AGENDA
KINGSBURG CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING
WEDNESDAY, December 3, 2025 at 6:00pm
Meeting held in the Council Chamber, 1401 Draper Street, Kingsburg, CA 93631 (559) 897-5821
www.cityofkingsburg-ca.gov
The Council Chamber is accessible to the physically disabled. Requests for additional accommodations for the disabled should be made 48 hours prior to the meeting by contacting the City Clerk at 559-897-6520.
Any document that is a public record and provided to a majority of the City Council regarding an open session item on the agenda will be made available for public inspection at City Hall, in the City Clerk's office, during normal business hours. In addition, such documents may be posted on the City's website.
Unless otherwise required by law to be accepted by the City at or prior to a Council meeting or hearing, no documents shall be accepted for Council review unless they are first submitted to the City Clerk by the close of business one day prior to said Council meeting/hearing at which the Council will consider the item to which the documents relate.
The meeting will be held in person. Public comment may be made in person or submitted in writing.
Members of the public who wish to provide written comments are encouraged to submit their comments to the City Clerk at [email protected] by the close of business one day prior to the start of the meeting to ensure that the comments will be available to the City Council. Please indicate the agenda item number to which the comment pertains. Written comments that do not specify a particular agenda item will be marked for the general public comment portion of the meeting. A copy of any written comment will be provided to the City Council at the meeting. Please note that written comments received will not be read aloud during the meeting but will be included with the meeting minutes.
Brandon Pursell, Mayor
Vince Palomar, Mayor Pro Tem Staci Smith, Council Member Laura North, Council Member David M. Silva, Council Member Kingsburg City Council Agenda
December 3, 2025
Invocation to be given by Police Chaplain Cathleen Lawler, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance led by Mayor Brandon Pursell.
CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
APPROVE AGENDA - To better accommodate members of the public or inconvenience in the order of presentation, items on the agenda may not be presented or acted upon in the order listed.
Additions to Agenda may be added only pursuant to California Government Code Section 54954.2 (b).
PRESENTATIONS AND INFORMATIONAL REPORTS: None.
PUBLIC COMMENT - Provides an opportunity for members of the public to address the City Council on items of interest to the public within the Council's jurisdiction and which are not already on the agenda this evening. It is the policy of the Council not to answer questions impromptu. Speakers should limit their comments to not more than THREE (3) minutes. For items which are on the agenda this evening, members of the public will be provided an opportunity to address the Council as each item is brought up for discussion.
CONSENT CALENDAR - Items on the Consent Calendar are considered routine and include a recommended action from Staff and shall be acted on by one motion of the Council. If a Council member requests additional information or would like to pull an item for discussion, that item shall be pulled from the Consent Calendar and acted upon separately. A motion to approve the Consent Calendar is deemed to include a motion to waive the full reading of any ordinance or resolution on the Consent Calendar.
1. Approval of City Council Minutes: Approve the minutes from the November 19, 2025 Regular Council Meeting as prepared by City Clerk Abigail Palsgaard.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
2. Ratify/approve payment of bills listed on the check register for the period November 11, 2025, through November 24, 2025, as prepared by Accounts Payable Clerk Marsha Alves.
Sponsor: Finance Department
3. Approve the 2026 Master Calendar of City Council and all other committees and commissions.- Staff Report prepared by City Clerk Abigail Palsgaard.
Sponsor: City Clerk
4. Deny the “Application for Leave to Present a Late Claim” received on November 17, 2025 and direct staff to issue Form L: Notice of Board Action on Application for Relief from the Claim Filing Statute. - Staff Report prepared by Assistant City Manager Christina Windover.
Sponsor: Assistant City Manager’s Office
5. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Leslie Carpenter to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
Kingsburg City Council Agenda
December 3, 2025
6. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Amanda Carrasco to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
7. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Steve Safarjian to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
8. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Michele Buckner to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
9. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Teresa Nino to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
10. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Julianne Williams to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
11. Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board Appointment- Accept Mayor Pursell’s appointment of Penny Kyle to the Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Board to a term that is set to expire November 2026.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
12. Adopt Resolution 2025-068 Approving and Adopting Express Findings that Modifications or Changes to the California Building Code and California Fire Code are Reasonably Necessary Due to Local Climatic and Geological Conditions. - Staff report by Building Official AJ O’Connell
Sponsor: Community Development Department
13. Waive the first reading and introducing Ordinance 2025-06 Amending and Adding Various Chapters and Sections within Said Chapters of Title 15 of the Kingsburg Municipal Code and Adopting the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2025 Edition, Parts 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 as Amended; Repealing Ordinance 2025-01 and Ordinance 2022-02 and pass the Ordinance to a second reading and adoption at the City Council meeting on January 7, 2025, with the following recital constituting reading the title of the Ordinance:
“AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF KINGSBURG AMENDING AND ADDING VARIOUS CHAPTERS AND SECTIONS WITHIN SAID CHAPTERS OF TITLE 15 OF
THE KINGSBURG MUNICIPAL CODE AND ADOPTING THE CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS, TITLE 24, 2025 EDITION, PARTS 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Kingsburg City Council Agenda
December 3, 2025
11, AND 12, AS AMENDED; REPEALING ORDINANCE 2025-01 AND ORDINANCE 2022-02 OF THE CITY OF KINGSBURG”
- Staff report by Building Official AJ O’Connell
Sponsor: Community Development Department
REGULAR CALENDAR
14. PUBLIC HEARING— AWARDING OF COMPETITIVE HOUSING UNIT ALLOCATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR 2026- Staff Report prepared by Community Development Director Holly Owen
Sponsor: Community Development Department
a. Open Public Hearing
b. Presentation by Community Development Director Holly Owen c. City Council Discussion
d. Open for Public Comment
e. Close Public Comment
f. Continued City Council Discussion
g. Close Public Hearing
h. Possible Actions:
1. Adopt Resolution 2025-065, affirming the recommendation of the Planning Commission to award 88 housing unit allocations to San Joaquin Valley Homes by phasing the award of housing unit allocations according to 16.09.080 of the Kingsburg Growth Management System.
15. PUBLIC HEARING— PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT 2025-01 AND MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR 44 SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL LOTS IN THE CITY OF KINGSBURG - Staff Report prepared by Community Development Director Holly Owen
Sponsor: Community Development Department
a. Open Public Hearing
b. Presentation by Community Development Director Holly Owen c. City Council Discussion
d. Open for Public Comment
e. Close Public Comment
f. Continued City Council Discussion
g. Close Public Hearing
h. Possible Actions:
1. Adopt Resolution 2025-066 approving the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration and the Mitigation Monitoring Program for a 44 lot single-family residential project on APN 394-021-42.
2. Adopt Resolution 2025-067 affirming the Planning Commission approval of the Planned Unit Development (PUD 2025-01) for the project, which involves singlefamily residential uses and associated open space features.
FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
Council requests for future agenda items. Items require a consensus.
Kingsburg City Council Agenda
December 3, 2025
CITY MANAGER’S REPORT
-Cancellation of the December 17, 2025 City Council Meeting.
COUNCIL REPORTS/COUNCIL COMMITTEE REPORTS
Brief report by Council members on City related functions as authorized by the Brown Act.
ADJOURN REGULAR KINGSBURG CITY COUNCIL MEETING INTO CLOSED SESSION:
Public Employment: California Government Code Section 54957 Title: City Manager
ADJOURN OUT OF CLOSED SESSION INTO REGULAR KINGSBURG CITY COUNCIL MEETING AND REPORT OUT OF CLOSED SESSION.
ADJOURN REGULAR KINGSBURG CITY COUNCIL MEETING
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides that no person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
I hereby certify, under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing Agenda was posted at the front entrance of City Hall not less than 72 hours prior to the meeting. Dated this 26th day of November 2025.
____________________________________
Abigail Palsgaard, City Clerk
Kingsburg City Council
Regular Meeting Minutes
November 19, 2025
Invocation was given by Pastor James Gravelle of Assemblies of God Church, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance led by Mayor Brandon Pursell.
CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL: Mayor Pursell called the regular meeting of the Kingsburg City Council to order at 6:02pm.
COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: David Silva, Vince Palomar, Laura North, Staci Smith and Mayor Brandon Pursell.
COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: None.
APPROVE AGENDA: A motion was made by Council Member Palomar, seconded by Council Member Smith, to approve the agenda, as published. The motion carried by a unanimous voice vote.
PRESENTATIONS AND INFORMATIONAL REPORTS: None.
PUBLIC COMMENT: None.
CONSENT CALENDAR: A motion was made by Council Member Smith, seconded by Council Member Silva, to approve the items appearing on the Consent Calendar. The motion carried by a unanimous voice vote.
1. Approval of City Council Minutes: Approve the minutes from the November 5, 2025 Regular Council Meeting as prepared by City Clerk Abigail Palsgaard.
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
2. Ratify/approve payment of bills listed on the check register for the period October 28, 2025, through November 10, 2025, as prepared by Accounts Payable Clerk Marsha Alves.
Sponsor: Finance Department
3. Waive the second reading and adopt Ordinance 2025-06 An Ordinance of The City of Kingsburg adding Chapter 5.42.100 Of Title 5 of The Kingsburg Municipal Code regarding the Election of Board Members of The Downtown Business Improvement District with the following recital constituting reading the title of the Ordinance:
“AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF KINGSBURG ADDING CHAPTER 5.42.100 OF TITLE 5 OF THE KINGSBURG MUNICIPAL CODE REGARDING THE ELECTION OF BOARD MEMBERS OF THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT” Staff report by City Clerk Abigail Palsgaard
Sponsor: City Clerk’s Office
REGULAR CALENDAR
Measure E Renewal – Ballot Language Discussion - Staff report by City Manager Alexander Henderson.
Sponsor: City Manager’s Office
Kingsburg City Council Minutes
November 19, 2025
City Manager Alex Henderson presented various ballot language options, shared statistics on the success of measures with different sunset provisions, and noted that the proposed measure will require a two-thirds voter approval.
Council Member North expressed concern with including “support SROs” in the ballot language, noting that the elementary school district currently funds the position through a grant that will expire. She questioned whether the City should include this commitment if the district cannot maintain its share.
Council Member Palomar stated that the Public Safety Committee felt that if school funding for the SRO ends, Measure E should support the position.
Council Member Smith agreed that community safety should be prioritized and suggested reconsidering the explicit SRO reference. Council Member Palomar supported keeping the “supporting SROs” language, emphasizing partnership and existing oversight safeguards.
Council Member North reiterated her concern and said she could support broader wording such as “support school safety” to ensure transparency with voters.
Mayor Pursell supported including the SRO reference, noting it would affirm the City’s commitment. Council Member North responded that doing so would require a firm commitment to SRO funding. Council Member Palomar added that the community strongly supports protecting children, and Council Member Silva also expressed support for the language.
Derrek Gagnon, Police Officers Association (POA) President, voiced support for keeping SRO language in the ballot language and stated the POA is prepared to explain it to residents.
Council Member Silva noted his support for the “until appealed by voters” provision, stating it empowers the community and that residents he has spoken with favor the measure.
Council Member Palomar also supported the appeal-by-voters approach and noted he has helped educate residents about its meaning. Council Member North supported this stronger language.
Council Member Smith remained in favor of including a sunset, expressing concern that a perpetual tax could be received negatively. Mayor Pursell said he does not favor taxes in perpetuity and noted uncertainty about future law enforcement needs, but emphasized the shared desire to see the measure pass.
POA President Gagnon spoke again in full support of a no-sunset option, stating the value Measure E brings to the department in training and equipment and expressing confidence in community support.
Resident and Kingsburg Police Sergeant Josh Carey spoke in support of maintaining Kingsburg’s strong public safety culture and service quality. When asked by Mayor Pursell about sunset options, he said he supported whichever option voters would find most acceptable.
Kingsburg City Council Minutes
November 19, 2025
Council Member Silva asked about neighboring sales tax rates and noted the importance of maintaining safety as costs for technology continue to rise. He reaffirmed support for the “until appealed by voters” option.
Council Member Palomar stated he believes residents will support the measure. Council Member North reiterated her support for “until appealed by voters.” Council Member Smith maintained her preference for including a sunset. Mayor Pursell acknowledged the POA’s commitment to educating the public regarding the measure.
Council Member North motioned, seconded by Council Member Silve, to approve option 2:
“To renew funding to be used only for public safety services to prevent drastic reductions of police officers/firefighters/paramedics, including a second 24/7 ambulance, support SROs, maintain safety equipment, and enhance 911 emergency response; shall the City of Kingsburg’s measure extending the expiring public safety tax until repealed by voters, without increasing the voter-approved one-cent rate, raising $2.6 million annually with citizen oversight, keeping 100% of funds local for Kingsburg residents, be adopted?” The motion passed by unanimous voice vote.
FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
Council requests for future agenda items. Items require a consensus.
CITY MANAGER’S REPORT
City Manager spoke about the improvements at the railroad crossing on Draper.
COUNCIL REPORTS/COUNCIL COMMITTEE REPORTS
Council Member North reported on the upcoming BID and Chamber meetings.
Council Member Smith noted the upcoming Finance and Community Services Committee meetings.
Council Member Silva reported that he filled in at the recent Chamber meeting. The Chamber shared that membership continues to grow, social media marketing has expanded significantly, the Crayfish Festival generated a profit, and planning is underway for the upcoming car show.
Council Member Palomar reported that the Public Safety Committee meeting opened with a moment of silence for Lennis Scheline. He also noted that the Planning Commission discussed the Crown development and housing allocations, which will move forward to the City Council.
Mayor Pursell reported on the FCRTA microgrid parking lot project behind the pharmacy and shared that Measure C will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow. The steering committee has recommended allocations, with a significant portion directed to the City of Fresno for public transit and 60% designated for local roads. He emphasized the City’s need for funding for roads and alleys. He added that the measure must be approved by the COG Policy Board, the City of Fresno, and the County of Fresno. Mayor Pursell also announced that Congressman Jim Costa has officially secured $1,000,000 for the City’s OES facility and City Hall project, commending City Manager Henderson and Townsend Public Affairs for their work.
Kingsburg City Council Minutes
November 19, 2025
Mayor Pursell adjourned the Regular Kingsburg City Council Meeting into Closed Session at 6:57pm.
CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL—ANTICPATED LITIGATION
Initiation of litigation pursuant to California Government Code Section 54956.9 (d)(4) (One potential case)
Mayor Pursell adjourned out of Closed Session into the Regular Kingsburg City Council Meeting at 7:17pm.
City Attorney Michael Noland stated there was nothing to report out.
Mayor Pursell adjourned the Regular Kingsburg City Council Meeting at 7:17pm.
Submitted by:
____________________________________
Abigail Palsgaard, City Clerk
Accounts Payable
User:
Printed:
marshaa
11/21/2025 9:11 AM
Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
ACH 3231 ICMA RETIREMENT CORP - WIRE 457 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00001.11.2025 457 Mission Square PR Batch 00001.11.2025 457 Mission Square 9,165.50 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 457 Percent - Mission Square PR Batch 00001.11.2025 457 Percent - Mission Square 623.94 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3231: 9,789.44
ACH 3470 Internal Revenue Service - ACH 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00001.11.2025 FICA Employer Portion PR Batch 00001.11.2025 FICA Employer Portion 17,586.71 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Medicare Employer Portion PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Medicare Employer Portion 4,326.84 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Federal Income Tax PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Federal Income Tax 27,007.69 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Medicare Employee Portion PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Medicare Employee Portion 4,406.18 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 FICA Employee Portion PR Batch 00001.11.2025 FICA Employee Portion 17,586.71 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3470: 70,914.13
ACH 3471 Employment Development Department - ACH11/14/2025 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 CA SDI PR Batch 00001.11.2025 CA SDI 3,127.02 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 State Income Tax PR Batch 00001.11.2025 State Income Tax 10,372.70 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3471: 13,499.72
ACH 3472 CalPERS - ACH 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire -ClassicPR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire -Classic 1,991.22 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. Classic PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. Classic 2,605.76 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police PEPRA ER PRBatch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police PEPRA ER 10,283.81 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police ER PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police ER 3,941.62 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire PEPRA ER PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire PEPRA ER 6,807.24 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire PEPRAPR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire PEPRA 6,149.19 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. PEPRA ER PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. PEPRA ER 4,688.08 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police 1,516.21 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. PEPRA PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. PEPRA 4,564.43 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. Classic ER PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Misc. Classic ER 4,518.16 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire PEPRA 4850 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire PEPRA 4850 541.28 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire ER PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Fire ER 5,172.93 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police PEPRAPR Batch 00001.11.2025 PERS Safety Police PEPRA 10,107.37 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3472: 62,887.30
ACH 3476 CHILD SUPPORT STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT - ACH 11/14/2025 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Child Support PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Child Support 294.56 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3476: 294.56
ACH 4707 ICMA-WIRE 401(A) 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Def Comp 401(a) ICMAPR Batch 00001.11.2025 Def Comp 401(a) ICMA 250.00 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 4707: 250.00
ACH 3470 Internal Revenue Service - ACH 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00002.11.2025 Medicare Employee Portion PR Batch 00002.11.2025 Medicare Employee Portion 44.23 PR Batch 00002.11.2025 FICA Employee Portion PR Batch 00002.11.2025 FICA Employee Portion 189.10 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 1 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
PR Batch 00002.11.2025 FICA Employer Portion PR Batch 00002.11.2025 FICA Employer Portion 189.10 PR Batch 00002.11.2025 Medicare Employer Portion PR Batch 00002.11.2025 Medicare Employer Portion 44.23 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3470: 466.66
ACH 3471 Employment Development Department - ACH11/14/2025 PR Batch 00002.11.2025 CA SDI PR Batch 00002.11.2025 CA SDI 36.60 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 3471: 36.60
88663 3660 KPFA 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Professional Firefighters Asc. PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Professional Firefighters Asc. 680.00 Total for Check Number 88663: 680.00
88664 3525 Kingsburg Police KPOA 11/14/2025
PR Batch 00001.11.2025 KPOA Union Dues PR Batch 00001.11.2025 KPOA Union Dues 1,140.00 Total for Check Number 88664: 1,140.00
88665 3716 FRANCHISE TAX BOARD STATE OF CALIFORNIA 11/14/2025 PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Franchise Tax Board PR Batch 00001.11.2025 Franchise Tax Board 437.98 Total for Check Number 88665: 437.98
Total for 11/14/2025: 160,396.39
ACH 4789 US BANKCORP SERVICE CENTER 11/21/2025
Burrola 11/7/25 Amazon- Large Desk Pad 26.90
Burrola 11/7/25 Apple Phone Chargers- back up charges 23.96 Burrola 11/7/25 Amazon- heavy duty digiital scale 44.10 Burrola 11/7/25 Business Cards- Arevalo 42.48
Burrola 11/7/25 Embassy Suites- San Luis Obispo- Castellanos 926.65 Burrola 11/7/25 USPS- Shipping Scale/Printer Cartrige 10/30/25 11.10 Burrola 11/7/25 Amazon- Printer Ink 179.30
Colado 11/7/25 Uber-Springbrook- Colado, Franco, Lozano 35.30 Colado 11/7/25 Amazon- Bathroom Supplies 27.56
Colado 11/7/25 Amazon- Bathroom Supplies 27.56
Colado 11/7/25 Staples- Printer Ink- Alvarez 182.96
Colado 11/7/25 Fresno Airport Parking- Springbrook 26.00 Colado 11/7/25 Kuppa Joy- Meeting W/ Cheif Roberts 19.18 Colado 11/7/25 Uber-Springbrook- Colado, Franco, Lozano 35.29 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Franco 209.18 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Colado 20.91 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Franco 209.19 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Lozano 138.07 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Lozano 71.12 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Lozano 71.12 Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Lozano 138.06 Colado 11/7/25 Staples- Printer Ink- Alvarez 182.96
Colado 11/7/25 V dara- Springbrook Conference- Colado 397.46 Colado 11/7/25 Fresno Airport Parking- Springbrook 25.00 Colado 11/7/25 CSMFO- Chapter Meeting- Nov 14,2025 60.00 Cstnda 11/7/25 Amazon.com senior center supplies 158.90 Cstnda 11/7/25 Uline Senior Center order. Kitchen Mats/gloves 796.66 Cstnda 11/7/25 Sama Club.com Senior meal program food 59.55 Cstnda 11/7/25 Sams Club Senior Meal Program Purchases 193.08 Cstnda 11/7/25 Amazon Senior Center Supplies 11.85
Cstnda 11/7/25 Amazon- Senior Center Supplies 56.15
Cstnda 11/7/25 Amazon Senior Meal Program Supplies 39.72 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 2 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Cstnda 11/7/25 Amazon- Senior Center Supplies 90.41
Cstnda 11/7/25 InstaCart Senior Meal Program Food/Supplies 302.23 Cstnda 11/7/25 Sams Club Meal Program Food 126.37
Cstnda 11/7/25 Sams Club Meal Program Food 133.86
Galvez 11/7/25 Lawn Mower- Belts 4X 143.96
Galvez 11/7/25 Solar Street Light 139.98
Galvez 11/7/25 Electrical Timers- Lights 23.98
Galvez 11/7/25 Vets Park Flags 277.02
Hndrsn 11/7/25 Council Chamber Chair Replacements (11) 2,357.20 Hrnandz 11/7/25 11/3 Nexstar- Advrtsmnt fr Opn Hse/Hspitl dist. Co-spnsr fr $750 1,522.50 Hrnandz 11/7/25 10/24/25 Career success library- Ro's subscription 19.00 Hrnandz 11/7/25 10/24/25 Savemart/ sodas/ snacks- Smoke detector install w/red X 115.48 Hrnandz 11/7/25 11/3/25 Paypal- monthly subscription- CPR on line registration 25.60 Osborne 11/7/25 10/29/25 Rugged Radios- headsets for E140 569.12 Osborne 11/7/25 10/27/25 Fire hose direct- 4 firehose threads- E140 1,120.67 Owen 11/7/25 Int'l Code Council Membership for Building Official 170.00 Owens 11/7/25 DPH Emergency Medical- Jeremy's EMT REcert 115.00 Owens 11/7/25 11/5/25 American Heart BLS on line CPR course 33.30 Plsgrd 11/7/25 New Christmmas trees for street corners 3,693.20 Plsgrd 11/7/25 Admin Car Wash 14.00
Plsgrd 11/7/25 Admin Car Gas 43.13
Plsgrd 11/7/25 Laminating Paper 27.23
Plsgrd 11/7/25 Halloween Balloons 14.17
Roberts 11/7/25 Homewood Suites- hotel Cal Cheifs Conf 10/27-10/30/25 905.37 Roberts 11/7/25 10/30/25 Chevron- fuel C140 100.09
Salinas 11/7/25 Walmart- Airtag 31.46
Salinas 11/7/25 Weight for Veh- Cal Osha 15.00
Stephns 11/7/25 FBI- LEEDA- Stephens 795.00
Windvr 11/7/25 GFOA Submission 995.00
Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 4789: 18,366.65
88666 4910 ADVENTIST HEALTH TULARE 11/21/2025
2657 Drug screen Blood Tox Lab (KINGPD-25-1672) 100.00
Total for Check Number 88666: 100.00
88667 3006 AIRGAS NCN 11/21/2025
9166257313 Oxygen 276.35
9166486392 Oxygen 187.81
Total for Check Number 88667: 464.16
88668 3891 AMERICAN BUSINESS MACHINES 11/21/2025
836015 Inv. # 836015 Nov. Contract. Fiance Copier 194.83 836015 Inv. # 836015 Nov. Contract. Fiance Copier 194.82 Total for Check Number 88668: 389.65
88669 4092 A-PLUS SIGNS 11/21/2025
25730 Pymt 2 Manufacture (2) sets vinyl graphics panaflex faces. Final Pymt 2,847.39 Total for Check Number 88669: 2,847.39
88670 4307 AT & T MOBILITY 11/21/2025
OCT Cell SRO KESD (Arevalo) 49.95
OCT Cell SRO KHS (Arevalo) 49.95
OCT Cell Measure E Cell 430.13
OCT Cell ACT Cell (Guzman) 49.95
OCT Cell GF Cell 889.57
OCT MDT ME MDT 281.68
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 3 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
OCT MDT SRO KHS MDT (Arevalo) 80.48
OCT MDT SRO KHS MDT (Arevalo) 80.48
OCT MDT ACT MDT (Gomez) 80.48
OCT MDT GF MDT 643.85
Sept Cell SRO KESD Cell (Jimenez) 49.95
Sept Cell ME Cell 430.13
Sept Cell ACT Cell (Guzman) 49.95
Sept Cell GF Cell 886.55
Sept Cell SRO KHS Cell (Arevalo) 49.95
Sept MDT SRO KHS MDT SEPT (Arevalo) 80.48
Sept MDT GF Cell 643.85
Sept MDT ACT MDT SEPT (Guzman) 80.48
Sept MDT SRO KESD MDT SEPT (Jimenez) 80.48
Sept MDT Measure E MDT 281.68
Total for Check Number 88670: 5,270.02
88671 3029 AT&T CALNET 3 11/21/2025
000024313259 MN Phone Svc Charges 10/02-11/01/2025 Acct. 559-897-8942 30.38 000024313259 MN Phone Svc Charges 10/02-11/01/2025 Acct. 559-897-2265 42.09 000024313259 MN Phone Svc Charges 10/02-11/01/2025 Acct. 559-897-6561 39.74 Total for Check Number 88671: 112.21
88672 3300 AVENU INSIGHTS & ANALYTICS 11/21/2025
INV06-021953 STARS CA- Q2, 2025 450.00
INV06-021984 ACFR Report- Oct 2025 2,940.00
Total for Check Number 88672: 3,390.00
88673 4875 BOUND TREE MEDICAL LLC 11/21/2025
85934498 Medical Supplies 125.49
85957924 Medical Supplies 0.04
85964357 Medical Supplies 119.38
85980688 Medical Supplies 360.01
Total for Check Number 88673: 604.92
88674 5133 BRAVO'S PAINTING INC 11/21/2025
2898 Labor & Materials- paint internal- stn 1 admin office + cheifs o 2,300.00 Total for Check Number 88674: 2,300.00
88675 3054 BSK ASSOCIATES 11/21/2025
AI28686 Well Treatment- BACT 11/06/25 124.44
AI29147 Well Treatment- Bact CC Rush 11/10/25 414.54
AI29155 Well Treatment- DBCP 11/07/25 600.70
AI29322 Well Treatment- Nitrite CC Rush 11/10/25 68.60
Total for Check Number 88675: 1,208.28
88676 4429 CANON FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC 11/21/2025
42129164 CL Maintenance Overage 10/1-10/31 98.68
42129164 Contract Charge 11/1-11/30 252.08
42150415 Senior Center Printer Service (back) 11/11/25 136.10 42150416 Senior Center Printer Service (front) 11/11/25 210.03 Total for Check Number 88676: 696.89
88677 4861 CCLS, INC 11/21/2025
28189 Landscape Century/ Vets - Nov 2025 920.00
28189 Landscape Kings Estates II- Nov 2025 490.00
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 4 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
28189 Landscape Kings Estates IV- Nov 2025 870.00
28189 Landscape Kings Estates III- Nov 2025 870.00
28189 Landscape Kings Estates I- Nov 2025 490.00
Total for Check Number 88677: 3,640.00
88678 3095 CITY OF KINGSBURG-POLICE DEPT. 11/21/2025
Petty Cash Coffee Water Filter 22.71
Petty Cash Rental Vehicle/Uber (Kroeger) 118.64
Petty Cash Evidence- Tarp/cords for Truck 40.30
Petty Cash Deals and Steals- tabletop fan 22.74
Total for Check Number 88678: 204.39
88679 4448 CORE & MAIN 11/21/2025
Y038653 Repair parts and supplies - Inserts and couplings 1,714.68 Total for Check Number 88679: 1,714.68
88680 4615 EMERALD TEXTILES SERVICES 11/21/2025
EFRE-00302601 linens,mats 10-26-10-31 330.79
EFRE-00304735 linens,mats 11-1/-11-8 269.64
Total for Check Number 88680: 600.43
88681 3166 FALCON TIRE & TOWING 11/21/2025
11479 Scooter from traffic accident-towed to city yard, order by PD 360.00 Total for Check Number 88681: 360.00
88682 5005 FIRESTATS, LLC. 11/21/2025
2025-331 Maintenance & Operations of data analysis- Oct 2025 350.00 Total for Check Number 88682: 350.00
88683 4193 FIRST IN SAFETY 11/21/2025
1363 RNR Rescue fully loaded set of 4s/Block swivel pulleys/parts 5,834.61 Total for Check Number 88683: 5,834.61
88684 3184 FRESNO CITY COLLEGE-Business Office 11/21/2025 19643912 EMT Refresher- Aguayo 59.00
19644074 Driver Op 1B- Anthony F 155.00
19644106 FF 22A/22B- Anthony F 240.00
Total for Check Number 88684: 454.00
88685 4640 FRESNO COUNTY TREASURE 11/21/2025
3637985 Fresno County Health Permit- Senior Center 475.00 Total for Check Number 88685: 475.00
88686 3994 GUARDIAN 11/21/2025
12/1-12/31/25 Monthly Insurance Premium 12/2025- VSP-Vision 1,147.22 12/1-12/31/25 Monthly Insurance Premium 12/2025- Vol Life Ins. 1,728.51 12/1-12/31/25 Monthly Insurance Premium 12/2025- Life- Employee 221.16 12/1-12/31/25 Monthly Insurance Premium 12/2025- Guardian- Dental 7,593.87 12/1-12/31/25 Monthly Insurance Premium 12/2025- Vol Ins Plans 1,886.43 Total for Check Number 88686: 12,577.19
88687 3219 HEALTHWISE SERVICES 11/21/2025
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 5 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
21300 Kiosk Lease -Pharm Site Charges 4930002 #1670706 10/3-10/31/25 633.02 Total for Check Number 88687: 633.02
88688 3222 HENRY SCHEIN, INC. 11/21/2025
49308155 Ambulance Medical Supplies 234.75
Total for Check Number 88688: 234.75
88689 5170 INTEGRATED DESIGNS BY SOMAN INC11/21/2025
23698 City Hall Design; Pymt #1 15,000.00
Total for Check Number 88689: 15,000.00
88690 3860 JAS PACIFIC 11/21/2025
BI 15189 Combo Building Inspector 2,460.00
PC7781 Plan Check 10/01-10/31/2025 1,618.75
Total for Check Number 88690: 4,078.75
88691 4830 JC LAND MANAGEMENT INC 11/21/2025
3234 Landscape Service Oct 2025 6,572.20
Total for Check Number 88691: 6,572.20
88692 3249 KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN INC11/21/2025
Dec 2025 Med. Ins. Premium- Dec. 2025 5,382.20
Total for Check Number 88692: 5,382.20
88693 4280 KEN KATZ, LCSW, CTS 11/21/2025
KFD- 1113 Grief Support Debriefing- Death of Member's Son 751.00 Total for Check Number 88693: 751.00
88694 3904 KIMBALL MIDWEST 11/21/2025
103892015 Public Works Supplies 280.24
Total for Check Number 88694: 280.24
88695 5171 KINGSBURG 76 11/21/2025
11969 Refund Hydrant Meter Deposit After Calculations 458.31 Total for Check Number 88695: 458.31
88696 3254 KINGSBURG CHEVRON 11/21/2025
Oct-2025 GF Car Washes 37x5 185.00
Oct-2025 Measure E Car Washes 19x5 95.00
Oct-2025 ACT Car Washes 1 x5 5.00
Oct-2025 KHS Car Washes 2 x5 10.00
Oct-2025 KESD Car Washes 2 x5 20.00
Total for Check Number 88696: 315.00
88697 3269 LAW & ASSOCIATES INVESTIGATION 11/21/2025
25-189 Backround Investigation (Alves) 700.00
25-194 Backround Investigation (Gomez) update 500.00
Total for Check Number 88697: 1,200.00
88698 3276 LIFE ASSIST INC 11/21/2025
2012689 Fluff bandage/supplies 113.18
2013232 Ambulance supplies 117.83
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 6 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 88698: 231.01
88699 3293 MID VALLEY DISPOSAL 11/21/2025
Oct 2025 Oct 2025 Multi 2-4 & Mlti 5+ - less (3109.43) 17,620.09 Oct 2025 Oct 2025 Residential 108,346.79
Oct 2025 Franchise Fees- Oct 2025 -12,516.81
Oct 2025 Franchise Fees- Oct 2025 12,516.81
Oct 2025 Oct 2025 Comm- Less FF's (9407.38) 53,308.50
Total for Check Number 88699: 179,275.38
88700 3997 MID VALLEY DISPOSAL RECYCLING & TRANSFER STATION 11/21/2025 3366823 Street Sweeping Refuse 10/28/25 1,168.50
Total for Check Number 88700: 1,168.50
88701 3466 NAPA AUTO PARTS 11/21/2025
715364 Mower Blades- Adjusted Amount 382.18
Total for Check Number 88701: 382.18
88702 3307 NELSON'S ACE HARDWARE-SELMA 11/21/2025
167655 Anchor Plas 9.80
Total for Check Number 88702: 9.80
88703 4342 NPSC - NATIONAL PROTECTION & SAFETY CONSULTING 11/21/2025 4863 BLS CPR cards and training site fees 2,495.00
Total for Check Number 88703: 2,495.00
88704 3312 O'REILLY AUTO PARTS 11/21/2025
4445-119527 Blue Def 2.5 gal 69.70
4445-119697 Blue Def Drum 309.49
Total for Check Number 88704: 379.19
88705 3315 P G & E 11/21/2025
11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 3,318.27 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 81.70 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 440.52 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 2,621.04 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 401.77 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 1,396.38 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 347.55 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 5.44 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 23,432.33 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 -48.37 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 247.08 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 -58.16 11/04/2025 Electricity - 9/24-10/23/25 Acct #7543447781-8 11/04/2025 24.47 Total for Check Number 88705: 32,210.02
88706 4942 POLICE&SHERIFF'S PRESS 11/21/2025
126822 ID card- Maldonado(non-prox) 20.00
Total for Check Number 88706: 20.00
88707 3334 PROFESSIONAL PRINT & MAIL, INC 11/21/2025
127585 Statements- Monthly Utility Bills- November 2025; Qty 3711 651.88 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 7 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
127585 Statements- Monthly Utility Bills- November 2025; Qty 3711 651.88 Total for Check Number 88707: 1,303.76
88708 3335 PROFORCE LAW ENFORCEMENT 11/21/2025
581824 S&W Mag 9mm 17rd x 105/TAC Gun Mnt Blk x35 7,994.02 583047 SFL HLST SXT BW BLK RH x 35 5,394.32
Total for Check Number 88708: 13,388.34
88709 3337 PROVOST & PRITCHARD 11/21/2025
124981 On Call Planning Services 10/1-10/31/2025 781.50 124982 Provost-Prichard Housing Element 6th cycle 10/1-10/31/2025 2,353.12 124983 Joseph Crown Construction, LLC Tract #6499 CEQA 10/1-10/31/2025 1,760.00 125312 City of Kingsburg Focused General Plan Update 10/1-10/31/2025 9,452.00 Total for Check Number 88709: 14,346.62
88710 3341 QUINN COMPANY 11/21/2025
WON50035013 Perform PM 2 - STN 1 808.82
WON50035014 STN 1 Load Bank Test 700.00
WON50035015 Perform PM 2- STN 2 793.12
WON50035016 STN 2 Load Bank Test 700.00
Total for Check Number 88710: 3,001.94
88711 3361 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY AIR 11/21/2025
C377919 Permit C4355 Well #15 155.00
Total for Check Number 88711: 155.00
88712 4723 GLENN SAY 11/21/2025
11/08/25 Say Boot Reimb- Safety 238.36
Total for Check Number 88712: 238.36
88713 3961 SHARP AMBULANCE BILLING 11/21/2025
53580 Ambulance billing service Oct 2025 6,067.24
Total for Check Number 88713: 6,067.24
88714 3543 SIERRA PACKAGING SOLUTIONS 11/21/2025
101978 PD- Paper towels, rubbing alcohol Inv. 101978 11/3/2025 420.20 Total for Check Number 88714: 420.20
88715 3369 SILVAS OIL COMPANY, INC. 11/21/2025
201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 331.90 201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 597.57 201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 182.94 201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 6.76
201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 81.64
201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 207.25 201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 81.63
201405CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 10/16-10/31/2025 143.53 201406CT GF Fuels 2,372.72
201406CT ACT Fuels (Guzman) 529.34
201406CT ME Fuels 1,026.69
201406CT KHS Fuels (Arevalo) 113.32
201406CT KESD Fuels (Jimenez) 150.41
201407CT Fuel Ambulance 10/15-10/31 844.27
201407CT Fuel ME 10/15-10/31 844.27
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 8 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
201407CT Fuel Fire 10/15-10/31 844.26
201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 52.63
201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 91.20
201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 39.91
201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 144.09 201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 10.35
201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 39.92
201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 614.80 201678CT PW & CH Gas Card Chrgs 11/01-11/15/2025 58.68
Total for Check Number 88715: 9,410.08
88716 4262 SILVERFOX ELECTRIC, INC. 11/21/2025
3978 Well #14 VFD-Check log 160.00
Total for Check Number 88716: 160.00
88717 4887 SOCIAL VOCATIONAL SERVICES INC. 11/21/2025
46J2503-IN Landscape HASH Oct 25- Fresno 239.46
46J2503-IN Landscape HASH Oct 25- Fresno 718.37
Total for Check Number 88717: 957.83
88718 3690 SOLV Business Solutions - Safeguard-23343911/21/2025 452445 50% of 1099's & W-2's 2025 81.74
452445 50% of 1099's & W-2's 2025 81.73
Total for Check Number 88718: 163.47
88719 4075 SPRINGBROOK NATIONAL USER GROUP11/21/2025
INV-010195 Water Rate Increase 11,312.50
INV-010336 Water Rate Increase 125.00
Total for Check Number 88719: 11,437.50
88720 3380 STATE OF CALIFORNIA-D O J 11/21/2025
002223 Fingerprint Apps (Oct) x4 128.00
002223 Fingerprint - FBI 51.00
002223 Fed Lvl Volteer- Billed 15.00
002223 Cust of Records - Billed 30.00
835319 Fingerprint Apps (July) x 21 672.00
835319 Fingerprint FBI 170.00
835319 Fed Lvl Volteer - Billed 150.00
835319 Cust of Rcrds- Billed 30.00
835319 Record Review - Billed 25.00
849598 Fingerprint Apps (July) x 21 128.00
849598 Fingerprint FBI 51.00
849598 Fed Lvl Volteer - Billed 75.00
854585 Blood Alcohol Analysis (Sept 2025) x5 175.00
Total for Check Number 88720: 1,700.00
88721 4028 SUPERIOR POOL CARE 11/21/2025
5172 Chlorine Well #13 11/4/25 838.65
5173 Chlorine Well #16 11/4/25 838.63
Total for Check Number 88721: 1,677.28
88722 5119 SYSCO CENTRAL CALIFORNIA INC 11/21/2025
484715726 Senior Center Food Order 3,443.88
484715728 Senior Center Food Order 162.55
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 9 Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 88722: 3,606.43
88723 3396 THE BUSINESS JOURNAL 11/21/2025
2025-8529 Newspaper publication (Inv 2025-8529) 10/27/2025 857.50 2025-8543 Newspaper publication (Inv 2025-8543) 10/29/2025 490.00 Total for Check Number 88723: 1,347.50
88724 3397 THE GAS COMPANY 11/21/2025
11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 09/08/25-11/06/25 10.93 11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 10/07/25-11/06/25 14.40 11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 10/07/25-11/06/25 187.40 11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 10/07/25-11/06/25 99.96 11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 10/07/25-11/06/25 180.75 11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 10/07/25-11/06/25 137.07 11/10/25 Gas Services for city dates: 10/14/25-11/06/25 5,350.82 Total for Check Number 88724: 5,981.33
88725 3421 VINCENT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 11/21/2025
91047 Front Panel & Color Display Replacement- Sergio 487.55 91048 Replacement Cabel Assembly 208.37
91105 Heavy Duty Speaker Mic- BKR5000/9000 x4 1,252.53
91106 BKR900 leather case x2 140.86
Total for Check Number 88725: 2,089.31
Total for 11/21/2025: 390,489.21
Report Total (72 checks): 550,885.60
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (11/21/2025 9:11 AM) Page 10
CITY COUNCIL MEETING STAFF REPORT
REPORT TO: Mayor Pursell & City Council
REPORT FROM: Abigail Palsgaard, City Clerk REVIEWED BY: KB AGENDA ITEM: 2026 Master Calendar for City Council and other Commissions & Committees ACTION REQUESTED: ___Ordinance ___Resolution ____Motion ____Receive/File
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Staff is proposing to adopt a Master Calendar as we have in past years that will allow the Public, Council Members, Committee & Commission Members and staff the opportunity to prepare for projects, public hearings and other items that will come before Council and other Commissions and Committees. It also allows Council to cancel the first meeting in July in a timely fashion, as we traditionally go dark at that time.
RECOMMENDED ACTION BY CITY COUNCIL
1. Staff recommends City Council approves the 2026 Master Calendar.
POLICY ALTERNATIVE(S)
1. Council could choose not to adopt the Master Calendar.
STRATEGIC GOAL(S) MET:
1. Community Engagement.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
PRIOR ACTION/REVIEW
Council first adopted a Master Calendar in 2021.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
None.
ATTACHED INFORMATION
1. Proposed 2026 Master Calendar
Meeting Date: 12/03/2025
Agenda Item: 3
FISCAL IMPACT:
1. Is There A Fiscal Impact? Yes
2. Is it Currently Budgeted? No
3. If Budgeted, Which Line? N/A
City of Kingsburg Master Calendar
City Council
Meeting date Time
1/7/2026 6pm
1/21/2026 6pm
2/4/2026 6pm
2/18/2026 6pm
3/4/2026 6pm
3/18/2026 6pm
4/1/2026 6pm
4/15/2026 6pm
5/6/2026 6pm
5/20/2026 6pm
6/2/2026 6pm *Tuesday Meeting
6/17/2026 6pm
7/1/2026 6pm Traditionally dark for the first meeting in July 7/15/2026 6pm
8/5/2026 6pm
8/19/2026 6pm
9/2/2026 6pm
9/16/2026 6pm
10/7/2026 6pm
10/21/2026 6pm
11/4/2026 6pm
11/18/2026 6pm
12/2/2026 6pm
12/16/2026 6pm
Community Services Commission
Meeting date Time
1/28/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
2/25/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
3/25/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
4/22/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
5/27/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
6/24/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
7/22/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
8/26/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
9/23/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
10/28/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
11/25/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
12/23/2026 5:30pm Community Services Commission
Kingsburg Downtown Business Improvement District Advisory Board Meeting date Time
1/6/2026 8am BID Board
2/3/2026 8am BID Board
3/3/2026 8am BID Board
4/7/2026 8am BID Board
5/5/2026 8am BID Board
6/2/2026 8am BID Board
7/7/2026 8am BID Board
8/4/2026 8am BID Board
9/1/2026 8am BID Board
10/6/2026 8am BID Board
11/3/2026 8am BID Board
12/1/2026 8am BID Board
Finance Committee
Meeting date Time
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
Finance Committee
1/26/2026 5pm
2/23/2026 5pm
3/23/2026 5pm
4/27/2026 5pm
5/25/2026 5pm
6/22/2026 5pm
7/27/2026 5pm
8/24/2026 5pm
9/28/2026 5pm
10/26/2026 5pm
11/23/2026 5pm
12/28/2026 5pm Finance Committee
Economic Development Committee
Meeting date Time
*As needed
Planning Commission
Meeting date Time
1/8/2026 6pm Planning Commission
2/12/2026 6pm Planning Commission
3/12/2026 6pm Planning Commission
4/9/2026 6pm Planning Commission
5/14/2026 6pm Planning Commission
6/11/2026 6pm Planning Commission
7/9/2026 6pm Planning Commission
8/13/2026 6pm Planning Commission
9/10/2026 6pm Planning Commission
10/15/2026 6pm Planning Commission
11/12/2026 6pm Planning Commission
12/10/2026 6pm Planning Commission
Public Safety Committee
Meeting date Time
2/10/2026 4pm Public Safety Committee
5/12/2026 4pm Public Safety Committee
8/11/2026 4pm Public Safety Committee
11/10/2026 4pm Public Safety Committee
Public Safety Sales Tax (Measure E) Citizens Oversite Committee Meeting date Time
5/4/2026 4pm Public Safety Sales Tax (Measure E) Citizens Oversite Committee *Date may vary
CITY COUNCIL MEETING STAFF REPORT
REPORT TO: Mayor Pursell, & City Council
REPORT FROM: Christina Windover, Assistant City Manager REVIEWED BY: AJH AGENDA ITEM: Application for Leave to Present a Late Claim ACTION REQUESTED: ___Ordinance ___Resolution ____Motion ____Receive/File
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City received a police civil liability claim on September 25, 2025 for an incident occurring on July 20, 2021.
Following a recommendation from the city’s Risk Management Authority, the City issued a “Notice of Return, Without Action, of a Claim Required to be Filed Within Six Months” on October 3, 2025. An application for leave to present a late claim must be submitted within a reasonable time, but generally no later than one (1) year after the accrual of the cause of action.
The City subsequently received an “Application for Leave to Present a Late Claim” on November 17, 2025 from plaintiff’s attorney. The statute requires that a governing body grant or deny an application for leave to present a late claim within forty-five (45) days after it is presented. If no action is taken, it is presumed to have been denied. See, § 911.6. Written notice of the governing body’s action must be sent to the claimant. See, § 911.8.
The use of Form L: Notice of Board Action on Application for Relief from the Claim Filing Statute (included in your packet) is recommended, as it incorporates the language required by statute to be in the notice.
Staff recommends that the City Council deny the “Application for Leave to Present a Late Claim” received on November 17, 2025 and direct staff to issue Form L: Notice of Board Action on Application for Relief from the Claim Filing Statute.
RECOMMENDED ACTION BY CITY COUNCIL
Staff recommends that the City Council deny the “Application for Leave to Present a Late Claim” received on November 17, 2025 and direct staff to issue Form L: Notice of Board Action on Application for Relief from the Claim Filing Statute.
POLICY ALTERNATIVE(S)
1. Council could choose to not deny the claim and direct staff accordingly.
STRATEGIC GOAL(S) MET:
1. Community Safety.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
PRIOR ACTION/REVIEW
The city’s risk management authority has assigned this matter for legal review and representation.
Meeting Date: 12/03/2025
Agenda Item: 4
FISCAL IMPACT:
1. Is There A Fiscal Impact? Yes
2. Is it Currently Budgeted? No
3. If Budgeted, Which Line? N/A
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
None.
ATTACHED INFORMATION
1. Form L: Notice of Board Action on Application for Relief from the Claim Filing Statute.
2. Supplemental Report for Kristofer Chadwick Claim
CITY OF KINGSBURG
NOTICE OF BOARD ACTION
ON APPLICATION FOR RELIEF
FROM THE CLAIM FILING STATUTE
FORM L
Date: December 3, 2025
To: : James L. Arrasmith
5150 Sunrise Boulevard, STE G-1
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Re: Demand for Compensation
Client: Kristofer John Chadwick
DOB: 09/19/1992
Incident Date: July 20-21, 2021
Dear James L. Arrasmith
Please be advised that on December 3, 2025, the City of Kingsburg took the action circled below with regard to the application for relief from the claim filing statute filed with the city and presented to the Board on December 3, 2025.
1. The application has been granted and your Claim accepted for processing. After your Claim is evaluated, you will receive additional notice from this office as to the status of your Claim.
2. The application has been denied.
WARNING
If you wish to file a court action on this matter, you must first petition the appropriate court for an order relieving you from the provisions of Government Code Section 945.4 (Claims Presentation Requirement). See Government Code Section 946.6. Such petition must be filed with the Court within six (6) months from the date your application for leave to present a late claim was denied.
You may seek the advice of an attorney of your choice in connection with this matter. If you desire to consult an attorney, you should do so immediately.
If your application has been denied, this denial applies only to claims under state law and shall not extend any time limits as may be imposed upon the claimant(s) for pursuit of the claimant(s)’ rights under federal laws, other statutes or resources of rights of recovery in favor of claimant(s).
Please also be advised that pursuant to Sections 128.5 et seq. and 1038 of the California Code of Civil Procedure, the (Name of Entity) will seek to recover all costs of defense in the event a legal action is filed in the matter and it is determined that the action was not filed in good faith and with reasonable cause, or as otherwise determined to justify the imposition of attorney’s fees and costs of suit pursuant to such sections, as well as any other sections or laws inuring to the benefit of the City of Kingsburg, its officers, officials, employees, agents, or representatives.
PROOF OF SERVICE
On ___/___/____ I served the within NOTICE OF BOARD ACTION ON APPLICATION FOR RELIEF FROM THE CLAIM'S STATUTE on the claimant by placing a true copy thereof enclosed in a sealed envelope in the outgoing mail addressed as requested by the claimant.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed at Kingsburg, California, on ___/___/____. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ (Type or Print Name) (Signature)
December 2, 2025
Abigail Palsgaard
CITY OF KINGSBURG
1401 Draper Street
Kingsburg, CA 93631
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
RE: Application for Leave to Present a Late Claim
RE: Insured : City of Kingsburg
Claimant : Chadwick, Kristofer
Date of Loss : July 20, 2021
Our File No. : FR103303
ASSIGNMENT & COVERAGE
We received this new claim in our Fresno office on September 25, 2025. Our assignment was to investigate the matter on behalf of the City of Kingsburg to determine their liability exposure.
Coverage appeared to be in order for the subject claim.
GOVERNMENT CODE REQUIREMENTS
The City received the new claim filed by attorneys on behalf of Kristofer Chadwick on September 25, 2025. The letter was dated September 19, 2025.
The claim letter contained both State and Federal claims. The claim was reviewed carefully and deemed to be late.
On the recommendation of AIMS and CSJVRMA panel counsel Van Longyear (Longyear, Lavra & Cahill, LLP) the City decided to return the claim without action.
The City returned the claim without action using Form D on October 3, 2025, within the 45-day window following late claim receipt as prescribed by the government code.
On November 17, 2025, the City received an application for leave to present a late claim.
The application was carefully reviewed by AIMS and CSJVRMA panel counsel Van Longyear and Nicole Cahill (both of Longyear, Lavra & Cahill).
Our review did not reveal any compelling reason for the City to accept the late claim.
December 2, 2025
FR103303
REMARKS
Based upon our careful review of the claimant’s application for leave to present a late claim, we recommend that the City consider denying the application.
Should the City agree with our recommendation, the City is advised to issue Form L to the claimant, care of his attorneys, and circle number two (2) on the document advising that the application has been denied.
If the Form L is issued, please send a copy to us for our records.
DIARY
We will place a 45-day diary on this file to follow up on approval.
Sincerely,
Nick Jensen
AIMS Senior Claims Adjuster
P.O. Box 9223
Fresno, CA 93721
CITY COUNCIL MEETING STAFF REPORT
REPORT TO: Mayor Pursell & City Council
REPORT FROM: AJ O’Connell, MCP, CBO, CCEA – Building Official REVIEWED BY: AJH Rodnie Roberts, MS, CFO – Fire Chief
Sean Kopas – Fire Inspector
AGENDA ITEM: Adoption of 2025 California Building Codes, Title 24 ACTION REQUESTED: ___Ordinance ___Resolution ____Motion ____Receive/File
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On January 1, 2026, the California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24 will take effect statewide. The Title 24 regulations govern the thirteen (13) parts of the California Building Codes. These codes are as follows: 2025 California Administrative Code, 2025 California Building Code, 2025 California Residential Code, 2025 California Electrical Code, 2025 California Mechanical Code, 2025 California Plumbing Code, 2025 California Energy Code, 2025 California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, 2025 California Historical Building Code, 2025 California Existing Building Code, 2025 California Green Building Standards Code, and 2025 California Referenced Standards Code. Per California Health and Safety Code Sections 17922, 17958, and 18941.5, the latest edition of the Title 24 codes must apply to new construction 180 days after publication. The City of Kingsburg will be required by State Law to enforce these standards at that time.
Generally, Building Codes are defined as sets of minimum requirements for the design, construction, alteration, maintenance, and use of buildings. The purpose of these requirements is to safeguard building occupants’ health, safety, and welfare.
The 2025 Title 24 California codes are the product of a nearly five-year extensive process involving both national and state level organizations and hearings. The Title 24 California codes are updated every three years.
Beginning in early 2021, the International Code Council (ICC) opened the 2024 model Building Codes for public comment and change proposals. Any person or organization can submit a proposal for any of the Model Codes.
Throughout 2021 and 2022, the ICC heard public testimony in front of the Code Development committees in virtual format and at the ICC Annual Conference in Richmond, VA. Governmental Bodies - of which the City of Kingsburg is a member - voted on the final proposed changes in November 2021 and November 2022. After tabulation of the votes, clarification of errata, and publishing, the 2024 model Building Codes were published in Fall 2023.
Starting in February 2024, the California Building Standards Commission (BSC) began the state level process of adopting the 2024 ICC Model Codes into state law. Due to the unique climatic, geographical, topographical, geological, and environmental challenges within the State of California, the BSC formulates state-specific amendments that tend to be more restrictive than the Model Codes. This is best reflected in the state’s more restrictive Energy Code and various seismic and Wildland-Urban Interface requirements.
Following roughly the same process as above, the BSC accepted public comment on the proposed Model Codes with specific amendments for the State of California. Between December 2024 and February 2025, the California Secretary of State formally codified and adopted the formal recommendations from the Building Standards Commission into law. On July 1, 2025, the formal 2025 California Building Codes were released with implementation occurring six months later on January 1, 2026. The local adoption by Authorities Having Jurisdictions (AHJ) of the 2025 California Codes represents the final step of the process.
Meeting Date: 12/03/2025
Agenda Item: 12 & 13
As an AHJ, the City of Kingsburg is afforded the option to adopt the Title 24 codes by ordinance into the Municipal Code. Adoptions may include amendments, additions, or alterations to the Title 24 codes. However, amendments, additions, or alterations cannot waive any provisions and may only further restrict the Code with respect to geographical, climatic, topographical, and environmental considerations. These changes must be supported by findings of fact by the governing body. City Staff is recommending a complete adoption of the 2025 Title 24 codes and are proposing to retain several previously adopted amendments.
The most significant change to the statewide 2025 Title 24 codes is the new addition of a Part 7, the formal adoption of the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code. Derived from the model code process, the “WUI” Code applies to new construction and maintenance within assigned High-Fire Sensitivity Zones, as designated by the California State Fire Marshal. While this particular Code is not applicable here in Kingsburg due to our City having no defined High-Fire Areas, it is important to note that this incorporation is a direct result of proposed changes in light of the devastating Eaton and Palisades Fires from early 2025.
While the 2025 Title 24 codes have thousands of technical changes from the current 2022 codes, there are some notable alterations that may affect new construction within the City of Kingsburg.
The most noteworthy of these changes in the 2025 codes are in the Energy Code. Most prominent are the continuing regulation for the elimination of natural gas and propane appliances, specifically for all new construction and additions in single-family residential. Under the previous 2022 edition, only provisions for future electrical readiness were required to be enforced. This represents a more restrictive requirement. Attached to this Staff Report is a more detailed summary of significant changes to the Energy Code from Energy Code Ace, a program funded by the California Public Utilities Commission, that goes into more detail into some of these and other proposed changes.
Further noteworthy changes include such items as:
• Clarification that fences acting as either pool enclosures or barriers are not exempt from permitting requirements.
• Expansion of higher hazard occupancy classifications to include Energy Storage System (ESS) facilities. • Altering the required frequency of fire alarms in apartments and hotel/motels to be more effective in waking hearing-impaired or alcohol impaired residents and/or guests. • Requiring operational permits for certain types of Indoor Plant Cultivation. • Establishment of standards for the use of Inflatable Amusement Devices in commercial settings.
As part of the adoption, Staff is proposing various appendices in the Building, Residential, Plumbing, Mechanical, and Fire Codes be included with the enacting Ordinance. These appendices are not necessarily considered amendments and provide additional standards for code compliance on a variety of different construction subjects. They are only enforceable if the City specifically adopts them as part of the Ordinance. Notable proposed appendices include:
• Board of Appeals
• Standards for Patio Covers
• Hempcrete Construction
• Replicable and 3D Buildings
• Emergency Housing
• Fire Apparatus Roads
As part of the adoption process, City Staff is proposing that the majority of the previously approved and existing local amendments to the Title 24 standards be retained. These amendments reference scoping for fire sprinklers, cost recovery for Fire Department response, dimensions for fire apparatus roads, expanded requirements for premises identification, movement and relocation of buildings, and specific requirements for Pet Boarding facilities. The justification for these amendments remains as previously adopted via a Findings of Fact resolution.
The previously approved amendment for the requiring of fall protection anchors on elevated surfaces is not being proposed to be retained as part of this adoption.
Assembly Bill 130
On June 30, 2025, Governor Newsom signed two separate budget trailer bills into law that included numerous and significant changes to California’s housing laws. One of the two measures signed by the Governor, AB 130, limits a local jurisdiction's ability to enact modifications to building codes, amongst other items. Further, AB 130 essentially freezes building standards related to residential dwelling units until 2031.
Further information regarding the two assembly bills from the City’s legislative advocacy group, Townsend Public Affairs, is attached to this Staff Report.
AB 130, via AB 306, was authored by Assemblyman Nick Schultz and co-sponsored by Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas as a measure designed for wildfire recovery efforts. Due to the strong bipartisan political backing of the measure, and intense pro-lobbying from various trade groups, it was fast tracked through the most recent legislative session in both houses of the legislature. Principal opposition to the measure came from code official organizations and environmental advocacy groups.
In guidance presented to Building Departments across the State of California, BSC interpreted the implementation of AB 130 as follows:
1) The 2025 California Building Standards Code will take effect as originally stated in the adopting statute. 2) Local amendments that were adopted and filed with the Commission in effect prior to September 30, 2025 are eligible to retained in whole or in a substantially equivalent form in the 2025 Codes.
A copy of the Information Bulletin from BSC is attached to this Staff Report.
The proposed amendments and adoption of the 2025 Codes as presented do meet these requirements as they were previously filed with the BSC in April 2025. The proposed recommended action of adoption conforms with this guidance from the BSC and the intention of AB 130.
It remains to be seen whether the triennial Code adoption process will continue in 2028 with this new statute. As the law does not specifically define residential dwelling units, the freeze on standards could possibly affect construction on not only single-family dwellings, but also multi-family, hotels/motels, certain institutional occupancies, etc. The Building Division will continue to monitor how various State agencies interpret this legislation and receive their direction.
RECOMMENDED ACTION BY CITY COUNCIL
1. Staff recommends approval of Resolution 2025-068_ Approving and Adopting Express Findings that Modifications or Changes to the California Building Code and California Fire Code are Reasonably Necessary Due to Local Climatic and Geological Conditions.
2. Staff recommends waiving the first reading and introducing Ordinance 2025-06 Amending and Adding Various Chapters and Sections within Said Chapters of Title 15 of the Kingsburg Municipal Code and Adopting the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2025 Edition, Parts 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 as Amended; Repealing Ordinance 2025-01 and Ordinance 2022-02.
POLICY ALTERNATIVE(S)
1. Council could choose not to adopt the Ordinance and accept California Codes prescribed by California Code of Regulations with no appendices.
2. Council could direct staff to present amendments based on climatic, geographic, topographic, and/or environmental considerations supported through Findings of Fact.
STRATEGIC GOAL(S) MET:
1. Improve Public Safety
2. Improve Community Communication
3. Promote Sustainable Growth
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Fiscal impacts are currently budgeted for the current fiscal year. These items include code books and reference information within City Hall, training for staff for code updates, and continuing dues to code enforcement agencies such as California Building Officials Association and International Code Council.
PRIOR ACTION/REVIEW
The Mayor and City Council adopted the entire 2022 Title 24 California Building Standards Code on November 2, 2022. Further amendments to the Building Standards Code were adopted on February 5, 2025.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Adoption of Building Codes by jurisdictions and municipalities has many benefits, both in terms of public safety and in economic development. Multiple academic studies have shown that communities that adopt modern Building Codes fare better during and after natural disasters. According to FEMA, cities and counties in the United States that have adopted modern Building Codes have avoided an estimated $32 billion in losses over the last twenty years from natural disasters. The data also estimates that over the next forty years, those cost savings could accumulate to $132 billion. In 2019, the National Institute of Building Sciences published the Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Study showing key cost/benefit analysis for adoption of Building Codes. The key findings from the study are shown in the table below:
Costs and benefits associated with constructing new buildings to meet the 2018 IRC and IBC (in $ billions).
Mitigation Category Cost Benefit Benefit-Cost Ratio
Riverine Flood $0.09 $0.55 6:1
Hurricane Flood $0.53 $5.55 10:1
Earthquake $0.58 $6.90 12:1
Total for adopting 2018 I-Codes $1.20 $13.00 11:1
To further support the above findings, FEMA commissioned a Mitigation Team Assessment Report in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The report concluded that buildings that had been elevated, as required by the various Building Codes, had 95% fewer flood insurance claims than structures that were not in compliance with the Building Codes.
While these studies covered only the model International codes, the Title 24 codes are derived from them and are widely regarded as more restrictive and specific for the hazards within the state.
ATTACHED INFORMATION
1. Resolution 2025-068
2. Ordinance 2025-06
3. Memorandum from Townsend Public Affairs – October 16, 2025
4. BSC Bulletin 25-03 FINAL
5. FEMA Building Code Adoption Playbook
6. Energy Code ACE – What’s New for 2025
7. Code Adoption Process and Timeline
FISCAL IMPACT:
1. Is There A Fiscal Impact? Yes
2. Is it Currently Budgeted? Yes
3. If Budgeted, Which Line? Acct #’s 2300-519-5201, 2600- 519-5270, 2600-519-5291,
2600-519-5292.
RESOLUTION 2025-068
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KINGSBURG
APPROVING AND ADOPTING EXPRESS FINDINGS THAT MODIFICATIONS OR CHANGES TO
THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE AND CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARE REASONABLY
NECESSARY DUE TO LOCAL CLIMATIC AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS WHEREAS, the State of California has adopted the 2024 Edition of the International Building Code, with amendments. The 2025 California Building Code has been incorporated into Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations takes effect on January 1, 2026; and WHEREAS, the State of California has adopted the 2024 Edition of the International Fire Code, with amendments. The 2025 California Fire Code has been incorporated into Title 24, Part 9 of the California Code of Regulations and takes effect on January 1, 2026; and
WHEREAS, California Health & Safety Code Sections 17958.5, 17958.7, and 18941.5 authorize the City, by ordinance, to make changes or modifications to the requirements contained in the provisions of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, California Existing Building Code and other regulations adopted pursuant to California Health & Safety Code Section 17921(a) that result in more stringent local requirements; and WHEREAS, California Health & Safety Code Sections 17958, 17958.5, and 17958.7 require more stringent local requirements be supported by express findings made by a city that such modifications or changes are “reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions”; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Kingsburg intends this resolution to fulfill the requirements of applicable sections of the California Health & Safety Code regarding modifications or changes to the California Building Code, California Fire Code, and California Existing Building Code including express findings of reasonable necessity because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions noted below, and as detailed in Exhibit A, which is attached to this Resolution and made a part hereof, and the Staff Report for the December 18, 2024 Regular Meeting of the Kingsburg Mayor and City Council, and incorporated herein by reference.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Kingsburg finds that the following amendments to the 2025 California Building Code, 2025 California Fire Code, and 2025 California Existing Building Code are reasonably necessary because of local climatic and geological conditions as follows:
1. Climatic Conditions – Extreme Temperatures, Extreme Fog,
2. Geological Conditions – Limited Water Supply.
* * * * *
The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Kingsburg held on _________, 2025 by the following vote, to wit.
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
DATED:
______________________________
City Clerk
EXHIBIT A
FINDINGS REGARDING LOCAL CLIMATIC, GEOLOGICAL, AND TOPOGRAPHICAL
CONDITIONS
The following is a summary of the local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions which make the local amendments to the California Building Standards Code reasonably necessary, including extreme temperatures and limited water supply.
1.1 Climatic Conditions (Extreme Temperatures and Dense Fog) – As documented in the 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, Kingsburg has an average annual temperature of 63.2°F and receives 10.2 inches of rain. While the average is relatively temperate, summer and winter months bring unique weather patterns to the region.
During the winter season, high temperatures hover around 55°F. Combined with the regional geography and precipitation during this time, Kingsburg experiences numerous days with dense fog, which has its greatest impact on transportation by reducing visibility to oftentimes dangerous distances. The winter months see more than 30 days of dense fog – defined by the National Weather Service as less than 1/8 of a mile visibility.
During the summer months, Kingsburg has extended periods where temperatures exceed 100°F. While the average temperature is 90°F during the summer, these extended heat waves impact the medically fragile, elderly and animal populations. This same time period sees humidity levels of less than 40%, with days of 20% or lower not uncommon.
In addition to heat waves, the Fresno County region continues to suffer regular drought due to lower than normal snowpack in the Sierra Nevada, which supplies water for agricultural use and replenishes the groundwater supply.
The Heat Stress Index, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in its publication entitled Emergency Incident Rehabilitation sets forth the stress placed on the human body when exposed to various temperatures and humidities. This Heat Stress Index notes that 10 degrees should be added to the temperature when protective clothing is worn, and an additional 10 degrees should be added when standing in direct sunlight. With these variables included, a person exposed to temperatures between 90 and 105-degrees is subject to heat cramps and heat exhaustion.
Because of these extreme temperatures, Kingsburg firefighters responding to fires and other incidents requiring evacuation of a building are regularly exposed to temperatures more than 105 degrees, when accounting for their protective gear, exposing themselves to the probability of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and possibly heat stroke.
1.2 Geological Conditions (Limited Water Supply) – As documented in the 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, 45 California counties experienced water shortages that adversely affected about 30% of the State’s population, much of the dry farmed agriculture, and over 40% of the irrigated agriculture. Fish and wildlife resources suffered, recreational use of lakes and rivers decreased, forestry losses and fires increased, and hydroelectric power production decreased. Kingsburg has experienced a state declaration for drought within Fresno County and a U.S. Department of Agriculture declaration for crop losses associated with drought.
As a local jurisdiction within Fresno County, between ten (10) and twelve (12) inches of precipitation can be received annually. Furthermore, Kingsburg relies heavily on groundwater for its municipal water supply. While Kingsburg complies with its annual allotment from the underground aquifer, it is estimated that 10,000-acre feet per year are lost from over drafting by other jurisdictions or entities. 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
ORDINANCE NO. 2025-06
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF KINGSBURG AMENDING AND ADDING VARIOUS CHAPTERS AND SECTIONS WITHIN SAID CHAPTERS OF TITLE 15 OF THE KINGSBURG
MUNICIPAL CODE AND ADOPTING THE CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS, TITLE 24, 2025 EDITION, PARTS 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, AND 12, AS AMENDED; REPEALING ORDINANCE 2025-01 AND ORDINANCE 2022-02 OF THE CITY OF
KINGSBURG
The City Council of the City of Kingsburg does hereby ordain as follows:
Section 1. That certain documents, copies of which are on file in the office of the Building Division of the City of Kingsburg, being marked and designated as the California Code of Regulations, 2025 edition, Parts 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 as published by the California Building Standards Commission, as amended, be and are hereby adopted as the Building Codes of the City of Kingsburg, in the State of California, for regulating and governing the conditions and maintenance of all property, buildings, and structures in the City of Kingsburg; providing the standards for supplied utilities and facilities and other physical things and conditions essential to ensure that structures are safe, sanitary and fit for occupation and use; and the designation of buildings and structures unfit for human occupancy and use and the demolition of such structures; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of certain fees; and each and all of the regulations provisions, penalties, conditions, and terms of said Building Codes on file in the office of the Building Division of the City of Kingsburg are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this ordinance, with the additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance.
Section 2. Title 15 of the Kingsburg Municipal Code is hereby amended as follows:
Section 15.04.030 is amended as follows:
15.04.030 – Adopted codes and code of ordinances of the City of Kingsburg defined.
A. As used in this title:
1. California Administrative Code may be abbreviated CAC.
2. California Building Code may be abbreviated CBC.
3. California Residential Code may be abbreviated CRC
4. California Electrical Code may be abbreviated CEC.
5. California Mechanical Code may be abbreviated CMC.
6. California Plumbing Code may be abbreviated CPC.
7. California Energy Code may be abbreviated Energy Code.
8. California Wildland-Urban Interface Code may be abbreviated WUI.
9. California Historical Building Code may be abbreviated CHBC.
10. California Fire Code may be abbreviated CFC.
11. California Existing Building Code may be abbreviated CEBC.
12. California Green Building Standards Code may be abbreviated Green Code.
13. California Referenced Standards Code may be abbreviated CRefC.
14. International Property Maintenance Code may be abbreviated IPMC.
15. International Swimming Pool and Spa Code may be abbreviated ISPSC. 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
2 B. Code of ordinances of City of Kingsburg may be referred to as “municipal code”, “ordinance”, “the ordinance” or “this ordinance”, all meaning this title as adopted by ordinance of the City Council of the City of Kingsburg.
Section 3. Title 15 of the Kingsburg Municipal Code is hereby amended as follows:
Section 15.06.010 is amended to read:
15.06.010 – CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS TITLE 24 ADOPTED.
A. The California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2025 Edition, Parts 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, as approved by the California Building Standards Commission, are hereby adopted by reference as if set forth in full, except as amended herein. Copies are on file in the office of the Building Division.
B. California Building Code, 2025 Edition.
1. The following appendix chapters to the California Building Code, 2022 Edition, are hereby adopted by reference as if set forth in full. Copies are on file in the office of the Building Division. a) Appendix B Board of Appeals
b) Appendix H Patio Signs.
c) Appendix I Patio Covers.
d) Appendix N Replicable Buildings.
e) Appendix P Emergency Housing.
2. CBC Section 101.1 is amended to read:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Building Code of the City of Kingsburg, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
3. CBC Section 103.1 is amended to read:
103.1 Creation of enforcement agency. The Building Division is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the building official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
4. CBC 113.1 is amended to read:
113.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the building official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, the governing body of the City of Kingsburg may establish a local appeals board to serve this purpose. Where no such appeals board has been established, the governing body of the City of Kingsburg shall serve as the local appeals board.
5. CBC 113.4 is amended to read:
113.4 Administration. The administration for the board shall be in accordance with Appendix B.
6. Add new definition to CBC Chapter 2:
PET BOARDING
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
3 Use of a Group B or Group M Occupancy to house a cumulative total of 10 or more dogs or cats for more than 12 hours per day that are available for sale or housed inside of a building as a service to the dog or cat owner.
7. CBC 502.1 is amended to read:
502.1 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall have approved address numbers, building numbers or approved building identification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property. These numbers shall contrast with their background. Where required by the fire code official, address numbers shall be provided in additional approved locations to facilitate emergency response. Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall not be spelled out. Each character shall be a minimum of 4 inches high with a minimum stroke width of 0.5 inch for single family homes, a minimum of 5 inches high with a minimum stroke width of 0.5 inch for multi-family residential buildings, and a minimum of 12 inches high with a minimum stroke width of 1.5 inch for commercial buildings. Where access is by means of a private road and the building cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the structure. Address numbers shall be maintained.
8. CBC 903.2 is amended to read:
903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this section and in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.21.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.21, an approved fire sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all newly constructed buildings of any occupancy group when the gross floor area is equal to or exceeds 5,000 square feet (465 m2 ), regardless of the presence of fire
barrier and fire partition walls.
Exceptions:
1. Detached Group U occupancies accessory to a Group R-3, one- or two-family dwelling.
2. In existing buildings, other than Group R-3 and Group U occupancies accessory to Group R-3 occupancies, not equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system, the following shall apply:
a) When an addition causes the building to exceed 5,000 square feet (465 m2 ) in gross floor area
and such addition is equal to or greater than 50% of the existing square footage, the entire building shall be provided with an automatic sprinkler system. The 50% threshold for the installation of fire sprinklers shall be cumulative over the life of the building. b) For existing buildings larger than 5,000 square feet (465 m2 ) in gross floor area, when a change
of use occurs that, in the opinion of the Building Official, increases the risk of fire, or increases the danger to occupants in a fire, the entire building shall be provided with an automatic sprinkler system.
3. Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided that those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 and are separated from the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or not less than 2-hour horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
9. CBC 903.2.7.4 is added:
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
4 903.2.7.4 Pet boarding. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding.
10. CBC 903.2.22 is added:
903.2.22 Pet boarding. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding in Group B occupancies
11. CBC Table 906.1 is amended to read:
TABLE 906.1 ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Portions of table not shown remain unchanged.
Section Subject
4204.1 Pet Boarding
12. CBC 907.2.2.4 is added:
907.2.2.4 Pet boarding. Smoke Detection shall be installed pet boarding facilities in the locations specified in Section 4204.2 of the California Fire Code. Carbon Monoxide detection shall be installed in pet boarding facilities in the locations specified in Section 4204.3 of the California Fire Code.
13. CBC 907.2.7.3 is added:
907.2.7.3 Pet boarding. Smoke Detection shall be installed pet boarding facilities in the locations specified in Section 4204.2 of the California Fire Code. Carbon Monoxide detection shall be installed in pet boarding facilities in the locations specified in Section 4204.3 of the California Fire Code.
14. CBC B101.1 is amended to read:
B101.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the building official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, the governing body of the City of Kingsburg may establish a local appeals board to serve this purpose. Where no such appeals board has been established, the governing body of the City of Kingsburg shall serve as the local appeals board.
15. CBC B102.1 is amended to read:
B102.1 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the building official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the building official within 20 days after the notice was served.
C. California Residential Code, 2025 Edition.
1. The following appendix chapters to the California Residential Code, 2022 Edition, are hereby adopted by reference as if set forth in full. Copies are on file in the office of the Building Division. 1) Appendix BB Tiny Houses.
2) Appendix BF Patio Covers.
3) Appendix BG Sound Transmission.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
5 4) Appendix BH Automatic Vehicular Gates.
5) Appendix BI Light Straw-Clay Construction.
6) Appendix BJ Strawbale Construction.
7) Appendix BK Cob Construction (Monolithic Adobe).
8) Appendix BL Hemp-Lime (Hempcrete) Construction.
9) Appendix BM 3D-Printed Building Construction.
10) Appendix BN Extended Plate Wall Construction.
11) Appendix CI Swimming Pool Safety Act.
12) Appendix CJ Emergency Housing.
2. CRC R101.1 is amended to read:
R101.1 Title. These provisions shall be known as the Residential Code for One- and Two-family Dwellings of the City of Kingsburg, and shall be cited as such and will be referred to herein as “this code.”
3. CRC R103.1 is amended to read:
R103.1 Creation of agency. The Building Division is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the building official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
4. CRC R112.1 is amended to read:
R112.1 General. All appeals shall be in accordance with Section 113 of the California Building Code.
5. CRC R112.2, R112.3, and R112.4 are deleted.
D. California Mechanical Code, 2025 Edition.
1. The following appendix chapters to the California Mechanical Code, 2025 edition, are hereby adopted by reference as if set forth in full. Copies are on file in the office of the Building Division. a) Appendix B Procedures to be Followed to Place Gas Equipment in Operation.
2. CMC 107.1 is amended to read:
107.1 General. All appeals shall be in accordance with Section 113 of the California Building Code.
E. California Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition.
1. The following appendix chapters to the California Plumbing Code, 2025 Edition, are hereby adopted by reference as if set forth in full. Copies are on file in the office of the Building Division. a) Appendix A Recommended Rules for Sizing the Water Supply System. b) Appendix B Explanatory Notes on Combination Waste and Vent Systems. c) Appendix F Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment Systems. d) Appendix I Installation Standards.
e) Appendix J Combination of Indoor and Outdoor Combustion and Ventilation Opening Design.
f) Appendix R Tiny Houses.
2. CPC 107.1 is amended to read:
107.1 General. All appeals shall be in accordance with Section 113 of the California Building Code. 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
6 F. California Fire Code, 2025 Edition.
1. The following appendix chapters to the California Fire Code, 2025 Edition, are hereby adopted by reference as if set forth in full. Copies are on file in the office of the Building Division. a) Appendix B Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings.
b) Appendix C Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution.
c) Appendix D Fire Apparatus Access Roads.
d) Appendix E Hazard Categories.
2. CFC 101.1 is amended to read:
101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the Kingsburg Fire Code, may be cited as such and shall be referred to herein as “this code” when used here, “CFC” means the 2025 California Fire Code, with such amendments as adopted by the State of California and the 2024 International Fire Code, including appendix Chapters B,C,D, and E, as adopted and amended in this article.
3. CFC 103.1 is amended to read:
103.1 Creation of agency. The Fire Prevention Division is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the fire code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
4. CFC 105.5 is amended to read:
105.5 Required Operational Permits. The fire code official is authorized to issue operational permits for the operations set forth in Sections 105.5.2 through 105.5.54. Permits required by these sections will be issued only for those operations that have an associated fee that has been adopted in the City of Kingsburg Master Fee Schedule.
5. CFC 105.5.15 is amended to read:
105.5.15 Exhibits, special events and trade shows. An operational permit is required to operate exhibits, special events, and trade shows.
6. CFC 105.5.60 is added:
105.5.41 et boarding. An operational permit is required for pet boarding.
7. CFC Section 112.1 is amended to read:
Section 112.1 Board of appeals established. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the fire code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the governing body and shall hold office at its pleasure. The fire code official shall serve as clerk to the board.
8. CFC Section 112.3 is amended to read:
Section 112.3 Membership and qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of three members who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to hazards of fire, explosions, hazardous conditions or fire protection systems, and are not employees of the city.
9. CFC Section 112.4 is amended to read:
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
7 Section 112.4 Administration. The board of appeals shall follow the procedures for the conduct of appeals set forth in the City of Kingsburg, Abatement, Appeals, and Administrative Hearings, of the Municipal Code.
10. CFC Section 113.4 is amended to read:
113.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this Code shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the Fire Code Official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this Code, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Each day that a violation continues shall be deemed a separate offense. The Fire Code Official or his/her designee may commence any or all of the following proceedings in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code:
1. Issue an administrative citation in accordance with the provisions of the Kingsburg Municipal Code and related written policies.
2. Request the City Attorney to institute legal action
3. Entering your property to remove the violation, at your expense.
11. CFC Section 113.5 is Added:
112.5 Cost Recovery. The fire code official may seek cost recovery as outlined in this section for the cost of providing service from the Kingsburg Fire Department and any other public agencies deemed necessary to mitigate a hazard. The fire code official may seek cost recovery for hazardous materials response, fire suppression, and protection of the public from fire and life safety hazards.
The recovery of such cost is authorized in the following statutes:
Health and Safety Code Sections 13007-13009.1
Government Code Section 53150
1. Any person who causes or allows the existence of a hazard, as defined by this Code, shall be liable for all costs associated with mitigation as determined to have been caused by such hazard, or is a major contributor of said hazard, and such expense shall be a charge against the person. Cost Recovery shall be in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code and City policy.
2. Any person who is under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or any drug, whose negligent actions caused by that influence proximately causes any incident resulting in an appropriate emergency response, and any person whose intentionally wrongful conduct proximately causes any incident resulting in an appropriate emergency response, is liable for the expense of an emergency response by a public agency to the incident. Cost Recovery shall be in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code and City policy.
3. Any person that is involved in an action that requires the police department to utilize the fire department in response to illegal activities is liable for the expense by the fire department response to the incident. Cost Recovery shall be in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code and City policy.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
8 4. Utility company’s equipment or distribution network which causes an emergency response from a public agency for an incident is liable for the expense of an emergency response by a public agency to the incident. Cost Recovery shall be in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code and City policy.
5. Any person who causes a fire, sets a fire, allows a fire to be set, or allows a fire kindled or attended by him or her to escape onto any public or private property is liable for the expense of an emergency response by a public agency to the incident. Cost Recovery shall be in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code and City policy.
6. Any person who releases a hazardous material, allows a hazardous material to be released, causes, or allows a hazardous material attended by him or her to escape onto any public or private property, is liable for the expense of an emergency response by a public agency to the incident.
Cost Recovery shall be in accordance with the Kingsburg Municipal Code and City policy.
7. After responding to three (3) false alarms at the same facility in any consecutive twelve (12) month period, the Fire Code Official is authorized to charge the property owner for the cost of response. The cost of response will be billed at a minimum rate of one-half hour for all responding apparatus and personnel, or actual time spent on the alarm event, whichever is greater.
12. Add new definitions in CFC Chapter 2 as follows:
BIOSAFETY LABORATORY (“BSL”)
A facility designed to handle biological agents at designated safety levels (BSL-1 through BSL-4).
Level 1 - The lowest level of biosafety, suitable for work with well-characterized agents that pose minimal potential risk to laboratory personnel and the environment.
1. Examples of agents: Non-pathogenic strains of bacteria like E. coli K-12.
2. Minimal personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and lab coats.
Level 2 – Designed for work with moderate risk agents that can cause human disease but are not easily transmissible.
1. Examples of agents: Staphylococcus aureus, Hepatitis B virus.
2. Access to lab is restricted during experiments.
3. Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) are used for procedures that might generate aerosols.
4. Enhanced PPE, including face shields and lab coats.
Level 3 – Intended for work with agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through inhalation.
1. Examples of agents: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2.
2. Controlled access to laboratory.
3. Work conducted in BSCs or specialized containment equipment.
4. Respiratory protection and negative air pressure to prevent containment.
Level 4 – The highest level of biosafety, used for handling high-risk agents that causes severe or fatal diseases and have no known treatment or vaccines.
1. Examples of agents: Ebola virus, Marbug birus.
2. Completely isolated facility with airlocks and specialized ventilation.
3. Personnel wear full body, air-supplied positive-pressure suits.
4. All materials decontaminated before leaving the lab. 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
9 PET BOARDING.
Use of a Group B or Group M Occupancy to house a cumulative total of 10 or more dogs or cats for more than 12 hours per day that are available for sale or housed inside of a building as a service to the dog or cat owner.
PRIMARY CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
Safety devices such as biological safety cabinets designed to contain hazardous agents.
13. CFC Section 503.2.1 is amended to read:
503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of 20 feet (6096 mm) measured from the edge of concrete to edge of concrete, exclusive of shoulders, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm).
14. CFC Section 505.1 is amended to read:
505.1 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall have approved address numbers, building numbers or approved building identification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property. These numbers shall contrast with their background. Where required by the fire code official, address numbers shall be provided in additional approved locations to facilitate emergency response. Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall not be spelled out. Each character shall be a minimum of 4 inches high with a minimum stroke width of 0.5 inch for single family homes, a minimum of 5 inches high with a minimum stroke width of 0.5 inch for multi-family residential buildings, and a minimum of 12 inches high with a minimum stroke width of 1.5 inch for commercial buildings. Where access is by means of a private road and the building cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the structure. Address numbers shall be maintained.
15. CFC 903.2 is amended to read:
903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this section and in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.21.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.21, an approved fire sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all newly constructed buildings of any occupancy group when the gross floor area is equal to or exceeds 5,000 square feet (465 m2 ), regardless of the presence of fire
barrier and fire partition walls.
Exceptions:
1. Detached Group U occupancies accessory to a Group R-3, one- or two-family dwelling.
2. In existing buildings, other than Group R-3 and Group U occupancies accessory to Group R-3 occupancies, not equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system, the following shall apply:
a) When an addition causes the building to exceed 5,000 square feet (465 m2 ) in gross floor area
and such addition is equal to or greater than 50% of the existing square footage, the entire building shall be provided with an automatic sprinkler system. The 50% threshold for the installation of fire sprinklers shall be cumulative over the life of the building. b) For existing buildings larger than 5,000 square feet (465 m2 ) in gross floor area, when a change
of use occurs that, in the opinion of the Building Official, increases the risk of fire, or increases 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
10 the danger to occupants in a fire, the entire building shall be provided with an automatic sprinkler system.
3. Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided that those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 and are separated from the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or not less than 2-hour horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
16. CFC 903.2.7.4 is added:
903.2.7.3 Pet boarding. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding.
17. CFC 903.2.22 is added:
903.2.21 Pet boarding. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding in Group B occupancies.
18. CFC Table 906.1 is amended to read:
TABLE 906.1 ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Portions of table not shown remain unchanged.
Section Subject
4204.1 Pet Boarding
(2025-01, 2/5/2025)
19. CFC 907.2.2.4 is added:
907.2.2.3 Pet boarding. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding. Smoke Detection shall be installed pet boarding facilities in the locations specified in Section 4204.2. Carbon Monoxide detection shall be installed in pet boarding facilities in the locations specified in Section 4204.3.
20. CFC 907.2.7.3 is added:
907.2.7.2 Pet boarding. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding.
21. CFC 1103.8.6 is added:
1103.8.6 Smoke detection in existing Group B and Group M pet boarding facilities. Smoke detection shall be installed in the locations specified in Section 4204.2.
22. CFC 1103.9.2 is added:
1103.9.2 Carbon monoxide detection in existing Group B and Group M pet boarding facilities. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in the locations specified in Section 4204.3. 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
11 23. CFC Chapter 42 is Added:
CHAPTER 42 PET BOARDING
SECTION 4201
GENERAL
4201.1 Scope. Occupancies containing pet boarding shall comply with this chapter. 4201.2 Permit. A permit shall be required for pet boarding as set forth in Section 105.5.
SECTION 4202
DEFINITIONS
4202.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
PET BOARDING.
SECTION 4203
FIRE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
4203.1 Fire safety plan. An approved fire safety and evacuation plan in accordance with Section 404 shall be prepared and maintained for pet boarding.
4203.1.1 Fire safety plan additions. In addition to the requirements of Section 404.2.2, fire safety plans for pet boarding shall include all of the following:
1. Sequence of procedures to be followed in the event of a fire.
2. Procedures for evacuating pets, including the location of any special keys or tools required to evacuate pets.
3. Items to be inspected when conducting daily safety inspections.
4. Procedures for training employees to know the locations of portable fire extinguishers and how to properly use them.
5. Procedures for maintaining proper clearances between combustibles and ignition sources in a pet boarding area in accordance with Section 305.
6. Procedures to ensure that there are no open flames in a pet boarding area.
7. Procedures to ensure that cooking and heating in a pet boarding area are conducted in accordance with Chapter 41.
8. Procedures to ensure that use of current taps, relocatable power taps and extension cords in a pet boarding area is done in a safe manner and complies with Sections 603.5 and 603.6.
9. Procedures for ensuring that trash and other combustible waste are removed from pet boarding areas not less than once per day.
10. Procedures for ensuring that clothes dryer vents are kept clear of lint accumulation in accordance with Section 610.1.2.
11. Procedures for maintaining a staffing plan that specifies hours of operation, minimum staffing, staff names, and staff contact information.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
12 4203.1.2 Posting of fire safety plan. The sequence of procedures to be followed in the event of a fire shall be prominently posted next to each egress door or opening leading out of the pet boarding area. 4203.2 Removal of combustible waste. Trash and other combustible waste shall be removed from pet boarding areas not less than once per day.
4203.3 Staffing. Staffing for pet boarding shall comply with Sections 4203.3.1 and 4203.3.2. 4203.3.1 Staffing plan. A staffing plan shall be prepared and maintained that includes current hours of operation, minimum staffing, staff names, and staff contact information. 4203.3.2 Minimum staffing. At least one staff member shall be responsible for boarded pets, remaining in or immediately adjacent to pet boarding areas and awake at all times when a cumulative total of 10 or more dogs and cats are present, including overnight, for pet boarding in a fire area that is not equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 4204.4. 4203.4 Safety inspections. Safety inspections specified in the approved fire safety plan shall be conducted at least once per day. A record of such safety inspection shall be maintained on the premises to document the date and time of each inspection and shall include the name of the individual who conducted the inspection.
4203.5 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition in pet boarding areas shall comply with Sections 4203.5.1 through 4203.5.3.
4203.5.1 Cooking and heating. Cooking and heating in pet boarding areas shall comply with Chapter
41. Heating pads used for warming animals shall be listed and labeled by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.
4203.5.2 Open flames. Open flames shall be prohibited in pet boarding areas. 4203.5.3 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in occupancies containing a pet boarding area. “No Smoking” signs shall be provided in accordance with Section 310.
SECTION 4204
FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
4204.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers rated 2-A:10-B:C and mounted in accordance with Section 906.9 shall be placed adjacent to each egress door or opening leading out of a pet boarding area, with additional extinguishers provided as necessary so that the travel distance to an extinguisher from anywhere in a fire area containing a pet boarding area does not exceed 50 feet (15240 mm).
4204.2 Smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates occupant notification in accordance with Section 907.5 and is monitored in accordance with Section 907.6.6 shall be installed in new and existing fire areas containing pet boarding. In locations where ambient 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
13 conditions are incompatible with smoke detectors, heat detectors with a response time index of 50 (m×s) shall be permitted.
Exception: An automatic smoke detection system is not required in fire areas equipped with an automatic sprinkler system complying with Section 4204.4. 4204.3 Carbon monoxide detection. In addition to the requirements in Section 915, carbon monoxide detection shall be provided in new and existing pet boarding areas where a carbon monoxide source is present.
4204.4 Automatic sprinkler system. An automatic sprinkler system with quick-response sprinklers complying with Section 903.3.1 or a limited area automatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3.8 with quick-response sprinklers shall be installed in fire areas containing pet boarding.
24. CFC Chapter 43 is Added:
CHAPTER 43 BIOSAFETY LEVEL LABORATORIES
SECTION 4301
GENERAL
4301.1 Scope and Purpose. Establish fire safety requirements specific to Biosafety Level Laboratories (BSL) to ensure the protection of life, property, and the environment. The requirements apply to all existing and newly constructed BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 laboratories within the jurisdiction.
Exception: Existing BSL-1 facilities.
4301.1 Permits. An operational permit will be required for all BSL.
SECTION 4302
DEFINITIONS
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
BIOSAFETY LABORATORY
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
PRIMARY CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
SECTION 4303
FIRE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
4303.1 Emergency Preparedness. Laboratories must conduct fire drills at least semi-annually, including scenarios involving biological hazards.
4303.2 Hazardous materials storage. Flammable and combustible materials must be stored in fireresistant cabinets approved for hazardous materials. Biological agents must be stored in secure containment systems to prevent accidental release during a fire. All storage areas must include spill containment measures and comply with NFPA 45 standards. 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
14 SECTION 4304
FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
4304.1 Fire Detection and Suppression Systems: All biosafety laboratories shall have the following:
1. Automatic fire detection with smoke detection. Exception: Heat detection may be used in environments not suitable for smoke detection.
2. Sprinkler systems designed to operate effectively in environments containing hazardous biological agents.
3. A manual and automatic fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with 2022 CFC section 907.5.
4. A suppression systems using clean agents must be installed in areas housing sensitive equipment or biological containment systems.
G. California Existing Building Code, 2025 Edition.
1. CECB 101.1 is amended to read as follows:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Existing Building Code of the City of Kingsburg, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
2. CEBC 103.1 is amended to read as follows:
103.1 Creation of agency. The Building Division is hereby created, and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the Building Official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
Section 4. Chapter 15.11 Moving Buildings is added to Title 15 of the Kingsburg Municipal Code and the following sections are added.
1. Chapter 15.11.010 Relocation permit required is added:
15.11.010 - Relocation permit required.
Any person, firm or corporation, desiring to move any building in the city shall first obtain a relocation permit issued by the chief building official. The moving of any building shall include all buildings moved from one site to another within the city, from outside the city into the city, from a storage lot to another location within the city but shall not include buildings moved from the city to a site outside the city or to storage lots. No permit for the moving of any building or structure shall be issued until the chief building official has first issued to the owner of the premises to which the building is to be moved a permit to relocate the particular building upon those premises.
2. Chapter 15.11.020 Application for relocation permit is added:
15.11.020 - Application for relocation permit.
Every application for a relocation permit shall be in writing and shall include or be accompanied by the following information:
a) The existing location of the building;
b) The proposed location and intended use or occupancy of the building; 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
15 c) A plot plan, and building plan, if required by the chief building official, of the building as it is proposed to be located upon the new site;
d) A plan and/or a statement of the remodeling, repairs and reconstruction proposed for the building;
e) A statement of a licensed structural pest control contractor stating the condition of the building as to the decay and pest infestation;
f) A photograph of the building, if required by the chief building official; and such other information as the chief building official may require.
3. Chapter 15.11.030 Inspection and processing fees is added:
15.11.030 - Inspection and processing fees.
An application fee shall be paid to the city before any application for a relocation permit is accepted.
The fee shall be as established by the city council. The fee shall be in addition to all other fees required by the California Building Code or other ordinances of the city and shall not be refunded regardless of whether or not the relocation is approved.
4. Chapter 15.11.040 Posting is added:
15.11.040 - Posting.
When a relocation permit application is filed and the relocation permit fee paid to the city, a public notice shall be given of the proposed building relocation by posting in front of the property under consideration and adjacent thereto as hereinafter defined, notice of intention to move, printed in plain type with letters of not less than one inch in height and followed by a statement in six or eight point type. The notice shall: set forth the fact that a relocation permit has been applied for a building to be moved to the subject property; state the present location of the building to be moved thereto; and indicate the closing date by which protests must be filed with the chief building official in writing by adjacent property owners, if they desire to protest the relocation and have the planning commission hold a hearing thereon. The moving notice shall also be posted on the front of the building or structure to be moved, and notices shall be posted not more than one hundred (100) feet apart upon the street which said property fronts for a distance of not less than three hundred (300) feet in each direction from said property. The time of posting shall be seven continuous days, within which period protests may be filed.
5. Chapter 15.11.050 Protest procedure is added:
15.11.050 - Protest procedure.
Protests against the moving of said building or structure shall be signed by two or more individual property owners on the surrounding area and filed with the chief building official within the dates prescribed by this chapter and indicated on the notice of intention to move.
Upon filing of a protest, the planning commission shall conduct a hearing within thirty (30) days upon receipt herein at which time the applicants for relocation and the protestants against such regulation shall be heard. The planning commission shall approve or deny such relocation and if approved, shall establish conditions as hereinafter enumerated. The chief building official shall thereafter issue or deny a relocation permit in accordance with the conditions set forth by the planning commission.
6. Chapter 15.11.060 Alternate procedure is added:
15.11.060 - Alternate procedure.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
16 If no written protests are filed, the chief building official is authorized to approve or deny the relocation permit upon the conditions enumerated in this article, and/or to establish such conditions for the relocation permit, in accordance with the intent of this article, as are necessary to assure compliance herewith.
If the applicant for the relocation permit feels that denial of a permit or conditions imposed thereon by the chief building official are not in accordance with the intent of this article, he/she may appeal the chief building official's decision to the planning commission who will consider the matter at a public hearing, notice of which is given by posting as provided in Chapter 2.04.040.
7. Chapter 15.11.070 Relocation permit faithful performance bond is added:
15.11.070 – Relocation permit faithful performance bond.
A faithful performance bond shall be filed in the office of the chief building official before any relocation permit shall be issued. The bond shall be in an amount at least ten percent more than the chief building official's estimated cost of the work required under terms and conditions imposed upon the relocation permit. Said bond shall guarantee that the required work shall be completed within ninety (90) days of the date on which said building is moved to its new location; provided, however, that such time may be extended by the chief building official upon written application showing good cause therefore. In lieu of said faithful performance bond, a cash deposit in the required amount may be made with the chief building official.
8. Chapter 15.11.080 Safety factors is added:
15.11.080 - Safety factors.
No permit shall be issued to relocate a building or structure, if the building or structure has any of the following deficiencies or characteristics:
a) Constructed or in such a condition to be dangerous and unsanitary; b) Unfit for human habitation;
c) Dilapidated, defective, unsightly, or in such condition of deterioration or disrepair that its relocation at the proposed site would cause appreciable harm to or be materially detrimental to the property or improvements in the district within a radius of one thousand (1,000) feet from the proposed site;
d) Prohibited in the zone in which it is to be relocated; or e) Prohibited at the proposed location by any fire district ordinance, or any other law or ordinance.
If, in the judgment of the chief building official or planning commission, the structure admits the practical and effective repair, a relocation permit may be issued upon such conditions as the chief building official and planning commission may deem reasonable and proper. The conditions required prior to issuance of a relocation permit may include changes, alterations, additions or repairs to be made to the building or structure so that the relocation will not be materially detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare, or to the surrounding property and improvements in the district to which it is to be moved.
The conditions upon which each permit is granted shall be written upon the permit or appended in writing thereto.
9. Chapter 15.11.090 Utilities is added:
15.11.090 - Utilities.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
17 Each person making application for a moving permit must make separate arrangements with public utilities for necessary utility relocations and for payment of all costs associated herewith. The city assumes no liability for route approval with respect to utility relocation.
Signatures shall be required from all applicable utility providers acknowledging that all services have been disconnected from the structure to be moved.
10. Chapter 15.11.100 Denial of permit is added:
15.11.100 - Denial of permit.
A relocation permit shall be denied, if the unlawful, dangerous or defective condition of the building or structure proposed to be relocated is such that remedy or correction cannot practicably and effectively be made, or it is found that the structure will be materially detrimental to surrounding property.
11. Chapter 15.11.110 Moving Structures Upon City Streets is added:
15.11.110 – Moving Structures Upon City Streets.
It is unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to move any building, structure or portion of any building or structure on any street in the city without first filing a written application for a moving permit and securing a permit therefore from the city engineer in the manner provided by this article.
The permit must be in the possession of the movers during the move and must be shown if requested by a police officer along the route.
12. Chapter 15.11.120 Deposit and fees is added:
15.11.120 - Deposit and fees.
a) Each moving permit application shall be accompanied by a deposit. The amount of the deposit shall be based upon the size of the project and the amount of cleanup involved. b) A basic fee shall be charged for each permit for any structure to be moved. c) In addition to the basic fee, the city engineer shall determine when the interests of the city require that moving of the structure requires inspection by the city and assess a fee for each hour for such inspection.
d) The chief of police of the city shall determine when public interest, in terms of traffic hazard abatement, require convoy by police of the structure being moved. The charge for such a convoy shall be based on the hourly rate for the personnel and equipment used. e) The schedule of fees shall be those amounts established by resolution of the council adopted prior to the effective date of the ordinance codified in this chapter and shall remain in effect until otherwise changed by the council. Effective July 1, 2025, and each succeeding July 1st thereafter, said schedule of fees shall be adjusted in accordance with the formula used by the city council to establish the expenditure control budget. If, in the determination of the city engineer, the adjustment of the schedule of fees produced by the above procedure is not representative of the actual change in costs of issuing the building relocation permit, the city engineer may, in lieu of the procedures set forth in this section, compute a new schedule of fees for adoption by resolution of the council. In the event of the adoption of a new schedule of fees by resolution of the council, such new schedule of fees shall become effective on adoption thereof by the council. The adjustment of such new schedule of fees shall begin the July 1st next occurring after adoption of the new schedule.
f) The foregoing fees, including the basic fee, shall be deducted from the deposit, and the balance remaining, if any, after completion of the moving of the structure to the new site, shall be 1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
18 returned to the permittee. If the total of such fees is greater than the deposit, the permittee shall pay all such fees.
g) No deposit shall be returned until all debris and litter has been removed and all utilities and sewers disconnected and/or capped to the satisfaction of the city engineer and chief building official. If such removal, disconnection and/or capping is not performed to his/her satisfaction within fifteen (15) days, he/she shall proceed without notice to remove, disconnect or cap as required, deducting the cost of same from the deposit.
13. Chapter 15.11.130 Moving permit application is added:
15.11.130 - Moving permit application.
At least three days prior to the date of the actual move a completed application form shall be submitted to the city engineer on an approved application form. The following information shall be included on the application:
a) The kind of structure to be moved;
b) The street location or other identifying description of the site to which the structure is to be moved;
c) The route over, along, across, and upon which such structure is to be moved; d) The time it is proposed to move the structure and within which removal will be completed; e) Signatures from the following utility companies acknowledging that they have seen and approved the proposed route over which the structure is to be moved;
1. Southern California Edison,
2. Pacific Bell,
3. Continental Cablevision;
f) The loaded height;
g) The loaded length;
h) The loaded weight;
i) The type and number of wheels of the truck or dolly; j) Other information as required by the city engineer to review the application.
14. Chapter 15.11.140 Moving permit faithful performance bond is added:
15.11.140 - Moving permit faithful performance bond.
a) Each application for a moving permit shall be accompanied by a faithful performance bond, in an amount specified by the city engineer not to exceed the sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), guaranteeing completion of the moving work within the time specified in the moving permit. Said bond shall guarantee completion of the moving and the repair or costs of repair for damage to curbs, gutters, sidewalks, driveways, pavements, signs, trees, poles, signals and other facilities belonging to the city.
b) Faithful performance bond for moving shall not be required for residential garages. When both a relocation and moving faithful performance bond are required, they may be combined as one bond. A continuing faithful performance bond in the minimum amount of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) for moving only may be maintained on file with the city engineer by persons engaged in the business of house moving.
15. Chapter 15.11.150 Certificate of insurance is added:
1404.5 Certificate of insurance.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
19 a) Every person, firm, company, corporation, or organization applying for a permit shall file with the engineering department a policy, true copy thereof, or certificate of insurance, accompanied by an endorsement signed by the underwriter or an authorized representative, as evidence that the applicant has obtained and maintains the following insurance requirements:
1. Comprehensive general liability coverage with limits of not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000.00) combined single limit per occurrence for bodily injury, personal injury, and property damage;
2. Automobile liability coverage with limits of not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000.00) combined single limit for occurrence for bodily injury, personal injury and property damage;
3. Worker's compensation coverage with limits as required by the Labor Code of the state of California and employers liability coverage with limits of not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000.00) per accident.
b) The city, its officers, agents and employees are to be named as additional insured with respect to the contractor's general liability. The contractor's insurance shall be considered primary with respect to any insurance or self-insurance programs maintained by the city. The contractor shall also agree to hold the city, its officers, agents and employees harmless from any and all causes of action, penalties, liabilities or loss resulting from claims or court actions arising out of any accidents, loss or damage to persons or property occurring as a result of any work performed by the contractor or his subcontractors. Franchised public utilities operating under the jurisdiction of the California Public Utilities Commission are exempt from the provisions of this article for work performed by their own forces.
16. Chapter 15.11.160 Moving permit regulations is added:
15.11.160 - Permit regulations.
House moving permits shall be conditional upon such requirements as may be established by the city engineer subject to the following regulations:
a) Any truck with metal tires used for moving buildings shall not exceed six hundred (600) pounds per inch of tire surface width while loaded.
b) If rollers are used to move a building, planks shall be placed under the rollers of such width and in such a manner as to protect the surface of the street. c) Buildings shall be moved upon rollers or upon a truck or dolly having wheels equipped with pneumatic, solid rubber, or metal tires.
d) Buildings shall be allowed to remain stationary on a street only where they will not obstruct an intersection or obstruct access to any fire hydrant, standpipe or other fire fighting equipment, located upon or adjacent to such street.
e) Structures shall not be allowed to be moved on the public right-of-way between the hours of thirty (30) minutes after sunset to thirty (30) minutes before sunrise. f) The fire, police, and engineering departments of the city shall be notified of the exact location of the building being moved twice each twenty-four (24) hours while the building is being moved. One time shall be between six p.m. and midnight of each twenty-four (24) hours. g) Provision shall be made for the protection of any tree, shrub or plant located in, or on any street, park boulevard, alley or public place in the city.
h) Buildings shall not be moved upon any street at any other time, to any other destination or in any other manner than as stated in a valid permit.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
20 i) The local utilities shall be notified of the time and place where the moving operations will be carried on.
j) Preparation work on the structure to be moved will not be allowed prior to the issuance of the moving permit.
k) The city engineer may require such additional regulations as he/she may deem necessary to protect the public health and safety.
Section 5. That Ordinance 2025-001 and Ordinance 2022-02 of the City of Kingsburg and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
Section 6. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The City Council of the City of Kingsburg hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional or invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction.
Section 7. That nothing in this ordinance or in the codes hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any act or ordinance hereby repealed by this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character be lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance.
Section 8. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force thirty (30) days from and after its adoption.
Section 9. This ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after its passage and shall be posted in three public places in the City of Kingsburg within fifteen (15) days after its passage.
Passed and adopted by a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Kingsburg, duly called and held on the _____ day of December, 2025, by the following vote:
Ayes: Council Member(s):
Noes: Council Member(s):
Absent: Council Member(s):
Abstain: Council Member(s):
APPROVED:
Brandon Pursell Jr., Mayor
ATTEST:
Abigail Palsgaard, City Clerk
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
DRADFDDD
21 STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF FRESNO )
CITY OF KINGSBURG )
I, Abigail Palsgaard, City Clerk of the City of Kingsburg do hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance was duly introduced at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Kingsburg on the ____ day of December, 2025, and it was duly passed and adopted at a regular meeting of said City Council held on the ______ day of December, 2025.
DATED: , 2025
Abigail Palsgaard, City Clerk
State Capitol Office ▪ 925 L Street • Suite 1404 • Sacramento, CA 95814 • Phone (916) 447-4086 • Fax (916) 244-0209 Federal Office ▪ 600 Pennsylvania Avenue SE • Suite 360 • Washington, DC 20003 • Phone (202) 546-8696 • Fax (202) 546-4555 Southern California Office ▪ 1401 Dove Street • Suite 430 • Newport Beach, CA 92660 • Phone (949) 399-9050 • Fax (949) 476-8215 Northern California Office ▪ 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza • Suite 204 • Oakland, CA 94612 • Phone (510) 835-9050 • Fax (510) 835-9030 Central California Office ▪ 744 P Street • Suite 308 • Fresno, CA 93721
M E M O R A N D U M
To: The Honorable Brandon Pursell, Mayor
Honorable Kingsburg City Council Members
Alexander Henderson, City Manager
From: Townsend Public Affairs
Cori Takkinen, Vice President, Chief Executive Officer
Spencer Street, Senior Associate
Date: October 16, 2025
Subject: Impacts of AB 130 and SB 131
On June 27, Governor Newsom signed into law the FY 25-26 State Budget, however, the budget architecture was incomplete without the enactment of two trailer bills – AB 130 and SB 131. On June 30, Governor Newsom signed AB 130 and SB 131 into law, fully enacting the FY 25-26 State Budget.
AB 130 and SB 131 represent some of the most sweeping housing, homelessness, and environmental streamlining reforms California has advanced in years. While they were included in the budget process, these bills affect land use, project delivery, and local control.
Below is an update on our current understanding of how these bills will affect the City.
AB 130: Reshaping Housing Entitlements and Local Authority No Building Standard Changes Until 2031: AB 130 prohibits cities from making modifications to building standards affecting residential units, including to green building standards, unless the changes are necessary as emergency standards to protect health or safety or they relate to home hardening. Changes are also permitted if the modifications are substantially equivalent to changes or modifications that were previously filed and were in effect as of September 20, 2025. This means that the City would be unable to change residential building standards from October 1, 2025 until June 1, 2031.
ADU Development Standards Restrictions: AB 130 creates several measures that limit local control over housing approvals in City jurisdiction. Notably, the bill limits local control on ADUs by removing the ability to impose objective development or design standards for many ADUs and Junior ADUs. Local governments are also prohibited from charging certain fees related to ADUs or from using deed restrictions to hinder the construction of ADUs. This will result in the City having less discretion in regulating and conditioning ADU development, limiting local planning authority.
Five Hearing Cap on Housing Projects: The bill also caps the number of hearings that can be held on a housing project at five hearings, causing cities to streamline processes which may limit flexibility and debate in complex cases. It also permanently extends several Housing Accountability Act provisions such as freezing zoning standards for developers after the preliminary application is completed and eliminating the ability of cities to block projects that meet objective standards.
No Building Standard Changes Until 2031: AB 130 also prohibits cities from making modifications to building standards affecting residential units, including to green building standards unless the changes are necessary as emergency standards to protect health or safety or they relate to home hardening. This means that the City would be unable to change residential building standards until June 1, 2031.
CEQA Exemptions for Housing Developments: Critically, AB 130 provides that CEQA does not apply to a housing development project when the project site is not more than 20 acres, is consistent with the general plan and zoning ordinance, and the immediately surrounding sites are developed with urban uses. This would ensure developers do not have to take noise, air pollution, traffic, or other environmental concerns into account when building infill housing in urban areas. 60 Day “Shot Clock” on CEQA Permits: The law also creates a 60-day ministerial review period for qualifying CEQA permits that requires local agencies to approve or deny eligible applications within 60 days of receiving a complete submission. Since the review is strictly ministerial, there is no room for discretionary denial. If the City fails to act on the permit within the 60-day window, the project can be automatically approved under state law.
Extending the Housing Crisis Act: The bill also makes permanent several parts of the Housing Crisis Act which would:
- Prohibit local agencies from requiring more than five hearings on a housing development project that complies with zoning standards
- Require a local government to compile a list that specifies in detail the information required from any applicant for a development project
- Authorize a housing development to submit a preliminary application and require a local government to determine the completeness of that preliminary application This would impact the City by lowering the amount of control that the City has over housing development approval processes.
Mandatory Inspections for Homeless Shelters: Although the City does not have any homeless shelters, it is worth noting that the law mandates annual, and possibly unannounced, inspections of all shelters in the City’s jurisdiction. Any City found to be out of compliance with state shelter standards would have their funding withheld by HCD until the violation is corrected.
SB 131: Homelessness Funding and Expanding CEQA Exemptions Round 7 HHAP Funding: SB 131 establishes Round 7 of the Homeless Housing, Assistance, and Prevention Program (HHAP). The original budget did not have any HHAP funding this year, but during the Legislature’s approval of the Governor’s May Revision, $500 million of funding was added, half the amount that had been approved for each of the six previous rounds.
Exemptions for Wildfire Risk Management Projects: The bill also exempts certain wildfire risk reduction projects, such as defensible space clearance and fuel breaks from CEQA. This provision would allow the City to have a more streamlined process for fuel modification projects. There are some limits on fuel modification projects, including avoiding sensitive habitats which could mean that any Back Bay wildfire risk reduction projects would still need to go through the full CEQA process.
Rezoning to Meet Housing Elements: Cities are also able to rezone land to meet Housing Element targets without full CEQA review, allowing faster adoption of housing-compliant zoning and site approvals.
Narrowing of CEQA Review: CEQA review is also narrowed under the scope of this bill. If a project fails to qualify for a categorial or statutory exemption due to one condition, CEQA review is limited to only that one condition, reducing the cost of CEQA review but limiting grounds for challenging a project. The bill does exclude internal city staff communications which simplifies record preparation and reduces administrative burdens.
State to Draw Map of Eligible Urban Infill Sites: One critical aspect of this bill is the requirement for the Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation to create an official map of eligible urban infill sites across all urban areas. Cities are able to comment and request corrections on the map but do not control the final map, which could affect local land use decisions and development priorities if areas are pre-designated by the State.
Ad Summam
AB 130 and SB 131 represent the most sweeping changes to the California Environmental Quality Act since its inception and provide dramatic changes to statewide housing policy. Both bills limit local control over development by streamlining housing project approval, limiting ADU standards, and reducing environmental review barriers. Limitations on public hearings for development projects and freezing local building code changes further reduces the authority of locals. Due to the rapid passage of both of these consequential bills, information is still being released and we will continue to update the Council on how this legislation will affect the City.
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES GOVERNOR GAVIN NEWSOM
BUILDING STANDARDS COMMISSION
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, California 95833-2936
(916) 263-0916 FAX (916) 263-0959
CALIFORNIA BUILDING STANDARDS COMMISSION
INFORMATION BULLETIN 25-03
DATE: September 22, 2025
TO: LOCAL BUILDING DEPARTMENTS
STATE AGENCIES AND DEPARTMENTS
CBSC INTERESTED PARTIES
SUBJECT: AB 130 (Chapter 22, Statutes of 2025) and Impact on Process for Local Amendments to Title 24, California Building Standards Code
The purpose of this information bulletin is to alert local building departments, state agencies and departments, and interested parties of new requirements in the California Health & Safety Code (HSC) relating to changes in laws governing the Title 24 building standard local amendment process.
Background
Budget trailer bill AB 130 (Chapter 22, Statutes of 2025, see Sections 29-31 and 37-42 of the bill) became effective June 30, 2025, and enacted a moratorium on state and local building standards affecting residential units beginning October 1, 2025, and ending June 1, 2031. This bulletin seeks to provide local agencies guidance on these new laws now in effect.
Residential Units Not Defined
The scope of the moratorium on residential building standards enacted by AB 130 encompasses “residential units,” which is currently not defined in statute and regulation.
As such, the commission interprets this to mean all Residential Group R occupancies, as listed in Section 310 of the California Building Code (Part 2 of Title 24), as well as detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses, as listed in the California Residential Code (Part 2.5 of Title 24). Specifically, the residential Group R occupancies listed in Section 310 of the CBC would include Residential Groups R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R2.2, R-3, R-3.1, and R-4.
6-year Moratorium on Local Amendments Affecting Residential Units AB 130 amends Health and Safety Code Sections 17958, 17958.5, 17958.7, and 18941.5 relative to local amendments to Title 24, and prohibits cities and counties from making changes that are applicable to residential units, unless one of the following conditions is met:
(1) The changes or modifications are substantially equivalent to changes or modifications that were previously filed by the governing body of the city or county and were in effect as of September 30, 2025.
The commission interprets this to mean a local amendment applicable to residential units being carried forward from a previously filed ordinance (i.e., an ordinance amending the 2022 edition of Title 24) with no material change in regulatory effect to the existing standards.
(2) The commission deems those changes or modifications necessary as emergency standards to protect health and safety.
The commission interprets this to mean a local ordinance that has been adopted on an emergency and/or urgency basis in order to protect the health and safety of the regulated community, and necessitates an emergency/urgency finding or justification be included with the ordinance along with other findings required by state law. (3) The changes or modifications relate to home hardening.
The term “home hardening” is not defined in statute or regulation. As such, the commission interprets this to mean local amendments to the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code (Part 7 of Title 24). For local amendments that pertain to home hardening outside of Part 7, the commission may review in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
(4) The building standards relate to home hardening and are proposed for adoption by a fire protection district pursuant to Section 13869.7.
As a reminder, local amendments made by fire protection districts are required to be filed with the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), not the California Building Standards Commission. If such ordinances are submitted to the commission, they will be referred to HCD for consideration. (5) The changes or modifications are necessary to implement a local code amendment that is adopted to align with a general plan approved on or before June 10, 2025, and that permits mixed-fuel residential construction consistent with federal law while also incentivizing all-electric construction as part of an adopted greenhouse gas emissions reduction strategy.
The commission strongly recommends local agencies include the following information in their filed ordinance:
1. Clearly identify the adopted greenhouse gas reduction strategy and general plan approved on or before June 10, 2025, and
2. Clearly explain how the ordinance incentivizes all-electric construction and complies with federal law in permitting mixed-fuel residential construction.
The commission, in determining that a modification or change meets any of the criteria contained in paragraphs (1) through (5) above, may rely on a statement by the local agency to that effect.
The commission strongly recommends local agencies include a statement that cites the specific exception(s) from AB 130 that authorize all code changes affecting residential units contained within the filed ordinance. The commission will review this statement, along with reviewing the details of each local ordinance submitted to ensure compliance with these new laws.
Local Administrative Standards
The definition of “Building Standard” in Health and Safety Code Section 18909 includes the following statement relative to administrative standards:
Health and Safety Code Section 18909(c) “Building standard” includes a regulation or rule relating to the implementation or enforcement of a building standard not otherwise governed by statute, but does not include the adoption of procedural ordinances by a city or other public agency relating to civil, administrative, or criminal procedures and remedies available for enforcing code violations.”
While the definition of “Building Standard” does not include specified administrative provisions, AB 130 authorizes changes or modifications related to administrative practices that are proposed for adoption during the intervening period pursuant to Section 18942, and exclusively result in any of the following:
(A) Reductions in time for a local agency to issue a postentitlement permit. (B) Alterations to a local agency’s postentitlement fee schedule. (C) Modernization of, or adoption of, new permitting platforms and software utilized by the local agency.
(D) Reductions in cost of internal operation for a local agency. (E) Establishment, alteration, or removal of local programs related to enforcement of building code violations or complaints alleging building code violations.
These administrative changes or modifications made may be filed with the commission and shall be reviewed by the commission, in consultation with the Department of Housing and Community Development, within 60 days of receipt, if requested by the local agency.
The commission interprets this to mean that a local jurisdiction is not required to include these or other administrative provisions which are not building standards within their ordinance, but they may if they choose. However, the commission and department will only review the administrative provisions specified in paragraphs (A) through (E) above if formally requested by the local agency, and requires the local agency to include this formal request in the cover letter or transmission email included with the ordinance filing.
Model Home Design Exception
AB 130 also amended Health and Safety Code 18938.5 relative to model home designs. Notwithstanding other laws, AB 130 authorizes that “the state and local building standards in effect at the time an application for a building permit is submitted, for a residential dwelling based on a model home design approved under those standards, shall apply to all future residential dwellings based on that approved model home design in the same jurisdiction, unless the model home design substantially changes at a later date or 10 years have passed since the building permit for the model home design was approved by the jurisdiction, whichever comes first.” The commission notes this new provision does not directly affect the programs, policies and laws under its purview (e.g., review/processing of state and local amendments, administration of the building standard code adoption process, codification and publication of Title 24, etc.). Therefore, the commission is unable to provide guidance on this statute and recommends local jurisdictions consult with their legal counsel and/or relevant industry associations.
Next Steps
In most cases, the commission cannot interpret statute on behalf of local authorities having jurisdiction. Due to the breadth and scope of AB 130 and its impact on the Title 24 local amendment process, the commission’s goal is to provide uniform guidance to local jurisdictions and the regulated community and will continue to do so in the months ahead. Once again, the commission recommends that local jurisdictions consult with their legal counsel when implementing these new laws.
If you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact our office at (916) 263-0916 or email your inquiry to [email protected].
Stoyan Bumbalov
Stoyan Bumbalov
Executive Director
Building Codes Adoption
Playbook
For Authorities Having Jurisdiction
FEMA P-2196 / November 2024 (Revised June 2025)
This page intentionally left blank
Introduction
FEMA’s Building Codes Adoption Playbook for Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) is intended for officials involved in adopting and enforcing building codes. The Playbook provides guidance to AHJs considering the adoption of the most current model building codes to mitigate damage and loss caused by future natural hazards. This is accomplished by providing general knowledge on the importance of building codes, general steps to adopt and enforce them, information on FEMA grants and references to additional resources.
As a result of its long history with natural disasters and developing state-of-the-art, natural hazardresistant, design guidance and code change proposals, FEMA recognizes that buildings constructed in accordance with current codes protect lives and reduce the consequences of natural hazards.
Because buildings generally have over a 50-year life span and comprise the largest subset of the nation’s infrastructure, the risk to the nation is incredibly significant. FEMA strongly encourages using current natural hazard-resistant codes and standards in the construction of new buildings and the repair, alteration and addition of existing buildings.
Earthquakes Hurricanes Floods High Winds Wildland Fires Other Hazards Figure 1. Natural Hazard Events
FEMA embraces local leadership, control and responsibility in its programs and policies. AHJs are government agencies at the state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) level responsible for the adoption and enforcement of building codes within their community. They can be composed of building, floodplain management, public works, zoning, planning, fire and other local government officials having authority in how or where buildings are constructed. Adopting and enforcing a comprehensive package of building codes and standards is crucial to community resiliency.
Depending on state and local laws and regulations, AHJs may customize or amend their specific adoption and enforcement ordinances to meet their needs. However, the weakening of natural hazard provisions is discouraged. FEMA encourages and, in some instances, incentivizes jurisdictions to base their adoption ordinances on nationally recognized model building codes that reduce risk from natural hazards.
Building codes, in general, refer to sets of requirements governing the design, construction, alteration, maintenance and use of buildings. They specify the minimum requirements to adequately safeguard building occupants’ health, safety and welfare.
Model building codes refer to minimum design provisions and practices established by nationally recognized coordinating bodies made up of building professionals from all interested organizations. They are developed using consensus processes, they require the use of referenced national consensus standards and specifications and they can be used as templates for AHJs to use when developing their local ordinances.
Authorities Having Jurisdiction adopt and enforce a comprehensive building code package by ordinance. They can adopt the model codes in their entirety or amend them as necessary depending on their laws and regulations.
i
BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Table Of Contents
Overview .............................................................................................................................................1 Building Codes 101 ........................................................................................................................... 1 Staying Current .................................................................................................................................. 3 Enforcement is Key ........................................................................................................................... 3 Validating Building Performance ...................................................................................................... 4 Building Codes Save Lives and Money ...........................................................................................5 Life Safety ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Economic Benefits ............................................................................................................................ 6 The I-Codes .........................................................................................................................................8 Overview of the ICC Code Development Cycle ..............................................................................9 Tracking Code Adoption Nationwide ............................................................................................11 Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule ............................................................................11 FEMA Building Code Adoption Tracking .........................................................................................11 Maximizing FEMA Funding Opportunities ................................................................................... 13 Incentivizing Adoption .....................................................................................................................13 Building Code Funding Opportunities ............................................................................................13 Code Adoption Checklists ..............................................................................................................15 Building Code Adoption Checklist for Jurisdictions ....................................................................16 Recommended Adoption Checklist ................................................................................................16 ii
BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Statewide Building Code Adoption Checklist ............................................................................. 18 Recommended Legislative Action Checklist ..................................................................................18 Recommended Regulatory Action Checklist .................................................................................19 Code Enforcement Process ............................................................................................................20 How Building Code Enforcement Works ........................................................................................20 Resources ........................................................................................................................................22 Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................................23 Watch these short videos about the Building Codes Adoption Playbook! Scan to watch
the video series!
This video series is a companion to FEMA P-2196. It consists of nine short modules, each featuring an expert from FEMA who elaborates on the various topics covered in the playbook. 1 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Overview
Building Codes 101
Natural hazards (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, straight-line winds and wildfires) don’t occur every day, but when they do there can be severe consequences for a community. AHJs are in uniquely powerful positions to protect their communities through smart planning and regulation. Adopting and enforcing current building codes that provide natural hazard resistance is an important tool that has been shown to save lives and money.
Building codes are sets of minimum requirements governing the design, construction, alteration, maintenance and use of structures and are developed through consensus processes. From a desire to protect people’s lives, today’s code landscape has evolved into a formidable package of minimum building requirements to protect building occupants as well as the public’s health, safety and general welfare. They have continued to evolve to address accessibility, new technology and the latest construction materials and methods. These include wide-ranging parent and companion building codes, structural design standards, material-specific standards, voluntary standards and product quality specifications.
Figure 2. Evolution of Building Codes
CITIESREGIONALNATIONAL
LEGACY REGIONAL CODES
Uniform
Building Code
Southern Standard
Building Code
National
Building Code
Building codes developed naturally in the United States as technology and building science evolved and best practices were agreed upon. As depicted in Figure 2, building codes were first developed by larger cities in response to significant life-safety events. Over time, common construction practices were identified on a regional level and became standard practice, leading to the development of regional model codes. These regional model codes saved AHJs time and money by introducing a building code template. As the construction and materials industries developed nationally, the regional code-making bodies merged to form the International Code Council (ICC) to provide model codes with building practices that were widely accepted across the entire country.
2 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Multiple entities develop model building codes including the International Code Council, National Fire Protection Association and International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials. FEMA’s primary focus is on those nationally recognized model building codes that provide natural hazard risk reduction. Currently, the most widely recognized and adopted set of model building codes that address natural hazard resistance are published by the International Code Council and are referred to as the I-Codes.
The flagship ICC model building codes are the International Building Code (IBC), the International Existing Building Code (IEBC) and the International Residential Code (IRC). These three model codes can be considered parent codes that coordinate all other codes. Combined with discipline-specific companion codes, including fire, plumbing, mechanical and others, a comprehensive package is formed. This package includes referenced national consensus material and engineering standards and product quality specifications, thereby incorporating the scientific understanding produced by specialized organizations. Compliance with the referenced standards within each code is necessary for compliance with the code.
It is important to note that model building codes do not carry the authority of law by themselves.
They must be explicitly selected and adopted through ordinance by the AHJ to become legally enforceable in accordance with state and local laws and regulations. AHJs should remember that weakening the natural hazard-resistant provisions of the model codes through amendment increases the vulnerability of their communities. Examples of weakening natural hazard-resistant provisions include, but are not limited to, removing flood elevation requirements or reducing seismic or wind load design values.
Additionally, building codes adopted and enforced by AHJs are typically non-retroactive. Therefore, even full adoption and enforcement of the latest model codes does not imply that all buildings in the community are protected from future natural hazard impacts. Vulnerable existing buildings, even if they are prohibited by current codes, do not trigger code enforcement actions. Within the IEBC, retrofit is only voluntary unless triggered by certain damage, alterations, additions or change of use. An AHJ could include additional mandatory retrofit requirements in its building code adoption ordinance or issue a special ordinance. For example, communities with earthquake risk should consider retrofit or replacement of buildings constructed using unreinforced masonry.
Going Beyond the Minimum
Building codes represent a community’s minimum requirements for projects to protect life within its jurisdiction. Property owners, designers, and builders can and should consider exceeding these minimums to protect their investments and to make their communities more resilient to natural hazards. Programs like FORTIFIED can be a tool for achieving higher levels of performance and, in some areas, building to these standards can reduce insurance premiums. Also, several FEMA products, such as FEMA 232, Home Builders Guide for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction and FEMA P-804, Protect Your Property from High Winds: Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential Buildings identify a series of “above code recommendations” to provide better performance.
Ultimately, a qualified team of building design professionals can provide significant low-cost improvements in building performance if initiated early in the design process. What works to protect from one hazard may also help to satisfy the needs of another hazard if thoughtfully designed.
3 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Staying Current
Model building codes improve with each edition based on lessons learned, building science advancements, engineering practices and technological advances. The I-Codes are updated on a three-year cycle and incorporate current information such as updated wind speed maps, snow load maps and seismic ground motion maps. The code update process is open to any interested parties and includes hearings and public comment periods. Each code change proposal is evaluated to avoid unwarranted increases in construction cost. It is critical that states and localities adopt the most current edition of the model codes, and consider implementing a process to facilitate continuous adoption.
A majority of communities where natural hazard risk has been identified have not adopted the current or next most recent version of natural hazard-resistant building codes.
For ways FEMA can help your community with building code adoption and enforcement, please read the section “Maximizing FEMA Funding Opportunities.”
Enforcement is Key
For most AHJs, enforcement is a process carried out by a team of building code professionals. It can be an official part of the AHJ’s governmental organization called the Department of Building and Safety or similar, a contracted function or some combination of the two. It includes building officials like plans examiners and inspectors with specialized skillsets based on the occupancy, size, type of the building, material of construction, or mechanical, electrical, plumbing systems. It may also include permit technicians, zoning, planning, fire or floodplain management officials. The 2021 IBC Appendix A describes this essential team’s best qualifications, experience, training and certifications.
An adopted building code package is just words without enforcement. Brand new homes can still be vulnerable to damage from small events if the AHJ’s code package requires components such as anchor bolts to attach a house to its foundation, but they aren’t installed or installed incorrectly.
For more information on enforcement, please read the section “Code Enforcement Process.” !
Paperwork by Scott Graham
4 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Validating Building Performance
Mitigation Assessment Team
For over 30 years, FEMA’s Building Science Disaster Support Program has deployed Mitigation Assessment Teams (MAT) to assess the performance of buildings in areas that were hit by natural hazards. The teams investigate why some buildings were able to withstand the harsh effects of the natural hazard while others experienced devastating damage. Through the Program’s efforts, FEMA has conducted multiple post-hazard assessments and has released studies that show the proven benefits of adopting building codes. Figure 3 details how the lessons learned from such incidents feed into guidance, tools and code development.
Figure 3. Building Science Cycle
Guidance and
Tools Development
Building Codes and Standards
HAZARD RESISTANCE
Outreach and Implementation
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Reduced Disaster
Losses
Lessons Learned
Research to Practice
Research/
New Knowledge
MAT studies have consistently shown that buildings constructed without implementing natural hazard-resistant provisions performed worse than those that were built with those provisions.
Following a deployment, FEMA publishes the observations and recommendations of a MAT in reports.
Buildings that experience the most damage were often not built in accordance with a current code or were built using older code editions. Correlating with the regular updates and improvements made to model codes, buildings built to more recent code editions fared better than buildings built to older editions due to scientific advances.
5 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Building Codes Save Lives and
Money
On January 12th, 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck the island nation of Haiti. The event was catastrophic, with an official toll of upwards of 300,000 fatalities. A main contributing factor to the high death toll was Haiti’s lack of earthquake hazard resistance in their buildings.
On February 27th of that year, the country of Chile was struck by a magnitude 8.8 earthquake and a resulting tsunami. Although buildings sustained damage, the impacts were reduced due to Chile’s strict building codes that were adopted in the aftermath of an earthquake experienced in the 1960s.
Around 500 lost their lives in 2010.
The struggles these two countries experienced teach us two important lessons:
1. Natural hazard-resistant building codes work. While any life lost is a tragedy, the communities in Chile suffered less tragedy and death due to Chile’s decision to implement building codes after an earthquake in the 1960s.
2. Communities should be proactive and not wait to experience a disaster before choosing to protect themselves. One of the most impactful strategies for protecting buildings and society from natural hazards is the adoption and enforcement of natural hazard-resistant building codes.
“Strong, hazard-resistant building codes are a cornerstone of loss reduction.
They save property, but more importantly, they save lives”. - FEMA Administrator, Deanne Criswell
Communities that have adopted and enforced
current building codes have avoided at least $32
billion in losses from natural hazards since 2000.
It is estimated that the savings could accumulate
up to $132 billion over the next 40 years. While
adopting the latest building codes may seem costly,
the added cost for natural hazard resistance is often
quite small. The additional cost of roof tie-downs and
window protection required by current codes in highwind regions of the country is, on average, less than 2% of total construction costs and affords enormous
future savings in avoided damages. Figure 4. Future Savings from Adopting Current Building Codes
20 Years
40 Years $132 billion
losses avoided
$32 billion
losses avoided
6 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Life Safety
Building codes are one of the most effective ways to ensure the safety of those within a community during a natural hazard. Between 2010 and 2020, the National Weather Service reported a ten-year average of 94 tornado-related fatalities. In addition to that, the Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Study determined that about 1,600 people experience nonfatal injuries for every one fatality caused by natural hazards. In an effort to show the benefit-cost of natural hazard mitigation, the Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Study also revealed that new buildings designed above the 2015 I-Codes edition would prevent the following:
32,000 non-fatal
injuries each year 20 deaths each year 100 cases of PTSD each year Building codes can benefit all structures and communities. Individuals whose homes do not adhere to current building codes tend to face greater challenges when natural hazards occur. A way to help address this issue is to increase the natural hazard resistance of both new and existing housing through the adoption of current building codes and through retrofits. Minimizing damage through natural hazard resistance lessens the time it takes for these residents to recover from a natural hazard and ensures all community members have the opportunity to live in a home that keeps them safe against natural hazards.
Economic Benefits
Along with increased life safety and financial
savings from reduced damage, building codes
can provide other economic benefits such as
increased property value and reduced insurance
premiums. Data from Verisk’s Building Code
Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS), which
classifies a municipality’s adoption and enforcement
of building codes, provides many benefits to the
community and the individual. BCEGS classification
can help lower insurance rates and boost grant
opportunities. Furthermore, the National Flood
Insurance Program’s Community Rating System
is a voluntary incentive program that uses BCEGS data and encourages community adoption of natural hazard-resistant building codes to exceed the minimum National Flood Insurance Program requirements. The Community Rating System incentivizes code adoption by discounting the community’s flood insurance premiums where current model building codes have been adopted and enforced.
Figure 5. FEMA P-2022, MAT Report:
Hurricane Harvey in Texas found that
flood insurance claims of elevated homes
required by current code were about 95%
lower than non-elevated homes after
Hurricane Harvey.
7 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Additional Studies
FEMA has conducted and supported studies such as the Building Codes Save Study and National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Study which evaluated the cost, benefits and the financial losses avoided in communities that implement building codes.
Figure 6 highlights key findings from the Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Study that showcase how adopting current natural hazard-resistant building codes benefits everyone.
Figure 6. Costs and benefits associated with constructing new buildings to meet the 2018 IRC and IBC (in $ billions).
Mitigation Category Cost Benefit Benefit-Cost Ratio
Riverine Flood $0.09 $0.55 6:1
Hurricane Flood $0.53 $5.55 10:1
Earthquake $0.58 $6.90 12:1
Total for adopting 2018 I-Codes $1.20 $13.00 11:1
House in Massachusetts by Todd Kent
8 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
The I-Codes
While the majority of this playbook is focused on building codes and building code adoption, there are many different codes that are established under the ICC’s family of codes. Below is a brief overview of ICC’s family of codes, as well as their importance.
International Building Code
The IBC consists of provisions that can apply to all new buildings.
International Residential Code
The IRC consists of provisions designed to address the natural hazard-resistance of single-family houses, two-family houses and townhouses.
International Existing Building Code
The IEBC consists of provisions that apply to existing buildings undergoing repairs, alterations, additions or change of use. The IEBC is particularly useful in the repair of damaged buildings.
The ICC develops 15 model codes used to regulate
the design and construction of buildings (see
Figure 7 for the other codes). Many of the codes
focus on discipline-specific applications that, when
packaged together, will benefit the communities
who adopt and enforce them. Codes such as the
International Fire Code and International WildlandUrban Interface Code address making buildings more resilient against fire events, including
explosions and wildfires. Other codes, such as
the International Energy Conservation Code and International Green Construction Code, contain provisions for constructing buildings that conserve energy and are more environmentally friendly.
In addition to code development, ICC also develops standards following the ANSI consensus-based process. Some of these ICC standards are referenced in the I-Codes.
For more information, please visit codes.iccsafe.org.
Figure 7. ICC I-Codes Suite
9 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Overview of the ICC Code
Development Cycle
Did You Know?
ICC develops national model building codes through the governmental consensus process.
How often are codes developed or updated?
New editions of the I-Codes are released every three years.
The code development process occurs in intervening years and can be summarized as follows:
1. Stakeholders, including members of the public, can
submit proposed changes.
2. Proposed changes are considered in open committee
and public comment hearings.
3. The new code editions are finalized and published, and the process starts again to develop the next edition.
Who Serves on ICC Committees?
Committee members are organized by one of three
categories: Builders with Drawing by Pixy.org
General:
government regulatory
agencies
User:
building owners, designers,
insurance companies, private
inspection agencies, academics
Producer:
builders, contractors,
manufacturers, distributors
and labor
10 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
How can I participate?
Construction Worker by Josh Olalde
1 Anyone can submit a code change proposal. If you believe there’s a code provision that needs to be added, improvement or removed, it’s as simple as visiting cdpACCESS® to submit a code change.
2 Submit a public comment in favor or against any code change proposal in response to the committee recommendations online by emailing [email protected]. 3 Interested in joining a committee? Visit ICC’s Call for Councils and Committees to apply.
4 Testify in favor of or against any code change by attending Code Action Hearings.
Visit the International Code Council’s Current Code Development Cycle page for information specific to the latest cycle.
11 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Tracking Code Adoption
Nationwide
Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule
Verisk administers the Building Code Effectiveness
Grading Schedule to participating communities. The
BCEGS program evaluates building code enforcement
efforts at the jurisdiction level in three areas: code
administration, plan review and field inspection. Verisk collects and analyzes more than 1,200 data elements
to calculate scores for one- and two-family residential properties and for commercial or industrial properties.
Scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum
of 100. Verisk translates the scores to a scaled
class rating from 1 (exemplary commitment to building code enforcement) to 10. Communities are reevaluated generally every four to five years nationally (every three years in Florida) or as substantial changes are made to department operations. FEMA leverages some of this data for building code adoption tracking and grants’ criteria. Note: BCEGS scores are proprietary to Verisk, but that Verisk always shares the score with the community to which it pertains.
For more information, contact Verisk’s mitigation team via email at [email protected] or call their mitigation specialists at 1-800-444-4554.
FEMA Building Code Adoption Tracking
FEMA tracks the natural hazard-resistant building
code adoption status for state, local, tribal and
territorial governments, covering approximately 24,000
Did You Know?
BCEGS assigns each community a
rating of 1 (highest possible rating) to
10 (lowest possible rating) based on its
commitment to adopting and enforcing
building codes.
jurisdictions across the nation. This effort, often referred to as Building Code Adoption Tracking (BCAT), evaluates several aspects of a community’s natural hazard risks
and building code adoption, including:
State or territory requirements for mandatory building code adoption
Building code adoption status for jurisdictions, including construction requirements for residential and commercial
Identification of known weakening of natural hazard-resistant provisions. 24,000
The approximate number of
jurisdictions for which FEMA tracks
current building code adoption status.
12 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Figure 8. BCAT Map of the United States grouped by FEMA regions (October 2024) Moderate Resistance (25.0% to 74.9% of tracked jurisdictions are resistant) Lower Resistance 0% to 24.9% of tracked jurisdictions are resistant) Higher Resistance (75.0% to 100% of tracked jurisdictions are resistant) AK
AZ
NV UT
CA
NM
OR
WA
WY
ID
MT ND
SD
NE
CO
KS
OK
TX
MN
IA
MO
AR
LA
WI
MI
IL IN
KY
TN
MS AL GA
FL
SC
NC
VA
OH
WV
RI
DE
NJ PA
NY
ME
NH
VT
MA
CT
MD
HI
DC
PR
USVI CNMI
AS
GU
BCAT Portal
The data FEMA has collected through BCAT is
presented through the BCAT Portal, which is an
interactive map designed through a web-based
geographic information system that presents data
down to the jurisdiction level. The map tracks multiple natural hazards and displays the following information:
Code adoption information for Census
Incorporated Places
Additional metadata such as the latest decennial
U.S. Census population and National Flood
Insurance Program Community Identification
number
High-risk areas, code adoption and weakening
amendments viewable for each individual hazard
or through a combined hazards layer
Figure 9. BCAT Portal
Did You Know?
BCAT is a year-round endeavor. The
interactive portal is updated every
quarter while the FEMA Regional fact
sheets are released every spring.
13 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Maximizing FEMA Funding
Opportunities
Incentivizing Adoption
Natural hazard-resistant communities begin with modern building codes. Looking for ways to fund more robust codes in your community? FEMA offers a multitude of grants focused on helping communities to adopt and enforce building codes.
Contact your state hazard mitigation officer for assistance on grant opportunities.
Building Code Funding Opportunities
FEMA provides many building code-funding opportunities. The following table details the grant program’s name, who can apply and what potential eligible activities are available to help adopt or enforce building codes. For more information, click on the grant title to get more details.
NEHRP State
Assistance Grant
Program
Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program
Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program PostFire Funding
Public Assistance
Program
Non-Disaster Disaster-Related Disaster-Related Disaster-Related Open To:
States and territories
determined to have
a high or very highrisk of earthquakes
(Individual State
Earthquake
Assistance) or Nonprofits and higher
education institutes
(Multi-State and
National Earthquake
Assistance).
State, territories and
tribal governments
submit on behalf of
subapplicants after
presidential major
disaster declaration.
Homeowners,
business operators,
and non-profit
organizations cannot
apply directly to FEMA,
but can be included
in a subapplication
submitted by an
eligible subapplicant.
State, territories and
tribal governments
with a FEMA-approved
mitigation plan
affected by fires
that resulted in a
Fire Management
Assistance Grant
declaration on or after
Oct. 5, 2018.
Government or Private
Non-profits up to 180
days following the
disaster.
Please see DRRA
1206 flyer for more
details.
A video that explains
the public assistance
funding process is
also available.
i
14 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
NEHRP State
Assistance Grant
Program
Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program
Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program PostFire Funding
Public Assistance
Program
Non-Disaster Disaster-Related Disaster-Related Disaster-Related Eligible Code Activities:
Update building
codes, zoning codes
and ordinances to
enhance seismic
safety
Post-Disaster Code
Enforcement
Building Code
Improvements:
Evaluate or implement
building codes that
reduce risk, enhance
existing building
codes to incorporate
more current
requirements or
higher standards, and
develop professional
workforce capabilities.
Building Code
Administration,
Code Enforcement,
Floodplain
Management
Ordinance
Administration
and Enforcement,
Substantial Damage
Determinations
New Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and HMGP Post-Fire 5% Codes and Standards Initiative
Applicants may apply for up to 5% of the HMGP ceiling or HMGP Post-Fire award for codes and standards activities. The 5% Codes and Standards offers expanded eligibility for a variety of codes and standards activities. This funding source must be used for codes and standards activities and may be paired with the 5% Initiative for a total of up to 10% of the HMGP ceiling or HMGP Post-Fire award. For more detail, refer to the 2024 Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Guide and Policy, Part
11.F.1.4.
In general, both HMGP and HMGP Post-Fire offer:
Advance assistance: Advance assistance is authorized by Section 404(e) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 271 which allows advancing up to 25% of the HMGP ceiling or HMGP Post-Fire award. For more detail, refer to the 2024 HMA Guide, Part 11.B. 5% Initiative: Up to 5% of the recipient’s HMGP ceiling or HMGP Post-Fire award may be used for hazard mitigation measures that are difficult to evaluate against traditional program cost effectiveness. For more detail, refer to the 2024 HMA Guide, Part 10.A.7.1. 7% planning: Up to 7% of the recipient’s HMGP ceiling or HMGP Post-Fire award may be used for mitigation planning activities in compliance with 44 CFR 201.3(c)(4). Within this percentage, there are no limits on the dollar value of the planning-related activity or the number of planning activities that can be submitted on behalf of a community. For more detail, refer to the 2024 HMA Guide, Part 11.A.2.4.
5% Codes and Standards: Up to 5% of the recipient’s HMGP ceiling or HMGP Post-Fire award may be used for codes and standards mitigation activities. For more detail, refer to the 2024 HMA Guide, Part 11.F.1.4.
Other federal agencies including the Department of Energy and Department of Housing and Urban Development also have programs that support the adoption and implementation of codes.
Jurisdictions should also identify opportunities to leverage this funding. 15 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Code Adoption Checklists
Two adoption checklists are presented here to help inform those in charge of building code adoption of the general processes followed.
If you are involved in the local government, please reference the Building Code Adoption Checklist for Jurisdictions page. If you are involved in statewide building code adoption, please refer to the Statewide Building Code Adoption Checklist page.
Often, a jurisdiction’s authority to adopt building codes is dependent on the level of home-rule authority granted by the state to its political subdivisions. Broadly speaking, there are two general categories states fall into, although some may not fall into either category or may be a combination of both. Those categories are:
Non-Home Rule: Jurisdictions do not inherently possess the authority to amend the state building code (if there is one) nor to adopt their own code but may do so if and only if the state has formally delegated such authority to them.
Home Rule: Jurisdictions do not need the state to expressly grant them the authority to adopt a building code but instead inherently possess that authority. However, if the state has adopted and mandated a building code statewide, this may restrict the local jurisdiction’s ability to adopt a separate code or to amend the state’s code with local amendments and may even override a local building code previously adopted by the jurisdiction. In states that adopt a statewide building code and follow a combination of the two rules, jurisdictions are permitted to modify the state code with local amendments applicable within their respective boundaries.
i Contact your office of legal counsel to learn more about your legal authority.
Did You Know?
Requiring current natural hazard-resistant codes—i.e., the IRC and IBC—could prevent roughly $14,000 in losses per building in areas where codes have not been updated in the past two decades, an $11 to $1 return on investment.
$14,000
losses prevented per building
$11 to $1
return on investment
16 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Building Code Adoption Checklist
for Jurisdictions
As noted in the ”Code Adoption Checklists” page, a jurisdiction’s ability to adopt building codes can vary. The following checklist provides a general overview of how local jurisdictions can go about adopting current, natural hazard-resistant building codes.
Recommended Adoption Checklist
If your state, tribe or territory follows Non-Home Rule exclusively, please visit here for information on your statewide building codes and who to contact for related questions.
Jurisdiction Code Adoption Checklist Checkbox
1. Determine if your jurisdiction has the legal authority to adopt its own codes. If your jurisdiction has the legislative authority to adopt its own code, please proceed to step 2a.
If your state has adopted a code and your jurisdiction has the power to choose whether to adopt the state code, please proceed to step 2b.
2a. Reach out to your local International Code Council chapter or Government Relations Representative for help determining which I-Code editions should be adopted and enforced in your area. Chapter representatives can also help you determine if any modifications are necessary through formal amendment.
Remember, natural hazards are unpredictable and only getting stronger. AHJs should consider above-model code legislation.
For additional information, sample code ordinances can be found here.
2b. Decide whether you would like to adopt the code chosen by your state. Typically, the AHJ will release a public notice of intent and give the public an opportunity to review the proposed code and formally submit proposals for code amendments.
The proposals are voted on by a council composed of representative stakeholders such as government agencies, utility companies, professionals from the design and construction industry, builders and others. The approved amendments are then incorporated into a revised code, which gets voted on by the council in order to formally adopt. Amendments to remove or weaken the natural hazard-resistant provisions of the code should not be approved.
17 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Jurisdiction Code Adoption Checklist Checkbox
3. A group of representatives appointed by the governing body or administration should release a notice to the public describing the code.
The notice should state the following:
The purpose of adopting a building code
The name of the building code that will be adopted
Stakeholders who support the adoption of this code
Consult your city, county or state attorney for the available options.
4. Once the notice has been released, stakeholders may provide feedback and possible amendments.
5. The representatives and other stakeholders involved should review all comments received and decide if they should be rejected or incorporated into the code.
6. The code is formally voted on.
7. Proceed to enforce the adopted and/or amended code within your jurisdiction. For resources to help you adopt, check out the “Resources” section.
Local jurisdictions who adopt current building codes without weakening the natural hazardresistant provisions are safer and stronger against natural hazards. Building codes minimize the damage caused by hazards which results in fewer deaths, injuries and damage to the jurisdiction.
Gavel by Sora Shimazaki
18 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Statewide Building Code Adoption
Checklist
As noted in the ”Code Adoption Checklists” page, each state has its own set of rules that determine how adopted building codes are followed within the state. There are two general processes a state follows when adopting a building code. Those are called legislative action and regulatory action.
Recommended Legislative Action Checklist
Legislative action is a process followed by states, tribes and territories when adopting a code.
Legislative Action Adoption Checklist Checkbox
1. A representative should present a bill for a new building code to be adopted in their state.
2. The appropriate state legislature committee(s) should review the bill and determine if any adjustments need to be made.
Although this might vary according to your jurisdiction’s processes, the Bill will be reviewed at a committee or subcommittee level, released from one or both committees and then get voted on by the house or senate and then cross over into the other chamber for their review, potential modification and vote.
3. Public hearings are conducted to allow for additional comments and feedback.
4. Revisions are made based on comments received.
5. The bill is voted on. Modifications should not weaken natural hazard-resistant provisions.
During this step, the opinions of many other stakeholders, including non-technical stakeholders, are considered. It is also determined whether modifications need to be made to the code.
6. If the bill is voted for, the code is adopted statewide.
A state department is designated as having responsibility for implementation, but roles for local governments may also be included.
Note: Codes are not always voted on and some states may require a final level of approval either by the Governor, their designee or the Legislature.
When states, tribes and territories adopt current building codes without weakening the natural hazard-resistant provisions in them, buildings are better able to withstand the harsh impacts of natural hazards. Strong buildings keep state residents safer as well as reduce financial losses from any damage incurred.
19 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Recommended Regulatory Action Checklist
When codes are adopted through regulatory action, the state usually asks a group of stakeholders or interested parties to be in charge of carrying out the adoption process. The process is set up through a prior legislative action providing direction to the responsible agency, potentially including a timeline for updates.
Regulatory Action Adoption Checklist Checkbox
1. The representatives should release a notice to stakeholders that describes the code and the intent to update the code.
The notice must state the following:
The purpose of adopting a building code
The name of the building code that will be adopted
Stakeholders who support the adoption of this code
2. Once the notice has been released, the public may provide feedback or propose amendments.
3. The representatives and other stakeholders involved should review all comments received and decide if they should be rejected or incorporated into the code.
4. The code is formally voted on by those that the state requires to be involved in this process.
5. If the bill passes, the code can be implemented.
Note: Some states may require a final level of approval either by the Governor, their designee or the Legislature.
Blueprint by Daniel McCullough
20 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Code Enforcement Process
How Building Code Enforcement Works
After a community adopts codes, it is the AHJ’s
responsibility to ensure that the construction of new
buildings and the repair, alteration and addition of
existing buildings is carried out in compliance with the adopted codes. Professionals such as building officials and building inspectors help communities safeguard
the well-being of their citizens through proper code
enforcement.
Who Enforces Building Codes?
The following position types enforce the adopted
building code ordinance at the direction of their AHJ:
Building Code Official: An officer or other designated
authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the code, or a duly authorized representative such as a building, zoning, planning, fire or floodplain management official.
Building Plans Examiner: A Building Plans Examiner is part of the building code professional team responsible for reviewing submitted plans to determine if they meet the requirements of the comprehensive building code package that their jurisdiction has adopted. They issue the Permit for Construction.
Building Inspector: A building inspector is part of the building code professional team who reviews plans and visits construction sites to ensure the project is being constructed in accordance with approved set of plans. They issue the final Certificate of Occupancy.
Where and How We Build:
Watch FEMA’s webinar on how land
use and building codes interact to
increase resiliency.
Enforcement through Permitting
1. A developer, designer, owner or contractor submits an application for a permit to construct, repair or remodel a building or change a building’s use.
2. Building code officials/inspectors or their designees will process the application and review the plans prior to
issuing any permits. Note: several revisions to the plan may be required before a permit is processed and issued.
3. A permit is issued per the community’s adopted codes and based on the approved set of plans.
Note: A community may have additional requirements in
approving a permit, including planning and zoning.
Stay Connected!
Sign up for notifications on new
and upcoming enforcementrelated resources from FEMA!
21 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
4. At set milestones during construction, the Building Code Official conducts inspections to ensure compliance with the adopted building in accordance with approved sets of plans.
5. A Certificate of Occupancy is issued when the Building Code Official is satisfied all requirements have been met and occupants can move into the building.
6. The International Property Maintenance Code or an equivalent may prompt future safety inspections.
Throughout this process, Building Code Officials are responsible for:
a. Keeping official records such as permit applications, approved sets of plans, permits, fees, inspections, notices and issued orders.
b. Interpreting the codes’ application.
c. Requiring corrections to bring the building into compliance with the code if issues are identified.
d. Other duties identified in the community’s adopted codes.
For more information, visit ICC’s Bring on Building Safety: Code Enforcement Explained.
Post-Disaster Assistance for Building Code Administration and Enforcement The FEMA Public Assistance Program can reimburse eligible building code administration and enforcement activities that occur up to 180 days after a major disaster declaration.
For more information, visit:
FEMA Policy FP 204-079-01
Applying for Building Code Administration and Enforcement Reimbursement through FEMA’s Public Assistance Program Flyer
DRRA 1206 Frequently Asked Questions Vol 1
DRRA 1206 Frequently Asked Questions Vol 2
Building Engineers by Scott Blake
22 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Resources
Benefits of Building Codes
FEMA Grant Information
FEMA Building Science
FEMA Grants
This page provides information on the types of available grants and how eligible applicants can obtain them.
FEMA Building Codes Strategy
This page contains information on FEMA’s strategy to organize and prioritize activities to advance the adoption and enforcement of hazard-resistant building codes and standards for FEMA programs.
Building Science Resource Library
This page contains all of FEMA’s natural hazard-specific guidance that focuses on creating natural hazard-resistant communities.
Building Code Documents
This page contains building code documents, which provide guidance on the natural hazardresistant provisions in the building codes for property owners, engineers, design professionals, building code officials and the general public.
Seismic Building Codes
This page includes nuanced information on seismic building codes as well as relevant resources.
Building Science Training
This page lists a variety of training courses designed to help users obtain the knowledge, tools, and support they need to plan and implement mitigation strategies that involve building science.
Building Codes Save
This publication provides readers with information on the financial losses avoided through the adoption of natural hazard-resistant building codes.
Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Report
This report provides an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation efforts such as building code adoption and retrofitting.
Resilient Building Codes Toolkit
This publication’s intent is to bring transparency and clarity to building codes, especially with respect to resilience.
23 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
Acknowledgments
FEMA would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following persons to the Building Codes Adoption Playbook:
Project Management
Juan Nieves, Project Officer, FEMA
Christina Aronson, PE, SE, mASCE, FEMA
Shane Crawford, PhD, FEMA
Larissa L. Santoro, LEED AP, FEMA
Gregory Wilson, CFM, FEMA
Authors
Annie Laukaitis, Gemini Tech Services, LLC.
Madeleine Stallworth, Gemini Tech Services, LLC.
Darieus Zagara II, Creative Engagement Solutions, LLC.
Design
Steph Brendel, Gemini Tech Services, LLC.
Christina Zagara, Creative Engagement Solutions, LLC.
Review Panel
Charles Baker, FEMA
Dan Bass, RA, CFM, FEMA
Bill Blanton, CFM, FEMA
Michelle Buckley, FEMA
Rafael Canizares, FEMA
Jonathan Chipperfield, PhD, PE, FEMA
Zach Corcoran, J.D., Stantec Inc.
Alexis Eshleman, FEMA
Julie Furr, PE, SECB, Rimkus Consulting Group, Inc.
Andrew Herseth, PE, SE, FEMA
John Ingargiola, CBO, CFM, FEMA
Ed Laatsch, PE, FEMA
Sharon Magorien, FEMA
Mike Mahoney, FEMA
Brian Metzger, USFA
Maher Mirza, FEMA
Stephen Mitchell, CBO, CFM, S. Mitchell & Associates Consulting David Ratté, PE, FEMA
Jeffrey Ryan, FEMA
Pataya Scott, PhD, EIT, FEMA
Dale K. Thomure, Verisk
Mai Tong, PhD, FEMA
Jonathan Westcott, PE, FEMA
Mariam Yousuf, EIT, CFM, FEMA
And the International Code Council
24 BUILDING CODES ADOPTION PLAYBOOK
ICC CODE
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
HOW IT WORKS
The International Code Council develops the International Codes, a coordinated, modern set of building codes used in all 50 U.S. states and many other countries. Changes to the I-Codes are made through a transparent and inclusive consensus-based process that complies with the OMB Circular A-119.
CODE CHANGE SUBMISSION AND REVIEW
Anyone can submit code change proposals via ICC’s cloud-based program, cdpACCESS™.
ICC staff reviews each proposal and assigns them to the applicable Code Development Committee.
COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS #1
There are two Committee Action Hearings. At the first CAH, code development committees approve, approve with modifications or disapprove each code change proposal.
Participants can testify before the committee in support or in opposition of the proposed code change.
CODE DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES
Anyone can apply to serve on one of the committees that preside over the Committee Action Hearings (CAH).
The Codes and Standards Council makes recommendations based on these applications to the ICC Board, which appoints members to the committees.
Members of each committee fall into one of three interest categories:
General (Gov’t): government regulatory agencies.
User: building owners, designers, insurance companies, private inspection agencies, academics.
Producer: builders, contractors, manufacturers, distributors.
CAH#1 COMMENT SUBMISSION AND REVIEW
The results of CAH#1 are made available to the public for review and commenting.
Anyone can submit public comments via cdpACCESS™ on the results of the CAH.
PUBLIC COMMENT HEARING
At the PCH, participants discuss, and eligible voters vote on proposed changes for Group A and B codes. Eligible voters include regulators serving in a governmental unit, department or agency engaged in the administration, formulation, implementation or enforcement of laws, ordinances, rules or regulations relating to the public health, safety and welfare and honorary members.
The Code Council also develops a number of standards, including mechanical, plumbing, structural, resilience, accessibility and green standards, and is accredited by the American National Standards Institute as a standards developer.
COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS #2:
The second CAH provides an additional opportunity for participants in the process to submit revisions to the original proposals, and for the committee to consider comments submitted online. At the second CAH, code development committees approve, approve with modifications or disapprove each code change proposal.
Participants can testify before the committee in support or in opposition of the proposed code change.
CAH #1
CAH #2
PCH
STAGE ONE STAGE TWO STAGE THREE
23-22312
ONLINE GOVERNMENTAL CONSENSUS VOTE
Following the PCH, eligible voters vote online on the individual changes discussed at the public comment hearing. The final vote count combines the in-person PCH and online votes. The Validation Committee reviews and the ICC Board confirms the final results.
NEW EDITION PUBLISHED
An updated edition of the International Codes is published every three years.
PUBLIC COMMENT SUBMISSION AND REVIEW
The results of CAH#2 are made available to the public for review and public commenting through cdpAccess™.
ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
BY THE NUMBERS
The Code Council also develops a number of codes and standards, including mechanical, plumbing, structural, resilience, accessibility and green standards, and is accredited by the American National Standards Institute as a standards developer. 19-18259
Number of Government Agency Members: 8,574
Number of Private Sector Members: 55,549
Total # of governmental member voting representatives*: 15,362
VOTING REPRESENTATIVES
*Numbers based off 2019 Code Cycle
1,341
CODE CHANGES
2,261
VOTERS
367,345
VOTES CAST
International
88 63
243
318
1,340
587
187
74 46
523
340
85 179
123
645 162
182 127
168
640
282
90 541
315
69 389
97 342
45 89
114
1,388
82 102
582
488
127
345
563
82 264
54 364
712
227
686
507
22 170
49 52
2 2021/2022 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
(Posted March 17, 2020)
(Updated December 1, 2020 - red)
(Updated January 20, 2021- strikeout/underline)
(Updated May 24, 2021 – see Notes 1 & 2)
(Updated November 8, 2021 – updated Note 2)
STEP IN CODE DEVELOPMENT
CYCLE
DATE
2021 – Group A Codes
IBC- E, IBC - FS, IBC -G, IFC, IFGC,
IMC, IPC, IPMC, IPSDC, IRC – M,
IRC- P, ISPSC, IWUIC, IZC
2022 – Group B Codes
Admin, IBC-S, IEBC, IgCC (Ch. 1),
IRC – B
(see note 2)
2021 EDITION OF I-CODES
PUBLISHED
IMC and IPC are published. Remaining I-Codes in the Fall/2020 (See Group B Codes on page xi for the 2021 IgCC)
DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF
APPLICATIONS FOR ALL CODE
COMMITTEES
June 1, 2020 for the 2021/2022 Cycle.
Call for Committee posted in March/2020.
DEADLINE FOR cdpACCESS
ONLINE RECEIPT OF CODE
CHANGE PROPOSALS
January 11, 2021 January 10, 2022
WEB POSTING OF “PROPOSED
CHANGES TO THE I-CODES”
March 1, 2021* February 23, 2022*
COMMITTEE ACTION HEARING
(CAH)
2021 CAH to be held virtually during
the period of April 11 – May 5, 2021
See general notes
March 27 – April 6, 2022
Rochester Riverside Convention Center
Rochester, NY
ONLINE CAH ASSEMBLY FLOOR
MOTION VOTE
Assembly consideration removed from
process. See CP 28 dated 12/3/20;
Section 5.7 (see notes)
Assembly consideration removed from
process. See CP 28 dated 12/3/20;
Section 5.7 (see notes)
WEB POSTING OF “REPORT OF
THE COMMITTEE ACTION
HEARING”
May 24, 2021 May 9, 2022
DEADLINE FOR cdpACCESS
ONLINE RECEIPT
OF PUBLIC COMMENTS
July 2, 2021 June 20, 2022
WEB POSTING OF “PUBLIC
COMMENT AGENDA”
August 13, 2021* August 4, 2022*
STEP IN CODE DEVELOPMENT
CYCLE
DATE
2021 – Group A Codes
IBC- E, IBC - FS, IBC -G, IFC, IFGC,
IMC, IPC, IPMC, IPSDC, IRC – M,
IRC- P, ISPSC, IWUIC, IZC
2022 – Group B Codes
Admin, IBC-S, IEBC, IgCC (Ch. 1),
IRC – B
(see note 2)
PUBLIC COMMENT HEARING (PCH)
ANNUAL CONFERENCE DATES
NOTED BY AC
September 21 –28, 2021
David L Lawrence Convention Center
Pittsburgh, PA
AC: September 19 – 22
(see note 1)
September 14 - 21, 2022
Kentucky International Convention
Center
Louisville, KY
AC: September 11 - 14
ONLINE GOVERNMENTAL
CONSENUS VOTE (OGCV)
Starts approx. two weeks after last day
of the PCH. Open for 2 weeks.
Starts approx. two weeks after last day
of the PCH. Open for 2 weeks.
WEB POSTING OF FINAL ACTION Following Validation Committee certification of OGCV and ICC Board
confirmation.
Following Validation Committee
certification of OGCV and ICC Board
confirmation.
* Web posting of the “Proposed Changes to the I-Codes” and “Public Comment Agenda” will be posted no later than scheduled. ICC will make every effort to post these documents earlier, subject to code change/public comment volume and processing time.
2021/2022 Cycle notes referenced from the table:
Note 1: PCH dates revised from the original schedule dates of September 22 – 29 to September 21 – 28 Note 2: The 2022 Group B codes noted in the table reflect the Code Council Board of Directors decision to update the energy provisions of the 2021 International Energy Conservation Code and Chapter 11 of the International Residential Code by utilizing ICC’s Consensus Procedures for developing and updating standards. Both codes will be published with the remaining I-Codes in the fall of 2023.
Note 2 update 11/8/21: The 2022 Group B Committee Action Hearing will be held in-person in Rochester, NY during the period of March 27 – April 6, 2022 as originally scheduled. The hearings will be held in a single track with the schedule of code order to be determined.
SEE NEXT PAGE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE 2021 GROUP A & 2022 GROUP B
CODES/CODE COMMITTEES AS WELL AS OTHER CODE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS NOTES.
2021 Group A Codes/Code committees:
• IBC-E: IBC Egress provisions. Chapters 10 and 11.
• IBC-FS: IBC Fire Safety provisions. Chapters 7, 8, 9 (partial), 14 and 26. Majority of IBC Chapter 9 is maintained by the IFC. See notes.
• IBC-G: IBC General provisions. Chapters 3 – 6, 12, 13, 27 – 33. • IFC: The majority of IFC Chapter 10 is maintained by IBC-E. See notes. • IFGC
• IMC
• IPC
• IPMC: Code changes heard by the IPM/ZC (combined IPMC & IZC code committee) • IPSDC (code changes heard by the IPC code committee)
• IRC-M: IRC Mechanical provisions. Chapters 12 – 23 (code changes heard by the IRC - MP code committee)
• IRC-P: IRC Plumbing provisions. Chapters 25 – 33 (code changes heard by the IRC - MP code committee)
• ISPSC
• IWUIC (code changes heard by the IFC code committee)
• IZC: Code changes heard by the IPM/ZC (combined IPMC & IZC code committee) 2022 Group B Codes/Code committees:
• Admin: Chapter 1 of all the I-Codes except the IECC, IgCC and IRC. Also includes the update of currently referenced standards in all of the 2021 Codes, except the IgCC. • IBC-S: IBC Structural provisions. IBC Chapters 15 – 25 and IEBC structural provisions. See notes.
• IEBC: IEBC Non-structural provisions. See notes.
• IgCC: Chapter 1 of the IgCC. Remainder of the code is based on the provisions of ASHRAE Standard 189.1 Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. The 2021 IgCC is scheduled to be published in the Spring/2021. • IRC-B: IRC Building provisions. Chapters 1 – 10.
Process Notes:
• 2021 Virtual CAH: The 2021 CAH, originally scheduled for April 11 – 21, 2021 in Rochester, NY has been rescheduled to be held virtually. The hearings will be held in two consecutive tracks, with a break in between. The tentative schedule is as follows:
o Track 1: April 11 – 21, 2021: IBC – E; IBC – FS; IBC – G; IPMC/IZC; ISPSC o No Hearings: April 22 – 24
o Track 2: April 25 – May 5, 2021: IFC/IWUIC; IFGC; IMC; IPC/IPSDC; IRC – M; IRC - P Definitive tracks, codes, order of codes and track end date(s) may change based on code change volume and the creation of the hearing schedule. This document as well as all other updates are posted on a dedicated webpage to keep participants apprised of the virtual CAH progress/logistics. The webpage is also linked from the top of the 2021/2022 Cycle webpage.
Be sure to consult updated Council Policy 28 (12/3/20) for procedural revisions applicable to the 2021 Virtual CAH (noted in CP 28 section titles as “2021 virtual CAH only”). • Be sure to review the document entitled “2021/2022 Code Committee Responsibilities” which will be posted. This identifies responsibilities which are different than Group A and B codes and committees which may impact the applicable code change cycle and resulting code change deadline. As an example, throughout Chapter 9 of the IBC (IBC- Fire Safety), there are numerous sections which include the designation “[F]” which indicates that the provisions of the section are maintained by the IFC code committee. Similarly, there are numerous sections in the IEBC which include the designation “[BS]”. These are structural provisions which will be heard by the IBC – Structural committee. The designations in the code are identified in the Code Committee Responsibilities document.
• I-Code Chapter 1: Proposed changes to the provisions in Chapter 1 of the majority of the I-Codes are heard in Group B (see Admin above for exceptions). Be sure to review the brackets ([ ]) of the applicable code.
• Definitions. Be sure to review the brackets ([ ]) in Chapter 2 of the applicable code and the Code Committee Responsibilities document to determine which code committee will consider proposed changes to the definitions.
Proposed changes to the ICC Performance Code will be heard by the code committee noted in brackets ([ ]) in the section of the code and in the Code Committee Responsibilities document.
2OZS Title 24, Port 6 Foct Sheet
Ace- Resources'*
Whot's New in 2O2S?
-ll
i-lr n
Using this Fact Sheet
Use this fact sheet to get a detailed overview of how California's BuildingEnergy Efficiency Standards (Energy Code or Title 24, Part 6) have changedin2025 for nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings. For more information about the Energy Code changes, refer to the Nonresidential Buildings:
What's Changed in 2025 Fact Sheet.
Highlights and details about the code changes for other building types are given in the following fact sheets:
t Single-family Buildings:What's New in 2025?
t Single-family Buildings:What's Changed in 2025?
* Multifamily Buildings:What's New in 2025?* Multifamily Buildings:What's Changed in 2025? Table of Contents
Rr rildino Orrr rn:nrie< (r rhiert tn the Fnerorr Cndp' Nonresidential and Hotel/Motel
Why Did the Energy Code Change?.
Evolvine Enersv Code Comoliance Metrics
Key Terms..
.3.5
67 .8
.8
.-15.15.31
.33.33
.36
35 40
4946
Envelooe Hiehlishts
New Construction
Mechanical System Highlights.
New Construction
Alterations
Covered Process Highlights.
New Construction
Lighting System Highlights...
New Construction.
Battery Energy Storage System and Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Highlights.
New Construction
For More lnformation
t: TN
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
tttiIt
lltt
ttat I :::llll IT
alatattrttarttt Itt
ltatat
tllrlllll
llt
{:
f
QnergyndeAce-
What's lncluded:
The 2025 Energy Code updated the 2022 Energy Code.The 2025 Energy Code has an effective date ofJanuary 1,2026. Any projects that apply for a permit on or after this date will be subject to the 2025 Energy Code. lnformation and documents related to the 2025 Energy Code are available on the California Energv Commission (CEC) website, This fact sheet highlights key changes to the Energy Code that apply to nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings. see Building occupancies Subject to the Energy Code below for a comprehensive list of nonresidential and hotel/motel California Building Code (CBC) occupancy classes matched toEnergy Code building type examples and their definitions. Note that, for the first time, CBC occupancy class "L - Laboratory" for laboratory buildings must meet 2025 Energy Code requirements. The 2025 Energy Code also defines several new nonresidential building types in occupancy classes 'A - Assembly" and "S - Storage."
2025 Title 24, Part6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QEnersyhdeA Page 2 of 47 ce Buildins Occupancies Subiect to the Enersv Code: Nonresidential and Hotel/Motel rlll T,
The following nonresidential and hotel/motel building types, andtheir Occupancy classes per the California Building Code, are subject to the Energy Code.
Nonresidential Groups
Occupancy Class: A - AssemblY
Assembly Building is a building with meeting halls in which people gatherfor civic, social, or recreational activities. These include civic centers, convention centers, and auditoriums.
New!: Events and Exhibits Building is a Museum Building, Motion Pictureor Performance Arts Theater Building, or other building that is comprisedof Auditorium Area, Convention, Conference. Multipurpose and Meeting Area, or Civic Meeting Place Area.
Gymnasium Building is a building with building floor area used for physical exercises and recreational sport events and activities.
Library Building is a building with building floor area used for repositoryof literary materials, and for reading references such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, and prints.Motion Picture Theater Building is a building used for showing motion pictures to audiences.
Museum Building is a building with building floor areas in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interests are curated, treated, preserved, exhibited, and stored.
Performance Arts Theater Building is a building with building floor areasused for showing performing arts that include plays, music, or dance to audiences.
New!: Religious Worship Building is a building that is comprised ofReligious Worship Area.
Restaurant Building is a building with building floor areas in which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in return for money.Sports Arena Building is a building with building floor areas used for public viewing of sporting events and activities.
New!: Sports and Recreation Building a building that is comprised of Exercise/Fitness Center and Gymnasium Area, or other area where recreational sports are practiced.Occupancy Class: B - Business Financial lnstitution Building is a building with floor areas used by an institution which collects funds from the public and places them in financial assets, such as deposits, loans, and bonds.
Office Building is a building of CBC Group B Occupancy with building floorareas in which business, clerical, or professional activities are conducted.
Occupancy Class: E - EducationGymnasium Building (on a school compus) is a building with building floor areas used for physical exercises and recreational sport events and activities.
Library Building (on a school campus) is a building with building floor areaused for repository of literary materials, and for reading reference such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, and prints. -2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page3 of 47 QnergyCodeArcll
Performance Arts Theater Building (on a school compus) is a building with building floor areas used for showing performing arts that include plays, music, or dance to audiences.
School Building is a building used by an educational institution. The building floor area can include classrooms or educational laboratories. and may include an auditorium, gymnasium, kitchen, library, multipurpose room, cafeteria, student union, or workroom. A maintenance or storagebuilding is not a school building.
New!: Sports and Recreation Building(on o school compus) is a building that is comprised of Exercise/Fitness Center and Gymnasium Area, or other area where recreational sports are practiced.Occupancy Class: F - Factory
lndustrial/Manufacturing Facility Building is a building with building floor areas used for performing a craft, assembly, or manufacturing operation.Occupancy Class: 12 - lnstitutionalHealthcare Facility is a health facility as defined in the California Health and Safety Code Division 2, Chapter 2,51250 or clinic as defined in the California Health and Safety Code Division 2, Chapter 1,51204 that islocated within a health facility.
Occupancy Class: L - Laboratory
New!: Laboratory Building is a building including Group L occupancy space within a building or structure, which may include multiplelaboratories, offices, storage, equipment rooms, or similar support functions. Laboratories include spaces or rooms where hazardous materials are used for activities such as testing, analysis, instruction,research, or developmental activities.
Occupancy Class: M - Mercantile
Grocery store Building is a building with building floor areas used for thedisplay and sale of food.
Restaurant Building is a building with building floor areas in which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in return for money.
Retail store Building is a building with building floor areas used for the display and sale of merchandise except food.Occupancy Class: R1, R2, R3Hoteland Motel Buildings: lnclude six or more guest rooms for primarily transient occupants.
Occupancy Class: S
- Storage
Commercial and lndustrial Storage Building is a building with building floor areas used for storing items.
New!: warehouse Building is a building that is constructed for storage or handling of products.Occupancy Class: U - MiscellaneousParking Garage Building is a building with building floor areas used for parking vehicles and consists of at least a roof over the parking area enclosed with walls on all sides. The building includes areas for vehiclemaneuvering to reach designated parking spaces. lf the roof of a parking structure is also used for parking, the section without an overhead roof isconsidered an outdoor parking lot instead of a parking garage.
Note: See the "Trigger Tables" in our fact sheets for specific scopes of work that trigger the Energy Code, and review the Triggering Energy CodeRequirements fact sheets for more information on building occupancies.New! = New CBC occupancy class L - Laboratory and new Energy Code building type definitions for the 2025 Energy Code ,-u .n .n
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QtnergyCodeAce' PaEe 4 of 47
W Did the Ene Code Cha e?
The 2025 Energy Code is an important part of California's work to reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change. The Energy Code is updated every three years with the mandate to increase building energy efficiency while staying cost-effective for building owners over the lifespan of a building.
Expected Benefits of the 2025 Enerry Code Across All Building Types:
f Save $4.8 billion in energy costs* Drive 500,000 heat pump installations in the first three years * Save enough water to fill 100 Olympic-sized swimming pools annually * Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by four million metric tons I 2
Decarbonizotion Gools
California aims to reduce its GHG emissions while creating an energysystem that is resilient to climate risks, spurring innovation and a low-carbon transition both nationally and internationally. Per the CEC Energy Assessment, California has some of the most ambitious climate and energy goals in the world.GHG Emission Reduction Gools
1. Assemblv Bill32: 1990levels bv 2020
2. Senate Bill 32: 40016 below 1990 levels by 2030
3. Executive Order 5-3-05: 8070 below 1990 levels by 2050 This can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as incremental steps toward "carbon neutral" buildings, and timely balancing of onsiteenergy production and consumption in support of a healthy, stable grid.
The Energy Code supports reaching these goals.
Learn more from the -2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
Evolvin Ene Code Com liance Metrics
The 2025 Energy Code updates the energy
compliance metrics that are the basis of thePerformance Approach from those used in the 2022 Energy Code (see Table 1). ln the 2A22
Energy Code, nonresidential and hotel/motelNew Construction had to show compliance with Source Energy (Source) and with Time
Dependent Valuation energy budgets for energy
efficiency (TDVe) and for a total (TDVI) thatcombined energy efficiency with photovoltaics (PV or solar electricity) and flexibility measures.
Additions and Alterations were also required to
meet TDV energy budgets.
The terminology and units in the 2025 Energy
Code have changed to Source Energy (Source)
and to Long-term System Cost for energyefficiency (LSCe) and for a total (LSCI) thatincludes energy efficiency measures plus PV and flexibility measures. ln the 2025 Energy Code,
Additions and Alterations show compliance
using LSCe alone. See Table 2 and the definitions
ofSource Energy and Long-term System Costsunder Key Terms for more details.
This change to assessing nonresidential and
hotel/motel buildings using LSC is intended
to give an idea of how the energy and carbon
efficiency of current building construction will
impact California's energy systems over the
next 30 years. Note that LSC does not predictindividual utility bills.
Table 1: Evolving Energy Code Compliance Metrics for Nonresidential and Hotel/Motel Construction
2022:Source = Total Annual Source Energy; TDV = Time Dependent Valuation; TDVe = Efficiency TDV; TDVI = Total TDV2025: Source = Total Annual Source Energy; LSC = Long-term System Cost; LSCe = Efficiency LSC; LSCI = Total LSC Table 2: Source Energy and Long-term System Cost as Compliance Metrics PV = Solar photovoltaics, HVAC = Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, DHW = Domestic hot waterlmportant Note: For New Construction, a building complies with the Performance Approach ONLY if all three compliance scores are met, which means that each Proposed Design score is lower than orequal to the Standard Design score. rlll I ll n.
2025 Title 24, Patt 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
TDV
LSCe
TDV
LSCe
Source, TDVe, TDVI
Source, LSCe, LSCt
2022
2025
Energy Code New Construction Additions Alterations
A score representing the building
long-term system costs for
energy efficiency while also
factoring in PV and flexibility.
Total LSC includes:
* Efficiency measures (see LSCe)
+PV+ Batteries
A score representing the building
energy efficiency expressed as
long-term system costs.
Efficiency LSC includes:+ Envelope* lndoor fans
+ HVAC
+ DHW* lndoor lighting* Covered process loads
A score representing the building
long run source energy use
due to fossil fuel combustionexpressed as an hourly sourcecarbon metric.
Source Energy includes;
* Envelope
* lndoor fans
+ HVAC
+ DHW
f lndoor lighting+PV+ Batteries
* Covered process loads
Source Energy (Source) Efficiency Long-Term System Costs (LSCe) Total Long-term system costs (L5ct) Qne,syhdeAce'
1-lt
Key TermsMandatory Requirements: The Energy Code includes Mandatory requirements for nonresidential and hotel/motel building features and systems that must be met regardless of the overall compliance approach(55100.0 through 110J2 and 120.0 through 130.5).
Prescriptive Approach: The Prescriptive Approach - a set of prescribedperformance levels for various building components, where eachcomponent must meet or exceed specific requirements - is considered the most direct path to Energy Code compliance. There are different nonresidential and hotel/motel Prescriptive requirements for differentClimate Zones (CZs)and for New Construction (55140.2 through 140.10) or Additions (5141.0(a)1) versus Alterations (9141.0(b)2), The Performance Approach allows for more flexibility than the Prescriptive requirements.
Performance Approach: The Performance Approach (S140.1 for New Construction, 5141.0(a)2forAdditions, and 5141.0(b)3forAlterations) builds on the Prescriptive Approach by allowing energy allotments to be traded between building systems for nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings.
There can be proposed energy use trade-offs between features of the building envelope, indoor lighting, domestic water-heating, space-heating,and space-cooling equipment. A building complies with the Performance Approach if the energy consumption calculated for the Proposed Design building is less than or equal to the energy budget calculated for the Standard Design building using energy analysis software that has beenapproved by the CEC. n
Performance Approach Terms
+ Long-term System Cost (LSC): CEC-projected presentvalue of costs to California's energy systems over a period of 30 years in units of dollars per square foot of conditioned floor area ($/ftl.Note that even though the units are in $/ftz, LSC does notpredict individual utility bills. Using the LSC metric ensures that all modeled building features are specified on a one-forone equivalent energy use or equivalent energy cost basis.
LSC consists of large data sets that convert electricity, gas, andpropane to LSC energy. The rate of conversion varies for each hourof the year, Climate Zone, energy type (electricity, natural gas, and propane), and building type (residential and nonresidential) + Source Energy (Source): The long run marginal source energy of fossil fuels that are combusted as a result of building energyconsumed either directly at the building site or to meet the electrical demand of the building. The source energy metricconsiders the long-term marginal hourly resources ofCEC-projected electric system resource procurement. For a given hour, the value in that hour for each forecasted year is averaged to get a lifetime average source energy measured in kBtu/ft2-yr. + Time Dependent Valuation (TDV): "TDV Energy" is the time varying energy used by the building to provide space conditioning, water heating, and specified building lighting. lt accounts for the energy used at the building site and consumed in producing and delivering energy to a site, including, but not limited to, power generation, transmission, and distribution losses.
Photovoltaics (PV): A system that generates electricity from solar energy.U-factor: The U-factor is the overall coefficient of thermal transmittance of a fenestration, wall, floot or roof and ceiling component, in Btu/(hr x ft2 x oF), including air film resistance at both surfaces.
re
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New PageT of 47 QnergyndeAce'
Envelope Highlights
New Construction
Mandatory Maximum Fenestration U-factor
> Mandatory
Prescriptive Wall U-factors
r Prescriptive $
@
> Section 120.7(dl €
There is a new Mandatory maximum area-weighted average U-factor of
0.47 or less for vertical fenestration products which separate conditionedspace from unconditioned space or outdoor air. Note that none of the default fenestration U-factors from Table 110.6-A meet this new requirement.
This Mandatory maximum U-factor is not required for fenestration installed to meet PartT of the California Building Code in buildings located in Fire Hazard Severity Zones or Wildland-Urban lnterface (WUl) Fire Areas Prescriptive Roof and Ceiling U-factors
> Section 140.3(a)2, Table 140.3-8
The 2025 Energy Code requires more stringent Prescriptive maximum overallwall assembly U-factors as compared to the 2022 Energy code. These new U-factors apply to the following types of walls that separate conditioned space from either enclosed unconditioned space or outdoor air:
* Metal building walls in all CZs
+ Light mass walls in all CZs
+ Heavy mass walls in CZs 1 and 11 through l6* Wood-framed and other walls in all CZs The new Prescriptive maximum wall U-factors vary by CZ and by construction type. See Table 3 in this fact sheet for the new reduced maximum U-factors from Table 140.3-8.Note that the Prescriptive maximum assembly U-factors have not changed for metal-framed walls in any CZs or for heavy mass walls in CZs2through 10. r Prescriptiver Section 140.3(a)18, Table 140.3-8
The 2025 Energy Code tightens Prescriptive maximum roof and ceiling assembly U-factor requirements in all 16 California Climate Zones (CZs)as compared with the 2022 Energy Code. These changes apply to the following construction types:
+ Metalbuildings
* Wood-framed and other
The new Prescriptive maximum roof and ceiling assembly U-factors vary by CZ and by construction type. See Table 3 in this fact sheet for the newmaximum roof and ceiling U-factors from Table 140.3-8. rllt n t: n
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QnergyAdeAce Page 8 of 47 IJ r-lt T
Table 3: Nonresidential and Hotel/Motell Prescriptive Maximum Envelope Assembly U-factors by Construction Type and Climate Zone (Adapted from Table 140.3-8)
lThese building envelope requirements do not apply to guest rooms of hotel/motel buildings. 2As defined in Energy Code 5100.1, light mass walls are walls with a heat capacity of at least 7.0 Btu/ft2-"F and less than 15.0 Btu/ft2-'F. Heavy mass walls are wallswith a heat capacity of at least 15.0 Btu/ft'z-'F.
CZ = Climate Zone, NEWI = Updated for 2025 Energy Code
rn
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
0.053
NEW!
0.055
0.138
NEW!
0.153
NEW!0.053
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!
0.150NEW!
0.038
NEW!
0.038
NEWI0.028
NEW!
0.050
NEW!
0.055
0.138
NEW!
0.055
0.138
NEW!
0.160NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.055
0.138
NEW!
0.184NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!0.053
NEW!
0.0550.138
NEW!
0.211NEW!
0.055
0.138
NEW!
0.160
NEW!
o.o42
NEW!
0.038NEW!0.028
NEW!0.053
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.055
0.138
NEW!
0.65 0.053
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!
0.69 0.053
NEWI
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEWI0.053
NEW!
0.055
0.354
NEW!
0.055
0.354
NEW!
0.69 0.095
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.047
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.098
NEW!
0.060
0.364
NEW!
0.69 0.102
NEW!
0.038
NEW!o.o47
NEW!
0.69 0.102
NEW!
0.038
NEW!o.o47
NEW!0.098
NEW!
0.060
0.364
NEW!
0.055
0.364
NEWI
0.65 0.095
NEW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!0.053
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.055
0.195
NEW!
0.65 0.053
NEW!
0.038
NEW!
0.028
NEW!
0.102
NEW!
0.038
NEW!
0.028
NEW!0.098
NEW!
0.071
o.227
NEW!
0.55 0.138
NEW!
0.65 0.053
NTW!
0.038
NEW!0.028
NEW!
0.053
NEW!
0.055
o.170
NEW!
o.211NEW!
0.078
NEW!
0.038
NEW!
0.028
NEW!
0.098
NEW!0.060
Mass'2 Heavy Walls:Maximum U-factor
Wood-framed and Other Walls:
Maximum U-factor
Metal Building Roofs and Ceilings:Maximum U-factor
Wood-framed and
Other Roofs and Ceilings:
Maximum U-factorMetal Building walls:Maximum U-factor
Metal-framed Walls:Maximum U-factor
Mass.2 tight Walls:Maximum U-factor
Construction Type and Feature cz'l czz cz3 cz4 czs cz6 cz7 cz8 czg cz10 cz11 cz12 cz13 cz\4 cz15 czl6 QnergyndeAce.
l!
Prescriptive Envelope Requirements for Relocatable Public Schools > Prescriptive
€ r Section 140.3(a)8, Table 140.3-D
The 2025 Energy Code includes a redesigned and updated version ofTable 140.3-D, which provides the Prescriptive envelope requirementsfor relocatable public school buildings intended for use in any California Climate Zone (CZ) (see Table 4 in this fact sheet).
The 2025 Energy Code reduces maximum U-factors for all roof and wall assemblies to improve thermal performance. Additionally, it replaces thesingle maximum U-factor requirement for all floor and soffit types with separate maximum U-factor requirements for raised mass floors andsoffits versus all other floor types.
Table 4: Prescriptive Envelope Criteria for Relocatable Public School Buildings for Use in All Climate Zones: Opaque Envelope (Adapted from Table 140.3-D)
lMass walls with heat capacity greater than or equal to 7.0 Btu/ft2-'F Revised = Updated for 2025 Energy Code, NEW! = New for 2025 Energy Code ,-u 'I n
2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
0.038
Revised
0.028
Revised
0.63o.75
0.25 0.80
0.038
Revised
Maximum U-factor
Maximum U-factor
Aged Solar Reflectance
Thermal Emittance
Aged Solar Reflectance
Thermal Emittance
Maximum U-factor
Roofs and Ceilings - Metal BuildingsRoofs and Ceilings - Non-MetalBuildings Roofing Products - Low-Sloped
Roofing Products - Steep-Sloped
Walls -Wood frame buildings
Envelope Feature Criteria Value
0.055
Revised
0.053
Revised
0.138
Revised
0.038
Revised
0.058
Revised
0.039
NEW!
Maximum U-factor
Maximum U-factor
Maximum U-factorMaximum U-factor
Maximum U-factorMaximum U-factor
Walls - Metal frame buildingsWalls - Metal buildings
Walls - Mass/7.O< HCI
Walls - All Other Walls
Floors and Soffits - Raised MassFloors and Soffits - Other Envelope Feature Criteria Value
QtnergyCodeAce'' -t!
Prescriptive Envelope Requirements for Relocatable Public Schools (continued) r Prescriptive @
t-lt
> Section 140.3(a)8, Table 140.3-D
2025 Energy Code Table 140.3-D shows other changes to the Prescriptive requirements for fenestration in relocatable public schools for all CZs.
The 2025 Energy Code defines separate and stricter U-factor and relative solar heat gain coefficient (RSHGC) requirements for operable versus fixed windows compared to the 2022 Energy Code (see Table 5). Both fixed and operable windows also have new minimum visible transmittance (VT) requirementsfor 2025. Fixed windows require a minimum VT of 0.42, while operable windows require a minimum VT of 0.32. ln addition, the 2025 Energy Code requires a new minimum VT of 0.17 for site-built and factory-assembled glass doors.
2025 Energy Code Table 140.3-D Prescriptive skylight requirements for U-factor, RSHGC, and VT are now the same as those in Table 140.3-8 fornonresidential buildings, including relocatable public schools certified for use in a single CZ. Table 140.3-8 lists skylight U-factor, RSHGC, and VT requirements for four different skylight types. 2025 Table 140.3-D also adds a Prescriptive maximum five percent skylight-to-roof-area ratio (SRR) requirement for relocatable public schools in all CZs, aligning with therequirement for other nonresidential buildings. 2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
Table 5: Prescriptive Envelope Criteria for Relocatable Public School Buildings for Use in All Climate Zones:
Fenestration and Exterior Doors (Adapted from Table 140.3-D) Revised = Updated for 2025 Energy Code, NEW! = New f or 2025 Energy Code - n o.22
NEW!
0.32 NEW!
0.45 o.23
o.17
NEW!
0.34 Revised
o.22
Revised
o.42
NEW!
o.46
NEW!
Maximum U-factor
Maximum RSHGC
Minimum VT
Maximum U-factor
Maximum RSHGC
Minimum VT
Maximum U-factor
Maximum RSHGC
Minimum VT
Fenestration - Operable Windows
Fenestration - Glazed Doors
(Site-Built and Factory Assembled)
Fenestration . Fixed Windows
Envelope Feature Criteria Value
See Table
140.3-B
Revised
See Table
140.3-B
Revised
5o/o
Revised
0.50 0.70
See Table
140.3-B
Revised
Minimum VT
Maximum SRR
Maximum U-factor
Maximum U-factor
Maximum U-factor
Maximum RSHGC
Exterior Doors - Non-Swinging doors
Exterior Doors - Swinging doors
Fenestration - Skylights
Envelope Feature Criteria Value
QnergyCodeAcd'
li
Mandatory Requirements for Vestibules
) Mandatorv $
nti mr
r Section 12O.7(e)
The 2025 Energy Code requires that public entrances to new buildings of occupancy groups A, B, E, l, and M (see Building Occupancies Subject to the Energy Code on page 3) must include enclosed vestibules that act as buffer zones between the outdoors and interior spaces.
Vestibule requirements include (see Figure 1):
* Self-closing doors into and out of the vestibule
* A way to pass through the vestibule without opening both the entry and exit doors at the same time
* Revolving doors in the building entrance do not replace vestibules, vestibules must still be installed on any main entrance doors adjacent to the revolving doors
* lf a heating system is provided, heated vestibules and air curtains with integral heating must have controls that turn off the heating when the outdoor air temperature is over 45'F
* When vestibule heating and cooling systems are installed, they must be controlled by a thermostat in the vestibule that limits the heating temperature to 60"F or lower and limits coolingtemperature to 85'F or higher.
Vestibules are not required for the following:
1. Doors not intended for public use
2. Doors opening directly from a sleeping or dwelling unit3. Doors opening directly from a space with an area less than 3,000 fr
4. Revolving doors installed where a public entrance to a new building is required, although, as stated above, vestibules arerequired on any main entrance door adjacent to the revolving doors
5. Doors used primarily for vehicular movement or material handling, and adjacent personnel doors
6. Doors with an air curtain that meet the requirements of Exception 6 to S'120.7(e)
7. Public entrances to buildings in CZs 2 through 13 that have fewer than four stories above grade and less than 10,000 ftz of gross conditioned floor area
8. Buildings with building plans that were submitted to the local planning department beforeJanuary 1,2026, the effective date of the 2025 Energy Code, where complying with the vestibule requirements would trigger resubmittal for approval
ffifft
-!rr:l4jtF2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QtnergyCodeAce Page 12 of 47 mI
Excmple of a Vestibule with cn HVAC System
Heoting System Turns Off When
Outside Air Temperoture is Over 45"F
Thermostot Limits
Vestibule Temperoture
Seporote,
Self-closing Entry
ond Exit Doors
to s 60"F Heoting cnd
> 85'F cooling
Vestibule
-ll
tffi
Figure 1: Exomple of o Vestibule with on HVAC system
Itatd& ni:t':lt:rt:
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Qne,gyndeAce' Page 13 of 47
nt
Alterations
Alterations to Exterior Windows
r Mandatory $ r Section 141.0(bXE
There are two new Mandatory requirements for Alterations to exteriorfenestration in existing conditioned space, excluding repairs. Both of these new requirements apply to vertical fenestration, as follows:
1. Replacement fenestration: lf replacing more than 150 ft2 of verticalfenestration in the entire building, the replacementfenestration must have a maximum overall U-factor of 0.58 or less. Note that this is higher than the Prescriptive U-factors for fenestration in New Construction (see Energy Code Table 140,3-8) and also higher than the Mandatory maximum
U-factor of 0.47 from 5120.7(d).
2. Added fenestration: lf adding more than 50 ft2 of vertical fenestration to an existing building, the new fenestration must have a U-factor of 0.47 or less as required by 5120.7(d). 5120.7(d) does not apply if adding 50 ft2 or less of vertical fenestration to an existing building.
,-t! ru t ff
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page14of47
rIIII
IIII ItIlrrrltlltl -- It I t I
QnergyCodeAce
rr
Mechanical Svstem Hiqhlights
New Construction
Some 2O22Energy Code Minimum Efficiency Tables Moved from Title 24 to Title 20 > Mandatory $ ilii tPPlNiG $ftfl ot(Y [g,u[016 r Section 110.2,2022Tables 110.2-E, l,J, L, and M For 2025, some 2022 Energy Code tables moved from Title 24, Parl6,lo the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations. The relocated tables provide Mandatory minimum efficiency requirements for the equipment typeslisted below:
+ z}2zTable 110.2-E: Packaged TerminalAir Conditioners and Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps
+ 2O22Table 110.2-l:Warm-air Furnaces and Combination Warm-air Furnaces plus Air-conditioning Units, Warm-air Duct Furnaces, andUnit Heaters + z}zZTable 110.2-J: Gas- and Oil-fired Boilers
+ 2}zzTables 110.2-L and M: Floor-mounted and Ceiling-mounted Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Serving Computer Rooms 2025
Title 24, Port 6
c H@@**
.f,1: ffi
Title 20 - ilxMw. I.:.lt
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
n
QrnergyCodeAce"
New Efficiency Requirements in Tables 11O.2-H,1, and J
$ > Mandatory r Section 110.2, Tables 11O.2-H,1, andJ
The 2025 Energy Code changed minimum efficiency requirements for the mechanical equipment types in the following tables:
* Table 110.2-H: DX-DOAS Units, Single-package and Remote Condenser+ Table 110.21:. Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller Packages, Cooling Operation
* Table 110.2-): Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller Packages, Heat Pump, Heating Operation
ln some cases, the required efficiency metrics have also changed. Note that the table numbers differ from those in 2022 because some tables previously located in 5110.2 of Title 24, Pa(t 6 have been moved to Title 20 See the brief table excerpts below for tl"e information types, layout, and structure of the different tables. For the complete list of equipment types and their updated efficiency requirements, refer to the full tables in the2025 Energy Code. 2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
Table 6: Excerpt from Table 110.2-H: DX-DOAS Units, Single-package and Remote Condenser - Minimum Efficiency RequirementsISMRE = lntegrated Seasonal Moisture Removal Efficiency, a seasonal efficiency number that is a combined value based on the formula listed in AHRI Standard920 of the four dehumidification moisture removal efficiency (MRE) ratings required for DX-DOAS units, expressed in pounds of moisture per kWh Table 7: Excerpt from Table 11O.2-l; Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller Packages, Cooling Operation - Minimum Efficiency Requirements
;IEIJ ru.
Without energy recovery N/A 3.8ISMRE2 AHRI 920
Air Cooled
(dehumidification mode)
Equipment Type Energy Recovery 5ub-category or Minimum Efficiency Rati Condition Test Procedure AHRt 550/s90
> 9.2'15 FL
> 15.01 tPLV.lP
> 5.595 FL
> 13.02 tPLV.tP
Air Source < 150
Size Category
Refrigerating
Capacity, tonp
Cooling Operation Efficiency. Air Source
EER (FL/IPLV) Btu/W h, Liquid Source Power
lnput per Capacity (FLlIPLV), kW/tonn
Path A
Cooling Operation Efficiency, Air Source
EER (FL/IPLV) Btu/W h, Liquid Source Power
lnput per Capacity (FLlIPLV), kW/tonn
Path B
Equipment Type Test Procedure
QhergyndeAce'
New Efficiency Requirements in Tabres 110.2-H,r, and ! @ontinued) 1$ > It/landatory --t > Section 110.2, Tables 110.2_H,t, andJ The following table excerpt covers the Air Source equipment type.
Table 8: Excerpt fro
- Minimum Efficien ilffJ:*:*i"at Pump and Heat Recoverv chitter packages, Heat pump, Heating operation OAT = Outside Air Temper
divided by electrical powe
ature, WW = Watt/Watt, for coefficient of performance for heati r input in watts ng (COPs) this refers to heat pump heating output capacity in watts j-h n
ll rm
2025 Title 24, part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
N/A AHRI
550/590
> 2.3'l > 2.77 > 3.29
47 db
43 wb
< 150
Heating Source
Conditions
(leaving liquid)
or OAT (db/wb),
oF
Heat Pump Heating FullLoad Heating Efficiency
(COPn). W/W, Entering/Leaving Heating Liquid Temperature, Low.
95. F/1 05" F
Heat Pump Heating Full
Load Heating Efficiency
(COPH). WW, Entering/
Leaving Heating Liquid Temperature, Medium,
1 05" F/1 20" F
Heat Pump Heating Full
Load Heating Efficiency
(COPH), W/W. Entering/
Leaving Heating Liquid Temperature, High,
120.F1140"F
Heat Pump Heating FullLoad Heating Efficiency
(COPH). WW, Entering/
Leaving Heating Liquid Temperature, Boost,
120"F11400F
Size Category
Refrigerating
Capacity, ton Test
Procedure
QnergyndeAcei.
Table 11O.2-F Efficiency Requirements for Air Cooled Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Air Conditioners r Mandatory $ r Section 110.2, Table 11O.2-F
2025 Energy Code Table 110.2-F updates the Mandatory minimumefficiency requirements and test procedures for air cooled variablerefrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioners ranging in output capacity from less than 65,000 Btuh to those greater than or equal to 240,000 Btuh. Table 9 in this fact sheet includes excerpts from Table 110.2-F and adds footnotes.
For VRF air conditioners with capacities less than 65,000 Btuh, the 2025Energy Code requires testing per AHRI 210/240 to meet or exceed the federal minimum Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio 2 (SEER2).
VRF air conditioners with output capacities of 65,000 Btuh or more must be tested per AHRI 1230 to have the mirimum Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) ratings shown in Table 9. The new EER requirements for the 2025 Energy Code are lower than those unde- the2O22 Energy Code. VRF air conditioners with capacities of 65,000 Btuh or more must also meet minimum lntegrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER) requirements. which are now set by the U.S. Department of Energy rather than by the CEC.
Table 9: Electrically Operated Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Air Conditioners - Minimum Efficiency Requirements (Excerpted from Table 11O.2-F) 1 Red uced EER va I ues co m pa red lo lne 2022 Energy Code 'zIEER is no longer regulated by the CEC and is subject to federal minimum efficiency requirements EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio, IEER = lntegrated Energy Efficiency Ratio, SEER2 = Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio 2, VRF = Variable refrigerant flow ,nlt lr E
2025 Title 24, Paft6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
AHRt 210/240
AHRt 1230
Federal Test2
AHRI 1230
Federal Test'?
AHRI 1230
Federal Test2
Federal Minimum SEER2
'10.5 EERl
Federal Mininum IEER,
10.3 EER1
Federal Minirnum IEER2
9.5 EER1
Federal Minimum IEER2
VRF Multi-split SystemVRF Multi-split System
VRF Multi-split SystemVRF Multi-split Syste'-n
All
Electric Resistance
(or none)
Electric Resistance
(or none)
Electric Resistance
(or none)
< 55,000 Btuh
> 65,000 Btuh and
< 135,000 Btuh
> 135.000 Btuh and
< 240.000 Btuh
> 240,000 Btuh
VRF Air Conditioners,Air CooledVRF Air Conditioners,
Air CooledVRF Air Conditioners,
Air CooledVRF Air Conditioners,Air Cooled
Size Category 5ub-category or Rating Condition Equipment Type Heating Section Type Minimum Efficiency Test Procedure QnergyAdeAce'
Table 110.2-G Updates Efficiency Requirements for Air Cooled VRF Heat Pumps r Mandatory $
r-lt
r Section 110.2, Table 110.2-G
2025 Energy Code Table 110.2-G updates the Mandatory minimum efficiency requirements and test procedures for air cooled VRF heat pumps rangingin cooling output capacity from less than 65,000 Btuh to those greater than or equalto 240,000 Btuh. Table 10 in this fact sheet includes excerpts from Table 110.2-G and adds footnotes. For VRF heat pumps with capacities lessthan 65,000 Btuh, the 2025 Energy Code requires testing per AHRI 210/240 to meet or exceed the federal minimum SEER2 for cooling and 7.5 Heating Seasonal Performance Factor 2 (HSPF2) or greater for heating.
VRF heat pumps with cooling output capacities of 65,000 Btuh or more must be tested per AHRI 1230 to have the minimum EER ratings shown in Table 10. The new EER requirements in the 2025 Energy Code are lower than those under the 2022 Energy Code. VRF heat pumps with capacities of 65,000 Btuh or more must also meet minimum IEER requirements, whichare now set by the U.S. Department of Energy rather than by the CEC. 2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
Table 10: Electrically Operated Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Air-to-Air and Applied Heat Pumps - Minimum Efficiency Requirements (Excerpts for Air Cooled VRF Heat Pumps from Table 110.2-G) lReduced EER values compared rctne2022 Energy Code
,IEER is no longer regulated by the CEC and is subject to federal minimum efficiency requirements EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio, HSPF2 = Heating Seasonal Performance Factor 2, IEER = lntegrated Energy Efficiency Ratio, SEER2 = Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio 2 m - AHRI 1230 Federal Test2 AHRI2101240
AHRI 210/240
AHRI 1230
Federal Test2
AHRI 1230
Federal Test2
9.1 EERl
Federal Minimum IEER2
7.5 HSPF2
Federal Minimum SEER2
10.3 EER1
Federal Minimum IEER'z
9.9 EERl
Federal Minimum IEER2
vRF Mulri-split System
VRF Multi-split System
VRF Multi-split System
VRF Multi-split SystemVRF Multi-split System
All
Electric Resista nce
(or none)
Electric Resistance
(or none)
Electric Resista nce
(or none)
N/A
> 135,000 Btuh and
< 240,000 Btuh> 240,000 Btuh
< 65,000 Btuh
(cooling capacity)
< 65,000 Btuh
> 65,000 Btuh and
< 't35,000 Btuh
VRF Air Cooled
(cooling mode)
VRF Air Cooled
(cooling mode)
VRF Air Cooled
(cooling mode)
VRF Air Cooled
(heating mode)
VRF Air Cooled
(cooling mode)
Sub-category or
Rating Condition Equipment Type Size Category Heating Section Type Minimum Efficiency Test Procedure QnugyCadeAce
lt
Mechanical Ventilation
r Mandatorv $ r Section 120.1(c)3, Equation 12O.1-F, Table 12O.1-A The 2025 Energy Code changes Equation 120.1-F, a formula used to calculate the minimum cubic feet per minute (CFM) of outdoor air required for ventilation in occupiable spaces. The new Equation 120.1-F combinestwo separate calculations required in the 2022 Energy Code.
Equation 12O.1-F: Minimum Outdoor Airflow Rate (V.)
The outdoor airflow rate in CFM (Vz) equals the larger of an occupantbased calculation (Ro x P, ) and an area-based calculation (R. x A, ):
V, = The larger of (Ro x P, ) or (Ra x Az )
WHERE
Y, = Minimum required outdoor airflow rate in CFM
*o = 15 CFM of outdoor airflow per personP. = The expected number of occupants For spaces without fixed seating, P, must be the larger of the following:
* The expected number of occupants specified by the building designer, or* The default occupant density from Table 120.1-Atimes the occupiable floor area of the zone
For spaces with fixed seating, P, must be determined according to CBC 51004.6 R" = Area-based minimum ventilation airflow rate in CFM/ft2 from Table 120.1-A (see excerpts in Tables 11,12, and 13)
A. = The net occupiable floor area of the ventilation zone, in ft2 rlll n I,
2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Wha(s New PaBe20 ol 47
_<4_q g
q
\r^
-&.
QrnergyCodeAce
u
Mechanical Ventilatio n (conti n ued)
r Mandatory s r Section 120.1(c)3, Equation 12O.1-F, Table 120.1-A Table 120.1-A (see excerpts in Tables 11, 12, and 13) has been revised for the 2025 Energy Code. The updated table is split into 11 occupancy categories:
* Educational Facilities * General Manufacturing+ Food and Beverage service (excludes heavy industrial and process using chemicals) * General + PubricAssembryspaces * Hotels, Motels, Resorts, Dormitories * Residential
* office Buildings * Retail
* Miscellaneous + Sports and Entertainment
Each section of the table includes the expected minimum occupant density for the different space types, as well as the area-based minimum ventilation rate Ra, air class, and notes. Tables 11,12, and 13 in this fact sheet include excerpts for office buildings, public assembly spaces, and retail from 2025 Energy Code Table 120.1-A. See the 2025 Energy Code for the complete Table 120.1-A with all nonresidential and hotel/motel occupancies.
2025 Title 24, Parl6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
Table 11: Minimum Occupant Load Density and Ventilation Rates: Office Buildings (Excerpt 1 of 3 from Table 120.1-A) General Notes:
lThe minimum occupant density is one half of the maximum occupant load assumed for egress purposes in the California Building Code (CBC).2Air class represents expected air contaminant concentration levels on a scale of 1 to 4 with Class 1 Air being the cleanest. See 5120.1(g) for more information.
Specific Notes:
F Ventilation air for this occupancy category shall be permitted to be reduced to zero when the space is in occupied-standby mode.
I r-ll T
F
F
F
N/A
F
N/A
1 1
11 1
1 0.15
0.150.15
0.15 0.15
0.15 2
5 5
33 33
33 Break Rooms
Main Entry lobbiegOccupiable Storage Raoms for
Dry MaterialsOfriceSpace
Receptlon Areas
Telephone, Data Entry
Minimum Occupant Load Densityl
(persons/1,000 ft2)
Area-based Minimum Ventilation Rate Ra
(cFM/ft'?) Space Type Air Class2 Notes
QtnergyCodeAce
Mechanical Ventilatio n (conti n ued)
r Mandatory $ r Section 120.1(c)3, Equation 12O.1-F, Table 12O.1-A Table 120.1-A (see excerpts in Tables 11, 12, and 13) has been revised for the 2025 Energy Code.Table 12: Minimum Occupant Load Density and Ventilation Rates: Public Assembly Spaces(Excerpt 2 of 3 from Table 120.1-A) General Notes:lThe minimum occupant density is one half of the maximum occupant load assumed for egress purposes in the California Building Code (CBC). 2Air class represents expected air contaminant concentration levels on a scale of 1 to 4 with Class 1 Air being the cleanest. See 5120.1(g) for more informationSpecific Notes:
F Ventilation air for this occupancy category shall be permitted to be reduced to zero when the space is in occupied-standby mode. ,-tt
-.
n
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page22ol 47
F
F
FF
N/A
F
N/A
F
11 1
11 111
0.150.15
0.15 0.150.15
0.150.15
0.15 7171
13 13
10 33
1717
Auditorium Seating Area
Places of Religious Worchip
CourtroornsLegislative ChambersLibraries (reading rooms and stack areas)
Lobbies
Museums (children's)Museums, Galleries
Minimum Occupant Load Densityl
(persons/1,000 ftz)
Area-based Minimum Ventilation Rate R"
(cFM/ft'z)
Space Type Air Class2 Notes
QnersyAdeAce'
Ilr
Mechanical Ventilatio n (co ntin ued)
r Mandatory s
i-lt
> Section 120.1(c)3, Equation 12O.1-F, Table 120.1-A
Table 120.1-A (see excerpts in Tables 11, 12, and 13) has been revised for the 2025 Energy Code.
Table 13: Minimum Occupant Load Density and Ventilation Rates: Retail (Excerpt 3 of 3 from Table 120.1-A) General Notes:
lThe minimum occupant density is one half of the maximum occupant load assumed for egress purposes in the California Building Code (CBC).2Air class represents expected a ir conta mina nt concentration levels on a scale of 1 to 4 with Class 1 Air being the cleanest. See 5120.1 (8) for more information Specific Notes:
F Ventilation air for this occupancy category shall be permitted to be reduced to zero when the space is in occupied-standby mode.
I n
2025 Title 24, Paft 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page23 of 47
N/A
N/AN/A
F
N/A
N/A
F
1 2
2 1222
0.3 o.2
0.15 o.4
o.40.2
o.2
17 17
17 1717
17 Supermarket 17
Coln.operated Laundrles
Sales (except as belovr)
MallCommonAreas
Barbershop
Beauty and Nall SalonsPet Shops (animal areasl
Minimum Occupant Load Densityl
(persons/1,000 ft2)
Area-based Minimum Ventilation Rate R
(cFM/ftr) Space Type a Air Class2 Notes
QhersyhdeAce
lt
Exhaust Ventilation Categories for Laboratory Buildings $ r Mandatory r Section 12O.1(c14, Table 12O.1-B
2025 Energy Code Table 120J-8 adds new Mandatory minimum exhaust rate categories that apply to occupancy group L laboratory buildings. Table 14 in this fact sheet lists those new categories with their exhaust rates in CFM/ft2, plus the applicable air class.Table 120.1-B also lists exhaust rates in CFM/unit, but that does not apply to the laboratory spaces in Table 14.
Table 14: New Minimum Exhaust Rates for Occupancy Group L - Laboratory Buildings (Excerpts from Table 120.1-B) General Notes:lAir class represents expected air contaminant concentration levels on a scale of 1 to 4 with Class 1 Air being the cleanest. See ql20.1(g) for more information 'Ill n n
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: What s New
N/A
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/A
33 33
33 3333
0.90 3.00
1.501.50
2.25 1.50
2.252.25
2.25 1.50
N/A
N/A
N/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
Animal lmaging (MRI/CT/PET)
Animal Operating Room3
Animal Postoperative Recovery
Room
Animal Preparation Rooms
Anlmal Procedure RoomAnimal Surgery Scrub
Large.animal Holdlng Room
Animal Necropsy
Small-animal (age Room (staticcages)Small-anlmal Cage Room (ventilated cages)
Exhaust Rate
(CFM/unit)
Exhaust Rate
(cFM/ftr) Space Type Air Classi Notes
QtnergyhdeAce''
rnti
ASHRAE Guideline 35 High'performance sequences of operation for HVAg systems @ : ffi.4(c)2Bii, 14o.4(d)2Av,14O.4(e)2D, 14O.4(f)2, a nd 140.4(r) 5140'4 0f the 2025 Energy code requires certain space-conditioning contrors system in new or repracement HVAC systems to meet ASHRAE Guiderine 36 High-performance_sequences of opLration for HVAC systems. ASHRAE deveroped Guiderine 36 as a resource for proven, high-performance HVAC contror sequences. Usi ng sta ndard ized, h igh-perfo rI-.,rn." req uu nce, of operation herps improve HVAC system performance and saves energy. for
The
the
2025 Energy code requires compliance with AsHRAE Guiderine 36 following:
* Variable Air Votume (VAV) Systems:
r> contror sequences for static pressure setpoint reset when using direct digitat controls (DDCs) (S140.4(c)2Bii) > Reheat zones using DDC (S140.4(d)ZAv)
* Economizers:
>> sequence of operation when controted by DDc system (5140.4(e)2D) + Supply Air Temperature Reset Controls:
> Control sequence of operation (St40.4(f)3)
+ DDC Controller Logic:
>r Use a programming ribrary certified to the cEC as meetingJoint Reference Appendix jA18 (exceptions may apply) (S140.4(r)) Note that these ASHRAE Guiderine 36 requirements do not apply to new or replacement components unress the space-conditioning systems are arso new or replacements. ,-tr r
ll I:r
2025 Title 24, part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QfnersyhdeA ce Page25 of 47
Offices and Schools with Multizone Systems
r Prescriptive @ 4 r Section 140.4(a)3
s140.4(a)3 of the 2025 Energy Code introduces new Prescriptive requ irements for multizone space-conditioning systems serving new office and school buildings that are 150'000 ft'z or smaller or five habitable stories or fewer The requirements varY bY building type, HVAC system type' and C7' asshown in Table 15 in this fact sheet' Table 15: PrescriPtive M ultizone HVAC SYstem ComPliance OPtions for New Office and School Buildings ,rf
rIt ;flll
* CZs2, 4, andS through 16: All perimeter zone
terminal heating units must be parallel fan-powered
boxes Per 514G'4(a)3E
+ CZs2,4, andl'l through 't6: Ventilation systems must
have heat recc'very Per 5140'4(q)
+ cz2iMaximum allowed fan power must be 15%
lower than 51a0'4(c)1, heating loop leaving watertemperature must be < 120'F See Dffice Requirements (left)
See Office Requirements (left)
heating caPacitY bY CZ'
+ CZsl through 6 and 16: 100%
+ CZIT through 15225o/o
+ CZsl, 3, and 5: Ventilation systems must have heat
recoverY Per 5140.4(q)
+ CZs3 and 5: Maximum allowed fan power must be
15o/o lower than 9140.4(c)1
per 5140.4(a)3E must Provide
perimeter zone terminal Parallel fan-Powered boxes the following Percentage of * lndoor fans Per 5140'4(a)3D
+ DOAS Per 5'140.4(a)3E
+ AWHP Per 5'140 heating hot water .4(a)3C to suPPlY
* lndoor fans Per 5140'a(a)3D
+ Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to all zones
served bY VRF Per 5140'4(a)3E
heat recoverY * Refrigerant looP
Variable AlrVolume (VAV) wlth AWHP per
f 40.4(a)3C to supply heating hot water
Four-plpe Fan Coil (FPFC) Terminal UnltwithAir-to-water Heat PumP (AWHP) Variable Refrigerant P161v (VRF) Heat Putnp
Additional HVAC Requirements
for Office Buildings
Additional HVAC Requirements
for School Buildings
HVAC System OPtions
Qtnergycod,Ace''
2025 Title 24, Patt6 [ Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page26 of 47 Offices and Schools with Multizone Systems (continued)
> Prescriptive> Section 140.4(a)3
Table 15: Prescriptive Multizone HVAC System Compliance Options for New Office and School Buildings (continued) n
€
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
See Office Requirements (left)
See Office Requirements (left)
* Economizers must be located on the cold deck* 10070 return air must be supplied by hot deck and be a heat pump
+ ASHRAE Guideline 36 for DFDD and terminal unit
controls
* When Executive Director (CEC) determines additional
system or systems use no more energy than the other
four options above
OtherDual.fan Dual-duct (DFDD)
Additional HVAC Requirements
for Office Buildings
Additional HVAC Requirements
for School Buildings HVAC System Options
rllll IIIII II
QnergyCadeAcd.
u
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
$ r Mandatory r Section 110.2(e)
2025 Energy Code 5110.2(e) updates the 2022 Mandatory regulations tocontrol and document open and closed-circuit cooling tower cycles ofconcentration.
Cycles of concentration represents the number of times theconcentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in cooling tower water is multiplied relative to the TDS in the makeup water. Because evaporation of pure water leaves dissolved solids behind in the system water, TDS increases over time as the tower operates. The number of times the dissolved minerals are concentrated is relative to the TDS in the makeup water. For example, five cycles of concentration represents five times the concentration of solids in the cooling tower system water relative to the TDS in the makeup water entering the tower.The 2025 Energy Code requires cooling towers to have conductivity controls that maximize cycles of concentration based on local water qualityconditions. The2O22 Energy Code also allowed flow-based controls, but the 2025 Energy Code only allows conductivity controls.The 2025 Energy Code also changes cycles of concentration documentation requirements for building owners from maximum "cycles of concentrationneeded" to maximum "cycles of concentration achievable" based on local water supply conditions as reported by the local water supplier.
See 5110.2(e)2 for details on the new calculations required to determine maximum achievable cycles of concentration.
tnlr n I
2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
IIIII
IIIII TIIIr ITTII rIIII - rrr
QnergyCodeAce'r
lr
Prescriptive Cooling Tower Effi ciency
> Prescriptive @
r-ll - r Section 140.4(h)5, Table 14O.4-H-2 9140.4(h)5 provides new Prescriptive minimum rated efficiency requirements for axial fan, open-circuit cooling towers serving condenser water loops for chilled water plants with a total of 900 gallons per minute (GPM) or greater. ln the 2022 Energy Code, this equipment had to have minimum Prescriptive efficiency greater than or equal to 60 GPM/hp in CZs 2 through 15 but had no Prescriptive efficiency requirements in CZs 1 and 16. The 2025 Energy Code introduces new Table 140.4-H-2, which lists separate Prescriptive minimum efficiency requirements for every CZ (see Table 16). These requirements do not apply to replacement cooling towers inside an existing building or on an existing roof. Table 16: Minimum Efficiency for Propeller or Axial Fan Open-circuit Cooling Towers (Adapted from Table 140.4-H-2) CZ = Climate Zone, GPM/hp = Gallons per minute per horsepower n2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page29 of 47
6PM/hp 42.1 70 50 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 50 70 80 60 80 42.1 Minimum Rated Fan Efficiency cz1 czz cz3 cz4 czs cz6 cz7 cz8 czg cz10 cztl cz12 cz13 cz14 cz15 cz15 QnergyCodeAce^
ll
Mechanical Heat Recovery
@
r Prescriptive> Section 140.4(s)
The 2025 Energy Code adds 5140.4(s) with new Prescriptive requirementsfor recovering waste heat from mechanical cooling systems in new buildings and transferring the recovered heat to help provide spaceheating and service water heating.
Simultaneous Mechanical Heat Recovery
The new Prescriptive simultaneous mechanical heat recovery requirementfor new buildings is triggered when:
* The coincident peak cooling load of high load spaces equals 200 tons or more, and the design capacity of all service water heating systems plus all space heating systems equals 2,200 kBtuh or more, or * The design cooling capacity of all mechanical cooling systems equals 300 tons or more, and the design capacity of all service water heatingsystems plus 1070 of the design capacity of space heating systemsequals 700 kBtuh or more High cooling load spaces are defined as areas with design equipment power density over 5 watts/ftz and a required minimum outdoor airflow ofless than 0.5 CFM/ft2.
The mechanical heat recovery system must include a heat recovery chiller or another way to transfer recovered heat from spaces being cooled to oneor both of the following:
* Spaces needing heating
* The service water heating system
The heat recovery system must be able to transfer the smaller of thefollowing:
t 250/o of the peak heat rejection of the cooling system, or I 25o/o of the (total designed service water heating capacity plus the total designed space heating capacity)
There are exceptions to simultaneous mechanical heat recovery for laboratory buildings with exhaust air heat recovery meeting s140.9(c)6, and for buildings in cZ 15 with a total design service water heating capacity lessthan 600 kBtuh.
Heat Recovery for Service Water Heatinglf a building meets the requirements for simultaneous mechanical heat recovery and the design capacity of all service water heating systemsis 500 kBtuh or more, then the heat recovery system must also heat or preheat service hot water.
The heat recovery system must be able to transfer the smaller of thefollowing to the service hot water system:
* 3070 of the peak heat rejection of the cooling system, or + 300/6 of the total designed service water heating capacity Mechanical heat recovery is not requir=d for buildings with a computer room heat recovery system or wastewater heat recovery system that canprovide at least 25%o of the (total designed service water heating capacity plus total designed space heating capacity).
,-lt T. l! n.
2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QnersyndeAce Page 30 of 47 Alterations
HVAC Alterations
r Prescriptive @ r Section 141.O(b)2Cii, Table 141.0-E-1 2O25Energy Code 5141.0(b)2ciiand the newTable 141.0-E-1 (see Table 17in this fact sheet) include changes to the Prescriptive requirements for HVAC system alterations that consist of new or replacement single-zonepackaged rooftop systems with direct expansion cooling and rated cooling capacity less than 65,000 Btuh.
The new requirements apply to the following building types in the following CZs:
+ Retailand grocery:CZs3 through 13 and 15, no requirements in CZs 1,2,14, and 16
* School: CZs 1 through 15, no requirements in CZ 16* Office, financial, and institution: CZs 3 through 13 and 15, no requirements in cZs 1,2, 14, and 16
* Library: CZs 1 and 3 through 15, no requirements in CZs 2 and 16 The new or replacement equipment must be one of the following:
* A single-zone heat pump with an economizerl, or
* A single-zone air conditioner plus furnace with a variable-speed fan2 and an economizerl, or
* A dual-fuel heat pump3 with a variable-speed fan2 and an economizerl lThe economizers must meet the requirements of 5140.4(e).2The variable-speed fans and controls must vary the indoor fan airflow rate as a function of the load and must have at least two fan-control stages.3A dual-fuel heat pump is an electric heat pump with gas supplemental heat that alternates between the two fuel sources. iell - ffrl 2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page31 of 47
tlr tlrtlr llll Itll
QtnergycodeAce^
HVAC Alteration s (conti n ued)
@
r Prescriptiver Section 141.O(b)zGii, Table 141.0-E-1
Table 17: New or Replacement Single Zone Air Conditioner or Heat Pump Requirements (Excerpted from Table 141.0-E-1) CZ = Climate Zone, NR = No requirement, SZHP = Single zone heat pump + economizer per 5140.4(e), SZAC1 = Single zone air conditioner with furnace + variable speed fan + economizer per 5140,4(e), or dual-fuel heat pump + variable speed fan + economizer per S140,4(e) rEll I -2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page3zof 47
NR
NR
NRNR
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZH P
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
SZAC,I
NR
SZHP
or
SZAC'I
NR
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZAC1
SZHP
or
s7AC1
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
5ZAC1
SZHP
or
9.4C1
SZHP
or
5ZAC1
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAc'l
SZHP
or
5ZAC1
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
5ZAC1
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAc'l
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
SZACl
SZHP
or
szAcl
SZH P
or
s7AC1
NR
SZHP
or
szAcl
NRNR
NR
SZHP
or
5ZAC1
NR
SZHP
or
szAcl
Retail and Grocery
School
Office, Financial, lnstitution
Library
Building Type cz1 czz cz3 cz4 czs cz6 czj cz8 czg cz10 cz11 czlz cz13 cz|4 cz15 cz16 QnergyndeAce
lr
Covered Process Hiehlights
New Construction
Covered Process Pipe lnsulation
r Mandatory $ r Section 120.3, Tables 120.3-A1 and 120.3-A2 2025 Energy Code 5120.3 expands the Mandatory pipe insulationrequirements from the 2022 Energy Code to cover piping for process heating and cooling systems.Process heating system piping includes all refrigerant, steam, steam condensate, and hot water fluid distribution systems for heating a process unrelated to space conditioning or service water heating.
Process cooling system piping includes all refrigerant suction, chilled water, and brine fluid distribution systems for cooling a process unrelatedto space conditioning.The pipe insulation thickness and R-value requirements from Table 120.3-A of the 2022Energy Code still apply for the 2025 Energy Code, but they have been reorganized for clarity and split into two new tables that cover process heating and cooling piping as well as all other nonresidential and hotel/motel piping:
i Table'120.3-A1: Space Heating and Service Water Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, Refrigerant, Space Heating, Service Hot Water) and Process Heating System Pipe lnsulation Thickness * Table 120.3-A2: Space Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Refrigerant and Brine) and Process Cooling System Pipe lnsulation Thickness New exceptions 5 and 6 to 5120.3 clarify that pipe insulation is not required for the following:
f Fluid pumps, steam traps, blow-off valves, and piping within process equipment
* Valves, strainers, coil u-bends, air separators with at least 0.5 inches of insulation, and piping within process equipment V
.-
2025 Title 24,Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page33 of 47
B
rIll - QtnergyCodeAce. l!
s
$
Controlled Environment Horticulture Lighting
'@y> Section 120.5(h)
2025 Energy Code 5120.6(h) increases the minimum lighting efficiency requirements for controlled environment horticulture (CEH) spaces and greenhouses with over 40 kW of aggregate horticultural lighting load.
For the 2025 Energy Code, electric lighting systems used for plant growth and maintenance must have a rated photosynthetic photon efficacy (PPE) ofat least 2.3 micromoles per joule, increased from 1.7 PPE in the 2O22EnergyCode. The new PPE requirement applies to both integrated, non-serviceable luminaires and luminaires with removable or serviceable lamps.Electric Ready Commercial Kitchens 'qg4g r Section 120.6(k)
The 2025 Energy Code adds the following Mandatory electric readiness requirements for new commercial kitchens:
* Quick-service and institutional commercial kitchens must include a dedicated branch circuit wiring and outlet that would be accessible to cookline appliances and that meets the following requirements:>> The branch circuit conductors must be rated at 50 amps minimum>r The electric service panel must have a minimum capacity of 800 connected amps
* The electrical service panel must be sized to have an additional 208 volt or 240 volt 50-amp breaker
Healthcare facilities and all-electric commercial kitchens are exempt from these requirements.
Laboratory Exhaust Systems Now Subject to Energy Code
@
r Prescriptive
> Section 140.9(c)
5140.9(c)of the 2025 Energy Code incluces new Prescriptive requirements for laboratory exhaust systems. These include regulations regarding minimum exhaust and makeup airflow rates, acceptance testing, fan system power consumption, reheat limitations, and exhaust air heat recovery. Healthcare facilities are exempt from all these requirements. see 9140.9(c) for exceptions to individual measures.
Minimum Exhaust and Makeup Airflow Rates
The Energy Code requires separate minimum exhaust and makeup airflow rates for time periods when a space is occupied or unoccupied, asdetermined by occupant-sensing controls in each space.
The occupied minimum exhaust airflow must be set as the largest of thefollowing:
* A user-defined airflow less than or equalto 1.0 CFM/ft2 (equivalent to six air changes per hour for a 10-foot high ceiling), or * The regulated minimum occupied circulation rate documented to comply with code, accreditation, cr facility environmental health and safety requirements, or
* The minimum needed to maintain occupied pressurization The unoccupied minimum exhaust airflow, beginning within 20 minutes of no occupants being detected, must be set as the largest of the following:
* A user-defined airflow less than or equal to 0.67 CFM/ft, (equivalent to four air changes per hour for a 1O-foot high ceiling), or * The regulated minimum unoccupied circulation rate documented to comply with code, accreditatio;r, or facility environmental health and safety requirements, or
+ The minimum needed to maintair unoccupied pressurization i-ll
n lr IE
2025 Title 24, Part 5 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QnergyCadeAce Page34of 47
@
Laboratory Exhaust Systems Now Subject to Energy Code (continued) '@,
> Section 140.9(c)
For Energy Code compliance, the systems and equipment used to meet these minimum exhaust and makeup air requirements must be certified per Reference NonresidentialAppendix NA7.16. ln addition, a Certificateof Acceptance must be submitted to the enforcement authority having jurisdiction.
New zones on an existing constant volume exhaust system are exempt from the minimum exhaust and makeup airflow rate requirements.
Fan System Power Consumption
All newly installed laboratory or factory fan exhaust systems with a design exhaust airflow rate greater than '10,000 CFM must meet the fan power requirements of 5140.9(c)3A, and one of the options in subsections B, C,or D. Exhaust air in laboratories or factories includes all indoor air or gases removed by the exhaust system, such as exhaust air from fume hoods,hazardous exhaust flows, or other manifolded exhaust streams. Exhaust fan system airflow rate is the total of the airflow rates entering the exhaust fans, excluding entrained or induced airflow downstream of the exhaust fans.
See 5140.9(c)3 for the complete exhaust system fan power requirements.
Reheat Limitation
There are reheat limitations for air handlers in buildings with more than 20,000 CFM of laboratory exhaust that serve multiple space-conditioningzones in laboratory spaces. These air handlers must NOT * Mechanically cool supply air below 80"F+ Heat supply air above 50'F Each zone must have heating and cooling capacity to prevent cooling at the air handler and reheating at the zones.See S140.9(c)5 for exceptions.
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery
Buildings with more than 10,000 CFM of laboratory exhaust must have an exhaust air heat recovery system that meets the following:
* Sensible energy recovery ratio of 45o/o or more at heating design conditions and25o/o or more at cooling design conditions + Heat recovered from at least 75%o of all lab exhaust air volume + System has a run-around coil pump or other way to disable heat recovery
+ System has a bypass damper or other way to keep the exhaust air pressure drop through the heat exchanger from exceeding 0.4 inch w.g. when heat recovery is disabled
See 5'140.9(c)6 for exceptions.
.nti .n t, re.
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New
Lighting System Highlights
New Construction
lndoor Lighting Controls
> Mandatorv s r Sections 130.1(a) and (d)
The 2025 Energy Code introduces changes to the indoor lighting control requirements in 5130.1(a) regarding manual controls, and in 5130.1(d)regarding daylight responsive controls.
ManualControls
The name of 5130.1(a) has changed from "Manual Area Controls" to"Manual Controls," and the code language has been simplified. Rather than describing the controlled location as an "area enclosed by ceiling height partitions," as in previous Energy Code cycles, the 2025 Energy Code simplyrequires that "each space" must have manual on/off lighting controls.Manual controls must either be located in the controlled space or located such that the controlled lighting or the status of the controlled lighting can be seen when operating the controls. ln healthcare facilities, there is an exception to the manual control location requirement for restrooms andbathing areas intended for a-single person.
Daylight Responsive Controls
5130.1(d) has been renamed from 'Autcmatic Daylighting Controls,,to "Daylight Responsive Controls," and new language is included to clarifywhen daylight responsive controls are required. General lighting must be controlled by daylight responsive controls in the following locations, as applicable:
t ln any enclosed space with at least 75 watts of general lighting installed completely or partially within skylii daylit zones
+ ln any enclosed space with at least 75 watts of general lighting installed completely or partially within primary sidelit daylit zones + ln any enclosed space with at least 75 watts of general lighting installed completely or partially within secondary sidelit daylit zones; general lighting in secondary sidelit daylit zones must be controlled independently from the general lighting in primary sidelit daylit zones * ln parking garage areas with at least 60 watts of total general lighting in the primary and secondary daylit zones
rlll n lr n
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QnergyCodeAcd' Page36 of 47
lndoor Lighting Controls (conti n ued)
$ > Mandatorv
-a
r Sections 130.1(a) and (d)
lndoor Lighting: Tailored and Area Category Methods
@ r Prescriptive r Sections 140.6(c)2Gviii ln.the 2022 to xi, and Table 14O.6-C Energy code, daylighting controls were not required in rooms where the totar combined wattage of generar righting in the skyrit and primary siderit zones, or the totar generar righting *"ttugu in tie secondary zones on their own, was less than 120 watts. ln the 202iEnergy Code, that trigger is changed to 75 totar watts or more in encrosed spaces within the primary siderit zones, independent of the generar righting watts in the secondary sidelit zones.
There is a new exception to 5130.1(d) when dayright responsive contrors are not required for the primary siderit daylit zones, and where the secondary sidelit zones have less than g5 watts oigeneral lighting. ln another change for the 2025 Energy code, generar righting ruminaires longer Howeve'
than eight feet must be controired as segments of eight feet or ress. if a ruminaire contains a factory-assembred housing and right source as an integrar unit i.n segments ronger than eight teetjhe ruminaire segment can be controted based on the type of dayrit zone where the segment is primarily located.
Tailored Lighting Method Removed
The 2025 Energy Code removes the Tairored Method
- 2o22Energy code 55140'6(a)4C and 140'6.(b)3c
-
as a compriance option for indoor righting. ln previous Energy Code cycles, the Tailored Method ,rppor*d .*,r, wattage ailowances for dispray righting. For 2025,the Aiea category Method has been updated to include moie Oislptay lighring.
Area Category Method Updates
The 2025 Energy code adds some of the Tairored Method dispray righting wattage
options to the Area category Method. other Area category indoor righting atowances, such as those for hearthcare restrooms racilities, crassrooms, and have remained the same as in the 2022 Energy code. see Tabre 18 in this fact sheet for exampres of the new dispray righting arowances, and see Energy code Tabre 140.6-cfor at Area category indoor righting wattage allowances. ,htt - rn
2025 Title 24, part6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New QnergyndeAce'' li
d Lighting power Density Values lncluding Examples of New Display Lighting MH = Luminaire mounting height of the qualified lighting systems #[ ir*It*.rltgt.
-
t r'+'13;{i:!1"jiidr'#'fiIHFmffitr {
rabre 1 8: Area .'l:f;iJ{Hti3
(Excerpted from'
.r,:.tr.:,.
-
I lii' #1 ;::i::::#
2025 Title 24, Parl6 | Nonresidential Buildings: What s New Page 38 of 47
3.5 W/ft
4 w/fr
0.25 3 W/fr
0.10 0.60
0.50 0.52
12.7 Wlfr
0.45 9.5 W/ft
11.2 W/ft
0.35 0.35
0.40 0.30
2.35 Wft
2.66W/ft
2w/ft
o.25
WallDisPlaY MH > 14'
Wall DisPlaY MH 10'7" to 14'
Decorative
Wall DisPlaY MH < 10'6"
I he ight 0' ncl os ed spa ce of cel lin d n e Gen e a Lighti nb Floor DisPIaY and Task MH > 14'
Valuable DisPlaY Case
Floor DisPlaY and Task MH < 10'6"
Floor Display and Task MH 10'7" to 14'
Wall DisPlaY MH > 14'
WallDisPlaY MH < 10'6"
Wall DisPlaY MH '10'7" to 14'
Decorative
Floor DisPlaY and Task MH 10'7" to 14'
Floor DisPlaY and Task MH > 14'
Wall DisPlaY MH > 14'
Floor DisPlaY and Task MH < '10'6"
Wall DisPlaY MH 10'7" to 14'
Decorative
Wall DisPIaY MH < 10'6"
0.70 0.95
o.75
N/A
Retail
Merchandise
Sales
N/A
LobbY, Main EntrY
Retail Sales Area
Convention,
Conference'
MultipurPose'
and Meeting Area
(wft2)
unless noted otherwise) Building (w/ftz TYPe
and Use
PrimarY
Function Area
Allowed Lighting Power
DensitY for General Lighting Additional Lighting Power Qualifi ed Lighting Systems Additional Lighting Power
Additional Allowance
QtnergyCodeAce
Sign Lighting
r Prescriptive
r Section 140.8(b)
i- U.^ ..,; --..-. ..-," e
There are two ways to show 2a25 Energycode compriance for sign righting one option, which remains unchangedirom the 2022 Energycooe, is to calculate and meet a maximum atowed righting power for a proposed sign The second oprion, which has been upoat"o inlrre zozs E"";;; code, is to limit sign lighting to specific alternate light sources.
The 2025 Energy code only allows LED and neon or cold cathode lamps as compliant alternate light sources for sign lighting. ln a change from 2o22,the 2025 Energy Code does not allow high pressure sodium, metar haride, fruorescent tubes, or compact fruorescent lamps as alternate light sources for sign lighting.
The required efficiency ratings for LED and neon or cord cathode righting remain the same as in the 2022 Energy code, as do the three exceptions to the overall sign lighting requirements. @
2025 Title 24, part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New +
QtnergyndeAce
h
Battery Storage System and Solar Photovoltaic (PVl Svstem Hiehlishts New Construction
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Sizing for Nonresidential and Hotel/Motel @
r Prescriptive
> Section 140.10(a), Table 140.10-A
The Prescriptive solar PVrwo. (kW direct current) requirement for nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings is determined as the smallerresult from the two following calculation options:
Calculate PV Capacity Using Equation 140.10-AOne option is to calculate the required kWdc using Equation 140.10-A:
kWruo.=(CFAxA)/1000
WHERE:
kwrud.
CFA
A
= Minimum rated PV system capacity in kW= Conditioned floor area in ftz = PV capacity factor in Wft2 as specified in Table 19 for the building type (copied from Table 140.10-A)
5*|n
ln the 2025 Energy Code, this equation remains the same as in the 2022 Energy Code. However, Table 19 includes new building and space types with PV requirements, plus increased PV capacity factors for most of the remaining building types from 2022.
rIt' srum#ry ni"i'1,,r'l
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: What's New QnerrndeAce' Page 4O oI 47 €
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Sizing for Nonresidential and Hotel/Motel (continued) '!rs!!E!E
r Section 140.10(a), Table 140.10-A
Nonresidential buildings are often designed as mixed use facilities. ThesePV requirements apply to all the building types listed in Table 19, and also to mixed occupancy buildings where at least 80% of the floor area of the building serves one or more of these building types. The updated PV capacity factors reflect the estimated electrical loads that the PV system must cover for the different space types.
ln mixed occupancy buildings, use Equation 140.10-A to calculate theminimum rated PV system capacity for each of the project's listedbuilding types based on their conditioned floor area. The total PV capacity requirement for the building is the sum of the PV capacities for all the different occupancies, calculated using Equation 140.10-A.
Calculate PV Capacity Based on Solar Access Roof Area (SARA) The other PV capacity calculation option is to multiply the total SolarAccess Roof Area (SARA, measured in ft'z) by certain Wft2 allowances.
For the 2025 Energy Code, these allowances have changed to 18 Wft2 for steep-sloped roofs and remain at14Wlfl2 for low-sloped roofs.
The 2025 Energy Code also clarifies that the SARA always excludes roof areas unavailable due to compliance with other California state building codes. The SARA may also exclude areas needed to meet local buildingcodes, but the Energy Code only allows those exclusions if the Executive Director confirms them.
New Exception 5 to Section 140.10(a) for Nonresidential and Hotel/Motel M ultitenant Buildings Exception 5 to 5140.10(a) of the 2025 Energy Code replaces the 2022Energy Code exception for virtual net energy metering (VNEM), as follows:
The PV capacity calculated using Equation 140.10-A for nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings must exclude tenant spaces that meet all ofthe following:
+ Tenant space is less than or equal to 2,000 ft2 of conditioned space, and * Tenant space is served by an HVAC system that does not serve other tenant spaces in the building, and
f Tenant space has an individual utility meter to track electricity consumption that does not include the electricity consumption of other tenant spaces in the building
This exception does not apply where:
* The CEC has approved a community solar program per Title 24, Part1, 510{15, or
* A load-serving entity provides a program to compensate PV generation through virtual energy bill credits for occupants of nonresidential and hotel/moteltenant spaces to receive energy bill benefits from netting of energy generation and consumption
rlll -n -2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New Page4l oI 47 QnergyndeAcd'
l!
Table 19: PV Capacity Factors in Wft2 of Conditioned Floor Area (Copied from Table 140.10-A) lNew category for 2025 Energy Code with all new PV capacity factors.
CZ = Climate Zone, NEW! = lncreased PV capacity factor for 2025 Energy Code ,rt! n ff
2025 Title 24, Part 6 | Nonresidential Buildings: Whafs New