Maywood City Council
March 25, 2026

3. GHG Emissions Analysis
City of Maywood 13 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 7
Historical Emissions and BAU Emissions
Forecast Through 2045

3.3.2 Adjusted Business as Usual Forecast
The Adjusted BAU emissions forecast for the City of Maywood accounts for the effects that the following State regulations and adopted policies are expected to have on the community’s GHG emissions through the year 2045:
• Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) as mandated by Senate Bill (SB) 350 and SB 10203 • The State’s Vehicle Efficiency Standards (i.e., Pavley) for on-road vehicles that are built into CARB’s EMFAC model4
• Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards5
• Organic waste reduction requirements as mandated by SB 13836 As shown in Table 4 and Figure 8, the Adjusted BAU forecasts of community GHG emissions are 65,727 MTCO2e for 2030 and 50,982 MTCO2e for 2045, representing decreases of approximately 25.9 percent below 2010 levels by 2030, and 42.5 percent below 2010 levels by 2045. Figure 9 compares the BAU and Adjusted BAU forecasts, depicting the significant difference between the two.

TABLE 4
HISTORICAL GHG EMISSIONS AND ADJUSTED BAU FORECAST THROUGH 2045 (MTCO2E) Sector 2010 2015 2030 2045
Residential Electricity 5,255 6,794 3,840 0
Residential Natural Gas 8,415 8,600 8,793 9,149
Non-Residential Electricity 9,679 7,316 4,107 0
Non-Residential Natural Gas 3,754 3,311 3,389 3,531
On-Road Transportation 45,712 43,199 30,450 25,001
Off-Road Equipment 1,560 1,790 2,068 2,345
Solid Waste 5,727 6,991 7,123 7,408
Water 4,624 3,877 2,206 0
Wastewater 1,248 1,167 994 778
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) 2,749 2,749 2,757 2,771 Total 88,721 85,792 65,727 50,982
3 SB 350 (2016) mandates that a minimum of 60 percent of the State’s electricity will come from qualifying renewable sources by the year 2030; SB1020 (2022) increases the mandated renewables target to 90 percent by 2035, 95 percent by 2040, and 100 percent by 2045.
4 Note that the EMFAC model is somewhat conservative in that it does not account for the aggressive electric vehicle goals represented by California Governor’s Executive Orders calling for 5 million ZEVs statewide by 2030 and to phase out gasoline-powered vehicle sales by 2035.
5 The latest Title 24 standards were applied on January 1, 2023, and are updated every three years. 6 SB 1383 requires a 75% Statewide reduction in organic waste by 2025.

3. GHG Emissions Analysis
City of Maywood 14 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 8
Historical GHG Emissions and Adjusted BAU Forecast
Through 2045
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 9
Historical GHG Emissions, BAU Forecast, and
Adjusted BAU Forecast Through 2045
Transportation ■ Electricity ■ Natural Gas ■ Solid Waste ■ SLCPs ■ Off-Road Equipment ■ Water & Wastewater 100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
~ 60,000 §
~
~
·~ 50,000
]
!;:!
"' 40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
2010 2015 2030 2045
100,000 Historical Emissions
90,000 BAU Forecast
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 80,000
70,000
60,000
v
Adjusted BAU
Forecast
N
0 50,000 u
>-
~ V, 40,000 C:
0 ·~
! 30,000
l'.)
I
l'.) 20,000
10,000
0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
■ Transportation ■ Electricity ■ Natural Gas ■ Solid Waste ■ SLCPs ■ Off-Road Equipment ■ Water & Wastewater

City of Maywood 15 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
SECTION 4
Recommended GHG Emission Reduction
Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies

4.1 Background
This section presents ESA’s analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction scenarios for the City of Maywood (City), as they relate to potential emissions targets and the development of the City’s Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP). We include three scenarios that are based on the City’s community GHG inventory and forecasts of future emissions using socioeconomic growth forecasts from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). In addition to growth forecasts, the scenarios are informed by major policy and regulatory trends, technology and market trends, and the City’s past and present efforts in reducing community GHG emissions.

A summary of the City’s existing plans, policies, programs, and progress related to emissions reduction, including identified gaps and considerations for future planning, is provided in ESA’s Existing Conditions and Policy Gap Analysis memorandum dated March 1, 2021.

The scenario analysis is intended to inform how the City moves forward with setting future emissions targets and developing a CAAP to achieve those targets. The scenarios presented herein are intended to demonstrate the range of actions and performance levels needed for the City to achieve the following local reduction targets that are consistent with statewide targets established by Assembly Bill 1279 and the corresponding 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality (2022 Scoping Plan) adopted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB):
• 2030 target of 40 percent below 1990 levels
• 2045 target of 85 percent below 1990 levels

4.2 Emissions Inventory and Forecast Summary
Table 5 summarizes GHG emissions from the City’s most recent (2015) community inventory and for 2030 and 2045 forecasts under business-as-usual (BAU) and Adjusted BAU conditions.

The BAU forecast applies growth factors (i.e., the expected growth in the City’s population, employment, and housing through 2030 and 2045) to the 2015 inventory and shows how community emissions would increase in the absence of State regulations (e.g., renewable energy and vehicle fuel efficiency standards) and if no additional actions were taken by the City to reduce emissions. The Adjusted BAU forecast accounts for the effect that State energy and transportation policies and regulations are expected to have on future emissions. Reductions from these statewide measures are expected to occur due regardless of whether Maywood takes local action to reduce emissions.

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 16 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
As shown in Table 5, on-road transportation contributes the most to the City’s 2015 emissions inventory, followed by energy (electricity and natural gas used in buildings). The other sectors (water, off-road transportation, solid waste, wastewater, and SLCP) contribute to the remaining emissions, representing approximately 19 percent of the inventory and forecasts.

TABLE 5
CITY OF MAYWOOD – COMMUNITY GHG INVENTORY AND FORECAST (MTCO2E) A Sector
2015
Inventory 2015 %
2030 BAU
Forecastb
2030
BAU %
2030
Adjusted
BAU
Forecastc
2030
Adjusted
BAU %
2045 BAU
Forecastb
2045
BAU %
2045
Adjusted
BAU
Forecastc
2045
Adjusted
BAU %
On-road
transportation
43,199 52.3% 41,370 50.3% 30,450 50.4% 39,975 46.7% 25,001 55.8% Residential
electricity
6,638 8.0% 6,787 8.2% 3,840 6.4% 7,062 8.2% 0 0.0%
Nonresidential
electricity
7,149 8.7% 7,585 9.2% 4,180 6.9% 8,019 9.4% 0 0.0%
Residential
natural gas
8,600 10.4% 8,793 10.7% 8,737 14.5% 9,149 10.7% 8,839 19.7% Nonresidential
natural gas
3,311 4.0% 3,513 4.3% 3,390 5.6% 3,714 4.3% 3,248 7.2%
Water 1,790 2.2% 2,068 2.5% 2,206 3.7% 4,014 4.7% 0 0.0% Solid waste 6,991 8.5% 7,123 8.7% 1,781 2.9% 7,408 8.6% 1,852 4.1% Off-road
transportation
3,788 4.6% 3,860 4.7% 2,068 3.4% 2,345 2.7% 2,345 5.2%
Wastewater 1,157 1.4% 1,179 1.4% 994 1.6% 1,226 1.4% 778 1.7% Short-lived
Climate
Pollutants
(SLCP)
2,749 3.2% 2,757 3.2% 2,757 4.6% 2,771 3.2% 2,771 6.2%
Total 85,371 100% 85,034 100.0% 60,404 100% 85,681 100.0% 44,834 100.0% NOTES:
a MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents
b BAU = without state vehicle efficiency and renewable energy standards, and further City actions to reduce emissions c Adjusted BAU accounts for state vehicle efficiency and renewable energy standards SOURCE: Data compiled by ESA, 2023.

Figure 10 plots the City’s historical community wide GHG emissions by sector from 2010 through 2015, as well as BAU and Adjusted BAU forecasts through 2045. Community-wide emissions show a downward trend from 2010 to 2015, reflecting the impact of state and local GHG reduction efforts. Figure 1 also shows future emissions increasing by just 0.4 percent between 2015 and 2045 under BAU conditions, and demonstrates with the Adjusted BAU forecast how community emissions are expected to decrease over time due to existing State policies and regulations, including the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) which mandates cleaner electricity, and the Pavley vehicle emissions standards that require more fuel-efficient vehicles

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 17 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 10
Maywood Community Emissions by Sector – Draft Inventories and Forecasts (MTCO2e)
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 2010 2015
Non-Residential Energy
- solid Waste
- Water
2020 2025
Residential Energy
- SLCP
- Wastewater
2030
BAU Forecast
---- - ---- - - -- --
Adjusted BAU F orecast
2035 2040 2045
- On-Road Transportation
- Off-Road Equipment
- - BAU Forecast

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 18 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final

4.3 Emissions Targets
Over the past two decades, the State of California has established multiple GHG emissions reduction targets between 2020 and 2050 to address various aspects of climate change. AB 32 and SB 32 codified the state’s GHG emissions reduction targets by requiring that statewide GHG emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by 2020, and to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, respectively. AB 1279 codified a previous Governor’s Executive Order by requiring that the state achieve net zero GHG emissions no later than 2045; AB 1279 also requires the state to reduce direct anthropogenic GHG emissions 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045. The City’s CAAP is likely to set GHG emissions reduction targets and goals to align with these statewide mandates, as well as various state and regional targets. Most notably, this includes the targets established by SB 100 and SB 1020 for renewable energy and zero-carbon resources.

4.3.1 State Targets
Assembly Bill 32 and Senate Bill 32:
• By 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels.
• By 2030, reduce GHG emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels.

Assembly Bill 1279:
• By 2045, reduce statewide anthropogenic GHG emissions to at least 85 percent below 1990 levels.
• By 2045 or sooner, achieve net zero7 GHG emissions and achieve and maintain net negative GHG emissions thereafter.

Senate Bill 100 and Senate Bill 1020:
• By 2035, source 90 percent of retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers from eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources. • By 2035, source 100 percent of electricity procured to serve all state agencies from eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources.
• By 2045, source 100 percent of retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers from eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources.

The 2017 Scoping Plan set forth a statewide plan to achieve the state’s SB 32 2030 GHG emissions reduction target. The 2022 Scoping Plan, adopted by CARB in December 2022, supersedes the 2017 Scoping Plan and is the state’s plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 or earlier and reduce anthropogenic emissions to 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045 as mandated by AB 1279.
7 AB 1279 defines net zero GHG emissions as “emissions of GHGs, as defined in subdivision (g) of Section 38505, to the atmosphere are balanced by removals of GHG emissions over a period of time, as determined by CARB.” California Health and Safety Code Section 38562.2.

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 19 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final

4.3.2 Regional Targets
Senate Bill 375/Southern California Association of Governments’ (SCAG) Regional Transportation Plan:
• By 2035, reduce GHG emissions from light-duty vehicles by 19 percent per capita, below a 2005 baseline.
• By 2040, reduce GHG emissions from light-duty vehicles by 21 percent per capita, below a 2005 baseline.

4.4 Target Considerations
Figure 11 illustrates where the City’s community emissions targets would be for 2030 and 2045 if they were aligned with the state targets of reducing emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045. The 2030 and 2045 state-aligned targets equate to reductions of 42% and 86% from a 2010 baseline, respectively. As the figure indicates, the Adjusted BAU Forecast, which accounts for the existing RPS and State vehicle efficiency standards, indicates the City would be close to meeting a state-aligned 2030 target with a relatively small contribution from local reduction measures. To reach a 2045 target aligned with the statewide goal, a much bigger reduction would be needed, but one can reasonably expect large reductions resulting from additional state actions and technological advances in the transportation and energy sectors that have not yet been accounted for over this longer time span.

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 20 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 11
GHG Emissions Targets Aligned with State Mandates
100,000
90,000 BAU Forecast
r---------~~-=-~--------------------------------------- 80,000 70,000
60,000
50,000 ••••· .... .... 40,000 •••··
Adjusted BAU F
·····• 1'a.1a ·•.;••t rre ·······'!d
orecast
30,000
20,000
••••···
:
---------~-----------~-------------------~------------~------~~·~-~-~·:: ••••••••• 2045 Target •••••·· .... ••••·· 10,000
0 2010 2015
Non-Residential Energy
- solid Waste
- Water
2020 2025
Residential Energy
- SLCP
- Wastewater
2030 2035 2040 2045
- On-Road Transportation
- Off-Road Equipment
- - BAU Forecast

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 21 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final

4.5 Scenario Development
The Existing Conditions and Policy Gap Analysis indicates that the City has made progress in reducing emissions since 2010 through a variety of plans, policies, and programs focusing on the transportation, energy, solid waste, water, and land use sectors, putting the City in an excellent position to achieve reductions in line with the State’s 2030 target.

Figure 12 provides a pie chart of the City’s 2030 emissions forecast, showing the breakdown by sector. This chart indicates that the sectors with the largest potential for emissions reduction are on-road transportation, natural gas used in residential and commercial buildings, and electricity used in residential and commercial buildings. Combined, these sectors represent approximately 88 percent of the City’s total 2030 Adjusted BAU emissions. Programs or measures targeting the remaining sectors – solid waste disposal, off-road transportation, and water consumption – have less potential to reduce overall emissions as these sectors contribute approximately 12 percent to the 2030 forecast in total.

For scenario development, ESA used a wedge analysis8 tool to examine emissions reductions from the following high-level strategies:
a. Green the electricity supply: This strategy reduces emissions from electricity used by buildings, for lighting, and water conveyance by increasing the percentage of power being 8 A wedge analysis is a means of comparing the future expected GHG emissions with the potential reductions available over time through various emission reduction pathways and strategies.

SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 12
2030 Adjusted BAU Emissions Forecast
Water
4%
Non-residential
natural gas
6%
Off-road
equipment
3%
Residential
natural gas
14%
Non-residential
electricity
7%
Residential
electricity
6%
SLCP
On-road
transportation
50%

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 22 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
supplied by renewable (zero-carbon) electricity. The installation of local solar PV systems is also a viable strategy for greening the electricity supply, and in combination with microgrids or battery storage systems helps even out electricity supply/demand fluctuations and increases community resilience to power grid outages.
b. Electrify buildings: This strategy reduces emissions from the consumption of natural gas by shifting the energy use to electricity, which has a lower carbon footprint, particularly when paired with the use of low- or zero-carbon electricity. The clearest opportunity for electrification is with new buildings. Increasingly in California, cities are requiring or promoting electrification of new buildings and major renovations through their local building codes. Electrification of existing buildings is more challenging, but cities can promote the electrification of household appliances and heating systems through education and financial incentives.
c. Electrify transportation: This strategy reduces emissions from on-road vehicles, by far the biggest contributor to the City’s 2030 emissions forecast. California is the national leader in developing policies and infrastructure that support a shift to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), which include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in battery vehicles (PEVs), and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs). In January 2018, Governor Brown signed Executive Order B-48-18, setting ambitious targets of 200 hydrogen fueling stations and 250,000 electric vehicle chargers to support 1.5 million zero-emission vehicles ZEVs on California roads by 2025, and a target of 5 million ZEVs by 2030, which represents approximately 17% of the statewide fleet. In November 2020, Governor Newsom signed Executive Order N-79- 20, setting the following targets for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs):
• By 2035, 100 percent ZEV sales for new passenger vehicles and 100% ZEV operations for drayage trucks and off-road vehicles and equipment. • By 2045, 100 percent ZEV operations for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, where feasible.

In its first Mobile Source Strategy (2015), CARB laid out a plan for achieving the goal of having 5 million light-duty ZEVs on the road by 2030. Under Senate Bill 44 (September 2019), CARB was directed to update the Mobile Source Strategy every five years and to set reasonable and achievable goals for reducing emissions from medium and heavy-duty vehicles by 2030 and 2050, consistent with the State’s overall goals for GHGs and criteria air pollutants. In October 2021, CARB approved for publication the 2020 Mobile Source Strategy, examining scenarios and input factors (e.g., ZEV sales) needed to reach the targets of EO N-79-20. The 2020 MSS concludes that 8 million ZEVs, representing 29% of the statewide fleet, could be on the road by 2030 under optimal policy and market conditions.9 It also determined that meeting the targets of EO N-79-20 would result, by 2045, in 85 percent of passenger vehicles being ZEVs and PHEVs, and 77 percent of the heavy-duty fleet being ZEVs. According to a 2020 report by the Center for Biological Diversity, meeting the targets of Executive Order N-79-20 would result in 27.9 million 9 California Energy Commission, 2020, Assembly Bill 2127 Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Assessment (Staff Report), January 2021, CEC-600-2021-001, available at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-andtopics/programs/electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-assessment-ab-2127

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 23 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
ZEVs on the road by 2050, which is estimated to be approximately 85% of the future statewide fleet.10
Meanwhile. The availability of new vehicle models, improved battery storage, and increased availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, coupled with incentives such as carpool lane access stickers, federal tax credits, and state and air district rebates have contributed to an expanding market for PEVs in California, and the emergence of companies like Tesla that are changing the automotive industry. Concurrently, many of the largest vehicle manufacturers, including General Motors and Ford, have announced commitments to stop selling fossil-fueled vehicles within the next 15 years. On a macroeconomic scale, the City’s actions have no bearing on these market trends; however, the shift to ZEVs locally can occur faster with support for additional EV charging and hydrogen fueling stations, preferential parking for ZEVs, and continued purchases of ZEV fleet vehicles by the City government.
a. Improve energy efficiency of existing buildings: With new buildings generally expected to be highly energy efficient due to increasingly stringent building codes (e.g., Title 24), this strategy focuses on existing buildings and reduces emissions from electricity and natural gas used by reducing the energy needed for heating, lighting, cooking, and for operating pluggedin equipment and machinery. Focusing on older buildings, particularly those built before 1978, is typically a cost-effective strategy for improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings. Energy loads during periods of extreme heat can be reduced by using cool roofs and pavements.
b. Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT): This strategy reduces emissions from on-road vehicles by reducing vehicle trips and overall miles traveled. Reducing VMT is a major state goal as well as a major objective of the SCAG’s Regional Transportation Plan and Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), which integrates regional land use, housing, and transportation strategies that are geared towards reducing vehicle trips and increasing active transportation modes like walking and bicycling. Reducing VMT is a worthy objective, but it has historically proven to be difficult to achieve. Local communities, which control their own land uses, are expected to do their part through support of public transit, and through land use planning that emphasizes access to transit and reduces the need for vehicular travel through density increases, support for a mix of uses, and safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure. Other strategies that help reduce VMT include parking strategies such as pricing and amending zoning codes to reduce requirements in new development projects, support for employer transportation demand management (TDM) programs, and support for programs that increase car sharing, bike sharing, and ride sharing. c. Strive for zero waste: This strategy reduces emissions from landfill decomposition of organic waste by reducing the amount of waste sent to the landfill. The City has strong policies and programs in place to support waste minimization and recycling, including a food waste recycling program offered to both businesses and residents and regulations that reduce 10 Center for Biological Diversity, 2020, All-Electric Drive: How California’s Climate Success Depends On ZeroEmission Vehicles, December, Available at:
https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/climate_law_institute/pdfs/All-Electric-Drive-California-zeroemissions-vehicles-report.pdf

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 24 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
the use of single-use plastics in the community. Solid waste disposal represents 3 percent of the City’s 2030 Adjusted BAU forecast. Relative to strategies aimed at transportation and building energy, the GHG reduction opportunity represented by solid waste diversion is limited.
d. Conserve water: This strategy reduces emissions associated with the energy needed to treat and deliver water to the City’s end consumers, by reducing the amount of water consumed in the City. The City has strong policy support for conservation and use of reclaimed water along with a conservation ordinance to reduce water waste and impose drought restrictions upon declaration of a water shortage. Water use represents only 4 percent of the City’s 2030 Adjusted BAU forecast. Relative to strategies aimed at transportation and building energy, opportunities for reducing emissions associated with water consumption are limited. e. Local carbon sequestration projects: Local carbon sequestration can be accomplished through tree planting, which has co-benefits for air quality, heat mitigation, and wildlife habitat, as well as providing aesthetic benefits. The carbon reduction potential of local sequestration projects tends to be relatively low due to natural limitations on scale. f. Carbon offset projects: A carbon offset credit represents the reduction, removal, or avoidance of GHG emissions that result from a project occurring elsewhere, but for which the emissions reduction credit is owned by its purchaser. A valid carbon offset meets stringent criteria for being real, additional, quantifiable, and permanent, and is verified by a third party.

Carbon offsets are commonly used by private companies, and sometimes by public agencies, to achieve reduction targets once opportunities to directly reduce operational emissions are no longer feasible or economically viable.

4.5.1 Scenarios to Achieve a State-Aligned Target for 2030 A relatively small contribution from local policies and programs will likely be enough to achieve a state-aligned 2030 target; major new initiatives may not be needed. However, achieving a longer-term target consistent with the State’s 2045 goal will be a much bigger challenge for the City, requiring major shifts in how the community harnesses and uses energy for buildings and transportation.

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 25 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
Scenario 1a: Energy Focus
This scenario relies largely on the City’s residents
and businesses committing to purchasing 100%
carbon-free electricity (100% Green Power)
through the year 2030, and for 50 percent of new
homes built from now through 2030 to be
constructed as fully electric (i.e., no natural gas).

It includes the conservative assumption that
electric vehicles will make up about 5.8% of the
light-duty vehicle fleet in 2030, which has been a
default assumption used by CARB in recent
years11 and is much lower than indicated by
California’s current policy framework.

Sector 2030 Objectives
Building Energy • 95% Carbon-free electricity for residential and commercial buildings • 50% electrification of new homes
• 20% electrification of existing homes
• 50% electrification of new non-residential
• 20% electrification of existing non-residential
On-road Transportation NA
Off-road Transportation NA
Solid Waste NA
Water NA
11 EMFAC2021 uses assumptions of 5.8% EVs and 2.5% PHEVs by 2030. 100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
N
.
a
u 50,000 I-
:;
40,000
30,000
Z0,000
10,000
2010 2015
■ Non-Residential Energy
■ SLCP
2020
2030 Reductions by Strategy
Building Electrification
24%
BAU ForacilSt
2025
Carbon-Free
Electricity
76%
Residential Energy ■ On-Road Transportation ■ Solid Waste ■ Off-Road Transportation ■ Water ■ Wastewater

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 26 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 13
Scenario 1a Emissions
Scenario 1b: Transportation Focus
This scenario emphasizes the transition to ZEVs that
we can reasonably expect given California’s recent
policy and regulatory developments. It bases its
transportation emissions forecast on meeting the 2015
Mobile Source Strategy goal of 5 million ZEVs on the
road statewide by 2030. It also assumes a modest
reduction in VMT. This strategy de-emphasizes the
reliance on carbon-free electricity assuming
electricity in 2030 will be 60 percent carbon-free, in
line with the State RPS. It also assumes no
electrification of new or existing buildings.

Sector 2030 Objectives
Building Energy 60% Carbon-free electricity for residential and commercial buildings On-road Transportation 17% of local vehicles are ZEVs
2% reduction in VMT
Off-road Transportation NA
Solid Waste NA
Water NA
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
.
z 50,000 l=
:;;
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
2010
■ Non-Residential Energy Residential Energy
■ SLCP ■ Off-Road Transportation
2030 Reductions by Strategy
Electrify
t ransportationj
48%
■ On-Road Transportation
Water
ReduceVMT
6%
BAU Forecast
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
Carbon-Free
Electricity
46%

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 27 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 14
Scenario 1b Emissions
Scenario 1c: Balanced Energy and
Transportation
This scenario balances the assumptions used in
Scenarios 1a and 1b, striving for a pragmatic
mix of contributions from the energy and
transportation sectors that allow for some opting
out of 100% clean energy, and a less aggressive
local update of ZEVs. It also relies on modest
objectives for building decarbonization and
modest reductions from the off-road and solid
waste sectors.

Sector 2030 Objectives
Building Energy 100% Carbon-free electricity for residential and commercial buildings 20% electrification of new homes
0% electrification of existing homes
On-road Transportation 10% of local vehicles are ZEVs
1% reduction in VMT
Off-road Transportation 10% reduction in off-road emissions Solid Waste 10% reduction in waste sent to landfill
Water NA
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
.
z 50,000 I=
:;
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
2010 2015
■ Non-Residential Energy
SLCP
2030 Reductions by Strategy
Waste Reduction
2020
Electnfy
transportat10
29%
Energy
Efficiency --......._ ,..
3% -- Building
Electrification

0.4%
Residential Energy ■ on-Road Transportation
■ Off-Road Transportation ■ Water
BAU Forecast
202,
Carbon-Free
Electricity
61%
Solid Waste
■ Wastewater

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 28 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 15
Scenario 1c Emissions

4.5.2 Scenarios to Achieve a State-Aligned Target for 2045 Achieving a State-aligned target for 2045 will require mass electrification of the building and onroad transportation sectors, along with an ongoing commitment to 100% carbon-free electricity.

Additional contributions would be needed from the solid waste and off-road transportation sectors.

Scenario 2a: Energy Focus
This scenario assumes the City’s residents and
businesses will maintain their commitment to
purchasing 100% carbon-free electricity through
the year 2045, and that natural gas will be
phased out for all buildings by that time. It
includes a reasonable assumption that ZEVs
(powered by clean electricity) will make up 60%
of all on-road vehicle travel in 2045, and that
total VMT will be reduced by 16%. This
scenario also assumes a 75% reduction in
emissions from solid waste and off-road
transportation sources.

Sector 2045 Objectives
Building Energy 100% Carbon-free electricity for residential and commercial buildings 100% electrification of new and existing residential and commercial buildings On-road Transportation 60% of local vehicles are ZEVs
16% reduction in VMT
Off-road Transportation 75% reduction in off-road emissions Solid Waste 75% reduction in waste sent to landfill
Water NA
13%
2045 Reductions by Strategy
Waste Reduction
4%
Building
Electrification
38%

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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 16
Scenario 2a Emissions
Scenario 2b: Transportation Focus
This scenario assumes the transition to ZEVs
will be mostly complete by 2045,
representing 90% of all on-road vehicle
travel. VMT would be reduced by 30%. As
with Scenario 2a, electricity would be 100%
carbon-free in 2045, but building
electrification would not be complete, with
25% of new buildings and 50% of existing
buildings still using natural gas. Existing
building energy efficiency would also be
improved through energy retrofits. This
scenario also assumes an 80% reduction in
off-road transportation emissions and a 20%
reduction in solid waste sent to landfill.

Sector 2045 Objectives
Building Energy 100% Carbon-free electricity for residential and commercial buildings 75% electrification of new homes and nonresidential buildings 50% electrification of existing homes and nonresidential buildings 20% of existing buildings perform energy retrofits
On-road Transportation 90% of local vehicles are ZEVs
30% reduction in VMT
Off-road Transportation 80% reduction in off-road emissions Solid Waste 20% reduction in waste sent to landfill
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
.
s 50,000 :.
:;
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
r --------,_--;_c: -------------------------------------------------------~~~-~~~:_c_a~~ ------------------------------------------------------------- 2010
■ Non-Residential Energy Residential Energy
■ SLCP ■ Off-Road Transportation
■ on-Road Transportation
Water
Target Trend
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
2045 Reductions by Strategy
Waste Reduction
1% Building
Electrification
19%
Energy
1%

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Water NA
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 17
Scenario 2b Emissions
Scenario 2c: Balanced Energy and Transportation
This scenario balances the assumptions used
in Scenarios 2a and 2b, striving for a mix of
contributions from the energy and
transportation sectors. It allows for some use
of building natural gas and assumes ZEVs will
represent 60% of all on-road vehicle travel,
while total VMT will be reduced by 10%. As
with Scenario 2a, this scenario assumes a 75%
reduction in emissions from solid waste and
off-road transportation sources.

Sector 2045 Objectives
Building Energy 100% carbon-free electricity for residential and commercial buildings 80% electrification of new homes and nonresidential buildings 75% electrification of existing homes and 60% of nonresidential buildings 60% of existing buildings perform energy retrofits
On-road Transportation 75% of local vehicles are ZEVs
20% reduction in VMT
Off-road Transportation 75% reduction in off-road emissions Solid Waste 75% reduction in waste sent to landfill
Water NA
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
N
.
0 u 50,000 ....
:, 40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
2010
■ Non-Residential Energy Residential Energy
■ SLCP ■ Off-Road Transportation
BAU Forecast
■ On-Road Transportation
Water
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
2045 Reductions by Strategy
Waste Reduction
4% ----c::a....,
Reduce VMT ____...;
16% Building
Electrification
27%
Energy
Efficiency
1%

4. Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies City of Maywood 31 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 Final
SOURCE: ESA, 2023 Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 18
Scenario 2c Emissions
.
s
le
::;;
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
■ Non•Residential Energy
SLCP
Residential Energy
■ Off•Road Transportation
■ on-Road Transportation
Water
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater

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SECTION 5
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment

5.1 Overview and Climate Change Projections
There is scientific consensus that human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the primary cause of global climate change. GHGs trap heat in the atmosphere and lead to increased warming over time, which leads to other changes in the earth systems including changing climate patterns of rainfall and snow, melting of glaciers and ice, and ocean warming. As GHG emissions are driven by land uses and patterns, economic systems, transportation and energy systems, and other social and political factors, climate scientists cannot be certain of how emissions will change in the future.

The extent of climate change largely depends on how successfully the global community can reduce emissions over the next several decades. However, projected trends created from global climate models can simulate climate conditions in the past and the future and can help analyze how climate conditions may change (or not change) based on different emissions scenarios.

GHG emission scenarios are used to understand a range of potential climate projections. For planning purposes, these typically include both a higher emissions scenario and a lower emissions scenario. A higher emissions scenario, or business-as-usual, is where emissions continue to rise along with population growth through mid-century (2050) and plateau around 2100, while a lower-emissions scenario is where emissions peak around mid-century then decline as a result of global efforts to reduce them.

For purposes of assessing the potential impacts or risks associated with climate change, this document generally considers data and forecasts that represent an average climate model for the higher emissions (business-as-usual) scenario. It also considers the components of climate change to assess vulnerability, including exposure, sensitivity and impact, and adaptive capacity.

5.1.1 Risks and Vulnerabilities
In the City of Maywood, the changing climate is expected to result in more extreme heat, worsening air pollution from increases in regional wildfires and smoke, more intense storming and inland flooding, drought, and exacerbated conditions for vector-borne diseases. • Under a high emissions scenario, maximum temperatures are expected to increase up to 11°F by 2100. Extreme heat days are expected to increase in duration, from 3 days per year historically to 61 days. Extreme heat events will increase risks of heat-related illnesses and mortality, increase costs for cooling, and health care, and increase demand for critical infrastructure (e.g., backup power, emergency services).

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• Pollution burden in Maywood is
disproportionately high compared to other
communities in the state. Factors that
contribute to the pollution burden in Maywood
include diesel PM (90th percentile) and
particulate matter (PM 2.5) (85th percentile)
and in the 50th percentile for ground-level
ozone. Air pollution affects the health of
respiratory and cardiovascular systems and
contributes to low birth weight and cancer.
• Maywood is not in a designated flooding
hazard zone for 100-year or 500-year floods,
however, there is potential for localized
flooding impacts to occur from less severe
storms. Flooding poses a hazard to roads,
buildings and homes, and emergency response
services.
• Maywood relies primarily on groundwater for
drinking water. Future conditions are likely to
exacerbate drought conditions and reduce
groundwater recharge, putting pressure on the
availability and quality of groundwater
resources. Dry spells are expected to increase
in duration, up to 209 days per year by 2100.
• While dry spells will increase and rainfall is
expected to occur less frequently, the intensity
of rainfall during those events is expected to
increase. Annual average rainfall is expected
to increase from 19 inches up to 22 inches by
2100. Drought affects costs for water, food,
recreation, and landscaping, and puts stress on
trees, plants, and wildlife. Droughts also create
more favorable conditions for wildfires to
occur.
• Climate change impacts on the weather and environment are likely to create more suitable conditions for vector-borne diseases such as West Nile Virus and the Zika Virus. Such diseases can impact all people, however, seniors, individuals with existing health conditions, and individuals lacking health insurance are more vulnerable. • Critical infrastructure in Maywood may be vulnerable to power outages and flood impacts that can result from extreme heat events and storms. This includes Maywood’s public buildings, health care facilities, schools, utilities, infrastructure, and others that help provide service to the community, including water, wastewater treatment, energy, and emergency response, among others.
• Vulnerable populations and factors in Maywood include:
– Seniors (9%)
– Low income (21%)
Components of Climate
Change Vulnerability
The impacts of climate change hazards
depend on how vulnerable a community is,
including its population and infrastructure,
and the extent to which a community has
the resources to adapt and be resilient. As
such, climate change vulnerability
considers the exposure and sensitivity of
populations and infrastructure to climate
change hazards.

Exposure is the presence of people,
infrastructure, natural systems, and
economic, cultural, and social resources in
areas that are subject to harm.

Sensitivity describes the degree to which
an asset such as a community, a physical
asset or a natural system would be affected
by changing climate conditions.

Impact refers to the specific negative result
of a climate change effect.

Vulnerability refers to the degree of
susceptibility to climate change exposure
and impacts on populations, facilities,
systems and services.

Adaptive Capacity refers to the ability of
community populations and physical assets
to adjust to climate change stressors and
cope with the consequences. Adaptive
capacity can be provided through physical
design (e.g., back-up generator), or it can
take the form of policies, plans, programs,
governance, or institutions.

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– Renters (73%)
– Unemployed/underemployed (4%)
– Disabled (6%)
– Children under age 5 (8%)
– Immigrants and undocumented (45%)
– People of color/non-white (97%)
– Single heads of household (24%)
– Homeless (in 2020, 47 persons were experiencing homelessness) – Lacking health insurance (16%)
– Lacking vehicle access/ownership (15%)
– Experience low-income homeowner housing burden (14%)
– High pollution burden (94th percentile)

5.2 Assessing Climate Change Impacts
This high-level assessment provides a review of the City’s physical, environmental, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities to climate change based on available public data and technical studies. It examines the exposure and vulnerability of the City’s critical assets to climate change impacts, summarizes the current understanding of the City’s capacity to adapt to those impacts, and identifies adaptation planning gaps.

5.2.1 Risk and Onset
Some climate change impacts, such as extreme heat, are already part of the lived experience of residents in Maywood. Other impacts such as extreme storms occur less frequently, and the consequences may not be experienced for a number of years. The certainty that scientists have about the intensity and timing of climate change impacts varies by hazard.

5.2.2 Shocks and Stressors
Climate change impacts can be felt through sudden or acute events, such as flooding or heat waves, that pose threats to community populations and critical infrastructure. These types of short-term, intense impacts can be thought of as “shocks.” However, climate change can also result in long-term chronic impacts, or “stressors” that can weaken natural and built systems and resources, and exacerbate inequity, homelessness, and an aging infrastructure. Stressors can worsen the effects of shocks and make it more difficult for a community to adapt to climate change.

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5.3 Vulnerability Assessment

5.3.1 Vulnerable Populations
Vulnerable communities experience heightened risk and increased sensitivity to climate change and have less capacity and fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from climate impacts. These disproportionate effects are caused by physical (built and environmental), social, political, and/or economic factor(s), which are exacerbated by climate change. Contributing factors include, but are not limited to, race, class, sexual orientation and identification, national origin, and income inequality (ICARP, 2021). Additionally, historic inequity in land use and zoning policies, underinvestment in vulnerable communities, and lack of meaningful engagement in planning and policy making have created disparities in how prepared communities are to adapt to the impacts of climate change (APEN, 2019). Many individuals experience multiple and intersecting vulnerabilities which can put them particularly at risk with regard to climate change.

For example, black and Hispanic mothers are more likely to be single heads of household and are also more likely to be low-income, live in flood-prone areas, and have health issues that can be exacerbated by climate change.

The health-related impacts of climate change fall hardest on populations who are most vulnerable to those impacts, including the elderly, children under five, those living in poverty, or most exposed to the physical impacts of climate change. In terms of public health, climate change vulnerability is a function of an individual or a community’s ability to respond and adapt to climate stressors, which in turn is dependent on socioeconomic characteristics and underlying health and physical abilities.

The most vulnerable communities across Maywood include the elderly, children, low-income families, families burdened by high housing costs, linguistically isolated individuals, and individuals who are dependent on public transportation. Additionally, households lacking air conditioning are more vulnerable to the impacts of extreme heat. The paragraphs below describe in more detail why these communities are disproportionally burdened by the impacts of climate change.
• Elderly. Approximately 9.1% of people in Maywood are at least 65 years old, compared to

13.7% in the County and 14.4% in the State (U.S. Census, 2021). Older adults may be less mobile and may have more trouble evacuating in the event of flooding or another climate event. Seniors are also more likely to have a fixed budget, have higher medical costs, and face disabilities. While seniors are more likely to be homeowners, they face greater challenges in maintaining homes and have a greater risk of displacement as they age. • Low Income. Approximately 20.9% of all people in Maywood have an income that is below the poverty level, compared to just 13.9% in the County, and 90.4% of K-12 students are eligible for a free and reduced meal program, compared to 67.8% in the County (U.S. Census, 2021, and HPI, 2022). Incomes tend to decline for seniors, leading to an increased risk of poverty for those over 65. Approximately 17.7% of Maywood seniors live below the poverty line, compared to 13.5% within the County as a whole (U.S. Census, 2021). Low-income households and individuals are more likely to live in inadequate housing and are more likely

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to live in areas that are already disproportionately impacted by pollution, health problems, and natural disasters. Low-income communities have less access to financial resources and are more likely to be uninsured, which makes adaptation and recovery from climate hazards more difficult. Additionally, low-income households often do not have access to quality healthcare or access to vehicles, which can make treating health impacts from hazards and evacuations more difficult.
• Health Insurance. Approximately 16.4% of the population does not have health insurance, compared to 9.1% in the County (U.S. Census, 2021). Having health insurance greatly improves health outcomes by connecting people with the necessary medical care. Individuals without access to healthcare are more vulnerable to the health impacts of extreme heat, poor air quality, flooding, and the mental health impacts of climate change. • Vehicle Access. 15.1% of housing units in Maywood do not have access to a vehicle, compared to 8.6% in the County (U.S. Census, 2021). Having access to a vehicle is critical during and after flooding and other climate emergencies. Households that are dependent on public transportation are more vulnerable during climate emergencies as it may impact their ability to evacuate.
• Low-Income Homeowner Housing Burden. Compared to the County as a whole, where

13.7% of low-income homeowners spend more than 50% of their income on housing costs,

16.8% of low-income homeowners in Maywood do so (HPI, 2021). High housing costs and housing instability reduce a household’s access to financial resources and may make a household more likely to be uninsured, all of which make adaptation and recovery from coastal hazards more difficult.
• Renters. Approximately 72.7% of units are renter-occupied, compared to 53.5% in the County. Renters, and low-income renters especially, have a reduced ability to prepare homes and properties for climate change. Low-income renters often spend a disproportionate amount of their income on housing costs and are at an increased risk of displacement during natural disasters. Renters also do not have access to information regarding the flood risk of rented properties and often do not have insurance to cover losses from natural disasters (HPI, 2020). • Unemployed/Underemployed. 3.8% of Maywood’s labor force (age 16 years and over) is unemployed, which is slightly lower than the County at 4.5% (U.S. Census, 2021).

Unemployed or under-employed individuals may be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change as they may have less access to financial resources to help with the prevention of, adaptation to, and recovery to impacts.
• People with Disabilities. The Census Bureau defines disabilities as long-lasting physical, mental, or emotional conditions or impairments. 5.9% of Maywood’s population has some form of disability (compared to 10.1% in the County), the most common of which are an independent living difficulty (3.9%), ambulatory (3.8%), cognitive difficulty (2.5%), and a self-care difficulty (2.1%) (U.S. Census, 2021). Most persons with disabilities are over 65 years of age (68.8%), followed by those that are 35 to 64 years (5.7%). Individuals with disabilities may experience the effects of climate change more intensely than other groups due to discrimination, marginalization, and other social and economic factors. Additionally,

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certain disabilities may prevent individuals from being mobile, which may impact their ability to evacuate in the event of hazardous events, such as flooding. • Children. 7.8% of the population in Maywood are under 5 years of age, compared to 5.7% in the County (U.S. Census, 2021). Children under the age of 5 are particularly affected by heat waves, pollution, undernutrition, vector-borne diseases, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases due to anatomical, cognitive immunological, and psychological differences between children and adults (Lawrence et al., 2018). • Linguistically Isolated Households. Approximately 24.9% of households within Maywood do not have an adult that speaks English well; the percent of linguistically isolated households in Maywood is greater than 94% of other communities statewide (OEHHA, 2021). Households without an English speaker at home are considered to be linguistically isolated and may have more difficulty accessing evacuation information. Linguistic isolation can increase vulnerability during climate events as people may have more difficulty navigating hazards, emergency resources, and evacuations. • Immigrants and Undocumented Individuals. Undocumented individuals and immigrants are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to many intersecting vulnerabilities. Immigrants are disproportionately affected by racial discrimination, are often linguistically isolated, and are less likely to have access to economic and social stability and safety nets. Additionally, undocumented immigrants are more likely to live in substandard housing, live in areas vulnerable to flooding and other environmental hazards, and are often left behind by emergency management and natural disaster recovery resources (Mendez, 2020). In Maywood, approximately 45% of residents are foreign-born (LA County, 2018). • Communities of color (Non-white). 97.4% of Maywood’s population identifies as Hispanic or Latino of any race (80.9% are Mexican) and 0.7% of the population identifies as “White alone” (U.S. Census, 2021). Communities of color experience disproportionate impacts from environmental hazards and health impacts, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and low birth weights. Racism, underinvestment in communities of color, and historic inequities in land use decisions have allowed communities of color to be more likely to live in areas that are impacted by heavy pollution, flood-prone, and lack green space and also be more likely to have lower income levels, lack access to quality healthcare and insurance, and have pre-existing health concerns. Climate change will exacerbate existing inequities for communities of color (PHASoCal, 2022; Cho, 2020).
• Single Heads of Household. 24.2% of households in Maywood are led by a single parent, similar to LA County at 25.2% (PHASoCal, 2022). Households led by a single parent are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change as they have only one wage earner to support household financial needs and only one parent to perform family and house care duties. In addition, households led by a single female are particularly vulnerable due to the gender wage gap (PHASoCal, 2022).
• Homeless. Homeless individuals are more exposed to extreme heat, air pollution, and flooding and are at an increased risk for dehydration, sunburn, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as displacement. Homeless individuals are also less likely to have access to

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healthcare, financial resources, or reliable transportation. In January 2020 there were 47 homeless people in Maywood (City of Maywood, 2022).
• Incarcerated. Maywood has a higher incarceration rate at 453 per 100,000 people compared to the County (405 per 100,000) and the State (312 per 100,000). The percentile for Maywood is 80.4, meaning the rate of incarceration is greater than 80% of other cities statewide (PHASoCal, 2022). Incarcerated populations are at an increased risk of the impacts of climate change as they are extremely limited in their ability to adapt. Additionally, families with a family member that is incarcerated may have a reduced capacity to adapt to climate change due to the potential loss of income and the financial burden of legal fees. • Communities with High Pollution Burden. Maywood experiences a greater pollution burden than almost 94% of communities across the state, due to high levels of existing pollution air pollution, lead, and toxic releases that create unhealthy and hazardous conditions for nearby communities (OEHHA, 2021). Communities living with high levels of pollution burden are more likely to be impacted by associated health issues such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, communities living with high levels of existing pollution burden are very vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change.

5.3.2 Buildings and Critical Infrastructure
Critical infrastructure includes the systems, buildings, and physical infrastructure that are essential to the functioning of the City and includes public facilities that are used to coordinate human resources and equipment during hazard response and recovery. Such facilities include city buildings and offices, public buildings and libraries, parks, schools, wastewater treatment plants and sewer lines, public works yards, water infrastructure such as reservoirs and groundwater wells, hospitals, schools, and energy infrastructure such as transmission lines and emergency generators. Critical infrastructure also includes telecommunications infrastructure, cooling centers, police and fire stations, emergency operations centers, and evacuation shelters. City facilities and offices such as utility locations, and traffic signals are also considered critical and essential facilities. Utilities and related infrastructure are considered critical as they provide community services – potable water supply, wastewater treatment, fire suppression, natural gas supply, and emergency response, among others.

Maywood has several facilities and infrastructure, shown in Table 6, that are considered critical due to their service to the community and may be vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

TABLE 6

MAYWOOD CRITICAL ASSETS
Critical Asset Address Facility Type
City Hall and Council Chambers 4319 E. Slauson Ave City Administration Maywood City Yard 5600 Heliotrope Ave City Administration/Public Works LA County Sheriff’s Substation 4319 E. Slauson Ave Emergency Response Maywood Park and YMCA 4801 E. 58th St Community Resource/Parks and Recreation

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Cesar Chavez Librarya 4323 Slauson Ave Community Resource/Parks and Recreation Benito Juarez Park 5515 Maywood Ave Parks and Recreation Pixley Park 3626 E 56th St Parks and Recreation
Pine Avenue Park 5313 Pine Ave Parks and Recreation
Riverfront Park 5000 Slauson Ave Parks and Recreation
Fishburn Ave Elementary School 5701 Fishburn Ave School Maywood Elementary School 5200 Cudahy Ave School
Heliotrope Ave Elementary School 5911 Woodlawn Ave School Loma Vista Elementary School 3629 E 58th St School
Maywood Center for Enriched Studies
(MaCES)
5800 King Ave School
Maywood Academy High School 6125 Pine Ave School
Maywood Mutual Water Co. #2 3521 Slauson Ave Utilities
Maywood Mutual Water Co. #3 6151 Heliotrope Ave Utilities NOTE:
a Maywood Cesar Chavez Library is identified as a County Critical Facility within the 2019 County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan.

5.4 Hazards of Concern
Climate change impacts in Maywood will include increasing temperatures, more frequent and prolonged extreme heat days, worsening air quality, longer and more severe droughts, and more extreme storms and flooding. Several tools at the regional and state levels (i.e., Cal-Adapt, GCCOG’s Climate Action Planning Framework, County Climate Vulnerability Assessment, and Hazard Mitigation Plan, SCAG’s Adaptation Planning Framework) describe the type, magnitude, and onset of various local exposures of climate change that can be expected by mid-century and 2100, as predicted through modeling of emissions scenarios. This section considers the effects of climate change on local temperature, local precipitation, drought, and wildfire, as well as the secondary exposure pathways facing Maywood.

5.4.1 Extreme Heat
Forecast
Global temperatures are increasing at a rapid rate with record levels of heat-trapping emissions in the atmosphere and with each decade having warmer conditions than the previous. The top 10 warmest years on record have all occurred since 2010, with 2022 being the 6th warmest year in recorded history (Lindsey and Dahlman, 2023).

Climate change will continue to increase average and maximum temperatures and create a new “normal” for all communities, bringing more intense and frequent extreme heat days that last for a longer period of time. These conditions are likely to be exacerbated by the urban heat island effect, illustrated in Figure 19. The urban heat island effect is influenced by land uses, where more developed areas with buildings, paved roads, and other albedo and impermeable surfaces absorb and re-emit the sun’s heat with greater intensity, resulting in higher daytime and nighttime temperatures. Built-out communities in metropolitan areas, such as Maywood, can experience

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daytime temperatures that are up to 20 °F hotter than outlying areas that are less developed and/or have greater vegetation and forestry (Climate Central, 2021).

SOURCE: Climate Central Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 19
Urban Heat Island Effects
By the end of the century average maximum temperatures in Maywood are expected to increase by 6-11°F, from an average of 75.6 °F up to 87.2 °F (Cal-Adapt, 2021). Historically, Maywood has experienced approximately 3 extreme heat days per year (for Maywood, this is defined as days with maximum temperatures that rise above 97.9 °F). Climate models show this is expected to increase up to 61 extreme heat days per year – this is approximately 20 times greater than historic levels (1961 – 1990).

Anticipated Impacts
Increasing temperatures and greater intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme heat days are likely to impact public health, energy consumption and costs, air pollution, water resources, and vegetation and wildlife. Regarding public health, higher temperatures can cause heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, which can worsen existing health conditions including cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. In severe cases, such as heat stroke, heat events can impact mental health and lead to missed school and workdays, cause stress, aggression, fatigue, confusion, coma, and even death. In the United States, extreme heat is the cause of more deaths per year on average than other weather-related hazards combined (Bedsworth, 2018).

From 2004 to 2018, there were over 10,000 heat-related deaths recorded in the nation (USEPA, 2022). In California, heat-related mortality peaked in a 2006 prolonged heat wave that killed over 600 people and resulted in 1,200 hospitalizations and 16,000 emergency department visits (CNAP, 2015).

NIGHT

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Relating to the energy sector, extreme heat can have cascading impacts on consumption, production, cost, and health. During extreme heat events, it is likely for there to be increased stress on the electrical grid due to the demand for air conditioning, which can cause power outages and increase risk to those that are more vulnerable to heat impacts. Power outages put vulnerable populations such as the elderly and individuals with existing health conditions at further risk as they must go without medical devices, air conditioning, and refrigeration. Power outages can also result in traffic disruptions and cause delays in emergency response. Extreme heat events can also result in higher energy costs due to cooling for homes.

Elevated temperatures can also increase the electricity demand, which can then increase reliance on fossil fuels to meet energy demands. This can result in more concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere that contribute to greater warming. In addition, higher temperatures can increase the rate that other pollutions form, such as ground-level ozone, and contribute to worsening air quality (USEPA, 2022). This can also affect water quality and the availability of water resources. There is potential for greater demand for water during heat events, especially during periods of drought. Additionally, heat can warm water temperatures in natural bodies and stormwater runoff, which can affect water quality and aquatic environments.

There is also a likelihood for prolonged extreme heat conditions to cause stress to vegetation and lead to tree-die-off and the loss or degradation of urban tree canopy, parks, rivers, streams, and lakes. Loss of green spaces and urban forestry can further exacerbate heat impacts from warmer temperatures.

Vulnerabilities
Extreme heat puts vulnerable populations at greater risk of heat-related illnesses and mortality.

This includes Maywood’s population of linguistically isolated individuals (25%), low-income residents (21%), people without health insurance (16%), seniors (9%), children (8%), people with disabilities (6%), and other groups such as those that are chronically ill or homeless. In turn, this places additional stress on emergency services, health care systems, and costs for health care.

In addition, energy infrastructure experiences greater stress during periods of high demand which can impact the regional energy grid and result in power outages. Critical infrastructure such as emergency response facilities, healthcare facilities, and community centers may be vulnerable to extreme heat especially if they do not have backup sources of power. Roads can also be damaged by extreme heat due to softening and melting of asphalt, especially in areas with high traffic volumes. Emergency response facilities are unable to maintain operations if the connections to power or transportation routes between facilities and areas served are damaged or disrupted.

Higher average temperatures and long heat waves can also impact regional water sources by increasing the demand for water and increasing evaporation losses.

Adaptive Capacity
• Positive Factors:
– All residents live within walking distance or a 10-minute walk of a park or open space, which can provide relief during extreme heat events (TPL, 2023).

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– The City has two large parks and recreation areas located on the eastern side of the City (Maywood Park and Riverfront Park).
– The City is collaborating with Amigos de Los Rios to plant 200 trees by 2026, to help with the urban heat island effect, reduce energy consumption, increase urban greening, and contribute to carbon sequestration.
– The City is working with the Gateway Cities COG and SoCalREN on an Energy Resilience Action Plan and a resilience hub opportunity assessment. These projects will identify strategies for increasing energy resilience and identify opportunities for local emergency hubs and cooling centers in the community.
– The City’s housing element includes policies for promoting rehabilitation programs for lower-income property owners, bringing substandard units to compliance with building codes, and increasing open space and recreation spaces within residential neighborhoods. • Negative Factors:
– Maywood tree canopy is limited, with only 12.3% existing canopy (LMU CURes, 2021).

This is lower than LA County’s average (18%).
– The City is mostly built-out and is one of the densest cities in the state, with over 23,955 persons per square mile (SCAG, 2017).
– Approximately 16% of the population does not have health insurance. – Maywood’s impervious surface cover is 73% (compared to 59.3% for the County) (PHASoCal, 2022).

Potential Strategies
Strategies and actions for adapting to and increasing community resilience to extreme heat should focus on improving community access to cooling facilities and amenities, providing cooling for households and public facilities, improving community infrastructure to combat heat, and providing support for vulnerable populations to stay safe from extreme heat hazards. • Increase the albedo (surface reflectivity) of roofs and pavements. • Encourage climate-resilient building designs.
• Designate a cooling center in the community.
• Ensure critical facilities have backup systems or access to backup power. • Collaborate with local/regional healthcare facilities and organizations to improve access to healthcare resources and services for vulnerable populations. • Work with local/regional agencies to promote energy retrofits and increase resilience to weather-related hazards, especially extreme heat in lower-income households. • Continue working with the GCCOG to implement a cooling center or resilience hub program. • Develop and implement an urban heat reduction plan with demonstration projects in vulnerable neighborhoods.
• Promote health and health equity in all plans and programs. • Expand awareness of extreme heat hazards and dangers to vulnerable populations in Maywood.

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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
• Provide educational trainings to community members on hazard response. Consider programs that train residents as first responders to help with more efficient response and recovery. • Seek funding opportunities to continue expanding Maywood’s urban greening program for greater tree canopy.

5.4.2 Air Pollution
Forecast
Communities in Los Angeles have some of the poorest air quality in the country, and climate change is likely to exacerbate these issues. Primary pollutants within the region include diesel particulate matter (diesel PM), ground-level ozone, and particulate matter (PM 2.5), which are expected to increase in concentrations and exacerbate the existing pollution burden (CNRA, 2018; Park et al, 2020). The certainty of worsening air pollution will depend heavily on whether local and regional emissions remain high in the future as well as other factors such as temperature, wind, and the extended extent of wildfires. While wildfires are not likely to occur in Maywood, regional wildfires are expected to increase in frequency and severity in the coming decades and cause worsening air pollution throughout the region due to far-ranging smoke impacts (CNRA, 2018). Additionally, changes in precipitation and temperatures are expected to increase pollen and airborne allergens which may increase allergic reactions and asthma attacks.

Pollution from diesel PM is produced by the exhaust of trucks, buses, trains, ships, and equipment with diesel engines. Concentrations of diesel PM tend to be highest near rail yards and freeways.

Within and near Maywood, 0.59 tons of diesel PM per year are emitted into the air, which is greater than 90% of other communities statewide (OEHHA, 2021). Ozone, which is the main ingredient of smog, is generally produced by trucks, cars, planes, trains, factories, construction, and dry cleaners. Approximately 0.05 parts per million of ozone is emitted yearly, which is greater than almost 50% of other communities statewide (OEHHA 2021).

PM 2.5 refers to small airborne particle pollution consisting of a mix of organic chemicals, dust, soot, and metals, and can be generated from cars, trucks, mining pits, factories, and wood burning. Maywood’s concentration of PM 2.5 is 12.10 micrograms per meter cubed (µg/m3), which is greater than almost 85% of other communities in the state (OEHHA, 2021). Because of the small size of particles in PM2.5, they can travel deep into the lungs and result in health problems such as lung and heart disease.

Anticipated Impacts
Air pollution is already part of the lived experience of the Maywood community, and this will only be exacerbated by increases in temperatures and smoke from regional wildfires. Existing health conditions may be worsened by poor air quality. In addition, worsening air pollution may require sheltering in place, which can impact household income, physical and mental health, and affect school and workdays.

5. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Vulnerabilities
The City as a whole has relatively high levels of diesel PM, particularly in the census tracts near the north and east of the City, making it vulnerable to worsening air quality caused by climate change. Air pollution can affect vulnerable individuals more than others – these include, seniors, children, pregnant individuals, unsheltered or homeless individuals, individuals without health insurance or access to healthcare, and individuals with preexisting health conditions, among others.

Poor air quality has been linked to respiratory conditions such as asthma, pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchitis, and other infections, as well as cardiovascular conditions such as heart disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Poor air quality can also affect cancer and contribute to the low birth weight of infants. Almost 10% of adults in Maywood are affected by asthma, 3% are affected by cancer (excluding skin cancer), and almost 5% are affected by heart disease (CDC 2019). In addition, almost 5% of births in Maywood are low birth weight (OEHHA 2021).

Adaptive Capacity
• Positive Factors:
– The City’s General Plan and Local Roadway Safety Plan policies promote increased access and efficiency of public transportation modes and infrastructure; require lowestemission vehicles and equipment for the City’s fleet; establish a bicycle and pedestrian network, and; provide safety improvements for all transportation modes. – The City is in the process of developing an Active Transportation Plan that will introduce project opportunities for new bike paths, improved bike and pedestrian crossings, wayfinding, traffic calming measures, and enhanced connectivity to the LA River and to the regional bike network (KOA, 2023). These measures will promote active transportation that help to reduce vehicle trips and associated emissions. – The City is collaborating with Amigos de Los Rios to plant 200 trees by 2026, to help with the urban heat island effect, reduce energy consumption, increase urban greening, and contribute to carbon sequestration.
– The SCAQMD has nearby AB 617 programs for Community Emission Reduction Plans and Community Air Monitoring Plans (west of Maywood in Florence/Firestone and South LA, and north of Maywood in East LA/Boyle Heights). • Negative Factors:
– Maywood tree canopy is limited, with only 12.3% existing canopy (LMU CURes, 2021).

This is lower than LA County’s average (18%).
– The city is bounded by I-710 to the east and the industrial City of Vernon to the north.

The I-710 serves as a major freight corridor for the Port of Long Beach, with lots of truck traffic passing on the I-710, as well as directly through Maywood to get to/from Vernon.

5. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Potential Strategies
Strategies to adapt to poor air quality should focus on improving local air quality by reducing mobile pollution sources, increasing access to air filtration, improving indoor air quality, and developing hazard alert systems for those who are most vulnerable to poor air quality. • Provide access to air filtration devices for community members, including home air filters, shelters with filtered air, and air masks.
• Continue to promote EVs and reduce VMT throughout the community. • Identify public facilities, including schools, libraries, and community centers that require repairs/restoration to help improve indoor air quality. • Support programs to retrofit public facilities and housing to improve indoor air quality. • Identify vulnerable populations that are at greatest risk of air pollution exposure. • Participate in AB 617 programs and support community monitoring of air quality levels.

5.4.3 Extreme Storms and Stormwater Flooding
Forecast
Cities in southern California are already experiencing extreme precipitation and storms that deliver intense precipitation over several days. These are expected to increase in frequency and severity in the future. Climate change will also likely worsen inland flooding due to changes in precipitation patterns.

The FEMA’s flood hazard maps show that the City is not in a designated flood hazard zone.

There are no 100-year floodplains or 500-year floodplains within the City.

Anticipated Impacts
An increase in extreme storms and precipitation can result in flooding of streets, roads, and lowlying areas of the city due to insufficient capacity or diminished function of the stormwater drainage system. Flooding can impact important roadways and evacuation routes, which in turn can impact emergency evacuation routes and emergency response times. Flooding of transportation routes may result in specific neighborhoods or households becoming stranded, unable to evacuate or access critical resources, or being reached by emergency response teams.

Additional surface water on roads can also lead to hazardous driving conditions.

Vulnerabilities
Potential vulnerabilities to flooding include population, property, and infrastructure. Low-lying populations are particularly vulnerable, as is low-lying infrastructure, such as roads that provide critical access functions for residents, workers, and emergency responders.

In general, flooding can impact communities by resulting in injury or death, or isolating individuals or families and cutting them off from essential services. Property damage from flooding can be particularly burdensome for low-income families or renters who may face

5. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
City of Maywood 46 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
challenges rebuilding following a flood event. Flooding can also cause mold in buildings, which can result in long-term health impacts.

Adaptive Capacity
• Positive Factors:
– The City’s General Plan contains policies for improving water quality through conservation programs for residents and businesses, encouraging sustainable irrigation systems, water schedules for residents, and using drought-tolerant species for tree plantings and landscaping.
– The City will be updating is Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) in Fall of 2023, which will provide an assessment of hazards and hazard preparedness, and allow the City to access disaster response funds.

Potential Strategies
• Prioritize green infrastructure implementation in areas that are vulnerable to flood and/or where critical infrastructure is older in age and less resilient to flooding hazards. • Develop LHMP with evacuation planning in case of inland flooding events. • Expand programs for water recycling.
• Enhance existing community infrastructure and amenities to protect from extreme storms (public streets, bus shelters, active transportation corridors).

5.4.4 Drought
Forecast
Climate change is expected to exacerbate drought conditions, bringing more frequent and longer periods of dry conditions that could impact water supplies and lead to shortages. Local drought conditions vary across regions depending on location since water sources and conditions vary by community. The City of Maywood relies on groundwater resources, supplied by three water companies (Maywood Water Co. #1, #2, and #3). Maywood is vulnerable to drought conditions due to its Mediterranean climate, low annual levels of precipitation, and dependence on groundwater resources for supply. Although the 2022/2023 rainy season was much wetter than usual, statewide rainfall and snowpack was extremely for several years prior, leading to diminished levels of groundwater. Annual precipitation in Maywood is likely to decrease in the next century and create worsening drought conditions over time.

The shift in global temperatures will increase the likelihood of worsening dry spells, which are periods of dry weather with no precipitation. Dry spells historically (from 1961 to 1990), averaged 160 days (Cal-Adapt, 2021). Precipitation models show the duration of dry spells is expected to increase, up to 196 days by 2050 and up to 209 days by 2100. While this means longer periods without rainfall, rainfall events that do occur are expected to have greater range and intensity, meaning there is a likelihood of more rainfall within shorter periods of time.

Historically, the City saw up to 16 inches of rainfall per year. Annual precipitation levels are expected to increase up to 22 inches by 2100.

5. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
City of Maywood 47 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Figure 20 shows drought conditions for the County from 2010-2023. The map uses 5 categories to show drought conditions, with D0 representing abnormally dry and D4 representing exceptional drought conditions. White spaces represent time periods with no drought conditions.

SOURCE: National Integrated Drought Information System, 2023
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment Figure 20
Los Angeles County Drought Conditions
(2010-2023)
Anticipated Impacts
Prolonged periods of drought can impact water prices, food costs, security, vegetation, and wildlife, and contribute to wildfires and bad air quality. Stress on plant communities and trees can increase susceptibility to pests, diseases, and plant mortality, which creates more suitable conditions for wildfires. Large wildfires can significantly impact air quality and harm human health and may strain emergency response services. For the City of Maywood, which relies on the County of LA for police and fire services, shortages and delays in emergency response could be affected during active wildfires in the region.

Vulnerabilities
Vulnerable populations include low-income households who will be disproportionately affected by increases in water prices. Additionally, individuals who are sensitive to air pollution including outdoor workers and those with chronic illnesses, are indirectly impacted by drought when it contributes to an increase in the frequency and severity of regional wildfires, causing more smoke and bad air quality days.

Physical assets in the City that are vulnerable to drought include parks and urban trees, water supply infrastructure, and groundwater wells used for irrigation and pollutant monitoring. 100%
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5. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
City of Maywood 48 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Adaptive Capacity
• Positive Factors:
– Maywood’s water companies have water conservation restrictions for residents and businesses, including a watering schedule and limits on outdoor watering. – In 2021, the City received approximately $2.7 million for a new groundwater filtration system to improve the removal of contaminants from drinking water. This project benefits residents within the Maywood Water Co. #2 service area (SWRCB 2021). • Negative Factors:
– Maywood is dependent on groundwater resources for its supply; low diversity of supply makes it vulnerable.

Potential Strategies
• Promote water-conserving landscaping for residential and commercial properties that use less water.
– Require new plantings to be drought tolerant; Promote the planting of native species; develop a policy for “right tree, right place” in collaboration with TreePeople or Amigos de Los Rios.
– Work with utilities to provide educational water programs started at reducing water consumption and increasing environmental stewardship for the conservation of water resources.
• Partner with local/regional organizations to identify vulnerabilities relating to food insecurity.

5.4.5 Vector-Borne Diseases
Forecast
Vector-borne diseases result from infections transmitted to humans or other animals, most commonly by arthropods that feed on blood such as mosquitos, ticks, and fleas. Arthropods are considered disease vectors due to their ability to transmit diseases and other pathogens (WHO, 2020). Vector-borne diseases make up more than 17% of all infectious diseases and can be caused by pathogens like parasites, viruses, and bacteria (LA County, 2021). Expected increases in primary climate change impacts like extreme heat, extreme precipitation, and flooding in LA County all create an environment conducive to the proliferation of mosquito populations (SCAG, 2020). In LA County, drought conditions may slow the flow of water in aqueducts and cause the proliferation of stagnant water increasing the breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other vectors (LA County,2021). Each female mosquito can lay hundreds of eggs in stagnant water and these eggs can hatch and develop into adults in five to seven days.

Vulnerabilities
Existing health conditions may be further exacerbated by the presence of disease vectors, like mosquitos and ticks, and vector-borne diseases. The diseases associated with vectors, such as West Nile Virus, are of particular risk for people over 50 and those living with pre-existing health conditions (LA County Public Health, 2022). The disproportionality of high levels of individuals

5. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
City of Maywood 49 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
living without health insurance in Maywood is also of concern regarding vector-borne illnesses as these individuals are less likely to seek care at the onset of symptoms.

Anticipated Impacts
Due to the urban conditions of Maywood vector threats center around mosquito-borne illnesses.

Expected changes in meteorological conditions in LA County are especially favorable for the invasive Aedes species of mosquitos which are already found in most LA communities. Aedes mosquitoes were first documented in LA in 2001 and are known to carry diseases like yellow fever and West Nile virus. Additionally, the LA native Culex mosquito species are known to carry West Nile Virus in the County. Although common conditions of climate change like extreme weather patterns will likely continue to facilitate the spread of mosquitoes, it’s unclear to what extent this will occur in the LA area.

Adaptive Capacity
• Positive Factors:
– Maywood is part of the Greater Los Angeles County Control District Mosquito Watch neighborhood program. This program provides residents with opportunities to learn how to prevent the spread of vectors and vector-borne diseases thereby creating safer neighborhoods.
• Negative Factors:
– The City’s close proximity to the LA River poses an increased risk of vector-borne diseases if water stagnates in the riverbed.

Potential Strategies
• Promote community-level programs to educate residents about the risk of vector-borne diseases and abate stagnant water.
• Collaborate with regional organizations, such as LA County Public Health and Greater LA County Vector Control District, for monitoring vectors and health impacts in the community, in preparation for potential disease breakouts (and during disease breakouts). • Provide residents with resources for education about the prevention and treatment of vectorborne diseases.

City of Maywood 50 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
SECTION 6
Recommendations and Next Steps
This assessment is intended to provide the foundation on which Phase 2 of the CAARP will be completed, which will include the development of detailed emission reduction strategies and quantification and benefits analysis. Additionally, Phase 2 will include further analysis of adaptation strategies based on the assessment of community vulnerabilities and hazards of concern.

6.1 CAARP Organization
The recommended organization of the CAARP to be developed in Phase 2, presented below, builds on the sections presented in this assessment:

Chapter 1: Introduction and Background – City vision, goals, and objectives related to climate change; summary of current climate change science; regulatory and policy setting; discussion of how the CAARP relates to the City’s General Plan and other relevant plans and programs.

Chapter 2: Community Outreach and Engagement – The community engagement strategy for Phase 2 of Maywood’s CAARP will continue to emphasize educating and informing residents and will build on relationships established throughout Phase 1. This approach includes a combination of online surveying, attending in-person events, phone calls, and virtual meetings via Zoom to provide information and collect input from community members.

Chapter 3: GHG Emissions Inventories and Forecasts – A summary of inventory data and emissions forecasts for 2030, 2040, and 2050, and a trend analysis of all sectors and major sources of GHG emissions, if more than one inventory year is available.

Chapter 4: GHG Target(s) and Reduction Strategies – An explanation of the City’s GHG target(s) along with a summary of the reduction strategies and measures needed to achieve them. Detailed presentation of GHG reduction measures will include performance metrics, community co-benefits, City department responsibility and financial commitment, and implementation details including potential partners and funding sources.

Chapter 5: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies – This chapter will include a summary of the City’s climate change vulnerabilities and priority strategies for climate change adaptation, as well as describe the confluence of climate change and public health/equity, and opportunities, risks and challenges associated with reducing community GHGs and adapting to climate change.

6. Recommendations and Next Steps
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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Chapter 6: Implementation and Monitoring – Summary of implementation staffing needs and responsibilities, an implementation timeline including program phasing, potential funding, and financing sources; City’s plan to track and monitor the CAARP’s progress using the GHG Toolkit, including performance indicators and targets for all CAARP measures.

This chapter will also include schedules for internal and public reporting, for updating the community and municipal GHG inventories, and for updating the CAARP in future years.

Appendices – Appendices may include but not be limited to: GHG Inventory Reports, technical aspects of the Climate Change and Vulnerability Risk Assessment, methods and models used to calculate emissions reductions; stakeholder engagement reports and memos; and other technical details.

6.2 GHG Reduction Strategy Development
Section 4 (Recommended GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Priority Mitigation Strategies) presents several scenarios for achieving community GHG reduction targets that align with statewide targets that have been established by SB 32, AB 1279, and CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality (2022 Scoping Plan). Those scenarios demonstrate a range of actions that the City can take to reduce emissions, many of which will complement statewide efforts to decarbonize the building and transportation sectors. The analysis in Section 4 presents a set of different scenarios for achieving the 2030 and 2045 targets, with one focused on energy strategies, one focused on transportation strategies, and third representing a balance of energy and transportation strategies. The scenarios illustrate the range of performance objectives that would have to be met under each of the major strategies considered. Phase 2 of CAARP development will include more in-depth analysis of these strategies to determine feasibility of implementation and to develop detailed reduction estimates based on attainment of specific performance objectives:
• Green the electricity supply
• Electrify buildings
• Electrify transportation
• Improve energy efficiency of existing buildings:
• Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
• Strive for zero waste
• Conserve water
• Local carbon sequestration projects
• Carbon offset projects

6.3 Adaptation Strategy Development
To develop effective adaptation strategies for the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP), we recommend the City perform the following additional assessments to better understand its vulnerabilities to climate change hazards:

6. Recommendations and Next Steps
City of Maywood 52 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
• Engage the public to identify and prioritize community concerns relating to climate change, climate change impacts, and adaptation priorities. Build opportunities to receive feedback from the public on vulnerabilities, hazard maps, and adaptation strategies. • Map critical infrastructure, utilities, and assets in relation to hazards to understand their particular vulnerabilities. Conduct a detailed risk analysis, downscaled from regional studies, for local and nearby infrastructure, especially for flooding for a more accurate assessment. • Map the location of hazardous waste sites in relation to potential flooding and sensitive receptors.
• Develop a local hazard mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to the potential impacts of climate change hazards.
• Develop a more detailed social vulnerability assessment, that looks at populations at risk at the census tract or neighborhood level and provides visual data (maps) or areas in the City where more vulnerable residents live, work, or play. (This would also inform more fully developed adaptation and resilience strategies.)
• Consider a health vulnerability component that looks at the level of vulnerability among the population as it relates to existing health conditions and the risk of increased health impacts. • Create an index of social vulnerability, mapped by census tract, to show areas of the City that have a higher concentration of populations considered more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
• Refine or better define adaptation/resilience strategies for climate change impacts on infrastructure, public health, and critical facilities, including structural and nonstructural measures to address equity, safety, and asset protection. • Identify more targeted funding sources and potential partnerships for implementing adaptation and resilience strategies.
• Develop a more thorough understanding of the City’s Adaptive Capacity regarding each primary climate change hazard.
• Continue regional collaborations with the Gateway Cities COG on energy action planning, resilience hub opportunities, and other initiatives that advance climate action and resilience planning.
• Assess individual sites and buildings to determine vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.

6.4 Potential Funding Opportunities
There are a variety of available and active funding sources that are applicable to the scope of work for Phase 2 of the Maywood CAARP. Table 7 provides a list of potential funding sources for completing the Maywood CAARP. Programs and funding sources for implementing GHG reduction programs are developing rapidly and may change substantially from year to year. This

6. Recommendations and Next Steps
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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
includes but is not limited to the various grant programs that fall under the umbrella of California Climate Investments (funded from Cap-and-Trade revenues), and organizations like Southern California Regional Energy Network (SoCalREN) that provide financial assistance for energy efficiency improvements to residents, businesses, and public agencies.

TABLE 7

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES FOR CLIMATE ACTION, ADAPTATION, AND RESILIENCE PLANNING Source Description Hazards
Caltrans Sustainability
Planning Grant: Climate
Adaptation Planning
Funds for identifying transportation-related climate
vulnerabilities through CAPs and other projects related to climate adaptation and transportation infrastructure.

Climate change impacts on
transportation infrastructure
OPR Adaptation Planning
Grant Program
Funding made available to help fill local, regional, and tribal planning needs especially as they related to
responding to climate impacts. Aims to assist
communities in implementing plans that build
resilience and reduce future risks.

Extreme heat, flooding,
wildfires, drought, extreme
weather events, and sea level
rise
OPR Regional Resilience
Planning and
Implementation Grant
Program
Support for regional projects and plans that improve
regional climate resilience.

Wildfires, sea level rise,
drought, flood, increasing
temperatures, and extreme
heat events.

SGC Community
Resilience Centers Grant
Program
Funding for neighborhood-level resilience centers
creating shelters and resources during climate
emergencies and providing year-round community
strengthening services.

Extreme weather events and
disasters
OPR Community
Resilience and Heat Grant
Program
Program aims to expand projects that mitigate the
impact of heat including heat action plans, shade
structures, and cooling projects.

Extreme heat, urban heat
island
SoCalGas Climate
Adaptation and Resiliency
Grant
Assists local cities in becoming more resilient to
climate hazards, improving climate adaptation, and
mitigating the impacts of hazards.

Extreme heat, wildfires,
drought, subsidence, sea
level rise and flooding
FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grant
Provides annual grants for hazard mitigation planning
and mitigation projects to build community capacity
and capability.

Wildfires, drought, hurricanes,
earthquakes, extreme heat,
and flooding
EPA Climate Pollution
Reduction Grant (CPRG)
Provides funding to develop and implement plans to
reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions.

Air pollution
SCAG Sustainable
Communities Program
Technical assistance program to strengthen
partnerships with local agencies to improve
transportation and land use decisions
GHG emissions, air pollution,
environmental justice
EPA Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Fund
Provides private capital for clean energy and climate
projects that reduce air pollution
Air pollution
California Natural
Resources Agency Urban
Greening Grant Program
Funds projects that reduce GHG emissions by
sequestering carbon, decreasing energy consumption,
and reducing VMT.

Air pollution
California Natural
Resources Agency Urban
Green Infrastructure
Program
Funding for multi-benefit green infrastructure
investments in or benefiting disadvantaged
communities.

GHG emissions, extreme
heat

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Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
SECTION 7
References
Asian Pacific Environmental Network (APEN). 2019. Mapping Resilience: A Blueprint for Thriving in the Face of Climate Disasters. Available online: https://apen4ej.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/10/APEN-Mapping_Resilience-Executive_Summary.pdf.

Bedsworth, Louise, Dan Cayan, Guido Franco, Leah Fisher, Sonya Ziaja. (California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California Energy Commission, California Public Utilities Commission). 2018. Statewide Summary Report.

California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUMCCCA4-2018- 013.

Cal-Adapt. 2018. Climate Tools, Local Climate change Snapshot. Selected indicators for the City of Maywood: Annual Average Maximum Temperature, Extreme Heat Days. Cal-Adapt website developed by University of California at Berkeley’s Geospatial Innovation Facility under contract with the California Energy Commission. Accessed April 2023. Available:
https://cal-adapt.org/.

California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA), 2018. California Fourth Climate Change Assessment, Los Angeles Regional Report. Published September 28, 2018. Available online: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg%20Report-%20SUMCCCA4-2018-007%20LosAngeles_ADA.pdf California-Nevada Climate Applications Program (CNAP). 2015. California Heat Waves. July. https://www.swcasc.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/HeatWaves.pdf.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019. PLACES: Local Data for Better Health. National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA. Accessed July 20, 2022.
https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/22c7182a162d45788dd52a2362f8ed65.

CDC PLACES. 2020. Local Data for Better Health. Selected indicators for the City of Maywood:
asthma, cancers, heart disease. Available:
https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/22c7182a162d45788dd52a2362f8ed65.

Cho, Renee, 2020. Columbia University State of the Planet. “Why Climate Change is an Environmental Justice Issue”. September 22, 2020. Available online:
https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2020/09/22/climate-change-environmental-justice/.

City of Maywood. 2022. Draft CommUNITY General Plan Update, Sixth Cycle (2021 – 2029) Housing Element.

Climate Central. 2021. Hot Zones: Urban Heat Islands, Graphic 2: Heat Island temperature profile. Temperature varies depending on land use. Graphic. July 14, 2021. Available:

7. References
City of Maywood 55 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/1XZZjkLYwtcmKL5k3wEinl/5f8c9b5b2d8dd56e1 bda7f51278fc3d2/2021_UHI_Report.pdf.

Climate Central. 2021. Urban Heat Islands. Climate Matters. July 14, 2021. Available:
https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/urban-heat-islands.

Institute for Local Government (ILG). 2023. Maywood CAARP Phase 1 Public Engagement.

Summary of survey results. June 2, 2023.

Kampgrounds of Ameria (KOA). 2023. City of Maywood Active Transportation Plan, Updated Proposed Treatments & Areas of Opportunity. PowerPoint presentation. July 26, 2023.

Lawrence R. Stanberry, Madeleine C. Thomson, Wilmot James. Prioritizing the needs of children in a changing climate. PLOS Medicine, 2018; 15 (7): e1002627 DOI:

10.1371/journal.pmed.1002627.

Lindsey, Rebecca and Dahlman, LuAnn. 2023. Climate Change: Global Temperature. Published January 18, 2023. Available: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understandingclimate/climate-change-global-temperature.

Los Angeles County (LA County). 2018. City and Community Health Profiles: Maywood. June 2018.

LA County. 2019. All-Hazards Mitigation Plan. Public Draft. Available:
https://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/lac/1062614_AHMPPublicDraft_Oct1.pdf.

LA County. 2021. LA County Climate Vulnerability Assessment. https://ceo.lacounty.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2021/10/LA-County-Climate-Vulnerability-Assessment-1.pdf LA County Public Health. 2022. WNV in Los Angeles County. http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/WNVData.htm
Loyola Marymount University Center of Urban Resilience (LMU CURes) and TreePeople. 2021.

Tree Canopy Map Viewer. Available:
https://academics.lmu.edu/cures/research/greeninfrastructure/treemaps/.

Michael Méndez, Genevieve Flores-Haro, Lucas Zucker, “The (in)visible victims of disaster:

Understanding the vulnerability of undocumented Latino/a and indigenous immigrants,” Geoforum, Volume 116, 2020, Pages 50-62, ISSN 0016-7185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.007.

NIDIS. 2023. Historical Conditions for Los Angeles County.

Available: https://www.drought.gov/location/Maywood%2C%20California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). 2021. CalEnvioScreen 4.0.

Selected Indicators for the City of Maywood. Available:
https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40.

Public Health Alliance of Southern California (PHASoCal). 2022. California Healthy Places Index 3.0. Selected Indicators for the City of Maywood: Students Eligible for Free &

7. References
City of Maywood 56 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Reduced Meal Program (2015 – 2016), Low-Income Homeowner Severe Housing Cost Burden (2013 – 2017),
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 2017. Profile of the City of Maywood.

May 2017. Available: https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/fileattachments/maywood_localprofile.pdf?1606011222.

State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). 2021. State Water Board celebrates City of Maywood’s groundwater filtration system. Media Release. November 18, 2021. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/press_room/press_releases/2021/pr11182021- maywood-groundwater-filtration-system-celebration-ceremony.pdf.

Trust for Public Land (TPL). 2023. ParkScore. City of Maywood. Accessed April 2023.

Available: https://www.tpl.org/parkscore.

United States Census Bureau (U.S. Census). 2021. American Community Survey (ACS) 2021 5- Year Estimates Subject Tables. Selected Tables for the City of Maywood: S0101 Age and Sex, DP03 Selected Economic Characteristics, DP04 Selected Housing Characteristics, S1810 Disability Characteristics. Available:
https://data.census.gov/table?q=S0101&g=160XX00US0646492&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S01

01. United States Drought Monitor (USDM). 2023. Drought Conditions for LA County. 4-11-2023.

Available: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2022. Heat Island Impacts. Last Updated September 2, 2022. Available: https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/heat-islandimpacts.

World Health Organization. (WHO). 2020. Vector-borne diseases. https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases.

City of Maywood 57 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final

APPENDIX A
CAARP Survey Results
How important is it to you that Maywood is environmentally responsible? 108 responses
Which issues are you most concerned about?
11 0 responses
• Very
e Somewhat
• Slightly
e Not at all
e No opinion
Extreme heat and heat waves
Wildfires and smoke
Poor air quality
Power outages
Storms and flooding
Access to parks or green sp ...
65 (59.1 %)
Drought and water supply
Car dependency/lack of alter ...

Utility Costs
Food security and healthy fo ...

Vector-borne illnesses
Water quality - water is yellow
Litter
rent control
Pedestrian safety
Infrastructure
factories in vernon !!!
access to play streets
City street bumps
1-1 (0.9%)
1-1 (0.9%)
--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
J-1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
0 20
30 (27.3%)
41 (37.3%)
19 (17.3%)
47 (42.7%)
57 (51 .8%)
29 (26.4%)
47 (42.7%)
47 (42.7%)
25 (22.7%)
40 60 80
82 (74.5%)
100

Appendix A
City of Maywood 58 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Which projects do you think are important for the City to focus on? (select all that apply) 109 responses
Projects that help save energy
Using clean/renewable energy
Projects that help save water
Projects that help reduce ext. ..

Making it easier to get aroun ...

Expanding public transit
Expanding bikeshare and rid .. .

Increasing electric vehicle ch .. .

Recycling more and sending .. .

Creating and improving park .. .

Helping businesses/industry .. .

Building City emergency/resi. ..

Improving restrooms at park ...

Address power outages
Addressing outages
Accessibility for parks , schools
Rent control
Street safety too many crack .. .

Invest and organize regular ' .. .
water containers
Urban planning/development. ..

Street bumps
l--1 (0.9%)
J--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l-1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
l--1 (0.9%)
0 19 (17.4%)
20 54 (49.5%)
54 (49.5%)
72 (66.1%)
54 (49.5%)
49 (45%)
40 (36.7%)
32 (29.4%)
50 (45.9%)
7 1 (65.1%)
46 (42 .2%)
32 (29.4%)
40 60 80
Climate Action has many benefits beyond reducing greenhouse gases. Which of the following are the most important to you? (select top 3)
109 responses
Saving money
Improving health 88 (80.7%)
Improving equity
Improving resilience/safety
Create jobs/improve economy
0 20 40 60 80 100

Appendix A
City of Maywood 59 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
What opportunities related to renewable energy should be prioritized by the City? (select top 5) 105 responses
Electric vehicles
Electric buses
Solar energy for homes
Solar energy for businesses
Solar energy for government b ...

Using less natural gas
Energy efficiency upgrades for .. .

Energy efficiency upgrades for .. .

Education and resources to lea .. .
0 20
36 (34.3%)
43 (41%)
40 (38.1%)
31 (29.5%)
28 (26.7%)
40 50 (47.6%)
51 (48.6%)
60 77 (73.3%)
73 (69.5%)
80 How could the City make it easier for you to get around without your car? (select all that apply) 102 responses
More frequent bus service
Bus stops closer to my horn .. .

Encourage employers to offe .. .

Create a free shuttle program
Promote working-from-home
Promote the use of carpools/ .. .

Make bicycling and walking .. .

More bike lanes and trails, si .. .

Offer a bikeshare and/or sco .. .

Offer more bicycle parking
Put more recreation space in .. .

More stores and services in .. .
more streetlights
crime impacts pedestrian saf ...
by bus I mean metro
l-1 (1%)
l-1 (1%)
l-1 (1%)
l-1 (1%)
0 34 (33.3%)
35 (34.3%)
34 (33.3%)
46 (45.1%)
30 (29.4%)
11 (10.8%)
60 (58.8%)
45 (44.1%)
17 (16.7%)
23 (22.5%)
43 (42.2%)
30 (29.4%)
20 40 60

Appendix A
City of Maywood 60 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
Which of the following strategies should the city focus on to reduce waste? (select all that apply) 102 responses
Encourage composting at homes
and businesses
Ban plastic bags and styrofoam
containers
Increase education and
awareness about recycling
Expand recyclable material
collection resources and progra ...

More frequent e-waste events
0 Do you own or rent/lease your home
102 responses
20 40 60
e Own
e Rent/lease
Do you live, work, or own a business in Maywood? (select all that apply) 84 responses
Resident
Business owner
Work in Maywood
0 20 40 60
65 (63.7%)
80 70 (83.3%)
80

Appendix A
City of Maywood 61 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
What is your work ZIP code? (if applicable)
61 responses
60 41 (67.2%)
40 20
2 (3,3°,q (1 .6'¾.1_1 (1 .6%1 (1 .6%1 (1 .6%1
0 90001
What is your age?
106 responses
90033 90065 90220 90270
What is your race or ethnicity? (select all that apply) 104 responses
American Indian or Alaskan Na... 1 (1 %)
Asian or Asian Indian - 0 (0%)
Black or African American 0 (0%)
1 (1 .6%1 (1 .6%11 (1 .6%1 (1 .6%1 (1.6%1 (1 .6'¾.11 (1.6%1 (1.6% 90392 91601 91744 95336
e 18 or younger
• 19-34
• 35-54
• 55-74
e 75 or older
Hispanic, Latino, Latinx, atine ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■1- 99 (95.2%) Middle Eastern or North African O (0%)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacifi... o (0%)
White 2 (1.9%)
I prefer not to answer 3 (2.9%)
1 (1%)
0 20 40 60 80 100

Appendix A
City of Maywood 62 ESA / D202200621.00
Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Assessment September 2023 Phase 1 – Final
What is your household's annual income?
106 responses
• <$25,000
• $25,001 - $40,000
• $40,001 - $50,000
• $50,001 - $60,000
• $60,001 - $70,000
• $70,001 - $100,00
• >$100,001
e I prefer not to answer

Appendix B
2023 GHG Inventory
Update Memorandum

633 West 5th Street
Suite 830
Los Angeles, CA 90071
213.599.4300 phone
213.599.4301 fax
esassoc.com
2023 GHG Inventory Update
date February 10, 2025
to Miguel Leon, City of Maywood
cc Nikita Sinha and Karalee Brown, Institute for Local Government; Jude Miranda, Caltrans from James Cobb, Tim Witwer, and Jeff Caton, Environmental Science Associates subject City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts
Overview
This memorandum summarizes the background greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment that Environmental Science Associates (ESA) has completed in support of the City of Maywood’s Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resiliency Plan (CAARP) project. ESA reviewed GHG emissions inventories that have been developed for the City of Maywood (City), including a 2010 community GHG inventory developed as part of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments’ (GCCOG) Climate Action Planning Framework (CAP Framework), 2015 community inventory update for the City developed by ESA, and a 2018 community inventory developed as part of the March 2024 Priority Climate Action Plan: The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Where possible, the 2023 inventory update aligns with previous inventory methodologies to ensure comparable emissions. In some instances, methodologies were updated to account for more City-specific data received for the 2023 inventory. This report assesses emissions trends and provides forecasts of the City’s future emissions based on current growth estimates for population, households, and jobs within the City under businessas-usual (BAU) and adjusted BAU conditions.

Background
The City of Maywood’s 2023 community GHG inventory update has been prepared as part of the City’s CAARP.

The inventory quantifies GHG emissions that occurred throughout the calendar year 2023 from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the City government. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs the development and performance tracking of emission reduction strategies and actions to be developed as part of the CAARP. In response to federal- and state-specific goals for reducing GHG emissions, a myriad of strategies for monitoring and addressing emissions have emerged. These have included regulatory approaches such as mandatory reporting for significant sources of GHG emissions and caps on emission levels, as well as market-based mechanisms, such as cap-and-trade. Voluntary climate actions are also increasing, such as conducting emissions inventories, implementing practices to reduce emissions, and purchasing offsets and renewable energy certificates. As federal and state policies regulating GHG emissions continue to emerge, more requirements to reduce emissions are expected. r- ESA
~

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts Given the increasing regulation of GHG emissions and rising interest from the public and community stakeholders, it is in the City’s best interest to understand and manage the GHG emissions being generated by the community. Having knowledge of these GHG emissions better prepares the City for future federal and/or state climate change policies and informs strategies for achieving numerous sustainability goals.

The 2023 GHG emissions inventory provides the following:
• Identifies sources of GHG emissions across the sectors of energy, transportation, off-road equipment, solid waste disposal, water conveyance, wastewater treatment, and short-lived climate pollutants (SLPC) including refrigerants;
• Quantifies levels of emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), using standard accounting protocols; • Compares 2023 emissions to 2010 baseline emissions, from which reduction goals and emission targets for the future can be set, and;
• Identifies emission trends that support opportunities and strategies for emissions reduction. 2023 Inventory Results
Table 1 summarizes the City of Maywood’s 2023 Community GHG Inventory. On-road transportation was the prominent contributor in 2023, making up 54 percent of the City’s emissions. Total energy (electricity and natural gas) used by residential buildings was the second largest contributor to the inventory (15.1 percent), followed by the total energy used by non-residential (i.e., commercial, industrial, municipal) buildings (11 percent).

TABLE 1: CITY OF MAYWOOD 2023 GHG EMISSIONS
Sector Emissions
(MTCO2e) Percent of Total
On-Road Transportation 46,942 54.0%
Residential Electricity 4,255 4.9%
Residential Natural Gas 8,905 10.2%
Non-Residential Electricity 6,282 7.2%
Non-Residential Natural Gas 3,299 3.8%
Off-Road Equipment 5,825 6.7%
Solid Waste 5,322 6.1%
Water 502 0.6%
Wastewater 968 1.1%
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) 4,602 5.3
Total 86,901 100%
Figure 1, below, provides a graphical depiction of each sector’s contribution to the 2023 inventory. Figure 2 provides additional detail for energy emissions in the City’s 2023 inventory, while Figure 3 provides additional detail by vehicle class for on-road emissions. On-road emissions were estimated using California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) EMission FACtor model (EMFAC2021) and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimates from Fehr & Peers, based on the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) 2024 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) travel demand model.

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts FIGURE 1: 2023 EMISSIONS BY SECTOR
FIGURE 2: ENERGY EMISSIONS BREAKDOWN
Water
1%
Solid Waste
6%
Off-Road
7%
Short-Lived Climate
Pollutants (SLCP)
5% Residential
Electricity
Residential
Natural Gas
10%
Non-Residential
Electricity
7%
Non-Residential
Natural Gas
4%

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts FIGURE 3: ON-ROAD EMISSIONS BY VEHICLE CLASS
Medium/Heavy Transit
Duty 1%

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts Emissions Trends and Forecast
In the calendar year 2023, total emissions generated by community activities in Maywood were 86,901 metric tons of CO2e (MTCO2e), compared to 88,721 MTCO2e in 2010.1 Table 2 summarizes the inventory results for the years 2010, 2015, and 2023 and indicates the contribution by sector. Figure 4 details the changes in community emissions between 2010, 2015 and 2023. The results show that total emissions in the City decreased by approximately 2.1 percent from 2010 to 2023. Additional key takeaways include:
• Non-residential energy saw the largest reduction in emissions (28.8 percent) from 2010 to 2023. Nonresidential electricity emissions decreased by approximately 3,397 MTCO2e (35 percent) while nonresidential natural gas emissions decreased by approximately 454 MTCO2e (12 percent). • Even with increased fuel efficiency of on-road vehicles and cleaner fuels, on-road transportation emissions increased slightly (approximately 2.7 percent from 2010 to 2023). The increase is largely attributable to an increase in vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) in 2023 over 2010. On-road transportation remains the largest contributor to overall emissions at approximately 54 percent, similar to its 51.5 percent contribution in 2010.
• Despite an approximate 24 percent increase in total building (residential and non-residential) electricity use from 2010 to 2023, emissions associated with this electricity use dropped approximately 29 percent due to a cleaner electric grid. Electricity use by buildings remains a significant contributor to overall emissions, at approximately 12.1 percent of the 2023 inventory, compared to 16.8 percent of the 2010 inventory.
• Off-road equipment saw the largest increase in emissions (273 percent) from 2010, totaling approximately 4,265 MTCO2e. This increase in emissions is largely attributed to higher use of off-road equipment in 2023 estimated by CARB.
• While wastewater emissions account for only 1.1 percent of the 2023 community inventory, emissions from this sector were approximately 22.4 percent lower than in 2010. The reduction is attributed to a cleaner electricity grid.
• Total tonnage of solid waste decreased from 18,267 tons in 2010 to 16,553 tons in 2023, resulting in an approximate 7.1 percent decrease in solid waste emissions. • Reductions in water emissions are attributed to updated data and methodological changes in calculations compared to 2010. Water use decreased from 6,779 acre-feet (AF) in 2010 to 3,733 AF in 2023. Previous inventories water use was based on 2010 regional water data, while 2023 water use was based on deliveries provided by Tri-City Mutual Water Company2 within the City. • Increased emissions from short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP), which include refrigerants, can be attributed to methodological changes in emissions calculations. 2023 SLCP emissions estimates were 1 Note that this is a slight revision from the 2010 inventory (88,447 MT CO2e) developed by the Gateway Cities COG CAP Framework project, reflecting updated modeling, emissions factors, and data sources that are consistent with those used by the 2015 inventory. 2 The City of Maywood is serviced by three water companies; water data for the 2023 inventory was only available from one, Tri-City Mutual Water Company. The data included total water deliveries, customer counts, and energy usage for wells. Community-wide water use for the City was estimated based on population, using the data from Tri-City Mutual Water Company.

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts based on 2018 SLCP emissions in the March 2024 Priority Climate Action Plan: The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

TABLE 2: COMPARISON OF CITY OF MAYWOOD 2010, 2015, AND 2023 GHG EMISSIONS (MTCO2E) Sector 2010 % of Total 2015 % of Total 2023 % of Total
On-Road Transportation 45,712 51.5% 43,199 50.6% 46,942 54.0% Residential Electricity 5,255 5.9% 6,638 7.8% 4,255 4.9% Residential Natural Gas 8,415 9.5% 8,600 10.1% 8,905 10.2% Non-Residential Electricity 9,679 10.9% 7,149 8.4% 6,282 7.2% Non-Residential Natural Gas 3,754 4.2% 3,311 3.9% 3,299 3.8% Off-Road Equipment 1,560 1.8% 1,790 2.1% 5,825 6.7%
Solid Waste 5,727 6.5% 6,991 8.2% 5,322 6.1%
Water 4,624 5.2% 3,788 4.4% 502 0.6%
Wastewater 1,248 1.4% 1,167 1.4% 968 1.1%
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) 2,749 3.1% 2,749 3.2% 4,602 5.3% Total 88,721 100% 85,381 100% 86,901 100%
FIGURE 4: COMPARISON OF CITY OF MAYWOOD 2010, 2015, AND 2023 GHG EMISSIONS (MTCO2E) I
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 2010
■ Residential Electricity
■ Non-Residential Electricity
■ On-Road Transportation
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
2015 2023
■ Residential Natural Gas
■ Non-Residential Natural Gas
■ Off-Road Equipment
Water
■ Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP)
I

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts Business-As-Usual Forecast
The business-as-usual (BAU) community GHG emissions forecast for the City of Maywood is based on the effect that local growth (population, jobs, and housing) is expected to have on community emissions from 2023 onward in the absence of GHG reduction programs. BAU forecasts are useful in climate action planning because they provide the basis against which GHG reduction programs can be quantified in terms of their ability to reduce emissions at key planning horizons (e.g., the City’s General Plan horizon).

Using socioeconomic growth forecasts provided by Fehr & Peers, BAU forecasts were developed for the years 2030 and 2045. As shown in Table 3 and Figures 5 and 6, the BAU forecasts of community GHG emissions are 86,463 MTCO2e, and 85,707 MTCO2e, respectively for 2030 and 2045. The results indicate that total emissions under BAU conditions would decrease slightly in 2030 and 2045, as compared to 2010.

TABLE 3: HISTORICAL GHG EMISSIONS AND BAU FORECAST THROUGH 2045 (MTCO2E) Sector 2010 2015 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 45,712 43,199 46,942 46,106 44,314 Residential Electricity 5,255 6,794 4,255 4,318 4,454
Residential Natural Gas 8,415 8,600 8,905 9,039 9,324
Non-Residential Electricity 9,679 7,316 6,282 6,292 6,315 Non-Residential Natural Gas 3,754 3,311 3,299 3,305 3,316 Off-Road Equipment 1,560 1,790 5,825 5,977 6,453
Solid Waste 5,727 6,991 5,322 5,325 5,331
Water 4,624 3,877 502 502 503
Wastewater 1,248 1,167 968 968 969
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) 2,749 2,749 4,602 4,631 4,727 Total 88,721 85,792 86,901 86,463 85,707
It is important to note that the BAU forecast assumes no change to the vehicle efficiency standards, building energy standards (i.e., Title 24, Part 6), and grid electricity emission factors that were in place as of 2023. Beyond 2023, it is projected that vehicles will become more fuel efficient, Title 24 building standards will become more stringent, and grid electricity will become less carbon intensive. Thus, the BAU forecast presented here represents a conservative estimate of future emissions. An adjustment to the BAU forecast that accounts for these factors is presented in the next section.

I

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts FIGURE 5: HISTORICAL EMISSIONS AND BAU EMISSIONS FORECAST THROUGH 2045 FIGURE 6: HISTORICAL EMISSIONS AND BAU EMISSIONS FORECAST THROUGH 2045 100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 2010
2010 f 2015
■ Residential Electricity
■ Non-Residential Electricity
■ On-Road Transportation
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
2015
■ Residential Electricity
■ Non-Residential Electricity
■ On-Road Transportation
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
f 2023 2030 f 2045
BAU
■ Residential Natural Gas
■ Non-Residential Natural Gas
■ Off-Road Equipment
■ Water
■ Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP)
2023 2030 2045
■ Residential Natural Gas
■ Non-Residential Natural Gas
■ Off-Road Equipment
■ Water
■ Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP)

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts Adjusted Business-As-Usual Forecast
The Adjusted BAU emissions forecast for the City of Maywood accounts for the effects that the following State regulations and adopted policies are expected to have on the community’s GHG emissions through the year 2045:
• Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) as mandated by Senate Bill (SB) 350 and SB 1020 3 • The State’s Vehicle Efficiency Standards (i.e. Advanced Clean Cars II) for on-road vehicles4 • Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards5
• Organic waste reduction requirements as mandated by SB 13836 As shown in Table 4 and Figure 7, the Adjusted BAU forecasts of community GHG emissions are 71,044 MTCO2e for 2030 and 38,289 MTCO2e for 2045, representing decreases of approximately 19.9 percent below 2010 levels by 2030, and 56.8 percent below 2010 levels by 2045. Figure 8 shows the BAU and Adjusted BAU forecasts, depicting the significant difference between the two.

TABLE 4: HISTORICAL GHG EMISSIONS AND ADJUSTED BAU FORECAST THROUGH 2045 (MTCO2E) Sector 2010 2015 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 45,712 43,199 46,942 34,968 8,973 Residential Electricity 5,255 6,794 4,255 2,743 0
Residential Natural Gas 8,415 8,600 8,905 8,974 9,020
Non-Residential Electricity 9,679 7,316 6,282 3,977 0
Non-Residential Natural Gas 3,754 3,311 3,299 3,274 3,111 Off-Road Equipment 1,560 1,790 5,825 5,977 6,453
Solid Waste 5,727 6,991 5,322 5,315 5,320
Water 4,624 3,877 502 320 0
Wastewater 1,248 1,167 968 865 684
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) 2,749 2,749 4,602 4,631 4,727 Total 88,721 85,792 86,901 71,044 38,289
3 SB 350 (2016) mandates that a minimum of 60 percent of the State’s electricity will come from qualifying renewable sources by the year 2030; SB1020 (2022) increases the mandated renewables target to 90 percent by 2035, 95 percent by 2040, and 100 percent by 2045.
4 Advanced Clean Cars II supports the California Governor’s Executive Orders calling for all new passenger vehicles sold in 2035 be zero emission as well as requiring increasingly stringent standards for gasoline cars. 5 The latest Title 24 standards were applied on January 1, 2023, and are updated every three years. 6 SB 1383 requires a 75% Statewide reduction in organic waste by 2025 from 2014 levels.

I

City of Maywood 2023 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Update, Trend Analysis, and Emissions Forecasts FIGURE 7: HISTORICAL GHG EMISSIONS AND ADJUSTED BAU FORECAST THROUGH 2045 FIGURE 8: HISTORICAL GHG EMISSIONS, BAU FORECAST, AND ADJUSTED BAU FORECAST THROUGH 2045 100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 ■ Residential Electricity
■ Non-Residential Electricity
■ On-Road Transportation
■ Solid Waste
■ Wastewater
2010 2015
- Residential Electricity
- Nu11-Reside11Lic1I EleLL1icily
- On-Rmrl Tr;insrnrt;itinn
- Solid Waste
- Wastewater
- - - BAU
2045
AdjBAU
■ Residential Natural Gas
■ Non-Residential Natural Gas
■ Off-Road Equipment
■ Water
■ Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP)
2023 2030 2045
- Residential Natural Gas
- Nu11-Reside11Lidl NaLUldl Gc1s
- Off-Rn;ir! F(Jlli[)mf>nt
- Water
- Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (S_CP)

Appendix C
Native American Consultation

Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
County Tribe Name Contact Person Contact Address
Los Angeles
County
Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians Anthony Morales, Chairperson P.O. Box 693 San Gabriel, CA, 91778 Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation Andrew Salas, Chairperson P.O. Box 393 Covina, CA, 91723 Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe Charles Alvarez, Chairperson
23454 Vanowen Street
West Hills, CA, 91307
Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council
Christina Conley, Cultural Resource
Administrator
P.O. Box 941078
Simi Valley, CA, 93094
Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation Christina Swindall Martinez, Secretary P.O. Box 393
Covina, CA, 91723
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Jessica Valdez, Cultural Resource
Specialist
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA, 92581
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Joseph Ontiveros, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA, 92581
Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians Lovina Redner, Tribal Chair P.O. Box 391820
Anza, CA, 92539
Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council Robert Dorame, Chairperson P.O. Box 490
Bellflower, CA, 90707
Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe Sam Dunlap, Cultural Resource Director P.O. Box 3919
Seal Beach, CA, 90740
Gabrielino /Tongva Nation
Sandonne Goad, Chairperson
106 1/2 Judge John Aiso
St., #231
Los Angeles, CA, 90012

November 21, 2025
Project/File: Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan CEQA Anthony Morales, Chairman
Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians
P.O. Box 693
San Gabriel, CA, 91778
Subject: AB 52 Notification, Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan, City of Maywood, Los Angeles County Dear Chairman Morales:

Pursuant to California Assembly Bill (AB) 52, the City of Maywood (City) is providing you with notification of the intent to undertake the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP) (Project). Under California State law, the project is subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City is preparing a Draft Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) for the Project in accordance with CEQA (Public Resources Code section 21000 et seq.) and the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, title 14, section 15000 et seq.). The Draft IS/MND will evaluate the potential environmental impacts of adopting and implementing the CAARP and will evaluate if the proposed Project would have no impacts or less than significant impacts, either with or without mitigation, and if further environmental review is required. The Project requires City Council approval of the CAARP and adoption of the IS/MND. The City is the lead agency for the Project under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

The Project is a citywide plan that provides a comprehensive framework to guide greenhouse gas reductions and climate adaptation strategies for the City of Maywood. The Project aligns local actions with statewide climate targets established under AB 32, the AB 32 Scoping Plan, SB 32, and AB 1279. The CAARP would serve as the first climate action and resilience plan for the City and will include measures that address transportation, building energy, solid waste, water supply, wastewater treatment, short lived climate pollutants, off road equipment, and municipal operations. The CAARP would guide how the City funds and prioritizes related projects and programs and would be implemented, monitored, and adjusted over time to help achieve near term and long term GHG reduction targets that are aligned with statewide targets for 2035 and 2045. The Project also identifies strategies to prepare for climate hazards such as extreme heat, air pollution, drought, and stormwater flooding.

The City is providing you this formal notification of the Project pursuant to Assembly Bill 52 and Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1. The input of your tribe is important to the City’s planning process. If you are interested in consulting with the City on the Project’s potential to impact tribal cultural resources, we respectfully request a written response within 30 days from the receipt of this letter if you wish to consult on the project. The City recognizes the importance of confidentiality for information provided by Tribes regarding the location, nature, and use of tribal cultural resources and will treat such information with confidentiality, consistent with Public Resources Code section 21082.3, subdivision (c).

Please mail or email your written request for consultation to:

November 21, 2025
City of Maywood
Attn: Miguel Leon, Contact Person
4319 Slauson Avenue
Maywood, California 90270
Phone: (323) 562 5714
Email: [email protected]
Thank you for your assistance with our efforts to address tribal cultural resources that may be affected by the proposed project.

Sincerely,
Miguel Leon
Assist. To The City Manager
City of Maywood

Appendix D
Mitigation Monitoring and
Reporting Program

Appendix D. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project D-1 D202500378.00 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration January 2026 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
This Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP), which is provided in Table 1, Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, below, has been prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 21081.6 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15097 (Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations), which require adoption of an MMRP for projects where the Lead Agency has adopted mitigation to avoid significant environmental effects. The City of Maywood (City) is the Lead Agency for the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project (Project). The decision-makers must define specific reporting and/or monitoring requirements to be enforced during Project implementation prior to final approval of the Project. The primary purpose of the MMRP is to ensure that the mitigation measures identified in the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (designated by the respective environmental issue within Chapter III, Environmental Checklist, of the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration) are implemented, thereby minimizing identified environmental effects.

Final clearance shall require all applicable verification as indicated in Table 1 below. The project mitigation measures are identified by the impact category and numbered to correspond with the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration.

Appendix D. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project D-2 D202500378.00 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration January 2026 TABLE D-1

MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
Mitigation Measures (MM’s)
Implementing Action,
Condition, or Mechanism Method of Verification
Timing of
Verification
Responsible
Persons
Cultural Resources
Mitigation Measure CR-1: Future Study – Historical Resources. New projects under the plan that could have a potential direct or indirect impact to historic and archaeological resources, and are within or adjacent to (within 100 feet of) structures that are more than 45 years old, or have been recorded as historic resources. The City shall retain a qualified architectural historian, defined as meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for architectural history. The architectural historian will conduct a historic resources assessment including: a records search, at the Eastern Information Center; a review of pertinent archives and sources; a pedestrian field survey; updates or full recordation of all identified historic resources on California Department of Parks and Recreation 523 forms; and preparation of a technical memo documenting the methods and results of the assessment. All identified historic resources shall be assessed for the project’s potential to result in direct and/or indirect effects to those resources and any historic resource that may be affected shall be evaluated for its potential significance (i.e., listing in the CRHR) prior to the City’s approval of project plans and publication of subsequent CEQA documents. The qualified architectural historian shall provide recommendations regarding avoidance or minimizing impacts, or treatment for historical resources (i.e., resources found eligible for listing in the CRHR) that will be affected by the project.

The District shall retain a Qualified Archaeologist under the Secretary of the Interior Standards to carry out all mitigation related to archaeological resources as required for each project. Prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, the Qualified Archaeologist or their designee shall conduct construction worker archaeological resources sensitivity training for all construction personnel. Construction personnel shall be informed on how to identify the types of prehistoric and historic archaeological resources that may be encountered, the proper procedures to be enacted in the event of an inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources, and safety precautions to be taken when working with archaeological monitors. The District shall ensure that construction personnel are made available for and attend the training and retain documentation demonstrating attendance. In addition, a cultural resource impact mitigation program (CRIMP) shall be filed with the City prior to site grading. The CRIMP shall specify the steps to be taken to mitigate impacts to cultural resources and shall include all of the Master Plan projects and be amended if necessary at a project level basis.

Retain a Qualified Architectural
Historian and a Qualified
Archaeologist.

Conduct HRA, records search,
pedestrian survey, and prepare
DPR 523 forms and a technical
memo.

Prepare and file a Cultural
Resource Impact Mitigation
Project (CRIMP) with the City.

Conduct worker sensitivity
training for all construction
personnel.

Review and approval of the
HRA technical memo and
DPR 523 forms.

Proof of CRIMP filing with
the City.

Sign-in sheets and training
materials for construction
personnel.

Assessment; Prior to
approval of project
plans and publication
of CEQA documents.

CRIMP; Prior to site
grading.

Training; Prior to any
ground-disturbing
activities.

Lead Agency/
Qualified
Architectural
Historian/ Qualified
Archaeologist/
Construction
Contractor

Appendix D. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project D-3 D202500378.00 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration January 2026 TABLE D-1

MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
Mitigation Measures (MM’s)
Implementing Action,
Condition, or Mechanism Method of Verification
Timing of
Verification
Responsible
Persons
Mitigation Measure CR-2: Inadvertent Discovery of Human Remains. If human skeletal remains are uncovered during ground disturbance the City shall immediately halt work, contact the Los Angeles County coroner to determine whether the remains are human, and follow the procedures and protocols set forth in Section 15064.5 (e)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines. If the County Coroner determines that the remains are Native American, they shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, subdivision (c), and Public Resources Code Section (PRC) 5097.98 (as amended by AB 2641). The NAHC shall then identify the person(s) thought to be the Most Likely Descendant (MLD) of the deceased Native American, who will then help determine what course of action should be taken in dealing with the remains. Per PRC 5097.98, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity, according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, where the Native American human remains are located, is not damaged or disturbed by further development activity until the landowner has discussed and conferred, as prescribed in this section (PRC 5097.98), with the MLD regarding their recommendations, if applicable, taking into account the possibility of multiple human remains.

Mandatory cessation of all
ground-disturbing activities within
the vicinity of the find (typically
50-100 ft buffer).

Immediate contact with the LA
County Coroner.

Adherence to Health and Safety
Code Section 7050.5 and PRC
Section 5097.98 regarding NAHC
and MLD consultation.

Landowner must secure the site
from further damage until MLD
recommendations are
implemented.

Review of construction logs
documenting the halt of
work and site protection
measures.

Verification of
correspondence/calls to
the County Coroner and
NAHC.

Documentation of
meetings/recommendation
s between the landowner
and the MLD.

During construction
(immediately upon
discovery) until the
Coroner/MLD
provides clearance to
resume work
Construction
Contractor/ Lead
Agency/
Landowner/ LA
County Coroner/

NAHC/ MLD
Geology and Soils- Paleontological Resources
Mitigation Measure PR-1: Future Study – Paleontological Resources.

New projects under the plan that could have a potential direct impact to paleontological resources and are within sensitive geological formations, and that require ground disturbance that could impact paleontological resources.

The City shall retain a qualified paleontologist under the specifications of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP). The paleontologist will request a records search from the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; conduct a review of pertinent geological maps and literature; and prepare a technical memo documenting the methods and results of the assessment. All identified sensitive formations shall be assessed for the project’s potential to result in direct effects to those resources prior to the City’s approval of project plans and publication of subsequent CEQA documents. The qualified paleontologist shall provide recommendations regarding avoidance or minimizing impacts, or treatment for significant paleontological resources.

Retain a paleontologist meeting
Society of Vertebrate (SVP)
standards.

Perform a records search (LA
County Museum) and review
geological maps.

Identify sensitive formations and
prepare a Technical Memo with
avoidance or treatment
recommendations.

Review of consultant’s CV
for SVP compliance.

Submission and City
approval of the final
Paleontological
Assessment/Technical
Memo.

Verification that memo
findings are included in
subsequent CEQA
documentation.

Prior to approval of
project plans;
publication of
subsequent CEQA
documents.

Lead Agency/
Qualified
Paleontologist/ City
Planning
Department

Appendix D. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project D-4 D202500378.00 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration January 2026 This page intentionally left blank

CITY OF MAYWOOD CLIMATE ACTION,

ADAPTATION, AND RESILIENCE PLAN PROJECT
Final IS/MND Errata
Prepared for February 2026
City of Maywood

CITY OF MAYWOOD CLIMATE ACTION,

ADAPTATION, AND RESILIENCE PLAN PROJECT
Final IS/MND Errata
Prepared for February 2026
City of Maywood
633 West 5th Street
Suite 830
Los Angeles, CA 90071
213.599.4300
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City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project i D202500378.00 Final IS/MND Errata February 2026

CONTENTS
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and
Resilience Plan Project, Final IS/MND Errata
Page
Acronyms and Other Abbreviations................................................................................................ ii Errata.................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Corrections and Additions ................................................................................................................... 1 Caltrans Comment Letter A................................................................................................................. 3 Response to Comment A-1........................................................................................................... 3 Response to Comment A-2........................................................................................................... 3 Response to Comment A-3........................................................................................................... 3 Appendices
A. Comments Received on Initial Study/Proposed MND for the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project

City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project ii D202500378.00 Final IS/MND Errata February 2026
Acronyms and Other Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
AC2HP Air Conditioning to Heat Pump
ATP Active Transportation Plan
BAU Business as Usual
CAARP, Plan, or proposed Project Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan CARB California Air Resources Board
CARE California Alternate Rates for Energy
CBO community-based organizations
City City of Maywood
CPA Clean Power Alliance
Draft IS/MND Draft Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration DES distributed energy sources
EOT end-of-trip
Errata revisions to the Draft IS/MND
FERA Family Electric Rate Assistance
GHG greenhouse gas
HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IS/MND Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
JPA Joint Powers Authority
LED light-emitting diodes
MTCO2e metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
RHNA Regional Housing Needs Allocation
PRC Public Resources Code
Project City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project
SB Senate Bill
SCAQMD Southern California Air Quality Management District SCE Southern California Edison
SoCalREN Southern California Regional Energy Network
SolarAPP+ Solar Automated Permit Process
VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled
ZEV zero-emission vehicle

City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 1 D202500378.00 Final IS/MND Errata February 2026

CITY OF MAYWOOD CLIMATE ACTION,

ADAPTATION, AND RESILIENCE PLAN

PROJECT
Errata
Introduction
This Errata contains a compilation of revisions made to the text of the Draft Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (Draft IS/MND) either in response to a comment or as initiated by the City of Maywood (City). Some of the staff-initiated text changes are made to reflect additional information provided by the City for the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP, Plan, or proposed Project). The text changes made in responses to comments and the staff-initiated text changes do not alter the analysis or conclusions in the Draft IS/MND.

All revisions are previously introduced in the Response to Comments Memorandum, of this Final IS/MND but are summarized here for convenience of the reader. Where the responses indicate additions or deletions to the text of the Draft IS/MND, additions are indicated in underline and deletions in strikeout.

Corrections and Additions
Chapter 2, Project Description
Page #2-15
TABLE 2
CITY OF MAYWOOD 2010 GHG EMISSIONS
Sector Emissions (MTCO2e) Percent of Total (%)
On-Road Transportation 45,712 51.5
Natural Gas and Electricity 27,103 31.5 30.5
Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment 5,871 6.6
Solid Waste 5,727 6.5
Short-lived Climate Pollutants 2,749 3.1
Off-Road Equipment 1,560 1.8
Total 88,721 100%

City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 2 D202500378.00 Final IS/MND Errata February 2026
Chapter 2, Project Description
Pages #2-18 through #2-31
TABLE 4

MAYWOOD CAARP GHG REDUCTION MEASURES
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Clean Energy (E)
Measure E1: Procure Zero-Carbon Electricity for Residents and Businesses (Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 1,440 2045: 0) Community
Action 1 Conduct a feasibility study that assesses technical, financial, legal, and policy implications of joining the CPA on behalf of residents and businesses
By 2035: 100% participation (community-wide) of
utility customers purchasing 100% zero-carbon
electricity.

By 2045: Under state law, all utility-provided
electricity in California will be carbon free
Action 2 Join CPA: Upon City Council approval, apply to join CPA’s Joint Powers Authority (JPA), and once approved, select 100 percent Green Power as the default option for residential and commercial accounts
Action 3 Partner with CPA on customer outreach and education on the benefits of clean energy, including cleaner air and reduced health risks from fossil fuel combustion Action 4 Require new development projects, including residential, commercial, and industrial uses, to operate on 100 percent zero-carbon electricity, through on-site generation or procurement from a third party (e.g., CPA)
Action 5 Increase enrollment in the California Alternate Rates for Energy (CARE) and Family Electric Rate Assistance (FERA) programs discount programs upon CPA enrollment Action 6 Increase multilingual (English/Spanish) bill-impact counseling Measure E2: Increase Local Renewable Energy Production
(Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 321 2045: 0) Community
Action 1 Partner with utilities and CBOs to educate building owners and homeowners on the Solar Automated Permit Process (SolarAPP+) and other solar incentives, including those that deliver low-cost solar to income-qualified households
By 2035: Install rooftop solar panels on 15% of
eligible roofs
By 2045: Install rooftop solar panels on 50% of
eligible roofs Action 2 Increase local participation in and awareness of training opportunities for solar energy jobs provided by regional workforce development organizations

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 3 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Action 3 Monitor displacement risk and implement protective measures as necessary, consistent with the City’s Rent Stabilization Ordinance and tent protections, which could include strengthening tenant protections during building renovations, limiting limit rent increases and regulate passthrough costs of capital improvements to tenants, and increasing home ownership rates for existing residents Incorporate affordability safeguards into infrastructure upgrades do not disproportionately impact low-income households
Municipal Operations
Action 4 Conduct solar feasibility studies at City owned buildings By 2035: Install rooftop solar panels on 15% of eligible City building roofs
By 2045: Install distributed energy sources (DES)
on 50% of eligible City building roofs
Action 5 Install rooftop solar at eligible municipal facilities Action 6 Explore community solar programs at community centric municipal facilities (libraries, community centers, etc.)
Green Buildings and Infrastructure (B)
Measure B1: Improve Energy Efficiency of Existing Buildings (Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 3,623 2045: 7,239) Community
Action 1 Mandate energy-efficiency audits during building ownership transfers (residential and nonresidential)
By 2035: Reduce the energy intensity of existing (as
of 2025) residential and commercial buildings by
30%.

By 2045: Reduce the energy intensity of existing (as
of 2025) residential and commercial buildings by
60%.

Action 2 Partner with utilities to promote rebates and financing options for energy-efficiency upgrades and appliances for heating, lighting, cooking, and other purposes, targeting rebates and direct-install services to lower-income households through multilingual communication Action 3 Educate building owners and homeowners on the cost savings of energy-efficiency improvements Action 4 Increase local participation in and awareness of training opportunities for energy efficiency jobs provided by regional workforce development organizations Action 5 Monitor displacement risk and implement protective measures as necessary, consistent with the City’s Rent Stabilization Ordinance and tent protections, which could include strengthening tenant protections during building renovations, limiting limit rent increases and regulate passthrough costs of capital improvements to tenants, and increasing home ownership rates for existing residents Action 6 Explore on-bill financing or tariffed on-bill repayment models that allow residents to pay for energy efficiency upgrades through future utility savings without taking on personal debt Action 7 Explore the feasibility of setting building performance standards for large existing buildings within the City, setting energy targets based on building size Action 8 Partner with SoCalREN, SCE, and emPOWER to connect income-qualified residents to no- and low-cost energy-efficiency programs, through bilingual outreach and community partnerships

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 4 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Municipal Operations
Action 9 Adopt a policy that requires natural gas equipment and appliances (i.e., boilers, water heaters, stoves, and HVAC units) at City buildings and facilities to be replaced with all-electric models, when at end of useful life.

By 2035: Reduce the energy intensity of existing (as
of 2025) City buildings by 30%.

By 2045: Reduce the energy intensity of existing (as
of 2025) City buildings by 60% by the year 2045. Action 10 Conduct energy audits of all municipal buildings to identify cost-effective energy-efficiency opportunities
Action 11 Implement energy-efficiency improvements identified in energy audits at City-owned buildings and facilities
Action 12 Publish case studies of building-efficiency improvements to promote successes and strategies to community members and businesses
Measure B2: Retrofit Existing Buildings to Be All-Electric (Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 856 2045: 2,935) Community
Action 1 Explore adopting ordinance requiring replacement of air conditioners with electric heat pumps during major building renovations
By 2035: Decarbonize 10% of existing (as of 2025)
residential and commercial building energy
By 2045: Decarbonize 60% of existing (as of 2025)
residential and commercial building energy
Action 2 Host workshops and events to demonstrate the efficacy of all-electric appliances, including stoves, heat pumps, and boilers
Action 3 Identify and partner with City-approved service providers to review residential energy bills and conduct home visits to provide recommendations for feasible electric appliances Action 4 Monitor displacement risk and implement protective measures as necessary, consistent with the City’s Rent Stabilization Ordinance and tent protections, which could include strengthening tenant protections during building renovations, limiting limit rent increases and regulate passthrough costs of capital improvements to tenants, and increasing home ownership rates for existing residents Action 5 Explore on-bill financing or tariffed on-bill repayment models that allow residents to pay for energy efficiency upgrades through future utility savings without taking on personal debt Action 6 Connect income-qualified residents to financial assistance for building decarbonization, such as heat-pump rebates, through bilingual outreach and community partnerships Action 7 Increase local participation in and awareness of training opportunities for building decarbonization jobs provided by regional workforce development organizations Municipal Operations
Action 8 Conduct all-electric feasibility studies for City-owned buildings and facilities By 2035: Decarbonize 10% of existing (as of 2025) City building energy
By 2045: Decarbonize 60% of existing (as of 2025)
City building energy
Action 9 Implement feasible electrification at City-owned buildings and facilities, including electric water heaters, boilers, and cookware.

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 5 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Measure B4: Utilize Cool Surfaces
(Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: Supportive.) Community
Action 1 Examine the potential to adopt a cool roof and pavement ordinance requiring new buildings and major renovations to meet specific albedo standards
Not Applicable.

Action 2 Partner with COBs CBOs and other municipalities to establish or expand a workforce development program for cool roof and pavement projects
Action 3 Pilot a cool roof and pavement project at a heat vulnerable school or senior center Action 4 Host educational events for cool roof and pavement solutions and their benefits Action 5 Increase local participation in and awareness of training opportunities for cool surface construction jobs provided by regional workforce development organizations Municipal Operations
Action 6 Explore potential for cool pavement pilot projects at City owned facilities, including parks or community centers
Not Applicable.

Action 7 Inventory cool roofs at City-owned buildings and facilities Action 8 Consider adopting a policy to install high-performing cool roofs on new City buildings and roof replacements (i.e., perform better than State building codes).

Zero-Emission Vehicles (V)
Measure V3: Accelerate Freight Decarbonization
(Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 2,395 2045: 991) Community
Action 1 Collaborate with Caltrans and the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles on freeway and technology improvements benefitting goods movement industries the transition to Zero Emission Infrastructure
Not Applicable.

Action 2 Promote local business and industry participation in SCAQMD’s truck and train projects funded through CARB’s Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program Action 3 Evaluate the potential to adopt low-emission delivery zones that provide priority curb access for zero-emission delivery vehicles in specified loading areas throughout the City, including near schools, senior facilities, parks, and other locations with high pedestrian traffic Action 4 Streamline permitting for ZEV charging and clean fueling infrastructure for medium- and heavyduty vehicles.

Action 5 Designate and enforce truck routes away from homes and schools, and develop anti-idling protocols

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 6 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Action 6 Partner with SCAQMD and local schools to deploy low-cost air quality sensors, share real-time data, and engage residents in identifying air quality hotspots for enforcement or remediation Action 7 Evaluate potential traffic impacts of ZEV charging and clean fueling infrastructure on a case-bycase basis through existing review processes and traffic studies to manage medium- and heavyduty vehicle activity.

Smart Mobility and Active Transportation (M)
Measure M2: Promote Transit Oriented Development
(Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 469 2045: 194) Community
Action 1 Provide incentives (density bonuses, concessions, and waivers) for dense residential development, including affordable and below market rate housing, near transit routes, including Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard corridors. Structure there incentives on a sliding scale to prioritize affordable and below-market rate housing, providing the greatest concessions to projects with the highest proportions of restricted affordable units to prevent displacement.

By 2035:
• Increase Residential Density through 258 new
units zoned for and identified by the Housing
Element
• Increase Job Density through 1,341 thousand
square feet increase of new commercial,
industrial, and public/quasi-public land uses
identified by the Land Use Element
• Develop Transit-Oriented Developments through
253 residential units and office space within half
mile of Slauson Ave and Atlantic Blvd high quality
transit stop
• Complete construction of a 61-unit affordable
housing project and continued development to
meet RHNA needs
By 2045:
• Increase Residential Density through 344 new
units zoned for and identified by the Housing
Element
• Increase Job Density through 1,789 thousand
square feet increase of new commercial,
industrial, and public/quasi-public land uses
identified by the Land Use Element
• Develop Transit-Oriented Developments through
338 residential units and office space within half
mile of Slauson Ave and Atlantic Blvd high quality
transit stop
• Continue construction of new development to
meet future RHNA needs
Action 2 Educate developers about the sliding scale incentives for dense residential development, emphasizing benefits for affordable and below-market housing production Action 3 Re-zone certain areas (including Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard corridors) to allow for more home-based businesses

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 7 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Measure M3: Promote Active Transportation
(Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 24 2045: 9) Community
Action 1 Improve sidewalks with more shade, more greenery, safe crossings, and adequate space for wheelchair and stroller use, prioritizing those locations identified by community and in the Maywood ATP
By 2035:
• Install EOT Bike Facilities (including showers) for
approximately 750 new employees
• Construct 9 miles of new Class III Bike Facilities
identified by Maywood Active Transportation Plan
• Construct Slauson Avenue and Atlantic
Boulevard mobility hub
By 2045:
• Install EOT Bike Facilities (including showers) for
approximately 1,000 new employees
• Maintain 9 miles of previously constructed Class
III Bike Facilities identified by Maywood Active
Transportation Plan
• Maintain Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard
mobility hub
Action 2 Expand bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, including Class I, II, III, and IV bicycle routes, signage, and intersection treatments along corridors outlined in the Maywood ATP Partner with CBOs and local businesses to install and maintain end-of-trip facilities including bike parking, bike lockers, showers, and personal lockers
Action 3 Partner with CBOs and local businesses to install and maintain end-of-trip facilities including bike parking, bike lockers, showers, and personal lockers Expand bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, including Class I, II, III, and IV bicycle routes, signage, and intersection treatments along corridors outlined in the Maywood ATP, consistent with the Plan’s emphasis on safer street design Action 4 Potentially introduce electric bike share and scooter share programs that incentives third-party providers to locate in Maywood, including partnering with LA Metro to expand their Metro Bike Share program into the City.

Action 5 Collaborate with Los Angeles County, LA Metro, and Maywood Express to invest in safety features and first mile / last mile bicycle and pedestrian connections around transit stations Action 6 Coordinate with schools and local CBOs to host “open street” events that promote active transportation and educate students and community members on how to safely navigate bicycle routes
Action 7 Limit businesses within the City that are served by trucks, especially those located along pedestrian and bicycle corridors
Action 8 Install energy-efficient LED lighting at crosswalks, parks, and bus stops to enhance safety and visibility, particularly for women, children, and seniors Action 9 Engage youth and CBOs in street design. Fund participatory design projects with youth organizations and active-transportation nonprofits to co-create murals, shade installations, and community wayfinding.

Municipal Operations
Action 10 Improve all sidewalks and pedestrian infrastructure around City buildings to be safe, accessible, and comfortable
Action 11 Install and maintain bicycle infrastructure at City owned buildings, including community centers and cooling centers

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 8 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Action 12 Establish a bike share program to encourage City employees to borrow bikes for transportation to local meetings
By 2035:
• Install EOT Bike Facilities (including showers) for
approximately 750 new employees
• Construct 9 miles of new Class III Bike Facilities
identified by Maywood Active Transportation Plan
• Construct Slauson Avenue and Atlantic
Boulevard mobility hub
By 2045:
• Install EOT Bike Facilities (including showers) for
approximately 1,000 new employees
• Maintain 9 miles of previously constructed Class
III Bike Facilities identified by Maywood Active
Transportation Plan
• Maintain Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard
mobility hub
Off-Road Equipment Electrification (O)
Measure RO1: Support Off-Road Equipment Electrification (Estimated Annual GHG Emission Reductions [MTCO2e]: 2035: 122 2045: 481) Community
Action 1 Develop infrastructure to support electric and hydrogen fuel cell equipment By 2035: Electrify 20% of off-road equipment used throughout the City
By 2045: Electrify 75% of off-road equipment
throughout the City
Action 2 Provide educational materials to builders and construction contractors on the benefits and capabilities of electric off-road equipment
Action 3 Through the permitting process, require private developers to use green construction methods that reduce emissions
Action 4 Adopt restrictions to minimize unnecessary idling of off-road equipment Municipal Operations
Action 5 Increase the use of zero-emission off-road equipment by municipal fleet facilities By 2035: Electrify 20% of off-road equipment used in City run projects
By 2045: Electrify 75% of off-road equipment used
in City run projects
Action 6 Establish procurement policies mandating zero-emission or low-emission equipment for municipal projects

Corrections and Additions
City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 9 ESA / D202500378.00 IS/MND Errata February 2026
Chapter 2, Project Description
Pages #2-34 through #2-36
TABLE 5

MAYWOOD CAARP ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE STRATEGY AND MEASURES Strategy/Measure/Action Performance Objectives
Adaptation and Resilience (A)
Measure A5: Upgrade Buildings for Climate Readiness
(Hazards Addressed: All: Most important for extreme heat, then air quality) Action 1 Promote retrofits in residential, commercial, and public buildings that improve indoor thermal conditions, such as installing cool roofs, high-efficiency HVAC systems, high-filtration air‐handling units, and insulation to protect occupants during extreme heat and smoke events
Increase upgraded critical facilities within
the city
Increase upgraded facilities serving seniors
and other vulnerable populations
Decrease in hazard-driven illness indoors
Action 2 Coordinate with the local Community Choice Aggregator and utilities to support installation of distributedenergy systems, such as rooftop solar and battery storage, in key facilities to maintain operations during outages and reduce grid-dependency
Action 3 Explore the feasibility of reach code strategies, such as the Accelerate Clean Energy to Heat Pump (AC2HP) model
Action 4 Prioritize improving air quality and thermal comfort in schools, childcare centers, senior centers, housing for vulnerable populations, and other sensitive-use facilities Action 5 Provide landlords and property managers with financial assistance opportunities for cooling and other building upgrades
Action 6 Monitor displacement risk and implement protective measures as necessary, consistent with the City’s Rent Stabilization Ordinance and tent protections, which could include strengthening tenant protections during building renovations, limiting limit rent increases and regulate passthrough costs of capital improvements to tenants, and increasing home ownership rates for existing residents Action 5 Evaluate feasibility of installing bioswales along streets or at City owned properties that safely capture stormwater while removing debris and pollution

City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project 10 D202500378.00 Final IS/MND Errata February 2026
Chapter 3, Initial Study/Environmental Checklist
Section XVIII, Tribal Cultural Resources
Pages #3-63 through 3-64
As noted in the request to consult letters that were circulated, any tribes interested in formal consultation were required to respond in writing within 30 days from receipt of the City’s formal notification (or by December 18, 2025), if they wished to engage in consultation on the Project. If any tribes requested formal consultation pursuant to AB 52, then the City would be required to initiate that consultation process within 30 days of receiving the request for consultation. No responses were received from any of these individuals pursuant to AB 52 within the stated 30-day response period. Therefore, the City has met its obligations regarding tribal outreach, and thus AB 52 tribal consultation is concluded pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.2(b).

633 West 5th Street
Suite 830
Los Angeles, CA 90071
213.599.4300 phone
213.599.4301 fax
esassoc.com
February 3, 2026
Miguel Leon
Deputy City Clerk/Assistant to the City Manager
City of Maywood
4319 East Slauson Avenue
Maywood, CA 90270
Subject: Response to Comments Memorandum on the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration for the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project Dear Mr. Leon:

The City of Maywood (City), as the Lead Agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), has prepared this Response to Comments Memorandum for the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP) Project (Project). The CAARP outlines a strategic roadmap with clear goals, innovative strategies, and actionable measures across various sectors. These include transportation, electricity, natural gas, solid waste, wastewater treatment, and energy use for water conveyance. The CAARP’s foundation is built upon comprehensive assessments, notably with updates to the City's 2010 community greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory for the years 2010-2023 and detailed analysis of emissions trends. The CAARP provides both a Business as Usual (BAU) forecast and an Adjusted BAU forecast, which considers the anticipated effects of State regulations and adopted policies.

The measures and targets within the CAARP are designed to align with ambitious statewide reduction goals: 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (as per Senate Bill [SB] 32) and achieving 85 percent below 1990 levels along with statewide carbon neutrality by 2045 (as per Assembly Bill [AB]1279). The CAARP sets a near-term target for 2035 and a long-term target for 2045. Quantitative modeling indicates that the City’s 2035 target would be achieved through implementation of the CAARP measures, but additional reductions of approximately 7,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) per year would be necessary to reach the 2045 target.

The City is the Lead Agency responsible for environmental review of the Project in accordance with the requirements of CEQA (Public Resources Code [PRC] Section 21000-21177) and the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations [CCR], Title 14, Division 6, Chapter 3, Sections 15000-15387) (CEQA Guidelines). As described in CEQA Guidelines Section 15074(b):

Prior to approving a project, the decision-making body of the lead agency shall consider the proposed negative declaration or mitigated negative declaration together with any comments received during the public review process. The decision-making body shall adopt the proposed negative declaration or mitigated negative declaration only if it finds on the basis of the whole record before it (including the initial study and any comments received), that there is no substantial evidence that the project will have a significant effect on the environment and that the

Mr. LeonMr. Leon
February 3, 2026

negative declaration or mitigated negative declaration reflects the lead agency’s independent judgment and analysis.

The City prepared and circulated a Public Review Draft IS/MND for the Project between January 2, 2026, and February 2, 2026. The City received a total of one agency comment letter on the Draft IS/MND. This Response to Comments Memorandum includes the text of the comment letter and the City’s responses. In responding to comments received on the Draft IS/MND, certain revisions to the text of the Draft IS/MND were deemed necessary, and thus these revisions are presented as an Errata to this Final IS/MND (see attached Errata document). The Draft IS/MND is incorporated herein by reference and as revised through the Errata.

In combination, the Draft IS/MND and its appendices, the City’s responses to comments on the Draft IS/MND, and the revisions to the Draft IS/MND (Errata), including additional information and appendices, constitute the Final IS/MND for the CAARP Project. Documents relating to this Final IS/MND are cited and incorporated by reference. This Final IS/MND, including the Draft IS/MND appendices and reference documents are available for review at the City of Maywood’s website at:
https://www.cityofmaywood.com/411/Climate-Action-Adaptation-and-Resilience.

In the following Responses to Comments section, each comment letter is assigned an alphabetical letter (e.i., Letter A, Letter B, and so on) and arranged by agency and then by organization and other interested parties in chronological order. The body of each comment letter has been separated into individual comments, which are numbered. This results in a numbering system whereby the first comment in the first comment letter is identified as Comment A-1, A-2, and so on. The comment text is included in the corresponding letter with the individual responses to each comment raised provided below. The letters are provided in Appendix A, Comment Letters on the Draft IS/MND, of this Final IS/MND.

Where responses result in a change to the Draft IS/MND, it is noted and the resulting change is identified in the Errata of this Final IS/MND. Although written responses to comments received on a negative declaration or mitigated negative declaration are not required by CEQA, the following responses have been prepared for consideration by the City decision makers when considering whether or not to approve the Project. It should be noted that the focus of the responses to comments is on “the disposition of significant environmental issues raised.” Therefore, detailed responses are not provided for comments that do not relate to environmental issues.

Mr. LeonMr. Leon
February 3, 2026

Caltrans Comment Letter A
Response to Comment A-1
This comment provides a general introduction to the comments raised in this correspondence. This comment also provides an accurate summary of the Project. Because the comment does not raise a substantive issue on the content or adequacy of the Draft IS/MND, no further response is necessary.

Response to Comment A-2
This comment supports the VMT Reduction Strategies identified in Table 1 of the Draft ISMND, Chapter 3, Initial Study/Environmental Checklist, pages 2-7. This comment also identifies the Project to be consistent with policies promoting sustainable and multimodal transportation, and the reduction of Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT). This comment further reinstates the analysis provided in the Draft IS/MND pertaining to transportation. Because this comment does not raise a substantive issue on the content or adequacy of the Draft IS/MND, no further response is necessary.

Response to Comment A-3
This comment recommends adopting additional TDM strategies from Caltrans Local Development Review Transportation Demand Management Toolbox to further reduce VMT and greenhouse gas emissions and provides the website link to the TDM strategies. Also, this comment provides Caltrans contact information in the event additional information is needed. The comment is noted for the record and will be forwarded to the decision-makers for their review and consideration prior to any action on the Project. As the comment does not raise any specific issues regarding the content or adequacy of the Draft IS/MND, no further response is warranted.

Appendix A
Comments Received on Initial
Study/Proposed MND for the
Climate Action, Adaptation, and
Resilience Plan Project

NOTICE OF INTENT TO ADOPT / NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY

OF AN INITIAL STUDY/MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
for the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project This serves as the City of Maywood’s Notice of Intent to adopt an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration for the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project prepared in accordancewith the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), CEQA Guidelines, and local implementation procedures.

Name of Project: City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan Project Project Location: Citywide
Lead Agency: City of Maywood, 4319 East Slauson Avenue, Maywood, CA 90270 Project Applicant: City of Maywood
Project Description: The project involves the adoption and implementation of the City of Maywood’s (City) first Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP), aimed at fostering a healthy, safe, and environmentally responsible community. Through this initiative, the City seeks to create a robust framework that addresses the challenges of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing community resilience. The CAARP outlines a strategic roadmap with clear goals and actionable measures designed to accelerate emissions reduction efforts. The CAARP also incorporates a detailed analysis of GHG emissions trends and forecasts to inform effective climate action strategies. Ultimately, the CAARP serves as a vital tool for the City to monitor progress and adjust strategies to achieve its environmental goals.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT the City proposes to adopt an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration for the above-cited project. Such Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration is based on the finding that the project would not have a significant effect on the environment. The reasons to support such a finding are documented by an Initial Study prepared by the City. The Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration and other supporting environmental documents are available for public review on the City website at https://www.cityofmaywood.com/411/Climate-Action-Adaptation-and-Resilience and at the City of Maywood, Building & Planning Department, located at 4319 East Slauson Avenue. City Hall hours: Monday – Friday: 8:00am – 5:00pm.

For questions regarding the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration, please contact:

NAME: Miguel Leon PHONE: 323-562-5714
TITLE: Deputy City Clerk/Assistant to the City Manager EMAIL: [email protected] ADDRESS: City of Maywood, 4319 East Slauson Avenue, Maywood, CA 90270 Public Review Period: Begins: January 2, 2026 Ends: February 2, 2026 Public Hearing: Consideration of the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration by the City of Maywood Planning Commission is scheduled to take place on Tuesday, March 17, 2026, at 7:00 p.m., at the City of Maywood Council Chambers located at 4319 East Slauson Avenue, Maywood, CA 90270.

Consideration of adoption of the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration by the City of Maywood City Council is tentatively scheduled to take place on Wednesday, March 25, 2026, at 6:00 p.m., at the City of Maywood Council Chambers located at 4319 East Slauson Avenue, Maywood, CA 90270.

CEQA Disclosure: The Project is city-wide, and as such the Project Site contains numerous properties included on lists enumerated under Section 65962.5 of the Government Code In accordance with the CEQA Guidelines, any comments concerning the findings of the proposed Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration must be submitted in writing and received by the City no later than 5:00 p.m. on February 2, 2026, in order to be considered prior to the City’s final determination on the project. Should you decide to challenge this project, you may be limited to the issues raised during this public review period. Please submit your written comments to Miguel Leon, Deputy City Clerk/Assistant to the City Manager, via e-mail at [email protected] or at 4319 East Slauson Avenue, Maywood, CA 90270.

were not]
was not]

2. _______________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Print Form
Notice of Determination Appendix D
To: From:

Office of Planning and Research Public Agency: ___________________________ U.S. Mail: Address: ________________________________
P.O. Box 3044
Sacramento, CA 95812-3044
Street Address:
1400 Tenth St., Rm 113
Sacramento, CA 95814
_______________________________________
Contact: _________________________________
Phone: __________________________________
County Clerk
Lead Agency (if different from above): County of: _________________________________ Address: __________________________________ Address: ________________________________ Contact: _________________________________
Phone: __________________________________
SUBJECT: Filing of Notice of Determination in compliance with Section 21108 or 21152 of the Public Resources Code.

State Clearinghouse Number (if submitted to State Clearinghouse):______________________________ Project Title: _________________________________________________________________________ Project Applicant: _____________________________________________________________________ Project Location (include county):_________________________________________________________ Project Description:

This is to advise that the ____________________________________________ has approved the above ( Lead Agency or Responsible Agency)
described project on _______________ and has made the following determinations regarding the above (date)
described project.

1. The project [ will will not] have a significant effect on the environment.

2. An Environmental Impact Report was prepared for this project pursuant to the provisions of CEQA.

A Negative Declaration was prepared for this project pursuant to the provisions of CEQA.

3. Mitigation measures [ were made a condition of the approval of the project.

4. A mitigation reporting or monitoring plan [ was was not] adopted for this project.

5. A statement of Overriding Considerations [ was adopted for this project.

6. Findings [ were were not] made pursuant to the provisions of CEQA.

This is to certify that the final EIR with comments and responses and record of project approval, or the negative Declaration, is available to the General Public at:

Signature (Public Agency): _____________________________ Title: ____________________________ Date: _______________________________ Date Received for filing at OPR: ____________________ Authority cited: Sections 21083, Public Resources Code.

Reference Section 21000-21174, Public Resources Code. Revised 2011

RESOLUTION NO. PC 26-0478

A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF

MAYWOOD RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL ADOPT

THE CITY OF MAYWOOD CLIMATE ACTION, ADAPTATION, AND

RESILIENCE PLAN (CAARP), ADOPT THE INITIAL STUDY /

MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION (IS/MND) AND MITIGATION

MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM (MMRP), AND FIND
THE PLAN CONSISTENT WITH THE CITY’S GENERAL PLAN
WHEREAS, the City of Maywood has prepared the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP) to establish a comprehensive framework to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen community resilience to climate-related impacts; and
WHEREAS, the CAARP provides strategies and actions to reduce emissions, improve environmental sustainability, and prepare the community for climate-related hazards such as extreme heat, flooding, drought, and poor air quality; and WHEREAS, the CAARP supports statewide climate goals, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 pursuant to Senate Bill 32; and
WHEREAS, the CAARP identifies strategies across multiple sectors including energy efficiency, transportation, land use planning, urban forestry, water conservation, waste reduction, and community resilience; and
WHEREAS, the CAARP supports and advances goals and policies contained within the City of Maywood General Plan, including the Land Use, Circulation, Conservation, Safety, and Environmental Justice Elements; and WHEREAS, the preparation of the CAARP included technical analysis, stakeholder engagement, community outreach, and coordination with regional agencies and community organizations; and
WHEREAS, community engagement activities included surveys, stakeholder meetings, youth focus groups, and outreach events to gather input from residents and community stakeholders regarding climate priorities and potential strategies; and WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the City prepared an Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) to evaluate potential environmental impacts associated with implementation of the CAARP; and WHEREAS, the Draft IS/MND was circulated for public review from January 2, 2026 through February 2, 2026, consistent with CEQA requirements; and WHEREAS, a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been prepared to ensure implementation of identified mitigation measures; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a duly noticed public hearing on March 17, 2026, at which time all interested persons were given the opportunity to provide testimony and present evidence regarding the proposed CAARP and associated environmental documentation; and

WHEREAS, the Planning Commission reviewed and considered the staff report, public comments, and all relevant information prior to making its recommendation to the City Council.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Planning Commission of the City of Maywood hereby finds and determines as follows:

Section 1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by this reference.

Section 2. The Planning Commission has reviewed and considered the Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) and Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act and recommends that the City Council adopt the IS/MND and MMRP.

Section 3. The Planning Commission finds that the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan is consistent with the goals, policies, and objectives of the City of Maywood General Plan.

Section 4. The Planning Commission recommends that the City Council adopt the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP).

Section 5. The Planning Commission hereby recommends that the City Council approve the CAARP and associated environmental documentation.

Section 6. The Secretary shall certify the adoption of this Resolution No. PC 26-0478.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED THIS 17th day of March 2026.

AYES:

NAYES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

Angelina Martinez
Planning Commission Chairperson
ATTEST:

Daisy Guerrero
Planning Secretary

Climate Action, Adaptation,
&
Resilience Plan
City Council
March 25, 2026

What the CAARP is designed to do Maywood CAARP
Four functions of the plan
• Reduce community-wide
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in
line with state targets.
• Improve community resilience to
climate change.
• Support environmental justice.
• Guide long-term planning, policy
development, and investment
decisions
Eight Strategy
Areas
Clean Energy
Smart Mobility
Green Buildings
Off-Road
Equipment
Zero-Emission
Vehicles
Recycling &
Organics
2035
near-term target year
2045
long-term target year
5 years
inventory / plan update
cycle
2 Water
Conservation
Adaptation &
Resilience

Findings from Engagement Maywood CAARP
3 Key Themes
• Community priorities consistently centered on cooling/shade, air quality, safer walking and biking, and more reliable transit. • Youth leaders emphasized comfortable streets, safety, and more climate education in daily life.
• Advisory Committee reinforced equity, resilience hubs, tree canopy, and concerns regarding freight / industrial emissions.

Community Surveys Two phases of surveying captured concerns first, then tested preferred solutions.

Community Events The project team connected with residents online and in person at local events.

Youth Focus Groups Youth leaders highlighted safe walking, shade, greening, and neighborhood wellbeing.

Stakeholder input Interviews and Advisory Committee meetings added implementation ideas and regional coordination.

Engagement Methods

GHG Emissions Inventory and Reduction Targets Maywood CAARP • On-road transportation increased slightly
from 2010 to 2023 and remains the City’s
largest emissions challenge (55% of
total).
• Electricity emissions fell substantially as
the grid became cleaner, despite higher
building electricity use.
• Emissions are 4% lower than 2010, but
reductions still needed to meet future
state-aligned targets.
4 Key takeaways
GHG Reduction Targets (aligned with
State)
2023 GHG Emissions
by Sector
By 2035:

Reduce emissions
57% below 2010
levels
By 2045:

Reduce emissions
86% below 2010
levels

The Pathway to Meeting Maywood’s Targets Maywood CAARP
38,446
MTCO₂e 2035 target
(57% below 2010)
12,421
MTCO₂e 2045 target
(86% below 2010)
11,100 MT CO2e/yr
annual local GHG
reductions needed by 2035
Key Takeaways
2035 target is achievable
with local action plus state
policy
2045 target requires future
policy strengthening /
CAARP updates
5 State policies play a major role in
meeting targets:
• Clean vehicle standards
• Renewable energy mandates
• Title 24 building code
• Organic waste diversion
mandate (SB 1383)

Achieving the 2035 Target – Top Strategies & Measures
A relatively small set of high-impact measures delivers most of the modeled 2035 reductions.

Maywood CAARP
Top quantified local measures by 2035 annual
reduction
B1 Improve Energy Efficiency of Existing Buildings
3, 623 MTCO₂e / year

V1 Provide Supporting Infrastructure for EVs
2, 395 MTCO₂e / year
R1 Divert Organic Waste from the Landfill
1,520 MTCO₂e / year
E1 Procure Zero-carbon Electricity for Residents and Businesses 1,440 MTCO₂e / year
B2 Retrofit Existing Buildings to be All-Electric
856 MTCO₂e / year
M2 Promote Transit-Oriented Development
469 MTCO₂e / year
6 High-Impact
Strategies
Clean Energy (E)
Smart Mobility (M)
Green Buildings (B)
Zero-Emission
Vehicles (V)
Recycling &
Organics (R)

Clean Energy and Buildings Maywood CAARP
6,240 MTCO₂e / year by 2035
From zero-carbon electricity, local solar, efficiency
retrofits, and electrification of existing buildings
Clean Energy
• Procure zero-carbon electricity for residents,
businesses, and City accounts through CPA
membership (or equivalent)
• Install rooftop solar, storage, and microgrids at
municipal and community-serving facilities.

Buildings
• Energy-efficiency audits, rebates, and
building performance improvements for
older homes and commercial buildings.
• Pursue electrification of existing buildings
and all-electric direction for new municipal
facilities.
7 27% of 2023 emissions came from
building energy use

Transportation Maywood CAARP
55% of 2023 emissions came
from on-road transportation
8 3,244 MTCO₂e / year by 2035
From cleaner vehicles, fewer vehicle trips, safer
walking and biking, and electric charging infrastructure Zero Emission Vehicles
• Install 500 publicly accessible EV chargers
citywide, including at City-owned facilities.
• Transition 55% of the municipal fleet to zeroemission vehicles by 2035.

Smart Mobility
• Promote improvements to transit services.
• Pursue transit-oriented development, active
transportation investments, and parking reform.

Waste, Water, Off-Road Equipment Maywood CAARP
Recycling &
Organics
• Coordinate with
hauler to improve
the measurement
of organics
diverted
• Improve
education, and
outreach to
community to
improve recycling
diversion rates
.

Water
Conservation
• Promote indoor
and outdoor
efficiency
• Partner with
water utilities to
expand rebates
for greywater
systems and
rainwater
harvesting
Off-Road
Equipment
• Adopt restrictions
to minimize
unnecessary
idling of off-road
equipment.
• Require private
developers to use
green
construction
methods that
reduce emissions
9 These measures provide smaller GHG reductions but are important for their resilience and public health benefits
13% of 2023 emissions
came from these sources

Climate Vulnerability Maywood CAARP
Risk Categorization
Extreme Heat High
Air Pollution High
Drought Medium-High
Extreme Storms /
Stormwater Fooding
Medium
Vector-Borne Disease Medium
Uneven
Exposure
Limited shade and greenspace, existing pollution burden, older housing stock, and overlapping social vulnerabilities raise risk.

Social Vulnerabilities
73%
of Maywood
households are
renters
1 in 4
households are
linguistically
isolated
Over 20%
of residents live
below the
poverty line
estimated tree
cover citywide
10 5%

Adaptation Strategies Maywood CAARP
Priority locations for adaptation projects include
parks, transit stops, schoolyards, community
facilities, and major walking corridors.

A1 Improve Access to
Resilience Hubs
Cooling, clean air, backup power, and
preparedness programming
A2 Strengthen
Communications and
Community Preparedness
Multilingual alerts, drills, outreach, and
hazard preparedness
A3 Expand Tree
Canopy and Structural
Shade
Canopy expansion plus structural shade
where relief is needed now
A4 Increase Natural
Stormwater
Management and
Green infrastructure
Stormwater management that also cools
streets and public spaces
A5 Upgrade Buildings
for Climate Readiness
Cooler, cleaner, more reliable indoor spaces
during heat and smoke
11

Equity is embedded in how the plan is implemented Maywood CAARP The implementation chapters emphasize
renters, low-income households, Spanishspeaking residents, and youth.

Protect
Affordability
Tenant protections, rent stabilization context, and antidisplacement safeguards are tied to retrofit and electrification actions.

Use Trusted
Communicatio
n
Bilingual outreach, bill-impact counseling, and partnerships with community-based organizations are built into multiple measures.

Expand
Access to
Benefits
Rebates, no-cost programs, transit support, and resilient facilities are directed toward households with the greatest burden.

Build Local
Workforce
The plan calls for clean energy and green building workforce partnerships so local residents can share in implementation benefits.
12

Implementation, funding, and monitoring Maywood CAARP
Implementation Timeline
• Launch core
programs
• Join CPA or similar
for green power
• Establish resilience
hub(s), strengthen
alerts, and take
early capital
actions to increase
resilience
• Build out EV
charging
infrastructure
• Advance TOD,
bike facilities, and
organics
diversion
measures
• Track
performance
objectives
• Update plan as
policy and
technology
evolve
• Leverage new
state rules and
use funding to
close the 2045
gap
• Refresh plan at
least every 5
years
Funding and
Monitoring
• Grant readiness is a major
benefit of adoption, especially
for state and federal climate
funding.
• Potential funding sources.
include CARB, Caltrans, CEC,

CPA, CPUC, SCAQMD, HUD,
and DOE programs.
• New GHG inventory and
comprehensive update at
least every five years.
• Lead implementing
departments include Building
& Planning, Public Works,
Administration, and
Community Services, with
annual or biannual reporting
to the City Council.
13 1
2026–2030
Short-term 2
2026–2035
Medium-term 3
Beyond 2035
Long-term

Questions?
Climate Action, Adaptation,
& Resiliency Plan
Consultants to the City:

Jeff Caton, Project Director
[email protected]
Elizabeth Felter, Project Manager
[email protected]

RESOLUTION NO. PC 26-0478

A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF

MAYWOOD RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL ADOPT

THE CITY OF MAYWOOD CLIMATE ACTION, ADAPTATION, AND

RESILIENCE PLAN (CAARP), ADOPT THE INITIAL STUDY /

MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION (IS/MND) AND MITIGATION

MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM (MMRP), AND FIND
THE PLAN CONSISTENT WITH THE CITY’S GENERAL PLAN
WHEREAS, the City of Maywood has prepared the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP) to establish a comprehensive framework to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen community resilience to climate-related impacts; and
WHEREAS, the CAARP provides strategies and actions to reduce emissions, improve environmental sustainability, and prepare the community for climate-related hazards such as extreme heat, flooding, drought, and poor air quality; and WHEREAS, the CAARP supports statewide climate goals, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 pursuant to Senate Bill 32; and
WHEREAS, the CAARP identifies strategies across multiple sectors including energy efficiency, transportation, land use planning, urban forestry, water conservation, waste reduction, and community resilience; and
WHEREAS, the CAARP supports and advances goals and policies contained within the City of Maywood General Plan, including the Land Use, Circulation, Conservation, Safety, and Environmental Justice Elements; and WHEREAS, the preparation of the CAARP included technical analysis, stakeholder engagement, community outreach, and coordination with regional agencies and community organizations; and
WHEREAS, community engagement activities included surveys, stakeholder meetings, youth focus groups, and outreach events to gather input from residents and community stakeholders regarding climate priorities and potential strategies; and WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the City prepared an Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) to evaluate potential environmental impacts associated with implementation of the CAARP; and WHEREAS, the Draft IS/MND was circulated for public review from January 2, 2026 through February 2, 2026, consistent with CEQA requirements; and WHEREAS, a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been prepared to ensure implementation of identified mitigation measures; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a duly noticed public hearing on March 17, 2026, at which time all interested persons were given the opportunity to provide testimony and present evidence regarding the proposed CAARP and associated environmental documentation; and
Docusign Envelope ID: B50F7239-B4B9-87A9-8361-87AE394DE14C

WHEREAS, the Planning Commission reviewed and considered the staff report, public comments, and all relevant information prior to making its recommendation to the City Council.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Planning Commission of the City of Maywood hereby finds and determines as follows:

Section 1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by this reference.

Section 2. The Planning Commission has reviewed and considered the Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) and Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act and recommends that the City Council adopt the IS/MND and MMRP.

Section 3. The Planning Commission finds that the Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan is consistent with the goals, policies, and objectives of the City of Maywood General Plan.

Section 4. The Planning Commission recommends that the City Council adopt the City of Maywood Climate Action, Adaptation, and Resilience Plan (CAARP).

Section 5. The Planning Commission hereby recommends that the City Council approve the CAARP and associated environmental documentation.

Section 6. The Secretary shall certify the adoption of this Resolution No. PC 26-0478.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED THIS 17th day of March 2026.

AYES: Martinez, Jimenez, Rodriguez
NAYES:

ABSENT: Olmedo
ABSTAIN:

Lindsay Thorson Angelina Martinez
Assistant City Attorney Planning Commission Chairperson ATTEST:

Daisy Guerrero
Planning Secretary
Docusign Envelope ID: B50F7239-B4B9-87A9-8361-87AE394DE14C

AGENDA REPORT

CITY OF MAYWOOD
AGENDA ITEM NO. 2.

DATE: March 25, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: JENNIFER VASQUEZ, CITY MANAGER
BY: GABRIEL GRAJEDA, ADMINISTRATIVE ANALYST
SUBJECT: PUBLIC HEARING AND CONSIDERATION OF RESOLUTION NO. 6453 ACCEPTING AND

ADOPTING THE URBAN FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MAKING A FINDING OF

EXEMPTION UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) GUIDELINE 15061(B)(3)
RECOMMENDATION:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt Resolution No. 6453 approving the Urban Forest Management Plan and find that adoption of the resolution is exempt under CEQA pursuant to CEQA Guideline 15061(b)(3).

BACKGROUND:

In July 2021, the City of Maywood submitted an “Urban Forest Management Activities Grant” application to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) and was awarded the grant in March 2022.

On September 14, 2022, the City Council authorized the approval of a Professional Services Agreement with nonprofit Amigos De Los Rios to carry out the objectives of the Urban and Community Forestry Program Grant awarded to the City by Cal Fire. The grant objective had three main components: 1) The planting of 200 trees as a tree planting program; 2) Expansion of the City’s greening education and stewardship through community engagement; and 3) Planning and creation of the City’s Urban Forest Management Plan.

The Urban Forest Management Plan (UFMP) has been developed to establish a comprehensive, long-term strategy for managing Maywood’s public trees and expanding the community’s urban canopy. The Urban Forest Management Plan formally articulates:
• An assessment of the existing tree conditions and canopy coverage. • Environmental, ecological, and public health considerations. • Benefits of a healthy urban forest and opportunities for growth. • Goals, strategies, and implementation steps to guide long-term management. • A tree species selection guide and relevant tree planting policies.

The UFMP is a planning document that will guide local decisions on maintenance, protection, planting, and longterm stewardship of Maywood’s urban forest. The UFMP coincides with actionable efforts identified from the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan. The UFMP accompanies and informs the Safety Element as a supportive plan as it addresses climate and hazard mitigation goals. The UFMP addresses the current state of the city’s limited tree canopy, existing tree planting program, and the need for expanded tree cover as part of climate adaptation. This supportive plan directly addresses the Safety Element’s recommendation for tree-based mitigation strategies for the purpose of reducing extreme urban heat in Maywood.

In addition to practical guidance on the maintenance and support of the city’s tree canopy, the UFMP ultimately allows the community to enjoy the benefits of an urban forest. Adoption of the UFMP solidifies the City’s goal of growing, preserving, and maintaining both new and old tree canopies which will continuously improve the beautification of the City as well as the quality of life for all Maywood residents.

This final draft of the Urban Forest Management Plan is presented to the City Council for approval.

DISCUSSION:

The Urban Forest Management Plan provides a unified, strategic framework for managing, maintaining, and expanding Maywood’s urban forest. Adoption of the UFMP ensures that the City’s tree-related decisions are proactive, coordinated, and aligned with environmental, public health, and community goals.

Purpose and Need: Maywood’s urban forest is a critical public asset that contributes to environmental quality, climate resilience, and neighborhood livability. Without a formal plan, tree maintenance and planting occur on a reactive, project by project basis. The UFMP establishes a structured approach that:
• Protects and enhances existing canopy.
• Prioritizes equitable distribution of shade and environmental benefits. • Supports climate adaptation and heat mitigation strategies. • Provides a foundation for grant funding and regional partnerships.

Implementation: The Urban Forest Management Plan (UFMP) provides a structured roadmap that guides the City’s approach to maintaining, planning, and expanding its urban forest. It establishes predictable pruning cycles, clear risk-assessment procedures, and consistent standards for tree health and safety. The Plan also ensures that urban forestry considerations are incorporated into capital projects, development review, and long-term infrastructure planning, treating trees as essential public assets. In addition, it directs the City’s cultivation and growth strategies by prioritizing drought-tolerant, climate-resilient species and focusing canopy expansion in neighborhoods with limited shade or higher environmental burdens, supporting both environmental sustainability and community well-being.

Current Tree Planting Program: Supplemental to the establishment of the Urban Forest Management Plan and as provided for by the Urban and Community Forestry Program Grant, the planting of 200 tree plantings in partnership with Amigos De Los Rios was completed at the end of February 2026. Planted trees have been purchased and planted in accordance with Cal Fire standards and specifications including species that require lower maintenance, are drought tolerant, and contribute to a high rate of carbon sequestration.

Community Engagement: A series of community tree planting events, stewardship, public education events and presentations have occurred over the past several years on the importance an urban forest. Education efforts of the UFMP have included social media outreach and the city’s website, where information on the benefits of an urban forest remains available. The purpose of education and fostering stewardship has been to increase support of the UFMP by communicating its benefits, receiving community feedback, and furthering the community’s understanding of the urban forest as an asset. For example, at the 2024 Trunk-or-Treat event, a survey was conducted where residents were asked to select their favorite tree from a selection of choices to assess community preference. An informal 25-day public review period began March 23, 2026 and ended April 19, 2026. To support outreach notifications were sent out on Maywood Connect, announcements of the review period were posted on social media (2,782 views on Instagram and 1,197 views on Facebook), UFMP posted on the city's website, and available for review the city hall public front counter. Additionally, 32 students from Maywood Center for Enriched Studies Magnet (MaCES) High School contributed their thoughts in support of tree planting and provided valuable testimonials on their experiences as residents of the community and ideas such as establishing and annual volunteer tree planting day and suggestions for planting areas in the city that can be referenced for future efforts.

Below is a summary of past and planned community engagement activities in support of urban tree canopy education, and UFMP preparation.

No. Community Event Name Date
1 Trunk-or-Treat Event 10/27/2022

2 Community Tree Planting Event 12/17/2022
3 Community Tree Planting Event 3/11/2023
4 Community Tree Planting Event 3/14/2023
5 Earth Day Celebration 4/20/2024
6 Trunk or Treat Event 10/24/2024
7 City Council Presentation Update 3/26/2025
8 Earth Day Celebration 4/26/2025
9 Trunk-or-Treat Event 10/30/2025
10 Community Tree Planting Event 2/21/2026
11 Community Tree Planting Event 2/28/2026
12 Earth Day Celebration 4/22/2026
The Urban Forest Management Plan provides a clear, strategic framework for protecting and enhancing the City of Maywood’s urban forest. Adoption of the Plan will guide the City’s efforts to maintain a healthy, resilient, and equitable tree canopy for years to come.

LEGAL REVIEW:

The City Attorney has reviewed this report.

FISCAL IMPACT:

There are no fiscal impacts related to this action.

ATTACHMENT(S)

1. Resolution No. 6453

2. Maywood Urban Forest Management Plan 2026 (FINAL)

3. UFMP City Council Presentation 3-25-26

4. Planning Commission - UFMP Resolution No. PC 26-0479

RESOLUTION NO. 6453

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
MAYWOOD, CALIFORNIA, ADOPTING THE CITY’S URBAN

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MAKING A FINDING

OF EXEMPTION UNDER THE CALIFORNIA

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) GUIDELINE
15061 (B)(3)
WHEREAS, the City of Maywood was awarded an Urban Forest Management Activities Grant from Cal Fire to support tree planting, community stewardship, and development of the Urban Forest Management Plan (UFMP), implemented in partnership with Amigos de los Rios; and
WHEREAS, the UFMP establishes a comprehensive, long-term strategy for managing, protecting, and expanding Maywood’s urban forest, including assessments of existing conditions, environmental benefits, tree species selection guidance, and policies for maintenance and planting; and
WHEREAS, the UFMP supports the City’s General Plan Safety Element by advancing climate‑resilience and hazard‑mitigation strategies, including tree‑based approaches to reducing extreme urban heat and improving environmental and public health outcomes; and
WHEREAS, the City has engaged the community through tree‑planting events, education, and outreach, and continues to implement a 200‑tree planting program using drought‑tolerant, climate‑resilient species in accordance with Cal Fire standards; and WHEREAS, adoption of the UFMP ensures proactive, coordinated, and equitable urban forest management and is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3);

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MAYWOOD HEREBY FINDS, RESOLVES, DECLARES, DETERMINES AND ORDER AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. The recitals set forth in this Resolution are true and correct and incorporated herein as if set forth in full.

Section 2. The City Council hereby accepts and adopts the Urban Forest Management Plan (UFMP) as the City’s guiding document for the long‑term management, protection, and expansion of Maywood’s urban forest.

Section 3. The City Council finds that adoption of the Urban Forest Management Plan is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3), the common‑sense exemption, as it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility the adoption of the Plan may have a significant effect on the environment.

Section 4. The City Council directs staff to utilize the Urban Forest Management Plan in guiding decisions related to tree maintenance, planting, protection, and stewardship, and to incorporate its strategies into capital projects and long‑term infrastructure planning.

Section 5. The City Council further directs staff to continue community engagement, education, and stewardship activities that support implementation of the Urban Forest Management Plan and promote public awareness of the benefits of a healthy urban forest.

Section 6. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon its passage and approval and the City Clerk shall certify the passage and adoption of this Resolution and shall enter it into the book of original resolutions.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED THIS 25th day of March, 2026.

Heber Marquez, Mayor
ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Miguel Leon, Deputy City Clerk Roxanne Diaz, City Attorney

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES

CITY OF MAYWOOD
I, Miguel Leon, Deputy City Clerk of the City of Maywood, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 6453, was adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Maywood held on the 25th day of March 2026 by the following vote:

AYES:

NAYES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

Miguel Leon, Deputy City Clerk

City of Maywood
Urban Forestry Management Plan 2026
Prepared by:

Amigos de los Rios
65 South Grand Ave
Pasadena, CA 91105
In grant support from:

2 Urban Forestry Management Plan
Developed in partnership with environmental advocates Amigos de los Ríos, the Urban Forest Management Plan serves to improve the long-term management and immediate care of the City of Maywood’s urban forest.

The plan is funded through a California Urban and Community Forestry Grant, by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFire) through the State’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. “This Urban Forest Management Plan builds on Maywood’s
dedication to conservation, thoughtful land use, and
practical climate‑resilience efforts. It strengthens our commitment to creating healthier neighborhoods,
enhancing community spaces, and ensuring a sustainable
future for all Maywood families.”
- Jennifer Vasquez, City Manager

3 Acknowledgements
City of Maywood
Heber Marquez, Mayor
Jaime Flores, Mayor Pro Tem
Eddie de la Riva, Councilmember
Frank Garcia, Councilmember
Mayra Aguiluz, Councilmember
Jennifer Vasquez, City Manager
Jerry Gomez, Public Works Superintendent
Daisy Guerrero, Deputy Director of Building
and Planning
Amigos de los Ríos
Claire Robinson, Founder and Managing
Director
Marian Coensgen, Volunteer Event Manager
Abel de la Mora, PlanIt Geo Consultant
Sarah Pando, California Climate Action
Corps Fellow
Mitra Saboury, California Climate Action
Corps Fellow
Nurjannah Wiryadimejo, California Climate
Action Corps Fellow
Service and Community
Engagement Partners
Southeast Rio Vista YMCA
Maywood Youth Commission
Maywood Mutual Water Co
Maywood Manor Co-Op Apartments
Utility Partner Companies
Southern California Edison
Southern California Gas Company
Tri City Mutual Water Company
Universal Waste Systems (UWS)
Consultants
West Coast Arborists
Charlotte Coco Greene, Data Science Fellow

4 Contents
Executive Summary..........................................................................................................................................5 I. Introduction....................................................................................................................................................6 II. Natural History and Ecological Contex ................................................................................................ 18 III. Environmental Justice, Climate, and Public Health.......................................................................... 20 IV. Urban Forestry Benefits ........................................................................................................................ 28 V. Current State of Maywood’s Urban Forest ....................................................................................... 29 VI. Opportunity to Grow.............................................................................................................................. 37 VII. Goals and Strategies .............................................................................................................................. 43 VIII. Implementation ..................................................................................................................................... 49 IX. Tree Species Selection Strategy........................................................................................................... 52 X. Roles, Partnerships, and Coordination................................................................................................. 58 XI. Relevant Policies and Potential Funding Partners ........................................................................... 67 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................................... 69 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 93

5 Executive Summary
The City of Maywood’s Urban Forestry Management Plan (UFMP) sets forth a clear and actionable strategy to strengthen and grow the City’s urban forest for the next ten years. Trees act as essential natural infrastructure, providing shade, improving air quality, supporting public health, reducing extreme heat, and strengthening climate resilience.

Maywood’s current citywide canopy coverage is 11%, the below Los Angeles County’s average of 16%, with the lowest coverage in communities facing the greatest public health and environmental challenges. In response, the UFMP establishes a goal to increase city-wide canopy coverage from 11% to 13% by 2035 through the planting and long-term care of approximately 2,000 new trees.

Implementation includes planting approximately 200 trees every year, ensuring proper species choice, planting, establishment, and maintenance over the long term to protect public safety and infrastructure.

Successful implementation relies on coordination across all City departments and strong community partnerships. The UFMP aligns with several elements of the City’s General plan and will be supported through partnerships with Amigos de los Ríos (Amigos), long-time non-profit partner with a mission to increase access to green infrastructure, and West Coast Arborists, the City’s contracted arborists.

This Urban Forestry Management Plan represents a commitment to resilience, equity, and stewardship, ensuring that the benefits of a healthy and thriving urban forest reach residents that need it the most now, and for generations to come.

6 I. Introduction
Land Acknowledgment
The City of Maywood, as part of the Greater Los Angeles Area, is the ancestral and traditional homeland of the Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians (Tataviam), Ventureño Chumash (Chumash), Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians - Kizh (Kizh), Gabrielino -Tongva (Tongva), Tejon Indian Tribe (Kitanemuk), and San Manuel Band of Mission Indians (Serrano). These Tribes have maintained and continue their connection and relationship with these lands to this day.

Our Vision
The City of Maywood is planting seeds - literally and figuratively - for a greener, healthier future through its new Urban Forest Management Plan (UFMP). By growing the urban forest, the city envisions healthier residents, cooler neighborhoods, and public spaces that support community well-being, environmental resilience, and long-term sustainable solutions.

Purpose of the Plan
The urban forest of Maywood is a vital and distinctive asset for the city. The network of trees and greenery that weaves through public spaces, rights-of-ways, residential neighborhoods, parks and commercial areas supports environmental, social, and economic well-being, offering heat reduction, cleaner air, stormwater mitigation, habitat for local wildlife, and inviting communal spaces for connection and recreation.

The UFMP provides a structured roadmap for the long-term enhancement, stewardship, and protection of the urban forest. It presents an integrated framework of vision, goals, strategies, and actions—grounded in data, collaborative community input, and sustainable forestry best practices—to guide city decision-making and urban forestry operations. As a supporting implementation document to the City’s General Plan, the UFMP advances key General Plan goals related to environmental sustainability, public health, climate resilience, and equitable access to green infrastructure. Through this alignment, the UFMP strengthens the health of both the City and the community that resides there.

7 As a Gateway City that sits adjacent to the 710 corridor and just south of industrial land uses, Maywood faces growing challenges associated with excessive urban heat, air pollution and equity concerns in tree distribution. As climate pressures intensify and urban conditions evolve, bolstering the city’s tree canopy is critical to serve 24,000 people who call Maywood home. With 11% average tree canopy coverage and a population with an average $61,000 median household income, Maywood is considered a socially vulnerable community. As such, addressing the needs of this community are to be accomplished in an equitable way. Tree canopy should be prioritized in areas with sub-populations that are the most vulnerable to heat events, and diminished air quality. This sub-population includes young children, senior citizens over 65, and persons with disabilities. While the concept is straightforward, the practical application presents significant challenges, as the equitable distribution of trees is only possible with stable funding sources as well as policy implementation and residential and business community support.

Maywood’s current tree canopy averages at 11% and we seek to increase overall city wide tree canopy coverage from 11% to 13% by adding an additional 2,000 trees over the next ten years.

This plan comes at a pivotal time, aiming to ensure that both current and future generations enjoy multiple benefits of a flourishing urban tree canopy. As climate pressures intensify and urban conditions evolve, growing the City’s tree canopy is critical to serve its residents.

8 Figure 1: TreePlotter Canopy Data by Census Block Group (2022)P Figure 1 illustrates the range of tree canopy coverage across the City of Maywood and highlights significant disparities in canopy distribution between different neighborhoods.

9 Process to Establish Urban Management Plan Canopy
Goals

1. Current Tree Canopy - Assessment and Baseline
Using TreePlotter’s 2022 LiDAR data, a baseline assessment was completed to understand the current condition of the urban forest.

2. Goals and Strategies - Mapping Potential Tree Opportunity Sites:

Opportunity sites were identified to prioritize public health benefits and environmental protection. The plan establishes a clear, community-focused framework to increase tree canopy coverage from 11% to 13%, supported by measurable goals, policies, tree planting, and long-term tree care. It also supports special projects such as the development of a Fruit Tree District, the beautification of civic spaces, and the expansion of green schools.

3. Actionable Implementation Plan:

List a set of prioritized actions—ranging from immediate to long-term—outlines implementation steps, potential partners, community engagement and participation strategies, and assigned responsibilities for current staff and contractors.

4. Monitoring & Adaptation:

Committing to regularly tracking progress, refining strategies, remaining responsive to evolving community needs, and strengthening community partnerships to ensure successful and equitable outcomes.

Maywood’s UFMP is crafted to be dynamic and inclusive—integrating community input, aligning with general plan goals, and adapting over time to the City’s ecological, cultural, and social priorities.

Implementing Maywood’s General Plan
Growing the urban forest through strategic tree planting will support several elements of Maywood’s General Plan, as outlined below. The UFMP functions as an implementation tool that translates General Plan goals and policies into actionable items, standards, and investments.

Through data-driven identification of priority planting areas, establishment of canopy coverage targets, guidance on tree species selection, and coordinated tree planting, maintenance, and

10 monitoring strategies, the UFMP advances General Plan objectives related to public health, environmental sustainability, climate resilience, equity, and community livability.

1. Environmental Justice Element Goals:
● Reduce exposure to pollution
● Promote public facilities such as the library and City Hall ● Promote food access
● Promote safe and sanitary home
● Promote physical activity
● Reduce unique or compound health risks not otherwise addressed ● Promote civic engagement in the public decision-making process Planting trees will aid in addressing environmental justice issues affecting Maywood residents by helping to filter pollutants in the air and promote physical activity. Added shade and greenery will also help improve aesthetics and protect residents against heat-related risks. Moreover, the planting of fruit trees will increase food access for residents.

2. Conservation Element Goals:
● “Provide a sensitive integration of natural and urban environments.” ● “Provide for the proper management of natural resources both in the city and region so that they may be protected for the benefit of present and future residents.”
● “Improving air and water quality in the region.”
Planting native trees and shrubs will help improve air, water quality and biodiversity within the city. Best practice management of these trees will ensure the city is protected for the benefit of the present and future generations.

3. Open Space Element Goals:
● “Continue to provide open space to improve the quality of the environment.” ● “Provide open space to meet the specific needs of the citizens of the City of Maywood.”
Planting trees and growing the urban forest will help to improve the quality of the parks and open spaces in the city.

11 4. Circulation Element Goals:
● “Facilitate access to public transportation that is safe and responsive to changing transit demands”
● “Provide for an extensive, integrated, and safe bicycle, and pedestrian network throughout the community, and make Maywood a pedestrian-friendly community”
● “Ensure that residents, workers, and visitors have increased access to emerging transportation options and further encourage alternative transportation.” Planting trees will add shade coverage along transit corridors, bus stops, sidewalks, future bike lanes thus enhancing shade, and beautifying areas for residents to walk, bike or utilize public transit.

To fully implement this UFMP, the City’s Public Works and Building and Planning Departments, will also need to adopt or amend local landscape and tree requirements so staff can condition future projects. This includes adding minimum shade tree requirements for commercial parking lots, adding tree and screening requirements for industrial uses, and requiring replacement of removed palms with approved canopy species. These amendments will allow staff to cite the UFMP directly in plan check, staff reports, and conditions of approval.

12 Figure 2: Proposed Roadway Facility Improvements (source: City of Maywood Active Transportation Plan)
Figure 2 shows the City of Maywood’s proposed bicycle network and roadway facility improvements as identified in the 2023 Active Transportation Plan. The map highlights recommended bike routes (striped bike lanes) and local bike networks that improve connectivity across residential neighborhoods, schools, parks, and key community destinations. Proposed routes prioritize east–west and north–south connections, particularly along major roadway corridors such as Slauson Avenue, while linking to the surrounding cities of Bell and Huntington Park. The figure also shows access points to the Los Angeles River Bike Path, located along the eastern edge of the city. These proposed roadway improvements aim to enhance mobility, safety, and active transportation for residents by creating more accessible bicycle networks throughout the City. Moreover, the proposed corridors highlight opportunity sites for tree planting, which will aid in providing shade, reducing the urban heat island effect, improving cyclist and pedestrian comfort, and enhancing the overall streetscape.

5. Economic Development Element Goals:
● “Encourage businesses to locate in Maywood.”

13 ● “Promote Maywood's location in Southern California as an ideal place for businesses.”
Planting trees will help attract more business and visitors to the city therefore, increasing economic activity.

Below is a summary of the applicable Elements of the City's General Plan that provide support for the UFMP in relation to landscaping and tree planting guidance:

Element
Name
Scope of Element & Summary Existing Landscaping
and Tree Planting Policy
Conservation
Element
Focuses on the protection and
maintenance of the state’s natural
resources. Maywood’s natural
resources are limited and as a result,
there is little to conserve. The
vegetation and wildlife species that
exist in Maywood are for the most
part supported by people. The goals
and policies of this element
pertaining to vegetation and wildlife
establish new standards for
landscaping or street median,
parkways, and new development.
● Landscaping and Vegetative Cover: Policy 1.1
requires landscaping and vegetative cover for
its own value and as wildlife habitat.
● Drought-Resistant Trees and Plants: Policy 3.3
requires drought-resistant trees and plants for
all new landscaping in commercial and
industrial developments.
● Water-Saving Irrigation Systems: Policy 3.4
encourages water conservation in residential,
commercial, and industrial developments
through the use of water-saving irrigation
systems.

Circulation
Element
Outlines the City's transportation
system, policies, and plans for
improving multimodal circulation and
addressing environmental justice.

The document includes several
landscape-related recommendations,
primarily aimed as complimentary to
pedestrian and bicycle safety
improvements, enhancing city
aesthetics, and addressing
environmental concerns.
● The Complete Streets Policy (adopted by
Resolution No. 6158):
○ In the planning and implementing of street
projects, the city will maintain sensitivity to
local conditions. Street trees, landscaping,
and planting strips are improvement
elements that will be considered (Exhibit A).
○ Acknowledges that since 2021, the City has
coordinated with local non-profit
organizations to add street trees to areas of
the city most affected by the urban heat
island effect (pg. 4.17)
○ Includes a recommendation that new
commercial development projects provide
adequate bicycle and pedestrian facilities
and amenities, such as street trees,
landscaping, paving, benches, waste
receptacles, and bicycle rack (pg. 4.18)
● Curb Extensions: Landscaping elements may be
considered in the extension of sidewalks (pg.
70).
● Public Utilities: The City operates under a "dig
once" policy for utility work, which encourages
the addition of street trees and other

14 landscaping treatments when roadways are
disrupted for utility work (pg. 4.26)
Environmental
Justice Element
The document outlines the
Environmental Justice Element of
Maywood's General Plan Update,
focusing on addressing public health
and environmental issues for
disadvantaged communities in
compliance with California's Senate
Bill 1000.
● Environmental Justice Goal & Policies: To
reduce exposure to pollution the city has
adopted a policy to continue and expand the
City’s tree planting program to maximize air
quality improvements and urban heat island
mitigation (pg. 4.25).

Housing
Element
The Housing Element of Maywood's
General Plan outlines housing
challenges, characteristics, and
strategies for the community.
● General Recommendations: The City
encourages the use of drought-tolerant
landscaping through the plan check process (pg.

3.123)
● Tree Planting:
○ The City plans to prioritize tree plantings
and streetscape improvement programs,
particularly in lower-income
neighborhoods, including the TCACdesignated area of high segregation and poverty (Census Tract 5334.02) (pg 3.133).
○ Tree planting is part of the Place-Based
Neighborhood Improvements program,
with annual tree planting initiatives starting
in 2022 (pg. 3.132).

Land Use
Element
The document is an update of the
Land Use Element of Maywood's
General Plan, outlining goals, policies,
and frameworks for managing land
use and development in the city.
● Screening Requirements for Industrial Users:

The City will review and strengthen regulations
for the establishment and operation of
industrial uses to address parking, landscaping,
screening of storage areas, and minimize
nuisances such as smoke, noise, odors, and
vibrations (pg. 39).
● City Aesthetics: Community aesthetics apply to
both private and public properties, particularly
streetscape improvements. Enhancements may
include street trees, undergrounding of utilities,
street furniture, enhanced paving, signage, and
lighting (pg. 41).

Safety Element Strategies to reduce risks from
various hazards, including climate
change, and improve community
safety and resilience.
● Heat Mitigation Programs:
○ To improve planning for, responding to,
and recovering from hazards and disasters
that affect Maywood, the City will mitigate
the urban heat island effect using green
infrastructure and low-impact development
techniques, including completing the Urban
Forestry Plan and increasing the tree
canopy along Maywood’s streets and in
parks and other public spaces and prioritize
planting native trees (pg. 3.22 and 4.25).

15 ○ Efforts include the selection of trees that
maximize shade while minimizing irrigation
needs and selection of low-maintenance
greening for park renovations (pg. 4.25).

Open Space
Element
Details goals, policies, and standards
for managing and developing open
space and recreational facilities
within the urban environment.
● Street Trees & Landscaping (for Industrial and
Commercial Use):
○ Policy 1.2 states, “Improve the city image
by planting and maintaining street trees.”
(pg. 4-2).
○ Policy 1.4 requires all commercial street
perimeters must have a minimum 5-foot
wide planting border, planted with trees
not over 40 feet apart, and low shrubs and
ground cover must be provided; and
landscaped area must be a minimum of 2
percent of the total land area (pg. 4-7).
○ Policy 2.2 requires maintenance of existing
landscaping plantings in commercial and
industrial developments (pg. 4-3).
● Residential Landscaping: Policy 1.7 requires all
new residential developments to have
permanent landscaping in the front setback
area and at the entry side of buildings. This
landscaping must include at least one 15-gallon
size tree (pg. 4-2).
● General Landscaping Standards: Open Space
Policy 2.1 requires all frontages, interior courts,
open space areas, and boundary areas in all
developments must be landscaped.
● Landscaping and Tree Requirements for
Commercial Parking Lots: Open Space Policy

1.3 requires landscaping in parking areas to
include one 16-gallon size tree or greater for
every 10 parking spaces, or one tree for every
20 parking spaces in a continuous double row
(pg. 4-7).

Table 1: Summary of the Applicable Elements of the City's General Plan

16 II. Natural History and Ecological Contex
Natural History
The historical ecology of Maywood prior to urbanization consisted primarily of coastal sage scrub across inland areas and riparian habitats adjacent to the Los Angeles River. Coastal sage scrub communities are characterized by low- to medium-sized shrubs with semi-woody stems and shallow root systems. Common plant species historically found in these habitats include purple sage (Salvia leucophylla), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), black sage (Salvia mellifera), isocoma, golden yarrow (Eriophyllum confertiflorum), monkeyflower (Diplacus spp.), and California encelia (Encelia californica). Coastal sage scrub ecosystems support a diverse array of wildlife, including birds, reptiles, and other vertebrates, and provide critical habitat for sensitive species such as the endangered avian California Gnatcatcher. Soils in these areas are typically sandy or derived from mudstone and shale, and vegetation is adapted to low annual rainfall and prolonged drought conditions.

Riparian forest habitats historically occurred along the Los Angeles River and associated waterways. These ecosystems consist of moderately sized shrubs, large-stature canopy trees, and a low-growing herbaceous understory. Common riparian shrubs include California wild grape (Vitis californica), California wild rose (Rosa californica), California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), elderberry (Sambucus spp.), and poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum). Dominant canopy trees historically included cottonwood (Populus spp.), California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), valley oak (Quercus lobata), white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), and Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia). These riparian systems supported high biodiversity, including numerous amphibian, reptile, and mammal species. Soils in riparian areas are typically moist and composed of coarse, gravelly, or rocky substrates, with vegetation adapted to deeper groundwater access through extensive root systems.

17 Image of California Elderberry, California Grape, California Wild Rose, California Blackberry (Images from Calscape and Calflora)
Climate Conditions and Future Considerations
Maywood experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Average summer temperatures reach approximately 84°F, while average winter temperatures are around 65°F. Annual precipitation averages approximately 14.7 inches.

Understanding these climatic conditions is critical for informing tree species selection, irrigation planning, and long-term canopy management. Tree species selected for planting must be droughttolerant while also capable of withstanding periodic cool and wet winter conditions.

Under future climate change scenarios, Maywood is expected to experience increased frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, prolonged drought conditions, and compounding climate impacts such as flooding and wildfire risk. These stressors will place additional pressure on the urban forest. Selecting tree species that are well adapted to both current and projected climate conditions is essential to establishing a resilient and healthy urban canopy. Appropriate species selection can reduce long-term watering demands, minimize maintenance needs, and lower susceptibility to pests and disease. Species recommendations provided later in the UFMP reflect these ecological and climate considerations.

18 III. Environmental Justice, Climate, and
Public Health
Environmental justice, climate resiliency, and public health are interconnected issues that shape the quality of life for residents every day. Historic land use decisions, industrial activities, and disinvestment have resulted in disproportionate environmental burdens. These burdens include poor air quality, extreme heat, and limited access to green infrastructure. As climate change intensifies these challenges and makes addressing these inequities becomes increasingly critical.

This section uses data-driven tools and spatial analysis to ensure the UFMP is responsive to the City’s unique environmental and public health challenges.

Historic Redlining and Its Lasting Impacts in Maywood
Redlining was a policy established in 1935 by the United States Congress to assist Americans struggling to pay their mortgages during the Great Depression. The Congressional organization called the Homeowners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) guided mortgage lenders on the "desirability" of residential neighborhoods. This desirability was often based on the racial and ethnic minorities that made up an area. For example, communities that were seen as more “desirable” were given an “A” grading with the shade green while “risky and hazardous” areas were ranked as “C” or “D” with a yellow or red shading. Communities with a high racial and ethnic minority often received a “D” rating and were shaded in red on official HOLC desirability maps, thus where the term redlining began to form.

This redline grading affected the amount of financial support going into communities, and the opportunities available in these areas. With little federal funding, redlined neighborhoods experienced a lack in quality public infrastructure, economic mobility, educational opportunities and healthy green spaces.

19 Figure 3: HOLC L.A. County Map
The effects of redlining can still be seen to this day. Figure 3 shows the HOLC grading of Los Angeles County and labels the City of Maywood and its surrounding areas as being labeled as “declining” and designated with yellow shading often characterized with residents considered working-class. According to Census Data from 2020, currently over 97% of people in Maywood identify as Hispanic or Latino. For decades, Maywood has struggled with air quality issues, environmental resources, soil quality and reduced access to tree canopy cover. These impacts have only been exacerbated due to the city’s proximity to the 710 freeway and main roads such as Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard as major arterials contributing to vehicle emissions to the area.

Significant portions of Maywood were used for industrial activity throughout most of the 20th century. Over the years lead toxins from the Exide Battery plant had leached into the soil of surrounding residents homes and inhibited their access to clean planting soil. Tree planting was inhibited due to the high amount of soil pollutants which have now been remediated.

20 Historical Pollution Burdens and Legacy Impacts
Historically, the community has suffered from decades of pollution burden. This includes the impact of Ford Motor Company (1920-1971) and Chrysler Corporation auto assembly plants (1948-1957). These assembly plants left legacy emissions and waste impacts including volatile organic compounds and contaminated wastewater, which contributed to air and water pollution and public health impacts. The city was also exposed to toxins from the Exide Battery Plant, located in Maywood from 1922-2015. Poisonous dust emitted from their plant containing lead and arsenic has required extensive soil remediation in Maywood.

Figure 4: Exide Clean Up Map provided by the Department of Toxic Substances Control (Quarter 1 2026)
Figure 4 illustrates the Department of Toxic Substances Control’s (DTSC) clean up progress throughout the City of Maywood impacted by Exide-related soil contamination as of January 2026. The map categorizes parcels by cleanup status, including properties that have been tested,

21 remediated, cleared, or remain under investigation. This visualization illustrates the disproportionate burden of environmental contamination experienced by Maywood’s predominantly low-income and disadvantaged community, where historic industrial pollution has resulted in long-term public health risks.

Maywood’s Environmental and Public Health Challenges
The State of California database known as ‘CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Indicator Map’ (2021) stipulates the pollution burden the City is experiencing. The maps below display three key indicators: PM

2.5, toxic releases from facilities, and traffic impacts pollution. These indicators were chosen due to Maywood’s proximity to the 710 freeway and their history with the Exide Battery Plant.

Figure 5: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 for the City of Maywood Pollution Burden PM2.5 (2021) PM2.5, or fine particulate matter, are tiny airborne pollution particles that are 2.5 micrometers or smaller in diameter. These particles are a mix of substances such as metals, soot, dust, and chemicals. Due to their small size, PM2.5 can travel deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, increasing the risk of heart and lung disease. Common sources are vehicle emissions,

22 industrial activity, and fires. Vulnerable groups include children, seniors, and individuals with asthma, chronic illness, or existing heart and lung conditions.

Figure 5 shows that Maywood falls within the 80th to 90th percentile for PM2.5 exposure burden statewide, indicating that the community faces a significantly high pollution burden.

Figure 6: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 for the City of Maywood Pollution Burden Toxic Release (2021) Toxic release refers to the emission of harmful chemicals from a facility. People residing near a facility may be exposed to contaminated air daily or if there is an accidental release.

Figure 6 illustrates that Maywood is in the 80th to 90th percentile pollution burden statewide due to toxic release from facilities suggesting that they are experiencing a high pollution burden from emissions from facilities.

23 Figure 7: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 for the City of Maywood Pollution Burden Traffic Impacts (2021) California has the largest freeway network in the country, and its cities are well known for heavy traffic. While the state enforces strict vehicle emission standards, cars and trucks remain the leading source of air pollution. Freeways place a heavy burden on nearby neighborhoods, exposing them to both pollution and noise.

Figure 7 shows the range of traffic pollution exposure across Maywood. The eastern section of the City is in the 90th to 100th percentile suggesting that residents living near the 710 freeway are experiencing a high pollution burden. Areas further from the freeway range from 20th to 60th percentile.

24 Figure 8: California Healthy Places Index for the City of Maywood The Healthy Places Index (HPI) is a tool developed by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California to measure and visualize the relationship between place and health. It helps identify which communities in California experience the most health disadvantages and are in need of investment.

The HPI uses 25 indicators across eight key policy action areas such as education, housing, transportation, clean environment, and neighborhood conditions. These indicators are strongly linked to life expectancy and overall health outcomes. Some indicators include air quality, walkability, access to parks, housing stability, income, and job opportunities.

A community that has a lower score suggests that the area is facing structural disadvantages, environmental burdens, or underinvestment while a community with a higher score has more of the social, economic, and environmental conditions that support good health. The HPI average for Los Angeles County is 48.2% while the City of Maywood’s is 15.6% suggesting that the city is experiencing less healthy conditions due to environmental burdens and underinvestment.

25 Climate Change and Extreme Heat Risks
Figure 9: California Healthy Places Index: Extreme Heat Edition for City of Maywood The California Healthy Places Index (HPI): Extreme Heat Edition, developed by the Public Health Alliance in collaboration with the UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation, offers data on projected heat exposure across the state of California. It also includes place-based indicators that assess community conditions as well as data on sensitive populations.

The number of projected extreme heat days above 90 degrees Fahrenheit between 2035 to 2064 is estimated at 77.2. The median value for the state is 79.9 days. Although Maywood is projected to experience fewer extreme heat days than the state average, addressing heat remains a priority to protect community health and safety amid the growing impacts of climate change. Extreme heat also has far-reaching effects on infrastructure, energy demand, wildfire risk and more. From a health perspective, it can lead to conditions such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, while also triggering or worsening cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and mental health illnesses.

26 IV. Urban Forestry Benefits
All trees within the City of Maywood collectively make up its urban forest. Expanding the urban forest is essential, as trees serve as vital natural infrastructure that enhances both the livability and resilience of cities. Trees provide a wide range of environmental, public health, and economic benefits.

Environmental Benefits

1. Improving Air Quality
a. Urban forests filter our air by absorbing pollutants and releasing clean air.

Pollutants include nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, dust, and smoke. b. Urban forests act as carbon sinks, helping to offset carbon dioxide and mitigate climate change.

2. Stormwater Capture
a. Urban forests help prevent flooding by capturing stormwater through their root systems.
b. Their root systems are capable of removing pollutants and slow water absorption into the soil.

3. Supporting Biodiversity
a. Urban forests offer habitat for numerous species of mammals, insects, fungi, and plants.

4. Climate Resiliency
a. Urban forests cool cities helping to mitigate the urban heat island effect. b. Trees are able to provide shade and release water vapor through a process called transpiration.
c. Urban forests cool cities due to their ability to absorb greenhouse gases.

Public Health Benefits

1. Improving Air Quality and Respiratory Health
a. Urban forests help filter pollutants from the air, resulting in cleaner, healthier air to breathe.

27 2. Stress Reductions
a. Exposure to green spaces has been shown to improve mental health.

3. Increased Physical Activity
a. Urban forests improve shade and outdoor comfort.. When people feel more inclined to go outside to walk, run, play, etc. they are healthier in the long run.

4. Public Safety
a. Streets lined with trees are safe as they help to slow traffic by making the road appear as a street where people live rather than a freeway.

5. Noise Pollution Reduction
a. Leaves, branches, and bark act as natural sound barrier absorbing sound.

Economic Benefits

1. Boost Economic Value
a. Homes with significant tree coverage have a higher property value. b. Tree lined commercial spaces attract more business and visitors.

V. Current State of Maywood’s Urban Forest
Citywide Tree Canopy Overview
As stated, the City of Maywood has an average tree canopy coverage of 11%, which is lower than Los Angeles County’s average of 16% and it is essential to focus local efforts in the City to strengthen and grow our urban forest.

Using TreePlotter’s 2022 canopy data, Maywood’s canopy coverage can be evaluated using two units of analysis: Census block groups and hexagons. Block groups are Census-defined geographic areas representing approximately 600–3,000 residents. While their varying sizes and shapes can make direct comparisons complicated, they provide valuable insights by allowing canopy data to be directly linked with demographic information. This makes block groups particularly useful for assessing equity and identifying community needs. Hexagons are evenly sized grid cells that create an equal framework for spatial analysis. Hexagons enable more detailed canopy comparisons across the city and reveal greater detail in areas with higher canopy density, offering a clearer picture of distribution patterns.

28 Figure 10: TreePlotter 2022 Canopy by Census Block Groups Figure 10 shows tree canopy coverage by Census block group and ranges from approximately 7% to 15%. Block groups with a darker green color indicate a higher canopy coverage while block groups with a lighter green color have a lower canopy coverage. These disparities highlight which areas are of a higher priority for tree planting to help alleviate communities experiencing greater heat exposure, poor air quality, and limited access to public green infrastructure.

Breakdown of Tree Canopy by Census Block Group
Block Group Canopy Coverage
13 14%
2 13%
6 13%
12 13%
4 12%

29 7 12%
8 11%
9 11%
15 11%
3 10%
5 10%
14 10%
10 9%
1 8%
11 7%
Table 2: Breakdown of tree canopy by block group
Table 2 ranks Census block groups from the highest to the lowest canopy coverage, providing additional insight for identifying priority areas during the planning and planting phases.

30 Figure 11: TreePlotter 2022 Canopy by Hexagons
Figure 11 shows canopy coverage but instead uses a hexagon grid to illustrate finer details. The legend indicates that canopy coverage at this scale ranges from 0% to 58%, with dark green hexagons representing a higher canopy coverage and lighter green hexagons having low canopy coverage. The dark green cluster to the east is Riverfront Park, an area filled with lush trees and mature canopy. Other dark green hexagons, which are primarily residential, highlight neighborhoods with high canopy coverage. These areas provide a valuable reference for identifying which species thrive in the City and understanding how we can better foster community stewardship.

Tree Canopy at School Campuses
We want to emphasize that increasing canopy coverage on school campuses where children, one of the community’s most vulnerable groups, can benefit from added shade and greener spaces. As

31 shown in the table below, most schools have very low canopy coverage, leaving them especially vulnerable to extreme heat risks.

School
Total
Enrollment on
Campus
% Tree
Canopy in
Student
Zones
% of Tree
Canopy on
Entire
Property
Average %
Students on
Campus Who
Qualify for
Free/ReducedPriced Meals
Average %
Tree Canopy in
Student Zones
Districtwide
Acreage
Maywood
Academy High 1,044 5 8 96 10 9
Maywood Center
for Enriched
Studies
1,145 3 2 93 10 9.38
Maywood
Elementary 460 3 3 95 10 3.43
Fishburn Ave
Elementary 395 7 7 96 10 4.46
Heliotrope Ave
Elementary 471 8 6 94 10 4.35
Loma Vista
Elementary 538 13 12 96 10 4.22
Data Source: © 2024 Green Schoolyards America, greenschoolyards.org Table 3: Canopy data and demographics of schools in the City of Maywood Table 3 ranks canopy coverage from lowest to highest and highlights the importance of prioritizing tree planting on school campuses, where canopy levels are often among the lowest and opportunities exist to benefit students and surrounding neighborhoods.

Citywide Tree Inventory
To gauge the city’s tree canopy and current needs further, the City’s non-profit partner, Amigos recorded every visible tree and its location. Although Amigos received data from West Coast Arborists (WCA), a two-year gap and only public street trees being recorded required us to conduct our own city inventory. The objective was not to plot every single tree and their species, but rather understand which areas have good coverage and which areas do not.

32 Figure 12: Tree inventory points
Figure 12 shows all visible trees throughout the City of Maywood, each point representing an individual tree. The map illustrates where trees are unevenly concentrated.

After the surveying of the entire city, approximately 8,000 trees were recorded as of August 2025. This accounts for an additional 6,000 trees compared to WCA’s data. Here are some important notes:

1. Palm trees were counted as trees although they offer very little canopy coverage.

2. Fruit trees were counted.

3. Shrubs shaped to denote long term care and permanency and that were of greater size were counted as trees.

Additionally, every visible tree in the City was also categorized by its location. The location of a tree was categorized into one of seven jurisdictions:

33 1. Street Tree
a. Trees located in the public right-of-way. This does not include trees planted in medians. Median trees have their own category.

2. Residential or Private Tree
a. Trees located in residents’ property. This includes front and backyards.

3. School Tree
a. Trees located on a school campus. This does not include trees located on the sidewalk on the same block of a school. Instead these trees were recorded as a street trees.

4. Commercial Tree
a. Trees located at commercial business properties.

5. Park Tree
a. Trees located within a public park space.

6. Median Tree
a. Trees located within a street median.

7. Industrial Tree
a. Trees located within industrial zones.

8. Civic Spaces
a. Trees located in spaces such as City Hall, Maywood Cesar Chavez Library, and Maywood YMCA, Public Works Yard, Maywood Boxing Gym, and the future Teen Center.

34 Figure 13: Percentage of Trees in 7 Jurisdictions using TreePlotter Data Figure 13 shows the breakdown of existing trees by their jurisdiction. From the data we collected, we observed most trees in Maywood to be private or residential trees and the least amount of trees to be industrial and median trees. With the majority of the urban tree canopy being made up of residential trees it is crucial that we support and educate residents about the importance of their role in maintaining and growing their community’s canopy.

VI. Opportunity to Grow
Potential Planting Sites Citywide
Approximately 2,300 potential planting sites were identified throughout the City of Maywood. For each proposed site, jurisdiction was documented and an assessment was made to determine

35 whether a tree well cut would be required. High-traffic corridors such as Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard were identified as priority areas due to their low existing canopy coverage.

However, these corridors lack parkway strips suitable for planting, requiring the City to make appropriate pavement cuts to accommodate new trees. Parks and medians were excluded as potential planting sites as part of this assessment.

Parameters used for identifying potential planting sites were determined by referring to the City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works Urban Forestry Division’s planting guideline and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines.

In order to identify a viable location for a proposed planting site:

1. The sidewalk must be 10ft wide to place a tree with a 5ft clearance.

2. Trees must be 20ft apart from other existing trees.

3. Trees must be 20ft from electrical poles and street lights.

4. Trees must be 8ft from a driveway apron.

5. Trees must be at least 25ft from an intersection.

6. Trees must be 10ft from a fire hydrant.

7. Trees must be 10ft from structures.

All proposed sites were made using TreePlotter’s aerial view image. It is important to note that these sites will need to be reviewed in person to confirm they are viable planting sites. Additionally, an assessment of overhead powerlines at proposed planting sites will be required to ensure species selection aligns with utility clearance standards and minimizes long-term maintenance issues.

36 Figure 14: Map of Proposed Planting Sites in the City of Maywood Figure 14 shows all 2,271 possible planting locations found throughout the City. A small cluster of trees to the south appears to be outside the City boundary however, these trees are located within a school campus located within Maywood. Potential locations will need to be reviewed in-person to confirm they are viable. The map also displays key community assets and infrastructure, including Metro lines and stops, schools, parks, and Maywood City Hall, providing context for where tree planting opportunities align with transit corridors, public spaces, and civic spaces.

37 Figure 15: Proposed Trees and Their Jurisdiction
As shown in Figure 15, most of our proposed planting sites are along the street or public right-ofway and on residential properties. Planting street and residential trees alone would increase Maywood’s canopy from 11% to 12%. In addition, a Civic Spaces category was introduced as part of the special projects to capture planting opportunities in public and community-serving spaces.

As highlighted in the Current State of the Forest section, certain areas of Maywood have significantly lower canopy coverage than others. These low-canopy areas will experience the most dramatic transformation as new trees are planted and the urban forest grows in.

38 Breakdown of Planting by Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction Current Number of Trees
in Jurisdiction
Potential Tree Planting
Sites
1 Street 773 1,479
2 Residential 5,903 363
3 School 304 246
4 Commercial 523 118
5 Park* 291 40
6 Median* 128 20
7 Industrial 98 10
8 Civic Spaces – 21 (a mix of street and
commercial trees)
TOTAL 8,020 2,297
Table 3: Current number of trees and proposed trees
*Trees were not recorded in the proposed planting site map. Amigos will need to conduct a site evaluation to determine where plantings can occur in medians and parks.

1. Street Trees
Maywood currently has 773 street trees, and has steadily been increasing over the past five years. The UFMP proposes adding 1,491 more (including trees proposed on the street right-of-way near civic spaces). This significant increase will strengthen the city’s green canopy along transportation corridors, offering greater shade for pedestrians, mitigating roadway heat, improving walkability, and supporting the implementation of the circulation element in the City’s General Plan objectives.

2. Residential / Private Trees
With 5,903 existing trees in residential zones, an additional 363 trees are proposed. These plantings will enhance neighborhood livability, offering residents cleaner air, cooler microclimates, and improved property values while also increasing biodiversity in community spaces. With the majority of trees within Maywood being residential, it is crucial to uplift, support, and encourage residents to be an active member in growing and maintaining their urban canopy.

39 3. Schools
Maywood schools currently host 304 trees, with a goal of planting 246 more to expand canopy cover on campuses. Greening schoolyards creates healthier outdoor spaces for students, reduces heat exposure, and opens the door to environmental learning opportunities. This effort builds on Amigos’ work transforming school campuses, each designed as a microcosm of the greater Emerald Necklace vision. Additionally, by replacing asphalt with trees and vegetation, once-barren campuses are reimagined as vibrant, shaded spaces that reduce heat, capture stormwater, and improve local ecosystems. Beyond environmental benefits, green schoolyards also benefit student and teacher well-being, strengthen mental health, boost attendance, and support stronger educational outcomes.

Images of Before and After Greening at Mary J. Jackson Elementary School, one of ADLR’s Green School Projects in Pasadena Unified School District

4. Commercial Areas*
There are currently 523 trees in commercial zones, and the UFMP recommends planting 127 more (this is counting the 9 commercial trees located on civic space sites). Increased canopy in business districts will improve pedestrian comfort, attract customers, and strengthen the role of trees in supporting vibrant, walkable economic centers.

5. Parks
Maywood parks currently have 291 trees, with 40 new trees proposed. This expansion will provide more shaded recreation areas, improve habitat for pollinators and birds, and ensure parks remain resilient spaces for community health and wellness.

6. Medians

40 Currently, medians contain 128 trees, with a proposal for 20 more. Planting additional trees in medians will reduce roadway heat, absorb stormwater runoff, and contribute to the city’s visual identity through greener, more welcoming streetscapes. Many of the medians have palms planted. Phasing out palms, after they reach their life cycle, and replacing them with a broader canopy tree will help with providing shade to

7. Industrial Areas*
Industrial zones have 98 existing trees, we proposed to add 10 more. Even small increases in canopy within these areas can help buffer air pollution, lower surrounding heat, and provide much-needed green space in environments dominated by hardscape.

8. Civic Spaces
Planting 21 additional trees (12 street trees and 9 commercial trees) around Maywood’s civic buildings, including City Hall, the Maywood Library, and the YMCA, would demonstrate how the city can lead by example in integrating green infrastructure into public spaces. While the Community Center (YMCA) has already benefitted from tree planting, additional plantings could further enhance shade, cooling, and aesthetic value.

Expanding these efforts across all civic buildings would provide visible, high-impact demonstrations of the role trees play in improving air quality, mitigating urban heat, and creating welcoming community spaces. At City Hall, shade trees could frame the entrance and symbolize the city’s leadership in climate resilience. The library could feature flowering or canopy trees that encourage outdoor reading and gathering, while the Senior Center could benefit from shaded seating areas that support comfort and social interaction. By prioritizing its most recognizable landmarks, the City of Maywood can establish a clear precedent for how public and private spaces alike can contribute to a greener, more resilient urban forest
*Note: The proposed commercial and industrial plantings assume that the City adopts a tree/landscape ordinance or development standard that authorizes staff to place tree-planting or in-lieu conditions on new or expanded projects. Until adopted, these proposed trees represent policy direction rather than existing entitlement requirements.

VII. Goals and Strategies
Through realistic goal setting and strategic planning, the City of Maywood has the potential to increase their canopy coverage from 11% to 13% within the next 10 years. Growing their canopy

41 further will require more staffing, resources, and infrastructural changes due to a finite number of planting spaces available throughout the city.

Where We Are Now: Planting Progress
Since 2020, Amigos de los Ríos has partnered with the City of Maywood in receiving a CalFire grant to establish and grow the urban tree canopies of environmentally injusticed areas in the face of rising temperatures with climate change. Throughout the years, Amigos has worked closely with city officials from Maywood to coordinate plantings, community events and maintenance tasks.

From 2020-2022, Amigos and Maywood staff collaborated on establishing where trees could be planted in the city and engaging with community members on their shade needs. Once open tree wells were mapped and trees were ordered, planting began. There were several volunteer events along residential roads and in Riverfront Park to establish these trees. Up until 2025, about 65 trees were planted throughout the city.

Due to the now closed Exide battery recycling plant located in the neighboring City of Vernon, many pollutants from the plant, like lead, were leached into neighboring cities. This included Maywood and its residential lawns and its public greenways. The prominence of these toxic materials made it harder for young trees to establish themselves in these soils as noticed by dwarfish qualities of the trees after a couple of years. Maywood therefore is going through soil remediation efforts in public greenways and residential areas to establish “cleaner” soils. The remediation activity temporarily subsided planting efforts. During this time, the cutting of tree wells on asphalt surfaces were prioritized to plant trees along popular pedestrian routes.

By the end of February 2026, 200 new trees were planted. The majority of tree planting for this grant cycle has occurred within the public right-of-way and along street parkways. Planting efforts have focused on residential neighborhoods, with an emphasis on key corridors serving schools, businesses, and other community facilities. To date, twenty-eight trees have been planted along Slauson Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard, all of which required new or expanded tree well cuts to accommodate healthy long-term growth.

42 Strategies: Planning, Planting, Establishment, and
Maintenance
To encourage tree growth and canopy, we suggest an implementation plan split up into four parts:
planning, planting, establishment, and maintenance. These stages are ongoing, and practices should be refined over time to meet the changing needs of newly planted and establishing trees

1. Planning
The first step in the planning process is to identify potential tree planting locations. Using TreePlotter and Google Aerial imagery, sites were identified and categorized through an initial virtual review. While this approach allows for efficient, citywide screening, all proposed locations must be approved through in-person site visits and approved by the Public Works Superintendent to ensure compliance with City standards and conditions. Before final approval, DigAlert must be contacted to identify underground utilities and prevent damage of existing infrastructure during the planting phase. Aerial imagery cannot capture on-the-ground constraints, such as underground utilities, sidewalk conditions, or access limitations. All factors that can affect a site’s viability for planting. During the site reviews, tree species that are appropriate for the space are also determined based on the available space, site-specific conditions, and surrounding infrastructure.

2. Planting
Once sites and species are approved and cleared by Dig Alert, tree planting can begin. Planting follows best practices strategies to promote long-term tree health, including proper tree well dimensions, soil preparation, spacing, and installation techniques.

There is also significant potential to expand tree canopy in areas dominated by asphalt, including schoolyards, commercial parking lots, and streets with little to no green space. Using aerial mapping technology, Amigos staff identified and measured potential planting sites throughout Maywood to determine where canopy growth can be maximized. This analysis also revealed that existing public streetways and school grounds do not provide enough viable planting locations to reach the City’s 13% canopy goal. The city has already implemented a tree planting program and plans to continue adding trees throughout the city as referenced in the Safety Element. To help close this gap, the city will consider adopting stronger tree ordinances that incentivize residents, business owners, and industrial facilities to plant trees on their own properties. There is also

43 potential to create new tree wells in sidewalks where the width allows. Additionally, increasing tree plantings in parks or establishing micro-parks throughout the city can further expand overall canopy coverage. Implementing street diets—reducing excessively wide roadways—can also create new opportunities for planting trees.

Equitable canopy distribution is just as important as achieving canopy targets. Tree plantings should extend beyond the city center and prioritize neighborhoods, parks, and commercial areas with low existing canopy to ensure that all parts of Maywood benefit from increased shade, cleaner air, and improved urban resilience.

Additionally, due to the limited planting sites, Maywood will need to prioritize phasing out palm trees and replacing them with a tree with better canopy coverage. Therefore, we should also consider every palm tree a potential planting site after the tree reaches the end of its life span. To support this transition.

The planting phase will take up about 5-10 years of the implementation plan, planting roughly 200 trees annually. Once tree wells and sites are established, planting will begin. The trees will ideally be planted in the fall to give a head start to establishing roots in cooler weather with the bonus of potential rain. Besides staff helping plant trees, it’s imperative to integrate community participation. Public planting events are highly encouraged to be hosted to spread awareness of urban greening efforts in the city and so residents feel some sense of ownership towards these trees. Planting trees should follow a strict set of guidelines in regards to planting depth, staking and watering establishment that should be taught by certified tree professionals. Maywood and CalFire have an approved planting list in which to pull trees from which include majority California native and drought tolerant trees. Achieving our first tree canopy goal of 13% by 2035 will include strict planning and support. The chart below displays how this goal can be met with roughly 200 trees being planted each year. This does not account for trees that may not make it past the establishment phase and will need to be replaced.

44 Figure 18: Tree Planting per Year to Reach 13% Canopy Coverage Figure 18 illustrates a phased tree-planting strategy.. Beginning in 2026, the City would plant approximately 200 trees per year, resulting in a steady increase in the total number of trees until 2035. These planting targets were calculated using TreePlotter’s growth tool based on projected tree crown canopy diameters at maturity.

3. Establishment
The third phase of the implementation plan will include an establishment period lasting about 10- 20 years to reach 2,000 total planted trees. The establishment phase is focused on ensuring these newly planted trees are receiving and meeting their watering, pruning and nutrient requirements to grow into healthy, mature trees.

Once a tree is planted, it will automatically go into an establishment phase for the first 9-18 months where care is vital. Each tree will have different watering needs depending on their species, environmental surroundings and soil quality. Although Maywood is prioritizing planting of drought tolerant trees, they still need frequent watering in its first 5 years to establish tap roots. Newly planted trees should be watered 1-2 times per week for the first three months, even more when planting during the summer and before extreme heat events. For five years after, the trees should be watered at least once a week with at least one gallon of water. If there is a rainy winter, watering

45 needs for these trees can be weaned off. If hand watering personnel is unavailable, setting up an irrigation system for these trees will ease labor needs.

Additionally, mulching is essential for new trees in the establishment phase. In compliance with California Senate Bill 1383 (SB 1383), which sets statewide targets for reducing organic waste and increasing its beneficial reuse, the City of Maywood will ensure that mulch derived from recovered organic material is applied in all tree planting projects under the UFMP. SB 1383 requires jurisdictions to use recovered organic products, including compost and mulch, in landscaping and urban greening efforts. By incorporating a minimum three-inch layer of organic mulch around newly planted trees, Maywood not only meets these regulatory requirements but also improves soil health, conserves moisture, suppresses weeds, and enhances long-term tree survival. This practice aligns local tree planting with state climate goals, turning organic waste into a resource that supports both urban forestry and statewide carbon reduction efforts.

Pruning trees at a young age can be beneficial in forming solid branch structures and preventing future branch breakage. However, only International Society of Aboriculture (ISA) qualified tree experts should perform these pruning practices as bad practices can result in introduction of diseases, foliage die back and overall tree failure. Among bad pruning practices, there absolutely should be no practices in tree topping to introduce more foliage. Current arboriculture research emphasizes this practice hurts tree branch structure and acts as a catalyst for disease introduction.

Pruning practices should emphasize establishing a central leader, cutting off dead/dying/diseased branches, branch clearance for pedestrians and cars and preventing disease spread.

4. Maintenance
The last phase of the implementation plan is the maintenance phase and will take up the last 10 years of the plan. At this point, the newly planted trees should be fairly well established showing healthy canopy growth, reduced watering needs and solid branch structure. Maintenance requires trusted staff trained in arboriculture and tree health noting any trees that are posing threats to public infrastructure, people and visibility. Such trees include ones that may be leaning, branches blocking lines of sight or are diseased and pose safety hazards. A trained arborist may recommend further pruning and staking practices to the tree. The maintenance phase aims to keep present trees healthy and alive to attain the 13% canopy goal. Additionally, as trees grow their canopy will too. Our recommended trees have an average canopy between 20 feet to 40 feet. Trees should