites east of Boulder Avenue, those sites identified in this area are only identified as appropriate to accommodate the moderate- and above moderate - income RHNA. Sites that qualify as meeting the criteria for the lower -income RHNA are located west of Boulder Avenue where there is the greatest access to public parks, public transportation, and commercial services. The sites identified in the Sites Inventory ( Appendix E_: 7 Sites Inventory and Analysis) are shown in Figure 33.

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5. 1. 1. Segregation and Integration
Racial Demographics
The sites identified in the Sites Inventory to accommodate the lower -income RHNA are located in the areas of Highlandof the City that are more racially and ethnically diverse, west of Boulder Avenue. As is detailed in Appendix E, the selection of lower -income sites is limited in the R- 4 Multifamily - Zoning District, as this zone is appropriate to accommodate lower -income housing units per State law [ Government Code section 65583. 2( c)( 3) l. This area is also identified as having a predominant Hispanic population in several tracts. However, the Sites Inventory improves segregated living patterns in the City by identifying moderate- and above moderate -income sites near lower -income sites, in the western areas of the City, to promote housing opportunities at all income levels in a racially and ethnically diverse area of the City.

Household Income
The sites identified in the Sites Inventory improve segregated living patterns in the City as it relates to median household income. Figure 3A, in Section 4. 2. 4, indicates that households with lower median incomes are located in the western area of the City with block groups identified as having a median income at less than $ 30, 000, while the eastern side of the City indicated block groups with a median income greater than $ 125, 000. Since zoning adequate for lower -income sites is limited to the western area of the City, the Sites Inventory replaces existing segregation by household income by selecting moderate- and above -moderate sites in the western area of the City near low- income sites. The Sites Inventory also identifies capacity for 200 low- income units within the Greenspot Village and Marketplace Specific Plan which also identifies capacity for moderate -income sites, and 200 above moderate -income units credited toward RHNA as part of a multifamily development project expected to receive their certificate of occupancy within the planning period ( see Appendix E for further details). Greenspot Village and Marketplace is located in a block group with a median income of greater than $ 125 000. As such the designation of sites at all income levels replaces segregated living patterns and improves conditions by promoting mixed -income neighborhoods.

Population with a Disability
There are no segregated living patterns of persons with disabilities in the City. Generally, there is an even distribution of the percentage of the population with a disability throughout the City. The sites identified of all income levels, are located in tracts where there is less than 10 percent and 10 percent to 20 percent of the population has a disability.

5. 1. 1. 5. 1. 2. R/ ECAPs
There are several R/ ECAPs identified in the City' s western area, see Figure 12A; however, the Sites Inventory (Appendix El improves conditions in the City by identifying above moderate -income sites within the R/ ECAPs. All of the lower -income sites identified in Sates 1RYeRteFy AAppendix E} are located outside of the City' s R/ ECAPs. As such, the Sites Inventory_ replaces segregated living patterns by identifying housing opportunities for households with higher incomes to deconcentrate these areas of Poverty. Of the

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5.1..2. 5. 1. 3. Disparities in Access to Opportunity
While the areas of the City that aFe located west of Boundary Avenue have lower rates of positive educational outcomes and lower positive economic outcomes, positive environmental outcomes are relatively consistent throughout the City, with two areas identified as having less than positive outcomes, as previously show in Section 4. 5. 4, Access to a Healthy Environment, of this analysis. Sites identified at all income levels fall within low -resource and high poverty and segregation tracts which are more predominant on the western side of the City. Many lower -income sites identified in Appendix E fall within low resource areas due to adequate lower -income unit zoning criteria which limits sites to the western area of the City. Therefore, the selection of lower -income sites has the potential to exacerbate conditions of concentrated housing in low resources areas based on TCAC' s scoring. However, the Sites Inventory mitigates this potential by identifying 200 lower -income sites within the highest resource areas in the City as part of the Greenspot Village and Marketplace Specific Plan. eFThis area has the highest access to public transportation is highest OR the areas east of gewndwy Avenue,_ which is ideal for lower -earning households that have lower rates of automobile ownership. Further, the selection of moderate- and above moderate - income sites within areas of low resources coupled with programs in the Housing Element detailed below) will increase access to opportunities for residents, incentivize high -quality development projects for all income levels and improve overall conditions in the City.

5. 1. 4. Disproportionate Housing Needs, Including Displacement Risk The sites identified to accommodate the lower -income RHNA are generally located in areas with higher rates of households that are financially burdened by their housing costs, higher rates of household overcrowding, and increased vulnerability to risk of displacement. The development of affordable housing in these areas could provide opportunities for increased housing security for existing residents. When lower -income residents have access to affordable housing, they are no longer at risk of sudden increases in rent. Residents with consistently affordable housing are at a lower risk of displacement due to rent increases in the area. Additionally, because affordable housing is made affordable based on household income and size, residents tend to be less burdened by the cost of housing, leaving money available for other needs. As such, the sites selected in Appendix E, improve conditions, and will mitigate displacement risk.

6. Summary of Fair Housing Issues
The following is a list of key conclusions from this Affirmatively Further Fair Housing Analysis:

Racial and Economic Segregation: d-The City contains three Census tracts considered as R/ ECAPs. All three R/ ECAP tracts have significantly higher levels of poverty than the City as a whole, with the farthest west R/ ECAP having the highest poverty rate at 48. 7 percent of the population. The west and middle R/ ECAPs have nearly three times the number of renter households as ownership households, and the upper R/ ECAP has a nearly equal proportion of renters and homeowners.

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The concentration of areas that are both racially and economically segregated lie in the westernmost tracts of Highland. These areas also have higher concentrations of housing cost burden and overcrowding, lower positive outcomes related to education and economics, and the highest concentrations of adults living alone or single female -headed households.

Renter Housing Needs: According to the Census, a total of 10, 796 occupied units ( 66. 9 percent) in the City were owner -occupied in 2019, while 5, 342 units ( 33. 1 percent) were renter -occupied.

The renter households in Highland are primarily located in western Highland, and have access to fewer educational, economic, and transportation opportunities. Over 80 percent of renter households experience one or more of the four severe housing problems, with higher rates of overcrowding and housing cost burden. Ozone and PM2. 5 levels are higher in western Highland, as are rates for health indicators such as asthma and diabetes. Additionally, access to opportunity for education is higher in eastern Highland and lower in western Highland. These differences follow school district lines, with the Redlands Unified School District Census tracts scoring higher than the San Bernardino Unified School District tracts.

Displacement Concerns: Western Highland is most vulnerable to displacement due to the higher levels of poverty present and lower rates of homeownership, making these residents more vulnerable to increases in rent. Additionally, flooding of Highland Creek could cause hazard - driven displacement in western Highland, causing more strain on the incomes of lower -income residents.

7. Contributing Factors to Fair Housing Issues and
Strategies for Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
An analysis of the contributing factors to fair housing issues is used to inform the strategies employed by the Housing Element for Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing. The key fair housing issues identified through this analysis include racial and economic segregation, renter housing needs, and displacement concerns. Those factors that contribute to these issues are those that can most directly be tied to income and wealth. Factors that can contribute to a household' s access to income and wealth can include poor access to upward mobility afforded by high educational outcomes; higher wage attainment; physical or developmental ability; access to affordable housing, transportation, and childcare; access to capital assets such as land ownership or homeownership; and other factors such as access to generational wealth. Many factors that can contribute to low access to income and wealth often disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities, creating income inequality. For example, the Federal Reserve reports that data from the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances revealed that the typical White family has eight times the wealth of the typical Black/ African American family and five times the wealth of the typical Hispanic/ Latino family.

Historically in the United States, housing discrimination has occurred through land use policy and zoning, mortgage lending practices, landlord or property owner decisions on rental applications, and patterns of public and private investment and disinvestment. These trends have resulted in residential segregation based on race, ethnicity, income, disability, and other characteristics, and has limited housing choices and access to opportunities for many Americans, especially for communities of color.

Land use policies and planning can help or hinder people' s access to fair housing. It is both possible and desirable to adopt and implement proactive policies that will help to reverse past negative trends and achieve balanced, integrated, and stable residential neighborhoods.

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7. 1. Prioritization of Contributing Factors and Actions Designed to Meaningfully Address Contributing Factors
The City' s priorities for addressing impediments to fair housing issues are identified as follows:

Affordable Housing. Increased access to quality affordable housing opportunities can greatly improve opportunities for Highland' s residents. The City' s inclusionary housing ordinance Program 4) will be used for the allocation of funding to support affordable housing for lower - income households. Program 5 calls for an evaluation of existing development impact fees to identify opportunities for reduced fees in exchange for affordable housing development. Other programs of the Housing Element increase coordination and collaboration with City partners to advocate for increased support in meeting the needs of lower -income households.

Additionally, the programs of the Housing Element that have been incorporated to assist in the development of adequate housing to meet the needs of extremely low- very low- low- and moderate - income households, as well as households with special needs include the following:
o Program 4, Inclusionary Housing implements affordable housing production and also collects in -lieu fees that go into the City' s affordable housing preservation fund. Through this program the city will identify affordable housing preservation rehabilitation and construction opportunities for the expenditure of acquired funds especially for funding opportunities of housing for extremely low-income households and households with special needs.
o Program 5, Impact Fees will evaluate impact fees for affordable housing developments especially those that serve extremely low-income households and households with special needs.
o Program 6, Density Bonus the City will update its ordinance consistent with State requirements, including the provision of a bonus for student affordable housing senior housing, and 100 percent affordable developments to further support extremely lowincome households and households with special needs. o Program 16, Affordable Housing Preservation Program is focused on assisting homeowners who may be at risk of foreclosure and providing technical assistance for Publicly assisted affordable housing for extremely low-, very low- low- and moderate - income tenants.
o Program 17, Housing for Persons with Disabilities will increase housing opportunities for those with disabilities, widening the pool of available housing. Through this program the City will promote the availability of the reasonable accommodation procedures refer individuals and families with developmental disabilities to the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, which is the largest nonprofit, State -funded social service facility in the State that focuses on persons with developmental disabilities.- Aand to further opportunities for persons with disabilities and older adults with varying levels of ability, the City will explore opportunities to connect residents to resources on increasing in - home accessibility by posting materials on its website related to home retrofit guidance and accessibility in accessory dwelling units.

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o Program 18, Residential Care Facilities is focused on providing an update to the Zoning Code to differentiate between residential care facilities serving six or fewer residents and those serving seven or more residents, permitting residential care facilities serving six or fewer persons by right in all residential zones in accordance with the Welfare and Institutions Code Section 5116.
o Program 19, Emergency Shelters, Transitional Housing and Permanent Supportive Housing will update relevant sections of the Zoning Code to assist in the development of housing for those with special needs and extremely low-income households and to ensure consistency with State law as it relates to supportive housing, emergency shelters and transitional housing.

Program 20, Affordable Housing Partnerships will support creative models of affordable Property ownership and affordable housing preservation through methods such as community land trusts. Informational resources will be provided on the Citv' s website to connect lower -income households, including extremely low- income households and those with special housing needs, to housing advocacy groups public agencies and nonprofit organizations in the event that opportunities for purchasing lower -income housing developments become available. The City will conduct outreach to housing advocacy groups to improve coordination and increase publication of how advocacy groups can assist residents.
o Program 21, Mobile Home Preservation will provide additional protections for mobile home park tenants by ensuring that any approval fora proposed conversion of an existing mobile home park will first consider the findings of a report that details the impact upon the ability of the displaced residents of the mobile home park to be converted or closed to find adequate housing in a mobile home park.
o Program 22, Collaborative Partnerships the City will contact and partner with local affordable housing service providers and will continue to seek financial assistance from other agencies.
o Program 23, Lot Consolidation Incentive provides a permit expedite incentive for lot consolidation for multifamily development on sites identified in the Housing Element as having the potential to accommodate lower- or moderate - income units including those sites with potential for extremely low-income development and development to meet the needs of those with special needs.
o Program 31, Surplus Lands will ensure that any lands that are declared as surplus by the City will first be offered for the development of affordable housing including housing for extremely low- income households and households with special needs. o Program 33, Reduced Parking Requirements will provide a process by which parking reductions can be granted in exchange for affordable housing.

2. Accessible Housing. According to the 2019 ACS Census data, about 9 percent (4,946) of the City' s population have a disability. Approximately 33 percent (1, 746) of the population age 65 and older have a disability. As the population ages, the need for housing to meet varying levels of ability will increase. Accessible housing also ensures safe and quality of housing not only to disabled persons but all residents as well. Program 1, Homeowner Rehabilitation Program offers homeowners with funds to finance home improvement projects, including health and safety repairs that may increase the overall accessibility of a dwelling. Program 3, Code Enforcement ensures that

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buildings are maintained and are ADA compliant where necessary. Program 6 Density Bonus will provide provision of a bonus that may increase the availability and quality of senior housing.

Program 12, Accessory Dwelling Units, can provide opportunities for those with special needs and older adults who may wish to live independently, but with near proximity to caregivers. Programs 17, 18, and 19 can accommodate special needs individuals and older adults by providing access to housing services and care facilities that are temporary or long- term. 3_ Land Use and Planning Decisions. Land use and planning decisions can influence and restrict needed housing opportunities. Those sites identified in Appendix E, Sites Inventory and Analysis, have been identified in those areas with close proximity to employment, education, services, and other resources. While some of the lower -income sites identified in Appendix E were previously identified in past Housing Element cycles, these areas have been determined to be the most ideal for future housing and the most realistic to be developed. Program 8 of the Housing Element creates a process by which development may be permitted by right where 20 percent or more of the units are affordable on specified sites. This program will further incentivize the production of affordable housing in areas where it is needed most. Program 11 will support efforts in creating multimodal mixed - use and transportation corridors that will provide residents of all demographics access to mobility and amenities near their homes.

4. Land Use and Zoning Laws. With the City being less than 50 years old, more than half of the land consists of single- family residential uses with vacant sites scattered throughout. This number increases to the west of the City where much of the land is still largely undeveloped dThe City is relatively isolated, being located on the outskirts of the metropolitan Inland Empire.

Therefore, it is necessary for the City to plan its resources carefully and avoid haphazard growth.

It is important that future and existing developments in the city meet local and State laws are well maintained, and are deemed affordable for future generations. The following programs may assist affordable housing developers in producing fair housing for lower income households:
o Program 3, Code Enforcement, will ensure that no buildings in the City are violating Building and Zoning codes and are up to date with State legislation. This will help to minimize substandard qualities of housing that is often afforded to lower income households.
o Program 4, Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, will continue to seek opportunities for funding of housing for extremely low-income households in the form of preservation rehabilitation, or constructions.
o Program 12, Accessory Dwelling Units, will provide a program that may incentive the construction and permitting of affordable ADUs.
o Program 23, Lot Consolidation Incentives, will amend the code to provide lot consolidation incentives that may increase multifamily developments and can accommodate lower- or moderate -income units.
o Program 25, No Net Loss, will monitor the housing capacity identified in Appendix E Sites Inventory and Analysis, and develop methodology to maintain capacity for remaining RHNA in all income levels.
o Program 28, Low Barrier Navigation Centers, will amend the Zoning Code to permit the development of Low -Barrier Navigation Centers as a use by -right in mixed -use and nonresidential zones that permit residential uses.

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o Program 29, Affordable Housing Streamlining, provides a process of streamlining for qualifying affordable and mixed -income housing developments. o Program 30, Objective Design Standards, will help increase the transparency and certainty in the development process by providing verifiable and measurable design standards for future developments.

5. Fair Housing Outreach. The Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board conducts fair housing outreach and other services on behalf of the City. The City is committed to furthering fair housing outreach through the programs of the Housing Element. Through Program 2 Residential Rental Enhancement and Rehabilitation Program, the City will continue to provide health and safety hazard checks for landlords, ensuring that tenants are not subject to substandard housing and the City will also continue to provide landlord trainings to ensure property safety measures are taken Program 2 further enhances upon this existing program to incorporate fair housing training for landlords. This will expand upon the City' s Crime -Free Multiple -Family Rental Housing Program to ensure that this program is implemented through the lens of fair housing, providing fair housing services for residents and landlords.

Another relevant factor in contributing to fair housing issues is available housing on the market. Although the lack of affordable and accessible housing are impediments to fair housing the availability of reasonably priced units on the market is vet another contributing factor to fair housing as insufficient supply and increased demand become commonplace for lower income families. As provided under Section 3. 5, Housing Price and Affordability of Appendix B, Community Profile, local data shows that with the prices of housing lower income households can afford, there : s skAigly Ret eRe gh hOW nxife =^^^ are very few opportunities that goes into &a4efor rent or for sale for extremely low- and lower - income households. Between 2018 and 2019, property values increased in the City by 6 percent. The City' s 2019 median property value was $ 330,200 which is 1. 37 times larger than the national average of 240,500 during the same year. In the case where they do become available, there is likely to be an increase in competition. This occurs commonly in higher densitv areas that are closer to amenities and resources and finding a home in these locations come at a premium. Such example is shown in Figures 3A, 11A, 16A, and 27A, where west Highland is home to a significant non- White population and is close to iob opportunities but is also overcrowded and the median income is among the lowest categories.

Additionally, Section 8 Housing Vouchers pose a similar issue in which the waiting list for applicants in need of housing is often prolonged due to a lack of availability or incentives.

Additionally, Housing Element Programs 16, 27, and 28 were developed to further demonstrate the City' s commitment to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing through increasing fair housing awareness in the landlord/ tenant screening training and through resources on the City' s website, continued partnership with the Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board, and continued participation and engagement in the Regional Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. Additional programs are focused on increasing housing access for residents.

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Appendix E: Sites Analysis and Inventory
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Regional Housing Needs Allocation...................................................................................................... 3 3 Vacant and Underutilized Sites Methodology and Assumptions......................................................... 4

3. 1 Process Overview.......................................................................................................................... 4

3. 2 Density and Affordability Assumptions......................................................................................... 6

3. 2. 1 Lower - Income Sites............................................................................................................... 7

3. 2. 2 Moderate -Income Sites......................................................................................................... 8

3. 2. 3 Above Moderate -Income Sites............................................................................................. 8

3. 3 Sites Identified in Previous Housing Elements.............................................................................. 9 4 Existing Capacity................................................................................................................................... 9

4. 1 Planned, Approved, and Prospective Projects............................................................................ 11

4. 1. 1 Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan.................................................................. 11

4. 1. 2 Vista Verde at Mediterra.................................................................................................... 13

4. 1. 3 Blossom Trails..................................................................................................................... 13

4. 1. 4 Highland Park...................................................................................................................... 13

4. 1. 5 Crestwood Communities..................................................................................................... 13

4. 1. 6 Other Pending Projects....................................................................................................... 14

4. 2 Lower -Income Sites..................................................................................................................... 17

4. 2. 1 Nonvacant Sites.................................................................................................................. 19

4. 3 Moderate - Income Sites............................................................................................................... 32

4. 4 Above Moderate -Income Sites................................................................................................... 35

4. 5 Accessory Dwelling Unit Projection............................................................................................ 38 5 Summary of Capacity to Accommodate the RHNA............................................................................ 39 Figures
Figure 1. City Overview of Sites Inventory .................................................................................................. 10 Figure 2. Pipeline Residential Projects........................................................................................................ 16 Figure 3. Lower -Income Sites...................................................................................................................... 31 Figure4. Moderate -Income Sites................................................................................................................ 34 Figure 5. Above Moderate - Income Sites.................................................................................................... 37 Page I i City of Highland Sites Analysis and Inventory
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Tables
Table 1. City of Highland RHNA 2021- 2029.................................................................................................. 4 Table 2. Density Assumptions by Zone......................................................................................................... 7 Table 3. Summary of Pipeline Residential Development............................................................................ 11 Table 4. Pipeline Residential Development Credited Toward RHNA.......................................................... 15 Table 5. Lower -Income Sites Summary ....................................................................................................... 30 Table 6. Moderate -Income Sites Summary ................................................................................................ 33 Table 7. Above Moderate -Income Sites Summary ..................................................................................... 36 Table 8. Accessory Dwelling Unit and Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit Development Trends................... 38 Table 9. Estimated Affordability of Projected ADUs 2021- 2029................................................................ 39 Table 10. Summary of Residential Capacity Compared to 6th Cycle RHNA by Income, City of Highland, June 30, 2021 through October 15, 2029................................................................................................... 40 Table11. Sites Inventory Table................................................................................................................... 41 Page I ii City of Highland Sites Analysis and Inventory -245-
1 Introduction
As provided under California State law ( Government Code Section 65583 [ a][ 3]), a Housing Element must include an inventory of land suitable for residential development, including vacant sites that can be developed for housing within the planning period and nonvacant sites that have realistic and demonstrated potential for redevelopment during the planning period to meet the local housing need at all income levels. As further detailed in the Regional Housing Needs Allocation ( RHNA) discussion in Section 2, every local jurisdiction is assigned a number of housing units representing its share of the State' s housing needs for an 8- year period. The housing need of the City of Highland ( City) for the 6th Cycle 8- year planning period [ October 15, 2021— October 15, 2029] ( 6th Cycle) consists of 2, 513 total units, including housing at all income levels.

This appendix ( sites analysis) of the Housing Element contains an analysis and inventory of sites within City limits that are suitable for residential development during the 6th Cycle. As presented in this sites analysis, the City has an adequate supply of land to fully accommodate the City' s housing allocation of 1, 028 lower -income units ( including very low- and low- income'-), 471 moderate - income units, and 1, 014 above moderate - income units.

This sites analysis describes the City' s housing target for the 6th Cycle RHNA projection period [ June 30, 2021, to October 15, 2029] ( planning period), known as the RHNA; the methodology by which realistic development capacity was determined; and the approach used for the identification of sites. An overview of the existing capacity in the City is also provided, including residential projects in the pipeline with remaining entitlements or pending residential units that are anticipated in the planning period, and the corresponding approved or anticipated affordability for the units in each project, an analysis of vacant and underutilized sites where housing is currently an allowed use, and the projection of accessory dwelling units anticipated for the planning period. 2 Regional Housing Needs Allocation
Pursuant to State law, each jurisdiction in the State has a responsibility to accommodate a share of the projected housing needs in its region. The California Department of Housing and Community Development ( HCD) assesses each region' s housing needs and allocates a unit count (the RHNA) to each region in the state. The RHNA is mandated by State housing law as part of the periodic process of updating local Housing Elements of General Plans. The RHNA quantifies the need for housing within each jurisdiction during specified planning periods.

As part of the assessment and allocation process, each Councils of Governments develops a methodology to determine each jurisdiction' s RHNA as a share of the regional housing need provided by HCD. Each jurisdiction' s RHNA is broken down by income category, ensuring that all economic groups are accommodated. The methodology generally distributes more housing, particularly lower -income housing, near jobs, transit, and resources linked to long- term improvements of life outcomes, and must further State objectives, including affirmatively furthering fair housing. 1 For sites that are identified in the Sites Inventory to meet the lower -income RHNA it is assumed that 50% of the realistic capacity of a site counts toward the low-income RHNA, and 50% of realistic capacity counts toward the very -low income RHNA.

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The City' s share of regional housing need was determined by a methodology prepared by the Southern California Association of Governments ( SCAG) as part of its Final Regional Housing Needs Assessment Allocation Plan adopted in March 2021 and updated June 2021. In accordance with the Final RHNA Allocation Plan, the City must plan to accommodate 2, 513 total housing units for the projection period beginning June 30, 2021, and ending October 15, 2029. This is equal to a yearly average of approximately 303 housing units. The 2, 513 total units are split into four RHNA income categories ( very low-, low-, moderate-, and above moderate -income). Table 1 provides the City' s RHNA by income category. Of the 2, 513 total units, the City must plan to accommodate 619 units for very low- income households, 409 units for low- income households, 471 units for moderate - income households, and 1, 014 units for above moderate -income households from 2021 to 2029.

Table 1. City of Highland RHNA 2021- 2029
Income Category Units Percent of Total
Very Low -Income 619 24. 6%
Low - Income 409 16. 3%
Moderate - Income 471 18. 7%
Above Moderate - Income 1, 014 40. 4%
Total 2, 513 100%

1. The City has a RHNA of 619 very low- income units. Pursuant to State law ( AB 2634), 50% of the very low- income units are assumed to be extremely low- income. Therefore, the City' s RHNA of 619 very low- income units may be divided into 309 extremely low- income units and 310 very low- income units. However, for the purposes of identifying adequate sites for the RHNA the State law does not mandate the separate accounting of units for extremely low- income households.

To ensure that adequate capacity is maintained in the City throughout the 6th Cycle, additional capacity above and beyond the RHNA assigned to the City has been identified. In accordance with State requirements, the City will monitor the housing capacity identified in this sites analysis throughout the planning period to maintain sufficient capacity for the remaining RHNA at all income levels. 3 Vacant and Underutilized Sites Methodology and
Assumptions
State law requires each jurisdiction to include a land inventory to identify specific sites that are suitable for residential development and to demonstrate that sufficient land is available to provide adequate housing capacity to meet the RHNA for each income level. This section of the sites analysis describes the methodology used to calculate the housing capacity on all vacant and nonvacant developable land within the City limits that is zoned to allow for housing and available to develop within the Housing Element planning period.

3. 1 Process Overview
As part of the sites analysis, the City and consulting team had to identify specific sites that are suitable for residential development to determine whether there are sufficient sites to accommodate the City' s

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regional housing need in total and by income category. This analysis helped the City determine the programs that the City will adopt to make sites available with appropriate zoning, development standards, and infrastructure capacity to accommodate the new construction needed during the 6th Cycle ( see complete infrastructure capacity discussion in the Housing Element' s Appendix C, Constraints and Zoning Analysis).

The sites analysis was completed using geographic information system ( GIS) mapping software using multiple data sets to identify potentially available housing sites, largely depending on SCAG' s annual land use parcel - level dataset ( ALU v. 2019. 2) available from SCAG' s open GIS data portal ( last updated in June 2021). SCAG' s land use dataset provides extensive parcel - level data, including existing land uses principally based on 2019 tax assessor records? In addition, online mapping tools, including Google Earth and Google Maps, as well as City knowledge of the current projects in the pipeline and development interest in certain areas of the City, were used to verify vacant and underutilized status and existing uses.

With the large quantities of vacant land that exist in the City, the sites analysis largely depends on those vacant sites within City limits that permit for residential development under their existing Municipal Code zoning district (zoning district). Additionally, a small number of sites identified in the sites inventory include nonvacant, underutilized parcels. Under State law, if a housing element relies on nonvacant sites to accommodate 50 percent or more of its RHNA for lower -income households the nonvacant site' s existing use is presumed to impede additional residential development unless the housing element describes findings based on substantial evidence that the use will likely be discontinued during the planning period. However, only 11 total parcels identified to accommodate lower -income households have existing uses, while 27 total parcels identified to accommodate lower - income households are vacant. Meaning that the housing element relies on nonvacant sites to accommodate less than a third of its RHNA for lower -income households. Nonetheless, the nonvacant sites were thoughtfully selected based on clear evidence that the existing uses on the sites identified to be underutilized are not considered an impediment to future development Determining which nonvacant sites are underutilized and have the strongest potential for redevelopment can help identify ideal areas for accommodating new housing through redevelopment and capitalizing on existing infrastructure. Underutilized sites are identified through thorough and selective criteria to determine which existing uses are most likely to redevelop when paired with the right land use designation, regulations, and policies. As part of this identification process, an analysis of underutilized sites was conducted to determine where to prioritize Housing Element programs that aim to increase opportunities for housing development.

In addition to analyzing the existing uses and proximity to resources and existing infrastructure on each parcel, the methodology for identifying and prioritizing underutilized sites was largely based on the following factors:

Existing Use —No known existing leases or other contracts that would perpetuate the existing use or prevent redevelopment of the site for additional residential development. Existing Use is z Sources of 2019 existing land use: SCAG_ REF — SCAG' s regional geospatial datasets; ASSESSOR — Assessor' s 2019 tax roll records; CPADCalifornia Protected Areas Database ( version 2020a; accessed September 2020); CSCD — California School Campus Database ( version 2018; accessed September 2020); FMMP— Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program' s Important Farmland GIS data ( accessed September 2020); MIRTA— U. S. Department of Defense' s Military Installations, Ranges, and Training Areas GIs data ( accessed September 2020).

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reasonably expected to be discontinued within the planning period and is not considered an impediment to development in coniunction with all, or some, of the factors listed below.

Building Age — Building that are 50 years or older ( all but two residential buildings identified on underutilized parcels were built prior to 1971). The age of housing is often an indicator of housing conditions. In general, housing that is 30 years or older may need minor repair. Housing over 50 years old is considered aged and more likely to generate major repairs.

Floor Area Ratio — Buildings with a floor area ratio ( FAR) less than 0. 15. FAR is the ratio of a building' s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. The average FAR of nonvacant sites identified to accommodate the RHNA for lower -income households is 0. 03.

Site Size — Parcels greater than 0. 5 acres or less than 10 acres, or smaller parcels with the potential for lot consolidation resulting in a site greater than 0.5 acres. Development of housing affordable to lower -income households on individual parcels that are smaller than 0. 5 acres or larger than 10 acres is not typically considered realistic or feasible. However, parcels less than

0. 5 acres may be included if there is the potential for combining small lots into larger sites to accommodate higher -density development through lot consolidation ( see additional details in Section 3. 2. 1, Lower -Income Sites), which the City will incentivize through Program 23 Lot Consolidation Incentive, of the Housing Element.

While a few nonvacant sites identified to be underutilized have existing residential uses, none of the underutilized sites are known to have been occupied in the past 5 years with housing occupied by lower - income residents. In addition, the existing units on the sites were subtracted from the realistic capacity to calculate the net -new units, and only net -new units were ultimately accounted for toward accommodating the City' s RHNA.

All parcels included in the sites inventory were reviewed for any known environmental constraints; the sites included in the inventory have all been designated for residential development and are not constrained by known site -specific constraints that would limit development. Parcels that were identified as having absolute constraints3 were removed from the site inventory.

Land suitable for residential development must be appropriate and available for residential use in the planning period. As such, the sites were also reviewed according to their development standards and regulations, and compared to recently approved or built residential projects in the same designations where housing is an allowed use.

3. 2 Density and Affordability Assumptions
Government Code Section 65583. 2( c) requires, as part of the analysis of available sites, a local government to demonstrate that the projected residential development capacity of the sites identified in the Housing Element can realistically be achieved. This realistic capacity may use established minimum densities to calculate the housing unit capacity. The sites analysis estimated realistic capacity as shown in Table 2, Density Assumptions by Zone. As a conservative estimate of capacity calculations, the sites analysis estimated realistic capacity based on the minimum permitted density of 20 dwelling units per acre in the City' s R- 4 zone and Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan for sites identified to accommodate the City' s lower -income RHNA. This does not limit the ability of a project to Per Connect SOCaI' s Sustainable Communities Strategy Technical Report' s ( adopted 3, 2020) areas identified to avoid placement of future growth, including absolute constraints such as preserved land where growth has been reduced and redirected, as well as variable constraints where growth could be avoided if possible.

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be built at the higher densities allowed under either the zoning or the General Plan. Furthermore, it is expected that property owners will strive for densities above the minimums, assuming developers can earn greater profits for construction on the same parcel of land. Sites identified to accommodate the City' s RHNA with pending projects have been calculated based on their approved or expected densities and affordability ( see Section 4. 1, Planned, Approved, and Prospective Projects, for a detailed overview of residential development in the pipeline).

Table 2. Density Assumptions by Zone
Zoning District
Maximum Density Realistic Density
Income Level
dwelling units per acre) units per acre)
R- 4 ( Multifamily District) 30 20 Lower
R- 3 ( Multifamily District) 18 12 Moderate
MU ( Mixed Use District) 18 12
Moderate/
Above Moderate
R- 2 ( Two -Family District) 12 8 Moderate
R- 2C ( Corridor Residential District) 9 6 Moderate
R- 1 ( Single - Family District) 6 4 Above Moderate
VR ( Village Residential District) 6 4 Above Moderate
EHV ( East Highland Village District) 6 4 Above Moderate A/ EQ ( Agricultural Equestrian District) 2 2 Above Moderate PD ( Planned Development District)' Variesz Varies
Moderate/
Above Moderate
Greenspot Village & Marketplace Planning Area 2: 30
Varies3
Lower/ Moderate /
SPR- 006- 001) Planning Area 3: 403 Above Moderate
Mediterra Planned Development
Varies Varies'
Moderate
PD 13- 001) Above Moderate
Source: City of Highland Municipal Code, Title 16 Land Use and Development, 2021.

1. The maximum overall intensity of areas designated Planned Development shall be consistent with the provisions of the Highland General Plan or determined through the development review process. Development within areas designated Planned Development are processed using a Specific Plan pursuant to Government Code Section 65450, a planned unit development, a Conditional Use Permit or a similar device.

2. Per the City of Highlands General Plan Land Use Element, Densities for Planned Development areas vary and typically range from 4.6 to 12. 0 dwelling units per acre.

3. See Section 4. 1. 1, Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan, and Sections 4. 2, Lower - Income Sites, and 4. 3, Moderate - Income Sites.

4. See Section 4. 1. 2, Vista Verde at Mediterra, and Sections 4. 3. Moderate - Income Sites. and 4. 4. Above Moderate - Income Sites

3. 2. 1 Lower -Income Sites
In accordance with Housing Element law ( Government Code Section 65583. 2[ c][ 3]), the City' s default density for lower -income sites must permit at least 30 dwelling units per acre. Further, it is detailed under State guidance that sites that are too small or too large ; less than 0. 5 acres or greater than 10 acres may not facilitate developments affordable to lower -income households. As such, sites included in the lower -income sites Inventory with only one parcel have been limited to parcels between 0. 5 and 10 acres. However, parcels less than 0. 5 acres may be included if there is the potential for combining

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small lots into larger lots/ sites to accommodate higher -density development through lot consolidation In total, only two sites identified as appropriate to accommodate lower -income units ( Sites 9A and 18B as identified in Table 11, Sites Inventory Table) include more than 1 parcel and have been identified as having the potential to be reasonably consolidate into one site based on evidence discussed in Section

4. 2, Lower -Income Sites. The City will incentivize lot consolidation through Program 23 Lot Consolidation Incentive, of the Housing Element by amending the Highland Municipal Code to incentivize lot consolidation through an expedited development permit review process on sites identified in the Sites Inventory as having the potential to accommodate lower- or moderate -income units. of this ; Reeme level, se sites have beeR limited te these between 0. 5 aRC-1 10 GeReFally, a c vn S v yi id a c c d- i i+ o vn site a ra have bccii crle iy ,;aF'( a+ All parcels identified as having the potential to be consolidated as a single site, have been clearly marked by a letter following the site number in Table 11.

The
City has one zoning district that permits densities of 30 dwelling units per acre, the R-4, Multifamily District.

As such, sites identified inthis zoning district were included inthe inventory as lower - income sites.

In addition, the City currently has a Residential High Density Special Overlay (HDS) that permits densities of at least 20 but not greater than 30 units per acre. However, the 52-acre HDS Overlay is now located entirely within the 104- acre Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan (Specific Plan) area which allows for a greater density range. The Specific Plan, which was adopted in2013 ( SPR- 006- 001 Greenspot Village & Marketplace), allows adensity range of 18 to 40 dwelling units per acre. As such, the sites analysis relied on the development standards ofthe Specific Plan in lieu of the HDS Overlay, and sites identified inthe Specific Plan zoning designation were included inthe inventory forall three income categories: lower-, moderate-, and above moderate - income., asSpecifically, vacant sites in the Specific Plan area were identified as appropriate toaccommodate lower- and moderate - income housing, further detailed in Sections 4.2, Lower - Income Sites, and 4.3, Moderate - Income Sites while units in the project pipeline in the Specific Plan area have been credited toward the above - moderate - income RHNA based on their approved affordability ( see discussion related to TREH Partners development detailed in Section 4.1. 1, Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Planj. 3.

2. 2 Moderate - Income Sites Primarily
vacant sites in the R-3 (Multifamily District), MU (Mixed Use District), R-2 (Two - Family District), and R-2C ( Corridor Residential District) districts were inventoried atthe moderate - income level based on each zoning district's permitted uses and maximum densities ranging from 9to 18 dwelling units per acre.

All four zoning districts provide opportunities for a range of housing choices at medium densities. As such, all sites identified within the designations were inventoried atthe moderate - income level. In addition, select sites in the PD (Planned Development District), Mediterra Planned Development PD 13- 001) and Greenspot Village & Marketplace ( SPR-006- 001) zoning districts were identified as having the capacity toaccommodate moderate -income sites. 3.

2. 3 Above Moderate - Income Sites Primarily
vacant sites in the Single -Family (R-1), Village Residential (VR), East Highland Village (EHV), and Agricultural Equestrian (A/EQ) districts were inventoried atthe above moderate - income level based on each zoning district's permitted uses and maximum densities ranging from 2to 6 dwelling units per acre. All four zoning districts provide opportunities for a range of housing choices at low densities. As such, all Page 18 City of Highland Sites Analysis and Inventory
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sites identified within the designations were inventoried at the above moderate - income level. In addition, based on the unit count and affordability expected for projects in the pipeline, one site in the Mixed Use ( MU) zoning district, and select sites in the Planned Development ( PD), Mediterra Planned Development ( PD 13- 001), and Greenspot Village & Marketplace ( SPR- 006- 001) zoning districts were identified as having the capacity to accommodate above moderate -income sites.

3. 3 Sites Identified in Previous Housing Elements
Per the statute ( Government Code Section 65583. 2[ c]), a nonvacant parcel identified in a previous planning period and a vacant parcel that has been included in two or more previous consecutive planning periods cannot be used to accommodate the lower -income RHNA unless the parcel is subject to a program in the Housing Element to allow residential use by right for housing developments in which at least 20 percent of the units are affordable to lower -income households.

A total of 30 of the parcels identified in the 2021 Housing Element for lower -income housing were included in a previous Housing Element ( see below for individual site and parcel details). Housing Element Program 8 commits the City to permit the development of housing by right on these parcels where 20 percent of the total units in the development will be affordable to lower -income households, consistent with Assembly Bill 1397 ( 2017). All parcels included in previous cycle( s) in accordance with the criteria of State law, are called out in the first column of Table 11, Sites Inventory Table. 4 Existing Capacity
The following is a description of planned, approved, or prospective projects expected to be completed within the planning period, and the residential capacity on vacant and underutilized sites within each zoning district permitting residential uses. Figure 1, City Overview of Sites Inventory, provides an overview of the existing capacity identified in the sites inventory. The vacant and underutilized sites identified in Figure 1 are the vacant and nonvacant sites that have been included in the sites inventory.

It is not a comprehensive inventory of all vacant and underutilized sites in the City.

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4. 1 Planned, Approved, and Prospective Projects
Several development projects in the pipeline are seeking entitlements or actively pursuing construction, or have prospective development expected to be built within the planning period. Table 3, Summary of Pipeline Residential Development, summarizes the current inventory of nine residential projects included in the sites inventory with active entitlements or under review, or with prospective development and expected to be built within the planning period. Figure 2, Pipeline Residential Projects, provides an overview of the nine residential projects in the pipeline included in the sites inventory. As of August 2021, there were an estimated' 752 housing units in the pipeline that are counted toward meeting the 6th Cycle RHNA. There are a number of other projects in the City with residential units, such as single -unit developments, that have not been included in this analysis but are expected to be completed during the planning period.

Table 3. Summary of Pipeline Residential Development
Project
Lower - Income Moderate - Income Above Moderate -
Total Units
Units Units Income Units
Total Pipeline Residential
Development Credited Toward RHNA
663752 a-,= 52
Source: City of Highland
RHNA = Regional Housing Needs Allocation
See Sites 233- 243232- 24 in Table 11 for individual site and parcel details.

4. 1. 1 Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan
The Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan is a master - planned, mixed - use development located west of Interstate 210 within the area identified in the City' s General Plan Land Use Element as the Golden Triangle Community Policy Area," and the City' s zoning designation SPR- 006- 001. The Specific Plan includes three planning areas Planning Area 1 allows for commercial uses; Planning Area 2 allows for residential uses; and Planning Area 3 permits a mix of residential, commercial, governmental, and professional office uses. The total number of dwelling units between Planning Areas 2 and 3 may not exceed 800. Planning Areas 2 and 3 allow development at density ranges of 20 to 30 and 18 to 40 dwelling units per acre and permit 500 to 700 units and 100 to 300 units, respectively; within that limit, dwelling units may be transferred between Planning Areas 2 and 3.

As detailed in the section below, a total of 200 multifamily units in Planning Area 2 expected to be completed during the planning period have been credited toward the above moderate - income RHNA see Section 4. 1. 1. 1, Planning Area 2/ TREH Partners Project, for details). In addition, a 200- unit residential project in Planning Area 3 will be completed during the planning period; however, construction is already underway and the units were previously included in the CitVs 2020 annual progress report during the 5th Cycle planning period, so they have not been credited towards the 6th Cycle RHNA ( see Section 4. 1. 1. 2, Planning Area 3, for details). Based on the total number of residential units permitted by the Specific Plan, a remaining capacity of 400 total units exists in the Specific Plan area. As a residential proiect has not been proposed and approved by the City for the remaining capacity of 400 units, they are not credited as pipeline projects, but they have been identified as existing capacity

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and included in the Sites Inventory ( see Sections 4. 2, Lower - Income Sites, and 4. 3 Moderate - Income Sites .

4. 1. 1. 1 Planning Area 2/ TREH Partners Project
Planning Area 2 is envisioned for high -density residential villages and open space and permits a minimum of 20 and up to 30 dwelling units per acre and allows single- family detached and attached housing, including townhomes, duplexes, and small to large multiple - family attached structures. The planning area permits 500 to 700 dwelling units so long as the total dwelling unit count for the overall Specific Plan area does not exceed 800 dwelling units. { e m es+4e4tia4 uses and Fange in he6lS' Rg types permitted, and vaeant ';-;Rd- -available, the sates inveRtery expe a-ad- 2-04-mo4er-ate-_InrEe. m, e n,+ S 1R - ddit; G^: A 200- unit, rental multifamily project is expected to be developed by TREH Partners as part of the Greenspot Crossings Market lace project; an approximately 19. 8- acre mixed -use project ( Parcels 1201- 331- 01, 1201- 341- 01, 1201- 341- 08, and 1201- 341- 09). As of August 2021, City Council approved a Design Review Application ( DRA No. 20- 012) for the construction of approximately 85, 316 square feet of commercial uses ( Greenspot Crossings) within Planning Area 1, a 200 attached residential unit complex with a 6, 214- square- foot clubhouse in Planning Area 2, and a Tentative Parcel Map ( TPM No. 20- 002) to increase the number of parcels from four parcels to eight parcels. The 200 units will be built on an 8. 79- acre pad for an average density of approximately 22. 75 dwelling units per acre;. iney are expected to be built in the planning period, and they have been e4 credited toward. iR the sates inventory , the above moderate - income RHNAUR45.

4. 1. 1. 2 Planning Area 3
Planning Area 3 is envisioned for a mix of residential, retail, office, and commercial uses and permits a minimum 18 and up to 40 dwelling units per acre. The planning area permits 100 to 300 dwelling units so long as the total dwelling unit count for the overall Specific Plan area does not exceed 800 dwelling units. There is currently one active project in Planning Area 3, the San Carlo Townhome Apartments. The San Carlo Townhome Apartments project is a 200- unit development on Greenspot Road, being developed by Rexco Development at an approximate density of-1820 dwelling units per acre. The residential project, entitled in 2020, is located on 10. 85 acres on the southern portion of Planning Area 3 and was finishing the construction plan check and process for the grading permits in March 2021. As such, the 200 units have been excluded from the sites inventory, leaving a remaining capacity of 100 units permitted in Planning Area 3.
bd!' eu on the perFfiitted
I
EJI eFi5iiies, Fange PH heusing types, aRel vaednt land available, the 100 UHits have Based
on the total number of 800 residential units permitted under the Specific Plan, a remainder of 400 units can be built between Planning Areas 2 and 3. These 400 units have been identified as existing capacity.

The Sites Inventory assumes housing will be developed at a mix of lower -and moderate -income levels in Planning Areas 2 and 3, including 200 lower -income units and 200 moderate -income units. See Sections

4. 2, Lower - Income Sites, and 4. 3, Moderate - Income Sites, for details on existing capacity.

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4. 1. 2 Vista Verde at Mediterra
Mediterra is a planned development community ( PD 13- 001) off Greenspot Road on the far eastern side of the City. The prai4Mediterra includes eight planning areas that allow for a low -density residential development of 200 residential lots ( 2. 1 to 6 dwelling units per acre); a medium -density development of 110 residential units ( 4 to 12 dwelling units per acre); six estate lots (0 to 2 dwelling units per acre); and several lettered lots containing two parks, landscaping, and a water quality management basin on approximately 178 gross acres. As of August 2024-,-a- L Design Review Application ( DRA- 21- 007) was sad -approved by Planning Commission ( Resolution No. 2021- 014) in August 2021 to the City Vista Verde at Mediterra by D. R. Horton for the construction of a 149 single- family home community, a public park, public trails, a private common area, a private community pool, and recreation center within Phases 1 and 2 of the Mediterra Planned Development ( Parcels 0297- 021- 25, 0297- 021- 26, 0297- 021- 27, and 0297- 021- 28). The 149 single- family units in Vista Verde at Mediterra are expected to be built in the planning period, and they have been credited toward the above moderate -income RHNA see Table 4), 9.,,..'„ aoa ; R + hP 1; 4PI. ; . +,. , -, beve ., e- d-e-Fat„ ;Reeme ,,+ The remaining 167 dwelling units that are permitted inthe Mediterra Planned Development expected tobe completed as part of Phase III and IV of the Mediterra development have OR the GOMFAWAity haVe been not been credited towards the RHNA, however they have been identified as existing capacity and have been included inthe sites inventory as moderate- and above moderate -income units based on the range of medium and low densities permitted (see Table4Sections4.3, Moderate - Income Sites, and 4.4, Above - Moderate— Income Sites). 4.

1. 3 Blossom Trails Blossom
Trails is a residential housing development in East Highlands Ranch on the southwest corner of Church Street and Greenspot Road that will include 137 single- family units on approximately 25.5 acres Parcels 1201- 401- 02 and 1201- 431- 61) at an approximate density of 5.4 dwelling units per acre. The City adopted the development's Tentative Tract Map (TTM 17-001, No. 20090) and Tentative Parcel Map TPM 17-002, No. 19958) in March 2018. The 137 units are expected tobe completed during theplanning period and have been included in the sites inventory as above moderate - income units. 4.

1. 4 Highland Park Highland
Park is a planned development communityonthe north side of Base Line Street inthe eastern side of the City. The project has received a Tentative Tact Map (TTM 19915), which received an extension of 18 months under Assembly Bill 1561 but has not received building permits as of June 2021. The site is approximately7.9 acres and will include 46 single- family market -rate residential units and a neighborhood park, at an approximate density of 6 dwelling units per acre. The 46 units are expected tobe completed during the planning period and have been included inthe sites inventory as above moderate - income units. 4.

1. 5 Crestwood Communities The
Crestwood Communities development is planned toaccommodate 49-50 market - rate, attached condominiums within 12 two- story buildings, associated landscaping, active and passive recreation amenities, and parking. The City approved a Tentative Tract Map (TTM 18-002, No. 20190) for aplanned development onapproximately4.2 acres ( Parcel 1200- 041- 02) in 2018 at an approximate density of 12 Page 113 City of Highland Sites Analysis andInventory
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dwelling units per acre. The 49-50 units are expected to be completed during the planning period and have been included in the sites inventory as above moderate - income units.

4. 1. 6 Other Pending Projects
Other pending projects that have been included in the sites inventory are as follows:

Kiel 54 at 29996 Santa Ana Canyon Road ( Parcel 1210- 371- 51) 54 single-family homes on approximately 21. 6 acres at a density of approximately 2. 5 dwelling units per acre. A Tentative Tract Map was approved by the City (TTM 018- 001, No. 20142) in 2018. The 54 units are expected to be completed during the planning period and have been included in the sites inventory as above moderate -income units.

Senior Assisted Living Facility ( Parcels 1191- 181- 01 and 1191- 191- 06) 60 units entitled by the City in 2018 ( Resolution 2018-008). The site is located on Base Line Street east of Sterling Avenue next to the Mountain Breeze Villas, a 168- unit affordable housing apartment complex. The 60 units are expected to be completed during the planning period on approximately 2 acres at a density of approximately 30 dwelling units per acre, and have been included in the sites inventory as above moderate -income units.

Tractor Supply Co. Project ( Parcels 1200- 381- 43 and 1200- 381- 05) A mixed -use project planned to include 1-5-20 market -rate multifamily units and 2- 1 single- family homes, a Tractor Supply Site store, retail space, and a fast-food drive -through restaurant on approximately 9. 1 acres. The proposed project is being developed by Woodcrest Real Estate Ventures and is located at the intersection of Base Line Street and Church Avenue. As of August 2021, the City had received the project' s Design Review Application ( DRA- 21- 004). Construction is expected to begin in 2022 and be completed 1 year later. The 23-21 units have been included in the sites inventory as above moderate -income units.

PaseeDel- Ar$Highland Heights (Parcel 1200- 421-34) 34- 35 small - lot single- family homes being developed by KZ Companies onapproximately2.9 acres at a density of approximately 12dwelling units per acre. As of August 2021, the project has been entitled by the City, but has not received permits. The project is located across from the Tractor Supply Co. project on Base Line Street and Church Avenue. The 34-35 units are expected tobe completed during the planning period and have been included inthe sites inventory as above moderate - income units. Table
4, Pipeline Residential Development Credited Toward RHNA, provides adetailed overview ofthe current inventory of nine residential projects included in the sites inventory with active entitlements, under review, or with prospective development andexpected tobe built within the planning period. Page 114 City of Highland Sites Analysis and Inventory
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Table 4. Pipeline Residential Development Credited Toward RHNA Corresponding
Map ID
See Figure 2)
Project
LowerIncome
Units
ModerateIncome
Units
Above
ModerateIncome Units
Total Units
Credited Toward
RHNA
A
TREH Partners Project in Greenspot
Village & Marketplace Specific Plan 200 600200
B Vista Verde at Mediterra 50= 266149 346149
C Blossom Trails 137 137
D Highland Park 46 46
E Crestwood Communities 4950
F Senior Assisted Living Facility 60 60
G Kiel 54 54 54
H Tractor Supply Co. 1721
1 Pasee Del BroHighland Heights 3435
Total Units 2W— 250— I-,M752
Source: City of Highland
RHNA = Regional Housing Needs Allocation

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4. 2 Lower -Income Sites
P4an-, The City has identified capacity for 1-,-1281, 261 lower -income units on vacant and underutilized sites. With a total of 4—, 3" 1, 2 ., lower -income units, including projections for accessory dwelling units discussed in Section 4. 5,,; the City has identified an adequate supply of land to accommodate the City' s housing allocation of 1, 028 lower -income units ( including 619 very low- and 409 low- income units), as well as a buffer, as required to accommodate the RHNA throughout the planning period.

All44,481, 261 units on vacant and underutilized sites identified as having the capacity to accommodate lower -income units are located on sites in the Multifamily (R- 4) and Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan ( Greenspot Specific Plan) zoning district . The R- 4 zoning district provides for the development of multifamily attached residential dwelling units with enhanced amenities ( common open space and recreation areas) at a minimum density of 20 dwelling units per gross acre and a maximum density of 30 dwelling units per gross acre. As previously discussed in Section 4. 1. 1, Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan, the Specific Plan includes three planning areas. Planning Area 1 is purely commercial, Planning Area 2 permits residential uses, and Planning Area 3 permits a mix of commercial and residential uses. The total number of dwelling units may not exceed 800; within that limit dwelling units may be transferred between Planning Areas 2 and 3. Planning Areas 2 and 3 include the following density ranges and maximum dwelling units permitted:

Planning Area 2 has an allowed density range of 20 to 30 dwelling units per acre and permits a maximum of 500 to 700 dwelling units.

Planning Area 3 has an allowed density range of 18 to 40 dwelling units per acre and permits a maximum of 100 to 300 dwelling units.

Based on the total number of residential units permitted by the Specific Plan and the two proiects currently in the pipeline, there is a remaining capacity of 400 total units in the Specific Plan area 100 of those units may be built in Planning Area 3, and the remaining 300 to 400 dwelling units may be built in Planning Area 2 unless dwelling units are transferred between Planning Areas 2 and 3. Considering permitted densities, purely residential uses, range in housing types permitted, and vacant land available the Sites Inventory assumes housing will be developed at a mix of lower- and moderate - income levels in Planning Areas 2 and 3. As such, 100 lower -income units in Planning Area 2 and 100 lower -income units in Planning Area 3 have been included in the Sites Inventory. The remaining 200- unit capacity has been identified as appropriate to accommodate moderate - income units ( see Section 4. 3 Moderate - Income Sites). It should be noted that the parcels in Planning Areas 2 and 3 have been grouped together as Sites 27C and 27D, respectively, in Table 11; however, unlike the other sites identified to be consolidated and denoted by a letter following their site number in Table 11, all of the parcels included in Sites 27C and 27D are not expected to all be consolidated and developed as a single site. Instead the developers have the flexibility to develop the sites in accordance with the unit cap set for each Planning Area.

Approximately 69 acres of the City are in the R- 4 designation, and 104 acres are in the Greenspot Specific Plan. However, as discussed in Section 3. 2. 1. only parcels or consolidated sites (sites can be made up of single parcels, or two or more parcels that are anticipated to be consolidated and developed into a single site) greater than 0. 5 acres or less than 10 acres have been included in the sites inventory.

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Based on the permitted density and range of permitted multifamily residential uses and neighborhood - serving amenities, the sites have been identified as appropriate to accommodate lower -income housing.

The two lower -income sites that were identified as having the potential for combining twos aillots into larger lots through lot consolidation are sites 9A and 18B as identified in Table 11 Sites Inventory Table.

Both sites include atotal of two parcels that have been identified as having the potential tobe reasonably consolidated into one site. Each site contains aparcel that
is individually larger than the minimum 0.5- acre . i
requirement, and as such, those parcels would still be appropriate toaccommodate the lower - income RHNA without
assuming they will be consolidated. However, both
parcels in Site 9A and 18B are owned by the same property owners. Under each site's common ownership and
adjacent geographical locations, it is reasonable to e..,, fir• assume that the parcels could be consolidated as one site.

To facilitate this opportunity, the City will incentivize lot consolidation through an expedited~ development
permit review process. See Program 23, 1 Lot
Consolidation Incentive, of the Housing Element for program details. Both
parcels in Site 9A are owned by the same propert owner.

The larger parcel ( Assessor' s Parcel Number 1191-
181- 07) is a 4. 56- acre vacant lot. The second parcel ( Assessor' s Parcel Number 1191-181-06) is a 0.
16- acre vacant lot. As shown on the image ( i. Site 9A), it would be extremely reasonable to assume that the parcels could be consolidated into one site to maximize the
lot size and development opportunity. Both
parcels in Site 18B are also owned by the same property owner. The larger parcel (Assessor' s Parcel Number
1191-241- 17) on the right is a 0. 66- acre vacant lot
and was identified as underutilized based on the existing use and structure built in 1965 with a floor area ratio of 0.06. The second parcel ( Assessor' s Parcel Number
1191-241- 18) on the left is a 0. 41- acre vacant lot.

As shown on the image ( ii. Site 18B), it would be reasonable toassume that the parcels could be consolidated
into one site to capitalize on the adjacent vacant
lot and maximize the lot size and development opportunity.

I---- :
e: a_ - Image
ii. Site 188 Page
1 18 City of Highland Sites Analysis and Inventory
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Based on a realistic residential development potential of 20 dwelling units per acre in the R- 4 zone and Greenspot Specific Plan, a total of 34 28 sites ^ e' ' ^^+" r^^ ^^ s^' 0d;# pA '+^-` with' 1, 261 units on approximately 7 9n1 total acres have been included in the sites inventory. Table 5 provides a summary of all vacant and underutilized lower -income sites in the R- 4 and _Greenspot Specific Plan zoning district identified in the sites inventory, including vacant parcels and 4-& 11 underutilized parcels making up a total of -3-1- 28 sites.

4. 2. 1 Nonvacant Sites
All but two of the underutilized parcels identified have structures built over 55 years ago, and the average year of construction for all underutilized parcels is 1949. While many of the underutilized sites have existing residential uses, the majority are single- family homes with one residential unit on large parcels, and the average floor -area -ratio for all underutilized parcels included is 0. 04. The maiority of the land in the underutilized parcels remain largely undeveloped without any existing structures that may constitute an impediment to additional residential development. A site by site description and explanation for the methodology used to determine the additional development potential of the parcels identified as underutilized within the planning period is provided below. It is expected that the programs of the Housing Element that aim to streamline and facilitate affordable housing, as outlined in Section 4 of Appendix C, coupled with market conditions related to housing market trends, are strong incentives to encourage additional residential development on the sites identified as underutilized.

4. 2. 1. 1 Site 2 ( APN 0278- 131- 48)
1 t4Lk
s.

Image iii. Site 2
Site 2 was determined to have additional development potential within the planning period. As can be clearly seen on Image iii. Site 2, the maiority of the site remains completely undeveloped and is currently underutilized as a large, open dirt field. On the northern portion of the site, there appear to be three nonresidential structures. Assessor' s land use data recognizes two structures on the property built in 1980 and classifies the structures as facilities. The overall floor area ratio is 0. 04 and the parcel has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 3. 4 acres. There is opportunity for redevelopment of the parcel, or development of the southern undeveloped portion of the lot, by the current owner or a potential developer through a lot split or lot line adjustment. While they are not part of Site 2, two large vacant parcels south and west of Site 2 are owned by the same owner, and, they have been identified as Sites 3

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and 5 in the Sites Inventory. Market conditions related to housing market trends and record -prices could be a strong incentive to encourage additional residential development on Site 2 Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone Site 2 could accommodate approximately 76 lower -income dwelling units.

4. 2. 1. 2 Site 6 (0278- 201- 26)
Site 6 was identified as underutilized largely based on the clearly abandoned existing use and underutilized parcel as a large portion of the lot remains undeveloped. The existing structure is a vacant and extremely dilapidated building with a floor area ratio of 0. 08 and a for sale sign as shown on Image iv, Site 6. While they are not part of Site 6, the two large vacant parcels east and west of Site 6 share common ownership with Site 6 and are included as Sites 7 and 8 in the Sites Inventory. Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone Site 6 could accommodate approximately 19 lower -income dwelling units.

Image iv. Site 6
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Image v. Site 6 Aerial View

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4. 2. 1. 3 Sites 12 through 14
Sites 12 through 14 are located on the north side of the City. They are each adjacent to each other and share common ownership. As is clearly shown on Image vi. Sites 12 through 14 Aerial View, the majority of each parcel remains largely undeveloped as open dirt or grass fields. The sites are within a half mile to many resources including a grocery store, public park, senior center, two high schools and an elementary school. They are also near several commercial and residential proiects in the City' s development pipeline, signaling developer interest in the area.

Image vi. Sites 12 throueh 14 Aerial View
Site 12 ( 1191- 241- 09)
The northern parcel shown on Image vi. Sites 12 through 14 Aerial View, Site 12, has one existing residential unit built in 1979 with a floor area ratio of 0. 033. The 1. 46- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 1. 25 acres, as shown on Image vii. Site 12 Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone the site could accommodate approximately 29 lower -income dwelling units (28 net new units).

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AK
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4 Image vii. Site 12
Site 13 ( 1191- 241- 10
The middle parcel shown on Image vi. Sites 12 through 14 Aerial View, Site 13, has one 66- year- old existing residential unit built in 1955 with a floor area ratio of 0. 0099. The approximately 4. 91- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 4. 77 acres as shown on Image viii. Site 13. Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone, the site could accommodate approximately 98 lower -income dwelling units ( 97 net new units) Image viii. Site 13
Site 14 ( 1191- 241- 12)
The bottom parcel shown on Image vi. Sites 12 through 14 Aerial View, Site 14, has one, 58-year-old existing residential unit built in 1963 with a floor area ratio of 0. 0099. The 4. 92- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 4. 77 acres, as shown on Image ix. Site 14.

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Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone the site could accommodate approximately 98 lower -income dwelling units ( 97 net new units).

Imaae ix. Site 14

4. 2. 1. 4 Site 17 ( 1191- 241- 15
Site 17 is identified as underutilized, largely based on the existing structure, including the age of the structure, and building condition, and the floor area ratio and development potential remaining on the unbuilt portion of the site. Site 17 is adjacent to two other sites identified in the Sites Inventory, including the vacant parcel directly to the east, shown on Image x. Site 17 Aerial View. Site 17 is within a half mile to many resources including a grocery store, public park, senior center, two high schools and an elementary school. The site is also near several commercial and residential protects in the City' s development pipeline, signaling developer interest in the area.

The site has one existing structure on the southern boundary of the parcel and the remainder of the parcel remains largely undeveloped with an overall site floor area ratio of 0.0075. The existing structure is a 70- year—old residential unit built in 1951 that appears to be in need of rehabilitation as shown on Image xi, Site 17. The 0. 71- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 0. 65 acres. Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone, the site could accommodate approximately 14 lower -income dwelling units ( 13 net new unfits .

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Image x. Site 17 Aerial View
AL Lam__ `.

Imaae xi. Site 17

4. 2. 1. 5 Site 18B ( 1191- 241- 17)
One of the parcels in Site 18B ( see pervious Image ii. Site 18B for an aerial image of the site) is identified as underutilized, largely based on the existing structure, including the age of the structure and building condition, and the floor area ratio and development potential remaining on the unbuilt portion of the Site. The Site is within a half mile to many resources including a grocery store, public park senior

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center, two high schools and an elementary school. They are also near several commercial and residential projects in the City' s development pipeline, signaling developer interest in the area The 0. 66- acre parcel has one existing structure on the south east corner of the parcel and the remainder of the parcel remains largely undeveloped with an unbuilt acreage of approximately 0.6 acres The parcel has a floor area ratio of 0. 046. The existing structure is a 56- year—old residential unit built in 1956 that appears to be in need of rehabilitation with a for sale sign as shown on Image xii, Site 18B In combination with the vacant parcel identified as part of Site 18B ( 1191- 241- 17) the site could accommodate approximately 21 lower -income dwelling units ( 20 net -new units) based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone.

See Image ii. Site 18B Aerial View, for an arial image of the Site.

Image xii. Site 18B

4. 2. 1. 6 Site 20 ( 1192- 431- 04)
Site 20 shown on Image xiii. Site 20 Aerial View, is identified as underutilized, based on the clearly dilapidated, vacant residential unit and extremely low floor area ratio. The parcel has one vacant dilapidated residential unit that appears to be uninhabitable, as shown on Image xiv. Site 20 The structure was built in 1945 and has a floor area ratio of 0. 014.

The 1. 74- acre parcel has an unbuilt acreage of 1. 7 acres. The property is owned by the Housin Authority. The City' s Housing Authority is currently in the process of declaring the properties as surplus consistent with the provisions of Government Code Section 54221. The City' s Housing Authoritv anticipates development of an affordable senior housing proiect through a ground lease with an affordable housing developer. The City anticipates the redevelopment of the parcel to generate 90 to. 110 affordable senior housing units in combination with vacant Site 21 during the planning period. Site 20 has been included in the Sites Inventory with a realistic capacity to accommodate approximatelv 40 lower -income units.

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Image xiii. Site 20 Aerial View
Imaae xiv. Site 20

4. 2. 1. 7 Site 22 (1192- 581- 03)
Site 22 is identified as underutilized, largely based on the existing structure, including the age of the structure, and building condition, and large portion of the lot that remains undeveloped as shown on Image xv. Site 22 Aerial View. The site has one existing structure on the northern boundary of the parcel and the remainder of the parcel remains largely undeveloped with an overall site floor area ratio of 0. 017. The parcel has one small residential unit with a for sale sign as shown on Image xvi Site 22 The existing structure is a 73- year- old residential unit built in 1948.

The 1. 88- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 1 78 acres Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone the site could accommodate approximately 38 lower -income dwelling units ( 37net new units).

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4.2. 1. 8 Sites 28 and 29
Sites 28 and 29 are located directly south of the Housing Authority property ( Sites 20 and 21). Like the majority of sites identified as underutilized, both sites have older, residential units that appear to be in need of substantial rehabilitation on the front end of the lot, and as clearly shown on Image xvii. Sites 28 and 29 Aerial View, the majority of each parcel remains largely undeveloped as open dirt or grass fields.

Image xvii. Sites 28 and 29 Aerial View
Site 28 ( 1192- 431- 06)
The northern parcel on Image xvii. Sites 28 and 29 Aerial View, Site 28, has one existing 100- vear—old residential unit built in 1920 with a floor area ratio of 0. 016 that appears in need of rehabilitation as shown on Image xviii. Site 28. The approximately 2. 14- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately 2. 08 acres. Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone, the site could accommodate approximately 43 lower -income dwelling units (42 net new units).

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Image xviii. Site 28
Site 29 ( 1192- 431- 07)
The southern parcel on Image xvii. Sites 28 and 29 Aerial View, Site 28, has two small, existing residential units built in 1920. One of the units has 1 bedroom and the other has 2 bedrooms, and appear in need of repairs, as shown on Image xix. Site 29. Site 29 has a floor area ratio of 0. 01. The approximately 2. 7- acre site remains largely undeveloped and has an unbuilt acreage of approximately

2. 6 acres. Based on the realistic development potential and minimum density permitted in the R- 4 zone the site could accommodate approximately 54 lower -income dwelling units ( 52 net new units).

Image xix. Site 29

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See Figure 3, Lower - Income Sites, for an overview of lower -income sites. The vacant and underutilized sites identified in Figure 3 are vacant and nonvacant sites that have been included in the sites inventory.

It is not a comprehensive inventory of all vacant and nonvacant sites in the R- 4 r Greenspot Specific zoning designation.
a
Table 5. Lower -Income Sites Summary
Vacant Underutilized Total Total Maximum Units
Realistic
Total Net- Income
Parcels Parcels Sites Acreage Permitted Capacity (Total New Units Level
Units)
4b27
1" 93.
982, 0% 1-2-81, 261 1 841, 252
owerIncome
See Sites 1-- 3-129 in Table 11 for individual site and parcel details. Page 130 City of Highland Sites Analysis and Inventory
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4. 3 Moderate -Income Sites
PFes , eetiye o...; eets Me City has identified capacity for a total of 2-57-507 moderate -income units on vacant and underutilized sites. As such, the City has identified an adequate supply of land to accommodate the City' s housing allocation of 471 moderate -income units.

The units on vacant and underutilized sites identified as having the capacity to accommodate moderate -income units are located on sites in the Multifamily ( R- 3), Mixed Use ( MU), Two -Family ( R- 2), Corridor Residential ( R- 2C), a+vd- Planned Development ( PD), Greenspot Village & Marketplace ( SPR- 006- 001), and Mediterra Planned Development ( PD 1310011 zoning districts. The R- 3 zoning district provides for the development of multifamily attached residential dwelling units with enhanced amenities common open space and recreation areas) at a maximum allowable density of 18 dwelling units per acre. The MU zoning district provides opportunities for an integrated mix of residential, retail, service, civic, entertainment, and office opportunities in attached or detached structures, developed as a single project or multiple related projects at a maximum allowable residential density of 18 dwelling units per acre. The R- 2 District provides for residential development, including small -lot single- family detached, single- family attached, and multifamily residential uses and mobile homes, at a maximum allowable density of 12 dwelling units per acre. The R- 2C District provides for small -lot single- family detached, single- family attached, and multifamily residential uses at a maximum allowable density of nine dwelling units per acre. Based on the permitted densities and range of permitted residential uses and neighborhood - serving amenities, the sites have been identified as appropriate to accommodate moderate -income housing.

As previously discussed in Section 4. 1. 1, Greenspot Village & Marketplace Specific Plan and Section 4 2 Lower -Income Sites, the Greenspot Specific Plan includes three planning areas. Planning Area 2 permits residential uses, and Planning Area 3 permits a mix of commercial and residential uses. Based on the total number of residential units permitted by the Specific Plan and the two proiects currently in the pipeline, there is a remaining capacity of 400 total units identified in Planning Areas 2 and 3. Due to the permitted densities, purely residential uses, range in housing types permitted, and vacant land available the Sites Inventory assumes housing will be developed at a mix of lower- and moderate - income levels in Planning Areas 2 and 3. As such, 200 moderate - income units in the Greenspot Specific Plan have been identified in the Sites Inventory ( see Site 27D in Table 11, Sites Inventory Table). The remaining 200- unit capacity has been identified as appropriate to accommodate lower -income units ( see Section 4. 2 Lower - Income Sites).

Mediterra is a planned development community ( PD 13- 001) off Greenspot Road. As discussed in Section 4. 1. 2, Vista Verde at Mediterra, Mediterra primarily allows for low -density residential development between 2. 1 to 6 dwelling units per acre and medium -density development between 4 to 12 dwelling units per acre. Considering the total number of residential units permitted in the Mediterra plan area and the Vista Verde at Mediterra project currently in the pipeline, there is a remaining capacity of 167 units identified in the Mediterra Planned Development. Based on the range of medium and low densities permitted and the range in housing types permitted, the Sites Inventory assumes housing will be developed at a mix of moderate- and above - moderate-- income levels. As such 50 moderate -income units in the Mediterra Planned Development have been included in the Sites Inventory ( see Site 231E in Table 11, Sites Inventory Table). The remaining 117- unit capacity has been

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identified as appropriate to accommodate above moderate - income units ( see Section 4.4, Above Moderate - Income Sites).

Approximately 172 acres of the City are in the R- 3, MU, R- 2, or R- 2C zoning designations. However, approximately 130 acres have existing, multifamily residential uses. As such, the sites analysis largely focuses on the remaining vacant parcels. Five moderate -income sites were also identified on parcels in the PD zoning designation. In addition to the combined 250 moderate -income units identified in the Greenspot Specific Plan and Mediterra Planned Development, A tetal Af 35 sites in the in the R- 3, MU, R2, R- 2C, and PD zones with 257 units on approximately 28. 5 total acres have been included in the sites inventory. The unit calculations are based on the realistic residential development potentials included in Table 2, Density Assumptions by Zone. Table 6 provides a summary of all vacant and underutilized moderate -income sites in the R- 3, MU, R- 2, R- 2C, a++d PD, and Greenspot Specific Plan and Mediterra Planned Development zoning designations identified in the sites inventory, including 3.0-38 vacant parcels and 5 underutilized parcels making up a total 3-5-37 sites. All of the underutilized parcels identified have structures built over 70 years ago, and the average year of construction for all underutilized parcels is 1936. Although four of the underutilized sites have existing residential uses, only one of the sites has two dwelling units and the other three have single-family homes with single dwelling units on large parcels, and the average floor -area -ratio for all underutilized parcels included is

0. 03.

See Figure 4, Moderate - Income Sites, for an overview of moderate - income sites. The vacant and underutilized sites identified in Figure 4 are vacant and nonvacant sites that have been included in the sites inventory. It is not a comprehensive inventory of all vacant and nonvacant sites in the R- 3, MU, R- 2, R- 2C, PD, and Greenspot Specific Plan and Mediterra Planned Development zoning designations.

Table 6. Moderate -Income Sites Summary
Vacant Underutilized Total Total
Maximum R
Total Net- Income
Capacity Parcels Parcels Sites Acreage New -Units Level Permitted Total Units)
Moderate -
3038 5 3§ 37 82. 9
I I — I I
Income
See Sites %7D, 30- 64, and 231E32- 66 in Table 11 for individual site and parcel details.

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4. 4 Above Moderate -Income Sites
In addition to the 86-3- 752_above moderate - income units identified in Section 4. 1, the City has identified capacity for- 64-635 above moderate -income units on vacant and underutilized sites. With a total of 71, 387 above moderate - income units, the City has identified an adequate supply of land to accommodate the City' s housing allocation of 1, 014 above moderate -income units.

The units on vacant and underutilized sites identified as having the capacity to accommodate above moderate -income units are located on sites in the Single -Family ( R- 1), Village Residential ( VR), East Highland Village District ( EHV), aod- Agricultural Equestrian District ( A/ EQ), and Mediterra Planned Development ( PD 13- 001) zoning districts.

The R- 1 zoning district provides for the development of single- family residential, small lot single- family detached, and mobile homes at a maximum allowable density of six dwelling units per acre. The VR zoning districts is intended to preserve and enhance the character of the historic townsite while permitting new development and the rehabilitation and reuse of existing structures at a maximum allowable density of six dwelling units per acre. The EHV zoning district provides for small -lot singlefamily residential detached housing with a maximum allowable density of six dwelling units per acre.

The A/ EQ zoning district provides for development of low -density, large -lot, single- family detached residential dwelling units at a maximum allowable density of two dwelling units per acre. Based on the lower densities and residential uses permitted, the sites have been identified as appropriate to accommodate above moderate -income housing.

AS previously detailed in Section 4. 1. 2, Vista Verde at Mediterra, and Section 4. 3, Moderate - Income Sites, Mediterra primarily allows for low- and medium -density residential development. Taking into account the total number of residential units permitted in the Mediterra plan area and the project currently in the pipeline, there is a, a remaining capacity of 167 units identified in the Mediterra Planned Development. Based on the range of medium and low densities permitted and the range in housing types permitted, the Sites Inventory assumes housing will be developed at a mix of moderate- and above - moderate- income levels. As such, 117 above moderate - income units in the Mediterra Planned Development have been included in the Sites Inventory ( see Site 231E in Table 11 Sites Inventory Table). The remaining SO - unit capacity has been identified as appropriate to accommodate moderate - income units ( see Section 4. 3, Moderate - Income Sites).

The sites analysis largely focuses on vacant parcels in the R- 1, VR, EHV, and A/ EQ zoning designations.

One above moderate - income site was also identified on a parcel in the PD zoning designation. in addition to the 117 above moderate - income units identified in the Mediterra Planned Development, a fetal a 164 sites with 541-518 units on approximately 1-JJ126 total acres have been included in the Sites Inventory based on the realistic residential development potentials included in Table 2, Density Assumptions by Zone. Table 7 provides a summary of all vacant and underutilized above moderate - income sites in the R- 1, VR, EHV, A/ EQL afl-d-PD, and Mediterra Planned Development zoning designations identified in the Sites Inventory, including 3& 17163 vacant parcels and 4-5 underutilized parcels making up a total 34&& 165 sites. Only ene of the ' Rder,.+;'; iced ^ r^ e' S has
In% vas ",.;'+; m , o1;' . d ",^° ^ f ^^' The existing uses on the underutilized parcels include one old, nonresidential structure in need of rehabilitation, one old shed, and one older commercial building built in 1964 with a FAR of 0. 0066. In addition, a4-#+dethe three underutilized parcels with existing

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structures are being considered by the City for a rezone. While the rezone is not part of the Housing Element, the City is separately considering rezoning Sites 150 and 218- 228220- 20 identified in the Sites Inventory from their current R- 1 zoning designation to a PD zoning designation to provide a greater degree of design and land use flexibility for future development opportunities.

See Figure 5, Above Moderate - Income Sites, for an overview of above moderate - income sites. The vacant and underutilized sites identified in Figure 5 are vacant and nonvacant sites that have been included in the sites inventory. It is not a comprehensive inventory of all vacant and nonvacant sites in the R- 1, VR, EHV, A/ EO, PD, and Mediterra Planned Development zoning designations.

Table 7. Above Moderate -Income Sites Summary
Vacant Underutilized Total Total
Maximum R
Total Net -
Capacity Level
Parcels Parcels Parcels Sites Acreage New -Units
permitted Total Units)
Above 1, C,
163 54 1656 81 799873 635 sb9635 Moderate- SSS
OOO Income See
Sites 65-231E67 23 in Table 11 for individual site and parcel details. Page 136 City of Highland Sites Analysis andInventory
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4. 5 Accessory Dwelling Unit Projection
The Housing Element may satisfy its RHNA requirement through methods alternative to the identification of sites. One such methodology is through an analysis of the expected number of accessory dwelling units ( ADUs) and junior accessory dwelling units ( JADUs) to be developed within the planning period. The number of ADUs and JADUs that can be credited toward potential development must be based on the following factors:

ADU and JADU development trends since January 2018
Community need and demand for ADUs and JADUs
Resources and incentives available to encourage their development The availability of ADUs and JADUs for occupancy
The anticipated affordability of ADUs and JADUs
Recent changes to legislation governing the development and provision of ADUs and JADUs have sparked growth in these units in cities across California. ADU and JADU production is an ideal strategy for producing needed housing while capitalizing on existing infrastructure, such as water and sewer.

Additionally, this is often a strategy that is more easily accepted by stakeholders who may be resistant to change because these units provide a form of " unseen" density that is palatable to many.

From 2018 through 2020, eight ADUs were permitted in the City. Table 8 details recent ADU and JADU development in the City.

Table 8. Accessory Dwelling Unit and
Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit Development Trends
Year Permitted Units
2018 3
2019 2
2020 5
Source: City of Highland, 2021. Permit Listing Activity Report, 2018- 2020.

Because ADU and JADU legislation has been revised several times since 2017, providing increased opportunities for the development of housing, it is expected that development trends will continue upward. To account for this increased potential, this sites analysis used the trends in ADU construction since January 2018 to estimate new production, which averages 2. 66 ADUs per year. Based on the local incentives and ADU and JADU trends since January 2018, a conservative estimate of the number of units to be produced under this approach is 4 units each year during the planning period ( June 30, 2021, to October 15, 2029), for a total of 33 units.

In addition to calculating the expected number of ADUs and JADUs to be developed within the planning period, the sites analysis must calculate the anticipated affordability of ADUs and JADUs to determine which RHNA income categories they should be counted toward. To facilitate the ADU affordability assumptions for jurisdictions, SCAG conducted the SCAG Regional Accessory Dwelling Unit Affordability Analysis. 4 As part of the analysis, SCAG conducted a survey of rents of 150 existing ADUs from April SCAG ( Southern California Association of Governments). 2020. " SCAG Regional Accessory Dwelling Unit Affordability Analysis" https:Hscag. ca. gov/ sites/ main/ files/ file- attachments/ adu_ affordability_ analysis_ 120120v2. pdf?1606868527.

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through June 2020. Efforts were made to reflect the geographic distribution, size, and other characteristics of ADUs across counties and subregions.

SCAG concluded that 22. 7 percent of ADUs were affordable to very low- income households. Based on these assumptions, of the total 33 ADUs that are projected to be built during the planning period, 8 are estimated to be affordable to very low- income households, 11 to low- income households, 11 to moderate - income households, and 3 to above moderate - income households. Table 9 shows the assumptions for ADU affordability based on the SCAG survey for San Bernardino/ Riverside Counties.

Table 9. Estimated Affordability of Projected ADUs 2021- 2029 Income Level Percent of ADUs Projected Number of ADUs
Very Low -Income 22. 7% 8
Low -Income 34. 8% 11
Moderate - Income 34. 8% 11
Above Moderate - Income 7. 7% 3
Total 100% 33
Source: SCAG ( Southern California Association of Governments). 2020. " SCAG Regional Accessory Dwelling Unit Affordability Analysis." https: l/scag. ca. gov/ sites/ main/ fiies(file- attachments/ adu affordability analysis 12012Ov2. pdf? 16O6868527.

ADU = accessory dwelling unit
In coordination with the updated policies and programs in the Housing Element and the City' s ongoing efforts to promote the development of ADUs and JADUs, it is likely that these units will be produced at a higher rate.
5 Summary of Capacity to Accommodate the RHNA
The City of Highland is a growing community San Bernardino County. Although the western portion of the City ( west of Interstate 210) is largely built -out, large amounts of vacant land remain in the eastern portions of the City with the possibility of providing new housing opportunities. There are also opportunities for ADUs and for the redevelopment of underutilized sites that meet density requirements, have an aging structure, and have a low floor to area ratio ( i. e., low ratio of a building' s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built). The identification of these sites paired with the programs of the Housing Element will ensure that the City can realistically meet the RHNA targets at all income levels for the 6th Cycle.

Table 10 provides a summary of total residential capacity included in the final sites inventory compared to the City' s 6th Cycle RHNA. As shown in Table 10, the City has a total capacity for >-34 - 1, 280 lower - income units, 518 moderate -income units, and -, 42-7- 1, 390 above moderate - income units within the residential pipeline of projects, vacant and underutilized sites, and through the expected number of ADUs and JADUs, which is sufficient capacity to accommodate the RHNA of 2, 513 units.

A site -by -site overview for all sites identified in this sites inventory is included in Table 11. The overview includes each parcel' s Assessor' s Parcel Number; acres; potential number of units under the realistic capacity assumptions; income level; and, if applicable, existing use, age of building, and floor area ratio.

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Appendix F: Community Engagement Summary
Table of Contents
1 Stakeholder Engagement...................................................................................... 1

1. 1 Online Survey.............................................................................................. 1

1. 2 Community Outreach Workshops............................................................................. 1

1. 3 Planning Commission and City Council Joint Session Public Meetinp. .................... 2

1. 4 Stakeholder Interviews................................................................................................. 2

1. 5 Housing Element Update City Website........................................................ 3

1. 6 Public Comments.......................................................................................................... 3 2 Presentation Material.................................................................................................................... 4 Page I i City of Highland Community Engagement Summary
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1 Stakeholder Engagement
The City of Highland ( City) conducted a robust public outreach program that engaged a broad spectrum of the community and stakeholders. Stay-at- home orders of 2020 and 2021 resulting from the Coronavirus COVID- 19) pandemic provided the City with opportunities to explore new avenues for public engagement. Virtual meetings; increasedipg access for those who are . o ._traditionally involved in the planning process and Wig -provided new opportunities for community members to take an active role in their City' s General Plan Housing Element update ^ F^^^« YiFt all . Early outreach and formal engagement activities were held virtually, with bilingual services in English and Spanish and the City took additional informal opportunities to engage the public. The following outreach activities were conducted to engage stakeholders and inform development of the Housing Element.

I - Online Survey
The online survey engaged a total of =. ' participants to better inform local housing needs and concerns. The survey was made available beginning in late 2020 through the summer of 2021 on the City's website, including through a pop- up notification on the City website' s homepage with the survey link to ensure ease of access. The online survey link was also emailed to the City' s interested parties list, a44 teincluding a comprehensive list of stakehelderstakeholdersLs. gfeup,- ate In addition, the link was advertised during virtual public meetings and advertised on the City' s social media accounts ( Facebook and NextDood. This comprehensive publication effort ensured all income groups were represented in the data and throughout the development of the Housing Element.- Survey participants identified a need for single- family housing development, followed by condominiums with multifamily ownership, and accessory dwelling units. Similarly, for those who wish to own a home in the City but do not, respondents acknowledged a lack of available homes within their price range and inability to pay an appropriate down payment as the leading reasons for not owning a home. The vast majority of survey respondents, 94 percent, responded that they currently live in a single- family home, as opposed to only 3 percent who live in a multifamily home. Of the remaining survey participants, 2 percent responded that they currently live in a duplex or attached home, 1 percent in an accessory dwelling unit, and 1 percent in another type of housing. Participants also acknowledged a diversity of reasons for choosing to live in the City, including affordability; proximity to family, friends, and work; safety of neighborhoods; and quality of schools.

Identifying strategies for lower -income households to more easily access home ownership opportunities to a variety of housing types is the desired pathway to address obstacles and meet the City' s housing priorities.

1. 2 Community Outreach Workshops
A virtual community outreach workshop was held in English and Spanish on November 12, 2020, which allowed interested parties to be engaged in a more formal setting where they learned about the planning process, the components of the Housing Element, and the importance of their role in t` at' development of the Housing Element, and were given the opportunity to take part in an open Q& A session. Bilingual English/ Spanish) services were provided during the virtual public workshop to engage a broad spectrum of community members. The workshop was held on a Thursday evening, outside of regular working hours, to facilitate participation and optimize attendance. The workshop was streamed live via Zoom and onto Facebook, and all comments and questions from the workshop and Facebook were read aloud and responded to live as they were available. This workshop was also noticed in the City' s newspaper, website,

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and Facebook page; on NextDoor; and on flyers that were mailed to a list of potentially interested parties and stakeholders to ensure all income groups are represented in the Housing Element. The following is a summary of this virtual workshop.

The virtual workshop, held on November 12, 2020, provided participants an overview and history of the Housing Element components, update process, and explanation ofthe Regional Housing Needs Allocation.

Further, the workshop provided an overview of the Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element as it relates to disadvantaged communities and disproportionate impacts from pollution and fewer community resources. Participants were provided with polling questions relating to their local communities and how they might best be improved through updates to both the Housing Element and the Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element. A second section of the workshop included an explanation of how residents can best get involved in the planning process such— s as, attending virtual meetings and stakeholder interviews; responding to online surveys; using the City' s website, Facebook, and NextDoor as informational resources; and by contacting the City Project Manager with comments, questions, or concerns. The final section of the workshop was an open discussion with participants %vith the inter+ieR of heaFiR^ to hear opinions about the most pervasive issues in the City a3 they Fe',+ related to the Housing Element. Participants identified overcrowding, affordability, lack of accessible amenities, homelessness, illegal dumping, and lack of green spaces in urban areas as their largest concerns in Highlap4Lhe City.

1. 3 Planning Commission and City Council Joint Session Public Meeting A public joint session of the Planning Commission and the City Council occurred on June 8, 2021. City Council and Planning Commission members were provided an overview of the Housing, Public Health and Safety, and Circulation Elements, as well as associated requirements, components, and needs assessment findings. Bilingual services in English and Spanish were available upon request. This was a publicly noticed meeting under the Brown Act, where members of the public were invited to comment on the information being presented. The presentation highlighted the main issues relating to housing supply and affordability in California, including overcrowding, lack of affordability, and lack of supply, as well as explaining the Regional Housing Needs Allocation in the context of the City and its goals for the next 6th Cycle Housing Period from 2021 to 2029. During the discussion portion of the meeting, City Council and Planning Commission members expressed their concern for increasing density and the difficulty associated with maintaining the character of the community; environmental issues associated with greater waste production; circulation issues relating to increased traffic from housing production; and safety issues, including the potential for increased crime. City Council and Planning Commission members also spoke in support of infill projects and incorporating density bonuses and creative design to revitalize communities with higher -density projects.

1. 4 Stakeholder Interviews
As a follow up to the November public workshop, all participants were contacted and invited to participate in individual stakeholder interviews, including individuals and non- profit organizations that provide affordable housing resources to low- income families to ensure persons of all income groups were represented in the Housing Element update. Of those contacted, four participated. Stakeholder interviews were conducted for the Housing, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element updates. Of the organizations and individuals that were contacted, four interviews took place which were conducted in English;

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however, Spanish services were available and offered. General feedback included information on what people like about living in Highland, such as proximity to parks and libraries; concerns about traffic caused by construction; concerns about crime; comments related to the number of people experiencing homelessness; and a calling to address the needs of older adults, especially as it relates to access to medical facilities and public transportation. There were discrepancies among respondents on the availability of accessible neighborhood amenities, although there was also some mention acknowledging that the eastern side of __ it;, has more amenities for residents than the western side. While the feedback received was preliminary, all participants were invited to engage in future public workshops and to follow the ongoing update process.

1. 5 Housing Element Update City Website
The City developed a webpage on their website dedicated to the Housing Element update. The website provided general information about the Housing Element update, including the purpose of the update Regional Housing Needs Allocation ( RHNA) summary, and a link to the Public Health Safety and Environmental Justice Element update occurring concurrently with the Housing Element update.

Upcoming events, City contact information, and the online survey were also advertised on this webpage.

Additionally, pertinent links to documents such as the Public Review Draft, upcoming and past meeting recordings were available on this dedicated webpage. The webpage was available in various languages through the translation tool feature which includes Spanish translation.

1. 6 Public Comments
The Housing Element 6th Cycle Public Review Draft was posted to the City' s website on September 30 2021 and ended on October 30, 2021. The City encouraged public participation during the workshop and joint session meeting. Once the Public Review Draft was posted on the City' s website, the City made a diligent effort to engage the community including all income groups by advertising the Public Review Draft through various forms of media in English and in Spanish. In addition to posting the Public Review Draft on the City' s website, the Public Review Draft was also advertised on the City' s social media accounts such as Facebook and NextDoor, an email announcement was sent to the interested parties list which includes non- profit organizations that provide assistance to low- income households to ensure all income groups were included in the development of the Housing Element. In addition to online media advertising the City also advertised the Public Review Draft on a Public Notice display board at City Hall the Sam Racadio + Environmental Library, and in front the City' s Fire Station No. l.

No public comments were received during the public review period. However, one public comment letter was received outside of the public review period. The public comment letter provided input regarding the City' s assigned RHNA, stating that California residents are moving to different states. The comment letter also cites U. S. Census data, and comments that the data does not accurately reflect the actual income levels on the west side of the City, west of Boulder Avenue. The comment letter also notes general locations of sites identified in the draft Sites Inventory on the west side of the City, some of which may accommodate multifamily development. The letter then states the following regarding the west side of H; ghlandthe City and the neighboring City of San Bernardino: " The West side of Highland already has an abundance of apartments and multiple housing ( mobile homes). Many that are bleeding our paramedic and law enforcement dry with calls for services and crime... numerous apartments on Baseline — some of which are in the City of San Bernardino."

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In response the public comment, the City must prepare and accommodate the proiected housing needs and increased population for the next 8 years. As such, Appendix E — Sites Analysis and Inventory, of the Housing Element identifies sites to ensure there is sufficient capacity, including a buffer, to meet the assigned RHNA. The selected sites identified in Appendix E consider proximity to resources transit and in a manner which affirmatively further fair housing such as promoting mixed -income neighborhoods. A copy of the letter is provided as Attachment 1 below.
2 Presentation Material
The following sections provide an overview, and copies of the presentation materials used during the Planning Commission and City Council Joint Session Public Meeting, Community Outreach Workshop, and results from the online survey can be found at the end of this section.

2. 1 Online Survey Results
A summary and count ofthe responses and results from the online survey are provided below [Exhibit A].

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Exhibit A
City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q1 Do you live east or west of Interstate 210?
Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
East
West
Other( please
specify)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
East 63. 39%
West 36. 61%
Other ( please specify) 0.00%
TOTAL
71 41
0 112
1/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q2 How long have you lived in Highland?
Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
0- 2 years0
2- 5 years
5- 10 years
10+ years
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
0- 2 years

11. 61%
2- 5 years 17. 86%
5- 10 years

16. 96%
10+ years

53. 57%
TOTAL
13 20
19 60
112
2/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental justice Survey Q3 How would you rate the physical condition of the residence you live in? Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Excelten
conditio
Shows signs
minor defen
Needs one or
more modest...

Needs one or
more major..
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES
Excellent condition
Shows signs of minor deferred maintenance ( i. e. peeling paint, chipped stucco, etc.) Needs one or more modest rehabilitation improvements ( i. e. new roof, new siding, etc.) Needs one or more major upgrade ( i. e. new foundation, new plumbing, new electrical, etc.) TOTAL

RESPONSES

32. 14%

44.64%

17.86%

5. 36%
36 50
20 6
112
3/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q4 Why have you chosen to live in Highland? Select all that apply.

Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Close to wo
Close to
family and...

Quality of
housing
Loca
recreation..

Affordability
Quality o
local school
Safety of th
neighborhood
City services)
and programs)'
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Close to work 34. 82%
Close to family and friends 41. 96%
Quality of housing 22. 32%
Local recreation amenities and scenery 21. 43%
Affordability 54. 46%
Quality of local schools 23. 21%
Safety of the neighborhoods 34. 82%
City services and programs 0. 89%
Total Respondents: 112
39 47
25 24
61 26
39 1
4/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q5 Do you own or rent your home?
Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Own
Rent
Live with
other househ...

Currently
homeless
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Own 85. 71%
Rent 3. 57%
Live with other household ( neither own or rent) 10. 71% Currently homeless 0. 00%
TOTAL
96 4
12 0
112
5/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q6 If you wish to own a home in Highland, but do not, what issues are preventing you at this time? Mark all that apply.

Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Icannotfin
a home in..

Icannotfin
a home that.

I do not
currently ha...
currently dj not have the.

Icanno
currently fi..

Ido
currently i
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
I cannot find a home in Highland within my target price range 16.96% 1 cannot find a home that suits my needs ( i. e. size, disability accommodations, etc.) 7. 14% I do not currently have the financial resources for an appropriate down payment 10. 71% 1 currently do not have the financial resources for an adequate monthly mortgage payment 5. 36% 1 cannot currently find a home that suits my quality standards in Highland 6. 25% 1 do not currently wish to own a home in Highland, or already own my home. 72. 32% Total Respondents: 112
19 8
12 6
7 81
6/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q7 Select the type of housing that best describes your current home Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Single fan
ho
Accessory
dwelling uni...

Duplex or
attached home
Multifamily
Home ( Apartm...

Currently
without...

Other (
specify pleas
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Single family home 93. 75% 105
Accessory dwelling unit ( granny flat or guest house) 0. 89% 1 Duplex or attached home 1. 79% 2
Multifamily Home ( Apartment or Condo) 2. 68% 3
Currently without permanent shelter 0. 00% 0
Other ( please specify) 0. 89% 1
TOTAL 112
7/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q8 Which best describes your household type?
Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Single person
Couple ( r
children in
Couple with
children in ...

Single paren
with childre..

Multi- generati
nal ( 3 or mo..

Non- famil
with roommate
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Single person 7. 14% 8
Couple ( no children in the home) 28. 57% 32
Couple with children in the home 47. 32% 53
Single parent with children in home 5.36% 6
Multi - generational ( 3 or more generations in the same home) 8. 93% 10 Non -family with roommates 2. 68% 3
TOTAL 112
8/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q9 What type of housing is most needed in Highland?
Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Single family
Duplex/ attache,
Condominiums
multifamily...

Apartments
multifamily..

Senior Housing
Accessory
Dwelling Uni...

Housingfo
people with..

Other ( please
specify)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Single family 50. 89% 57
Duplex/ attached 4. 46% 5
Condominiums ( multifamily ownership) 12. 50% 14
Apartments ( multifamily rentals) 2. 68% 3
Senior Housing 8. 93% 10
Accessory Dwelling Units ( granny flat or guest house) 12. 50% 14 Housing for people with disabilities 0. 89% 1
Other ( please specify) 7. 14% 8
TOTAL 112
9/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q10 What public facilities, improvements or programs are needed in your neighborhood? ( Select all that apply).

Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Parks and
programs
Sidewalks an
bike lanes
Flood control
Street tree
Other (please specify
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Parks and programs

57. 14%
Sidewalks and bike lanes 49. 11%
Flood control 16. 07%
Street trees 32. 14%
Other ( please specify) 43.75%
Total Respondents: 112
64 55
18 36
49 10 / 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q11 What areas of the City have pollution, such as air pollution, and how could this be improved?
Answered: 87 Skipped: 25
11 / 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q12 What would help you get involved in Highland get engaged in the public decision making process? ( Select all that apply).

Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Maopresentation.

Reach out
youth a1
Use technology
more for...

Pu
notification.-
Use faith an
community..

Other ( pleas
specify
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Make presentations at Senior Centers. 11. 61%
Reach out to youth at schools and libraries. 24. 11%
Use technology more for communications ( i. e. Facebook live or virtual town halls) 66. 96% Put notifications in grocery stores, schools, and other public places. 40. 18% Use faith and community leaders 23. 21%
Other ( please specify) 28.57%
Total Respondents: 112
13 27
75 45
26 32
12/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q13 Is it easy for you to access affordable healthy food? If not, why not? Answered: 112 Skipped: 0
Yes
No - n
convenient..

No - fresh
food options...

Other ( pleas
specify
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Yes 76. 79%
No — no convenient shops near my house. 7. 14%
No - fresh food options are not affordable. 7. 14%
Other ( please specify) 8. 93%
TOTAL
86 8
8 10
112
13/ 14
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City of Highland Housing, Safety and Environmental Justice Survey Q14 Is there anything else you would like to share about the future of Highland? Questions to consider: - Are you satisfied with your current housing situation? Why or Why Not. - Do you feel prepared for a natural disaster ( examples: heat waves, earthquakes, wildfires, etc.)? Why or Why not?
Answered: 91 Skipped: 21
14 / 14
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2. 2 Community Outreach Workshop
A virtual community outreach workshop was held on November 12, 2020, which allowed interested parties to be engaged in a more formal setting where they learned about the planning process, the components of the Housing Element, and the importance of their role in the development of the Housing Element. Although the presentation below is in English, during the meeting, the information was presented both in English and Spanish [ Exhibit B].

City of Highland Community Engagement Summary
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DUDEK
City of Highland' s Housing, Safety &
Environmental Justice Elements Update
COMMUNITY OUTREACH MEETING NO. 1 NOVEMBER 12, 2020
01 Zoom Introduction 03 How to Get Involved
02 Project Overview 04 Next Steps
05 Open Discussion, Q& A
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3 w nrtwpar, u z
Zoom Introduction r. a, wn= ore,
IvCn01e! Lorenzen fVlptti R iJ
Please note that everyone is muted
You may use the " Raise Hand" feature to talk
Use " Chat" to submit any questions for Q& A
O ® • !
a
Z— Group Chat
Par7jci pants Chat Share Screen Reactions
is Ewywe
4 4
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Meet the Team

SALVADOR QUINTANILLA KIM STATER LARRY MAINEZ
City Project Assistant Community Community
Manager Development Director Development Director
DUDEK

ASHA BLUER SHANNON WAGES ROSE NEWBERRY ERIKA VAN SICKEL Dudek Project Housing Lead Safety and Environmental Housing Planner & Manager Justice Lead Spanish Translator
0 -326-
Project Overview
Housing Element
Required Element
of the General Plan
since 1969
Project Overview
Housing Element
Every Jurisdiction
must accommodate
their " fair share" of
housing
Must be updated
every 8 years, next
cycle is 2021- 2029
1 - Regional Housing " 4 2 - Adequate Sites
Needs Allocation ( RHNA) 140 Inventory
4 - Goals, Policies and
3 - Constraints andU@41Implementation Barriers
Programs
8 8
-327-
Project Overview
Housing Element
M.

Project Overview
Questions to Consider:

Why do you live in Highland?
What is the # 1 housing issue that has impacted you, your friends or your family?
What type of housing do you live in? What type of housing would you like to see more of in your community?
10 -328-
Project Overview
Public Healthy, Safety and
Environmental Justice Element
Why update the City' s Health and Safety Element
Address climate change vulnerabilities and other emerging hazards What is Environmental Justice?
The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of laws, regulations, and policies. This goal will be achieved when everyone enjoys:
11 Project Overview
a
Public Healthy, Safety and , o
Environmental yOF Justice Element H1G~
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-329-
Project Overview
Questions to Consider:

What public facilities, improvements or programs are
needed in your neighborhood?
What areas of the City have pollution, such as air pollution, and how could this be improved?
What should the City do to address safety or other health related issues in the City?
13 14
a
-330-
W
How to Get Involved - -
Outreach Opportunities J
14 Virtual Meetings ( English & Spanish)
Stakeholder Interviews
Online Survey ( English & Spanish)
City' s Website, Facebook, Nextdoor
Contact City Project Manager:

Salvador Quintanilla
squintaniIla@ci1yof hig hland. org
909) 864- 6861, Ext. 259
15 16
-331-
Next Steps
We are early in the process...

COLLECTING GIs
DATA
17 Next Steps
E]

DEFINING

COMMUNITY

PRIORITIES
i*a

CONDUCTING

STAKEHOLDER

INTERVIEWS
R-A

PLAN PUBLIC ADDRESS

PREPARATION

REVIEW COMMENTS

PUBLIC HEARINGS
18 HCD SUBMITTAL
7 8
-332-
05 Open Discussion
ThankYou Contact comments:
or
questions or Salvador
Quintanilla squintan1Ila@cityofhighland.
org 909)
864- 6861, Ext. 259
-333-

2. 3 Planning Commission and City Council Joint Session Public Meeting A public joint session of the Planning Commission and City Council occurred on June 8, 2021. City Council and Planning Commission members were provided an overview of the Housing, Public Health and Safety, and Circulation Elements, as well as associated requirements, components, and needs assessment findings. A copy of the PowerPoint presentation is provided below [ Exhibit Q.

City of Highland Community Engagement Summary
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DUDEK
City of Highland
Housing, and Public Health, Safety &,
Environmental Justice Elements

JOINT CITY COUNCIL/ PLANNING COMMISION MEETING
Meeting Overview
01 Introductions 03 Next Steps
JUNE 8, 2021
02 Project Overview 04 Council/ Commission Discussion
-335-
Meet the Team

LAWRENCE MAINEZ KIM STATER SALVADOR QUINTANILLA
Community Assistant Community Associate Planner
Development Director Development Director

ASHA BLUER ERIKA VAN SICKEL
Project Manager Lead Planner

ELIZABETH DICKSON
-336-
5 A set of goals, policies, and actions that address both natural and human caused hazards related to air
pollution, extreme heat, flooding, earthquakes,
hazardous materials, wildfires, and the potential role
of climate change.
6 lia; i t6 I A2AO
-337-
Mitigation
Reducing or
stabilizing the
hazard
High
R
aM
E
R Medium
Low
Preparedness
Readiness in the
event of an
emergency
Response
Stabilizing an
emergency event
High Medium Low
Recovery
Steps to build back
better after an
event
Adaptive Capacity
8 8
-338-
Three ( 3) Street Segments
Cone Camp Road Extension — elimination of the street segment through the Santa Ana River
Base Line — elimination of the street segment connecting from Red Hill to Alta Vista
Greenspot Road Extension to Bryant Street — modify this regional connector into a looping road, connecting back to Garnet Street Bridge What is Environmental Justice?
The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of laws, regulations, and policies. 10 -339-
What is the purpose of the Environmental Justice plan?
Improve health, air quality,
food choices, parks, safety,
streets, sidewalks in
environmental justice
communities ( EJCs).
11 Promote getting involved in
your local government so you
can affect change for your
neighborhood.

Making improvements happen
through programs.

Within the City' s jurisdiction, EJCs are identified through a customized methodology incorporating statewide and community -level data:

Low- income communities with
pollution burden score
75% or above.
12 Address wellness and equity
for EJCs of the City.

Examine existing conditions
for population characteristics,
socioeconomic opportunity,
environmental conditions, and
health and vulnerability
factors.
-340-
A set of goals, policies, and actions that address the
housing needs of all current and anticipated residents at all income levels over eight -years ( 2021- 2029)
13 Identify housing needs
Identify barriers to housing
production
Analyze and further Fair Housing
Identify sites available for housing
Identify programs and actions to
meet the needs
Facilitate housing production on
sites identified
14 Housing Action Plan
4 -341-
New 1. 74
1970- 1980 7 Unit Per Persons
Added
New 4. 52
1990- 2000 7 Unit
Per Persons
Added
4 Ne 3. 32
2010- 2018 7 Un t
Per* 111ki Persons
Added
15 0
0 Overcrowding Changing Affordability Housing Options
Within Households Population • Housing • Housing Supply Changing Needs Overpayment • Low Vacancy
Older adults
16 im
16 -342-
-343-
Units Permitted 5th Cycle RHNA Allocation 6th Cycle RHNA Allocation rnLnLnN
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VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE TOTAL

MODERATE
19 Vacant Sites/ Underutilized
Size Constraints - 0. 5 acres —10 acres
IL Ratio — Structure Value compared to Land Value
Site Inventory • Building Age— 1970' s and older
Requirements
Minimum Densities — 30 du/ ac for lower -income sites
Realistic Capacity — must be based either on:

Past density trends near max allowable density in zone; Or Minimum densities
20 19
to]
-344-
Del Rosa
Amber Hills
West Hight(
Warm
I
SpringsHrlam
PIllSprings
Tt
e
Wdms NorlhNorlw
f
SBD
Park
Victoria
21 22
Mxigotd 4
Eat Hghianda
Approximatel
50% of the City' s
land currently has
OR permits single
family uses
-345-
Inl
UrdUs
By -Right
Processing
Objective Design
Standards
Not Net Loss
03 Next Steps
Density Bonus
Streamlining
Regulatory Relief
-346-
Next Steps
We are here in the process...

O
a

CONDUCTING PLAN PREPARATION PUBLIC REVIEW

OUTREACH
25 25
Approval Steps
10 N,

HCD REVIEW ADDRESS PLAN FINAL

COMMENTS ADOPTION CERTIFICATION
26 26
-347-
27 Any questions or comments?
-348-
2021
Questions for Council/ Commission
the
What
community
have you heard
are
from
the O
biggest safety issues? 000
100
29 Questions for Council/ Commission
What
the community
have you heard
are
from
the O
biggest housing needs O and priorities? ,
30 a
-349-
Questions for Council/ Commission
What specific barriers,
challenges, or factors do you —
think adversely affect housing 000
production in Highland?
31 32
-350-
What Happens If a Jurisdiction Does Not Comply with
State Law?
Pro -Housing Default Rule goes into effect
General Plan deemed inadequate and invalid
Limited access to state funding
Private party lawsuits
Court mandated compliance
Suspension of local control of planning & building decisions Court approval of housing developments
33 Sites Inventory Mapping
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17 -351-
Sites Inventory Mapping
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CalEnviroScreen 3A Resuhs ( June 2018 Update)
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High Polh] tion. Low Population
36 -352-
Attachment 1
j0d,q 5coft
7132 DunJee Avenue
Higk1anJ, CA 92346
9091862- 3839
June 22, 2021
City of Higkland Council, Planning Commission and Staff:

RECEIVED
JUN 2 2 2021

CITY OF HIGHLAND

CITY CLERK
Cou P1( , i
j G, VA n I 1) Gc
cJ O v
I' I611
7 I I v
Regarding tke Housing, Hcaltm, jafety and Environmental elements of tme Proposed General Plan I would like you to considertkc following:
housing The state determined Higkland needs 2,800 mousing units ( 9,296 persons) Wmy? People are fleeing California in droves. Do we want empty homes to 6e vandalized ?
HOW many vacant properties arc now in highland? Wkere are they located? 450 of the momes must be Low income - $ 63,000 or less (Moderate: s93,000) Overcrowding is cited as tme need for more mousing. I submit the income on the West side of Higkland ( West of boulder) is muck less than tmatgiven 63 the state. A complete census needs to be done.

To address the multiple kousing needs, apartments are being considered:
baseline/ Ckurck (designated Towne Center)
baseline/ Central (8 acres Coffee property)
9t1, ( between Central & Drummond)
Central ( between baseline & 9t6) ( City property)
The West side of Highland already Gas an abundance of apartments and multiple housing ( mobile homes). Many that are bleeding our paramedic and law enforcement dry with calls for services and crime. ( Hillview, Pine6urst, numerous apartments on baseline — some of w6ic6 are in the City ofjan gcmardino. Highland also Gas many mobile home parks (C6urc6, Atlantic, baseline, jterling, etc)
-353-
Health Traffic on 5aseline is a disaster! Even when the current expansion is completed, it will; ust cover the safe flow of today' s traffic. The addition of Safety 2800 units ( 9296 people) with 2 vehicles each, will increase automobile traffic 6y 1 8, 592. (Most of it on 5aseline!)
Again, I remind you that statistics regarding multiple housing, such as apartments are usually purchased by absentee landlords and property is not cared for. One only has to look at several apartments in Highland to know that one day they were beautiful townhouses and today they are run- down, crime infested sites that are a blight to their neighborhood and a very real health and safety concern.

Environmental The only way massive building can 6e good for the environment is to have every unit using solar for electricity, water- saverfor lawns and every tenant vehicle no older than 10 years. With such environmental amenities, the cost would certainly exceed even the Moderate income ($ 93, 000) With two vehicles per unit, the added pollution to the air is a given.

For every 600 families an Elementary school is needed. Where will these schools 6e added? Traffic issues already exist at Cole, beattie, Cypress, etc.

Parks are mentioned. Has anyone gone to the large Community Park on Central? It is neither clean or safe. Homeless camp there, urinate on the fences, sleep on the kiosks. The city owns the strip of land to the East of the park I propose that 6e cleaned up so families can enjoy the park.

I am very interested in receiving all information during the process of updating the General Plan, as well as having my questions and comments addressed.

Thank you,
W—AA-& t
ody c tt
-354-
ATTACHMENT 2
Public Health, Safety and
Environmental Justice Element
-355-

6. Public Health, Safety, and
Environmental Justice Element
-356-
City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element -357-
1/ INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Healthy living, public safety, and emergency response are top priorities for the City of Highland ( City), helping to make it a great place to live. The Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element of the General Plan guides the City in creating a safe and healthy place for everyone. The Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element combines two required Elements: Safety and Environmental Justice. The Safety Element is a required Element and must be addressed by every city in California. Environmental Justice is a required Element in cities with disadvantaged communities DACS).

This Element helps prioritize actions that address the greatest health risks to the City in the next 20 years. The Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element guides how the City is built to ensure that people can access healthy food and places to play, regulates which important buildings and services can be built in hazardous areas, and uses nature to improve the City' s air quality and provide shade on hot days. The Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element also prioritizes the needs of DACs, and addresses the compounding health concerns in these communities. The Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element is closely linked to two other Elements of the General Plan: the Land Use Element and the Conservation Element. The Land Use Element regulates where homes, business, and industry can be in Highland and how large they can be, and the Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element recommends where parks, community gardens, and first responder facilities should be placed. The Conservation Element addresses how the City uses natural resources such as water and trees, and the Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element addresses how these resources could be affected by hazard events and climate change, and how natural resources can be used to make the community healthier. The Existing Conditions section of this Element outlines each public health concern facing the City, and the Goals, Policies, and Actions section outlines the City' s public health and safety roadmap to 2040.

DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES
DACS)
Disadvantaged communities'
means an area identified by the
California Environmental Protection
Agency Pursuant to Section 39711 of
the Health and Safety Code or an
area that is a low- income area that
is disproportionately affected by
environmental pollution and other
hazards that can lead to negative
health effects, exposure, or
environmental degradation."
City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element 1 2 -358-
City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element -359-
2/ OUTREACH TO DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES
Defining Environmental Justice Communities CALENVIROSCREEN The Office of Planning and Research requires jurisdictions with census tracts scoring A mapping tool that
helps identify California
above75% in CalEnviroSeen to address environmental justice. Using communities that are CalEnviroScreen, seven census tracts in the City score above 75% ( see Figure 1). most affected by many sources of pollution, and
Summary where people are often
especially vulnerable
Public outreach methods were designed to meet a wide range of community to pollution' s effects. members and generate ideas and feedback representing the broad perspectives of CalEnviroScreen ranks
communities by census
local residents. Due to the global COVID- 19 pandemic, virtual outreach was primarily tract based on data that pursued to ensure barriers due to health and technology were not a burden on are available from State community members' ability to participate. To achieve this goal, 2 community outreach and Federal government meetings were held, 5 stakeholder interviews completed, and 131 survey responses sources. Those census
collected. tracts that are above
the 75th percentile
Community members raised safety and environmental justice issues throughout the on CalEnviroScreen
are considered
outreach process, and these are addressed through the goals, policies, and actions disadvantaged and found at the end of this Element. Copies of the interviews, presentations, and survey are most vulnerable results are included in [ Appendix A]. The discussion below briefly summarizes the to climate change. main topics, issues, and concerns brought forth during these efforts. This General Plan

3.u0,
Community Outreach Meetings which was updated in
June
Two virtual community meetings were held on November 12, 2020, and July 14, 2021, the latter focusing specifically on environmental justice. Both meetings provided an overview of the project, opportunities for attendees to ask and respond to questions, ENVIRONMENTAL information about how to get involved, and an overview of next steps. Spanish

JUSTICE
translation services were offered for both meetings. Environmental justice is the fair treatment
The first meeting was noticed on the City' s website, in the newspaper, on the and meaningful involvement of all people Facebook page, and on Nextdoor, and bilingual (English and Spanish) flyers were sent regardless of race, to interested parties and stakeholders. color, national origin, The list below briefly summarizes key feedback collected during these efforts. or income with respect
to the development
generally feel safe and happy in Highland, like its slower pace implementation,
and enforcement of
there is a lack of amenities and shopping particularly within walking distance environmental laws, there is a lack of healthy restaurant options and participants would like to see a variety regulations, and
policies. Environmental of new grocery stores justice will be achieved concerns about fires and homelessness when everyone enjoys interest in the Greenspot Village development, new parks, preserving the historic district, the same degree and rebates on bicycles to aid in accessing public transit stops of protection from value virtual meeting options, support the creation of a digital application to report environmental and
health hazards, and
issues in the City, and value that communication channels ( particularly the Facebook equal access to the page) are in both Spanish and English decision - making process other comments included concerns regarding bicycle infrastructure and safety, to have a healthy earthquakes, air quality, speeding, and illegal trash dumping; interest in pedestrian environment in which to crosswalks,- need for more sidewalks and park maintenance; support for timed stoplights live, learn, and work. to improve air quality and traffic,- support for street sweeping to increase bike lane accessibility; support for tree planting to cool the City,- interest in a connector to the rail line; like bike lanes and communal areas
City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element 1 4 -360-
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2/ OUTREACH TO DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES
Joint City Council/ Planning Commission Meeting
Ajoint City Council/ Planning Commission Meeting was held on June 8, 2021, which included safety and environmental justice topics. The meeting provided an opportunity for public comment ahead of the presentation, a project overview, next steps, and a discussion in which the City Council and Planning Commission members could both ask and respond to questions. The list below includes feedback collected during this meeting related to safety and environmental justice:
encourages the consideration of additional risk factors in the Safety Element, such as crime air pollution and extreme heat are high- level risks, so hopes the City concentrates more on safe walking and biking, wildfire, and even homelessness since it leads to crime people will bike if there are safe streets for biking that were in the Active Transportation Plan ( adopted in February 2021)
concerns raised over multi -family housing particularly noting traffic, crime, and financial resources required to provide services, as well as associated environmental, trash, and social issues Survey
An online survey was available the City' s website from September 2020 to August 2021. The survey generated 131 individual responses and included safety and environmental justice topics, 53 of which represent the concerns of DACs.' A summary of results is available in [ Appendix A].

Key results from the survey include:

DAC residents were less satisfied with their homes condition, and were less likely to rate it in excellent condition and more likely to indicate their home needed at least one major upgrade.

The top three neighborhood needs selected among those living west of Interstate 210 included sidewalks and bike lanes, street trees, and parks. Other concerns included speeding, road condition, and cars being left on the street.

DAC residents indicated that areas near the airport, warehouses, and major roads were the most polluted, and suggested more greenery, including planting trees, and fewer warehouses to reduce air pollution.

Approximately 64% of DAC residents indicated that using social media and virtual meeting options would help them get engaged in the public decision - making process in Highland.

While most respondents indicated that it is easy for them to access affordable healthy food, approximately 25% of DAC residents felt that there was either no convenient or affordable home near their residence. City- wide, residents felt that supporting new grocery stores, farmer' s markets, and transforming vacant lots into urban agriculture would improve access to healthy food.

Additional concerns of DAC residences included a need to prepare more for hazard events, disparities between east and west sides of Highland, homelessness identified as an issue, need for more amenities such as shopping and restaurants
1 The survey asked respondents ifthey lived east or west of Highway 210. As shown on Figure 4- 1, most of communities west of Highway 210 are designated DACs by CalEnviroScreen, and therefore this delineation was used as a proxy for if a respondent lived in a DAC.

City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element 1 6 -362-
2/ OUTREACH TO DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES
Interviews.

Five interviews were completed in Spring 2021. Key feedback from these interviews is summarized below Limited park space is offset by existing amenities; parks could be further improved byjogging amenities, more community activities at parks, and generally development of more parks and recreation centers for youth in the west side of the City.

Park accessibility could be improved by ensuring everyone can safely walk or bike to a park, this could include street improvements on routes leading to parks.

Safety at parks was a concern, including trash, graffiti, drug use, homelessness issues.

Some residents felt that community facilities were inconvenient to visit; however, were satisfied with the virtual resources.

Respondents felt safe walking and biking, and noted that there are bus stops throughout the City; however, would like to see better connections to regional destinations and trains.

One interviewee noted that it can be difficult to get ahold of the City when there are issues.

Residents expressed an interest quality shopping to be able to spend money locally.

Respondents expressed a desire for increased neighborhood identify and pride in the DACs.

City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element 1 7 -363-
City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element -364-
3/ EXISTING CONDITIONS
This section outlines the current risk and equity concerns the City faces from natural and public health hazards. For each hazard, this assessment explains what the hazard is and what causes it to occur in Highland.

Next the assessment maps where in Highland is most affected by this hazard. From there, this assessment explains who is most vulnerable to each hazard. Then, this assessment explains how the City is already addressing this hazard. Finally, for each natural hazard, this assessment addresses when the hazard occurs; this includes if the hazard is seasonal or is forecasted to get worse as a result of climate change.

This section addresses five public health hazards ( access to healthy living, pollution exposure, physical activity, public facilities, and safe and sanitary homes) and four natural hazards ( extreme heat, flooding, geologic hazards, and wildfires).

PUBLIC HEALTH AND CHRONIC HAZARDS
The places where people live can affect their health. In a healthy community, everyone has access to healthy food, parks, and safe streets; however, low- income communities often have fewer of these healthy resources, and have higher rates of chronic diseases and lower lifespans as a result.' As shown in Table 3- 1, Health Indicators, Highland often scores in the lowest health indicator quartile in comparison to all California census tracts.

Table 3- 1. Health Indicators
Health Indicator
Asthma'
DAC Non- DAC City -Wide

84. 77 63. 14 72. 05
Cardiovascular Disease 11. 58 9. 85 10. 56
Diabetes'" 11. 56% 12. 06% 11. 81%
Obesity'" 34. 92% 27. 86% 31.39%
Low Birth Weights 611% 6. 14% 6. 14%
Sources: California Office of Environment Health Hazard Assessment. 2020. " CalEnviroScreen" Accessed July 9, 2020. httos:// oehha. ca. gov/ calenviroscreen.

Public Health Alliance. 2020. " The California Healthy Places Index" https:// mal2. healthyplacesindexora//.

Legend: 701Ft + +, Quartile 2 = Moderate, Quartile 3 = Poor,

1. Asthma emergency department visits per 10, 000 people

2. Heart attack emergency department visits per 10, 000 people

3. Percent of adults with diabetes

4. Percent of adults with a body mass index over 30 kg/ mz

5. Percent of low -birth -weight infants
Multiple census tracts did not have data collected for this statistic. 1 McCullough, M., D. Feskanich, M. Stampfer, E. Giovannucci, E. Rimm, F. Hu, D. Spiegelman, D. Hunter, G. Colditz, and W. Willett. 2002. " Diet Quality and Major Chronic Disease Risk in Men and Women: Moving toward Improved Dietary Guidance" American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76( 6):
1261- 1271.

City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element 1 9 -365-
3/ EXISTING CONDITIONS
Healthy Food
WHAT
Healthy food is essential for all people, but it can be hard to access and afford for some community members. Having access to affordable healthy food can encourage a healthier diet, lower the risk of chronic disease, and reduce food insecurity'. Studies have shown that people who live near grocery stores have better health outcomes.' For community members without a car, being able to walk or bike to a grocery store or other source of healthy food is imperative.

WHERE
Highland is well - served by grocery stores. Most of the grocery stores are located west of Interstate 210 in the commercial areas of Highland ( see Figure 2). Areas of Highland where households are less likely to own a car are generally within walking or biking distance of a grocery store.4
Community gardens and farmer' s markets can be important sources of healthy foods in communities without supermarkets. Vacant City -owned parcels in neighborhoods with limited food access should be evaluated for their potential to be converted into community gardens, farmer' s markets, or food distribution locations. Figure 2 shows vacant parcels in the food deserts in Highland' s DACs.

WHO
Those most in need of nearby grocery stores include low- income residents and households without access to a car. The majority of low- income residents and BIKIG DISTANCE households without access to a car are located in Highland' s DACs.4 The majority of Biking Distance. Biking grocery stores in Highland are on the western side, which aligns with the locations of distance is considered to
be within %z mile in
Highland' s DACs. This makes nearly all households located in DACs within biking compliance with state distance to a grocery store, and 42% within walking distance. Access to grocery standards. This stores can be seen in Table 4- 2, Food Access Vulnerability. Non- DAC households are background information far less likely to be able to access grocery stores by bike or by walking, but because is meant to include most households in non- DAC communities have access to a car, there are less health people of all levels of bicycle use and using
risks to living farther away from a grocery store. state standards allows data to be compared to
state percentiles.

McCullough, M., D. Feskanich, M. Stampfer, E. Giovannucci, E. Rimm, E Hu, D. Spiegelman, D. Hunter, G. Colditz, and W. Willett. 2002. ` Diet Quality and Major Chronic Disease Risk in Men and Women: Moving toward Improved Dietary Guidance." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76 ( 6):
1261- 1271.

PolicyLink. 2018. " The Grocery Gap." https:// heatthypiacesindex. org/ wp- content/ uploads/ 2018/ 01/ policy_ link_ grocery_ gap. pdf.

Public Health Alliance. 2020. " The California Healthy Places Index" https:// map. healthyplacesindex. org/.

City of Highland Public Health, Safety, and Environmental Justice Element 110 -366-
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3/ EXISTING CONDITIONS
Table 3- 2. Food Access Vulnerability®
DAC Non- DAC City -Wide
Poverty' 70. 27% 33. 20% 48.46%
Access to a Car

86. 47% 95. 71% 91. 91%
Walking Distance to Grocery Store 42. 25% 17. 01% 27. 29% Biking Distance to Grocery Store 44. 42% 64. 89%
Source; City c` ch. arc
Leyerd: Y Quartile 2 = 10oderate. Quartile 3 = Poor. Quartile 4 = Challenged

1. Percent of the population with incomes less than two times the federal poverty level

2. Percent of households with access to an automobile
Note: Rows without highlighting are unable to be compared to the State due to a lack of available statewide data.

HOW
Several non- profit and community - based organizations provide food to families in need at three locations in Highland, helping to close the gap on food access vulnerability. Immanuel Baptist Church, located at 28355 Base Line, provides fresh produce and pantry items once a week to be picked up on site. The Highland Senior Center, located at 3102 E. Highland Avenue, also provides a weekly grocery program offering meats, produce, and non - perishables. The Senior Center serves low- and no -cost lunches on site Monday through Friday, and during COVID- 19, packaged lunches and dinners to go to be picked up in a drive -through format. Highland Community Cross Church, at 6955 Palm Avenue, keeps a community pantry that also offers personal hygiene items.

Parks
WHAT
Parks are important gathering spaces for safe and healthy recreation, which is an important aspect to preventing chronic disease. 6 Parks provide places for children to play and adults to walk. Parks, and the trees inside them, can clean the air and cool down hot days.

WHERE
Highland has five dedicated parks: Cunningham Park, Canyon Oaks Park, Aurantia Park, Highland Community Park, and Oak Creek Park. Three of these parks are east of Foothill Freeway and two are west of Foothill Freeway. The 17- acre Highland Community Park is the home of Central Little League and multiple recreation organizations. In addition to these parks, the City has an agreement with the following schools for use of their outdoor recreation space as parks when school is not in session: Cypress Elementary School, Warm Springs Elementary School, San Gorgonio High School, Thompson Elementary School, Highland Grove Elementary School, Beattie Middle School, Arroyo Verde Elementary School, and Cram Elementary School. Figure 3 shows City parks and schools that participate in this agreement. 6 Sherer, P.M. 2006. The Benefits of Parks: Why America Needs Nore City Parks and Open Space. Trust for Public Land. http:// www.tpi.orEkontent documents/ parks for people Ju12005 pdf
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3/ EXISTING CONDITIONS
In addition to parks, the City builds and maintains an extensive network of multi -use trails. The trails connect regional systems, such as the Santa Ana River Trail and City Creek Trail, with schools, parks, neighborhoods, and shopping. The City has developed a close relationship with the San Bernardino County Flood Control District to share facilities and connect various communities via existing roadways.