Monte Sereno City Council
May 3, 2022

AGENDA
City of Monte Sereno
Tuesday, May 3, 2022
City Council
7:00 PM
Monte Sereno City Council Chambers - 18041 Saratoga -
Los Gatos Road, Monte Sereno, Ca 95030
How to Participate
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You will be prompted to install the webinar client appropriate for your device. Attendees are encouraged to install the needed software in advance at the following locations depending on the device being used. If you are unable to participate in real-time, you may email to the City Clerk at [email protected] with the subject line "Public Comment Item #__ " (insert the item number relevant to your comment) or "Verbal Communications - Non Agenda Item." Comments received by email will be read into the record, with a maximum allowance of three (3) minutes per individual comment, subject to the Mayor's discretion.

All comments should be a maximum of 350 words, which corresponds to approximately three (3) minutes of speaking time. If a comment is received after the agenda item is heard but before the close of the meeting, the comment will still be included as a part of the record of the meeting but will not be read into the record. Any member of the public who needs accommodations should email or call the City Manager who will use his best efforts to provide reasonable accommodations to provide as much accessibility as possible while also maintaining public safety in accordance with the City procedure for resolving reasonable accommodation requests. In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Manager at 408-498-5285 or [email protected]. If requested of the City Manager, agendas and documents in the agenda packet can be made available in appropriate alternative formats to persons with a disability.

Page

CALL TO ORDER

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

ROLL CALL

ORDERS OF THE DAY
The Mayor, or a majority of the Council by vote, may change the order of business, except for public hearings on the agenda for a set time.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Valley Water Reach Codes Presentation
Presentation
5 - 116

Draft Ordinance
2019 C-E Study Nonres Res NC Energy and Water Efficiency

ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
Persons wishing to address the Council on any matter of City business not listed on the agenda may do so at this time. Each speaker will normally be allotted three minutes, subject to the Mayor or a majority of the Council’s ability to limit the amount of time allocated to speakers based on the number of speakers and the need for expedient administration of City business in light of the number and length of items on the agenda.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS
Copies of communications have been provided to Council for review prior to this meeting. Council Members desiring to read or discuss any written communication may do so at this time. No action may be taken except to place a particular item on a future agenda for Council consideration.

CONSENT CALENDAR
It is recommended that all items listed below be acted on simultaneously unless separate discussion and/or action is required by a Councilmember. One public comment period will be provided, although speakers speaking on more than one item may be allocated additional time by the Mayor or a majority of the Council.

1. Approve the Minutes of the April 5, 2022 Special and Regular City Council Meeting
Staff recommends approval of the minutes of the April 5, 2022 Special and Regular City Council meeting.

Staff Report - SR-22-090 - Pdf
117 - 123

2. Approve Warrant List Dated May 3, 2022 in the Amount of $102,439.61 Staff recommends the City Council approve the Warrant List Staff Report - SR-22-102 - Pdf
124 - 125

3. Reinstatement and First Amendment to Agreement for Professional Services with Gkw Architects, Inc. (GKW) for Architectural Services For the Monte Sereno Community Center Project in the Amount Not to Exceed $70,000
Staff recommends that City Council authorize the City Manager to reinstate and amend the June 2020 agreement with Gkw Architects, Inc. (GKW) for architectural services for the Monte Sereno Community Center Project in the amount of $70,000.

Staff Report - SR-22-095 - Pdf
126 - 137

4. Consider and Approve a Resolution Adopting a List Of Projects for Fiscal Year 2022/23 Funded by SB 1: The Road Repair And Accountability Act Of 2017
Staff recommends the City Council adopt a resolution to adopt the list of City projects
to be funded in fiscal year (FY) 2022/23 by SB 1: the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017.
138 - 141

Staff Report - SR-22-096 - Pdf

PUBLIC HEARINGS

UNFINISHED BUSINESS

NEW BUSINESS

1. Accept the Pavement Management Program Status Report Staff recommends the City Council accept this report on the Pavement Management Program PTAP 22 Budget Options Report and direct staff as to future goals and budget for pavement maintenance.

Staff Report - SR-22-097 - Pdf
142 - 315

2. Discussion and Direction to Staff Regarding Conduct of City Council and Board/Commission Meetings, Including Councilmember and Staff InPerson Presence and Methods of Public Participation Staff recommends that the Council hold discussion on conduct of City Council and Board/Commission meetings and provide direction to staff.

Staff Report - SR-22-101 - Pdf
316 - 318

COMMITTEE/COMMISSION REPORTS
This time is set aside to allow Councilmembers serving on Council committees or appointed by the City to serve on the boards, commissions or committees of other agencies to present a verbal report on the activities of the respective boards, commissions or committees on which they serve. No discussion or action may be taken other than to place the matter on a future agenda.

Cities Association Board of Directors - Ellahie/Mekechuk Cities Association Legislative Action Committee - Ellahie/Mekechuk Cities Association City Selection Committee - Ellahie/Lawler Valley Transportation Authority PAC - Mekechuk/Leuthold Silicon Valley Animal Control Authority - Lawler/Turner Silicon Valley Clean Energy Authority - Ellahie/Mekechuk West Valley Clean Water Board - Mekechuk/Turner
West Valley Mayors and Managers - Ellahie/Mekechuk
West Valley Sanitation District - Turner/Leuthold
West Valley Solid Waste/Recycling JPA - Mekechuk/Turner Youth Commission - Lawler/Turner
Santa Clara County Library JPA - Leuthold/Lawler

COUNCIL MEMBER COMMENTS
This time is set aside to allow Councilmembers to make brief announcements or reports on the Councilmember’s own activities. No discussion or action may be taken other than to place the matter on a future agenda.

CITY MANAGER’S REPORT

FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
This time is set aside to allow Councilmembers to make a specific request for an item to be placed on a future agenda. No discussion or other action may be taken.

ADJOURN

* All items on the agenda are subject to action/or change by the City Council In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Clerk (408) 354-7635. If requested of the City Clerk, agendas and documents in the agenda packet can be made available in appropriate alternative formats to persons with a disability. Notification 48 hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to this meeting. [28CFR 35.102-35.104 ADA Title II]

Model Water Efficient New
Development Ordinance
(MWENDO)
May 3, 2022

Introductions
David Siddiqui
Chief Executive Officer, Green Evolution
Consultant to Valley Water
1

Background
´ 2015 Formation of Santa Clara County Water Efficient New Development Task Force
MWENDO measures determined based on input from
a wide variety of stakeholders
´ 2018 Valley Water procures technical assistance from
Green Evolution
´ 2019 MWENDO + package of resources completed
´ 2020-2021 Graywater measure updated
MWENDO introduced to jurisdictions
´ Now Jurisdictions adopt and implement the ordinance,
ideally alongside local amendments to Title 24
triennial update
2

Scope of MWENDO
´ Designed to be easily customizable for each jurisdiction ´ Select from a menu of 17 measures
´ Measure categories (most relevant for Monte Sereno highlighted) ´ Single-Family Residential
´ Multi-Family Residential and Nonresidential
´ Commercial Facilities
´ Sale and Installation of Fixtures and Fittings
´ Landscape Irrigation
´ Swimming Pool and Spa Covers
3

Relevant Monte Sereno Goals + Policies
´ Monte Sereno City Council FY 2022-2023 Strategic Goal V: “Enhance Environmental Sustainability”
´ Evaluate and consider updating Reach Codes in 2022
´ Meeting “green” requirements – incl. water conservation ´ City of Monte Sereno General Plan
´ Goal OSC-7: “Promote water conservation.”
´Policy OSC-7.1: “Continue to enforce residential landscaping standards with minimal water requirements.”
´Policy OSC-7.2: “Support the use of dual plumbing systems in residential properties to utilize recycled water for gardening and landscaping.”
´Policy OSC-7.3: “Require water-conserving water fixtures in all new development.”
4

MWENDO Resources
´ Model ordinance
´ Overview document with summary of how MWENDO supports existing jurisdiction policies
´ Draft Staff Report with detailed background info
´ Cost Effectiveness Analysis Report
´ Instructions for filing with CBSC and CEC
´ Valley Water staff/consultant support with adoption and implementation
5

Proposed Timeline
´ Align with Title 24 triennial update and SVCE Reach Code timeline ´ Today Introduce MWENDO and package of resources
´ May-July Present to Monte Sereno Youth Commission
Develop alternatives for Monte Sereno
´ July-August Coordinate with SVCE and conduct outreach / information sessions for Monte Sereno residents
´ September Based on public input, City Council to direct staff to finalize WENDO for Monte Sereno
´ October Public hearing and Council votes on adoption of Monte Sereno WENDO
´ Nov-Dec Potential CBSC and CEC filings
´ Jan 1, 2023 Effective Date
6

Thank You
David Siddiqui
Chief Executive Officer
Green Evolution
(510) 908-4092
[email protected]
Roseryn Bhudsabourg
Office of Government Relations
Valley Water
(408) 630-3099
[email protected]
7

1 ORDINANCE NO. XXXX
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF [] ADDING A NEW CHAPTER [] (WATER EFFICIENT NEW DEVELOPMENT) TO TITLE [] OF THE CITY OF [] MUNICIPAL CODE RELATED TO REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT THAT

PROMOTE WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY
WHEREAS, all California water users are responsible for making effective use of the available water resources; and
WHEREAS, water is a public resource that the California Constitution protects against waste and unreasonable use; and
WHEREAS, growing population, climate change, and the need to protect and grow the City’s economy make it essential that the City manage its water resources as efficiently as possible; and
WHEREAS, reduced water use through conservation provides significant energy reduction and associated environmental benefits, and can help protect water quality, preserve and improve stream flows, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and
WHEREAS, improvements in technology and management practices offer the potential for increasing water efficiency in California over time, providing an essential water management tool to meet the need for water for urban, agricultural, and environmental uses; and WHEREAS, the City has determined that the energy standards in this ordinance are costeffective and require buildings to be designed to consume no more energy than permitted by Part 6 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations; and
WHEREAS, the development of Alternate Water Source Systems will assist in meeting future water requirements of the City and lessen the impacts of new development on the City's sanitary sewer system; and
WHEREAS, the application of risk-based water quality standards to Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water systems can protect public health, safety, and welfare; and WHEREAS, adoption of this ordinance and related rules and regulations by the City will help achieve the City's goals for water supply use and preservation by:
(1) Promoting the values and benefits of Nonpotable Water use while recognizing the need to invest water and other resources as efficiently as possible; (2) Encouraging the use of Nonpotable Water for nonpotable applications; and

2 (3) Replacing potable water with Alternate Water Sources for toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation to the maximum extent possible; and
WHEREAS, it is the intent of the City Council of the City of [] to require New Development constructed in the City of [] to meet and exceed the water efficiency and alternate sources of water supply requirements of the State of California.

NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF [] DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. CEQA REVIEW.

The City Council finds, pursuant to [Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, Section 15061(b)(3),] that this Ordinance is [exempt] from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) in that it [is not a “project” which has the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment].

SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS.

The terms used in this Chapter have the meaning set forth below:

Alternate Water Source: A source of Nonpotable Water that includes Recycled Water, Graywater, Stormwater, condensate, Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water, Rainwater, Blackwater, and any other source approved by the Director.

Alternate Water Source System: The system of facilities necessary for providing Nonpotable Water for use in a development project, including but not limited to all collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities. Nonpotable Water System shall have the same meaning.

Blackwater: Wastewater containing bodily or other biological wastes. This is discharge from toilets, dishwashers, kitchen sinks, and utility sinks.

Building Energy Efficiency Standards: Those regulations contained in Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations.

Compact Hot Water Distribution System: A hot water distribution system in which the water heater to fixture proximity is more compact than threshold criteria that is defined based on the dwelling unit conditioned floor area and number of stories, as described in the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards.

Director: The Director of [] or any individual designated by the Director to act on his or her behalf.

District: A group of two or more parcels that share Alternate Water Sources.

District System: An Alternate Water Source System serving a District development project.

Drain Water Heat Recovery (DWHR): A double wall heat exchanger that recovers heat from the effluent waste piping and uses it to preheat water in a domestic or service water-heating system in order to reduce water heating energy usage.

3 Equal Flow Configuration: Installation of a drain water heat recovery device with preheated water being routed to both the water heater and the shower, as opposed to an unequal flow configuration with preheated water being routed to either the water heater or the shower.

First Certificate of Occupancy: Either a temporary certificate of occupancy or a Certificate of Final Completion and Occupancy.

Foundation Drainage: Nuisance groundwater that is extracted to maintain a building’s or facility’s structural integrity and would otherwise be discharged to the City’s sewer system. Foundation Drainage does not include Nonpotable groundwater extracted for a beneficial use that is subject to City groundwater well regulations.

Graywater: Untreated wastewater that has not been contaminated by any toilet discharge, has not been affected by infectious, contaminated, or unhealthy bodily wastes, and does not present a threat from contamination by unhealthful processing, manufacturing, or operating wastes. Graywater includes, but is not limited to, wastewater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom sinks, lavatories, clothes washing machines, and laundry tubs, but does not include wastewater from kitchen sinks or dishwashers. Graywater does not include Blackwater.

Graywater Diverter Valve: A single valve that can direct Graywater to either the sewer/septic system or to a Graywater irrigation or reuse system.

Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing: Graywater drainage pipes and the necessary connecting pipes, fittings, valves, and all appurtenances to carry untreated Graywater to a Graywater Diverter Valve that can direct Graywater to either the sewer/septic system or to a Graywater Stub-Out. Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing provides an opportunity to install a Graywater reuse system at a later date without altering a building’s plumbing infrastructure.

Graywater Stub-Out: A capped termination point of Graywater drainage piping that extends from a Graywater Diverter Valve and is ready for connection to a Graywater irrigation or reuse system. A Graywater Stub-Out is typically located outside of a building.

Hot Water Recirculation System: A Hot Water System that uses the hot water return line and/or supply line connected to a water heater to enable continuous delivery of hot water to fixtures.

Hot Water System: A system that distributes hot water, consisting of a water heater, piping, and related equipment and devices.

Laundry-to-Landscape Graywater System: A Graywater system that uses a clothes washer’s internal pump to distribute Graywater through irrigation distribution piping and built in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 1503.1.1 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.

Multi-Family Residential: A residential building that contains three or more dwelling units.

New Development: Buildings and structures that have not received initial design approval from the Planning Department or a building permit from the Building Department prior to January 1, 2021.

Nonpotable Water: Water collected from Alternate Water Sources, treated, and intended to be used onsite for direct beneficial use.

4 Nonpotable Water Engineering Report: Report submitted by project applicant to the Director describing the Alternate Water Source System in accordance with the rules and regulations adopted by the City.

Nonpotable Water System: The same meaning as Alternate Water Source System.

Nonresidential: A building that contains occupancies other than dwelling units. For the purposes of this ordinance, hotels, motels, institutional housing (such as hostels and dormitories), hospitals, and night shelters are considered nonresidential.

NSF 350 System: Any treatment system certified to meet NSF/ANSI Standard 350 for Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems, as amended from time to time.

Open Cooling Tower: An open, or direct contact, cooling tower which exposes water directly to the cooling atmosphere, thereby transferring the source heat load from the water directly to the air by a combination of heat and mass transfer.

Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water: Nonpotable Water that has been collected, treated, and intended to be used onsite and is suitable for direct beneficial use.

Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program: Program established by the Director for Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water systems including rules and regulations regarding the operation of Alternate Water Source Systems necessary to effectuate the purposes of this ordinance and to protect public health and safety.

Permittee: Owner or operator of an Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water system.

Rainwater: Precipitation collected from roof surfaces or other manmade, aboveground collection surfaces.

Recycled Water: Water that has been reclaimed from wastewater for beneficial use as defined by Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations.

Residential: A building that contains residential dwelling units including single-family or multifamily housing units and mobile homes.

Single-Family Residential: A residential building that contains one or two dwelling units.

Stormwater: Precipitation collected from at-grade or below grade surfaces.

Water Budget: The calculation of the potential volume of onsite Alternate Water Sources and demands of a development project and any other building subject to this ordinance.

Water Budget Calculator: The water use calculation application approved by the Director that provides for the assessment of a proposed onsite water system, Alternate Water Sources, and the end uses of the Alternate Water Sources.

Water Budget Documentation: An in-depth assessment of the project applicant’s Nonpotable Water use, including survey information, water meter readings, water service billing information,

5 Alternate Water Source schematic drawings, or any other information deemed necessary by the Director.

SECTION 3. The City Council hereby adds a new Chapter [] (Water Efficient New Development) to Title [] of the City of [] Municipal Code to read as follows:
{CODE SECTION} 1. APPLICABILITY.

A. This chapter shall apply to all New Development in the City of [].

B. Exception. The Director may exempt a covered New Development project from some or all provisions of this chapter upon determination that sufficient practical challenges exist making compliance with the provisions infeasible. The project applicant is responsible for demonstrating infeasibility of compliance with the provisions when applying for exemption. {CODE SECTION} 2. REQUIREMENTS.
{CODE SECTION} 2.1. REQUIREMENTS FOR SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.

A. Single-Family Residential Water Waste Reduction when Heating Water. Section 110.3(c) of the California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 6 (“2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards”), related to mandatory requirements for service water-heating systems and equipment, is hereby amended to add the following Section 110.3(c)7:

7. Single-Family Residential New Development. Single-Family Residential New Development must meet either A or B:

A. Compact Hot Water Distribution System. Meet the criteria of the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards related to the HERS-Verified Compact Hot Water Distribution System Expanded Credit as specified in the Reference Appendix RA4.4.16.

If a Single-Family Residential New Development is using the prescriptive compliance approach to demonstrate compliance with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, such compact hot water distribution system may also be used to satisfy the requirement options related to compact hot water distribution systems as specified in Section 150.1(c)8.

B. Hot Water System Volume Limit. The hot water system shall not allow more than

0.125 gallons of water to be delivered to any fixture before hot water arrives. If a hot water recirculation system or electric trace heating system is used to comply with Section 110.3(c)7B, the branch from the recirculating loop or electric trace heating element to the fixture shall contain a maximum of 0.125 gallons. For reference, this volume limitation equates to branch runs no longer than approximately 22’ of 3/8” nominal pipe size, 12’ of 1/2" nominal pipe size, or 5.5’ of 3/4” nominal pipe size. i. Demand Hot Water Recirculation System with Manual Control. Hot water recirculation systems used to comply with Section 110.3(c)7B shall not be controlled solely by timers and shall only be demand systems with manual control, in compliance with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards

6 requirements related to HERS-Verified Demand Recirculation with Manual Control as specified in the Reference Appendix RA4.4.17, RA3.6.6, and RA4.4.9. and as required by the prescriptive compliance approach as specified in Section 150.1(c)8.
ii. Drain Water Heat Recovery System. Hot water systems pursuing compliance under Section 110.3(c)7B using a demand hot water recirculation system with manual control shall also include a drain water heat recovery system on the master bathroom shower, installed in an Equal Flow Configuration and in compliance with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards requirements related to HERS-Verified Drain Water Heat Recovery System as specified in the Reference Appendix RA4.4.21. If a Single-Family Residential New Development is using the prescriptive compliance approach to demonstrate compliance with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, such drain water heat recovery system may also be used to satisfy the requirement options related to drain water heat recovery systems as specified in Section 150.1(c)8.

EXCEPTION to Section 110.3(c)7: Stand-alone tubs.

B. Single-Family Residential Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing. All Single-Family Residential units shall be built with Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing in compliance with Chapter 15 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code. The components of a Graywater system shall be labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.

1. Applicability. This Section 2.1.B shall apply to the installation of Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing Systems at the following buildings:
(a) Single-Family Residential New Development;
(b) Single-Family Residential units undergoing a bathroom or a laundry room addition; (c) Single-Family Residential units undergoing a bathroom remodel that alters drainage piping for any shower(s); and
(d) Single-Family Residential units undergoing a laundry room remodel.

2. Development Project Requirements. Applicable Single-Family Residential units shall include the following:
(a) Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing shall be installed in applicable Single-Family Residential units so that Graywater can to be diverted to a future Graywater irrigation or reuse system. Graywater Dual Drainage Plumbing shall include a readily accessible Graywater Diverter Valve(s) and Graywater Stub-Out(s) and shall allow Graywater to be diverted from the Graywater sources specified in Table 1. (b) When the location of a Graywater Diverter Valve is not accessible for manual valve operation, an electrical outlet shall be located within 10 feet of the Graywater Diverter

7 Valve, and an electronic actuator shall be connected to the Graywater Diverter Valve for remote operation.
(c) The Graywater Stub-Out(s) shall be located outside of the building and adjacent to an existing or future landscaped area. The Graywater Stub-Out(s) may also be located in a garage, basement, or mechanical room when site elevations or intended use of Graywater require a pumped system.
(d) A dedicated, 20-amp, 120-volt electrical receptacle with ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) shall be located within 10 feet of the Graywater Stub-Out(s) so a pump can be installed for a future Graywater system.

Exception. Laundry-to-Landscape Graywater Systems that use a clothes washer’s internal pump to distribute Graywater through irrigation distribution piping are exempt from this Section 2.1.B.2(d).
(e) All Graywater Stub-Out(s) shall be permanently marked “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE GRAYWATER, DO NOT DRINK.”.

Table 1: Graywater Sources Requiring Mandatory Dual Drainage Plumbing Single-Family Residential
Project Type
Graywater Sources Requiring Graywater Dual
Drainage Plumbing
New Development • At least one clothes washer; and
• At least one shower or bathtub shower
Bathroom Addition • At least one shower or bathtub shower when adding a shower or bathtub shower
Bathroom Remodel that Alters
Shower Drainage Piping
• At least one shower or bathtub shower
Laundry Room Addition or
Remodel
• Clothes washer

3. Exceptions.
(a) Bathroom and laundry room remodel projects where existing drainage plumbing is embedded in a concrete slab, and under-slab drainage plumbing is not being altered or extended as part of the project, are exempt from this Section 2.1.B. (b) Individual Graywater sources in Table 1 are exempt from this Section 2.1.B if the project is located on a lot where the total landscape area not within 1.5 feet of building structures or property line adjoining private property is unable to infiltrate the daily volume of Graywater produced from that Graywater source. Project applicants claiming this exemption shall submit documentation demonstrating its applicability. (c) Projects with landscape area located within 100 feet of a stream, creek, river, lake, or wetland are exempt from this Section 2.1.B.

8 (d) Projects where the groundwater table is less than 3 vertical feet below the deepest point where Graywater would be discharged to the landscape area are exempt from this Section 2.1.B.

C. Single-Family Residential Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Systems.

1. Applicability. This Section 2.1.C shall apply to the voluntary installation and operation of Alternate Water Source Systems at Single-Family Residential units. This section shall not apply to Graywater systems where Graywater is collected solely for subsurface irrigation and does not require treatment and that are regulated by Chapter 15 (commencing with Section 1501.0) of the 2019 California Plumbing Code (Part 5 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations), as determined by the Director, or Rainwater systems where Rainwater is collected solely for subsurface irrigation, drip irrigation, or non-sprinkled surface applications and does not require treatment and that are regulated by Chapter 16 (commencing with Section 1601.0) of the 2019 California Plumbing Code (Part 5 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations), as determined by the Director.

2. Regulation of Alternate Water Sources.
(a) Any person or entity who installs and operates an Alternate Water Source System shall comply with this ordinance, the rules and regulations adopted by the California Department of Public Health, and all applicable local, state, and federal laws. Alternate Water Source Systems shall be designed and built in compliance with Title 17 and Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations, Chapter 15 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code and labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.
(b) Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program. Within ninety (90) days after passage of this ordinance, the Director shall establish a program for Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water systems including rules and regulations regarding the operation of Alternate Water Source Systems necessary to effectuate the purposes of this ordinance and to protect public health and safety. This Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program shall include the risk-based water quality standards established by the California State Water Resources Control Board and shall address, at a minimum:
i. Water quality criteria, including risk-based log reduction targets for the removal of pathogens such as enteric viruses, parasitic protozoa, and enteric bacteria for Nonpotable Water sources, Graywater, Rainwater, Stormwater, and Blackwater, and nonpotable end uses, toilet and urinal flushing, clothes washing, irrigation, and dust suppression;
ii. Water quality monitoring requirements, including content and frequencies; iii. Reporting requirements for the water quality monitoring results, including content and frequencies;
iv. Notification and public information requirements;

9 v. Cross-connection controls; and
vi. Operation and maintenance requirements.
(c) The Director shall review applications for Alternate Water Source Systems and may issue or deny such applications, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. (d) The relevant City departments shall review plans and issue or deny permits for the construction, installation, or modification of Alternate Water Source Systems, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

3. Project Applicant and/or Permittee Design and Construction Requirements. (a) Prior to initiating installation of any Alternate Water Source project, project applicants shall submit to the Director an application for permits to operate Alternate Water Source Systems. Such applications shall comply with the requirements of this ordinance and any regulations the Director has issued. Project applicants shall pay a non-refundable permit application fee to cover the costs of investigation and processing the application and issuing the permit. Each project application submitted to the Director shall include a Nonpotable Water Engineering Report that provides project information determined by the Director to be necessary for complete review of the proposed project. City departments may not approve or issue permits for any site installing an Alternate Water Source System unless and until the Director has approved the Nonpotable Water Engineering Report.
(b) System Design. All buildings using Nonpotable Water from Alternate Water Source Systems shall include:
i. A flow meter on the nonpotable distribution system to account for Nonpotable Water use;
ii. A reduced pressure backflow assembly (RP) within twenty-five (25) feet of the downstream side of the point of connection or meter to protect the City’s public water and/or Recycled Water system;
iii. Signage that state law and the Department of Public Health’s rules and regulations require;
iv. Cross connection control in accordance with Titles 17 and 22 of the California Code of Regulations;
v. Any other requirements the Director determines are necessary to protect public health.
(c) Plumbing Permit. A project applicant shall obtain from the Department of Building Inspection an appropriate plumbing permit and any other building or installation permit required to construct, install, and/or alter an Alternate Water Source System.

10 (d) Encroachment Permit. A project applicant shall obtain from the Department of Public Works appropriate authorization for placement of any pipelines or other portions of an Alternate Water Source System within the public right-of-way. (e) Construction Certification Letter. Project applicants shall certify to the Director that Alternate Water Source System construction is complete and consistent with the approved Nonpotable Water Engineering Report in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance and any implementing rules and regulations. City departments may not approve or issue a First Certificate of Occupancy or approval for any Alternate Water Source System until the Director has reviewed and verified the Construction Certificate Letter.

4. Fees.
(a) The non-refundable application fees for Alternate Water Source System permits are:
i. Rainwater: $
ii. NSF 350 systems: $
iii. Foundation Drainage: $
iv. Graywater: $
v. Blackwater: $
vi. Transfer of any permit: $
(b) The fees set forth in this Section 2.1.C.4 may be adjusted each year, without further action by the City Council.

Not later than April 1, the Director shall report to the Controller the revenues generated by the fees for the prior fiscal year and the prior fiscal year’s costs of operation, as well as any other information that the Controller determines appropriate to the performance of the duties set forth in the Section.

Not later than May 15, the Controller shall determine whether the current fees produce, or are projected to produce, revenues sufficient to support the costs of providing the services for which the fees are assessed and that the fees will not produce revenue that exceeds the reasonable costs of providing the services for which the fees are assessed.

The Controller shall if necessary, adjust the fees upward or downward for the upcoming fiscal year as appropriate to ensure that the program recovers the costs of operation without producing revenue that exceeds the reasonable costs of providing the services for which the fees are assessed. The adjusted rates shall become operative on July 1.

5. Operating Requirements. When the Director determines the applicant has satisfied all the requirements of this Section 2.1.C, the Director may issue an operations permit for an Alternate Water Source System. Permittees shall timely submit all water quality monitoring

11 information required by the provisions of this ordinance and the rules and regulations of the California Department of Public Health and California State Water Resources Control Board. Permittees shall conduct ongoing backflow prevention and cross connection testing in accordance with this ordinance, the rules and regulations of the California Department of Public Health and California State Water Resources Control Board, and all applicable local, state, and federal laws.

6. Nonpotable Water Use Audits. When required by the Director, the Permittee or property owner shall conduct a Nonpotable Water use audit describing the extent of Nonpotable Water use in accordance with the requirements provided by the Director.

7. Sale or Transfer. Permittees shall notify the Director of any intent to sell or transfer the building or facility containing an Alternate Water Source System within thirty (30) days following the sale or transfer of property, in accordance with regulations adopted by the Director.

8. Inspection and Notices of Violation. The Director may inspect any Alternate Water Source System subject to the requirements of this Section 2.1.C to determine compliance with the provisions of this ordinance and applicable regulations.

9. Violation and Penalties. Any Permittee or person otherwise subject to the requirements of this Section 2.1.C who violates any provision of this Section 2.1.C or any applicable rule or regulation shall be subject to enforcement of relevant administrative penalties. The Director may impose administrative penalties and may pursue any other legal remedies for such violations.

10. Revocation and Suspension of Permit. The Director may order a Permittee to cease operation of an Alternate Water Source System or may revoke or suspend the permit to operate if the Director determines that:
(a) The manager, operator, or any employee has violated any provision of this Section

2.1.C or any regulation issued pursuant to this Section 2.1.C; (b) The Alternate Water Source System is being operated or maintained in a manner threatening the public health or health of patrons and/or residents; (c) The owner or operator has refused to allow any duly authorized City official to inspect the premises or the operations of the Alternate Water Source System; or (d) The California State Water Resources Control Board has directed such action.

D. Use of Recycled Water for Single-Family Residential Common Landscaping. All new Single-Family Residential units with landscaping provided by a water meter serving three or more homes that is managed by a homeowners’ association or other association or entity shall be irrigated with Recycled Water if Recycled Water is available within 200 feet of the property line. If Recycled Water is planned to be made available to the development within ten years from the date of building permit issuance or is within the adopted Recycled Water project area, a system shall be constructed that will enable Recycled Water to be easily connected to the irrigation system once the Recycled Water supply is available within 200 feet of the property

12 line, locating irrigation system plumbing such that the system can be supplied near the anticipated point of connection to the future Recycled Water system, ensuring there are no cross-connections between Recycled Water and potable water supplies, and using irrigation system components suitable for use with Recycled Water.

Alternate Water Source Systems shall be labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.
{CODE SECTION} 2.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.

A. Multi-Family and Nonresidential Exterior Faucet Locks. Locks shall be installed on all publicly accessible exterior faucets and hose bibs.

B. Water Meters to Measure Indoor Water Use. For new buildings or additions with a total gross floor area of 50,000 square feet or more, separate water meters or submeters shall be installed to measure indoor water use as follows:

1. For each individual leased, rented, or other tenant space within the building projected to consume more than 100 gallons per day (380 L/day).

2. For each building that uses more than 100 gallons per day (380 L/day) on a parcel containing multiple buildings.

3. Where potable water is used for industrial/process uses, for water supplied to the following subsystems:
(a) Makeup water for cooling towers where flow through is greater than 500 gpm (30 L/s); (b) Makeup water for evaporative coolers greater than 6 gpm (0.04 L/s); and (c) Steam and hot-water boilers with energy input more than 500,000 Btu/h (147 kW).

C. Cooling Towers. All newly constructed cooling towers shall include devices to capture and reuse the blowdown water discharged from the cooling tower, operated in accordance with Section 2.2.D of this ordinance. Plumbing to facilitate the use of Alternate Water Sources shall be labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.

D. Use of Alternate Water Sources for Multi-Family and Nonresidential Buildings. All new Multi-Family Residential and Nonresidential structures shall include dual plumbing systems that facilitate and maximize the use of Alternate Water Sources for use in irrigation, toilet flushing, cooling towers, and other uses suitable for Nonpotable Water as allowed by the appropriate agencies in compliance with the following:

1. If Recycled Water is available within 200 feet of the property line or if the Director has determined that it is reasonably available, 100 percent of water for toilets, urinals, floor drains, and process cooling and heating in that building shall come from Recycled Water.

13 Plumbing to facilitate the use of Alternate Water Sources shall be labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.

2. If Recycled Water is planned to be made available to the development within ten years from the date of building permit issuance or the development is within the adopted Recycled Water project area, the development may meet the requirements of this Section 2.2.D solely by building out the dual plumbing distribution system to the anticipated point of connection to the future Recycled Water system. Plumbing to facilitate the use of Alternate Water Sources shall be labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code.

3. Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Systems. If Recycled Water is not available to the development and is not anticipated to be made available to the development within ten years, the development shall install onsite water collection and treatment systems to capture, collect, treat, and distribute Graywater, Rainwater, and Stormwater runoff. The use of treated Blackwater may be allowed by the Director.
(a) Applicability. This Section 2.2.D.3 shall apply to the installation and operation of Alternate Water Source Systems at new development projects with a total gross floor area of [] square feet or more and to the voluntary installation and operation of Alternate Water Source Systems at sites containing Multi-Family Residential and Nonresidential buildings. This Section 2.2.D.3 shall not apply to systems at Single-Family Residential occupancies, Graywater systems where Graywater is collected solely for subsurface irrigation and does not require treatment and that are regulated by Chapter 15 (commencing with Section 1501.0) of the 2019 California Plumbing Code (Part 5 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations), as determined by the Director, or Rainwater systems where Rainwater is collected solely for subsurface irrigation, drip irrigation, or non-sprinkled surface applications and does not require treatment and that are regulated by Chapter 16 (commencing with Section 1601.0) of the 2019 California Plumbing Code (Part 5 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations), as determined by the Director.
(b) Development Project Requirements.
i. All toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation demands shall be met through the collection and reuse of available onsite Rainwater, Graywater, and Foundation Drainage, to the extent required by application of the Water Budget Documentation developed for each project.
ii. Project applicants shall use the Water Budget Calculator, as provided by the Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program established by the Director, to prepare a Water Budget assessing the amount of Rainwater, Graywater, and Foundation Drainage produced onsite, and the planned toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation demands.
iii. If, based on the Water Budget Documentation, the available supply from onsite sources exceeds the demands for toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation, 100% of those demands shall be met by using the available onsite sources. If, based on

14 the Water Budget Documentation, the available supply from onsite sources is less than the demands for toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation, 100% of the available onsite supply shall be used to meet the demands for toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation. Available Blackwater or Stormwater supplies may be used instead of, or in addition to Rainwater, Graywater, and Foundation Drainage to meet the available onsite supply requirements calculated in accordance with the Water Budget Documentation requirements. iv. Additional Requirements for District Systems. All District Systems shall conform to the following requirements, subject to the Director’s determination, is his or her sole discretion, that an exception to any of such requirements will fulfill the purposes and objectives of this ordinance. Where a District System complies with the requirements in Section 2.2.D.3(b)iv.1 through 2.2.D.3(b)iv.4, including any exceptions approved by the Director, individual development projects within the District shall not be required to demonstrate compliance as long as the individual development projects are provided service by the approved District System.

1. In addition to preparation of the Water Budget, project applicants for District Systems shall submit implementation plans for review and approval, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program established by the Director.

2. District Systems shall be operated by a single Permittee having sole control of operations of all of its facilities, including but not limited to treatment and distribution facilities. District Systems shall be constructed in accordance with all applicable standards and specifications set by the water service provider, sewer service provider, and/or any authority having jurisdiction.

3. District Systems and development projects shall not provide Nonpotable Water to water users or for purposes located outside the boundaries of the District or approved development project, except when the water users or other purposes are located on property contiguous to, or across a public right of way from, the boundaries of the District or approved development project, and the total amount of Nonpotable Water produced by the Alternate Water Source System will not exceed 125% of the District System’s or approved development project’s Nonpotable Water demands for toilet and urinal flushing and irrigation, as determined by the approved Water Budget Documentation.

4. For District Systems, the ongoing operation and maintenance responsibilities of the responsible party shall be held by the owner of the common areas within the District development project and may be transferred to a homeowners’ association or similar entity that maintains the common areas within the District development project.

15 v. The Director may approve alternate District Systems that will achieve compliance with the purposes and objectives of this ordinance, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program established by the Director. Alternative District Systems may include, but are not limited to, water purchase agreements.
vi. City departments shall not issue an encroachment permit, a site permit, or a plumbing permit for a project, or approve a Nonpotable Water Engineering Report, prior to the Director’s determination that the Water Budget Documentation has been prepared in accordance with the rules for Water Budget calculations in the Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program established by the Director.
vii. Subdivision Approvals.

1. Parcel Map or Tentative Subdivision Map Conditions. The Director of Public Works shall not approve a parcel map or tentative subdivision map for any property unless a condition is imposed requiring compliance with this ordinance to serve the potential uses of the property covered by the parcel map or tentative subdivision map, as specified in the provisions of this ordinance.

2. Subdivision Regulations. The Director of Public Works shall adopt regulations consistent with, and in furtherance of this ordinance.

3. Final Maps. The Director of Public Works shall not endorse and file a final map for property within the boundaries of the City without first determining that the subdivider has complied with the conditions imposed on the parcel map or tentative subdivision map pursuant to this ordinance and for any such conditions not fully satisfied prior to the recordation of the final map, the subdivider has signed a certificate of agreement and/or improvement agreement, to ensure compliance with such conditions.

4. This Section 2.2.D.3(b)vii shall not apply to parcel maps or tentative subdivision maps submitted solely for the purposes of condominium conversion.
viii. In the event that a privately owned Alternate Water Supply System approved by the Director is subsequently determined by the California Public Utilities Commission to be subject to that agency’s jurisdiction and regulation, the City may, with the consent of the affected owner, acquire and operate the facilities. (c) Regulation of Alternate Water Sources.
i. Any person or entity who installs and operates an Alternate Water Source System shall comply with this ordinance, the rules and regulations adopted by the California Department of Public Health, and all applicable local, state, and

16 federal laws. Alternate Water Source Systems shall be designed and built in compliance with Title 17 and Title 22 of California Code of Regulations, Chapter 15 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code and labeled in compliance with Chapter 6, Section 601.3 of the 2019 California Plumbing Code. ii. Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program. Within ninety (90) days after passage of this ordinance, the Director shall establish a program for Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water systems including rules and regulations regarding the operation of Alternate Water Source Systems necessary to effectuate the purposes of this ordinance and to protect public health and safety. This Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program shall include the risk-based water quality standards established by the California State Water Resources Control Board and shall address, at a minimum:

1. Water quality criteria, including risk-based log reduction targets for the removal of pathogens such as enteric viruses, parasitic protozoa, and enteric bacteria for Nonpotable Water sources, Graywater, Rainwater, Stormwater, and Blackwater, and nonpotable end uses, toilet and urinal flushing, clothes washing, irrigation, and dust suppression;

2. Water quality monitoring requirements, including content and frequencies;

3. Reporting requirements for the water quality monitoring results, including content and frequencies;

4. Notification and public information requirements;

5. Cross-connection controls; and

6. Operation and maintenance requirements.
iii. The Director shall review applications for Alternate Water Source Systems and may issue or deny such applications, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
iv. The relevant City departments shall review plans and issue or deny permits for the construction, installation, or modification of Alternate Water Source Systems, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. (d) Project Applicant and/or Permittee Design and Construction Requirements. i. Prior to initiating installation of any Alternate Water Source project, project applicants shall submit to the Director an application for permits to operate Alternate Water Source Systems. Such applications shall comply with the requirements of this ordinance and any rules and regulations of the Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water Program established by the Director. Project applicants shall pay a non-refundable permit application fee to cover the costs of investigation and processing the application and issuing the permit. Each project

17 application submitted to the Director shall include a Nonpotable Water Engineering Report that provides project information determined by the Director to be necessary for complete review of the proposed project. City departments may not approve or issue permits for any site installing an Alternate Water Source System unless and until the Director has approved the Nonpotable Water Engineering Report.

The Nonpotable Water Engineering Report for District Systems must include information on the permanent legal agreements between property owners and provide documentation that each party is a willing and responsible participant in the District Nonpotable Water use.
ii. System Design. All buildings using Nonpotable Water from Alternate Water Source Systems shall include:

1. A flow meter on the nonpotable distribution system to account for Nonpotable Water use;

2. A reduced pressure backflow assembly (RP) within twenty-five (25) feet of the downstream side of the point of connection or meter to protect the City’s public water and/or Recycled Water system;

3. Signage that state law and the California Department of Public Health’s rules and regulations require;

4. Cross connection control in accordance with Titles 17 and 22 of the California Code of Regulations;

5. Any other requirements the Director determines are necessary to protect public health.
iii. Plumbing Permit. A project applicant shall obtain from the Department of Building Inspection an appropriate plumbing permit and any other building or installation permit required to construct, install, and/or alter an Alternate Water Source System. Each parcel within a District shall obtain appropriate plumbing and any other building or installation permits required. iv. Encroachment Permit. A project applicant shall obtain from the Department of Public Works appropriate authorization for placement of any pipelines or other portions of an Alternate Water Source System within the public right-of-way. v. Construction Certification Letter. Project applicants shall certify to the Director that Alternate Water Source System construction is complete and consistent with the approved Nonpotable Water Engineering Report in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance and any implementing rules and regulations. City departments may not approve or issue a First Certificate of Occupancy or approval for any Alternate Water Source System until the Director has reviewed and verified the Construction Certificate Letter.

18 (e) Fees.
i. The non-refundable application fees for Alternate Water Source System permits are:

1. Rainwater: $

2. NSF 350 systems: $

3. Foundation Drainage: $

4. Graywater: $

5. Blackwater: $

6. Transfer of any permit: $

7. District Scale, the applicable amount above, plus: $ per hour for plan review and/or onsite inspection
ii. The fees set forth in this Section 4.2.D.3(e) may be adjusted each year, without further action by the City Council.

Not later than April 1, the Director shall report to the Controller the revenues generated by the fees for the prior fiscal year and the prior fiscal year’s costs of operation, as well as any other information that the Controller determines appropriate to the performance of the duties set forth in this Section 2.2.D.

Not later than May 15, the Controller shall determine whether the current fees produce, or are projected to produce, revenues sufficient to support the costs of providing the services for which the fees are assessed and that the fees will not produce revenue that exceeds the reasonable costs of providing the services for which the fees are assessed.

The Controller shall if necessary, adjust the fees upward or downward for the upcoming fiscal year as appropriate to ensure that the program recovers the costs of operation without producing revenue that exceeds the reasonable costs of providing the services for which the fees are assessed. The adjusted rates shall become operative on July 1.

4. Operating Requirements. When the Director determines the applicant has satisfied all the requirements of this Section 2.2.D, the Director may issue an operations permit for an Alternate Water Source System. Permittees shall timely submit all water quality monitoring information required by the provisions of this ordinance and the rules and regulations of California Department of Public Health and the California State Water Resources Control Board. Permittees shall conduct ongoing backflow prevention and cross connection testing in accordance with this ordinance, the rules and regulations of the California Department of

19 Public Health and California State Water Resources Control Board, and all applicable local, state, and federal laws.

5. Nonpotable Water Use Audits. When required by the Director, the Permittee or property owner shall conduct a Nonpotable Water use audit describing the extent of Nonpotable Water use in accordance with the requirements provided by the Director.

6. Sale or Transfer. Permittees shall notify the Director of any intent to sell or transfer the building or facility containing an Alternate Water Source System within thirty (30) days following the sale or transfer of property, in accordance with regulations adopted by the Director.

7. Inspection and Notices of Violation. The Director may inspect any Alternate Water Source System subject to the requirements of this Section 2.2.D to determine compliance with the provisions of this ordinance and applicable regulations.

8. Violation and Penalties. Any Permittee or person otherwise subject to the requirements of this Section 2.2.D who violates any provision of this Section 2.2.D or any applicable rule or regulation shall be subject to enforcement of relevant administrative penalties. The Director may impose administrative penalties and may pursue any other legal remedies for such violations.

9. Revocation and Suspension of Permit. The Director may order a Permittee to cease operation of an Alternate Water Source System, may revoke or suspend the permit to operate, and/or may terminate the operation of, and modify to render inoperable an Alternate Water Source System, if the Director determines that:
(a) The manager, operator, or any employee has violated any provision of this Section

2.2.D or any regulation issued pursuant to this Section 2.2.D; (b) The Alternate Water Source System is being operated or maintained in a manner threatening the public health or health of patrons and/or residents; (c) The owner or operator has refused to allow any duly authorized City official to inspect the premises or the operations of the Alternate Water Source System; or (d) The California State Water Resources Control Board has directed such action.

10. Exceptions.
(a) Additions that use any part of the existing plumbing piping system are exempted from this Section 2.2.D.
(b) Alterations that do not include replacing all of the potable water piping are exempted from this Section 2.2.D.
(c) Mental hospitals or other facilities operated by a public agency for the treatment of persons with mental disorders are exempted from this Section 2.2.D.

20 (d) Where Recycled Water quality has been deemed unsuitable by the Director for a particular fixture or equipment, the fixture and/or equipment shall be dual-plumbed for future connection.
{CODE SECTION} 2.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL FACILITIES.

A. Use of Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities. Toilets and urinals in commercial facilities shall not have sensor or automatic flush valves and instead shall have manually operated flush mechanisms.

B. Use of Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities. Faucets in commercial facilities shall not have automatic sensors installed and instead shall have manually operated handles, which may include metering faucets.

1. Exceptions. Hospitals and airports are exempted from this Section 2.3.B.

C. Water Efficiency in Commercial Kitchens. All new and replacement commercial dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and food waste pulping systems must comply with water efficiency standards as defined in the 2019 California Green Building Standards Code, Part 11, Section A5.303.3 – Appliances and fixtures for commercial application. These standards are mandatory for the purposes of this provision. {CODE SECTION 2.4. REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO SALE AND INSTALLATION OF COMPLIANT FIXTURES AND FITTINGS.

A. Retail Establishments Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings. All stores, outlets and other retails establishments shall only offer for sale plumbing fixtures and fittings that are in compliance with California appliance water efficiency standards. Model numbers of plumbing fixtures and fittings offered for sale must be listed in the California Energy Commission Appliance Efficiency Database.

B. Plumbers, Contractors, and Service Providers Installing Compliant Fixtures and Fittings.

All plumbers, contractors, and other service providers shall not install any plumbing fixtures or other devices that are not in compliance with California appliance water efficiency standards.

Model numbers of plumbing fixtures and fittings installed by plumbers, contractors, and service providers must be listed in the California Energy Commission Appliance Efficiency Database. {CODE SECTION} 2.5. REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION AND POOL AND SPA COVERS FOR RESIDENTIAL AND NONRESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

Requirements in this provision may be addressed in [Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance adopted by jurisdiction]. In any instances of conflicting requirements, the more stringent requirement shall prevail. (Jurisdictions may wish to edit this provision prior to adoption to more closely align with the specific Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance adopted by jurisdiction.) A. Water Meters for Landscape Irrigation. A landscape water meter shall be installed for landscape irrigation for the following:

21 1. When required by the California Department of Water Resources Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance or local water efficient landscape ordinance;

2. Additions and alterations, with a valuation of $200,000 or more, where the entire potable water system is replaced, including all underground piping to the existing meter; and

3. Landscaped areas shall have flow sensors or hydrometers, regardless of being metered separately.

B. Irrigation Controllers. In new construction or building additions or alterations with over 500 square feet of cumulative landscaped area, install irrigation controllers and sensors which include the following criteria:

1. Controllers shall be weather- or soil moisture-based controllers that automatically adjust irrigation in response to changes in plants’ needs as weather conditions change.

2. Weather-based controllers without integral rain sensors or communication systems that account for local rainfall shall have a separate wired or wireless rain sensor that connects or communicates with the controller(s). Soil moisture-based controllers are not required to have rain sensor input.

3. Exception. For new residential construction, manual irrigation is also permitted.

C. Irrigation System. In landscaped areas, irrigation nozzles shall have a maximum precipitation rate of one inch per hour.

D. Irrigation Audits. For newly constructed landscaped areas, the local agency shall administer an irrigation audit to verify that the irrigation system complies with regulations, as well as to identify potential deficiencies and assure that corrections have been made. If corrections are needed, these must be addressed prior to approval of the new construction.

E. Swimming Pool and Spa Covers. Swimming pools and spas must be in compliance with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Part 6 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations Section 110.4. For Single-Family Residential dwellings, any permanently installed outdoor in-ground swimming pool or spa not covered by the scope of the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Part 6 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations Section 110.4, including any swimming pool or spa that is non-heated or has electric resistance heating deriving at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy from site solar energy or recovered energy, shall be equipped with a cover having a manual or power-operated reel system.

1. Exceptions.
(a). For irregular-shaped swimming pools and spas not covered by the scope of the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Part 6 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations Section 110.4, including any swimming pool or spa that is non-heated or has electric resistance heating deriving at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy from site solar energy or recovered energy, for which it is infeasible to cover 100 percent of the

22 swimming pool or spa with a reel system due to its irregular shape, other types of covers may be allowed as determined by the Director.
(b).Additions or alterations to existing swimming pools and spas not covered by the scope of the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Part 6 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations Section 110.4, including any swimming pool or spa that is nonheated or has electric resistance heating deriving at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy from site solar energy or recovered energy, with a valuation not exceeding $25,000 are exempted from this Section 2.5.E.

SECTION 4. SEVERABILITY. If any portion of this Ordinance is held to be invalid or inapplicable to any situation by a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance or the applicability of this Ordinance to other situations.

SECTION 5. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders, and matters established and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect from and after the expiration of ninety (90) days after the date of its adoption.

SECTION 6. POSTING AND PUBLICATION. The City Clerk is hereby directed to publish this ordinance pursuant to §36933 of the Government Code.

23 THE FOREGOING ORDINANCE WAS INTRODUCED AT A MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL HELD ON THE [] DAY OF [MONTH YEAR] AND WAS FINALLY ADOPTED AT A MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL HELD ON THE [] DAY OF [MONTH YEAR], AND SAID ORDINANCE WAS DULY PASSED AND ADOPTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

APPROVED: DATE:
___________________________________ ________________________ NAME, Title
ATTEST: DATE:
___________________________________ ________________________ NAME, Title

24 EXHIBIT A

EXPRESS FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS OF BUILDING STANDARDS Section 1.1.8 of Part 2 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (California Building Standards Code) and Sections 17958 and 18941.5 of the California Health and Safety Code provide that any city, county, or city and county may make more restrictive amendments to the provisions of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the California Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local amendment to the provisions of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, the local governing body must make an express finding supporting its determination that each such local amendment is reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions. Section 101.7.1 of Part 11 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, known as the California Green Building Standards Code, provides that local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions include environmental conditions as established by the city, county, or city and county.

Pursuant to Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the California Health and Safety Code, the following tables summarize the provisions of the 2019 California Building Standards Code in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations being amended by the Ordinance and the findings providing justification for each amendment.

Section of
Ordinance
Making
Amendment
Section of
CA Code
Being
Amended
Title Add,
Delete, or
Amend?
Justification
(see below
for key)
{CODE
SECTION}

2.1A
110.3(c) of
Part 6 of
Title 24
Mandatory Requirements for Service
Water-Heating Systems and Equipment
Add C
Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations C This amendment is justified on the basis of a local climatic condition. Risks such as climate change and drought could negatively affect water supply reliability in Santa Clara County. Santa Clara County is characterized by a dry climate and experiences the effects of drought and the benefits of saving water more intensely than some other communities in California. Santa Clara County’s vulnerabilities to climate change include increases in seasonal irrigation demands, a decrease in imported water supplies as a result of reduced snow pack and a shift in the timing of runoff, more frequent and severe droughts, changes in surface water quality associated with changes in flows and temperature, and

25 changes in imported water quality due to salinity intrusion in the delta.

Temperature projections for the Bay Area show an expected increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves that could result in a decrease in water supply and/or changes in water demands. Precipitation for the beginning of 2018 was 60% of average levels at the San Jose Index Station and significantly lower than that of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the Diablo Range and South County, with snow water equivalent for the Northern Sierra falling well below normal. It is necessary to maximize water efficiency and reduce the waste and unnecessary use of potable water in order to help ensure that water supply is capable of reliably satisfying demand while withstanding the potential and expected future drought conditions in Santa Clara County.

G This amendment is justified on the basis of a local geological condition.

T This amendment is justified on the basis of a local topographical condition.

CALIFORNIA
ENERGY

CODES & STANDARDS

A STATEWIDE UTILITY PROGRAM
Cost-Effectiveness Study for
Residential and Nonresidential
Energy and Water Efficiency Measures
Prepared for:

Kelly Cunningham
Codes and Standards Program
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Prepared by:

Energy Solutions
Last Modified: October 22, 2019

LEGAL NOTICE
This report was prepared by Pacific Gas and Electric Company and funded by the California utility customers under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission.

Copyright 2019, Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved, except that this document may be used, copied, and distributed without modification.

Neither PG&E nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied; or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any data, information, method, product, policy or process disclosed in this document; or represents that its use will not infringe any privately-owned rights including, but not limited to, patents, trademarks or copyrights.

Table of Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Measures Addressed in Report and Recommendations.................................................................2

1.2 Water-Energy Nexus and Policy Drivers..........................................................................................5

1.3 Federal Preemption ........................................................................................................................6 2 Methodology and Assumptions................................................................................................ 6

2.1 Building Prototypes.........................................................................................................................7

2.2 Lifecycle Cost-Effectiveness............................................................................................................8

2.3 Embedded Electricity Use ...............................................................................................................9

2.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions.............................................................................................................9 3 Measure Description and Cost.................................................................................................. 9

3.1 Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water................................................9

3.2 Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings.....................................................................................10

3.3 Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping ..............................................................10

3.4 Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers.................................................................................................11

3.5 Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks............................................................................................11

3.6 Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources..........................................................................................11

3.7 Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors ............................................12

3.8 Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers................................................................................................12

3.9 Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles.................................................13

3.10 Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits .....................................................................................................13

3.11 Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters.............................................................................................14

3.12 Measure 12 – Cooling Towers.......................................................................................................15

3.13 Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities..............................................15

3.14 Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities............................................15

3.15 Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency....................................................................15

3.16 Measure 16 – Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings..................................................................16

3.17 Measure 17 – Installing Compliant Fixtures and Fittings..............................................................16

3.18 Cost Assumptions..........................................................................................................................16 4 Results..................................................................................................................................... 22

4.1 Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water..............................................22

4.2 Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings.....................................................................................24

4.3 Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping ..............................................................25

4.4 Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers.................................................................................................26

4.5 Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks............................................................................................27

4.6 Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources..........................................................................................27

4.7 Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors ............................................29

4.8 Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers................................................................................................30

4.9 Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles.................................................31

4.10 Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits .....................................................................................................32

4.11 Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters.............................................................................................32

4.12 Measure 12 – Cooling Towers.......................................................................................................32

4.13 Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities..............................................33

4.14 Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities............................................33

4.15 Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency....................................................................34 5 Summary and Conclusions...................................................................................................... 35 6 References .............................................................................................................................. 38 Appendix A – Measure-Specific Assumptions and Methodologies................................................ 43

7.1 Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water..............................................43

7.2 Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings.....................................................................................44

7.3 Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping ..............................................................44

7.4 Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers.................................................................................................45

7.5 Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks............................................................................................45

7.6 Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources..........................................................................................46

7.7 Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors ............................................47

7.8 Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers................................................................................................47

7.9 Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles.................................................48

7.10 Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits .....................................................................................................48

7.11 Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters.............................................................................................48

7.12 Measure 12 –Cooling Towers .......................................................................................................49

7.13 Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities..............................................50

7.14 Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities............................................51

7.15 Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency....................................................................51

7.16 Measure 16 – Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings..................................................................52

7.17 Measure 17 – Installing Compliant Fixtures and Fittings..............................................................52 Appendix B – Additional Resources................................................................................................ 53 Rebate Programs ......................................................................................................................................53 Other Resources .......................................................................................................................................55 Appendix C – Energy Utility Rate Schedules................................................................................... 57 Residential Electric Rates..........................................................................................................................58 Residential Gas Rates................................................................................................................................61 Commercial Electric Rates ........................................................................................................................64

Commercial Gas Rates..............................................................................................................................67 Appendix D – Water and Wastewater Rates.................................................................................. 72 Appendix E – Embedded Electricity Usage Methodology............................................................... 73 List of Tables
Table 1: List of Measures and Recommendations..........................................................................................2 Table 2: Building Prototype Characteristics....................................................................................................7 Table 3: IOU Utility Tariffs Used Based on Climate Zone................................................................................8 Table 4: Water Rates - Potable .......................................................................................................................8 Table 5: Water Rates - Recycled .....................................................................................................................8 Table 6: Equivalent CO2 Emissions Factors.....................................................................................................9 Table 7: Cost Assumptions by Measure........................................................................................................16 Table 8: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems ....................22 Table 9: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Demand Recirculation with DWHR ...............................23 Table 10: Energy Consumption – Demand Recirculation with DWHR..........................................................24 Table 11: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Graywater-Ready Dwellings........................................25 Table 12: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Laundry-to-Landscape Systems...................................25 Table 13: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping..................25 Table 14: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Pool and Spa Covers....................................................26 Table 15: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Exterior Hose Bib Locks...............................................27 Table 16: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Multifamily Alternate Water Sources..........................28 Table 17: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Nonresidential Alternate Water Sources ....................29 Table 18: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building with Landscape – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors.................................................................................................................................................29 Table 19: Cost-Effectiveness Results per Building with Landscape – Irrigation Controllers.........................30 Table 20: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Indoor Water Meters ..................................................32 Table 21: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Cooling Towers............................................................33 Table 22: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Manually Operated Toilets..........................................33 Table 23: Cost Effectiveness Results – Manually Operated Faucets............................................................33 Table 24: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency .........................34 Table 25: Average Annual Evaporation by Climate Zone..............................................................................45 Table 26: Per-Unit Savings for Commercial Kitchen Appliances...................................................................51 Table 27: Residential Water and Wastewater Costs (in $2016) ...................................................................72 Table 28: Embedded Electricity in Water by DWR Hydrologic Region..........................................................73 Table 29: Statewide Population-Weighted Average Embedded Electricity in Water...................................74 List of Figures
Figure 1: Assumed cooling tower blowdown treatment and reuse setup....................................................50

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 1 October 2019
1 Introduction
The California Codes and Standards (C&S) Reach Codes program provides technical support to local governments considering adopting a local ordinance (reach code) intended to support meeting local and/or statewide energy and greenhouse gas reduction goals. The program facilitates adoption and implementation of the code when requested by local jurisdictions by providing resources such as cost-effectiveness studies, model language, sample findings, and other supporting documentation. Local jurisdictions that are considering adopting such ordinances may contact the program for support through its website, LocalEnergyCodes.com.

This cost-effectiveness study was sponsored by Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). This report presents measures that local jurisdictions could consider adopting to achieve energy and water savings beyond what will be accomplished by enforcing California statewide building efficiency requirements. Reducing water use is beneficial to address California’s ongoing water resource constraints, but it also results in energy savings associated with water supply, conveyance, treatment, and water heating.

The measures included in this report were originally developed by the Santa Clara County Water Efficient New Development Task Force in 2015-2016 and documented in the model Water Efficient New Development Ordinance (Sustainable Silicon Valley 2016). The Task Force included representatives from Santa Clara County, City of Cupertino, City of Morgan Hill, City of Mountain View, City of Palo Alto, City of Sunnyvale, Valley Water District, Sustainable Silicon Valley, and Joint Venture Silicon Valley. Staff at City of Morgan Hill had been leading the effort. Staff at Valley Water, a countywide wholesale water provider in the Santa Clara county, have been encouraging jurisdictions in Santa Clara County to adopt and implement the model Water Efficient New Development Ordinance. This report was developed to provide supporting cost-effectiveness analysis for the model ordinance developed by the Task Force.

This report presents one cost-effective measure (Measure 1 on Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water) that exceeds minimum 2019 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6) state requirements. Local jurisdictions have the authority to adopt local energy efficiency ordinances that exceed the minimum standards defined by Title 24, Part 6 as established by Public Resources Code Section 25402.1(h)2 and Section 10-106 of Title 24, Part 6. Local jurisdictions must demonstrate that the requirements of the proposed local energy standards are cost-effective and result in buildings consuming less energy than is permitted by Title 24, Part 6. In addition, the jurisdiction must obtain approval from the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission) and file the ordinance with the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC) for the ordinance to be legally enforceable. Therefore, the adoption of Measure 1 would require approval from the Energy Commission and filing with the CBSC to be legally enforceable. All other measures (Measures 2-17) documented in this analysis are not regulated by Title 24, Part 6 and can be adopted without involving the Energy Commission or the CBSC.

The model ordinance associated with this cost-effectiveness study is posted on the C&S Reach Codes Program website at LocalEnergyCodes.com. The version posted on the Program website is the October 2019 version of the model Water Efficient New Development Ordinance developed by the Task Force. However, the code related to onsite non-potable water reuse (part of Measure 6 on Alternate Water Sources) is excluded in the model ordinance posted on the Program website for ease of readability of all other measures. The code language for onsite non-potable water reuse is lengthy given measure complexity. Local jurisdictions interested in the provision requiring onsite treated non-potable water reuse are directed to use San Francisco Health Code (SFHC), Article 12C as a model code (SFDPH 2017). The model ordinance developed by the Task Force uses the language from the SFHC, Article 12C without significant modifications.

Local jurisdictions that are considering adopting any of the measures presented in this report may contact the program for further technical support.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 2 October 2019

1.1 Measures Addressed in Report and Recommendations
Table 1 lists measures addressed in this report and provides measure-specific recommendations for local jurisdictions considering these measures. Additional recommendations on refining the analysis are included in the Summary and Conclusions section of this report.

Table 1: List of Measures and Recommendations
Name Scope Key Recommendations
(from authors of this report)
Measure 1 - Water Waste Reduction when
Delivering Hot Water
Option A - Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems
Meet requirements for the Compact Hot Water
Distribution System Expanded Credit, including
verification from Home Energy Rating System (HERS)
Rater in accordance with the 2019 Title 24, Part 6
Residential Reference Appendices section RA4.4.16.

Option B - Demand Recirculation with Drain Water
Heat Recovery (DWHR)
Where a hot water recirculation system or electric
trace heating system exists, limit the amount of
water contained in each branch from the
recirculating loop or electric trace heating element to the fixture to a maximum of 0.125 gallon of water.

Recirculation systems must have a manual control
(pushbutton). In addition, meet requirements of a
DWHR system, installed in an equal flow
configuration, with HERS verification in accordance
with the 2019 Reference Appendices RA4.4.21.

New Construction
Residential (Single
Family)
As an alternative to this measure,
consider mandating compact hot
water distribution systems for certain
dwelling sizes.

Rationale: The overall package is too
burdensome as a code requirement,
the payback period for Measure 1B is
long, and savings for Measure 1B are
not guaranteed because the measure
relies on user behavior to use manual
control for a recirculation system.

Measure 2 - Graywater-Ready Dwellings
Build graywater-ready dwellings with dedicated
graywater collection and distribution plumbing.

Sources of graywater collection include showers,
baths, lavatory sinks, and laundry washing machines.

New Construction
(with over 500 ft2 of
landscape)
Residential (Single
Family)
As an alternative to this measure,
consider including only the provision
for laundry-to-landscape graywater
system.

Rationale: Laundry-to-landscape
graywater system is simpler to build,
use, and maintain compared to more
complex system covered by the
measure.

Measure 3 - Recycled Water for Common
Landscaping
Construct a system to enable connecting common
landscaping irrigation system to the source of
recycled water once recycled water supply is
available within 200 feet of the property line. The
measure applies to single-family developments with
common landscaping serving three or more homes
managed by a homeowners’ association. When
recycled water is not available at the time of
construction, the measure still applies as long as the
recycled water is planned to be made available to the
New Construction
Residential (Single
Family)
None

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 3 October 2019
development within ten years from the date of
building permit issuance.

Measure 4- Pool and Spa Covers
Install covers on permanently installed outdoor inground swimming pools or spas not covered by Title 24, Part 6, including any swimming pool or spa that is
non-heated or has electric resistance heating deriving
at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy from
site solar energy or recovered energy.

New Construction
Additions and
Alterations above
$25,000 valuation
Residential (Single
Family)
None
Measure 5 - Exterior Hose Bib Locks
Install locks on all publicly accessible exterior faucets and hose bibs.

New Construction
Residential
(Multifamily);
Nonresidential
None
Measure 6 - Alternate Water Sources
Include dual plumbing systems to facilitate and
maximize the use of alternate water sources for
irrigation, toilet flushing, cooling towers, and other
uses suitable for non-potable water. The alternate
water sources include a) recycled water when
available (within 200 feet of the property line) at the time of construction or when anticipated to be
available within ten years from the date of building
permit issuance and b) onsite treated non-potable
water, including graywater, rainwater, foundation
drainage, and, optionally, blackwater.

New Construction
Residential
(Multifamily);
Nonresidential
None
Measure 7 - Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and
Flow Sensors
Install water meters for landscape irrigation when
required by DWR MWELO as well as for additions and
alterations, with valuation of $200,000 or more,
where the entire potable water system is replaced,
including all underground piping to the existing
meter. Include flow sensors for all landscaped areas.

New Construction
Additions and
Alterations above
$200,000 valuation
Residential (Single
Family and
Multifamily);
Nonresidential
As an alternative to this measure,
consider adopting 2015 Bay Area
Water Supply and Conservation
Agency (BAWSCA) MWELO that has a
lower threshold of 1,000 ft2 for
permitted rehabilitated landscapes
compared to the threshold of 2,500 ft2
in 2015 Department of Water
Resources Model Water Efficient
Landscape Ordinance (DWR MWELO).

As another alternative to this
measure, consider mandating
voluntary 2016 California Green
Building Standards (CALGreen)
requirements on landscape water
meters (which are stricter than 2015

DWR/BAWSCA MWELO
requirements).

Rationale: 2015 BAWSCA MWELO
sufficiently covers the intent of the
measure. Aligning the code with 2015
BAWSCA MWELO and/or 2016
CALGreen improves consistency in
regulations.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 4 October 2019
Measure 8 - Irrigation Controllers
Install irrigation controllers that are weather- or soil moisture-based and that automatically adjust
irrigation in response to changes in plants’ needs as
weather conditions change. A weather-based
controller must have a rain sensor.

New Construction,
Additions, and
Alterations (all with
over 500 ft2 of
landscape)
Residential (Single
Family and
Multifamily);
Nonresidential
As an alternative to this measure,
consider adopting 2015 BAWSCA
MWELO that has a lower threshold of
1,000 ft2 for permitted rehabilitated
landscapes compared the threshold of
2,500 ft2 in 2015 DWR MWELO.

Rationale: Aligning the code with
2015 BAWSCA MWELO improves
consistency in regulations.

Measure 9 - Maximum Precipitation Rate for
Irrigation Nozzles
In landscaped areas, irrigation nozzles shall have a
maximum precipitation rate of one inch per hour.

New Construction
Residential (Single
Family and
Multifamily);
Nonresidential
As an alternative to this measure,
consider early adoption of Title 20
(California Appliance Efficiency
Regulations) requirement that
mandates pressure regulators in spray
sprinkler bodies.

As another alternative to this
measure, consider stricter than one
inch per hour value for maximum
precipitation rate or requiring design
of irrigation systems such that
precipitation rate of an irrigation
system matches soil infiltration rate.

Rationale: Alternative strategies are
more likely to address potential water
runoff and over irrigation issues.

Measure 10 - Irrigation Audits
For newly constructed landscaped areas, irrigation
audit shall be administered by a local agency to verify the irrigation system complies with regulations. In
case of noncompliance, identified deficiencies shall
be addressed.

New Construction
Residential (Single
Family and
Multifamily);
Nonresidential
As an alternative to this measure,
consider adopting 2015 BAWSCA
MWELO that has a lower threshold of
1,000 ft2 for permitted rehabilitated
landscapes compared to the threshold
of 2,500 ft2 in 2015 DWR MWELO.

Rationale: Aligning the code with
2015 BAWSCA MWELO improves
consistency in regulations.

Measure 11 - Indoor Water Meters
Install separate water meters or submeters to
measure indoor water use a) for each individual
leased, rented, or other tenant space within building
projected to consume more than 100 gallons per day;
b) for each building projected to use more than 100
gallons per day on a parcel containing multiple
buildings; c) for potable water supplied for a) makeup
water in cooling towers where flow is greater than
500 gallons per minute, b) for makeup water for
evaporative coolers greater than six gallons per
minute, and c) for steam and hot-water boilers with
energy input greater than 500,000 Btu/h.

New Construction,
Additions (both
50,000 ft2 or more)
Residential
(Multifamily);
Nonresidential
None
Measure 12 - Cooling Towers New Construction None

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 5 October 2019
Newly installed cooling towers shall include devices
to capture and reuse the blowdown water discharged
from the cooling tower.

Residential
(Multifamily);
Nonresidential
Measure 13 - Manually Operated Toilets in
Commercial Facilities
Install toilets and urinals with manual flush rather
than sensor or automatic flush valves.

New Construction
Nonresidential
None
Measure 14 - Manually Operated Faucets in
Commercial Facilities
Install faucets with manual rather than sensor
operation. This measure does not apply to hospitals
and airports.

New Construction
Nonresidential
None
Measure 15 - Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency
Install new and replacement commercial
dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and
food waste pulping systems that meet or exceed
water efficiency standards under 2016 CALGreen
(Title 24, Part 11, Section A6.303.3).

New and
Replacement
Equipment
Nonresidential
None
Measure 16 - Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings
Stores, outlets, and other retail establishments shall
offer for sale plumbing fixtures and fittings compliant with Title 20.

Residential;
Nonresidential
None
Measure 17 - Installing Compliant Fixtures and
Fittings
Plumbers, contractors, and other service providers
shall install plumbing fixtures and fittings compliant
with Title 20.

Residential;
Nonresidential
None
Source: Energy Solutions.

1.2 Water-Energy Nexus and Policy Drivers
Supplying and treating water consumes a significant amount of electricity across the state. However, that energy is usually consumed off-site at a centralized pumping station or treatment plant. The relationship between water use and energy use is direct and inter-dependent, and the reduced energy use can help justify additional water efficiency standards. Nearly twenty percent of the electricity and thirty percent of non-power plantrelated natural gas use in California is associated with meeting California‘s water supply needs (Energy Commission 2006).
1 California consumes about 2.9 trillion gallons of water per year for urban uses (ChristianSmith, Heberger and Allen 2012). 2 These 2.9 trillion gallons of water correspond to approximately 12.2 Gigawatt 1 Water-related energy uses include energy consumed by water agencies for water collection, extraction, conveyance, treatment prior to use (e.g., potable), treatment and disposal after use (e.g., wastewater), and for distribution to end-users. It also includes energy used by the end-user after the water agency has delivered water, such as energy used to pump and heat water on-site. 2 Urban uses include outdoor and indoor residential water use; water used in commercial, institutional, and industrial applications; and unreported water use, which is primarily attributed to leaks.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 6 October 2019
(GWh) of embedded electricity.3 More than 4.4 GWh of electricity are used every year to supply and treat potable water that is used inside residential buildings. Conversely, water is required to produce electricity; if electricity demand increases so does the demand for water (California Sustainability Alliance 2013). The California Global Warming Action Plan, developed in response to Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32) in 2006, recognizes this water-energy nexus. The plan calls for the establishment of indoor and outdoor water efficiency standards, and water recycling initiatives to help achieve California state greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goals.4 AB 1668 and Senate Bill 606 (SB 606), signed into law in 2018, directed the California State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board), in coordination with the DWR, to adopt standards for the efficient water use by June 30, 2022. The bills established indoor water use goals (55 gallons per day per capita until 2025 and 50 gallons per day per capita starting in 2030) and specified reporting requirements. Fines to enforce upcoming regulations may be assessed starting November 1, 2027.

In 2017, AB 574 directed the State Water Board to adopt uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse through raw water augmentation by December 31, 2023. The Policy for Water Quality Control for Recycled Water (Recycled Water Policy) adopted by the State Water Board in 2009 and last amended in 2018, supports the use of recycled water. The Recycled Water Policy provides guidance to protect public health and the environment when using recycled water and includes goals and mandates for the use of recycled water and stormwater as well as for increasing urban and industrial water conservation (State Water Board 2019).

AB 2282, signed into law in 2014, directed the CBSC and California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) to develop mandatory standards for using recycled water in new nonresidential and residential construction. During the 2016 Intervening Code Adoption Cycle, the California Plumbing Code (Title 24, Part 5) and the California Green Building Standards Code (Title 24, Part 11 or CALGreen) were amended to include the requirements to use tertiary treated recycled water from a centralized source for irrigation in new nonresidential and residential construction. These mandatory recycled water standards went into effect on July 1, 2018, but were invalidated in May 2019 by a court order that resulted from a lawsuit brought by a labor union. The court order invalidated the recycled water standards for substantial failure of CBSC and HCD to comply with the Administrative Procedure Act of Government Code during the adoption of the recycled water standards, specifically, requirements to assess economic impacts of new standards (HCD 2019).

1.3 Federal Preemption
The United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) sets minimum efficiency standards for equipment and appliances that are federally regulated under the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA), including heating, cooling, and water heating equipment. State and local governments are prohibited from adopting higher minimum efficiencies than the federal standards require. This report presents measures that do not impose more stringent energy efficiency requirements on equipment that is covered by NAECA. 2 Methodology and Assumptions
This analysis uses a customer-based lifecycle cost (LCC) approach to evaluate cost-effectiveness of the proposed measures, whereas the Energy Commission LCC methodology uses Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) as the primary metric for energy savings benefits. Both methodologies require estimating and quantifying the energy 3 Assumptions: Embedded energy factor of 4,848 kilowatt hours (kWh)/million gallons (MG) for residential indoor water use and unreported leaks; embedded energy factor of 3,565 kWh/MG for residential outdoor; embedded energy factor of 4,206 kWh/MG for commercial, institutional, and industrial.
4 See Appendix E – Embedded Electricity Usage Methodology for information about the methodology used to calculate the embedded energy estimates presented in this report.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 7 October 2019
savings associated with energy efficiency measures, as well as quantifying the costs associated with the measures. The main difference between the methodologies is the way they value energy and, thus, the cost savings of reduced or avoided energy use. The Energy Commission LCC Methodology uses TDV that reflects the “societal value or cost” of energy including long-term projected costs of energy such as the cost of providing energy during peak periods of demand and other societal costs such as projected costs for carbon emissions (Energy & Environment Economics 2017). The customer-based LCC methodology values energy and water based upon estimated site energy and water usage and utility rate schedules to estimate cost savings to the customer.

As TDV does not include a valuation of water savings, this metric would underestimate the value of most resources saved from these measures and is therefore not the most appropriate metric for determining costeffectiveness of efficiency measures saving both energy and water.

2.1 Building Prototypes
For the measure (Measure 1 - Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water) that builds upon the 2019 Title 24, Part 6 requirements, the California Building Energy Code Compliance software for Residential Buildings (CBECC-Res) to evaluate energy impacts was used. The Energy Commission defines building prototypes that are used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of proposed changes to Title 24, Part 6. There are two single family prototypes, whose basic characteristics are described in Table 2. Additional details on the prototypes can be found in the Alternate Calculation Method (ACM) Approval Manual (Energy Commission, 2018b).

Demand-initiated recirculation systems paired with DWHR in Measure 1 were simulated using both prototypes – 2,100 ft2 and 2,700 ft2, with results presented for a 2,430-square foot single family home. For compact hot water distribution systems in Measure 1, this analysis includes savings estimates from the Final 2019 CASE Report (Statewide CASE Team 2017a), which used a weighted average of the two Energy Commission single family prototypes (2,100 and 2,700 ft2), with results presented for a 2,430-square foot single family home.

Table 2: Building Prototype Characteristics
Single Family
One-Story
Single Family
Two-Story
Conditioned Floor Area 2,100 ft2 2,700 ft2
Number of Stories 1 2
Number of Bedrooms 3 4
Window-to-Floor Area Ratio 20% 20%
Source: Energy Commission 2018b.

For measures involving nonresidential buildings, building assumptions were based either on the three-story, 53,628-square foot medium sized office building prototype, 117,000-square foot large office prototype, or 498,589-square foot large office prototype depending on a measure. For measures involving multifamily buildings, building assumptions were based on a two-story, 6,960-square foot multifamily building prototype with four one-bedroom, 780-square foot units and four two-bedroom, 960-square foot units.

For irrigation measures, the landscape area for a residential landscape was assumed to be 2,648 ft2, which was the median from an Aquacraft study on end use water profiles (Aquacraft 2011a). The landscape area for nonresidential landscape was assumed to be 8,826 ft2. The area for a nonresidential landscape was calculated by scaling the residential landscape area of 2,648 ft2 based on the comparison between 69,000 gallons per year used outdoors for single family homes (Aquacraft 2011b) and 230,000 gallons per year used outdoors for nonresidential buildings (Statewide CASE Team 2017c).

Measure-specific methodologies are presented in Appendix A – Measure-Specific Assumptions and Methodologies.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 8 October 2019

2.2 Lifecycle Cost-Effectiveness
Measure cost-effectiveness was evaluated for all sixteen climate zones (defined by the Energy Commission) and is presented based on lifecycle customer benefit-to-cost (B/C) ratio metric. The B/C ratio is a metric that represents the cost-effectiveness of energy and water efficiency over a 30-year period of analysis (for residential measures) or a 15-year period of analysis (for nonresidential measures). The metric takes into account discounting of future savings (real discount rate of three percent) and future incremental costs, including maintenance or replacement cost if replacement takes place prior to the end of the 15- or 30-year evaluation period. The B/C ratio is the incremental energy and water cost savings (net present value benefits) divided by the total incremental costs (net present value costs). A value of one indicates the cost savings over the period of analysis are equivalent to the incremental cost of measure. A measure is cost-effective if the B/C ratio is equal to or greater than one. Simple payback is also presented and is calculated using Equation 1.

Equation 1:

Simple payback = First incremental cost / Net annual cost savings Where:

Equation 2:

𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒔𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 = 𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒔𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 − 𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒔 The water and energy utility rates in place at the time of this analysis were used to calculate cost savings associated with the water and energy savings of the considered measures. Table 3 presents the rates used in the analysis, which are the most commonly-used energy rates for each occupancy type. For this analysis, PG&E rates were used for gas and electricity in climate zones 1 through 5, 11 through 13, and 16. SCE electricity rates and SoCalGas rates were used for climate zones 6, 8 through 10, 14 and 15. SDG&E rates were used for electricity and gas for climate zone 7.

Water rates are summarized in Table 4 and Table 5. Appendix C – Energy Utility Rate Schedules includes the detailed rate schedules used for this study and Appendix D – Water and Wastewater Rates describes the methodology for determining average statewide water rates.

Table 3: IOU Utility Tariffs Used Based on Climate Zone Climate Zones Electric / Gas
Utility
Electricity
(Standard) Natural Gas Electricity (Standard) Natural Gas Residential Commercial
1-5, 11-13, 16 PG&E E1 G1 A-10 G-NR1
6, 8-10, 14, 15 SCE/SoCalGas D GR GS-2-A G10
7 SDG&E DR GR A GN-3
Table 4: Water Rates - Potable
Rate ($/1,000
gallons)
Rate ($/1,000
gallons)
Residential Commercial
Potable $6.44 $4.82
Wastewater $1.54 $5.19
Total $7.98 $10.01

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 9 October 2019
Table 5: Water Rates - Recycled
Rate ($/1,000
gallons)
Rate ($/1,000
gallons)
Residential Commercial
Recycled $5.80 $4.34
Wastewater $1.54 $5.19
Total $7.34 $9.53

2.3 Embedded Electricity Use
Energy is required for water supply, conveyance, treatment and distribution of potable water, and collection and treatment of wastewater. For this analysis, it was assumed that every million gallons (MG) of water used for an indoor application in California is attributable to 4,848 kWh of electricity use and every MG of water used for an outdoor application in California is attributable to 3,565 kWh of electricity use. These values were derived from a California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) cost-effectiveness analysis of water and energy prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc. (CPUC 2015b). The CPUC analysis was limited to evaluating the embedded electricity in water and does not include embedded natural gas in water. Since accurate estimates of the embedded natural gas in water were not available at the time of writing, the analysis in this report does not include estimates of embedded natural gas savings associated with water reductions.

See Appendix E – Embedded Electricity Usage Methodology for further discussion on the methodology used to develop the embedded energy factor.

2.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2-e) emission reductions were calculated using the emission factors in Table 6.

Electricity emission factors are specific to California electricity production.

Table 6: Equivalent CO2 Emissions Factors
Energy Type Emission Factor Source
Electricity 0.724 lb. CO2-e / kWh U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) 2007 eGRID data.a
Natural Gas 11.7 lb. CO2-e / Therm Emission rates for natural gas combustion as reported by the EPA GHG Equivalencies Calculator.b
a Source: https://www.epa.gov/ener4.9gy/ghg-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references b Source: https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator 3 Measure Description and Cost
This section presents detailed descriptions and background for measures addressed in this analysis. Table 7 at the end of the section summarizes assumed costs for all measures.

3.1 Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water Scope: New Construction; Single Family
Option A – Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems
Description: Meet requirements for the Compact Hot Water Distribution System Expanded Credit, including verification from Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Rater in accordance with the 2019 Title 24, Part 6 Residential Reference Appendices section RA4.4.16.

Background: The HERS-Verified Compact Hot Water Distribution System Expanded Credit was originally developed under the 2013 Title 24, Part 6 standards development and continued as a compliance credit under 2016 Title 24, Part 6 to encourage builders to locate hot water fixtures close to the water heater to save water

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 10 October 2019
and energy. As an optional compliance strategy, the credit has historically seen low uptake at around 0.1 percent (Statewide CASE Team 2017a). As a result, the compliance credit was updated in the 2019 Title 24, Part 6 Standards to allow for a basic credit option without HERS verification and an expanded credit option with HERS verification.

This measure option is one of two options to reduce water waste when waiting for hot water to arrive at the fixture. This option achieves this goal by reducing the length of pipe in the hot water distribution system in single family new construction.

Option B – Demand Recirculation with DWHR
Description: Where a hot water recirculation system or electric trace heating system exists, limit the amount of water contained in each branch from the recirculating loop or electric trace heating element to the fixture to a maximum of 0.125 gallon of water. Recirculation systems must have a manual control (pushbutton). In addition, meet requirements of a DWHR system, installed in an equal flow configuration, with HERS verification in accordance with the 2019 Reference Appendices RA4.4.21.

Background: In the Title 24, Part 6 Standards, recirculation systems are permitted but not required. Under the prescriptive approach to compliance, Title 24, Part 6 specifies that demand recirculation systems must have manual controls. Under the performance approach, both systems with manual controls or occupancy sensor controls are permitted. DWHR system is a new compliance credit under the 2019 Title 24, Part 6 Standards.

Installing a DWHR system in an equal flow configuration refers to the installation of the device with pre-heated water routed to both the water heater and the shower to maximize energy savings (Statewide CASE Team 2017b).

3.2 Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings
Scope: New Construction; Single Family
Description: Build graywater-ready dwellings with dedicated graywater collection and distribution plumbing.

Sources of graywater collection include showers, baths, lavatory sinks, and laundry washing machines. This measure does not apply to dwellings with less than 500 ft2 of irrigated landscape.

Background: 2016 CALGreen includes a voluntary measure in Section A4.305.1 that addresses using graywater for irrigation. The CALGreen measure allows alternative plumbing piping to be installed to use water from clothes washers or other fixtures for an irrigation system so long as the piping system complies with the California Plumbing Code. Chapter 15 of the California Plumbing Code addresses requirements for alternate water sources.

This measure results in direct water savings and indirect (embedded) energy savings by offsetting the amount of potable water used in single family landscape irrigation.

3.3 Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping
Scope: New Construction; Single Family
Description: Construct a system to enable connecting common landscaping irrigation system to the source of recycled water once recycled water supply is available within 200 feet of the property line. The measure applies to single-family developments with common landscaping serving three or more homes managed by a homeowners’ association. When recycled water is not available at the time of construction, the measure still applies as long as the recycled water is planned to be made available to the development within ten years from the date of building permit issuance.

Background: Pursuant to AB 2282, during the 2016 Intervening Code Adoption Cycle, the California Plumbing Code and CALGreen were amended to include the requirements to use tertiary treated recycled water from a

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 11 October 2019
centralized source for irrigation in new nonresidential and residential construction. These mandatory recycled water standards went into effect on July 1, 2018 but were invalidated in May 2019 by a court order that resulted from a lawsuit brought by a labor union. For newly constructed residential developments, the invalidated provision in the 2016 CALGreen stated that recycled water supply system for irrigation may be required, thus, making this provision non-mandatory unless the provision is adopted as a local ordinance by local jurisdictions.

The measure results in direct water savings and indirect (embedded) energy savings by offsetting the amount of potable water used in irrigating common landscape.

3.4 Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers
Scope: New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Single Family Description: Install covers on permanently installed outdoor in-ground swimming pools or spas not covered by Title 24, Part 6, including any swimming pool or spa that is non-heated or has electric resistance heating deriving at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy from site solar energy or recovered energy. Additions or alterations to existing swimming pools and spas that are not covered by Title 24, Part 6, with a valuation not exceeding $25,000, are exempt.

Background: Title 24, Part 6 already requires covers on pools and spas heated with a gas or heat pump water heater. This measure expands the scope of Title 24, Part 6 coverage without altering Title 24, Part 6 requirements. This measure expands the scope to non-heated pools and spas or those using electric resistance heating combined with a solar thermal system providing at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy. 2015 Department of Water Resources Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (DWR MWELO) has a provision that highly recommends pool and spa covers but does not mandate them (CCR 2019b). Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency (BAWSCA), a regional coalition of cities, water districts, and private utilities, developed its own version of MWELO with a primary goal to simplify the language of the statewide version. 2015 BAWSCA version of MWELO mandates covers for new pools and spas.

This measure results in direct water savings and associated indirect (embedded) energy savings from reduced evaporation.

3.5 Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks
Scope: New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential Description: Install locks on all publicly accessible exterior faucets and hose bibs.

Background: The Reach Codes Team is not aware of regulations pertaining to locks on hose bibs. This measure results in direct water savings and indirect (embedded) energy savings by preventing water theft from publiclyaccessible faucets.

3.6 Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources
Scope: New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential Description: Include dual plumbing systems to facilitate and maximize the use of alternate water sources for irrigation, toilet flushing, cooling towers, and other uses suitable for non-potable water. The alternate water sources include:
• recycled water when available at the time of construction or when anticipated to be available within ten years from the date of building permit issuance and
• onsite treated non-potable water, including graywater, rainwater, foundation drainage, and, optionally, blackwater.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 12 October 2019
For this measure, recycled water is considered available when a recycled water supply pipe is available within 200 feet of the property line.

Background: Pursuant to AB 2282, during the 2016 Intervening Code Adoption Cycle, the California Plumbing Code and CALGreen were amended to include the requirements to use tertiary treated recycled water from a centralized source for irrigation in new nonresidential and residential construction. These mandatory recycled water standards went into effect on July 1, 2018 but were invalidated in May 2019 by a court order that resulted from a lawsuit brought by a labor union. For newly constructed nonresidential developments, the invalidated provision in the 2016 CALGreen stated that recycled water supply system for irrigation is required when a recycled water supply pipe is located within 300 feet from a construction site boundary.

In 2012, City and County of San Francisco adopted a voluntary program, also known as Non-potable Water Ordinance, for onsite water reuse for commercial, multifamily, and mixed-use development. In 2016, the ordinance was amended to become mandatory for new development buildings with at least 250,000 square feet of gross floor area within the city boundary. This ordinance is being considered as a model code by local jurisdictions across the United States.

This measure results in water savings and associated embedded energy savings by offsetting the amount of potable water used for irrigation, toilet flushing, and cooling towers.

3.7 Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors Scope: New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential and Nonresidential Description: Install water meters for landscape irrigation when required by DWR MWELO as well as for additions and alterations, with valuation of $200,000 or more, where the entire potable water system is replaced, including all underground piping to the existing meter. Include flow sensors for all landscaped areas.

Background: 2015 DWR MWELO requires landscape water meters for nonresidential irrigated landscapes between 1,000 ft2 and 5,000 ft2 and for residential irrigated landscape of 5,000 ft2 or greater. The water meters could be either provided by the local water provider or privately owned. 2015 DWR MWELO also mandates flow sensors for nonresidential landscapes (permitted new construction with at least 500 ft2 of landscape and permitted rehabilitated projects that involve at least 2,500 ft2 of landscape) and residential landscapes that are 5,000 ft2 or greater (CCR 2019a,c).

For landscape water meters, 2015 BAWSCA MWELO has the same requirements as 2015 DWR MWELO. For flow sensors, 2015 BAWSCA MWELO also requires flow sensors that detect high flow conditions created by system damage or malfunction for nonresidential landscapes (permitted new construction with at least 500 ft2 of landscape and permitted rehabilitated projects that involve at least 1,000 ft2 of landscape) and residential landscapes of 5,000 ft2 or larger. For flow sensors, 2015 BAWSCA MWELO has a lower threshold of 1,000 ft2 for permitted nonresidential rehabilitated landscapes compared to 2015 DWR MWELO. 2016 CALGreen has a voluntary requirement to install water meters for new water service serving residential landscaped areas less than 5,000 ft2 (Section A4.304.3 Landscape Water Meters) and serving nonresidential landscaped areas between 500 and 1,000 ft2 in size (Section A5.304.2 Outdoor Water Use).

For flow sensors, this measure is stricter than 2015 DWR MWELO or 2015 BAWSCA MWELO since the measure requires a flow sensor for a landscaped area of any size. For landscape water meters, this measure is stricter than 2015 DWR MWELO, 2015 BAWSCA MWELO, and 2016 CALGreen since this measure applies to additions and alterations, with a valuation of $200,000 or more, where the entire potable water system is replaced.

This measure results in water savings and associated embedded energy savings.

3.8 Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers
Scope: New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential and Nonresidential

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 13 October 2019
Description: Install irrigation controllers and sensors in new construction, building additions, or alterations with over 500 ft2 of cumulative landscaped area. Irrigation controllers shall be weather- or soil moisture-based and shall automatically adjust irrigation in response to changes in plants’ needs as weather conditions change. A weather-based controller without an integral rain sensor or a communication system that accounts for local rainfall must have a separate wired or wireless rain sensor that connects or communicates with the controller.

Background: As of this report’s development in October 2019, the California Energy Commission includes irrigation controllers in the list of appliance categories that are in the Title 20 pre-rulemaking stage. 2015 DWR MWELO requires rain sensors and irrigation controllers that use evapotranspiration or soil moisture data for the following landscape projects:
• new construction projects, with an aggregate landscape equal to or greater than 500 ft2, requiring a building or landscape permit, plan check or design review and • rehabilitated landscape projects, with an aggregate landscape area equal to or greater than 2,500 ft2, requiring a building or landscape permit, plan check or design review (CCR 2019a,c). 2015 BAWSCA MWELO also requires irrigation controllers but uses a lower threshold of 1,000 ft2 for permitted rehabilitated landscapes compared to 2015 DWR MWELO's threshold of 2,500 ft2.

For additions and alterations, this measure is stricter than both 2015 DWR MWELO and 2015 BAWSCA MWELO since this measure covers additions and alterations with over 500 ft2 of cumulative landscaped area (significantly lower than the threshold of 2,500 ft2 in 2015 DWR MWELO and 1,000 ft2 in 2015 BAWSCA MWELO). It is assumed that addition and alteration projects would involve rehabilitating landscapes.

This measure results in water savings and associated embedded energy savings from reduced irrigation.

3.9 Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles Scope: New Construction; Residential and Nonresidential Description: In landscaped areas, irrigation nozzles shall have a maximum precipitation rate of one inch per hour.

Background: 2015 DWR MWELO mandates that slopes greater than 25 percent are irrigated with an irrigation system with an application rate (also known as precipitation rate) not exceeding 0.75 inches per hour (CCR 2019c). Also, 2015 DWR MWELO mandates to design irrigation systems to prevent runoff, or overspray (CCR 2019c).

The California Energy Commission passed a resolution in August 2019 to adopt Title 20 efficiency standards for spray sprinkler bodies (Energy Commission 2019a). The standards require manufacturers to include pressure regulators in spray sprinkler bodies, test and submit key performance metrics on spray sprinkler bodies to Modernized Appliance Efficiency Database System, and label spray sprinkler bodies. The adopted standards apply to newly manufactured products sold or offered for sale in California on or after October 1, 2020. The adopted standards provide another way to avoid overirrigation due to excessing water flow rates.

This measure results in direct water savings and associated embedded energy savings from improved irrigation efficiency.

3.10 Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits
Scope: New Construction; Residential and Nonresidential Description: For newly constructed landscaped areas, irrigation audit shall be administered by a local agency to verify the irrigation system complies with regulations. In case of noncompliance, identified deficiencies shall be addressed.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 14 October 2019
Background: 2015 DWR MWELO requires submission of an irrigation audit report as part of the Certificate of Completion package (CCR 2019d,e) for the following landscape projects:
• new construction projects, with an aggregate landscape equal to or greater than 500 ft2, requiring a building or landscape permit, plan check or design review and • rehabilitated landscape projects, with an aggregate landscape area equal to or greater than 2,500 ft2, requiring a building or landscape permit, plan check or design review (CCR 2019a,c).

Per 2015 DWR MWELO, a local agency can approve or deny the Certificate of Completion, thus, providing a way for the local agency to enforce proper irrigation system design. 2015 BAWSCA MWELO also requires an irrigation audit but uses a lower threshold of 1,000 ft2 for permitted rehabilitated landscapes compared to 2015 DWR MWELO's threshold of 2,500 ft2.

For new construction, this measure is stricter than 2015 DWR MWELO or 2015 BAWSCA MWELO since both versions of MWELO apply to permitted new construction projects, with an aggregate landscape equal to or greater than 500 ft2. In contrast, this measure applies to newly constructed landscapes of any size.

3.11 Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters
Scope: New Construction, Additions; Multifamily and Nonresidential Description: Install separate water meters or submeters to measure indoor water use for the following:
• for each individual leased, rented, or other tenant space within building projected to consume more than 100 gallons per day;
• for each building projected to use more than 100 gallons per day on a parcel containing multiple buildings;
• for potable water supplied for a) makeup water in cooling towers where flow is greater than 500 gallons per minute, b) for makeup water for evaporative coolers greater than six gallons per minute, and c) for steam and hot-water boilers with energy input greater than 500,000 Btu/h.

This measure applies to new multifamily residential and new nonresidential buildings with a total gross floor area of 50,000 ft2 or more and to additions of 50,000 ft2 or more.

Background: 2016 CALGreen (Section 5.303.1 Meters) requires separate submeters for new nonresidential buildings or additions larger than 50,000 ft2 as follows:
• for each individual leased, rented, or other tenant space within building projected to consume more than 100 gallons per day;
• where separate submeters for individual building tenants are unfeasible, for water supplied for a) makeup water for cooling towers where flow is greater than 500 gallons per minute, b) for makeup water for evaporative coolers greater than six gallons per minute, and c) for steam and hot-water boilers with energy input greater than 500,000 Btu/h.

While the scope of this measure encompasses 2016 CALGreen requirements, this measure applies in more cases than the 2016 CALGreen code. The measure applies to multifamily buildings (not only nonresidential buildings).

Also, this measure applies to parcels containing multiple buildings, when each building is projected to use more than 100 gallons per day, thus, covering non-leased buildings using more than 100 gallons per day. Furthermore, this measure covers cooling towers, evaporative coolers and steam and hot-water boilers as long as a new multifamily or nonresidential building meets the size threshold. In contrast, 2016 CALGreen applies to cooling towers, evaporative coolers and steam and hot-water boilers not only when a nonresidential building meets the size threshold, but also when separate submeters for individual building tenants are unfeasible.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 15 October 2019
California Water Code (Section 531.1) requires metering water for each residential dwelling in all new multifamily construction as of January 1, 2018 (California Water Code 2019). For multifamily buildings, the Water Code’s provision is stricter than the measure since Water Code does not exempt multifamily buildings below a certain building size threshold or units below a certain water use.

This measure results in direct water savings and associated indirect (embedded) energy savings when a building owner takes additional steps to improve the efficiency of sub-metered equipment.

3.12 Measure 12 – Cooling Towers
Scope: New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential Description: Newly installed cooling towers shall include devices to capture and reuse the blowdown water discharged from the cooling tower.

Background: Cooling towers are regulated under Title 24, Part 6, however, blowdown treatment and reuse are not regulated by Title 24, Part 6. Water efficiency of cooling towers is addressed by Title 24, Part 6 through requirements to install conductivity controllers and automated chemical feed systems, which intend to maximize cycles of concentration for cooling towers.

This measure results in additional water savings and associated embedded energy savings beyond Title 24, Part 6 requirements by reusing blow down water.

3.13 Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities Scope: New Construction; Nonresidential
Description: Install toilets and urinals with manual flush rather than sensor or automatic flush valves.

Background: Toilets must meet Title 20 efficiency standards; however, Title 20 dos not specify automatic versus manual operation.

Manually operated toilets have the potential to save water and associated embedded energy due to avoiding the “phantom flush” phenomenon, or activation of the flush valve when not required, that can occur with sensor operated toilets.

3.14 Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities Scope: New Construction; Nonresidential
Description: Install faucets with manual rather than sensor operation. This measure does not apply to hospitals and airports.

Background: Faucets must meet Title 20 efficiency standards; however, Title 20 does not specify automatic versus manual operation.

Manually operated faucets have the potential to save water and associated embedded energy, as well as direct energy from reduced hot water consumption, because of avoiding accidental activation that may be associated with sensor-controlled faucets and from the faucet not being turned on at the maximum flow rate (sensorcontrolled faucets operate at full capacity).

3.15 Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency
Scope: New and Replacement Equipment; Nonresidential
Description: Install new and replacement commercial dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and food waste pulping systems that meet or exceed water efficiency standards under 2016 CALGreen (Title 24, Part 11, Section A6.303.3).

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 16 October 2019
Background: 2016 CALGreen contains voluntary measures for increased efficiency. Several measures included in 2016 CALGreen, Section A6.303.3 are for federally-regulated products (commercial pre-rinse spray valves and ice makers). As local jurisdictions are federally preempted from adopting more stringent standards for products with federal efficiency regulations, this measure can only apply to the installation of high efficiency products that are not preempted, i.e., commercial dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and pulpers.

3.16 Measure 16 – Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings Scope: Residential and Nonresidential
Description: Stores, outlets, and other retail establishments shall offer for sale plumbing fixtures and fittings compliant with Title 20.

Background: Fixtures and fittings sold or offered for sale must already meet Title 20 efficiency standards. This measure does not result in any additional energy or water savings, rather, its redundancy serves to reiterate Title 20 requirements.

3.17 Measure 17 – Installing Compliant Fixtures and Fittings Scope: Residential and Nonresidential
Description: Plumbers, contractors, and other service providers shall install plumbing fixtures and fittings compliant with Title 20.

Background: Fixtures and fittings installed by plumbers, contractors, or other service providers must already meet Title 20 efficiency standards. This measure does not result in any additional energy or water savings, rather, its redundancy serves to reiterate Title 20 requirements.

3.18 Cost Assumptions
Table 7 lists the incremental costs assumed for each measure. Consistent with the Energy Commission’s methodology to calculate impacts of proposed changes to Title 24, Part 6, design costs are not included in the incremental first cost.

Table 7: Cost Assumptions by Measure
Measure
Incremental First Cost – Per Building
Single Sources and Notes
Family Multifamily Nonresidential
Measure 1A -
Water Waste
Reduction when
Delivering Hot
Water, Compact
Hot Water
Distribution
Systems $113 n/a n/a
• ($11.42) – 16.8’ reduction in ¾” PEX tubing.
• ($30.78) – 34.2’ reduction of 1” steel pipe.
• $30.78 – 34.2’ increase of 1.25” steel pipe.
• $24.66 – 13.7’ increase of 3” diameter, 1/16” thick wall steel vent.
• Pricing for materials is sourced from online stores. Pipe and vent length changes are sourced from the 2019
CHWDS CASE Report (Statewide CASE Team 2017a).
• $0 – labor (considered a wash between reduced time to install plumbing pipes and increased time to install
water heater venting materials).
• $100 – HERS verification (source: local HERS rater).

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 17 October 2019
Measure 1B -
Water Waste
Reduction when
Delivering Hot
Water, Demand
Recirculation
with DWHR $1,792 n/a n/a
Recirculation system (total of $1,065.14):
• $500 – pump with on demand controls.
• $50 – check valve and fittings.
• $240 – labor for recirculation system installation
(assuming 3 hours of additional work to put in
dedicated return line @$80/hr).
• $12.60 – 42’ of ¾” PEX tubing for recirculation loop at $0.30/ft (internet pricing).
• $162.54 – pipe insulation (including labor) for 42’ of pipe length
(https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/docum
ents/52054).
• $100 – HERS Verification (source: local HERS rater).

Assumed HERS Verification will cover both insulation
and DWHR.
3” DWHR (total of $727.01):
• $377.04 – DWHR unit price.
• $52.03 – (60’) of ¾” PEX.
• $5.43 – (8) PEX couplings.
• $3.26 – ABS couplings.
• $102.15 – labor.
• $111.35 – plumbing overhead and profit.
• $35.02 – sales tax @ 8% of materials.
• $40.73 – location adjustment factor markup (Statewide CASE Team 2017b, converted to $2018).

Measure 2 -
GraywaterReady Dwellings $1,964 n/a n/a
• $1,633 – average cost of installed system (EcoAssistant 2017; NAP 2016).
• $100 - average cost of additional circuit breaker from Fixr (https://www.fixr.com/costs/electrician).
• $156 – average cost of hose bib (internet pricing).
• $75 – estimated permit price; based on cost in Davis, CA.

Measure 3 -
Recycled Water
for Common
Landscaping $1,079 n/a n/a
• $201.27 – cost of additional piping required to connect from the property line to recycled water source,
including: $172 for 200’ of NSF certified polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) reclaimed water pipe at $0.86/ft, (10)
PVC couplings for total of $3.90, $5.75 per half pint of solvent cement, $19.62 per pint of primer (internet
pricing).
• $350 – backflow prevention assembly.
• $137.50 – backflow prevention assembly average
installation cost
(https://home.costhelper.com/backflowpreventers.html). • $90 – permit cost (best available estimate,
https://www.tucsonaz.gov/water/consider-reclaimed).
• $100 – separate water meter for reclaimed water.
• $0 – meter connection fee, typically not assessed for dedicated irrigation meters serving small common area
landscaping when managed by a homeowner’s
association.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 18 October 2019
• $200 – labor to trench and install 200 feet of added pipe (https://www.fixr.com/costs/sprinkler-system).
• Costs do not include signage denoting that recycled
water is in use.

Measure 4 -
Pool and Spa
Covers $243 n/a n/a
• $95.66 – average cost of solar blanket pool cover.
• $147.62 – average cost of manual reel.
• Pricing for materials is sourced from online stores.
• $0 – average installation cost (typically completed by owner, per pool industry contact).

Measure 5 -
Exterior Hose
Bib Locks n/a $112 $56
• Used average lock cost (internet pricing). Typical prices range from $7 to $37 per lock.
• Assumed 4 publicly accessible units for multifamily
buildings and 2 for nonresidential buildings.

Measure 6 -
Alternate Water
Sources n/a $38,594 $233,208
Multifamily:
• $26,796 – average cost of alternate water source
system (used median cost of $3.85/ft2; assumed 6,960-
square foot multifamily prototype).
• $11,798 – cost of drainage system ($50/ft of building perimeter, assuming perimeter of 235.96 ft)
• Annual maintenance cost was not included due to lack
of readily available data.

Nonresidential:
• $206,468 – average cost of alternate water source
system (used median cost of rainwater harvesting
system plus graywater system of $3.85/ft2 for a
commercial building (SFPUC 2018), assumed a
nonresidential building prototype of 53,628 ft2).
• $26,740 – cost of drainage system ($50/ft of building perimeter, assuming perimeter of 534.8 ft).
• Calculations also account for a maintenance cost of 2.36 percent based on the average annual cost from
available nonresidential case studies. This cost is applied over the life of the system and not included in initial installation cost (SFPUC 2018).

Measure 7 -
Landscape
Irrigation Water
Meters and Flow
Sensors $479 $479 $3,259
Residential (Single Family and Multifamily):
• $122.74 – residential water meter (internet pricing). • $176.66 – flow sensor (internet pricing).
• $90 – installation cost for a water meter, assuming 1.5 hours of work at $60/hour for a plumber (U.S. HUD
2002).
• $90 – installation cost for a flow sensor, assuming 1.5 hours of work at $60/hour for a plumber (U.S. HUD
2002).
• Assumed installation of one water meter (assumed to
be managed by a water provider for billing purposes)
and one flow sensor (for owner’s use to monitor leaks
and overirrigation issues) per single family building or multifamily complex.
• $200 – annual meter service fee is not reflected in the first incremental cost but is included in benefit-cost
calculations.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 19 October 2019
Nonresidential:
• $1,667.21 – commercial grade water meter (internet
pricing).
• $516 – commercial grade flow sensor (internet pricing). • $2,307.08 – hydrometer (internet pricing).
• Assumed 50 percent of installations use a flow sensor and 50 percent use a hydrometer
• $90 – installation cost for a water meter, assuming 1.5 hours of work at $60/hour for a plumber (U.S. HUD
2002).
• $90 – installation cost for a flow sensor, assuming 1.5 hours of work at $60/hour for a plumber (U.S. HUD
2002).
• Assumed installation of one water meter (assumed to
be managed by a water provider for billing purposes) as well as one flow sensor or one hydrometer (for owner’s
use to monitor leaks and overirrigation issues) per
nonresidential building.
• $200 – annual meter fee; the fee is not reflected in the first incremental cost but is included in benefit-cost
calculations.

Measure 8 -
Irrigation
Controllers $141 $141 $1,265
Residential (Multifamily):
• $136.81 - price difference between a residential
weather-based controller and a basic irrigation
controller ($100), plus a separate rain sensor ($36.81) (Statewide CASE Team 2017c). Assumed 18 percent of
weather-based controllers are purchased at this price
since 18 percent of weather-based controllers do not
have rain sensors (Aquacraft 2009).
• $106.02 – price difference between a residential
weather-based controller with integrated rain sensor
and a basic irrigation controller (Statewide CASE Team
2017c). Assumed 82 percent of weather-based
controllers are purchased at this price.
• $70.90 – price difference between a residential soil
moisture-based controller and a basic irrigation
controller (Statewide CASE Team 2017c).
• $50 – incremental installation cost to program more
advanced features of a weather-based or soil moisturebased controller (Statewide CASE Team 2017c). • Assumed 50 percent of applications use weather-based
and 50 percent use soil-moisture based controllers.

Nonresidential:
• $604.35 - price difference between a commercial
weather-based controller and a basic commercial
irrigation controller ($567.54), plus a separate rain
sensor ($36.81) (internet pricing). Assumed 18 percent
of weather-based controllers are purchased at this
price.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 20 October 2019
• $859.98 – price difference between a commercial
weather-based controller with integrated rain sensor
and a basic commercial irrigation controller (internet
pricing). Assumed 82 percent of weather-based
controllers are purchased at this price.
• $1,615.29– price difference between a commercial soil moisture-based controller and a basic irrigation
controller (internet pricing).
• $50 – incremental installation cost to program more
advanced features of a weather-based or soil moisturebased controller (Statewide CASE Team 2017c). • Assumed 50 percent of applications use weather-based
and 50 percent use soil moisture-based controllers.

Measure 9 -
Maximum
Precipitation
Rate for
Irrigation
Nozzles $38 $38 $130.24
• $38.48 - incremental cost for 26 irrigation nozzles for residential application (internet pricing).
• $130.24 – incremental cost for 88 irrigation nozzles for nonresidential application (internet pricing).
• Base case cost was assumed to be $2 per nozzle; a
measure case cost - $3.48 per nozzle (internet pricing).

Measure 10 -
Irrigation Audits $1,763 $1,763 $5,288
• $117.5 – average hourly rate for irrigation audit from personal communication with California Landscape
Contractors Association.
• Assumed 15 hours for residential and 45 hours for
nonresidential, based on estimate of time to complete
for average landscape size, report development, and
follow-up.

Measure 11 -
Indoor Water
Meters n/a
Not
considered
in the
analysis $2,925
• $900 – meter cost and $562.50 – installation cost,
converted to $2018 (Sher 2016).
• Assumed two additional water meters needed beyond
2016 CALGreen code (one for a cooling tower and
another one for a boiler).

Measure 12 -
Cooling Towers n/a
Not
considered
in the
analysis
$19,101 -
$42,842
• Capital costs: $690 ($500 - 500 feet piping, $50 – pipe fittings, $50 – pipe cement, $50 – check valve, $40 – 3- way valve) (internet pricing).
• Treatment system capital cost (reverse osmosis): this cost ranges from $18,411 to $42,152 depending on the
climate zone because blowdown discharge varies by
climate zone and this cost is based on $/gallon/day
(http://www.conservationmechsys.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/11/TDS-reclaimed-water.pdf). • $500 - membrane replacement every 3 years; the
replacement is not reflected in the first incremental cost but is included in benefit-cost calculations.

Measure 13 -
Manually
Operated Toilets
in Commercial
Facilities n/a n/a $0
Conservative approach; manually-operated toilets are
typically less expensive than sensor-operated toilets.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 21 October 2019
Measure 14 -
Manually
Operated
Faucets in
Commercial
Facilities n/a n/a $0
Conservative approach; manually-operated faucets are
typically less expensive than sensor-operated faucets.

Measure 15 -
Commercial
Kitchen Water
Efficiency n/a n/a $1,819
• $377 – dishwashers, $653 – food steamers, $789 –
combination ovens (Statewide CASE Team 2015).
• The cost of a pulping system is not included in the
analysis. Assumed that a pulping system is not installed in a typical commercial kitchen.

Measure 16 -
Selling
Compliant
Fixtures and
Fittings n/a n/a n/a
There is no incremental cost for selling compliant fixtures and fittings. Retail stores are already required to sell Title 20 compliant fixtures and fittings.

Measure 17 -
Installing
Compliant
Fixtures and
Fittings n/a n/a n/a
There is no incremental cost for installing compliant fixtures and fittings. Contractors are already required to install Title 20 compliant fixtures and fittings.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 22 October 2019
4 Results
Cost-effectiveness results are shown for each climate zone in tabular form along with energy and GHG reductions for each measure. Measures that are not cost-effective are shaded. Results represent the weighted average energy, water, and cost impacts for each of California’s 16 climate zones. Costs and savings are presented on a per-building basis.

4.1 Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water Option A – Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems
As presented in Table 8, compact hot water distribution systems were found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. This analysis uses the electricity, gas, and water annual savings estimates from the 2019 Compact Hot Water Distribution CASE Report, which assumes that most homes will achieve the Compact Hot Water Distribution System Expanded Credit by re-locating the water heater. Costs and savings are presented on a perbuilding basis.

Table 8: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water, Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems (New Construction, Single Family)
CZ1 0 5 962 5 63 $113 $15 7.7 2.5
CZ2 0 5 962 5 57 $113 $14 8.1 2.4
CZ3 0 5 962 5 57 $113 $14 8.1 2.4
CZ4 0 5 962 5 54 $113 $14 8.3 2.4
CZ5 0 5 962 5 58 $113 $14 8.1 2.4
CZ6 0 4 962 5 52 $113 $12 9.7 2.0
CZ7 0 4 962 5 51 $113 $13 8.7 2.3
CZ8 0 4 962 5 48 $113 $11 9.9 2.0
CZ9 0 4 962 5 48 $113 $11 9.9 2.0
CZ10 0 4 962 5 48 $113 $11 9.9 2.0
CZ11 0 4 962 5 50 $113 $13 8.6 2.3
CZ12 0 5 962 5 53 $113 $13 8.4 2.3
CZ13 0 4 962 5 48 $113 $13 8.7 2.3
CZ14 0 4 962 5 52 $113 $12 9.8 2.0
CZ15 0 3 962 5 35 $113 $10 10.9 1.8
CZ16 0 5 962 5 63 $113 $15 7.7 2.5
Option B – Demand Recirculation with DWHR
As indicated in Table 9, demand recirculation with manual control paired with DWHR was found to be costeffective in all climate zones. Costs and savings are presented on a per-building basis.

Hot water recirculation systems reduce the amount of water discharged from the plumbing branch prior to the arrival of hot water and result in direct water savings and accompanying indirect (embedded) energy savings. As a standalone design, recirculation systems save water; however, the amount of energy used to operate a hot water recirculation system may exceed the amount of direct energy saved from reduced hot water use and

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 23 October 2019
therefore results in an increase in energy consumption. This option is therefore paired with DWHR system to offset the increased energy consumption. DWHR system saves energy by capturing the waste heat in the drain line during shower events and using that reclaimed heat to pre-heat cold water to be delivered to the shower or the water heater.

When pursuing the performance approach to comply with Title 24, Part 6, both manual and sensor controls are allowed for demand recirculation systems. To evaluate the energy impact of demand recirculation systems and determine whether pairing with DWHR results in energy savings, the analysis team modeled recirculation systems using both Demand Control Manual (manual control) with HERS verification and Demand Control Occupancy (sensor control) with HERS verification and found that sensor control systems use more energy in all 16 climate zones than manual control systems. As a result, only manual control systems when combined with DWHR results in compliance for all 16 climate zones. Therefore, this measure requires manual control recirculation system combined with DWHR. The results for sensor control recirculation system combined with DWHR are not presented in this report.

Table 9: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Demand Recirculation with DWHR Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water, Demand Recirculation with DWHR (New Construction; Single Family) CZ1 -23 18 15,185 74 211 $1,792 $140 12.8 1.5
CZ2 -23 18 15,185 74 211 $1,792 $137 13.1 1.5
CZ3 -23 16 15,185 74 176 $1,792 $137 13.1 1.5
CZ4 -23 16 15,185 74 189 $1,792 $135 13.2 1.5
CZ5 -23 15 15,185 74 166 $1,792 $138 13.0 1.5
CZ6 -23 16 15,185 74 189 $1,792 $130 13.8 1.4
CZ7 -23 14 15,185 74 154 $1,792 $132 13.6 1.4
CZ8 -23 14 15,185 74 144 $1,792 $129 13.9 1.4
CZ9 -23 13 15,185 74 132 $1,792 $129 13.9 1.4
CZ10 -23 13 15,185 74 144 $1,792 $129 13.9 1.4
CZ11 -23 13 15,185 74 132 $1,792 $134 13.4 1.5
CZ12 -23 13 15,185 74 154 $1,792 $135 13.3 1.5
CZ13 -23 14 15,185 74 154 $1,792 $133 13.5 1.5
CZ14 -23 13 15,185 74 144 $1,792 $130 13.8 1.4
CZ15 -23 14 15,185 74 154 $1,792 $125 14.3 1.4
CZ16 -23 8 15,185 74 88 $1,792 $139 12.9 1.5
As summarized in Table 10, pairing DWHR with manual controlled demand recirculation systems sufficiently offsets both the additional gas use from the water heater and the additional electricity use from the recirculation pump, resulting in overall energy savings in all climate zones. Additional gas use is related to water heat loss from pipes when water is circulating for a short period of time before being used at the fixture. The additional gas use from a recirculation system is minimal.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 24 October 2019
Table 10: Energy Consumption – Demand Recirculation with DWHR Climate
Zone
Standard
Design
Gas
(therms)
Standard
Design
Net
Electricity
(kWh)
Proposed
Design Gas
(therms)
Proposed
Design
Net
Electricity
(kWh)
Additional Water
Heating Energy,
Including Pumps
(kTDV)
Total Net Energy
Savings
(kTDV)
CZ1 581 0 562 23 -2,974 2,998
CZ2 421 0 405 23 -2,493 2,518
CZ3 348 0 332 23 -2,493 2,518
CZ4 347 0 332 23 -2,290 2,323
CZ5 331 0 314 23 -2,615 2,649
CZ6 249 0 235 23 -2,129 2,153
CZ7 196 0 182 23 -2,003 2,037
CZ8 206 0 193 23 -1,979 2,003
CZ9 229 0 216 23 -2,003 2,037
CZ10 239 0 226 23 -1,979 2,013
CZ11 378 0 365 23 -2,028 2,052
CZ12 390 0 376 23 -2,183 2,207
CZ13 352 0 339 23 -1,955 1,989
CZ14 371 0 357 23 -2,110 2,134
CZ15 149 0 140 23 -1,121 1,154
CZ16 605 0 588 23 -2,950 2,984

4.2 Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings
As shown in Table 11, graywater collection and distribution systems were not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone. The measure requires homes to be built graywater-ready so that they can be prepared to use appropriately treated graywater in the future. The cost of constructing buildings graywater-ready during new construction is much lower than retrofitting a building later to accommodate graywater reuse. A significant component of a graywater-ready unit, dual plumbing, would essentially require installation of another plumbing system throughout the building, which is significantly more expensive and more challenging in a retrofit scenario. Thus, this measure enables newly constructed buildings to add a graywater system in the future with minimal cost and effort.

This measure does not require the graywater system to be connected to landscape irrigation system; having graywater-ready home will not result in savings unless homeowners voluntarily connect and use the graywater plumbing. To provide a conservative estimate of the achievable water savings, the project team calculated water savings per home assuming only graywater from the laundry washing machines is used for landscape irrigation.

If other fixtures are also connected to the graywater system, the savings will be larger. Since the amount of graywater provided by a laundry-to-landscape system does not entirely offset the landscape irrigation needs in any climate zone, savings are the same in each climate zone. Costs and savings are presented on a per-building basis.

Table 11 presents results using the full costs to make a dwelling graywater-ready.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 25 October 2019
Table 11: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Graywater-Ready Dwellings Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Graywater-Ready Dwellings (New Construction; Single Family) CZ1-CZ16 0 0 8,563 31 0 $1,964 $68 28.7 0.68
Table 12 presents results using the costs to install a laundry-to-landscape system only, without a permit. This alternative is cost-effective in all climate zones.

Table 12: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Laundry-to-Landscape Systems Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Laundry-to-Landscape Systems (New Construction; Single Family) CZ1-CZ16 0 0 8,563 31 0 $1,200 $68 17.6 1.1

4.3 Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping
As shown in Table 13, using recycled water in single family common landscaping was not found to be costeffective in any climate zone. While this measure results in significant potable water savings from offsetting consumption of non-recycled water with recycled water, from the customer’s perspective it is assumed that the amount of water consumption does not change based on whether the water is potable or recycled. To this regard, the on-bill savings only include the difference in cost between potable and recycled water rates, consequently, the water cost savings used in the analysis come only from this price difference. Costs and savings are presented on a per-building basis.

Table 13: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping
Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Potable
Water
Offset
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Recycled Water for Common Landscaping (New Construction; Single Family) CZ1 0 0 0 26,515 0 0 $1,078 -$57 N/A 0.13
CZ2 0 0 0 47,429 0 0 $1,078 -$43 N/A 0.24
CZ3 0 0 0 48,620 0 0 $1,078 -$43 N/A 0.24
CZ4 0 0 0 56,549 0 0 $1,078 -$38 N/A 0.28
CZ5 0 0 0 59,922 0 0 $1,078 -$35 N/A 0.30
CZ6 0 0 0 52,870 0 0 $1,078 -$40 N/A 0.26
CZ7 0 0 0 61,132 0 0 $1,078 -$35 N/A 0.31
CZ8 0 0 0 61,452 0 0 $1,078 -$34 N/A 0.31
CZ9 0 0 0 57,010 0 0 $1,078 -$37 N/A 0.28
CZ10 0 0 0 75,820 0 0 $1,078 -$25 N/A 0.38

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 26 October 2019
Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Potable
Water
Offset
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
CZ11 0 0 0 61,299 0 0 $1,078 -$35 N/A 0.31
CZ12 0 0 0 65,735 0 0 $1,078 -$32 N/A 0.33
CZ13 0 0 0 66,906 0 0 $1,078 -$31 N/A 0.33
CZ14 0 0 0 92,250 0 0 $1,078 -$15 N/A 0.46
CZ15 0 0 0 100,971 0 0 $1,078 -$9 N/A 0.50
CZ16 0 0 0 41,322 0 0 $1,078 -$47 N/A 0.21

4.4 Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers
As shown in Table 14, requiring pool and spa covers on non-heated pools is cost-effective in all climate zones.

The costs modeled as part of this analysis include the average cost of the least expensive available pool cover, a solar bubble cover, and a manual reel. Cost of installing other types of manual or automated covers would be significantly higher but are not required.

This analysis also does not account for additional potential savings from reduced chemical usage, nor does it attempt to quantify other benefits offered by pool covers such as reduced cleaning, potential reduced maintenance costs, and safety benefits. Costs and savings are presented on a per-building basis.

Table 14: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Pool and Spa Covers Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Pool and Spa Covers (New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Single Family) CZ1 0 0 6,276 22 0 $243 $50 4.9 1.9
CZ2 0 0 11,094 40 0 $243 $89 2.7 3.3
CZ3 0 0 12,357 44 0 $243 $99 2.5 3.7
CZ4 0 0 17,032 61 0 $243 $136 1.8 5.1
CZ5 0 0 13,926 50 0 $243 $111 2.2 4.2
CZ6 0 0 7,339 26 0 $243 $59 4.2 2.2
CZ7 0 0 12,649 45 0 $243 $101 2.4 3.8
CZ8 0 0 8,403 30 0 $243 $67 3.6 2.5
CZ9 0 0 8,781 31 0 $243 $70 3.5 2.6
CZ10 0 0 14,272 51 0 $243 $114 2.1 4.3
CZ11 0 0 12,663 45 0 $243 $101 2.4 3.8
CZ12 0 0 13,860 49 0 $243 $111 2.2 4.1
CZ13 0 0 19,226 69 0 $243 $154 1.6 5.7
CZ14 0 0 20,374 73 0 $243 $163 1.5 6.1
CZ15 0 0 16,911 60 0 $243 $135 1.8 5.0
CZ16 0 0 12,178 43 0 $243 $97 2.5 3.6

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 27 October 2019

4.5 Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks
Due to lack of data, there is no strong defensible way to estimate per-building savings. The conservative approach is to assume zero water savings for most buildings. However, given the low measure cost, the annual per-building water savings required for the measure to be cost-effective are only approximately 1,650 gallons for multifamily buildings and 1,075 gallons for nonresidential buildings. For a 25-foot hose, 1,650 gallons can be roughly equivalent to 33 minutes of usage per year, or approximately one minute of usage every 11 days.5 It is difficult to approximate the frequency of water theft from publicly-available faucets to support calculations of average per-building savings value. However, anecdotal instances of water theft suggest that, when it occurs, 1,650 gallons of savings are achievable.

Table 15: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Exterior Hose Bib Locks Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Exterior Hose Bib Locks (New Construction; Multifamily) CZ1 - CZ16 0 0 0 0 0 $112 $0 N/A 0
Exterior Hose Bib Locks (New Construction; Nonresidential) CZ1 - CZ16 0 0 0 0 0 $56 $0 N/A 0

4.6 Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources
For multifamily application, as shown in Table 16, requiring installation of onsite treated non-potable system is cost-effective in climate zones 14 and 15. While results are not included in this report, cost-effectiveness was calculated for the alternative scenario of a multifamily building only installing dual plumbing and connecting to a recycled water line located 200 feet from the property line. This alternative approach was found to be costeffective in climate zones 2 through 15.

For nonresidential application, as shown in Table 17, requiring installation of rainwater, graywater, and foundation drainage collection, treatment, and reuse systems in nonresidential buildings is not cost-effective in any climate zone. While results are not included in this report, cost-effectiveness was calculated for the alternative scenario of a nonresidential building only installing dual plumbing and connecting to a recycled water line located 200 feet from the property line. This alternative scenario was also not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone.

In the case of using recycled water, this measure results in significant potable water savings from offsetting potable water consumption with recycled water, however, from the customer’s perspective it is assumed that the amount of water consumption does not change based on whether the water is potable or recycled. In the case of using recycled water, on-bill savings include the savings due to the difference in cost associated with using potable and recycled water rates when recycled water offsets potable use. 5 Using a Washington State University garden hose flow tool, this statement assumes a 5/8 inch hose size (https://www.lowes.com/projects/gardening-and-outdoor/garden-hose-buying-guide/project) and water pressure of 50 psi (https://www.plumbingsupply.com/residential-water-pressure-explained.html).

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 28 October 2019
In the case of onsite non-potable water reuse, on-bill savings include the savings associated with rainfall, graywater, and foundation drainage offsetting the need to purchase potable water. Costs and savings are presented on a per-building basis.

Rainwater collection occurs when irrigation demand is lowest and rainwater cannot be stored for long periods of time to last through dry seasons. This mismatch of supply and demand is particularly an issue in climate zones with extended rainy periods and overall lower irrigation demand. This analysis uses a daily rainwater model to track the available stored supply relative to the size of the water tank. However, as this can vary significantly across climate zones, water budgets for each individual project will have to be precisely predicted to fully utilize the combination of the rainwater collection system, the graywater collection system, and the foundation drainage system without having to add in additional systems or oversized storage capacity.

Water demands could potentially be met by requiring additional collection and treatment systems such as stormwater retention and blackwater treatment and reuse, but these additional system components would increase project costs. Buildings with little or no irrigation demand will be more readily able to match water supply from onsite reuse with building water demand.

Finally, while onsite non-potable water reuse systems can help reduce costs related to delivery and treatment of water, results are presented from the customer perspective and, therefore, upstream and downstream savings are not calculated.

Table 16: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Multifamily Alternate Water Sources Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Alternate Water Sources, including rainwater, graywater, and foundation drainage (New Construction; Multifamily) CZ1 0 0 67,915 242 0 $38,594 $586 65.9 0.57
CZ2 0 0 88,829 317 0 $38,594 $766 50.4 0.75
CZ3 0 0 90,020 321 0 $38,594 $777 49.7 0.76
CZ4 0 0 97,949 349 0 $38,594 $845 45.7 0.83
CZ5 0 0 101,322 361 0 $38,594 $874 44.1 0.85
CZ6 0 0 94,270 336 0 $38,594 $813 47.4 0.80
CZ7 0 0 102,532 366 0 $38,594 $885 43.6 0.87
CZ8 0 0 102,851 367 0 $38,594 $887 43.5 0.87
CZ9 0 0 98,410 351 0 $38,594 $849 45.5 0.83
CZ10 0 0 116,987 417 0 $38,594 $1,009 38.2 0.99
CZ11 0 0 100,581 359 0 $38,594 $868 44.5 0.85
CZ12 0 0 104,017 371 0 $38,594 $897 43.0 0.88
CZ13 0 0 105,286 375 0 $38,594 $908 32.5 0.89
CZ14 0 0 123,714 441 0 $38,594 $1,067 36.2 1.04
CZ15 0 0 129,813 463 0 $38,594 $1,120 34.5 1.10
CZ16 0 0 82,589 294 0 $38,594 $713 54.2 0.70

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 29 October 2019
Table 17: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Nonresidential Alternate Water Sources Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Alternate Water Sources, including rainwater, graywater, and foundation drainage (New Construction; Nonresidential) CZ1 0 0 71,268 254 0 $233,208 -$4,076 N/A 0.12
CZ2 0 0 72,984 260 0 $233,208 -$4,042 N/A 0.13
CZ3 0 0 74,352 265 0 $233,208 -$4,015 N/A 0.13
CZ4 0 0 79,446 283 0 $233,208 -$3,913 N/A 0.14
CZ5 0 0 90,153 321 0 $233,208 -$3,698 N/A 0.16
CZ6 0 0 88,873 317 0 $233,208 -$3,724 N/A 0.15
CZ7 0 0 91,273 325 0 $233,208 -$3,676 N/A 0.16
CZ8 0 0 92,469 330 0 $233,208 -$3,652 N/A 0.16
CZ9 0 0 87,569 312 0 $233,208 -$3,750 N/A 0.15
CZ10 0 0 91,128 325 0 $233,208 -$3,679 N/A 0.16
CZ11 0 0 79,008 282 0 $233,208 -$3,921 N/A 0.14
CZ12 0 0 79,694 284 0 $233,208 -$3,908 N/A 0.14
CZ13 0 0 81,672 291 0 $233,208 -$3,868 N/A 0.14
CZ14 0 0 85,839 306 0 $233,208 -$3,785 N/A 0.15
CZ15 0 0 81,221 290 0 $233,208 -$3,877 N/A 0.14
CZ16 0 0 76,537 273 0 $233,208 -$3,971 N/A 0.13

4.7 Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors Requiring landscape irrigation meters and flow sensors was not found to be cost-effective for multifamily applications in any climate zone. The measure was found to be cost-effective for nonresidential applications in only climate zone 15.

Table 18: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building with Landscape – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors
Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors (New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential) CZ1 0 0 3,977 14 0 $479 -$168 N/A 0.13
CZ2 0 0 7,114 25 0 $479 -$143 N/A 0.24
CZ3 0 0 7,293 26 0 $479 -$142 N/A 0.24
CZ4 0 0 8,482 30 0 $479 -$132 N/A 0.28
CZ5 0 0 8,988 32 0 $479 -$128 N/A 0.30
CZ6 0 0 7,931 28 0 $479 -$137 N/A 0.27
CZ7 0 0 9,170 33 0 $479 -$127 N/A 0.31
CZ8 0 0 9,218 33 0 $479 -$126 N/A 0.31
CZ9 0 0 8,551 31 0 $479 -$132 N/A 0.29

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 30 October 2019
Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
CZ10 0 0 11,373 41 0 $479 -$109 N/A 0.38
CZ11 0 0 9,195 33 0 $479 -$127 N/A 0.31
CZ12 0 0 9,860 35 0 $479 -$121 N/A 0.33
CZ13 0 0 10,036 36 0 $479 -$120 N/A 0.34
CZ14 0 0 13,838 49 0 $479 -$90 N/A 0.46
CZ15 0 0 15,146 54 0 $479 -$79 N/A 0.51
CZ16 0 0 6,198 22 0 $479 -$151 N/A 0.21
Landscape Irrigation Meters and Flow Sensors (New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Nonresidential) CZ1 0 0 13,256 47 0 $3,259 -$67 N/A 0.28
CZ2 0 0 23,713 85 0 $3,259 $37 87.0 0.50
CZ3 0 0 24,308 87 0 $3,259 $43 75.1 0.51
CZ4 0 0 28,272 101 0 $3,259 $83 39.2 0.60
CZ5 0 0 29,958 107 0 $3,259 $100 32.6 0.63
CZ6 0 0 26,433 94 0 $3,259 $65 50.4 0.56
CZ7 0 0 30,564 109 0 $3,259 $106 30.7 0.65
CZ8 0 0 30,723 110 0 $3,259 $108 30.3 0.65
CZ9 0 0 28,503 102 0 $3,259 $85 38.1 0.60
CZ10 0 0 37,907 135 0 $3,259 $180 18.1 0.80
CZ11 0 0 30,647 109 0 $3,259 $107 30.5 0.65
CZ12 0 0 32,865 117 0 $3,259 $129 25.2 0.70
CZ13 0 0 33,451 119 0 $3,259 $135 24.1 0.71
CZ14 0 0 46,122 164 0 $3,259 $262 12.4 0.98
CZ15 0 0 50,482 180 0 $3,259 $306 10.7 1.07
CZ16 0 0 20,660 74 0 $3,259 $7 N/A 0.44

4.8 Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers
For new construction, requiring Irrigation controllers was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones for both residential and nonresidential applications. This measure results in a small increase in annual electricity consumption due to the increased energy consumption of smart irrigation controllers. As cold-water measure, this measure does not result in direct energy savings associated with heating water to offset this additional consumption.

Table 19: Cost-Effectiveness Results per Building with Landscape – Irrigation Controllers Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Landscape Irrigation Controllers (New Construction; Residential) CZ1 -18 0 7,027 25 -13 $141 $52 2.7 3.2
CZ2 -18 0 12,569 45 -13 $141 $97 1.5 6.0

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 31 October 2019
Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
CZ3 -18 0 12,884 46 -13 $141 $99 1.4 6.1
CZ4 -18 0 14,986 53 -13 $141 $116 1.2 7.2
CZ5 -18 0 15,879 57 -13 $141 $123 1.1 7.6
CZ6 -18 0 14,011 50 -13 $141 $109 1.3 6.7
CZ7 -18 0 16,200 58 -13 $141 $125 1.1 7.7
CZ8 -18 0 16,285 58 -13 $141 $127 1.1 7.8
CZ9 -18 0 15,108 59 -13 $141 $117 1.2 7.3
CZ10 -18 0 20,092 72 -13 $141 $157 0.9 9.7
CZ11 -18 0 16,244 58 -13 $141 $126 1.1 7.8
CZ12 -18 0 17,420 62 -13 $141 $135 1.0 8.4
CZ13 -18 0 17,730 63 -13 $141 $138 1.0 8.5
CZ14 -18 0 24,446 87 -13 $141 $192 0.7 11.9
CZ15 -18 0 26,757 95 -13 $141 $210 0.7 13.0
CZ16 -18 0 10,950 39 -13 $141 $84 1.7 5.2
Landscape Irrigation Controllers (New Construction; Nonresidential) CZ1 -18 0 23,420 83 -13 $1,265 $232 5.5 1.3
CZ2 -18 0 41,892 149 -13 $1,265 $417 3.0 2.3
CZ3 -18 0 42,944 153 -13 $1,265 $427 3.0 2.3
CZ4 -18 0 49,948 178 -13 $1,265 $497 2.5 2.7
CZ5 -18 0 52,927 189 -13 $1,265 $527 2.4 2.9
CZ6 -18 0 46,669 166 -13 $1,265 $466 2.7 2.6
CZ7 -18 0 53,996 192 -13 $1,265 $537 2.4 2.9
CZ8 -18 0 54,278 194 -13 $1,265 $542 2.3 3.0
CZ9 -18 0 50,355 180 -13 $1,265 $503 2.5 2.8
CZ10 -18 0 66,969 239 -13 $1,265 $669 1.9 3.7
CZ11 -18 0 54,143 193 -13 $1,265 $539 2.3 3.0
CZ12 -18 0 58,062 207 -13 $1,265 $579 2.2 3.2
CZ13 -18 0 59,096 211 -13 $1,265 $589 2.1 3.2
CZ14 -18 0 81,482 290 -13 $1,265 $815 1.6 4.5
CZ15 -18 0 89,184 318 -13 $1,265 $892 1.4 4.9
CZ16 -18 0 36,499 130 -13 $1,265 $363 3.5 2.0

4.9 Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles Conservatively, savings for this measure were assumed to be zero. Infiltration rate of soils vary from one inch per hour (upper threshold) for coarse sands to 0.1 inch per hour (lower threshold) for clay loam soils (Irrigation Association 2011). The measure sets a maximum precipitation rate for nozzles to one inch per hour. The cap on the precipitation rate of nozzles is fairly high given the range of infiltration rates by soil type, hence, it is assumed that this cap will not be effective in addressing potential water runoff and over irrigation issues.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 32 October 2019

4.10 Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits
The analysis takes a conservative approach for landscape audit cost and benefits and assumes that there are no associated savings from the audit since the audit’s intent is to ensure the other required landscape efficiency measures are properly incorporated into the irrigation design and those savings are already accounted for under their respective provisions. While additional savings from audits are possible, the audit itself does not result in savings; rather, repairs or adjustments made to the system will impact overall savings. Therefore, assuming savings from audits may improve the lifecycle B/C ratio but may or may not be cost-effective depending on the costs of the improvements.

4.11 Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters
As shown in Table 20, requiring a separate indoor water submeter for makeup water for a cooling tower and a water submeter for a boiler in large office buildings was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones.

Table 20: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Indoor Water Meters Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Indoor Water Meters (New Construction, Additions; Nonresidential) CZ1 0 0 59,814 290 0 $2,925 $599 4.9 1.5
CZ2 0 0 98,860 479 0 $2,925 $990 3.0 2.5
CZ3 0 0 137,906 669 0 $2,925 $1,381 2.1 3.4
CZ4 0 0 206,726 1,002 0 $2,925 $1,381 2.1 3.4
CZ5 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $1,381 2.1 3.4
CZ6 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,070 1.4 5.1
CZ7 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ8 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ9 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ10 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ11 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ12 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ13 0 0 275,545 1,336 0 $2,925 $2,759 1.1 6.9
CZ14 0 0 216,643 1,050 0 $2,925 $2,169 1.3 5.4
CZ15 0 0 336,454 1,631 0 $2,925 $3,369 0.9 8.4
CZ16 0 0 155,273 753 0 $2,925 $1,555 1.9 3.9

4.12 Measure 12 – Cooling Towers
As shown in Table 21, capturing cooling tower blowdown water, treating it, and reusing it in cooling towers was not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone in large office buildings. Cost and savings were only calculated for climate zones 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 because the nine climate zones analyzed contain 90 percent of large buildings that are forecasted to be built in the future.

As this measure is presented and analyzed separately from Measure 6 Alternate Water Sources, savings include only the reuse of blowdown for cooling tower makeup water and that the remaining makeup water still needs to be delivered to the system by the water provider. Cost savings could increase if a building provides sufficient treated rainwater or graywater to replace the remaining makeup water in the cooling tower.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 33 October 2019
Table 21: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Cooling Towers Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Cooling Towers (New Construction; Nonresidential)
CZ3 -88 0 54,052 262 -64 $19,101 $361 52.9 0.19
CZ4 -123 0 75,277 365 -89 $22,720 $569 40.0 0.23
CZ6 -132 0 81,169 394 -96 $22,226 $636 35.0 0.25
CZ7 -147 0 90,149 437 -106 $33,015 $704 46.9 0.19
CZ8 -168 0 103,156 500 -122 $34,676 $853 40.6 0.21
CZ9 -179 0 109,803 532 -130 $34,676 $919 37.7 0.23
CZ10 -199 0 122,339 593 -144 $37,198 $1,043 35.7 0.24
CZ12 -145 0 88,990 431 -105 $32,858 $703 46.8 0.19
CZ13 -198 0 121,519 589 -143 $42,842 $1,020 42.0 0.20

4.13 Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities As shown in Table 22, manually operated toilets are cost-effective in all climate zones due to the lack of first incremental cost and significant water savings. The analysis assumes zero incremental costs, resulting in a conservative modeling approach, as manual flush toilets typically have a negative incremental cost compared to sensor-operated toilets.

Table 22: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Manually Operated Toilets Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities (New Construction; Nonresidential) CZ1 – CZ16 0 0 24,217 117 0 $0 $243 0 -

4.14 Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities Similar to manually operated toilets, as shown in Table 23, manually operated faucets are cost-effective in all climate zones due to the lack of first incremental cost and significant water savings. The conservative approach was taken to modeling incremental cost, as manual faucets typically have a negative incremental cost compared to sensor-operated faucets. While this analysis assumes a 30 percent reduction in faucet water consumption from using manual rather than sensor-operated fixtures, it should be noted that there is debate in the plumbing industry as to whether some sensor-operated fixtures may result in either no net change or in increased savings.

Table 23: Cost Effectiveness Results – Manually Operated Faucets Climate Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual GHG
Savings
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Annual Utility
Cost Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
Benefit-Cost
Ratio

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 34 October 2019
Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities (New Construction; Nonresidential) CZ1 – CZ16 35 16 4,764 23 216 $0 $70 0 -

4.15 Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency
As shown in Table 24, the commercial kitchen water efficiency package of non-preempted measures is costeffective in all climate zones, with a B/C ratio much larger than the threshold of 1. Per-unit savings are presented by equipment type in Appendix A – Measure-Specific Assumptions and Methodologies, Table 26.

Commercial dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and food waste pulping systems contribute approximately 15 percent, 76 percent, eight, and zero percent of the total water savings, respectively.

Table 24: Cost-Effectiveness Results Per Building – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency Climate
Zone
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Gas
Savings
(therms)
Annual
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Annual
Embedded
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
GHG
Reductions
(lb. CO2-e)
First
Incremental
Cost
Net
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Lifecycle
B/C
Ratio
Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency (New and Replacement Equipment; Nonresidential) CZ1 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3
CZ2 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3
CZ3 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3
CZ4 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3
CZ5 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3
CZ6 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,241 0.8 6.6
CZ7 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,295 0.8 6.6
CZ8 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,241 0.8 6.6
CZ9 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,241 0.8 6.6
CZ10 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,241 0.8 6.6 CZ11 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3 CZ12 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3 CZ13 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3 CZ14 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,241 0.8 6.6 CZ15 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,241 0.8 6.6 CZ16 1,851 919 125,550 609 12,091 $1,819 $2,503 0.7 7.3

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 35 October 2019
5 Summary and Conclusions
This report evaluated the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of energy- and water-savings measures in all 16 California climates zones. Local jurisdictions that are considering adopting any of the presented measures, may contact the program for further support through its website, LocalEnergyCodes.com.

Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water (New Construction; Single Family) Option A – Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems: The option to meet requirements for the Compact Hot Water Distribution System Expanded Credit was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. This analysis builds upon the 2019 CASE Report on Compact Hot Water Distribution System. Calculated savings include natural gas, water, and embedded energy savings.

If a jurisdiction wishes to increase energy and water savings by requiring a threshold for the Compactness Factor (minimum level of compactness) beyond the basic criteria, a cost-effectiveness analysis of the revised threshold would be required. As the compactness of a hot water distribution system increases, so do cost savings for reduced materials and labor associated with installation.

Option B – Demand Recirculation with DWHR: The option to install manually controlled recirculation system with DWHR system was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. Hot water recirculation systems result in an overall increase in energy consumption. Consequently, the measure requires DWHR system with manual control to offset the energy penalty generated by a recirculation system. Calculated savings include electricity, natural gas, water, and embedded energy savings.

Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings (New Construction; Single Family): Building new homes to be graywater-ready was not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone (with an assumption that only laundryto-landscape component would be used). The alternative of installing and using a laundry-to-landscape system only is cost-effective in all climate zones. Calculated savings include water and embedded energy savings.

Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping (New Construction; Single Family): Using recycled water in single family common landscaping was not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone. While this measure results in significant potable water savings from offsetting consumption with recycled water, from the customer’s perspective it is assumed that the amount of water consumption does not change based on whether the water is potable or recycled. The on-bill savings only include the difference in cost between potable and recycled water rates. Calculated savings include the potable water savings offset by recycled water consumption.

Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers (New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Single Family): With the lowest cost pool cover, a solar pool cover, requiring reel system pool and spa covers on non-heated pools was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. Due to limited available data, this analysis does not account for additional savings from reduced chemical usage, nor does the analysis attempts to quantify other possible benefits offered by pool covers, such as reduced cleaning, reduced maintenance costs, and increased safety. Calculated savings include water and embedded energy savings from reduced evaporation.

Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks (New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential): Installing exterior hose bib locks on publicly accessible faucets on multifamily and nonresidential buildings was not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone, given a lack of defensible methodology for estimating any potential water savings. The annual water savings per building would need to be as low as 1,650 gallons for multifamily buildings and 1,075 gallons for nonresidential buildings to offset the installation and replacement costs. Savings were not calculated.

Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources (New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential): Requiring dual plumbing for multifamily buildings and connection to a recycled water line was found to be cost-effective in climate zones 14 and 15, though only marginally in both climate zones. While this measure results in significant

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 36 October 2019
potable water savings from offsetting consumption with recycled water, from the customer’s perspective it is assumed that the amount of water consumption does not change based on whether the water is potable or recycled. The on-bill savings include the savings associated with rainfall and foundation drainage offsetting the need to purchase water, as well as the difference in cost associated with using potable and recycled water rates for other alternate water sources. Calculated savings include the potable water savings offset by recycled water consumption. Calculated savings also include embedded energy savings.

Requiring installation of rainwater, graywater, and foundation drainage collection, treatment, and reuse systems in nonresidential buildings was not found to be cost-effective in any climate zone. Refinement of water budgets and project-specific calculations are needed to more accurately reflect potential costs and savings associated with onsite non-potable reuse. Calculated savings include water and embedded energy savings.

Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors (New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential and Nonresidential): Requiring landscape irrigation meters and flow sensors was not found to be cost-effective for multifamily applications in any climate zone. The measure was found to be cost-effective for nonresidential applications in only climate zone 15. Calculated savings include water and embedded energy.

The authors of the report recommend refining this analysis by considering an alternative scenario where a flow sensor alone (managed by a property owner) would satisfy the requirement for both a landscape irrigation meter and a flow sensor since a flow sensor can serve the same function as an irrigation meter. In this scenario, annual meter costs would not apply, thus further reducing measure costs. Both factors (excluding the cost of water meter and annual meter costs) would increase lifecycle B/C ratio for this measure.

The authors also recommend refining this analysis by considering smaller nonresidential landscapes (smaller than 2,500 ft2 for rehabilitated projects) since nonresidential landscapes in that size range would not be subject to 2015 DWR MWELO but would be subject to the proposed measure. For reference, the nonresidential landscape was assumed to be 8,826 ft2. Smaller nonresidential landscapes would produce smaller water savings, thus reducing lifecycle B/C ratio for this measure.

Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers (New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential and Nonresidential):

For new construction, requiring Irrigation controllers was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones for both residential and nonresidential applications. Calculated savings include electricity, water, and embedded energy.

The authors of the report recommend refining this analysis by considering a scenario of additions and alterations, in which full costs (not incremental costs) would apply. Further, the authors recommend evaluating a smaller landscape area, between 500 and 2,500 ft2, for both residential and nonresidential applications since landscapes in that size range would not be subject to 2015 DWR MWELO but would be subject to the proposed measure. Both factors (full costs and smaller landscapes) would reduce lifecycle B/C ratio for this measure.

Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles (New Construction; Residential and Nonresidential): Conservatively, savings were assumed to be zero for this measure.

Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits (New Construction; Residential and Nonresidential): It is assumed that there are no additional savings from the audit itself. This measure, however, is important to ensure that savings from other measures related to irrigation are fully realized.

Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters (New Construction, Additions; Multifamily and Nonresidential): Requiring a separate indoor water submeter for makeup water for a cooling tower and a water submeter for a boiler in large office buildings was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. Calculated savings include water and embedded energy.

For local jurisdictions interested in this measure, the authors of the report recommend refining this analysis to account for the additional costs of upgrades performed as a result of monitoring water use (the costs to do upgrades were not included in the measure costs, but the savings from the upgrades were included in the savings calculations). Including upgrade costs into the measure cost would reduce lifecycle B/C ratio for this

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 37 October 2019
measure. To further refine this analysis, the authors of this report recommend conducting a separate analysis for a multifamily building.

Measure 12 –Cooling Towers (New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential): Capturing cooling tower blowdown water, treating it, and reusing it in cooling towers was not found to be cost-effective in considered climate zones for large office buildings. Calculated savings include electricity, water, and embedded energy savings.

For local jurisdictions interested in this measure, the authors of this report recommend refining the analysis by considering a larger nonresidential building, specifically 498,589-square foot large office prototype used in Measure 11 (for comparison, 117,000-square foot large office prototype was used in this analysis). Also, the authors of this report recommend conducting a separate analysis for a multifamily building.

Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities (New Construction; Nonresidential):

Installing toilets and urinals with manual flush rather than sensor-based flush was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. For local jurisdictions interested in this measure, the authors of this report recommend conducting larger scale studies to validate the findings. Calculated savings include water and embedded energy savings.

Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities (New Construction; Nonresidential): Installing faucets with manual rather than sensor-based operation was found to be costeffective in all climate zones. The savings results for this measure are based on findings from one study of two bathrooms. For local jurisdictions interested in this measure, the authors of this report recommend conducting larger scale studies to validate the findings. Calculated savings include electricity, natural gas, water, and embedded energy savings.

Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency (New and Replacement Equipment; Nonresidential):

Requiring commercial kitchens to meet or exceed 2016 CALGreen voluntary water efficiency requirements for new and replacement commercial dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and food waste pulping systems was found to be cost-effective in all climate zones. Calculated savings include electricity, natural gas, water, and embedded energy savings.

Measure 16 – Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings (Residential and Nonresidential): Retailers are already required to sell fixtures and fittings compliant with Title 20. There are no additional savings from this measure.

Measure 17 – Installing Compliant Fixtures and Fittings (Residential and Nonresidential): Contractors are already required to install fixtures and fittings compliant with Title 20. There are no additional savings from this measure.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 38 October 2019
6 References
Aquacraft. 2009. “Evaluation of California Weather-Based “Smart” Irrigation Controller Programs.” Presented to the California Department of Water Resources by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and EBMUD. https://ucanr.edu/sites/UrbanHort/files/99641.pdf Aquacraft. 2011a. “Embedded Energy in Water Studies Study 3: End-use Water Demand Profiles.” Prepared for the California Public Utilities Commission. April 29, 2011. http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/2013rulemaking/documents/responses/Water_Appliances_12-AAER2C/California_IOU_Response_to_CEC_Invitation_to_ParticipateLavatory_Faucets_and_Faucet_Accessories_REFERENCES/CPUC_2011a_Embedded_Energy_in_Water_StudiesStudy_3.PDF Aquacraft. 2011b. “California Single Family Water Use Efficiency Study.” http://water.cityofdavis.org/Media/PublicWorks/Documents/PDF/PW/Water/Documents/California-SingleFamily-Home-Water-Use-Efficiency-Study-20110420.pdf AWE. 2016. “Drip and Microspray.” http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/Drip_and_MicroSpray_Irrigation_Introduction.aspx AWE. 2018. “Metering Introduction.” http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/metering.aspx Black & Veatch. 2016. “50 Largest Cities Water/Wastewater Rate Survey.” https://pages.bv.com/WhitepaperManagementConsulting-50LargestCitiesRateSurvey_01-RegistrationPage.html CCR (California Code of Regulations). 2019a. “490.1. Applicability.” https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/I24AC524D6C6B4F3F935C54010CCD4BB2?viewType=FullText&ori ginationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1 CCR. 2019b. “492.6. Landscape Design Plan.”
https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/I8403E54417874B8B94843C8A8341823B?viewType=FullText&orig inationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default) CCR. 2019c. “492.7. Irrigation Design Plan.”
https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/I8ADC2B5DF37C417C9207950C891481ED?viewType=FullText&ori ginationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default) CCR. 2019d. “Certificate of Completion.”
https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/I2162D3CD908344AFBF87FF42BC2270BC?viewType=FullText&ori ginationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default) CCR. 2019e. “ 492.12. Irrigation Audit, Irrigation Survey, and Irrigation Water Use Analysis.” https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/IECB839F91BB3442EA7440C832D4A0968?viewType=FullText&ori ginationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default) CCR. 2019f. “Appendix A: Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Table.” https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/I0F1A18FBBA574ED797FB19729AC0756A?viewType=FullText&ori ginationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1 CCR. 2019g. “Appendix D: Prescriptive Compliance Option.” https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/IF088C67ECF9946E09B6A989B1CB24A80?viewType=FullText&orig inationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default) California Department of Conservation. 2007. “Hydrologic Regions.” http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/watershedportal/InformationResources/Documents/WS_huc10_regions8 _26_10.pdf

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 39 October 2019
California Department of Finance. 2018. “E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, January 2011-2018, with 2010 Benchmark.”
http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/E-5/ California Sustainability Alliance. 2013. “Water - Energy Toolkit For Sustainable Development: A Practical Guide To Implementing Water-Energy Conservation Policies And Projects For Local Governments, Developers, Water Agencies And Supporting Parties.”
California Water Code. 2019. “Multiunit Structures [537-537.5].” Accessed October 2019. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=WAT&division=1.&title=&part=&cha pter=8.&article=5
Chestnutt, T. 2011. “Volumetric Pricing for Sanitary Sewer Service in the State of California.” http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/uploadedFiles/Resource_Center/Library/rates/Thomas-ChesnuttVolumetric-Pricing-of-Sanitary-Sewer-Service-February-2011(1).pdf Christian-Smith, Juliet, Matthew Herberger, and Lucy Allen. 2012. “Urban Water Demand in California 2100:

Incorporating Climate Change.” Pacific Institute. http://pacinst.org/publication/urban-water-demand-to-2100 County of Los Angeles. 2010. “Los Angeles County Watershed Model Configuration and Calibration – Part I:

Hydrology.” Prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc.
http://dpw.lacounty.gov/wmd/wmms/docs/Final_Phase_I_Modeling_Report_Part_I.pdf CPUC (California Public Utilities Commission). 2013. “Order Instituting Rulemaking into Policies to Promote a Partnership Framework between Energy Investor Owned Utilities and the Water Sector to Promote WaterEnergy Nexus Programs.” December 19, 2013. Rulemaking 13-12-011.

CPUC. 2015a. “Water/Energy Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Revised Final Report.” Prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc. http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=5360 CPUC. 2015b. “Water/Energy Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Errata to the Revised Final Report.” Prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc. http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=5350 Delta Cooling Tower, Inc. 2016. “How to Improve Water Efficiency on Your Cooling Tower.” February 16. https://deltacooling.com/resources/news/how-to-improve-water-efficiency-on-your-cooling-tower DOE (United States Department of Energy). 2010. “Energy Efficiency Program for Consumer Products: Waiver of Federal Preemption of State Regulations Concerning the Water Use or Water Efficiency of Showerheads, Faucets, Water Closets, and Urinals.” December 22. http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EERE2010-BT-WAV-0045-0001.

EcoAssistant. 2017. “Greywater Planning Guide.” https://www.cooldavis.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/08/Greywater-Planning-Guide-2017-p1-2.pdf Energy Commission (California Energy Commission). 2006. California Energy Commission. “Refining Estimates of Water-related Energy Use in California.” Prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc., Public Interest Energy Research Program. December 2006. Report number: CEC-500-2006-118. http://www.energy.ca.gov/2006publications/CEC-500-2006-118/CEC-500-2006-118.pdf Energy Commission. 2014. “Staff Analysis of Toilets, Urinals, and Faucets.” https://www.energy.ca.gov/2014publications/CEC-400-2014-007/CEC-400-2014-007-SD.pdf Energy Commission. 2017. California Energy Maps. “California Building Climate Zone Areas.” https://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html

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Energy Commission. 2018a. “2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings. CEC-400-2018-020-CMF.” December 2018. https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2018publications/CEC-400- 2018-020/CEC-400-2018-020-CMF.pdf
Energy Commission. 2018b. “2019 Alternative Calculation Method Approval Manual. CEC-400-2018-023-CMF.” December 2018. https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2018publications/CEC-400-2018-023/CEC-400-2018-023-CMF.pdf Energy Commission. 2019a. “Resolution Adopting Regulations, Spray Sprinkler Bodies. TN #229449” August 15, 2019. https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=229449&DocumentContentId=60843 Energy Commission. 2019b. “Cailfornia Building Climate Zone Areas.” https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html Energy & Environment Economics. 2017. “Time Dependent Valuation of Energy for Developing Building Efficiency Standards. 2019 Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) Data Sources and Inputs. Prepared for the California Energy Commission.” February 2017. https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=216062 Gauley, B. and Koeller, J. 2010. “Sensor-operated Plumbing Fixtures: Do they Save Water?” https://www.maptesting.com/assets/files/hillsborough~study.pdf Greywater Action. 2018. “How Much Rain Can I Collect from My Roof.” Accessed December 2018. https://greywateraction.org/faq/how-much-rain-can-i-collect-from-my-roof/ The Guardian. 2014. “Will switching to a water meter save money?” https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/jul/08/will-switching-to-a-water-meter-save-money HCD (Department of Housing and Community Development). 2019. “Information Bulletin 2019-02.” http://www.hcd.ca.gov/building-standards/buiding-code/docs/IB2019-02.pdf Horii, B., E. Cutter, N. Kapur, J. Arent, and D. Conotyannis. 2014. “Time Dependent Valuation of Energy for Developing Building Energy Efficiency Standards.”
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards/prerulemaking/documents/2014- 0709_workshop/2017_TDV_Documents/
Irrigation Association. 2011. “Irrigation, 6th Edition.” Page 54.

Iaqsource.com. 2019. “ASHRAE Climate Zone Map.”
https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html Laborde H.M., Franca K.B., Neff H., Lima A.M.N. 2001. “Optimization strategy for a small-scale reverse osmosis water desalination system based on solar energy.” Desalination, 133 (1), pp. 1-12.AWE. 2016. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916401000789 Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO). 2017. “Residential Water Use Trends and Implications for Conservation Policy.” https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3611
Millstein, Don. 2018. “Updates on Regulations/Best Practices for Wireless and Cloud-based Submetering.” https://ceregportal.com/wsi/documents/sessions/2018/T-1822.pdf National Plasterers Council. 2016. “Effectiveness of Pool Covers to Reduce Evaporation from Swimming Pools.” Prepared by California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. https://rightscapenow.com/images/PDFs/Evaporation-Study-Final-Report_2.pdf Nall, D. H., P.E. Faia, and R. Sedlak. 2013. “Total Dissolved Solids in Reclaimed Water.” ASHRAE J. (2013), pp. 28-

38. http://www.conservationmechsys.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/TDS-reclaimed-water.pdf

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NAP (National Academies Press). 2016. Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies: An Assessment of Risks, Costs, and Benefits. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. https://www.nap.edu/read/21866/chapter/9
NBS. 2016. “Recycled Water Pricing Alternatives.” Accessed December 2018. https://www.nbsgov.com/blog/2016/09/29/recycled-water-pricing-alternatives/ Ornaghi, Carmine and Mirco Tonin. 2017. “The Effect of Metering on Water Consumption – Policy Note.” https://www.waterwise.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/The-Effect-of-Metering-on-WaterConsumption_June2017.pdf Pacific Institute. 2016. “The Cost of Alternative Water Supply and Efficiency Options in California.” http://pacinst.org/publication/cost-alternative-water-supply-efficiency-options-california/ https://pacinst.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/10/PI_TheCostofAlternativeWaterSupplyEfficiencyOptionsinCA_AppendixB.pdf Puretec. 2018. “What is Reverse Osmosis?” Accessed December. https://puretecwater.com/reverseosmosis/what-is-reverse-osmosis#recovery Raftelis Financial Consultants, Inc. 2008 “Water and Wastewater Rate Survey.” Prepared for American Water Works Association. Values from Western Region.

SFDPH (San Francisco Department of Public Health). 2017. “Director’s Rules and Regulations Regarding the Operation of Alternate Water Source Systems.”
https://www.sfdph.org/dph/files/EHSdocs/ehsWaterdocs/NonPotable/SFHC_12C_Rules.pdf SFPUC (San Francisco Public Utilities Commission). 2018. “San Francisco’s Non-potable Water System Projects.” July. https://sfwater.org/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentID=7089 Sher, Chloe. 2016. City of Vancouver “Water Sub-metering to Promote Water Efficiency – A Survey of Existing Literature and Local Case Studies.” https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/water-conservationpdf/submetering2016finalreport_gcscholars.pdf?sfvrsn=adc939ca_2 State Water Board (California State Water Resources Control Board). 2019. “Recycled Water Policy.” February

21. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/water_recycling_policy/ Statewide CASE Team. 2011. “Cooling Tower Water Savings.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities. http://title24stakeholders.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/2013_CASEReport_Cooling-Tower-Water-Savings.pdf Statewide CASE Team. 2013a. “Faucets.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities. https://energyarchive.ca.gov/appliances/2013rulemaking/documents/proposals/12-AAER2C_Water_Appliances/California_IOUs_and_Natural_Resources_defense_Councils_Response_to_the_Invitation _for_Standards_Proposals_for_Faucets_-_Updated_2013-08-05_TN-71810.pdf Statewide CASE Team. 2013b. “Toilets & Urinals Water Efficiency.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities.
https://energyarchive.ca.gov/appliances/2013rulemaking/documents/proposals/12-AAER2C_Water_Appliances/California_IOUs__and__Natural_Resources_defense_Councils_Responses_to_the_Invitat ion_for_Standards_Proposals_for_Toilets__and__Urinals_2013-07-29_TN-71765.pdf Statewide CASE Team. 2015. “Commercial Food Service Equipment Water Efficiency.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities. http://title24stakeholders.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/08/CALGreen-CASE-Report-Commercial-Kitchen-Report_5.29.2015.pdf

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Statewide CASE Team. 2017a. “Compact Hot Water Distribution – Final Report.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities. http://title24stakeholders.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/09/2019-T24-CASE-Report_Cmpct-HW-Distbtn_Final_September-2017.pdf Statewide CASE Team. 2017b. “Drain Water Heat Recovery – Final Report.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities. http://title24stakeholders.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2019-T24- CASE-Report_DWHR_Final_September-2017.pdf
Statewide CASE Team. 2017c. “Landscape Irrigation Controllers.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide Investor-Owned Utilities. https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=221225 Statewide CASE Team. 2017d. “Spray Sprinkler Bodies.” Prepared on behalf of the California Statewide InvestorOwned Utilities. https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=221224 Sustainable Silicon Valley. 2016. “Model Water Efficient New Development Ordinance Developed by Santa Clara County Water Efficient New Development Task Force.” http://www.wp.sustainablesv.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/Draft_Model_Ordinance_for_Water_Efficient_New_Development_v9nov292019.doc x
U.S. Census Bureau. 2014. Population Division. “Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014.” https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 2018. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. “Commercial Prototype Building Models.” https://www.energycodes.gov/development/commercial/prototype_models U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). 2002. “Retrofitting Apartment Buildings to Conserve Water: A Guide for Managers, Engineers, and Contractors.” Prepared by Water Resources Engineering, Inc. for the Office of Policy Development and Research. https://www.huduser.gov/Publications/PDF/Book2.pdf U.S. Department of Labor. 2012. Bureau of Labor Statistics. CPI Inflation Calculator. https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
U.S. EIA (Energy Information Administration). 2012. Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2017. WaterSense. “Types of Facilities: Office Buildings.” https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/commercial/types.html WRF (The Water Research Foundation). 2016. “Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2.” http://www.waterrf.org/PublicReportLibrary/4309A.pdf
WRF. 2018. “Water Use in the Multi-Family Housing Sector.” http://www.waterrf.org/PublicReportLibrary/4554.pdf
Western Regional Climate Center. 2018. Evaporation Stations. https://wrcc.dri.edu/Climate/comp_table_show.php?stype=pan_evap_avg

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Appendix A – Measure-Specific Assumptions and Methodologies

7.1 Measure 1 – Water Waste Reduction when Delivering Hot Water Scope: New Construction; Single Family
Option A – Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems
Using compact hot water distribution system saves both water and energy by minimizing the volume of water in distribution system piping, therefore reducing the amount of water discharged from the plumbing system prior to the arrival of hot water. The magnitude of savings is directly related to the level of compactness of the plumbing design.

This measure uses the savings estimates from the 2019 CASE Report on Compact Hot Water Distribution Systems (CHWDS) (Statewide CASE Team 2017a).6 The analysis assumes that the pipe insulation credit available under the 2016 Title 24, Part 6 Standards was in place as the base system design and assumes a minimum efficiency gas instantaneous water heater (primary prescriptive path). The CASE Report analysis uses the 2016 baseline and calculates savings for the CHWDS Basic Credit. Since the expanded credit would yield higher savings resulting from higher compactness and reduction of larger diameter pipe lengths, the results presented in this report are conservative estimates for HERS verified CHWDS.

The assumed measure life is 30 years.

Option B – Demand Recirculation with DWHR
Both demand control manual (manual control) with HERS verification and demand control occupancy (sensor control) with HERS verification recirculation systems were modeled and compared to the consumption of the standard design with no recirculation system. Only recirculation system with manual control when combined with DWHR resulted in compliance for all climate zones. Therefore, the proposed measure excludes sensor-controlled recirculation system and requires recirculation system with manual control in combination with DWHR. Option 1B was simulated using the CBECC-Res 2019 compliance software (version 2019.1.0). The CBECC-Res software installation comes with two singlefamily prototype energy models (2100 ft2 and 2700 ft2 ) developed for each climate zone, which are
approved by the Energy Commission to evaluate energy efficiency measures. Both single-family prototype models were used to simulate the proposed measure package in each climate zone. The results are presented for a 2,430 ft2 blended single family prototype by taking a weighted average of results for two single family prototypes (45 percent weighting of 2,100 ft2 prototype and 55 percent weighting of 2,700 ft2 protype consistent with analysis in 2019 CASE Reports for residential measures).

Key assumptions include:
• An instantaneous gas-fired water heater (prescriptive baseline). • Pipe insulation is assumed to be included in the demand recirculation calculations. While 2019 ACM does not specify whether the water distribution system multipliers in Table B-1 assume pipe insulation, CBECC-RES does not allow selection of both the type of recirculation system and pipe insulation, and according to Title 24, Part 6 Section 150.0(j)2.A.iii, all piping associated with a domestic hot water recirculation loop must be insulated regardless of pipe diameter. 6 The full methodology can be found in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 of the Final 2019 CHWDS CASE Report (Statewide CASE Team 2017a).

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• Distribution system multipliers reflect the energy impact of reduced hot water consumption associated with manual control recirculation systems, as stated in Table B-1 of 2019 ACM.

To determine water savings associated with the demand recirculation system, the duty cycle per end use (shower, bathroom, and kitchen) were used from the CASE Report on Faucets (Statewide CASE Team 2013a). Based on the Energy Commission Staff Report for faucets, the analysis assumes 45 feet pipe length to each fixture (Energy Commission 2014). The base case water entrapment volume was calculated according to the formula A = π*(Inside Diameter)2/4 using this 45-foot pipe length for ¾” PEX pipe and assuming an average inside diameter of 0.681 inches. The resulting base case and measure case entrapment volumes (0.85 gallons and 0.125 gallons, respectively) were multiplied by each duty cycle to yield total base case and measure case water consumption. The water savings is the difference between these two values. The assumed measure life is 30 years.

7.2 Measure 2 – Graywater-Ready Dwellings
Scope: New Construction; Single Family
Conservatively, the analysis in this report assumes water savings only from laundry washing machines.

The analysis assumes no savings from graywater from other sources (showers, baths, and lavatory sinks) since graywater from those sources is more burdensome to use (given the likely need for a surge tank and water treatment).

To calculate water savings, annual indoor household water usage was assumed to be 50,370 gallons based on 2016 Water Research Foundation study on residential end uses of water (WRF 2016). WRF study and a 2011 Aquacraft study on water end use profiles (WRF 2016, Aquacraft 2011a) were used to determine percent of water by end use. The average values from the two studies for allowable end uses for graywater resulted in 20 percent used in showers, three percent used in baths, ten percent used in lavatory faucets, and 17 percent used in laundry. Applying 17 percent to the indoor household water usage results in 8,563 gallons of potential water savings from using graywater from laundry washing machines.

Since the amount of graywater provided by a laundry-to-landscape system does not entirely offset the landscape irrigation needs in any climate zone, water savings are the same in each climate zone. The assumed measure life is 30 years.

7.3 Measure 3 – Recycled Water for Common Landscaping
Scope: New Construction; Single Family
This analysis included the cost of connecting to the recycled water source, assuming the maximum distance of 200 feet from the property line to the recycled water source. It was assumed that potable water consumption is offset by recycled water for the total irrigation water use in each climate zone.

The landscape area for residential landscapes was assumed to be 2,648 ft2, which was the median from an Aquacraft study on end use water profiles (Aquacraft 2011a). The assumed measure life is 30 years.

Irrigation Water Demand by Climate Zone
The methodology from the Pacific Institute study was adopted to estimate irrigation water demand by climate zone (Pacific Institute 2016). The Pacific Institute study on alternative water supply and efficiency calculates irrigation demand in gallons per year based on the monthly reference evapotranspiration, monthly effective rainfall, plant factor of the irrigated area, distribution uniformity of irrigation, irrigation management efficiency, irrigated landscape area, and a conversion factor to convert inches of water to gallons (Pacific Institute 2016). For each climate zone’s representative city (Energy Commission 2017), reference evapotranspiration values were used from 2015 DWR MWELO

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(CCR 2019f) and monthly rainfall from usclimatedata.com. The rainfall was adjusted by a factor of 0.25 to account for evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation, all of which affects the effective rainfall (Pacific Institute 2016). This analysis uses an average plant factor of 0.55 based on 0.3 for low water plants and 0.8 for turf grass (Pacific Institute 2016). Additionally, calculations for irrigation water demand by climate zone align with the Pacific Institute assumption for the product of distribution uniformity and irrigation management efficiency of 0.62 (Pacific Institute 2016).

7.4 Measure 4 – Pool and Spa Covers
Scope: New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Single Family While evaporation rates depend on many factors including pool size, climate, and wind, this analysis applies average pan evaporation rates by building climate zone based on measured evaporation rates from the Western Regional Climate Center and Los Angeles County Watershed Model Configuration and Calibration report, as shown in
Table 25 (Western Regional Climate Center 2018, County of Los Angeles 2010). As these reports present pan evaporation in inches per year, the rates were converted to gallons per year using standard conversions and assuming an average pool size of 392 ft2. Total evaporation per year was multiplied by an average efficiency of 81 percent based on a National Plasters Council report addressing pool cover effectiveness of reducing evaporation (National Plasterers Council 2016). The assumed measure life is four years.

Table 25: Average Annual Evaporation by Climate Zone
Climate
Zone
Average Annual
Evaporation
(inches/year)
CZ1 31.6
CZ2 55.9
CZ3 62.3
CZ4 85.9
CZ5 70.2
CZ6 37.0
CZ7 63.8
CZ8 42.4
CZ9 44.3
CZ10 72.0
CZ11 63.8
CZ12 69.9
CZ13 96.9
CZ14 102.7
CZ15 85.3
CZ16 61.4
Sources: Western Regional Climate Center 2018, County of Los Angeles 2010.

7.5 Measure 5 – Exterior Hose Bib Locks
Scope: New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential Due to lack of available data, there is no strong defensible way to estimate per-building savings. As such, this analysis took the conservative approach of assuming the average building would not achieve energy or water savings as a result of lock installation. The assumed measure life is 10 years.

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7.6 Measure 6 – Alternate Water Sources
Scope: New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential To calculate daily irrigation demand per climate zone for both multifamily and nonresidential applications, the methodology described previously for Measure 3 was used.

To calculate demand for toilet flushing and graywater supply for multifamily buildings, building assumptions were based on the two-story, 6,960-square foot multifamily prototype building with four one-bedroom, 780-square foot units and four two-bedroom, 960-square foot units. With an assumption of 1.5 toilets per unit and toilet water usage of 3,450 gallons per year (Statewide CASE Team 2013b), it was calculated that a multifamily building uses 41,400 gallons of water for toilet flushing each year. Daily water consumption of 85 gallons per capita per day and an average of 2.46 people per unit (LAO 2017, WRF 2018) were used to calculate total annual water consumption; it was assumed that 84 percent of this water was used indoors (HUD 2002), resulting in a total of 512,881 gallons of annual indoor water per building. Using the 512,881 gallons of indoor water usage, it was assumed that 19.5 percent is used in showers, 2.5 percent is used in baths, and 9.5 percent is used in bathroom faucets (WRF 2016; Aquacraft 2011b), resulting in a total of 161,557 gallons of graywater produced each year.

To calculate demand for toilet/urinal flushing and graywater supply for nonresidential buildings, building assumptions were based on the three-story, 53,628-square foot medium sized office building prototype.

While the prototype does not give any sense of how many bathrooms or fixtures are located in the building, it was estimated that the building contains five toilets and one urinal per story with an annual water usage of 1,974 gallons per year per toilet and 585 gallons per year per urinal for a total of 31,365 gallons per year of toilet and urinal water use (Statewide CASE Team 2013b). The calculations also include 696,970 gallons per year (rounding 696,969.7 value) of total building water usage where 37 percent goes to bathrooms and 28 percent (rounding 28.09 value) of that bathroom usage goes to faucets, resulting in 72,438 gallons of graywater per year from sinks (Statewide CASE Team 2017c; U.S.

EPA 2017). The calculations do not include graywater production from showers as this was assumed to be low or nonexistent in a typical medium-sized office building.

To estimate available rainwater supply for a multifamily and nonresidential buildings, the average rainfall per month was calculated in each climate zone, multiplied by the assumed footprint of the building (3,480 ft2 for multifamily and 17,876 ft2 for nonresidential), converted to gallons received per month, adjusted by 90 percent to account for the rainwater that cannot be collected (Greywater Action 2018), and evenly distributed across the respective days in each month.

To estimate foundation drainage supply for a multifamily and nonresidential buildings, the area of the building footprint was used (3,480 ft2 for multifamily, 17,876 ft2 for nonresidential) to calculate the building perimeter. Assuming a square building for each application, the perimeter was calculated to be 236 feet for the multifamily building and 535 feet for the nonresidential building. To calculate the foundation drainage water collected, this perimeter was multiplied by an assumed four-foot width, the estimated rainfall for each climate zone, and a 90 percent adjustment factor to account for rainwater that cannot be collected.

For both multifamily and nonresidential applications, it was assumed that the storage tank is empty starting January 1st. Then, the values for water demand – irrigation and toilet/urinal flushing – were compared with the daily supply of rainwater, graywater, and foundation drainage to determine the net capacity of the tank. This way, the analysis accounted for water potentially lost due to the tank being full when the demand (irrigation, toilet/urinal flushing) did not exceed supply (rainwater, graywater from acceptable sources, and foundation drainage). This approach also allowed to track how much additional

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 47 October 2019
water is needed from the municipal water supply. Potential demand for alternative source water for a cooling tower was not considered in this analysis.

An annual maintenance cost was not included for multifamily buildings due to lack of public data, but an annual maintenance cost of 2.36 percent of the installation cost was included in the cost calculations, using the average of available case study data (SFPUC 2018). The assumed measure life for multifamily and nonresidential applications is 30 years.

7.7 Measure 7 – Landscape Irrigation Water Meters and Flow Sensors Scope: New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential and Nonresidential The base case for this measure assumes neither landscape irrigation meter nor flow sensor is installed.

The measure case conservatively assumes installation of both a landscape irrigation meter and a flow sensor. The analysis also includes an annual $200 water meter fee; this assumes that the irrigation water meter is managed by a water provider for billing purposes, while the flow sensor is used by the owner to monitor for leaks and over and under irrigation issues. The analysis did not take into account existing 2015 DWR MWELO requirements related to irrigation water meters and flow sensors due to low compliance with MWELO.

The landscape area for a residential landscape was assumed to be 2,648 ft2, which was the median from an Aquacraft study on end use water profiles (Aquacraft 2011a). The landscape area for nonresidential landscape was assumed to be 8,826 ft2. The area for a nonresidential landscape was calculated by scaling the residential landscape area of 2,648 ft2 based on the comparison between 69,000 gallons per year used outdoors for single family homes (Aquacraft 2011b) and 230,000 gallons per year used outdoors for nonresidential buildings (Statewide CASE Team 2017c).

It was assumed that the use of a landscape irrigation meter and flow sensor would reduce landscape irrigation water by 15 percent (AWE 2018). Estimated savings were applied to the irrigation water demand in each climate zone. For more information regarding estimating irrigation water demand, see methodology description for Irrigation Water Demand by Climate Zone under Measure 3.

The assumed life of irrigation water meter is 18 years. Flow sensors are not assumed to be replaced during the 30-year analysis period due to a lifetime of 30 years.

7.8 Measure 8 – Irrigation Controllers
Scope: New Construction, Additions, Alterations; Residential and Nonresidential The analysis only considered new construction scenario by including incremental costs to purchase weather-based or soil moisture-based controller over a basic irrigation controller. For addition and alteration scenario, the results of this analysis may not apply since additions and alterations would likely involve replacing an existing irrigation controller, in other words, full costs (not incremental costs) for a weather-based or soil moisture-based controller would need to be used.

This analysis assumes a basic irrigation controller for a base case and a weather-based (with a rain sensor) or soil moisture-based controller for the measure case. Existing 2015 DWR MWELO requirements related to irrigation controllers were not taken into account in this analysis due to low compliance rate with MWELO. It was assumed that 18 percent of weather-based controllers did not have rain sensors (Aquacraft 2009); this was accounted for in the overall cost of the weather-based controllers.

The landscape area for a residential landscape was assumed to be 2,648 ft2, which was the median from an Aquacraft study on end use water profiles (Aquacraft 2011a). The landscape area for nonresidential

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landscape was assumed to be 8,826 ft2. The area for a nonresidential landscape was calculated by scaling the residential landscape area of 2,648 ft2 based on the comparison between 69,000 gallons per year used outdoors for single family homes (Aquacraft 2011b) and 230,000 gallons per year used outdoors for nonresidential buildings (Statewide CASE Team 2017c).

Based on the CASE Report on Landscape Irrigation Controllers, the analysis assumes that weather-based controllers save 15 percent of irrigation water use and soil moisture-based controllers save 38 percent of irrigation water use (Statewide CASE Team 2017c). A 50/50 split was assumed for the adoption rate of weather and soil moisture-based controllers. Estimated savings were applied to the irrigation water demand in each climate zone. For more information regarding estimating irrigation water demand, see methodology description for Irrigation Water Demand by Climate Zone under Measure 3.

The assumed measure life is 11 years.

7.9 Measure 9 – Maximum Precipitation Rate for Irrigation Nozzles Scope: New Construction; Residential and Nonresidential Conservatively, savings for this measure were assumed to be zero given that the cap for the precipitation rate of nozzles is fairly high compared to the range of infiltration rates by soil type.

Infiltration rate of soils vary from one inch per hour (upper threshold) for coarse sands to 0.1 inch per hour (lower threshold) for clay loam soils (Irrigation Association 2011). Studies of potential savings from just upgrading irrigation nozzles were not readily available.

7.10 Measure 10 – Irrigation Audits
Scope: New Construction; Residential and Nonresidential Based on personal communications with representatives from the California Landscape Contractors Association, the analysis team estimated total hours for conducting the audit, developing the report, and follow-up appointment for both residential and nonresidential irrigation audits. It was assumed that audits do not result in direct savings.

Total hours will vary depending on landscape size, complexity of the irrigation system, whether applicant or auditor develops audit report, and what the jurisdiction will require as part of the audit. For instance, what is required for an irrigation audit may differ depending on whether a jurisdiction requires following the Irrigation Association’s Certified Landscape Irrigation Auditor requirements or EPA WaterSense labeled auditing program. Some water providers may offer irrigation audits for free.

7.11 Measure 11 – Indoor Water Meters
Scope: New Construction, Additions; Multifamily and Nonresidential The intended scope of the measure is multifamily and nonresidential applications. However, the analysis in this report only considered a nonresidential building (498,589-square foot large office).

Most of the scope of the measure for nonresidential application is already covered by 2016 CALGreen (Section 5.303.1). The additional savings come from metering cooling towers, evaporative coolers, and boilers for nonresidential buildings (where separate submeters for individual building tenants are feasible). For the base case, the analysis assumed submetering of individual tenants is in place, submetering of makeup water for a cooling tower is not in place, and submetering of a boiler is not in place. For the measure case, the analysis assumed installation of two additional submeters for a cooling tower and a boiler.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 49 October 2019
Building model simulations based on ASHRAE 90.1-2016 were used to determine how much water is used in cooling towers and boilers for each ASHRAE climate zone (U.S. DOE 2018). The building model simulations for the Large Office building (498,589 ft2) were used since cooling towers and large boilers (with energy input greater than 500,000 Btu/h per measure requirement) are often used in larger buildings.

The savings from submetering a boiler were assumed to be zero due to lack of readily available data on potential savings. To estimate savings from submetering makeup water for a cooling tower, the ASHRAE climate zones were matched to the Energy Commission climate zones for California. If an Energy Commission climate zone covered multiple ASHRAE climate zones, the cooling tower water usage was averaged between all ASHRAE climate zones in the Energy Commission climate zone (iaqsource.com 2019; Energy Commission 2019b). It was assumed that by submetering the makeup water for a cooling tower, the building owner would take additional steps to improve the efficiency of the cooling tower.

Changing the pipes can improve the efficiency by up to two percent; increasing the cooling cycles can reduce makeup water by up to 20 percent (Delta Cooling Tower, Inc. 2016). The average of savings from these different upgrade methods was used to estimate the savings from submetering a cooling tower.

However, the costs to do upgrades were not included in the measure costs. The increase of cooling cycles will likely require a water treatment system to remove dissolved salts, so the cost of this upgrade may be significant and needs to be included in the measure cost in the next iteration of this analysis. The assumed measure life is 15 years.

7.12 Measure 12 –Cooling Towers
Scope: New Construction; Multifamily and Nonresidential The intended scope of the measure is multifamily and nonresidential applications. However, the analysis in this report only considered a nonresidential building (117,000-square foot large office prototype).

Due to high capital costs of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) treatment systems, and the need for speciallydesigned cooling towers to enable the use of high total dissolved solids water operation, the analysis assumes a packaged reverse osmosis treatment system for treating cooling tower blowdown water.

These systems have an installed cost of $5-10 per gallon of daily capacity, so the analysis assumes an average of $7.50 per gallon of daily capacity (Nall, Faia, and Sedlak 2013). It was assumed the system would be dedicated to cooling tower blowdown water reuse. Given that most of the cooling tower water use is makeup for evaporative losses (the primary heat rejection mechanism), blowdown water reuse will not sufficiently provide all makeup water needs. If other on-site treated graywater or rainwater exists in sufficient quantities, recycled water from that treatment system can serve as cooling tower makeup water as well. It was assumed that the blowdown water treatment loop, as shown in Figure 1, would be mounted on the roof with the cooling tower; piping length costs and pumping energy were calculated accordingly.

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 50 October 2019
Figure 1: Assumed cooling tower blowdown treatment and reuse setup. Source: Energy Solutions.

Cost-effectiveness was calculated for climate zones 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 as these climate zones account for approximately 90 percent of large office buildings in the nonresidential construction forecast (Statewide CASE Team 2011). The system was assumed to be installed on the 117,000-square foot large office prototype, the same prototype used in the 2013 CASE Report on Cooling Tower Water Savings. The analysis uses chiller sizing, cooling tower sizing, condenser water flow, annual cooling tower water use, and annual blowdown water use results for each climate zone from the cooling tower water use model used in the 2013 CASE Report.

As part of the analysis for the CASE Report, the authors ran energy simulations in EnergyPro to produce an annual hourly output of chiller load in each climate zone. This output was used to calculate the full load equivalent hours for the chiller on the cooling design day in each climate zone. One percent of the cooling tower flow rate was used for the flow rate of blowdown water and to calculate the design day gallons per day (gpd) of effluent through the treatment system. This value was used to size the treatment system and corresponding capital cost in each climate zone. To calculate operational energy use of the reverse osmosis treatment system, the analysis assumed an average value of 0.00114 kWh/gal of treated water (Nall, Faia, and Sedlak 2013; Laborde et al 2001) and multiplied this value by the annual blowdown water in each climate zone. The reverse osmosis membrane needs to be replaced every three years, which was accounted for in operational costs. To calculate annual water savings, the analysis assumes a reverse osmosis treatment system recovery rate of 70 percent (Puretec 2018). The assumed measure life is 20 years.

7.13 Measure 13 – Manually Operated Toilets in Commercial Facilities Scope: New Construction; Nonresidential
Based on a 2010 study conducted by Veritec Consulting and Koeller & Company (Gauley and Koeller 2010), the analysis assumes a 5.7 percent increase in consumption from manual flush urinals and a 54 percent decrease in consumption from manual flush toilets relative to sensor-operated toilets and urinals. The study was conducted from February 2007 to January 2009 using two bathrooms on one of the floors of an eight-story, 223,000-square foot office building located in Tampa, Florida. The study included two urinals and eight toilets. The authors of the study state that given the small scale of the study, the results may not be indicative of other projects.

Per unit annual water consumption for toilets and urinals were used from the 2013 Case Report on Toilets and Urinals and multiplied by the average number of toilets and urinals per medium-sized office

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building (Statewide CASE Team 2013b). While the Energy Commission prototypes do not specify number of bathrooms or plumbing fixtures, it was estimated that there are 23 toilets and nine urinals in each 53,628-square foot three-story medium-size office building prototype. The assumed measure life is 12 years.

7.14 Measure 14 – Manually Operated Faucets in Commercial Facilities Scope: New Construction; Nonresidential
Based on a 2010 study conducted by Veritec Consulting and Koeller & Company, the analysis assumes a 30.1% decrease in consumption from manual faucets (Gauley and Koeller 2010). The study was conducted from February 2007 to January 2009 using two bathrooms on one of the floors of an eight-story, 223,000-square foot office building located in Tampa, Florida. The number of monitored faucets was not specified in the report. The authors of the study state that given the small scale of the study, the results may not be indicative of other projects.

Per unit electricity, gas, and water consumption for lavatory faucets were used from the 2013 CASE Report on Faucets and multiplied by the average number of lavatory faucets per medium-sized office building (Statewide CASE Team 2013a). The assumed measure life is ten years (Statewide CASE Team 2013a).

7.15 Measure 15 – Commercial Kitchen Water Efficiency
Scope: New and Replacement Equipment; Nonresidential
All savings values for dishwashers, food steamers, combination ovens, and pulpers were taken from the CASE Report on Commercial Food Service Equipment, as shown in Table 26 (Statewide CASE Team 2015). Electricity and natural gas savings are calculated using the assumption that 90 percent of commercial kitchens are using natural gas for water heating and 10 percent are using electricity for water heating. The assumed measure life is 11 years based on the average life measure for considered equipment types.

The analysis does not consider costs and savings from pre-rinse spray valves and commercial ice makers as these appliances are federally preempted. It was assumed that the average commercial kitchen contains one of each of the following equipment types: dishwasher, food steamer, and combination oven. Pulpers were not assumed to be present in the average commercial kitchen due to low statewide shipments at approximately 35 units per year; therefore, the savings achieved with high-efficiency pulpers were not included in the total savings presented in Section 4.15.

Table 26: Per-Unit Savings for Commercial Kitchen Appliances Appliance
Number of Units
Per Commercial
Kitchen
Water Savings
(Gal/Unit/Year)
On-Site Electricity
Savings
(kWh/Unit/Year)b
Natural Gas
Savings
(Therms/Unit/
Year)b
Lifetime
(Years)
Dishwashers 1 19,315 2,848 157 10
Food Steamers 1 95,659 14,105 778 12
Combination Ovens 1 10,576 1,559 86 12
Pulpersa 0 777,600 0 0 8
Source: Statewide CASE Team 2015.
a Savings from pulpers are not included in this measure’s results due to the assumption that this appliance is not installed in a typical commercial kitchen. Savings are presented to assist with understanding potential additional savings for kitchens that do install pulpers.

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b While per-unit on-site electricity and natural gas savings are presented, a commercial kitchen will only realize the savings associated with the kitchen’s actual water heating type.

7.16 Measure 16 – Selling Compliant Fixtures and Fittings Scope: Residential and Nonresidential
This measure is reiterating Title 20 requirements. Therefore, it is assumed that there are no associated savings.

7.17 Measure 17 – Installing Compliant Fixtures and Fittings Scope: Residential and Nonresidential
This measure is reiterating Title 20 requirements. Therefore, it is assumed that there are no associated savings.

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Appendix B – Additional Resources
The following lists address rebate programs and additional resources directly relevant to the measures addressed in this report. This does not constitute a comprehensive list of available rebate programs and resources.

Rebate Programs
Indoor Water Efficiency
• EPA WaterSense Rebate Finder. Tool to help identify rebate programs for WaterSense labeled products.
• SoCal Water$mart Commercial Food Equipment. Rebates for connectionless food steamers and air-cooled ice machines. http://socalwatersmart.com/commercial/?page_id=3050 • Solano County Water Agency Hot Water Recirculating System Components Rebate. http://www.scwa2.com/water-conservation/rebates/residential-rebates Landscape Irrigation Efficiency
• Alameda County Water District (ACWD) Weather-Based “Smart” Irrigation Controller Rebate Program. Rebates available to commercial, industrial, institutional, or multifamily/HOA customers within ACWD territory for replacing conventional irrigation controller(s) with smart controller(s). https://www.acwd.org/DocumentCenter/View/389 • California Water Service Rebates and Programs. Various rebate programs available to residential and commercial customers, including rebates for smart irrigation controllers and high efficiency nozzles. Commercial customers may also pursue rebates for large rotary nozzles and spray sprinkler bodies with integrated pressure regulation and check valves. https://www.calwater.com/conservation/rebates-and-programs/residential/av/ • City of Sacramento Irrigation Upgrade Rebates; Smart Controller Rebates. Includes rebates for conversion to high efficiency sprinkler nozzles and smart irrigation controllers. https://www.cityofsacramento.org/Utilities/Conservation/Residents/Residential-Rebates • East Bay Municipal Utility District Efficient Irrigation Equipment. Includes rebates for high efficiency nozzles, smart irrigation controllers, and irrigation submeters. https://www.ebmud.com/water/conservation-and-rebates/residential/rebates/lawnconversion-irrigation-upgrade-rebates/ • EPA WaterSense Rebate Finder. Tool to help identify rebate programs for WaterSense labeled products.
• North Marin Water District Water Rebates and Programs. Includes various rebates such as rebates for qualifying high efficiency irrigation equipment including check valves, rotating sprinkler nozzles, and rain shut-off devices and rebates for weather-based irrigation controllers.

Also, offers free outdoor water efficiency checks and landscape irrigation system efficiency test, large landscape water audit program, and large landscape budget program. https://www.nmwd.com/conservation_exterior.php
• Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) Landscape Rebate Program. Rebate program for irrigation equipment upgrades. Includes high-efficiency nozzles, rotor sprinklers or spray bodies with pressure regulation and/or check valves, rain sensors, dedicated landscape meters/flow

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 54 October 2019
sensors/hydrometers, and weather-based irrigation controllers. https://scvwd.dropletportal.com/irrigation-equipment-details • SCVWD Large Landscape Survey Program. Free landscape surveys for minimum ½ acre irrigated landscape and/or 1,000 centum cubic feet (CCF) of water consumption for irrigation in multifamily, commercial, industrial, and institutional sites. https://www.valleywater.org/savingwater/commercial/large-landscape-surveys • SCVWD Water Wise Survey Program. Free irrigation survey for single family and small multifamily sites (under ½ acre irrigated landscape). https://www.valleywater.org/savingwater/residential/water-wise-surveys • SoCal Water$mart Irrigation Controllers. Residential rebates for weather-based irrigation controllers. http://www.socalwatersmart.com/?page_id=2979 • SoCal Water$mart Commercial Landscaping Equipment. Rebates for smart irrigation controllers, high efficiency nozzles, flow regulators, and soil moisture sensors. http://socalwatersmart.com/commercial/?page_id=3050
• Solano County Water Agency Rain Sensors Rebate. Rebate for rain sensors that shut-off irrigation systems when 1/8 inch or greater precipitation is detected. http://www.scwa2.com/water-conservation/rebates/residential-rebates • Zone 7 Water Agency Weather-Based Irrigation Controller Rebates. Rebates for replacing irrigation controllers with smart controllers. Available to single family residences, multifamily residences, and nonresidential properties. Zone 7 Water Agency covers City of Livermore, California Water Service Company-Livermore, City of Pleasanton, and Dublin San Ramon Services District. http://zone7water.com/conservation-rebates/rebate-programs/weatherbased-irrigation-controllers Alternate Water Sources and Onsite Non-Potable Water Systems • Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency (BAWSCA) Rain Barrel Rebates. BAWSCA and participating member agencies offer rebates for purchase and installation of qualifying rain barrels. http://bawsca.org/conserve/rebates/barrels
• City of Sacramento Rain Barrel Rebates; Laundry-to-Landscape Rebates. https://www.cityofsacramento.org/Utilities/Conservation/Residents/Residential-Rebates • North Marin Water District Rainwater / Graywater Rebate. Pilot program to incentivize capture and distribution of rainwater or graywater for landscape irrigation. https://www.nmwd.com/conservation_exterior.php
• SCVWD Laundry-to-Landscape Rebate Program. Rebate for connecting a clothes washer to a simple graywater irrigation system. https://www.valleywater.org/graywater-rebate-program • San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) Non-potable Grant Program. Encourages alternate water source collection, treatment, and distribution https://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=686
• SFPUC Rainwater Harvesting Program: Participating customers receive up to two 50-gallon rain barrels (must pay tax), plus large discounts on 250- to 750-gallon cisterns. https://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=178

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 55 October 2019
• SoCal Water$mart Rain Barrels & Cisterns. Rebates for rain barrels or cisterns. http://www.socalwatersmart.com/?page_id=2973
• Solano County Water Agency Laundry-to-Landscape System Components Rebate and Rain Barrel Rebate. Rebate for eligible components to distribute graywater from clothes washers to landscape irrigation. Rebate for rain barrels. http://www.scwa2.com/waterconservation/rebates/residential-rebates Submetering
• SCVWD Submeter Rebate Program. Rebate per installed submeter for mobile home parks and condominium complexes. https://www.valleywater.org/saving-water/commercial/submeterrebate-program Swimming Pools & Spa Covers
• North Marin Water District Pool Cover Rebate. Rebates to residential customers for installing a new solar or safety pool cover. https://www.nmwd.com/conservation_exterior.php • Solano County Water Agency Pool Cover Rebate. Rebates for new pool covers. http://www.scwa2.com/water-conservation/rebates/residential-rebates Water Efficient Technology (WET) Rebates
• SCVWD WET Rebates for Businesses and Facilities. Rebates available to commercial, industrial, and institutional water customers for water conservation projects directly reducing water consumption by at least 75,800 gallons per year. https://www.valleywater.org/savingwater/commercial/commercial-facility-rebates Other Resources
MWELO
• California Department of Water Resources (DWR): The 2015 Updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance Guidance for California Local Agencies. https://water.ca.gov/LegacyFiles/wateruseefficiency/landscapeordinance/docs/2015%20MWEL O%20Guidance%20for%20Local%20Agencies.pdf
Onsite Non-Potable Water Systems
• National Blue Ribbon Commission (NBRC) for Onsite Non-Potable Water Systems: A Guidebook for Developing and Implementing Regulations for Onsite Non-Potable Water Systems.
http://uswateralliance.org/sites/uswateralliance.org/files/NBRC%20GUIDEBOOK%20FOR%20DE VELOPING%20ONWS%20REGULATIONS.pdf
• Water Research Foundation: Risk-Based Framework for the Development of Public Health Guidance for Decentralized Non-Potable Water Systems.
https://www.waterrf.org/research/projects/risk-based-framework-development-public-healthguidance-decentralized-non-potable Water-Energy Nexus
• Energy Code Ace Title 20 Essentials: The Water Energy Nexus. Free online self-study to learn about the water-energy nexus and the importance to California, Title 20 and CALGreen (Title 24,

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Part 11) water efficiency requirements, and compliance with Title 20 water efficiency requirements. https://energycodeace.com/training

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 57 October 2019
Appendix C – Energy Utility Rate Schedules
Below are hyperlinks to the energy rates used for each utility. Detailed rate schedules are provided in subsequent sections.

Residential
• Southern California Edison
Electric: Schedule D. https://www.sce.com/NR/sc3/tm2/pdf/ce12-12.pdf • Southern California Gas
Gas: Schedule GR. https://www.socalgas.com/regulatory/tariffs/tm2/pdf/GR.pdf • Pacific Gas and Electric
Electric: Schedule E1. https://www.pge.com/tariffs/assets/pdf/tariffbook/ELEC_SCHEDS_E-1.pdf Gas: Schedule G-1. https://www.pge.com/tariffs/assets/pdf/tariffbook/GAS_SCHEDS_G-1.pdf • San Diego Gas and Electric
Electric: Schedule DR. https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/regulatory/11-1- 18%20Schedule%20DR%20Total%20Rates%20Table.pdf
Gas: Schedule GR. http://regarchive.sdge.com/tm2/pdf/GAS_GAS-SCHEDS_GR.pdf Commercial
• Southern California Edison
Electric: Schedule GS-2-A. https://www.sce.com/NR/sc3/tm2/pdf/ce30-12.pdf • Southern California Gas
Gas: Schedule G-10. https://www.socalgas.com/regulatory/tariffs/tm2/pdf/G10.pdf • Pacific Gas and Electric
Electric: Schedule A-10. https://www.pge.com/tariffs/electric.shtml#COMMA10 Gas: Schedule G-NR1. https://www.pge.com/tariffs/tm2/pdf/GAS_SCHEDS_G-NR1.pdf • San Diego Gas and Electric
Electric: Schedule A Secondary. https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/A_3.pdf Gas: Schedule GN-3. http://regarchive.sdge.com/tm2/pdf/GAS_GAS-SCHEDS_GN-3.pdf

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Residential Electric Rates

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Residential Gas Rates

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Commercial Electric Rates

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Commercial Gas Rates

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Appendix D – Water and Wastewater Rates
Water rates vary significantly across the state of California and even within individual building climate zones. The 2018 potable water rates used in the analysis are based on residential water rate data from a Black & Veatch study that includes the eight largest cities in California (Black & Veatch 2016). This data was weighted by the number of single family homes in each city based on data from the California Department of Finance (2018). About 30 percent of Californians live in one of the eight cities, and the consultants authoring this report assumed that rates for these cities are representative of rates throughout the state. It was assumed that a typical customer with irrigation uses 11,000 gallons per month as a baseline (Aquacraft 2011b) and the 7,500–15,000 gallons per month rate tier would apply to water saved by this measure. The estimate only considers the variable portion of the residential potable water bill and does not include fixed charges that occur regardless of the amount of water consumption.

Costs in 2016 were escalated to 2018 rates using Black & Veatch annual increases. The commercial rates are based on data from the 2008 American Water Works Association Water and Wastewater Survey using values from the western region, converted to $2018 (Raftelis 2008).

To determine the statewide average wastewater rates, average volumetric residential wastewater rates of $6.44 per 1,000 gallons were calculated based on the data for the four California cities that were listed with volumetric (volume-related) wastewater (Black & Veatch 2016). Thirty percent of California residents pay a volumetric wastewater rate, which is typically linked to the potable water meter (Chesnutt 2011). The average wastewater rate in cities were multiplied with volumetric rates (assuming the same baseline water usage noted above) by 0.30 resulting in an average statewide residential volumetric wastewater cost of $1.54 per 1,000 gallons for 2018. 7 The 2009 commercial wastewater rates
were derived from cost data that assumes customers use 100,000 gallons per month and converted to $2018. The 2009 rates were used because they were readily available to the authors of this report.

Recycled water rates are assumed to be 90 percent of potable rates based on common non-tiered pricing structure for both northern and southern California water agencies (NBS 2016).

Table 27 lists the estimated water costs to consumers in each city and the number of single family houses in each city in 2016 dollars from Black & Veatch. No potable water or wastewater rate escalation past 2018 is assumed (conservative assumption).

Table 27: Residential Water and Wastewater Costs (in $2016) Fresno Long
Beach
Los
Angeles Oakland Sacramento San Diego
San
Francisco
San
Jose
Number of single family
detached homes 105,031 74,394 557,495 73,991 113,494 237,084 65,783 175,614 Incremental residential
water cost ($/1000gal) $1.81 $4.84 $7.48 $6.92 $0.00 $9.01 $11.76 $2.24 Incremental residential
wastewater cost
($/1000gal)
$0.00 $0.53 $5.05 $0.00 $0.53 $5.08 $14.80 $0.00
7 Wasted irrigation water, about 50 percent of flow rate for spray sprinkler bodies (AWE 2016), may be lost to runoff to sanitary sewers, storm sewers, surface water, or deep percolation. The cost avoided from reduced runoff to sanitary sewers and stormwater collection systems or surface waters were not quantified in this analysis because the Energy Commission determines cost-effectiveness from a consumer cost perspective.

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Appendix E – Embedded Electricity Usage Methodology
The following embedded electricity in water values were used in this analysis: 4,848 kilowatts (kWh)/million gallons of water (MG) for indoor water use and 3,565 kWh/MG for outdoor water use.

Embedded electricity use for indoor water use includes electricity used for water extraction, conveyance, treatment to potable quality, water distribution, wastewater collection, and wastewater treatment. Embedded electricity for outdoor water use includes all energy uses upstream of the customer; it does not include wastewater collection or wastewater treatment. The embedded electricity values do not include on-site energy uses for water such as on-site pumping. On-site energy impacts are accounted for in the energy savings estimates presented in this report.

These embedded electricity values were derived from research conducted for CPUC Rulemaking 13-12- 011 (CPUC 2013). The CPUC study aimed to quantify the embedded electricity savings associated with IOU incentive programs that result in water savings, and the findings represent the most up-to-date research by CPUC on embedded energy in water throughout California (CPUC 2015a, 2015b). The CPUC analysis was limited to evaluating the embedded electricity in water and does not include embedded natural gas in water. Since accurate estimates of the embedded natural gas in water were not available at the time of writing, this report does not include estimates of embedded natural gas savings associated with water reductions.

The CPUC embedded electricity values used in the report are shown in Table 28 in units of kWh per acrefoot (AF). These values represent the average energy intensity by hydrologic region, which are based on the historical supply mix for each region regardless of who supplied the electricity (IOU supplied and non-IOU supplied). The CPUC calculated the energy intensity of marginal supply but recommended using the average IOU and non-IOU energy intensity to estimate total statewide average embedded electricity of water use in California.

Table 28: Embedded Electricity in Water by DWR Hydrologic Region Hydrologic
Region
Extraction,
Conveyance,
and Treatment
(kWh/AF)
Distribution
(kWh/AF)
Wastewater
Collection and
Treatment
(kWh/AF)
Outdoor
(Upstream of
Customer)
(kWh/AF)
Indoor (All
Components)
(kWh/AF)
North Coast 235 163 418 398 816
San Francisco Bay 375 318 418 693 1,111
Central Coast 513 163 418 677 1,095
South Coast 1,774 163 418 1,937 2,355
Sacramento River 238 18 418 255 674
San Joaquin River 279 18 418 297 715
Tulare Lake 381 18 418 399 817
North Lahontan 285 18 418 303 721
South Lahontan 837 163 418 1,000 1,418
Colorado River 278 18 418 296 714
Source: CPUC 2015b.

CPUC indoor and outdoor embedded electricity estimates by hydrologic region and population data from the U.S. Census Bureau (separated by hydrologic region) were used to calculate the statewide population-weighted average indoor and outdoor embedded electricity values that were used in this report (see Table 29). The energy intensity values presented in Table 29 were converted from kWh per

2019 Energy and Water Efficiency Ordinance Cost-Effectiveness Study 74 October 2019
AF to kWh per MG to harmonize with the units used in this report. There are 3.07 acre-feet per million gallons.

Table 29: Statewide Population-Weighted Average Embedded Electricity in Water Hydrologic Region Outdoor Water Use
(kWh/MG)
a
Indoor Water Use
(kWh/MG)
b
Percent of California
Populationc
North Coast 1,221 2,504 2.1%
San Francisco Bay 2,127 3,410 18.2%
Central Coast 2,078 3,360 3.8%
South Coast 5,944 7,227 44.8%
Sacramento River 783 2,068 8.1%
San Joaquin River 911 2,194 4.7%
Tulare Lake 1,224 2,507 6.3%
North Lahontan 930 2,213 0.1%
South Lahontan 3,069 4,352 5.5%
Colorado River 908 2,191 6.5%
Statewide Populationweighted Average 3,565 4,848
a,b Source: CPUC 2015b. c Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2014 and California Department of Conservation 2007.

STAFF REPORT
Meeting: City Council - May 03 2022
Agenda Heading: CONSENT CALENDAR
Staff Contact: Michelle Estabillo, City Clerk
Department: City Clerk
Title: Approve the Minutes of the April 5, 2022 Special and Regular City Council Meeting
Recommendation(s):

Staff recommends approval of the minutes of the April 5, 2022 Special and Regular City Council meeting.

Fiscal Impact:

There are no unbudgeted fiscal impacts with this agenda item.

Public Noticing:

The City Council’s agenda was posted at City Hall and the agenda and this report appear on the City’s website.

Attachments:
4-5-22 Special Meeting Minutes DRAFT
4-5-22 Regular Meeting Minutes DRAFT

MONTE SERENO CITY COUNCIL

MEETING MINUTES

SPECIAL MEETING
5:00 p.m.

April 5, 2022

MEETING CALLED TO ORDER
At 5:02 p.m., Mayor Ellahie called the meeting to order.

ROLL CALL

Present: Councilmember Lawler, Councilmember Leuthold, Councilmember Turner, Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk, and Mayor Ellahie

Absent: None
Staff Present: City Manager Leonardis, City Attorney Rudin, and City Clerk Estabillo

ORDERS OF THE DAY
There were no changes.

ADJOURN TO CLOSED SESSION
There were no Public Comment. The City Council adjourned to Closed Session at approximately 5:03 p.m.

CLOSED SESSION

1. (Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957)

PUBLIC EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Title: City Manager

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Title: City Manager

CONFERENCE WITH LABOR NEGOTIATIORS
(Government Code Section 54957.6)
Agency designated representatives: City Attorney
Unrepresented employee: City Manager

RECONVENE TO OPEN SESSION
The City Council reconvened to Open Session at approximately 7:20 p.m. with Mayor Ellahie, Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk, Councilmember Leuthold, and Councilmember Lawler present. (Absent:

Councilmember Turner)

REPORT ON ACTION TAKEN DURING CLOSED SESSION
Mayor Ellahie stated there are no reportable actions.

ADJOURN
The meeting adjourned at approximately 7:04 p.m.

Javed I. Ellahie, Mayor
ATTEST:

Michelle Estabillo, City Clerk

MONTE SERENO CITY COUNCIL

MEETING MINUTES

REGULAR MEETING
7:00 p.m.

April 5, 2022

MEETING CALLED TO ORDER
At approximately 7:05 p.m., Mayor Ellahie called the meeting to order.

ROLL CALL

Present: Councilmember Lawler, Councilmember Turner, Councilmember Leuthold, Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk, and Mayor Ellahie

Absent: None
Staff Present: City Manager Leonardis, City Attorney Rudin, City Engineer Kahn, City Planner Diana Perkins, Deputy City Clerk Gonzalez-Langarica, and City Clerk Radcliffe

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
Mayor Ellahie conducted the Pledge of the Allegiance.

ORDERS OF THE DAY
There were no changes.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Recognition of 2021 STEM Winners from the City of Monte Sereno Mayor Ellahie recognized the 2021 STEM Winners from the City of Monte Sereno.

ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
There were none.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS
There were none.

CONSENT CALENDAR (TO BE ACTED UPON BY A SINGLE MOTION)

1. Approve the March 15, 2022 Special and Regular Meeting Minutes and the March 22, 2022 Special Meeting Minutes

2. Approve the Warrant List Dated April 5, 2022, in the Amount of $546,567.60

3. Accept the Treasurer’s Report for the Period Ending February 28, 2022

4. Accept Revenues and Expenditures Report for the Month of February 2022

4. Accept the LAIF Investment Report for January 2022

5. Accept the Significant Full Year to Date Variances to Budget Narrative for February 2022

6. Accept the Significant Full Year to Date Variances to Budget Narrative for February 2022 MOTION: Motion by Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk to approve the Consent Calendar. Seconded by Councilmember Turner.

VOTE: Motion passed unanimously. (5-0-0)

PUBLIC HEARINGS
There were none.

UNFINISHED BUSINESS

1. Discussion on Design and Construction of the Monte Sereno Community Center Project and Provide Direction to Staff
MOTION: Motion by Councilmember Leuthold to approve the design and construction of the Monte Sereno Community Center project. Seconded by Councilmember Lawler.

VOTE: Motion passed unanimously. (5-0-0)

NEW BUSINESSS

1. Consider and Accept the Fiscal Year 2020-2021 Audit Report MOTION: Motion by Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk to accept the Fiscal Year 2020-2021 Audit Report. Seconded by Councilmember Lawler.

VOTE: Motion passed unanimously. (5-0-0)

2. Accept Status Update on the SeeClickFix Customer Relations Management Software Project

and Provide Direction to Staff
MOTION: Motion by Councilmember Lawler to accept the status update. Seconded by Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk.

VOTE: Motion passed unanimously. (5-0-0)

COMMITTEE/COMMISSION REPORTS
Cities Association Board of Directors: Mayor Ellahie reported that he attended a Closed Session meeting.

Valley Transportation Authority PAC: Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk stated there was nothing to report.

Silicon Valley Animal Control Authority (SVACA): Councilmember Lawler stated there was nothing to report but noted that SVACA is now allowing volunteers back into the facility and is still the number one no-kill shelter in the county.

Silicon Valley Clean Energy: Mayor Ellahie stated that the SVCE is working on a solar farm project and that they are aggressively looking at Reach Code 2.0 to tackle climate change. Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk also noted that he will be meeting with SVCE to discuss providing funding support for the City’s community center.

West Valley Clean Water: Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk stated there will be a special meeting later this week to reconfirm the findings of AB361 and that there is a regular meeting scheduled next month and will report back to the Council then.

West Valley Mayors and Managers Meeting: City Manager Leonardis stated that Senator Cortese attended the meeting and spoke about SB9.

West Valley Sanitation District: Councilmember Turner stated there was nothing to report. She provided an update on Emergency Preparedness and stated that two cameras were installed on Via Cabellero and Quito Road and that Neighborhood Watch signs were delivered at City Hall for installation.

West Valley Solid Waste/Recycling Joint Powers Authority (JPA): Mayor Pro Tempore Mekechuk reported that the JPA is preparing the RFP for the hauling contract and will be issued in the fall. He also reported that he will be joining a ride-along to see how garbage and yard waste is collected.

Valley Water: Councilmember Lawler stated nothing to report.

Youth Commission: Councilmember Lawler stated that the Commission is working on the Social Justice Award and the City Picnic.

Santa Clara County Library Joint Powers Authority: Councilmember Leuthold stated that the next meeting will be held on April 21 and that he will provide an update at the May meeting.

COUNCILMEMBER COMMENTS
There were no comments.

CITY MANAGER’S REPORT
City Manager Leonardis stated that the Neighborhood Watch signs were installed last week in the Via Sereno neighborhood and the Twin Creeks area. He also stated that the Peaceful Mountain Monitor was mailed out. Lastly, City Manager Leonardis announced that the April 19 City Council meeting will be a hybrid meeting and that the public can participate in-person or virtually.

FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
Mayor Ellahie requested that discussion on the City’s participation in the Cities Association be placed on a future agenda in May or June.

Councilmember Lawler requested that discussion on adopting a resolution to change the notice on construction noise to be done in both English and Spanish.

ADJOURN
The meeting adjourned at approximately 9:04 p.m.
__________________________
Javed I. Ellahie, Mayor
ATTEST:
_______________________________
Michelle Estabillo, City Clerk

STAFF REPORT
Meeting: City Council - May 03 2022
Agenda Heading: CONSENT CALENDAR
Staff Contact: Reynold Samoranos,
Department: Finance Manager
Title: Approve Warrant List Dated May 3, 2022 in the Amount of $102,439.61 Recommendation(s):

Staff recommends the City Council approve the Warrant List Background Information:

Fiscal Impact:

There are no unbudgeted fiscal impacts with this agenda item.

Alternatives:

Public Noticing:

The City Council's agenda was posted at City Hall and the agenda and this report appear on the City's website.

Attachments:
2022 05 03 Warrants List

CITY OF MONTE SERENO
REGISTER OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AS OF THESE DATES:

May 3, 2022
CHECK
NO. TO FOR AMOUNT ACCOUNT NO.
19761 Alana Consulting, LLC
Plan Check consulting - 02/28/2022 to
03/27/2022 (Reissued-check #19741
voided)
14,892.50 01-765
19762 ABAG Power
Purchasing Pool Natural gas utilities for City Hall 149.42 01-705 19763 Boy Scouts of America,
Silicon Valley Donation to the Boy Scouts of America 250.00 01-550 19764 City of Saratoga
Finance & Adm
West Valley Clean Water Authority
assessment for FY 2021-22 7,992.00 25-805
19765 CSG Consultants, Inc Code Enforcement Consultant $6.6k and Building Inspector Consultant $4.6k 11,155.00 01-545 01-765 19766 Delta Dental of
California Dental premium insurance 484.48 01-635
19767 Dicar Networks, Inc. Microsoft Office 365 and Exchange software licenses 4,221.00 01-811
19768 Folger Graphics Monte Sereno Quarterly Spring
Newsletter 1,576.86 01-725
19769 Frontier
Communications Landline for City Hall 12.07 01-720
19770 Gloisy GonzalezLangarica
Reimbursement for parking while
attending City Clerk Conference 75.00 01-740
19771 Hillview Design Print
Media Corrective Notice / Rev 4-2022 forms 143.53 01-725 19772 ICMA ICMA Annual Membership for City Clerk 200.00 01-745 19773 KTUA Monte Sereno Bicycle Pedestrian Master
Plan project (CIP-2022-F) 2,462.01 05-905
19774 McKim Corporation La Rinconada Street Improvement Project (CIP-2022-D) 37,441.69 05-870
19775 Municipal Code
Corporation Legal review 1,725.00 01-745
19776 Pacific Gas & Electric
Utilities electricity for City Hall, Annex
Building, Loma Sereno and Rose
Andrews
643.97
01-705
40-935
50-945
19777 RICOH USA, INC. Office copier rental 480.23 01-715 19778 San Jose Water Water for City Hall and Annex Building 462.91 01-705 19779 TL Engineering Daves Neighborhood Improvement
Project (CIP-2022-C) 12,910.00 05-870
19780 Dicar Networks, Inc. WatchGuard Total Security Suite for Firebox M270 software license 5,161.94 01-811
Total $102,439.61

I, REYNOLD SAMORANOS, FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATION OFFICER DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE

PROCEEDING ACCOUNTS HAVE BEEN CHECKED AND FOUND CORRECT TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF.

STAFF REPORT
Meeting: City Council - May 03 2022
Agenda Heading: CONSENT CALENDAR
Staff Contact: Steve Leonardis,
Department: City Manager
Title: Reinstatement and First Amendment to Agreement for Professional Services with Gkw Architects, Inc. (GKW) for Architectural Services For the Monte Sereno Community Center Project in the Amount Not to Exceed $70,000
Recommendation(s):

Staff recommends that City Council authorize the City Manager to reinstate and amend the June 2020 agreement with Gkw Architects, Inc. (GKW) for architectural services for the Monte Sereno Community Center Project in the amount of $70,000.

Background Information:

The Monte Sereno Community Center Project (Project) proposes the following improvements to the Annex Building on the City Hall site:
• Interior building remodeling
• Installation of an outdoor patio
• Installation of solar panels and battery storage
The Project does not currently encompass modifications or improvements to the parking lot, landscaping, or vehicle charging station.

The City awarded a contract to Gkw Architects, Inc. (GKW) on June 16, 2020 to prepare Plans, Specifications and Estimate for the Project. The term of the contract was for approximately six months in an amount not-to-exceed $24,500. Approximately $63,000 has been expended under this contract; the contract term ended as of October 30, 2020.

City staff issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for Project construction in August of 2021. On September 7, 2021 staff presented the bid results to Council. Council declined to award a contract for Project construction. On April 5, 2022 Council directed staff to modify the project plans per the recommendations of the Finance Ad Hoc Committee and re-bid the project.

Analysis:

Staff proposes to reinstate and extend the term of the prior approved agreement to March 31, 2023. This allows for modifications to the Project plans through final construction of the Project. Compensation not to exceed $70,000 reflects the expected amount of effort by GKW to make recommended modifications to current plans for bidding purposes and any modifications that may be needed during construction.

Fiscal Impact:

The proposed professional services contract with GKW is in an amount not to exceed $70,000, approximately $7,000 more that what has already been expended on the Project since FY19-

20. In FY21-22 has $600,000 budgeted in Fund 01-920 for the overall Project design and construction. As of the mid-year budget report, $598,505 remains in the fund.

Public Noticing:

The City Council’s agenda was posted at City Hall and the agenda and this report appear on the City’s website.

Attachments:

Agreement with Gkw Architects, Inc.

Expired Agreement with Gkw Architects, Inc. – dated May 22, 2020

OAK #4885-2106-5499 v1
07902-0001
DRAFT 4/12/22
1 REINSTATEMENT AND FIRST AMENDMENT TO

AGREEMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
This Reinstatement and First Amendment to Agreement for Professional Services (“Amendment”) is made and entered into as of May 3, 2022, by and between the City of Monte Sereno, a California municipal corporation, hereinafter referred to as “City”, and GKW Architects, Inc., a California corporation, hereinafter referred to as “Consultant”.

RECITALS
A. City and Consultant entered into that certain Agreement for Professional Services, dated May 27, 2020, (the “Agreement”) to retain Consultant for certain professional architectural services as set forth in that Agreement.

B. The City desires that the Consultant continue performing professional services set forth in the Agreement
C. The term of the Agreement states that it was until October 30, 2020, however, the parties continued to perform their respective duties under the Agreement subject to its express termination.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the recitals and the mutual promises contained herein, City and Consultant agree as follows:

AGREEMENT

1. Reinstatement of Agreement. The parties hereby agree to reinstate the Agreement, ratify and affirm the actions performed by each party subject prior to the date of this Amendment, and deem that the Agreement shall be considered to have been in effect from its commencement until the date of this Amendment, subject to its terms and conditions, and continuing under such terms and conditions except as expressly modified herein by this Amendment.

2. Amendment of Section 4. Section 4 of the Agreement is hereby modified to read in its entirety:

4. Time of Performance and Term: The services of Consultant are to commence upon execution of this Agreement and shall continue until all authorized work is approved by the City. The term of this Agreement shall be until March 31, 2023. Time is of the essence in the performance of this Agreement. No waiver by either party hereto of

OAK #4885-2106-5499 v1
07902-0001
DRAFT 4/12/22
2 the nonperformance or any breach of any term, provision, or condition of this Agreement, or any default hereunder shall be considered to be or operate as a waiver of any subsequent nonperformance, breach or default.

3. Amendment of Section 5. Section 5 of the Agreement is hereby modified to read in its entirety:

5. Compensation: Compensation for services performed as set forth in Section 3 shall be at an hourly rate, based on the following rate schedule:

Architect: $80 /hr
Project Manager: $60 /hr
Draftsman: $50 /hr
However, in no event shall total compensation under the Agreement as modified by this Amendment exceed $ 70,000 and all such additional work shall be at Consultant’s sole risk. Periodic payments to Consultant shall be made upon submittal of invoices by Consultant to City for review and approval by the City Manager. Invoices will be paid by City within a reasonable time after the invoices are received and approved. For purposes of this Agreement, a 30 day period shall be deemed a reasonable period.

WITNESS WHEREOF this Agreement is executed by City and by Consultant:

CONSULTANT: CITY OF MONTE SERENO:

______________________________ ____________________________________ By: Steve Leonardis, City Manager
APPROVED AS TO FORM: ATTEST:
______________________________ ____________________________________ Sergio Rudin, City Attorney Michelle Radcliffe, City Clerk

AGREEMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
This Agreement for ProfessionalServices(“Agrcement")is made and enteredinto as of _¢{,5«_~15,3 , 2020, by and betweenthe City of Monte Serene, a Californiamunicipal corporation.hereinafter referred to as “City”, and , a California corporation(staffto check legal entity type and corporate status with Secretary of State), hereinafter‘referredto as “Consultant".

RECITALS
A. City desires to retain Consultantfor certain professionalservices as set forth in this Agreement.

B. Consultant is specially trained,experiencedand competent to perform the specialservices whichwill be requiredby this Agreement.

C. Consultant possessesthe skill, ability, background, certificationand knowledge to provide the servicesdescribedin this Agreement on the terms andconditionsdescribedherein.

NOW, THEREFORE.in considerationof the recitals and the mutual promisescontained herein, City and Consultant agree as follows:

AGREEMENT

1. Scope. City agrees to, and hereby does, retain Consultant to perform the professional services as outlined in the Scope of Work attached hereto and incorporatedherein as ExhibitA.

Consultant’s work productshall be performed pursuant to generallyaccepted standardsof practice in effect at the time of performance.

2. Responsible Personnel: City has relied upon the professionaltraining and ability of Consultant to perform the services hereunder as a material inducement to enter into this Agreement. Primary personnelresponsible for Consultant’s completionof the work describedin this Agreement shall be Qoggah) gum‘ ?geulrtaq.

3. Scope of Work: Consultantshall performthe services as speci?ed in ExhibitA in a professionalmanner. Consultantwill not undertakeany work that will incur costs in excess of the amount set forth in this paragraphwithout prior written amendmentto this Agreement.