Fact Sheet 2: Strategy Toolbox
This fact sheet summarizes the types of strategies that could be considered when addressing compatibility
issues. It was used to facilitate discussions with the
PWG, the TWG, the public, and other stakeholders
regarding potential mitigation actions to be developed
and implemented.
Fact Sheet 3: Executive Summary
Brochure
The final fact sheet summarizes the CUS and key
strategies. This brochure can be used as a handout
at meetings to provide information on the project or
distributed through the media to increase awareness
and support for the CUS and follow-on actions
during the implementation phase. This brochure was
provided with the final Study.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 53, Packet Page 245 2-14 Final Administrative Draft Stakeholder Engagement
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ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 54, Packet Page 246 Final Administrative Draft 3-1
Military Installations Overview
This chapter provides an overview of the physical setting, military history, and current operations at the military installations in the Study Area. Identifying and describing the various activities performed on the military installations provides valuable insight into the importance of the military as both a strong community partner and a national strategic asset. This information will help stakeholders make informed decisions regarding future development and economic growth in their communities, which may be influenced by installation activities owing to their relative proximity. These decisions may affect the continued existence and future role of the installation.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 55, Packet Page 247 3-2 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview Inside Chapter 3…
3.1. History of Military Installations in the Region..... 3-2
3.2. Military Economic Importance .......................... 3-2
3.3. Installation Overview....................................... 3-4
3.4. Military History ............................................. 3-18
3.1. History of Military
Installations in the
Monterey Region
The military has a long and continued presence in
the Monterey region since Spain set up the first
permanent military presence in 1770. The Spanish
military presence led to settlement in the region,
often spurred by Spanish veterans.
Although short-lived, the Navy can lay claim to
being the first United States military service to
establish a presence in Monterey in 1846. The Army
supplanted the Navy one year later in 1847 and
remained there until after the Civil War.
The Army returned in 1902 and has remained, first
re-establishing the Presidio and later founding Fort
Ord, Fort Hunter Liggett, and Camp Roberts on the
eve of World War II.
It took just over a century for the Navy to return in
1946 when Congress approved the purchase of the
famous Del Monte Hotel to become the future home
of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS).
That same year, the Army founded its first language
school. Both services have remained and become
an integral part of the region’s history, as well as its economy.
3.2. Military Economic
Importance
The military provides a significant economic
contribution to the Monterey Bay and Central Coast
region through direct spending, as well as through
direct and indirect employment and job creation.
Economic Impact
Military installations in the region provide stable
economic activities. Monterey County ranks seventh
among California’s 58 counties in total military
employment and sixth in percentage of county
employment in the military.
Additionally, the military is the fifth largest industry in the county behind agriculture and food products,
accommodation and food services, retail, and health
care. Figure 3.1 shows the economic impact of the
military installations in the Study Area.
Figure 3.1 Economic Impact of Military
Installations in the Study Area
Contributions of the Military to the Monterey County Economy, prepared for Monterey Bay Defense Alliance (MBDA),
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, 2020
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Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 56, Packet Page 248 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 3-3 Military Installations Overview
Employment Impact
According to a 2020 Monterey Bay Defense
Alliance economic impact report, military
installations in the region employ a significant
number of military personnel and civilians. Many
wide-ranging civilian professional jobs and career
paths in the region support military missions. As
shown on Figure 3.2, 15,700 people are employed
by the military in the region, including 5,100
permanent active-duty military personnel, 6,200
temporary active-duty station military personnel, and
4,400 civilian employees.
Within the Study Area, military, and
military-induced employment
account for:
n 7% of total employment
n 6% of earnings
Figure 3.2 Employment Impacts of Military
Installations in the Study Area
Source: MBDA, 2020
Additionally, skilled military personnel and their
families retire in the region and go on to make longterm community contributions. The community has 6,600 dependents of active-duty military personnel
and almost 5,000 military retirees and dependents,
as shown on Figure 3.3.
Figure 3.3 Military-Related Populations of Military
Installations in the Study Area
Source: MBDA, 2020
In addition to local economic and employment
impacts from the presence of military installations,
the region benefits from the presence of the Major
General William H. Gourley VA-DoD Outpatient
Clinic and Veteran Transition Center of California
both located in Marina.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 57, Packet Page 249 3-4 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview
3.3. Installations
Overview
North County
Military installations in the North County Study Area
include the Presidio of Monterey (POM), Defense
Manpower Data Center (DMDC) Monterey Bay, and
Naval Support Activity Monterey (NSAM). The
following sections describe each of these
military installations.
Presidio of Monterey
United States Army
POM is the Army’s installation in Monterey,
providing high-quality base operations support to:
n Defense Language Institute – Foreign
Language Center (DLIFLC)
n Defense Manpower Data Center
n 514th Signal Company, U.S. Army Satellite
Communications at Camp Roberts
POM is an active Army installation consisting of 392
acres located in the city of Monterey. Its garrison
owns 144 buildings and leases 64, with over 2
million square feet configured to satisfy a broad
range of needs. It has been an Army garrison since
1846 when the U.S. government assumed control of
present-day California. Today, POM maintains a
close working relationship with the City of Monterey
through its groundbreaking Intergovernmental
Service Agreement (IGSA). The IGSA has been
1 Monterey Regional CUS Installation Brief
widely used as a model throughout the Department
of Defense.
In addition to purpose-built facilities to support
academic, applied instruction, specialized
language, and cultural immersion programs for
DLIFLC, POM hosts a Sensitive Compartmentalized
Information Facility.
1 POM also provides installation
oversight and management of the Ord Military
Community (OMC) and supports the DMDC, as well
as the U.S. Army Satellite Communications facility at
Camp Roberts.
POM is in Monterey County in the City of Monterey,
California, on the Pacific Coast approximately 120
miles south of San Francisco. It is located on the
Monterey Peninsula and adjacent to downtown
Monterey. The location is shown on Figure 3.4.
Mission
The U.S. Army Garrison, Presidio of Monterey,
delivers base operations services and support to the
people it serves. Its first priority is to enhance
readiness.
POM Tenant Organizations
The following are the tenant organizations at POM:
n 229th Military Intelligence Battalion, United
States Army Training and Doctrine Command
n 517th Training Group, 17th Training Wing
n Criminal Investigation Command
n Information Warfare Training Command
Monterey, Center for Information Warfare
Training
n Marine Corps Detachment
n Mission and Installation Contracting Command
U.S. Army Reserve Doc West
Established in 1846, the Presidio is the
Department of Defense’s 13th oldest installation.
It hosts the National Virtual Translation Center,
providing real-time translation to meet global
and national security needs.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 58, Packet Page 250 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 3-5 Military Installations Overview
Figure 3.4 Presidio of Monterey Location
Defense Language Institute Defense Language Institute
Naval
Post Graduate
School Presidio of
Monterey
Monterey
Pacific Grove
¬«68
¬«1
Asilomar
Forest
Prescott Pacific Grove Carmel
Taylor
Martin
Camino ElEst ero
Webster
Franklin
Sunridge
Abrego
Gayuba
Aguajito
BarnetSe g al
Camino Agua jito
Sinex
Eardley
Cass
Sloat
Jefferson
Fremont
Hawthorne
Pearl
El D orado
Cannery
Pine
Soledad
Sunset
Del Monte
Central
Iris Canyon
Munras
Ocean View
Congress
Lopez
Pac ific
M ar Vista
David
Lighthouse
Skyline
17 Mile
Legend
Department of Defense
City Limits
Source: Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS.
City of Monterey
0 ¼ ½
Miles
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 59, Packet Page 251 3-6 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center
DLIFLC is an Army training school located on POM.
It provides culturally informed foreign language
education, training, evaluation, and degrees for the
DoD to foster comprehensive understanding of joint
operational environments, give a competitive edge
to war fighters, and safeguard the security of the
United States.
Once called the Army Language School, DLFLIC
became the Defense Language Institute in 1963
when it began providing additional DoD services.
2 Its mission is to, "provide exquisite, culturally based foreign language education, training, evaluation,
and degrees for the Department of Defense,
globally, to afford a comprehensive understanding
of the joint operational environment, a competitive
edge to our warfighters, and safeguard the national
security of the United States.”3
As an Associate of
Arts Degree and certificate-granting Institution,
DLIFLC is wholly committed to student service
member success.
DLFLIC provides education in 65 languages. In total,
it awards 800 associate degrees annually. Its
educational services and resources include
language proficiency and speaking tests and online
language materials that hundreds of students use
annually.
4 In addition to its resident program serving
approximately 3,500 students from all services,
DLIFLC supports non-resident programs and 25
point-of-need detachments worldwide to ensure
language expertise throughout military members’
careers. The DLIFIC workforce is
approximately 8,500.
2 Monterey Bay Defense Alliance
3 www.dliflc.edu/about/mission-vision
Defense Personnel and Security Research Center
The Defense Personnel and Security Research
Center (PERSEREC) is part of the Defense Human
Resource Activity and is tasked with improving the
effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of DoD
personnel suitability, security, and reliability
systems. The research center was founded in 1986
to improve security policies for national
security personnel.
PERSEREC helps DoD secure and retain a trusted
population of military, civilian, and industrial
employees who are security-motivated and fully
aware of their security responsibilities and of foreign intelligence threats. Researchers at PERSEREC
conduct applied research and development to
improve policy and practice; conduct programmatic
research for the human resource management,
security, and intelligence communities; provide
studies and analyses to support policy formation;
disseminate research to policymakers and
practitioners; and develop systems and aids for
policymakers, managers, and practitioners
concerned with personnel suitability, security, and
reliability.
5 In short, PERSEREC supports DoD
selection of individuals to work on national security
matters and hold clearances for access to classified
information and other national security assets. Its
total workforce is approximately 40.
4Monterey Regional CUS Installation briefing
5 https://www.dhra.mil/perserec/
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Ord Military Community
OMC is an Army satellite installation of POM that is
located on the former Fort Ord and provides
housing and community services to military
personnel and families permanently assigned to
POM — whether living at OMC or in nearby
communities. OMC is situated between Marina and
Seaside northwest of Monterey. OMC sits on 836
acres and has 56 buildings, including the Presidio
Fire Station and defense commissary, along with
privatized military housing.
6Monterey Regional CUS Installation Briefing
The base is separated from the Pacific Ocean by
Highway 1 and adjoins California State University,
Monterey Bay. The location is shown on Figure 3.5.
OMC maintains 1,692 housing units that serve
roughly 4,000 residents. Services and amenities
provided to the community include a recreation
center with pool, commissary, community center,
post exchange, child development center, youth
activity center,
and chapel.
6 ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 61, Packet Page 253 3-8 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview Figure 3.5 Ord Military Community and Defense Manpower Data Center Location Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Ord Military
Community
Marina
Sand City Seaside
¬«1
Mingo
Light Fighter
Yosemite
Del Monte
Fremont
Noche Buena
San Pablo
Broadway
Military
La Salle
South
Source: Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS.
City of Monterey
0 ¼ ½
Miles
Legend
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 62, Packet Page 254 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 3-9 Military Installations Overview
Defense Manpower Data Center
Monterey Bay
The DMDC Monterey Bay is a DoD organization and
the second largest of seven DMDC activities in the
U.S. and overseas. DMDC was founded in 1971 to
provide personnel record services and is
responsible for managing personnel, manpower,
training, financial, and other data for the DoD. The
DMDC tracks the history of military personnel and
their families for health care purposes, retirement
benefits, and other administrative needs.
DMDC’s primary business lines are decision
support; entitlements, benefits, and readiness
reporting; personnel identification, validation, and
authentication; and enterprise integration. The
Monterey DMDC provides the following to the DoD:
n Joint information sharing and support for
human resources concerns
n A source for identifying, authenticating,
authorizing, and providing information on
personnel during and after their affiliation with
the military
n A central access point for information and
assistance on military entitlements, benefits,
and medical readiness
7 Monterey Regional CUS Installation Briefing
Naval Support Activity Monterey
United States Navy
NSAM is the Navy’s shore installation in Monterey
and provides support and facilities management for
approximately 160 buildings on 627 acres of Navy
property throughout the region. The three primary
NSAM facilities are shown on Figure 3.6.
Mission
The mission of NSAM is to provide high-quality base
operations support to:
n Naval Postgraduate School
n Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology
(NRL/MRY) Division
n Fleet Numerical Meteorology Division
NSAM responsibilities include operational support;
public safety; environmental compliance and
conservation; facility management, sustainment,
restoration, and modernization; and quality of
life services.
NSAM includes La Mesa Housing Complex, which
has 667 housing units, houses 1,760 residents, and
includes amenities such as a recreation center.
7 Its
workforce is approximately 260.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 63, Packet Page 255 3-10 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview Figure 3.6 Naval Support Activity Monterey Location
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex
Beach Lab
Monterey
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
Canyon Del Rey
Casa Verde
Jefferson
3rd
Euclid
Franklin
Tyler
Broadway
Hilby
Airport
Camino El E stero
Webster
Cannery
Abrego
Munras
Montecito
Barnet Segal
Sloat
Fairground
Camino Aguajito
Fremont
Cass
Pearl
El Dorado
Casanova
Mark Thomas
Del Monte
Lighthouse
Pacific
Iris Canyon
Garden
Josse lyn Canyon
Aguajito
Legend
Department of Defense Property
Monterey Airport Property -
Leased by the U.S. Navy
City Limits
0 ¼ ½
Miles
Source: Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS.
City of Monterey
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 64, Packet Page 256 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 3-11 Military Installations Overview
Naval Postgraduate School
The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is a longstanding naval institution located at NSA Monterey.
It is responsible for providing relevant and unique
advanced education and research programs to
increase the combat effectiveness of commissioned
naval officers to enhance the security of the United
States. NPS has been on the peninsula since 1947
when Congress authorized the purchase of the Hotel
Del Monte for an independent naval academy to
advance naval science and technology. The mission
of NPS is to provide defense-focused graduate
education, including classified studies and
interdisciplinary research, and to advance the
operational effectiveness, technological leadership,
and war fighting advantage of the naval service.
NPS maintains a student population of roughly
1,500, consisting mainly of active-duty officers from
all branches of the U.S. military, although DoD
civilians and members of foreign militaries can also
attend under a variety of programs. NPS offers
graduate programs through four graduate schools
and twelve departments, awarding master’s and
doctoral degrees. NPS focuses on joint service and
allied training, integration, and partnering, making it a critical agent for global security and national
defense.
Today, NPS is the largest producer of graduate
degrees for the DoD. Its workforce is
approximately 2,950.
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory at NSA
Monterey, a division of the Navy’s Corporate
Laboratory in Washington, D.C., is home to
scientists and engineers who research immediate
and long-range applications in support of national
defense. NRL/MRY conducts a broad-based
multidisciplinary program of scientific research and
advanced technological development directed
toward environmental information superiority for the
Navy/Marine Corps and DoD. Much of its work
directly supports weather and ocean prediction
models, tactical decision aids, and weather satellite
processing software at Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). Many
NRL/MRY scientists lead or are key contributors to
national and international organizations, interagency
programs, federal agencies and institutes, American
Meteorological Society committees, and professional
journals. Its total workforce is approximately 150.
Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
The FNMOC provides meteorology support to U.S.
joint and coalition forces. FNMOC is the Navy’s
operational weather and ocean prediction center,
producing weather and ocean forecasts and weather
satellite imagery in support of naval operations
worldwide. FNMOC operates one of the most
powerful supercomputer centers in the world and
serves as a Defense Information System Agency
network node. FNMOC’s global, regional, and
tropical numerical weather prediction models,
developed by NRL/MRY, are among the best in the
world. Its workforce is approximately 175.
Defense Resource Management Institute
The Defense Resource Management Institute (DRMI)
provides training and educational programs for the
DoD and partner organizations. Programs at DRMI
focus on budgeting, performance management,
resource management, and data.
The Naval Postgraduate School provides over 60
master’s and 18 doctoral degree programs in all
areas of national security, including
international studies, business, cybersecurity,
and operations research.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 65, Packet Page 257 3-12 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview South County
The military installations in the South County Study
Area are Fort Hunter Liggett (FHL) and Camp
Roberts. The following sections describe each of
these military installations.
Fort Hunter Liggett
United State Army Reserve Command
Fort Hunter Liggett is a U.S. Army Reserve
Command installation situated in the south of
Monterey County.
Mission
The mission of FHL is to provide a modern,
sustainable training environment while enhancing
the quality of life for service members, civilians, and families. The garrison at FHL also maintains
installation oversight for the Parks Reserve Forces
Training Area located near Dublin, California.
The remote, rugged, and varied terrain and
Mediterranean climate at FHL provide unique
conditions for military training and testing. This
helps to make the installation an asset for future
military land use needs. FHL provides training for
combat support and combat service support units of
the Army Reserve, as well as training opportunities
to all branches of the U.S. military and to allied
nations. It is exceptionally well suited to host largescale joint exercises. Its major tenant organizations include a variety of training and logistics units.
FHL provides the significant capability of integrating
evolving unmanned aerial and ground vehicle
operations with ground combat operational doctrine
and tactics. FHL provides military strategic
importance by:
n Providing world-class combat support and
combat service support training for the Army
n Offering 164,000 acres of undisturbed
mountains, valleys, rivers, plains, and forests
that provide ideal training areas for joint land
and air operations
n Hosting more than 41,000 soldiers, sailors,
airmen, Marines, and allied forces for training
annually
FHL is approximately 134 miles south of San Jose
and 81 miles south of Monterey. The installation is
bounded on the north by the Salinas Valley, on the
east by the Santa Lucia Mountains, on the south by
the Monterey/San Luis Obispo County line, and on
the west by the Los Padres National Forest. The
location of FHL is shown on Figure 3.7.
Fort Hunter Liggett is the largest Army Reserve
installation in the United States and was
recognized by the Department of Defense in
2019 as a leader in sustainability and resiliency.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 3.7 Fort Hunter Liggett Location
King City
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
Martinus
Corner
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
£¤101
Airline
Spreckels
Central
Metz
Bitterwater
Lockwood Jolon
Oasis
Lockwood San
Lucas
Cattlemen
Jo ol n
Interlake
Nacimiento Road
Legend
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
Major Road
0 1 2 3 4
Miles Source: Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 67, Packet Page 259 3-14 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview Training Support Capabilities
The following is a list of FHL training capabilities,
assets, and attributes:
n Certified training area for DoD Joint capabilities
n Remote and isolated location
n Troop aid station
n Equipment concentration site
n One of two Mediterranean analog training sites
n Five-mile convoy live-fire range
n Landing strip for C-17/C-30
n Thirty-six heliports and 33 drop zones with
restricted airspace to 24,000 feet
n Strategic partnership with Camp Roberts
n A 25-mile, federally-owned tank trail to
Camp Roberts
n An explosive impact area that supports surface
maneuvers and live-fire exercises
n A weapons qualifications range
n Four tactical assembly areas
n Two urban training sites
n Institutional training with a capacity for
approximately 4,000 students annually
Host and Tenant Organizations
The following are the host and tenant organizations
at FHL:
n 91st Training Division (Operations)
n Logistics Readiness Center
n 80th Training Command
n 3-356th Logistics Support Battalion/189th
Combined Arms Training Brigade
n 31st Seabee Readiness Group
n Army Corps of Engineers
n Network Enterprise Center
ATTACHMENT 1
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Camp Roberts Maneuver Training Center
California Army National Guard
Camp Roberts is an Army National Guard (ARNG)
installation that provides facility and installation
support throughout California, enabling and
improving readiness to support unit missions for the
National Guard.
Mission
The National Guard is unique in that it serves both
federal (national response) and state (domestic
response) missions. The mission of the California
ARNG is to organize, train, equip, and resource
community-based land forces. On order, the ARNG
mobilizes to support state and/or federal authority.
8 Likewise, Camp Roberts has a dual federal-state
installation mission as well. It supports California
ARNG unit training and readiness requirements by
maintaining and operating its Maneuver Training
Center (MTC) to support the training of California
ARNG and other National Guard units. Camp
Roberts also provides its MTC engineering, logistics,
training, and operational support capabilities at the
federal level to joint military forces and reserve
components to include the U.S. Army Satellite
Communications Station. Camp Roberts also
provides base support to the California Department
of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE) and the
U.S. Forest Service during training and wildfire
response events.
8 https://calguard.ca.gov/army/
Camp Roberts has key assets that support the
California Army National Guard, including:
n 43,000 acres suitable for brigade-size training
units
n State-of-the-art ranges that integrate live-fire with virtual training simulation
n Support for Joint force, Army aviation, and
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle training
n Two chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear,
and high-yield explosive response force
training sites
n The U.S. Army’s Satellite Communications
station
Camp Roberts is situated in northern San Luis
Obispo and southern Monterey counties and covers
42,000 acres. While the area surrounding Camp
Roberts is primarily agricultural, the city of Paso
Robles is located about 12 miles south of the
installation. A few unincorporated communities are
also located nearby in San Luis Obispo County. The
location of Camp Roberts is shown on Figure 3.8.
Camp Roberts is the largest National Guard
training and mobilization facility on the West
Coast and protects threatened and endangered
species such as the San Joaquin kit fox and
Swainson’s hawk.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 69, Packet Page 261 3-16 Final Administrative Draft Military Installations Overview Figure 3.8 Camp Roberts Location
Camp Roberts
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
Bradley
Lake
Nacimiento
Oak
Shores
San Miguel
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso de
Robles (Paso
Robles)
£¤101
¬«46
Linne
Vine
Wellsona
Spring
Vineyard
Mission
Creston
Airport
San Marcos
Hare
Canyon
Union
Estrella
Interlake
Adelaida
Jolon
Vineyard Canyon
River
Sargents
Ind ai n Valley
Nacimiento
Lake
Legend
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
El Paso de Robles (Paso
Robles)
Unincorporated Community
Source: Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS.
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
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Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 70, Packet Page 262 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 3-17 Military Installations Overview
Host and Tenant Organizations
n Garrison Headquarters, which provides full‐time
military and civilian personnel for installation
operations
n U.S. Army Information Systems Command
Satellite Communications Station with the
mission of operating and maintaining satellite
ground terminals and technical control facilities
and providing a telecommunication center
n 40th Infantry Division, which performs the
federal mission of conducting pre‐mobilization
and post‐mobilization training. It mobilizes on
short notice to deploy, fight, and win on any
battlefield and conducts stability and support
operations including state missions
n Central Issuing Facility, administered by the
United States Property and Fiscal Office for
California, is where supplies and equipment
are stored, managed, and issued to National
Guardsmen throughout the state
n Maneuver Area Training Equipment Site with
the primary mission of maintaining equipment,
including over 1,200 tracked vehicles that are
used year‐round for weekend drills and annual
training exercises
n Regional Training Maintenance Site, which
provides pre-deployment training to reservists
on the operation and maintenance of
equipment, including wheeled and track
vehicles, as well as repair military occupational
specialty courses
n Training Support Center, which provides
training aids, including Multiple Integrated
Laser Engagement Systems equipment, as well
as audiovisual and photographic support to
units in California and Nevada
Training Areas and Ranges
Camp Roberts is made up of multiple ranges and
training areas. In all, Camp Roberts comprises
42,000 acres split between an 8,000-acre dudded
impact area, a 36,000-acre maneuver space, 23
live-fire ranges, 2 airstrips (an assault strip and
McMillan Airfield), and 4 drop zones.
The impact area is where weapons firing occurs and
has the largest concentration of firing ranges. This
area supports limited vehicle maneuver operations,
restricted troop maneuver zones, and an observation
point and radar site.
Camp Roberts has two heliports for air operations.
Such air operations include landing and pickup
exercises, transportation and maneuvering of
vehicles, and airborne parachute drops. Parachute
drops occur at the Nacimiento Drop Zone near the
middle of the installation and at the Twin Brothers
Drop Zone in the southeastern portion.
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3.4. Military Chronology
Presidio of Monterey
n 1770 – Captain Don Gaspar de Portola lays the
foundation for the Presidio Real de Monterey
on his overland expedition of Upper California.
n 1846 – The U.S. Navy assumes control of
present-day California from the Mexican
government. A small garrison of Marines and
seaman was left at the fort to improve defenses
to better protect the town and harbor.
n 1847 – The U.S. Army relieves the Navy and
establishes Fort Mervine, which later becomes
the Monterey Ordinance Depot.
n 1902 – During the end of the Philippine
Insurrection, the Army realizes a need for
additional forts, particularly on the West Coast,
and establishes Monterey Military Reservation.
n 1903 – The fort is officially renamed Ord
Barracks before being renamed again to
Presidio of Monterey to honor the original
Spanish castillo.
n 1940 – POM becomes temporary headquarters
for the Army’s III Corps.
n 1946 – POM becomes home to the Army
Language School with a focus on Russian,
Chinese, Korean, Arabic, and six other
languages.
n 1947-1948 – The school expands rapidly to
meet the requirements of America’s global
commitments during the Cold War. Instructors,
including native speakers of more than 30
languages and dialects, are recruited from all
over the world.
n 1950-1953 – During and after the Korean War,
the school develops a national reputation for
excellence in foreign language education.
n 1963 – The foreign language programs are
consolidated into the Defense Foreign
Language Program, now known as Defense
Language Institute Foreign Language Center.
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Ord Military Community
n 1917 – The War Department purchases 15,610
acres of land as a training area for POM’s
garrison and names it Gigling Reservation.
n 1933 – The Army constructs a Civilian
Conservation Corps camp and names it Camp
Ord in memory of Major General Edward Ord.
n 1940 – Gigling Reservation is renamed
Fort Ord. During World War II, Fort Ord
expands to more than 30,000 acres and is
used to train troops during World War II. At its
peak, the fort holds 50,000 soldiers.
n After World War II – Fort Ord becomes a basic
training post, which continues through the
Korean and Vietnam Wars until 1976.
n 1994 – Fort Ord is closed by a Base
Realignment and Closure decision and begins
transferring property to other agencies.
n 1994 – The Army retains 794 acres for family
housing and support facilities, called the
Presidio of Monterey Annex.
n 1994 – California State University, Monterey
Bay, founded on the former Fort Ord.
n 2000 – The Army renames the area again to
Ord Military Community to honor Major
General Ord.
Naval Postgraduate School
n World War II – A commission is established to
review the role of graduate education in
the Navy.
n End of World War II – It becomes apparent
that the Naval Postgraduate School at the Naval
Academy at Annapolis will be insufficient for
the Navy’s future needs.
n 1947 – Congress authorizes the purchase of
the Hotel Del Monte, a large hotel in Monterey,
and 627 acres of surrounding land for use as
an independent campus for the school.
n 1951 – The school moves into its new facilities,
rapidly expanding its footprint with new
buildings and invigorating in the Navy’s efforts
to advance naval science and technology.
Naval Support Activity Monterey
n 2010 – NSA Monterey was established as a
Commander, Naval Installations Command
asset on September 30, 2010
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n 1850 – The newly formed California
legislature creates the California militia.
n 1928 – The California Militia becomes the
California National Guard.
n 1934 – The need for a training site leads
to the creation of Camp Merriam in
San Luis Obispo.
n 1940 – Camp Merriam is renamed
Camp San Luis Obispo when the Army begins
training at the site.
n 1940 – The U.S. government leases
Camp San Luis Obispo from the State. The
compound is home to the 40th Infantry
Division, which includes units from Arizona,
California, and Utah. Other infantry divisions
follow, increasing the camp’s size to almost
5,000 acres. The Army adds 4,170 acres
along the Salinas River.
9 https://camprobertshistoricalmuseum.com/history-of-thebase/#:~:text=Throughout%20World%20War%20II%2C%20Camp,qu artered%20in%20huge%20tent%20cities.
n 1940 – Camp Roberts is established at the
outbreak of World War II.
n Camp Roberts quickly develops into an
Army training facility as tent cities spring up
to house tens of thousands of recruits. Mess
halls, barracks, warehouses, and chapels
soon surround the grounds.
n World War II – Camp Roberts is the largest
U.S. Army basic training installation in the
nation, with over 436,000 troops passing
through its intense training regimen.9
n 1970 – The Army officially closes
Camp Roberts.
n 1971 – California Army National Guard
receives control of the camp under license from
the Army to establish a Reserve Component
training and mobilization facility.
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Fort Hunter Liggett
n 1940 – In anticipation of training soldiers for
combat on World War II European fronts, the
War Department purchases over 200,000
acres of local ranch lands between the
Salinas Valley and the Pacific Ocean.
n 1941 – The installation is named for
Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett (1857-1935).
n 1975 – The installation is renamed
Fort Hunter Liggett Military Installation.
n 1993 – The installation comes under U.S. Army
Reserve Command after the closure of
Fort Ord.
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Community Overview
This chapter provides information about the surrounding communities that participated in the Compatible Use Study.
These communities include Monterey County, San Luis
Obispo County, 19 established cities, and six Native
American tribes.
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Inside Chapter 4…
4.1 Community and Military Relationship................ 4-3
4.2 North County Study Area ................................ 4-6
4.3 South County Study Area .............................. 4-30 As a caveat to identifying vital land use
compatibility components, it is important to
capture and describe certain demographic
characteristics of these communities to assert
a baseline context from which informed
decisions can be made when assessing
compatibility strategies. The goal is to provide
information that enables stakeholders to
understand population and development
trends that have the potential to affect the
future of Monterey area military installations.
This information is intended to be considered
with other factors to help decision-makers
generate coherent, informed planning
policies and make decisions about future
development and economic growth to
mitigate compatibility issues. The objective of
this chapter is to foster an understanding of
the types of activities occurring “outside the
fence” when considering future missions
and operations.
Information presented includes population
trends, housing trends, economic trends,
current development, transportation, and
natural resources in the region to better
appreciate the communities in the CUS
Project Area and their relationship to
Monterey Area military installations. The
jurisdictions covered include Monterey
County, San Luis Obispo County, and the
Cities of Del Rey Oaks, Marina, Monterey,
Pacific Grove, Seaside, King City, and
Paso Robles.
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4.1. Community and
Military
Relationship
The local communities provide housing, amenities,
and critical infrastructure that support the
installations. Conversely, the military installations
provide significant amounts of economic impact to
local economies through their operations in the
region, including direct payroll spending, personal
spending in the community, development, and
construction contracts, to name a few.
The intertwined nature of the military installations in the North County and South County Study Areas
and the built-up urban environment surrounding
them requires a communicative relationship between
the local community and the installations. There is a
need for robust understanding and the alignment of
goals to ensure the continued success of all
stakeholders involved due to the proximity of the
installations and the community. The proximity and
intertwined nature of military and civilian interests is evident on Figures 4.1 and 4.2, which show the
Military Influence Areas in the North and South
County Study Areas. A Military Influence Area (MIA)
is an area in which military activities may impact the
community and vice versa.
The North County Study Area encompasses the
Monterey Bay region in Monterey County and
includes the following communities:
n Monterey County
n City of Del Rey Oaks
n City of Marina
n City of Monterey
n City of Pacific Grove
n City of Sand City
n City of Seaside
The South County Study Area is that part of
Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties that
surround Fort Hunter Liggett and Camp Roberts.
The South County Study Area includes the following
communities:
n San Luis Obispo County
n King City
n Paso Robles
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.1 North County Military Influence Areas
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Figure 4.2 South County Military Influence Areas
Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso
de Robles
(Paso Robles)
King City
£¤101
¬«41
¬«198
¬«46
¬«25
¬«1
Green Valley
Airline
Carmel Valley
El Pomar
El Camino Real
Nacimiento Lake
Old Creek Hare Canyon
Union
Central
Slacks Canyon
Estrella
Creston
Bitterwater
Elm
Los Gatos
Adelaida
Oasis
Coalinga
River
Vineyard Canyon
Vineyard
Arroyo Seco
Metz
Peach Tree
Lockwood San Lucas
Santa Rosa Creek
Cattlemen
Interlake
Jolon
Sargents
Indian Valley
Nacimiento
Road
Legend
5-mile Military Influence Area
South County
3-mile Military Influence Area
South County
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
El Paso de Robles (Paso
Robles)
King City
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
State Route
major_roads
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles Source: Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS.
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4.2. North County Study
Area
North County Partner
Community Profiles
This section profiles each community listed below
following a brief regional historical overview.
These include:
n Monterey County
n City of Del Rey Oaks
n City of Marina
n City of Monterey
n City of Pacific Grove
n City of Sand City
n City of Seaside
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Chronological Overview
The following timeline presents a brief chronological overview of the Study Area’s history.
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Monterey County
Monterey County was established in 1850 when
California became a state, making it one of the first
counties. The area was originally populated by
bands of the Ohlone, Salinan, and Esselen before
Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived.
1 USCB, 2020
2 At a Glance: Monterey County:
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-ah/administrative-office/economic-development/at-a-glance-countyfacts#:~:text=The%20County%20also%20offers%20the,visitors%20to% 20the%20wine%20trail.
Monterey County is the 17th largest county by land
area in California. The geography of the county is
largely defined by 100 miles of California’s coast
(the longest coastline of any California county), the
Santa Lucia and Gabilan Mountain ranges, and the
Salinas and Carmel Valleys. The distinct natural
resources, mild climate, and world-class attractions
bring visitors to the region from all over the world.
The county attracts more than three million visitors
annually to destinations such as Fisherman’s Wharf,
Cannery Row, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, State
Parks and National Forests, hiking trails, golf
courses, 17-Mile Drive, beaches, vineyards,
and festivals.
The county hosts a diverse population of 439,035
people,
1 a majority (71%) of whom live in one of the
twelve incorporated cities.
Agriculture largely defines the county, as it is the
single greatest source of income, the primary land
use, and the largest economic sector. The wine
industry generates more than $238 million per year
and attracts visitors to the River Road wine trail.
2 The
next largest sectors in the region are (a) health care
and social assistance and (b) accommodation and
food services.
3 Other top industries are tourism and
the military.
Monterey County is managed by a board of
supervisors. There are five districts in the county,
each of which elects one supervisor.
3 Economic overview November 30, 2020, Monterey County:
https://mk0montereycoun2uecx.kinstacdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/12/Economic-Overview-Monterey-County11302020.pdf Year Established
1850
2020 Population:
439,035
2045 Projected
Population
491,443
Form of Government
Board of Supervisors
Major Industries:
Agriculture, Forestry,
Fishing and Hunting;
Health Care and
Social Assistance;
Retail Trade
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City of Del Rey Oaks
Year Incorporated:
1953
2020 Population:
1,592
2045 Projected
Population
2,650
Form of Government
Council/Manager
Major Industries:
Educational Services
and Health Care and
Social Assistance;
Professional,
Scientific and
Technical Services
Del Rey Oaks is a relatively new city, having been
incorporated in 1953. It was primarily used as
grazing land before being subdivided and
developed with homes in the 1970s.
Del Rey Oaks is bounded by the City of Seaside on
the north, the Monterey Peninsula Airport on the
west, the City of Monterey on the southeast, and the
former Fort Ord Military Reservation on the east. Del
Rey Oaks is one of the smallest cities in the North
County Study Area with a population of 1,592 in
2020. The city’s population is forecasted to increase
by 66% by 2045.
In 19974
, Del Rey Oaks annexed 360 acres of
former Fort Ord land. Planned uses for the property
include agricultural and open space land use5 Del
Rey Oaks is well known for its Frog Pond Wetland
Preserve, a 17-acre wetland area popular
with birders.
4 General Plan Update for the City of Del Rey Oaks, January 1997:
http://www.fortag.org/frogpond/docs/1997_01__Del%20Rey%20Oa ks%20General%20Plan%2097__OCR.pdf
City of Marina
Year Incorporated:
1975
2020 Population:
22,359
2045 Projected
Population
30,044
Form of Government
Council/Manager
Major Industries:
Accommodation and
Food Services;
Educational Services;
Health Care and
Social Assistance
Marina is the newest city on the Monterey Peninsula.
The city's history is intertwined with that of the
former Fort Ord. After the closure of Fort Ord,
portions of the installation were slated for the
community's reuse, including for the University of
California (UC) Monterey Bay Education and
Science Technology Center facility in Marina.
The City, through its specific area plans, targeted
the former Fort Ord area for future infill growth and
redevelopment. This area contains a mixture of new
and proposed housing units, large commercial
areas, and a business center at the former military
airport. These developments and additional
commercial investments have helped Marina
become more than a bedroom community.
Marina is near the beach and Fort Ord National
Monument. The city includes part of the California
State University, Monterey Bay campus, UC Santa
Cruz, UC Monterey Bay Education and Science
Technology Center, and Veterans Transition Center.
5 LAFCO of Monterey County, City of Del Rey Oaks-2011 Municipal Service and Sphere of Influence Review, January 24, 2011:
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City of Monterey
Monterey was originally the capital of Alta California
under both Spain and Mexico. The city was the only
port of entry for all taxable goods in California,
attracting many to the area.
Today, Monterey's economic mainstays are tourism
and the military. While tourism has always been a
major component of the city's economy, it has
become the dominant industry in the last 30 years,
supporting more than one-third of Monterey’s jobs.
The City of Monterey is home to the Monterey Bay
Aquarium, one of the largest aquariums in North
America. The aquarium and Fisherman’s Wharf are
major tourist attractions. Additionally, the city
adjoins the Monterey Bay National Marine
Sanctuary, a federally protected ocean area
extending 276 miles along the coast.
The City has a close relationship with the Presidio of
Monterey and Naval Postgraduate School, providing
base maintenance support services such as streets,
parks, and building maintenance, as well as
engineering and project management services for
both installations. The relationship between the City,
the Presidio, and NPS is a ground-breaking
partnership that reduces installation costs and
supports the military presence
in Monterey.
Year Incorporated:
1890
2020 Population:
28,283
2045 Projected
Population
29,639
Form of Government
City Council/Mayor
Major Industries:
Arts, Entertainment,
Recreation and
Accommodation;
Education Services
and Health Care and
Social Assistance;
Professional,
Scientific, and
Technical Services;
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City of Pacific Grove
Pacific Grove was founded in 1875 and
incorporated as a City in 1889.
Pacific Grove, located on the Monterey Peninsula,
lies only a short distance from POM and DLIFLC.
The population of Pacific Grove has had little recent
growth, with an increase of only 620 people from
2010 to 2019. The city is surrounded by other fully
built-up communities and the Pacific Ocean, leaving
little room for new housing or other development. It
is projected that the population of Pacific Grove will
only increase by 5% between 2020 and 2045.
Tourism is a key economic driver for Pacific Grove.
Attractions include the Monterey Bay Coastal
Recreation Trail, beaches, the Point Pinos
Lighthouse, and the Pacific Grove
Monarch Sanctuary.
City of Seaside
Seaside was originally platted in 1888 as East
Monterey and made a separate City in 1954.
Seaside has long had ties to the military. In 1968,
the City annexed parts of Fort Ord. Additionally,
Seaside is home to OMC and the DMDC.
Since it annexed parts of Fort Ord, Seaside has
been the most populous city on the Monterey
Peninsula. Seaside’s population is projected to grow
by 18% from 2020 to 2045.
Year Incorporated:
1889
2020 Population:
15,090
2045 Projected
Population
15,817
Form of Government
City Council/Mayor
Major Industries:
Accommodation and
Food Service;
Educational Services,
Health Care and
Social Assistance
Year Incorporated:
1954
2020 Population:
32,366
2045 Projected
Population:
38,316
Form of Government
City
Council/Manager
Major Industries:
Accommodation and
Food Services;
Health Care and
Social Assistance;
Retail Trade
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Population Trends
It is important to examine past, current, and future
growth trends to gain an understanding of the
diversity, levels of growth, and development
occurring in the Study Area. Identifying growth
patterns in the Monterey Regional CUS Study Area
provides insight into determining potential future
compatibility issues and areas of concern associated
with likely new growth that may impact or be
affected by military operations. This section assesses
the recent and projected population changes in the
Monterey Regional CUS Study Area, as well as
housing trends that could be indicators of future
growth.
Current and Projected Population
Population forecasts are the prediction of the
number and location of new residents in the future.
Jurisdictions can use this information to improve
planning for the region with better allocation and
use of resources. According to the 2020 Census,
Monterey County’s total population including
incorporated cities was 439,035. This is a 6%
increase since the 2010 Census. A total of 59% of
the Study Area population lives in the incorporated
cities in North County. Figure 4.3 shows the
population change in the North County Study Area
from 2010 to 2020.
The population of the North County Study Area is
predicted to increase steadily over the next 25 years
from 2020 to 2045. The population increase by
jurisdiction is listed in Table 4.1. The county is
projected to have a population growth of 12%
between 2020 and 2045, with most of the growth
occurring in Marina and Salinas. Del Rey Oaks is
expected to experience the largest percentage
increase, with a forecast population growth of 66%,
adding over 1,000 people in the next 25 years from
2020 to 2045.
Table 4.1. Population Trends in the North County Study Area Jurisdiction 2010 2020 2045*
# Change
2020-2045
% Change
2020-2045
Del Rey Oaks 1,624 1,592 2,650 1,058 66%
Marina 19,718 22,359 30,044 7,685 34%
Monterey 27,810 30,218 29,639 -579 -2%
Pacific Grove 15,041 15,090 15,817 727 5%
Salinas 150,441 163,542 177,128 13,586 8%
Seaside 33,025 32,366 38,316 5,950 18%
Monterey
County 415,057 439,035 491,443 52,408 12%
Unincorporated
Monterey
County
Not
Available
Not
Available 110,326 - -
Source: 2020 and 2040 U.S. Decennial Census, *Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments 2022 Regional Growth Forecast
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Figure 4.3 Regional Growth Forecast 2010-2020, North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Ord Military
Community
¬«1
¬«68
¬«218
¬«68
¬«1
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Monterey
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
Legend
Percent Population Change
13% - 15%
10% - 12%
7% - 9%
4% - 6%
1% - 3%
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
State Route
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles Source: US Census. AMBAG 2022 Regional
Growth Forecast. City of Monterey
Presidio of
Monterey
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Existing Land Use
Examining current development trends and the
existing use of land can help illuminate the root of
current compatibility issues. Such examination can
lend insight into potentially incompatible uses in
the future.
The North County Study Area is a diverse
environment with many land uses throughout its
coastal and inland regions, which are shown on
Figure 4.4. The northern coast contains the largest
share of the county’s population and consists mostly
of residential, commercial, and open space land
uses. Many parks, national monuments, and public
beaches are scattered throughout the region,
offering plenty of opportunities for
outdoor recreation.
Single-family residential makes up the largest portion
of residential land use in the county, with higher
densities in city centers and lower densities along
the coast and inland. This is likely due to state
property along the coast (see Figure 4.6 Land
Ownership North County Study Area). Agricultural
land uses, both farming and grazing, characterize
the inland communities.
The key industries in Monterey County are
agriculture, government, and service industries,
which include tourism. Agriculture is land-intensive,
using large portions of the valley bottoms to grow
produce, such as strawberries and watermelon.
Grazing occurs on both public and private land in
the mountainous regions of Monterey County,
especially in the southern portion of the county.
Tourism and the service industry are largely
concentrated along the coast where some of the
best golf courses and surfing in the county are
located; for example, Pebble Beach Golf Course
and Big Sur beach.
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Figure 4.4 Existing Land Use in the North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Ord Military
Community
Monterey
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey
Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
¬«1
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
Legend
Land Use
Commercial
Open Space
Public/Quasi-Public
Residential
Low Density Residential
Resource Conservation
Visitor
Accomodations/Professional
Offices
Urban and Built-Up Land
Prime Farmland
Farmland of Statewide
Importance
Grazing Land
Department of Defense Property
Monterey
Incorporated Municipality
State Route
Major Road
Railroad
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles Source: USGS, City of Monterey.
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Future Land Use
Future land use designations can help provide an
idea of how future developments may encroach
upon military installations.
Through the 2010 General Plan, Monterey County
has established a set of goals that focus on
promoting new development and growth where
appropriate, while protecting desirable existing land
uses. This focus is set to encourage development in
already built-up areas and prevent greenfield
development on agricultural and undeveloped land.
The County aims to achieve this by increasing
mixed-use developments, the variety of housing for
all income levels, and housing opportunities near
major employment centers. Other County goals to
support future land use are agricultural designations
to protect future greenfield development and the
encouragement of commercial development near
major residential areas and transportation routes.
Several large projects are in the works in the North
County Study Area. One of the largest and most
important to the region is the California Flats Solar
Project. There are several ecological facilities in the works as well, including the Carmel River Floodplain
Restoration and Environmental Enhancement Project,
which aims to improve the floodplain of the Carmel
River, and the Carmel Lagoon Ecosystem Productive
Barrier, which aims to improve public access to
public beaches while preserving the natural
ecosystem. The former Fort Ord lands adjacent to
Del Rey Oaks, Marina, and Seaside are slated for
redevelopment pending environmental studies and
the clearing of unexploded ordnance. Another
significant land use change that is planned in
Monterey County is the expansion of the Stonewall
Quarry, which is in the process of extending its
operations by 53 acres, with a goal of continuing to
extract 50,000 to 250,000 tons of material per year
from the site over the next 35 years.
Monterey County has several large mixed-use
developments in the work,s as of February 2021;
some notable projects are the East Garrison master
development project that will create approximately
1,400 dwelling units, Ferrini Ranch Subdivision,
which will create 212 residential lots with 23 lots of
workforce housing and 43 lots for inclusionary (rent
capped) housing, and the Pebble Beach Company
Inclusionary Housing project, which entails the
development of 24 affordable housing units.
Another notable project in Seaside is the Ascent
Project, to consist of ten buildings that will comprise workforce housing of various sizes, from studios to
three bedrooms. This project directly supports the
county’s goal of providing more affordable housing
for its residents.
Zoning
Zoning helps to guide development through the
regulation of land use that determines what can and
cannot be built legally. In the built-up areas of
Monterey County, zoning supports the typical land
use patterns seen throughout the United States,
which include city centers filled with commercial
and mixed-uses, and a density gradient going from
the densest residential areas near the city centers
and coast, to large-lot single-family housing farthest
from these centers, extending out into more rural
areas. Agricultural and open space make up the
preponderance of land use throughout the county,
especially away from the coast and in the southern
portion of the county. Zoning for the North County
Study Area is shown on Figure 4.5.
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Figure 4.5 Zoning in the North County Study Area
Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
Ord Military
Community
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Monterey
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«1
¬«68
¬«183
Legend
Monterey County Zoning
Preservation and Conservation
Open Space
Agriculture and Grazing
Residential
Commercial
Mixed Use
Industrial
Public / Quasi-Public
Planned Community
Other
Incorporated Place
State Route
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles Source: County of Monterey, City of Monterey,
City of Pacific Grove, Matrix Design Group.
Notes:
1) White areas are areas where GIS Zoning
data was unavailable.
2) Matrix has slightly generalized zoning for
cartographical purposes.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Land Ownership
Land management and ownership are important for
understanding what types of development may
occur outside military installation fence lines. Land
in the North County Study Area, shown on
Figure 4.6, is largely held privately — the county is
70.5% private and 29.5% public.
Natural Environment
The natural environment and resources that are
protected, conserved, or preserved are important to
understand in relation to potential impacts from
military installations. The North County Study Area
has many parks, preserves, and scenic coastlines.
The following federal natural areas lie wholly or
partly in Monterey County: Fort Ord National
Monument, Pinnacles National Park, Salinas River
National Wildlife Refuge, Ventana Wilderness, and
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
There are also seven state parks, many with beach
access, park areas, and extensive hiking trails.
There are nine state marine protection areas in the
county: Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation
Area, Elkhorn Slough State Marine Reserve, Elkhorn
Slough State Marine Conservation Area, Moro Cojo
Slough State Marine Reserve, Portuguese Ledge
State Marine Conservation Area, Pacific Grove
Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area,
Lovers Point State Marine Reserve, Edward F.
Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area, and
Asilomar State Marine Reserve.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.6 Government Land Ownership, North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
Fort Ord
National Monument
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Defense
Language
Institute
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
Ord Military
Community
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex
Presidio of
Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
¬«1
¬«68
¬«218
¬«68
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey
Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
Monterey
Forest
Asilomar
Prescott
Pacific Grove Carmel
Canyon Del Rey
Franklin
Pearl
Scenic
El Dorado
Casanova
Fremont
Pine Carpenter
Sunset
Plumas
Central
Yosemite
Iris Canyon
San Carlos
Junipero
Munras
Reservation
Kimball
Congress
San Pablo
Military
La Salle
Noche Buena
Ocean View
Hilby
Lopez
Pacific
Josselyn Canyon
Broadway
Mar Vista
David
Del Monte
Carmel Valley
Lighthouse
Skyline
Aguajito
17 Mile
South
Legend
Department of Defense
Bureau of Land Management
CA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
CA Dept. of Parks and
Recreation
Local Government
Non-Profit Conservancies and
Trusts
Other State Lands
Department of Defense
Installation
Monterey
Other Community
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles
Note: U.S. Army Managed Portion of Fort Ord National Monument is closed to public use.
Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, 2019.
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Sustainability
Air Quality
Monterey County has been the subject of some air
quality concerns and is still working on attaining the
8-hour component of the California ozone
standards. The county is in the nonattainmenttransitional stage for O3 (ozone), per California EPA standards, meaning that it has at least four days a
year with an 8-hour period when ozone levels are
(on average) higher than the allowed amount. This is
shown on Figure 4.7.
The coastal areas of the county are approaching
high levels of the Federal standards for particulate
matter (PM) 2.5, meaning that there are higher than
federally recommended levels of very fine PM in the
air. Most rural and mountainous areas do not have
this high level of PM, as can be seen on Figure 4.8.
Additional information regarding air quality in the
Monterey Regional CUS Study Areas can be found
in Chapter 6: Compatibility Assessment.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.7 Nonattainment Areas Based on State Standards, 2019 North County Study Area Source: California Air Resources Board 2019.
Monterey
County
Study Area
San Francisco
State O3 (Ozone) Attainment Status
Monterey
County
Study Area
San Francisco
Legend
Attainment Status
Nonattainment
Nonattainment-Transitional
Attainment (Not Present)
Unclassified
Air Monitoring Stations
Monterey Bay Unified (California
Air District)
0 50
Miles
State PM 10 Attainment Status
North Central Coast (California
Air Basin)
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.8 Air Quality (PM 2.5), North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Ord Military
Community
Mon terey
Carm el-by-th e-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marin a
Pacific Grove
San d
City
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
¬«1
Legend
Air Mon itorin g Station s
Mon terey Bay U n ified (Californ ia
Air District)
Average PM 2.5 from 1998-2016
(micrograms per cubic meter)
2.4 - 5.0
5.1 - 8.0
8.1 - 10.0 Approach in g WHO
Guidelin e
10.1 - 11.0 WHO Guidelin e
11.1 - 14.0
14.1 - 18.7
Departm en t of Defen se Property
State Route
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles
Source: NASA: Global An n ual PM2.5 Grids from
MODIS, MISR an d SeaWiFS Aerosol Optical
Depth (AOD) with GWR, v1 (1998 – 2016)
Esri, 2021.
Monterey
County Map
Extent
San Francisco
North Cen tral Coast (Californ ia
Air Basin )
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Water Availability
There are several water districts and management
agents in the North County Study Area, including
California American Water Company (CalAm),
Marina Coast Water District, Monterey Peninsula
Water Management District (MPWMD), and Seaside
Municipal Water Systems, which are shown on
Figure 4.9. The water districts rely on several water
sources and facilities to secure the needed water for
the region. These include Pure Water Monterey
Groundwater Replenishment Project, a waste
treatment facility, Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin,
a series of deep aquifers, and the Carmel River. In
addition, Sand City owns a desalination facility that
is operated by CalAm. The facility has the potential
to produce up to 300 ac-ft using reverse osmosis to
treat brackish water. While the plant is located on
the Monterey Peninsula, the water produced is for
Sand City. Actual production of the plant has
averaged around 200 ac-ft per year.
According to the MPWMD’s 2020 Supply and
Demand for Water on the Monterey Peninsula, there
was an available water supply of 15,296 acre-feet
annually. Historical trends suggest an average yearly
demand in the region of 13,290 acre-feet. However,
with the addition of new developments, a tourism
bounce-back after COVID-19, and the new Pebble
Beach buildout, demand is expected to rise to
15,296 acre-feet of water annually. As outlined in
the MPWMD’s 2022 Supply and Demand Forecast,
average actual water demand between 2017 and
2021 for the Monterey Peninsula was 9,725
acre-feet.
Using the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments’ (AMBAG) regional growth forecasts
and current water usage for residential and
commercial purposes, water demand for projected
populations can be calculated. Using 2020 data, in
2040 there will be an increased demand of 568
acre-feet from residential uses and 416 acre-feet
from commercial uses. This forecast shows a need
for 984 additional acre-feet of water to support
growth in the region.
The demand for water has been driving the
implementation of new water supply discussions
such as expansion of the Pure Water Monterey
project and possibly a new desalination plant. The
Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin has been
experiencing sea water contamination, slowly
making more water in the aquifers unusable as
continued pumping draws sea water into the
aquifers. To continue meeting water demand in the
region, this contamination by sea water must be
stopped.
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Figure 4.9 Water Resources, North County Study Area
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Presidio of
Monterey
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Presidio of
Monterey
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Monterey
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
Legend
Water District / Management Agency
California American Water Company
Marina Coast Water District
Monterey Peninsula Water Management District
Seaside Municipal Water System
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
State Route
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles
Source: California Natural Resource Agency,
USGS, City of Monterey,
County of Monterey
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Renewable Energy
Monterey County began an ambitious campaign of
switching to 100% clean energy usage by 2045
and, in doing so, has embarked on several
renewable energy production projects. The county’s
regional energy company, Monterey Bay Community
Power, is actively expanding its services by
purchasing energy supply from solar, offshore and
inland wind, and geothermal energy production
sources. Solar energy production in the county is
concentrated in the rural areas on the fringe of the
North County Study Area. The proposed California
Solar Flats project, currently in the development
process, is a 280-megawatt solar energy facility that
will occupy 1,900 acres in the southern portion of
the county.
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Economic Growth Trends
Economic trends can help identify growth potential
for the North County Study Area and how some of
that growth may relate to the military installations in the region.
Top Industries
The regional economy in the North County area is
primarily based on agriculture in the Salinas Valley
and tourism in the coastal regions. The county is
also home to an extensive array of educational and
research institutions as well as ten military
installations. Health care, non-profit, and
government are also among the County’s largest
revenue sectors.
Monterey County is one of the nation’s top
agricultural producers, generating $11.7 billion
annually and employing 64,000 people.
6 The
agricultural sector produces 20% of the county’s
total economic output.
Tourism brings about 8.4 million people to the
county every year, generating $2.7 billion in
economic revenue. This industry supports 24,390
full-time jobs in the region. Connected to tourism,
the leisure and hospitality industry, which include
hotels and restaurants, has about 37,500 jobs.
North County Study Area has a strong concentration
of higher education and research institutions,
particularly related to foreign language study,
marine research, and international policy. These
institutions have a combined operating budget of
$1.7 billion and directly employ 14,000 faculty,
staff, and researchers. The health care industry
includes four hospitals in the northern county:
Natividad Medical Center, Salinas Valley Memorial
Hospital, Community Hospital of the Monterey
Peninsula, and Mee Memorial. These hospitals
generate an annual income of $2.7 billion and
6 http://montereycfb.com/index.php?page=economic-contributions support 13,670 jobs. In 2020, there were about
37,500 jobs in this sector.
As described in Chapter 3, the military is also a
major economic industry in the North County Study
Area. Additional information on the military industry
in area can be found in Chapter 3.
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Job Forecasts
Within the North County Study Area, there are
currently over 300,000 jobs available. It is
projected that between 2020 and 2045, there will
be an increase of approximately 17,700 available
jobs. Most of these opportunities will be in Salinas
as listed in Table 4.2.
The county is projected to grow its job base at a
slower rate than the state and nation. This is likely
due to the competitive and strong job market in the
north of part of Monterey County along the Santa
Clara County line. While Santa Clara County is not
in this CUS Study Area, it has a strong job market in
San Jose, and as such, many employees in San Jose
commute there from the North County Study Area.
Table 4.2. Projected Employment* Growth in the
North County Study Area, 2020-2045
Jurisdiction 2020 2025 2035 2045
%
Growth
2020-
2045
Monterey County
243,015 245,054 253,918 263,437 8%
Del Rey Oaks
748 753 794 834 11%
Marina
6,548 6,621 6,899 7,217 10%
Monterey (City)
40,989 41,527 43,452 45,509 11%
Pacific Grove
8,016 8,061 8,244 8,445 5%
Salinas
78,874 79,577 82,505 85,683 9%
Seaside
10,476 10,589 11,062 11,543 10%
Unincorporated Monterey County 60,293 60,574 62,439 64,395 7% Total**
164,955 207,702 215,395 223,626 36%
*Employment growth is defined as the number of jobs by place of work, per the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments *Total does not include the county-wide numbers
Source: Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments 2022 Regional Growth Forecast.
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Housing Trends
The rate of housing development may indicate
development trends. Types of housing available and
their affordability can help determine whether
military housing needs are being met.
Housing Units
Housing trends typically correlate with population
growth and can indicate economic activity and
vitality in an area. Housing activity may reveal
population increase, decline, or out-migration in
specific neighborhoods. The rate of housing
development is an indicator of the overall rate of
development occurring in the region, which could
result in land uses incompatible with operations at
military installations. Table 4.3 shows that most
jurisdictions in Monterey County have seen minimal
growth in housing stock from 2010 to 2020. This
trend is expected to change between 2020 and
2045. Most of the housing growth is projected to
occur in Salinas, which is located on the northern
end of the Study Area.
Specifically, Table 4.3 shows the housing numbers
for 2010 and 2020 reported by the U.S. Census
Bureau, along with a housing forecast for 2045 by
AMBAG. The projection indicates that, by 2045, the
region may add approximately 24,000 housing
units. It remains to be seen how the housing market
downturn in 2022 will impact long-term
housing development.
Of the current housing stock in the Study Area, 90%
is occupied, and 10% is vacant. This can be
attributed to the high levels of vacation and shortterm rental homes in the region.
Table 4.3. Housing Trends and Forecasts in the
North County Study Area
Jurisdiction 2010 2020 2045
%
Growth
2010-
2045
Monterey
County 139,048 143,631 165,328 19%
Del Rey Oaks 741 739 1,195 61%
Marina 7,200 8,022 9,693 35%
Monterey (City) 13,584 13,787 14,549 7%
Pacific Grove 8,169 8,121 8,463 4%
Salinas 42,651 44,405 53,150 25%
Seaside 10,872 10,801 13,192 21%
Unincorporated
Monterey
County
Not
Available
Not
Available 41,408 -
Total* 83,217 85,875 100,242 20%
*Total number excludes entire county total
Source: 2010 and 2020 Decennial Census, Association of
Monterey Bay Area Governments, Regional Growth Forecast.
Housing Values
Median Home Values
The median home value in Monterey County is
$607,300, almost triple the national average
($264,200). Median housing prices in the City of
Monterey and Seaside are significantly higher than
average, at $791,900 and $857,900 respectively.
Median Rental Prices
Median rental prices in Monterey County are
$1,495, per month, for all unit sizes, which is just
under the median rent for the state of $1,503 in
2019. Monthly rental rates are higher in some cities;
for example, the median rent is $1,781 in Seaside
and $2,338 in Del Rey Oaks, which is considerably
higher than the state and national levels.
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4.3. South County
Study Area
The South County Study Area is the geographic
location in Monterey County and San Luis Obispo
County surrounding Fort Hunter Liggett and
Camp Roberts.
South County Partner
Community Profiles
This section profiles each community listed below
following a brief regional historical overview. These
include:
n San Luis Obispo County
n King City
n Paso Robles
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Chronological Overview
The following timeline presents a brief chronological overview of the Study Area’s history.
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San Luis Obispo County
Year Established:
1850
2020 Population:
282,424
2045 Projected
Population
318,026
Form of Government
Board of Supervisors
Major Industries:
Educational Services
and Health Care and
Social Assistance;
Arts, Entertainment,
Recreation and
Accommodation;
Retail Trade
The area that is now San Luis Obispo County has
been home to the Chumash people for thousands of
years. Later, in the late 1770s, the Mission San Luis
Obispo de Tolosa was founded in the area that is
now the city of San Luis Obispo.
The county is located along the Pacific Ocean
coastline and extends into the Santa Lucia mountain
range. The varied geography supports diverse
industries, including fishing, agriculture, and tourist activities. The county is especially known for its
wineries and is the third largest producer of wine in
California, behind Sonoma County and
Napa County.
San Luis Obispo is also home to California
Polytechnic University, which has approximately
20,000 students.
Camp Roberts is located at the northern end of the
county, north of Paso Robles and approximately 40
miles south of FHL in
Monterey County.
King City
Year Incorporated:
1911
2020 Population:
13,332
2045 Projected
Population
17,064
Form of Government
City Council/Manager
Major Industries:
Accommodation and
Food Services;
Health Care and
Social Assistance,
and Educational
Services
King City is located approximately 25 miles from
FHL and has been associated with the military since
World War II. The Mesa Del Rey Airport, now a
public airport, was initially home to an Army Air
Corps flight training school in the early 1940s. The
school closed in 1944 after putting 10,000 cadets
through the primary training course. The Navy took
over the field in 1945 to train fighter pilots, then
returned the airfield to King City
in 1951.
While King City has historically been an agricultural
community, major industries now include
accommodation and food services, health care and
social assistance, and educational services.
The city is anticipated to grow slowly between 2020
and 2045, adding approximately 4,000 new
residents by 2045.
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City of Paso Robles
Year Incorporated:
1889
2020 Population:
31,490
2045 Projected
Population
44,000
Form of Government
Council/Manager
Major Industries:
Health Care and
Social Assistance;
Manufacturing; Retail
Trade
The area that is now called Paso Robles was
historically well known by the Salinans for its hot
springs. It later was a stopping point for travelers
who refreshed themselves in the natural hot spring
pools. The town became more heavily settled after
the construction of a rail line in 1886, leading to its incorporation in 1889.
Today, the city is still known for its hot springs, as
well as for its olive oil production, almond orchards,
California Mid-State Fair, and abundance of
wineries. Paso Robles Wine Country is an American
Viticultural Area with approximately 33,000 acres
of vineyards.
Tourism continues to be a major source of income
for the city. The increase in grape and wine
production has made Paso Robles a tourist
destination for in-state, national, and international
visitors. Paso Robles is the nearest incorporated city
to Camp Roberts.
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Population Trends
It is important to examine past, current, and
projected future growth trends to gain an
understanding of the diversity and levels of growth
and development in the Study Area. Identifying
growth patterns provides insight into potential future
compatibility issues and concerns associated with
impacts on or from military operations. This section
assesses the recent and projected future population
changes in the CUS Study Area, as well as housing
trends that could be indicators of future growth.
Current and Projected Population
This Study Area’s total population and population
density are lower than those of its northern
neighbor. The population of San Luis Obispo
County, which includes the Study Area cities, was
282,424 in 2020, an increase of 6% from 2010.
The population growth is largely attributed to
immigration to the region, as local births have
declined steadily since the mid-2000s. Much of this
trend is driven by California residents moving to the
South County area.
Table 4.4. Population Trends and Forecasts, South
County Study Area
Source: San Luis Obispo County Council of Governments
2050 Regional Growth Forecast; 2010 and 2020 Decennial
Census.
Unincorporated areas of San Luis Obispo County
are growing faster than the incorporated cities,
adding almost 1% annually. The population density
changes between 2010 and 2020 are shown on
Figure 4.10.
The population of the South County Study Area is
expected to continue to grow, although at a slower
rate than the surrounding region and California, at
large. A modest growth rate of 0.5% per year can
be expected between 2020 and 2045, compared to
the statewide average rate of 0.4% a year in the
same timeframe. A large majority of the growth will
be seen in the unincorporated areas of the county,
which could pose a problem if incompatible
residential development occurs adjacent to FHL or
Camp Roberts. Table 4.4 shows the change in
population for each jurisdiction.
Jurisdictions 2010 2020
% Change
2010-2020 2045
# Change
2020-2045
% Change
2020-2045
King City 12,874 13,332 4% 17,064 3,732 28%
Paso Robles 29,793 31,490 6% 37,487 5,997 19%
San Luis Obispo
County 269,637 282,424 5% 318,025 35,601 13%
Unincorporated
San Luis Obispo Not Available Not Available - 137,461 - - ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.10 Population Change 2010-2019, South County Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
El Paso de
Robles (Paso
Robles)
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
Greenfield
King City
£¤101
¬«198
¬«46
¬«25
¬«1
Green Valley
Airline
Creston Vineyard Canyon
Elm
Carmel Valley
Hare Canyon
Central
Lockwood Jolon
Metz
Bitterwater
Adelaida
Oasis
Arroyo Seco
River
Vineyard
Peach Tree
Lockwood San Lucas
Santa Rosa Creek
Cattlemen
Nacimiento Lake
Interlake
Jolon
Sargents
Indian Valley
Nacimiento
Road
Legend
Percent Population Change
13% - 15%
10% - 12%
7% - 9%
4% - 6%
1% - 3%
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
Incorporated Place
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
Source: US Census. AMBAG 2022 Regional
Growth Forecast.
SLOCOG 2050 Regional Growth Forecast
City of Monterey
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Existing Land Use
Examining current development trends and the
existing use of land can help illuminate the root of
current compatibility issues that might exist in the
area and lend insight into potential future issues.
The land use in the South County area is largely
rural and undeveloped as shown on Figure 4.11. To
the north of FHL is National Forest land. To the east,
grazing and farmland and the small residential
community of Lockwood account for most of the
land use. The land to the south is sparely populated
with some large-lot rural properties and grazing
lands that wrap around to the east between the coast
and the fort.
The Ventana and Silver Peak Wilderness Areas are
also north of the Installation. A 17-mile tank trail
easement between Camp Roberts and FHL is held
by the Monterey County Water Resource Agency.
The Army uses the tank trail to travel between the
two installations during military training exercises.
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife
considers the tank trail a potentially significant
wildlife corridor.
Camp Roberts is bordered primarily by
undeveloped areas largely used for recreation,
agriculture, and rural residences. The closest
communities to the installation are San Miguel and
Bradley. The San Antonio Reservoir Recreation
Area, Nacimiento Reservoir, and Heritage Ranch (a
residential subdivision) are located west of the
installation. San Miguel is located east of Camp
Roberts. US 101 divides the camp and provides
road access to the camp’s main entrance.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.11 Existing Land Use in the South County Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso de Robles
(Paso Robles)
King City
£¤101
¬«1
¬«198
¬«46
¬«25
Green Valley
Vine
25 Nacimiento Lake
Hare Canyon
Lockwood Jolon
Adelaida
Oasis
River
Peach Tree
Vineyard
Lockwood San Lucas
Santa Rosa Creek
nI dian Valley
Cattlemen
Interlake
Jolon
Sargents
Nacimiento
Road
Legend
Farmland
Grazing Land / Agriculture
Other Land
Urban and Built-Up Land
Water Area
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
Incorporated City
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
Source: Farmland Mapping and Monitoring
Program, Division of Land Resource Protection,
California Department of Conservation
ATTACHMENT 1
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Future Land Use
Future land use designations can give insight into
how future developments may encroach upon
military installations.
The Noise element of the San Luis Obispo County
General Plan that was adopted in 1992 identifies the
military training areas as areas of high noise.
Additionally, the South County Area Plan, a
component of the Monterey County General Plan,
includes a land use policy to reduce residential
encroachment on the tank trail connecting
FHL and Camp Roberts.
There are four new master-planned communities in
Paso Robles that consist in single-family housing
subdivisions. Several existing master-planned
communities throughout the county have not been
completely built up, leaving room for new housing.
The housing developments adjacent to the San
Antonio Reservoir Recreation Area and Nacimiento
Reservoir will be of particular interest, as they are
located in proximity to Camp Roberts and FHL.
Future land uses are shown on Figure 4.12.
Zoning
The land use designations around Camp Roberts are
primarily agricultural with small pockets of rural land along its southern border. Land around Lake San
Antonio’s dam is designated for public facilities.
Similarly, FHL is surrounded largely by rural
grazing, farmland, and rural conservation land uses
to the north, east, and south. The west side of the
installation is zoned for watershed and scenic
conservation.
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Figure 4.12 Future Land Use in the South County Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso de Robles
(Paso Robles)
King City
£¤101
¬«198
¬«46
¬«25
¬«1
Green Valley
Airline
Vine
Bitterwater
Hare Canyon
Lockwood Jolon
Adelaida
Oasis
River
Vineyard
Peach Tree
Lockwood San Lucas
Santa Rosa Creek
nI d ai n Valley
Cattlemen
Nacimiento Lake
Interlake
Jolon
Sargents
Nacimiento
Road
Legend
Monterey County
Agriculture
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public/Quasi-Public
Resource Conservation
Mineral Extraction
Rivers and Water Bodies
San Luis Obispo County
Agriculture
Rural Lands
Residential Rural
Residential Suburban
Residential Single Family
Residential Multi Family
Commercial Retail
Recreation
Public Facilities
Open Space
Lake
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles Sources: Monterey County,
San Luis Obispo County.
Los Padres National Forest
Area Excluded From Data
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Land Ownership
Land ownership in the South County Study Area
consists largely of private land ownership, the U.S.
Forest Service, and the DoD. The BLM owns parcels
of land throughout the region, but none borders the
DoD land. State and local governments also own
land in the South County Study Area, with the local
governments owning the two lakes between FHL and
Camp Roberts. Land ownership is shown on Figure
4.13. ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.13 Government Land Ownership in the South County Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso de Robles
(Paso Robles)
King City
£¤101
¬«198
¬«25
¬«1
¬«46
Airline
Vine Vineyard Canyon
Metz
Central
Nacimiento Lake
Hare Canyon
Bitterwater
Santa Rosa Creek
Vineyard
Arroyo Seco
Lockwood Jolon
Adelaida
Oasis
River
Peach Tree
Lockwood San Lucas
Cattlemen
nI dian Valley
Interlake
Jolon
Sargents
Legend
Surface Management Agency
Department of Defense
Bureau of Land Management
U.S. Forest Service
State
Local Government
Private or Unknown
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles Source: Bureau of Land Management, 2014.
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Natural Environment
The natural environment and resources that are
being protected, conserved, or preserved are
important to understand in relation to potential
impacts from military installations.
The natural environment that surrounds most of FHL
and Camp Roberts consists of grass and woodlands.
Los Padres National Forest borders FHL to the north.
The Pacific Ocean is to the west of the two
installations. The Fort encompasses much of the
headwaters of both the Nacimiento River and the
San Antonio River watersheds. The rivers create two
gently sloping and meandering valleys separated by
steep hills.
Both installations provide habitats for a plethora of
wildlife, including endangered species like the San
Joaquin kit fox. The base and surrounding areas are
hosts of large populations of elk and deer. The area
is also known for its especially diverse
bird population.
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Sustainability
Air Quality
San Luis Obispo County is mostly in federal
attainment for PM 2.5. The two county air quality
monitoring areas, Monterey and San Luis Obispo,
that cover FHL are approaching nonattainment,
although not yet in nonattainment. This is shown on
Figure 4.14.
For ozone, the district within the county is in the
category of transitional nonattainment. This means
that the district is close to attaining state standards but has not yet reached attainment. At present, the
district in the county is in nonattainment for PM 10,
as shown on Figure 4.15.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Figure 4.14 Air Quality (PM 2.5), South County Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Brad ley
Cam bria
Lake
Nac im iento
Loc kw ood
Oak
Sh ores
P ine
Canyon
San Ard o
San Luc as
San Mig uel
San
Sim eon
Tem pleton
Martinus
Corner
Heritag e
Ranc h
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El P aso d e
Robles (P aso
Robles)
King City
Legend
Air Monitoring Stations
Departm ent of Defense Installation
Monterey Bay Unified (California Air
Distric t)
Averag e P M 2.5 from 1998-2016
(m ic rog ram s per c ubic m eter)
2.4 - 5.0
5.1 - 8.0
8.1 - 10.0 Approac h ing WHO
Guid eline
10.1 - 11.0 WHO Guid eline
11.1 - 14.0
14.1 - 18.7
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
Source: NASA: Global Annual P M2.5 Grid s from
MODIS, MISR and SeaWiFS Aerosol Optic al
Depth (AOD) w ith GWR, v1 (1998 – 2016)
Esri, 2021.
Monterey
County
Map
Extent
San Francisco
North Central Coast (California
Air Basin)
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Figure 4.15 South County Nonattainment Areas Based on State Standards, 2019 Source: California Air Resources Board 2019.
Monterey
County
Study Area
San Francisco
State O3 (Ozone) Attainment Status
Monterey
County
Study Area
San Francisco
State PM 10 Attainment Status
Legend
Attainment Status
Nonattainment
Nonattainment-Transitional
Attainment
Unclassified
Air Monitoring Stations
Monterey Bay Unified (California
Air District)
0 50
Miles
North Central Coast (California Air Basin)
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Water Availability
Camp Roberts lies partially within the San Luis
Obispo County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District and the Paso Robles
Groundwater Basin, which encompass large alluvial
aquifers, as well as Lake Nacimiento and Santa
Margarita Lake. These provide large quantities of the
drinking and agricultural water for San Luis Obispo
County. While these water basins are not at the
critical withdrawal levels, many of the surrounding
water basins and districts have reached these levels,
including the Monterey Groundwater Basin. FHL lies
within the Monterey County Water Resources
Agency district. The water resources in this study
area are shown on
Figure 4.16.
Renewable Energy
The use of solar energy is being implemented
throughout the county through both smaller-scale
and large-scale projects. The County has partnered
with ForeFront Power to develop two large solar
canopy systems that were energized in May 2020
and a ground-mounted solar field that was
energized in February 2021. Together, these three
projects generate 1,700 kW of solar energy.
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Figure 4.16 Water Resources, South County Study Area
Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
¬«46
¬«25
¬«41
¬«1
¬«198
Atascadero
El Paso de Robles
(Paso Robles)
King City
£¤101
Green Valley
Vine
Creston
Vineyard Canyon
El Camino Real
Hare Canyon
Old Creek
Lockwood Jolon
Adelaida
Oasis
River
Vineyard
Peach Tree
Lockwood San Lucas
Santa Rosa Creek
Cattlemen
Nacimiento Lake
Interlake
Jolon
Sargents
nI dian Valley
Nacimiento
Road
Legend
Water District / Management
Agency
Monterey County Water
Resources Agency
San Luis Obispo County Flood
Control And Water Conservation
District
Department of Defense
Installation
Incorporated Place
County Boundary
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
Source: California Natural Resource Agency,
USGS, City of Monterey,
County of Monterey
ATTACHMENT 1
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Economic Growth Trends
Economic trends can help identify growth potential
of the South County Study Area and how some of
that growth may relate to the military installations in the region.
Top Industries
An estimated 700 new jobs are generated in the
area every year. In the South County Study Area, the
major industries are health care and social
assistance, retail trade, and manufacturing.
7 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and the utility sector also employ large portions of the population.
Manufacturing, construction, education, and health
care have all experienced growth in recent years but
are not forecast to continue growing.
San Luis Obispo County has identified the following
clusters for industry opportunity: knowledge and
innovation service, specialized manufacturing,
health services, building design and construction,
wine and agriculture, and recreation and
accommodation.
8 Many of these clusters are already
well established in the county. Examples include
wine and other agricultural industries in the county
that spur related festivals in the region.
9 Paso
Robles's wine industry has made the area a premier
wine-making region, helping to develop related
tourism jobs in the county.
10 Over 200 wineries
produce more than 40 wine varietals. The growth of
the wine industry is also bolstering the growth of the
construction industry through the addition of new
hotels in Paso Robles to meet demand.
As described in Chapter 3, the military is also a
major industry in the region. Additional information
on the military industry can be found in Chapter 3.
7 https://www.slocoe.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Regional-LMIReport-2020-Final-Draft.pdf 8 https://slochamber.org/supporting-business/data-center/keyindustries/ Job Forecasts
Over 58,000 jobs currently exist in this Study Area.
It is projected that from 2020 to 2045, the number
of jobs will increase by approximately 7,800. Most
of these opportunities will be in unincorporated
areas of San Luis Obispo County. The projected
employment growth is listed in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5. Projected Employment Growth in the
South County Study Area, 2045
Jurisdiction 2020 2025 2035 2045
%
Growth
2020-
2045
King City* 8,195 8,248 8,511 8,832 8%
Paso Robles 14,837 15,447 16,460 16,972 14%
Unincorporated
San Luis
Obispo County
35,295 36,743 39,152 40,369 14%
Source: 2050 Regional Growth Forecast; Association of
Monterey Bay Area Governments 2022 Regional Growth (King City data).
Source: 2050 Regional Growth Forecast; Association of
Monterey Bay Area Governments 2022 Regional Growth (King City data).
9 https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Departments/County-AdministrativeOfficer/About-the-County.aspx 10Paso Robles Wine Country, Economic Impact.
https://pasowine.com/economic-impact/
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Housing Trends
The rate of housing development may indicate
development trends that could result in land uses
incompatible with operations at military installations.
Types of housing available and housing affordability
can help to determine whether housing needs to
support the military are being met.
Housing Units
Housing Units
Until mid-2022, San Luis Obispo County was in a
residential housing building boom. Large masterplanned communities throughout the county saw steady development but are not yet completely built
out. It remains to be seen how the recession will
impact long-term housing development. Just over
half (52.7%) of new housing units were built in the
incorporated cities in San Luis Obispo County.
Residential development is concentrated near the
City of San Luis Obispo and not near the military
installations. King City has 4,640 total units, while
Paso Robles has 12,290.
Population growth from 2010 to 2020 and strong
demand for homes have resulted in a general
decline of the available-for-sale housing inventory.
As Table 4.6 shows, both cities in the Study Area
have experienced an increase in housing units
during the last 10 years; however, while it is
anticipated that this trend will continue for Paso
Robles, it is anticipated that King City will
experience a decline in housing from
2020 to 2045.
Table 4.6. Housing Unit Trends and Projections for
the South County Study Area
Jurisdiction 2010 2020 2045*
%
Growth
2010-
2045
San Luis
Obispo County 117,315 123,715 137,664 17%
King City 4,499 4,640 4,403 -2%
Paso Robles 11,426 12,290 14,215 24%
Unincorporated
San Luis
Obispo County - - 55,888 -
Total 133,240 140,645 212,170 59%
*2045 projections are based on a medium scenario
**Total precludes the county-wide total
Sources: San Luis Obispo County Council of Governments
2050 Regional Growth Forecast; AMBAG; 2010 and 2020
Decennial Census
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It is projected that the number of housing units will
increase by 8,000 units by 2045, mostly in
unincorporated areas of San Luis Obispo County.
The projected housing forecast is shown in
Table 4.6.
Housing occupancy for the county is at 87%, which
is slightly below the national average of 89%. King
City has a higher rate of occupancy for its housing
at 94%. Paso Robles also has a home occupancy
rate of 94%.
112010 and 2019 ACS 1-year
Housing Values
Median Home Values
The home values in San Luis Obispo County have
increased rapidly in recent years. The median home
value for the entire county is $635,500, almost
double the national median value of $374,900. In
King City in 2020, the median home value was
$248,000, and in Paso Robles, it was $465,900.
Median Rental Prices
The increase in the number of renter households
since 2010 has outpaced the number of rental
housing units added to the market (which are newly
constructed apartments and sales housing that
shifted to the rental market), contributing to the
tightening of the rental market. Approximately 45%
of renter households in the region in 2020 lived in
single-family attached or detached homes, whereas
only 26% live in multifamily homes with five or more
units, typically apartments; in 2010, the comparable
figures were 50% and 22%, respectively.11 The
median rental price for the entire county is $2,427
per month, significantly higher than the national
average of $1,503. Paso Robles has a median
monthly rent of $2,169, while King City has a
median monthly rent of $1,133.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Existing Tools
This chapter reviews existing programs, plans, policies, laws, governing regulations, and other planning tools that are used, applied, or are available for addressing the
compatibility findings identified in the Study Area. Several of these tools address compatibility either directly or indirectly through other topics covered. This review
summarizes applicable planning tools and how each may
apply to compatibility findings, as defined in Chapter 6:
Compatibility Assessment.
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Inside Chapter 5…
5.1 DoD-Specific Tools .......................................... 5-2
5.2 Other Federal Tools ........................................ 5-8
5.3 Military Tools................................................ 5-16
5.4 Military-related State Legislation
and Programs ............................................... 5-19
5.5 Other State Tools .......................................... 5-22
5.6 Regional Tools .............................................. 5-26
5.7 Local Tools ................................................... 5-28
5.1. DoD-Specific Tools
Federal tools assist land use decision-makers
and planners at all levels of government in
making informed decisions that enable
compatible land use development between
military installations and the surrounding
communities.
Federal law authorizes federal, state, and local entities to implement regulatory measures and policies to protect the multiple resources that are involved in land use and military compatibility planning. These measures and policies are intended to protect the quality of life and general welfare of the public and to preserve military areas. The following tools are specific to the DoD.
Land Use
Army Compatible Use Buffer Program
Title 10, Section 2684a, of the United States Code
authorizes the DoD to partner with non-federal
governments and private organizations to establish
buffer zones around critical active military assets
through the Army Compatible Use Buffer (ACUB)
program. Through ACUB, Army installations can
work with organization partners, such as land trusts,
to acquire land or development rights to establish
buffer zones. Such zones can help protect habitats,
biologically and culturally sensitive areas, and
military training areas without acquiring any new
land for Army ownership. The partner organization
is the entity that acquires and manages the land or
land rights.
DoD Conservation Partnering Initiative
Title 10 U.S. Code §2684a and §2694, authorizes
the DoD to partner with other federal agencies, state
and local governments, and conservation-based
nongovernmental organizations to set aside lands
near military bases for conservation purposes and to
prevent incompatible development from
encroaching on and interfering with military
missions. This law constitutes an additional tool for
supporting conservation and environmental
stewardship on and off military installations.
DoD Readiness and Environmental
Protection Integration
The Readiness and Environmental Protection
Integration (REPI) program implements authority
granted by the DoD Conservation Partnering
Initiative. The initiative enables the DoD to work with state and local governments, non-governmental
organizations, and willing landowners to limit
encroachment and incompatible land use by
preserving undeveloped land. The preserved areas
can serve as buffers around installations to further
protect installation missions.
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Sustainable Range Program
Encroachment on Army training and firing ranges
has become a major concern in recent years.
Pressure from urbanization, environmental
protection efforts, competition for airspace and
electromagnetic frequencies, and changes in public
perception regarding national security needs have
limited mission capabilities and operations at
installations nationwide. Furthermore, open ranges
are increasingly becoming “islands” of biodiversity
amidst urban development. These concerns, in
addition to public nuisances, such as smoke and
noise, have led to apprehension about the nature
and use of military ranges.
The Sustainable Range Program (SRP) is the Army’s
overall approach to improving the design,
operation, use, and management of its ranges to
ensure the long-term sustainability of these facilities.
The SRP’s core programs are the Range and
Training Land Program and the Integrated Training
Area Management Program, which focus on the
optimal use and capability of the Army's ranges and
training land. To ensure the accessibility and
availability of Army ranges and training land, the
SRP core programs are integrated with the facilities
management, environmental management,
munitions management, and safety program
functions supporting optimal use and capability.
Energy
DoD Directive 4170.11 Installation Energy
Management
Directive 4170.11 requires that installation energy
management meet applicable goals and policies
and that:
n Utility infrastructure be secure, reliable, and
efficient
n Utility commodities be procured effectively and
efficiently
n Energy and water conservation efforts be
maximized
The availability, reliability, and security of electrical, water, and fuel resources and supporting
infrastructure are critical for installation resiliency and continuity in case of events driven by climate
change impacts.
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Military Aviation and Installation
Assurance Siting Clearinghouse
The Military Aviation and Installation Assurance
Siting Clearinghouse (The Clearinghouse) works
with industry to overcome risks to national security
while promoting compatible domestic energy
development. Energy production facilities and
transmission projects involving tall structures, such
as wind turbines, solar power towers and panels,
and electrical transmission towers, may degrade
military testing and training operations. In the
national system of ground-based surveillance radars,
the creation of "clutter" generated from wind
turbines can present a hazard to air safety and
surveillance. Wind turbines located near military test
and training ranges can also impact airborne
military radar capabilities. Likewise, solar systems
may present hazards to aircraft and air traffic control tower operations due to possible "glint" or longer
duration "glare" reflecting off of panels. Finally, the electromagnetic interference from electricity
transmission lines can impact critical DoD testing
activities.
Department of the Navy Installation
Energy Resilience Strategy 2020
The Department of the Navy’s Installation Energy
Resilience Strategy was developed with a vision of
“assured energy whenever and wherever it’s
required to enable mission accomplishment.” The
purpose of the strategy is to achieve energy
assurance at Navy installations. The strategy
provides specific goals and metrics to Navy shore
installations to achieve this mission. The three goals
are related to resiliency, reliability, and efficiency.
The metrics are related to developing installation
energy plans, delivering reliability and resilience,
testing mission continuity, and investing in energy.
Army Installation Strategy
The 2020 Army Installations Strategy recognizes the
likelihood of impacts as the result of climate change.
Damaged infrastructure, loss of testing/training
days, health impacts to soldiers, and energy and
water demand changes are all identified as potential
impacts that can be detrimental to military readiness.
The Army Installation Strategy identifies several
potential strategic outcomes directly or indirectly
affected by climate change. These outcomes include
the Army’s ability to project combat power, sustain
military operations, and modernize its installations.
The Strategy identifies the need to adapt to climate
change impacts by strengthening readiness and
resilience of the installation.
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Safety and Security
Ammunition and Explosives Safety
Standards 385-64
The Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-64
details the Army’s safety criteria and standards for
operations involving ammunition and explosives.
The pamphlet includes mandatory procedures and
guidance as well as preferred methods of executing
those procedures. Pertinent information in the
pamphlet includes, but is not limited to, explosives
safety training standards, explosives safety
management programs, safety inspection
procedures, and guidance for the creation of
installation ammunition/explosive location maps.
DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards
for Buildings (UFC 4-010-01)
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 4-010-01 sets
minimum security standards for DoD facility and
master planning. The purpose of these standards is
to provide appropriate, implementable, and
enforceable measures to establish a level of
protection against terrorist attacks based on the
specific protection needs of individual installations
and facilities. Required security measures, such as
allowable standoff distances, vary relative to facility siting within a controlled perimeter or on an open
installation.
Cultural
Army Regulation 200-4 Cultural
Resources Management
Army Regulation 200-4 specifies the requirement
for Army facilities to establish an Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) that outlines
management practices for cultural resources.
DoD Instruction 4715.16
This DoD Instruction provides guidance for
compliance with Federal regulatory requirements for
the integrated management of cultural resources on
DoD land. Cultural resources include prehistoric
and historic-period objects, documents,
photographs, structures, sites, and landscapes of
cultural importance.
SECNAV Instruction 400.35B Department
of the Navy Cultural Resources Program
This instruction from the Secretary of the Navy
establishes policy and assigns responsibilities within
the Navy and U.S. Marines for fulfilling legally
mandated compliance requirements for managing
cultural resources that the Department of the Navy
control or manages.
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Environmental
Army Regulation 200-1, Environmental
Protection and Enhancement
This regulation implements federal, state, and local
environmental laws and DoD policies for preserving,
conserving, and restoring the environment. This
regulation should be used in conjunction with Title
32 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 651,
which defines Army policy on National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements and
supplemental program guidance.
DoD Instruction 4715.03 Natural
Resource Conservation Program
This DoD Instruction provides guidance for
compliance with Federal, State, and local regulatory
requirements for the integrated management of
natural resources on DoD land. The Instruction
specifies that those DoD components that are
responsible for natural resource management shall
also ensure that installations prepare an Integrated
Natural Resource Management Plan.
Chief of Naval Operations Instruction
5090.1E, Environmental Readiness
Program
The Environmental Readiness Program is issued
under the Secretary of the Navy Instruction 5098.8A
Policy for Environmental Protection, Natural
Resources and Cultural Resource Program. The
program outlines the requirements, responsibilities,
and policy guidance for managing environmental,
natural, and cultural resources for both Navy ships
and shore activities.
Sikes Act
The Sikes Act requires the DoD to develop and
implement Integrated Natural Resource Management
Plans (INRMPs) for military installations across the
U.S. INRMPs are prepared in cooperation with the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
and state fish and wildlife agencies to ensure proper
consideration of fish, wildlife, and habitat needs.
The Sikes Act requires INRMPs to be reviewed at
least every five years with the USFWS and state fish
and wildlife agencies.
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Noise
DoD Operational Noise Management
Program
The DoD Operational Noise Management Program
is the DoD mechanism for addressing military noiserelated issues associated with test and training operations and integrating military noise
management principles into plans and programs for
installations, operational ranges, and other training
and offshore operating areas. DoD components are
required to analyze and incorporate military noise
considerations into environmental reviews,
determinations, and decision documents in
accordance with the NEPA, National Historic
Preservation Act, ESA, and other applicable federal
regulations and DoD guidance. This program is
intended to promote encroachment prevention
through community outreach and compatible land
use to maintain military readiness.
DoD Operational Noise Manual
The Operational Noise Manual was prepared for
DoD by the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion
and Preventive Medicine and released in November
2005. It provides a practical guide for military and
civilian personnel with duties and responsibilities in
operational noise management so they can work
together to be good neighbors and mitigate noise
issues. The manual assists personnel in
understanding and implementing current DoD
environmental policy and guidance. Most of the
manual is devoted to the following subjects:
Characteristics of sound; effects of noise; military
noise sources; noise monitoring; and reduction of
noise conflicts.
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5.2. Other Federal Tools
Cultural
American Indian Religious Freedom Act
The American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA)
establishes the rights of Native Americans to
exercise traditional religions, including accessing
culturally meaningful sites, using and possessing
sacred objects, and worshiping through traditional
ceremonies and rites.
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of
1979 (ARPA) was enacted to secure the protection
of archaeological resources and sites on public
lands and Indian lands, and foster increased
cooperation between governmental authorities, the
professional archaeological community, and private
individuals having collections of archaeological
resources and data.
National Historic Preservation Act
The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of
1966, as amended, requires federal agencies to
consider the effects of proposed undertakings on
properties listed on, or eligible for listing on, the
National Register of Historic Places. Section 106 of
the NHPA requires that each federal agency identify
and assess the effects its actions may have on
historic buildings.
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act
The Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act requires federal agencies and
institutions to return Native American cultural items
to lineal descendants and culturally affiliated
American Indian tribes, Alaska Native villages, and
Native Hawaiian organizations. Cultural items
include human remains, funerary objects, sacred
objects, and objects of cultural patrimony.
Drones
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Guidance on Drone Operations
The FAA governs unmanned aircraft systems (UAS),
commonly known as drones, in the national
airspace. Drone operations for small UAS aircraft,
defined as under 55 pounds, can be conducted
under the Small UAS Rule (Title 14 CFR, Part 107)
that requires operator certification among other UAS
regulations. Recreational use of small UAS aircraft is
permitted by 49 United States Code § 44809 as an
exception to Part 107, provided the operator follows
the eight requirements of this exception, including
registration of UAS vehicles. This exception is
sometimes referred to as the Recreational Use of
Model Aircraft Rule.
FAA Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Title 14 CFR Part 107 specifies operating
requirements for all UASs under a weight of 55
pounds. This includes manually operating the UAS,
maintaining a visual line-of-sight, and getting
approval from the relevant air traffic control tower
before operating in Class B, C, D, and E airspace
using the Low Altitude Authorization and
Notification Capability (LAANC) desktop or mobile
app. It also sets operational limitations, including a
weight limit of 55 pounds, a speed limit of 100
miles per hour, a height limit of 400 feet, and only
permits daylight operations. UAS operators are
required to pass a remote pilot certification exam
and UASs must be registered with the FAA.
Certified UAS operators can request waivers to
operational requirements, including altitude and
special use airspace requirements and to fly at
night. Exceptions to this rule under the Recreational
Use of Model Aircraft Rule require registration of
small UASs with the FAA, marking aircraft with
registration numbers, and carrying proof of
registration while operating UASs.
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FAA UAS Registry
All UASs operating in the national airspace are
required to be registered with the FAA through its
Drone Zone website. The only exception is for
model aircraft that weigh under 0.55 pounds. The
Drone Zone website is
https://faadronezone.faa.gov/#/.
The FAA may take enforcement action against
anyone who conducts an unauthorized UAS
operation or operates a UAS in a way that
endangers the safety of the national airspace system.
The types of FAA enforcement tools include warning
notices, letters of correction, and civil penalties.
FAA Guidance to Law Enforcement
The FAA asks local law enforcement agencies to
document and provide the following information to
FAA:
n Identity of operators and witnesses
(name, contact information)
n Type of operation
(hobby, commercial, public/governmental)
n Type of device(s) and registration information
(number/certificate)
n Event location and incident details
(date, time, place)
n Evidence collection
(photos, video, device confiscation)
Additionally, the FAA recommends law enforcement to:
Always follow agency policies and take
appropriate action based on the facts and
circumstances of the incident and site/area
specific laws and rules. FAA enforcement
action does not impact any enforcement
action(s) taken by long endurance aircraft.
Local ordinances that may apply include,
but are not limited to: Reckless
endangerment, criminal mischief,
voyeurism, inciting violence.
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Energy
Department of Energy Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is
responsible for developing and delivering marketdriven solutions for energy-saving homes, buildings, and manufacturing; sustainable transportation; and
renewable electricity generation.
The DOE’s Wind Energy Technology Program funds
research and development in wind power
technology and evaluates market barriers such as
environmental impacts, project siting, permitting
processes, and the potential effects of wind energy
development on U.S. airspace and waterways. The
program also assesses domestic wind energy
potential, serves as a technical information resource,
assists in the development of wind farm siting and
permitting guidelines, and helps to develop testing
centers for wind energy equipment.
The DOE’s Solar Energy Technologies Program
funds research for developing and delivering
innovative solar power technology that can compete
with other sources of energy. Much of the research
supports photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies
that can be used to convert sunlight into energy.
Environmental
Clean Air Act
The Clean Air Act (CAA) is a comprehensive federal
law that regulates air emissions from stationary and
mobile sources to control air pollution. The CAA
also gives the EPA the authority to limit emissions of
air pollutants originating from sources. Under the
CAA, the EPA establishes limits for six criteria
pollutants through the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS). Standards are established to
protect public health and welfare. Individual states
may have more stringent air pollution laws, but they
may not have less stringent standards than those set
by the EPA. Under the law, states must develop State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) that outline how each
state will control air pollution under the CAA.
Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA) governs and provides
guidance for the management of water resources
and controls and monitors water pollution in the U.S.
The CWA establishes the goal of eliminating the
release of toxic substances and other sources of
water pollution to ensure that surface waters meet
high-quality standards.
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Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
(CZMA)
The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972
(16 U.S.C. § 1451, et seq., as amended) encourages
states to develop land and water use programs in
coastal zones in cooperation with federal and local
agencies. The CZMA was initially created in 1972
and is administered by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. The
CZMA provides a procedure for states to review
federal actions for consistency with their own
approved coastal management program. It also
provides approved states with matching federal
funding to administer their programs. The CZMA
provides programs and assistance to address a wide
range of issues, including climate variability, energy
facility siting, water quality, and habitat protection.
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act
The Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), widely
known as Superfund Act, supports the clean-up of
sites with hazardous contaminants and federal
responses to the release, or the threatened release,
of hazardous substances that may endanger public
health or the environment. CERCLA authorities
complement those of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, which primarily regulates
ongoing hazardous waste handling and disposal.
Hazardous waste is sometimes present in or around
military installations, particularly where munitions
and ordnance are stored and used for training
purposes. If not disposed of properly, hazardous
waste can be harmful to the installation tenants,
surrounding communities, and the environment.
While the hazardous substance cleanup process
may be complex, it protects people and the
environment from further contamination.
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Endangered Species Act
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973
established a program for the conservation of
threatened and endangered plants and animals and
their habitats. Under the ESA, species may be listed
as either endangered or threatened. When a
species is proposed for listing as endangered or
threatened under the ESA, USFWS must consider
whether there are areas of habitat believed essential
to the species’ conservation. Designation of those
areas as "critical habitat" may be proposed. A
critical habitat designation does not necessarily
restrict further development; it is a reminder to
federal agencies that they must make a special effort
to protect the important characteristics of
these areas.
The ESA requires federal agencies ensure that
actions they “authorize, fund, or carry out are not
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any
listed species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of designated critical habitat of
such species.”
National Environmental Policy Act
NEPA established the nation’s policy regarding the
protection and enhancement of the environment. It
requires federal agencies analyze and consider the
potential environmental impacts of their actions. The
purpose of NEPA is to promote informed decisionmaking by federal agencies by providing detailed information concerning significant environmental
impacts on ecological and natural resources, as well
as the human environment, such as community
character, public health and safety, and
cultural resources.
All federal agencies, including the DoD, and all
federally funded undertakings must comply with
NEPA, including documentation requirements
before receiving a permit, approval, or funding.
NEPA requires the military review the potential
impact of proposed actions on the environment,
including potential impacts on surrounding civilian
communities, and consider measures to reduce,
avoid, or mitigate identified adverse environmental
impacts.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System
Per the CWA, the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit program
controls water pollution by regulating point sources
that discharge into U.S. waters. Individual homes
that are connected to a municipal system, that use a
septic system, or that do not have a surface
discharge do not need an NPDES permit; however,
industrial, municipal, and other facilities must obtain permits if they discharge directly to surface waters.
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Safe Drinking Water Act
Reliable source of clean, potable water is necessary
for any population center to function and grow, as
well as for mission activities at military installations.
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) ensures the
quality of drinking water in the U.S. The SDWA
authorizes the EPA to set national health-based
drinking water standards to protect against both
naturally occurring and man-made water
contaminants. The SDWA applies to every public
water system in the U.S.
Land Use
Federal Land Policy and Management Act
of 1976
The Federal Land Policy and Management Act
(FLPMA) authorizes the Bureau of Land Management
to manage its lands and plan for land uses
according to national and local interests. The law
mandates that BLM lands identified for development
shall uphold and protect the scientific, scenic,
historical, ecological, environmental, and other
values unique to specific geographies. This law is
the impetus for resource management plans, which
are developed by and/or prepared for the BLM to
meet the federal requirements.
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Noise
Department of Housing and Urban
Development Noise Regulation
The United States Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) has instituted policies through
Title24 CFR Part 51 that promote state and local
controls and standards for community noise
abatement. The department’s goal is to reduce noise
levels within residential developments that are
funded by HUD.
Noise Control Act of 1972
The Noise Control Act of 1972 acknowledged that
inadequately controlled noise has the potential to
endanger health and quality of life. It stated that all Americans are entitled to an environment free from
excessive noise. The Noise Control Act provides
critical support for mitigating compatibility concerns
about military-related noise due to encroaching
development and increased population near
military installations.
Safety
U.S. Air Force Avian Hazard Advisory
System
The Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) is a GISbased bird avoidance model that was developed by the U.S. Air Force for the “analysis and correlation
of bird habitat, migration, and breeding
characteristics, combined with key environmental
and man-made geospatial data.” The model
provides up-to-date information about bird activity
and movements to assist pilots and flight planners in
the scheduling and use of flight routes. The model
can also be used as a forecasting tool to estimate
bird strike risk.
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Vertical Obstructions
Federal Aviation Act
The Federal Aviation Act provides methods for
overseeing and regulating civilian and military use
of airspace. The Act requires the Secretary of
Transportation make long-range plans that formulate
policy for the orderly development and use of
navigable air space. The intent is to serve the needs
of both civilian aeronautics and national defense.
Military planning strives to work alongside local,
state, and federal aviation regulations and policies,
but sometimes must supersede these due to national
security interests. The act created the FAA and
charged the FAA with implementing the law.
Chapter 1, Subchapter E, Part 77 (Safe, Efficient
Use, and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace) of
Title 14 of the CFR, which codified the Federal
Aviation Act, is a critical component of the CFR that
established mechanisms for determining if proposed
structures or objects would constitute vertical
obstructions or flight hazards to navigable airspace.
Part 77 specifies the distance and imaginary surface
dimensions around civil and military airports that are
used to assess flight risk due to the proposed
construction of towers or tall structures and that
developers and local jurisdictions can use to plan
and assess height restrictions near airfields.
Telecommunications Act of 1996 and the
Federal Communications Commission
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was, in large
part, intended to increase competition in the
telecommunications marketplace. The increasing use
and development of personal mobile phones,
satellite transmission, high-speed fiber optics, and
related technologies continuously create demand for
new telecommunications technology
and infrastructure.
New telecommunication tower siting requires
compliance with the Federal Communications
Commission’s (FCC) environmental standards and
procedures, including compliance with NEPA, the
ESA, and the National Historic Preservation Act;
adherence to applicable FAA requirements; and
adherence to FCC registration requirements.
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5.3. Military Tools
Military installation development and management
plans guide land use and development activities on
base and (sometimes) on land adjacent to an
installation. These tools principally guide land use
decisions that occur within the boundary of the
military installation or mission footprint and are
instrumental in assisting and guiding land use
decisions regarding base operations.
North County Study Area
Presidio of Monterey
POM has multiple area development plans that make
up the Presidio's Real Property Master Plan. The
following is a summary of these plans.
Area Development Plans
Presidio of Monterey Area Development Plan
The Presidio of Monterey Area Development Plan
identifies future development capacity at the
installation based on the current vision for the
installation. One of the six goals of the plan is to
“support and create community collaboration” that
would make the mission at the Presidio more costeffective. The plan focuses on future barracks siting, dining and administrative support siting, parking
capacity, lodging renovation, the upper Presidio of
Monterey Gate, and natural and cultural constraints.
Presidio of Monterey, Presidio District Area Development Plan 2018
Finalized in 2018, the Presidio District Area
Development Plan is the property master plan for the
Presidio District Area of POM. The vision for the
Presidio District is to:
Maximize mission readiness and support unit
responsiveness by providing efficient
facilities and infrastructure, fostering a
pedestrian-oriented environment, conserving
resources, strengthening community
partnerships, and preserving cultural and
military heritage.
The plan also emphasizes strengthening community
partnerships to improve the community’s access to
the district and to reduce traffic.
Presidio of Monterey Ord Military Community District Area Development Plan 2015
The Ord Military Community District Area Development
Plan was updated in 2015 and is part of Presidio’s Real Property Master Plan. The plan establishes a real property vision for the OMC District and identifies goals to achieve the vision. The vision for the OMC District is:
A safe and secure OMC that promotes
healthy lifestyles for service members and
their families through enhanced accessibility
to natural and commercial amenities and
integration with the community through
partnerships and quality development while
preserving the natural environment.
A primary goal is collaboration with neighboring
partners to enhance resources and strengthen the
region as a whole. Methods to achieve this include
collaborating with transit and civic leaders,
integrating bike paths in the OMC with bike paths in
the surrounding area, and having consistent
communication with the community to identify and
consider impacts on the OMC’s open campus.
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Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan 2004
The POM Integrated Cultural Resources
Management Plan (ICRMP) was last updated in
2004. The ICRMP is the guiding document for
cultural resource management on POM. The ICRMP
established policies and procedures for internal and
regional coordination related to cultural resources. It also identifies standard operating procedures for
identifying historic properties under heritage laws
and executing a range of other procedures.
Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan 2008
The 2008 INRMP was developed in compliance with
the Sikes Act to guide natural resource management
consistent with the Army’s mission. It addresses
issues related to land management, grounds
maintenance, fish and wildlife management,
endangered species protection and enhancement,
cultural resources, and outdoor recreation.
Naval Support Activity Monterey
Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan 2013
The INRMP for NSA Monterey was updated in 2013
and serves as the natural resource management plan
for all properties comprising the NSA Monterey. The
INRMP covers the following topics: ecosystem
approach, physical and chemical environment,
habitats and communities, fish and wildlife
management, special status species, invasive
species, prevention and control of wildlife damage,
data integration, sustainability of the military mission within the environment, adapting to climate change
and regional growth impacts, sustainability of the
built environment, collaborative resource planning,
outdoor recreation, education, and public outreach,
public access to NSAM, the integration of other
plans, NEPA compliance, resource consultation
planning, landscaping and grounds maintenance,
training, and enforcement.
Naval Postgraduate School Strategic Plan 2018-2023
The NPS Strategic Plan for 2018-2023 is a five-year
strategic plan that identifies actions pertaining to
excellence and innovation in emerging fields critical
to national defense, interdisciplinary education and
research programs, and institutional innovation and
effectiveness.
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South County Study Area
Camp Roberts
Army Compatible Use Buffer
Camp Roberts is part of the ACUB program.
Properties included in the ACUB program are mostly
east of the installation; however, there are additional acres proposed for inclusion in the ACUB program.
Most of these areas are agricultural.
Camp Roberts Joint Land Use Study 2013
The Camp Roberts Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) was
prepared for San Luis Obispo County in 2013. The
JLUS was a collaborative, regional effort among San
Luis Obispo and Monterey Counties, the City of
Paso Robles, and Camp Roberts to identify
strategies for mitigating compatibility issues between
the community and Camp Roberts. Topics
addressed in the JLUS included: coordination and
communication between Camp Roberts and the
community; land use encroachment; safety concerns
related to surface danger zones, airfield safety
zones, and wildfires; vertical obstructions; housing
in the community; and other factors. Many of the
strategies identified in the JLUS are ongoing and are
still relevant and applicable to Camp Roberts and
the surrounding communities.
Readiness and Environment Protection Integration
Camp Roberts is part of the REPI program. The Ag
Land Trust is working with Camp Roberts to acquire
easements that would preserve surrounding lands
for agricultural use and prevent encroachment of
residential development. Other partners include the
California Department of Fish and Wildlife,
Monterey County, and San Luis Obispo County. In
total, there are over 19,000 acres preserved.
Camp Roberts Integrated Natural Resource
Management Plan
The Camp Roberts INRMP was last updated in 2011.
The INRMP guides species and habitat management
on Camp Roberts, including for grasslands,
woodlands, and the riparian and aquatic habitats of
the three rivers that traverse the installation.
Elements of the plan include animal species
management and vegetation and land management.
Fort Hunter Liggett
Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan
The FHL Integrated Natural Resources Management
Plan was last updated in 2012 to help mitigate
negative impacts of military activities on the
environment and enhance the ecosystem. The
INRMP outlines management practices for land,
water, and soil, protected species, and other flora
and fauna.
Real Property Master Plan
The 2012 FHL Real Property Master Plan identifies
the vision, goals, and principles that are to guide
installation planning. Fort Hunter Liggett’s planning
goals include a flexible training environment, an
attractive small town, walkable main streets, and a
usable town square.
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5.4. Military-related
State Legislation
and Programs
The State of California has a strong history of
collaborating with the military. This section
summarizes the legislation and programs that
support that collaboration, including legislation that
ensures notification, awareness, and review
processes that are integral to
compatible development.
Economic
Section 115.6 of the California Business
and Professions Code
Section 115.6 of the California Business and
Professions Code relates to licensure of veterans
and military spouses. On January 1, 2023, the
requirements to issue temporary licenses to practice
a profession or vocation were expanded to include
licenses issued by any board within the Department
of Consumer Affairs.
Environmental
Assembly Bill 1108 (2002) California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
California Public Resource, Code Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA statute_ § 21098 Low-Level Flight
Path; Military Impact Zone; Special Use Airspace),
mandates CEQA lead agencies notify military
installations when a proposed project meets certain
criteria. The purpose is to ensure the military is
aware of projects that could potentially impact
military operations. This statute provides military
agencies with early notice of proposed projects
within two miles of installations, low-level flight
paths, and special use airspace. Military installations must provide local planning agencies with relevant
information such as land use needs and boundary
lines for critical operations and impact areas, as well as viable points of contact. Local lead agencies
must, in turn, give notice to military installations of proposed projects within those boundaries, if: (1) a
project includes a general plan amendment, (2) a
project is of statewide, regional, or area-wide
significance, or (3) a project must be referred to the
Advisory Land Use Committee (ALUC) or similarly
designated body. The CEQA provision allows
military installations early input on local projects so that potential conflicts can be identified, evaluated,
and addressed proactively.
California Code, Title 14, Section 15229
Baseline Analysis for Military Base Reuse
Plan EIRs
This state code sets baseline physical conditions for
EIS preparation for any former military base reuse
plan as those conditions that existed at the time of
federal base realignment or closure decision.
Impacts which do not exceed the baseline physical
conditions are not to be considered significant. The
statue also outlines procedures that the agency must
take in developing the Environmental Impact Report.
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Land Use
Government Code, Title 7, Article 3,
Application for Development Projects
Per this regulation, an applicant must include
information about whether the proposed
development is located within 1,000 feet of a
military installation, or beneath a low-level flight path or within special use airspace, and public agency
acceptance of the proposal, must notify the branch
of the U.S. Armed Forces of the application and
provide a copy of the application. If requested by
any branch of the military, the public agency and
the applicant shall consult with the military to
discuss impacts.
Government Code, Title 7, Article 6,
Preparation, Adoption, and Amendment
of the General Plan
Per this regulation, prior to a legislative body
adopting or substantially amending a general plan,
shall notify the branch of the U.S. Armed Forces if
the proposed action is within 1,000 feet of a military
installation, or lies within special use airspace, or
beneath a low-level flight path.
Section 65040.2 of California
Government Code
California Public Resource Government Code
65040.2 requires the State Office of Planning and
Research (OPR) to provide guidance on
incorporating military installation compatibility into
general plans and how general plans should
consider the impact of civilian growth on readiness
activities at military bases, installations, and training areas. The statute includes the following methods to
address military compatibility in a general plan:
n The land use element must consider the impact
of new growth on military readiness activities,
military installations, and military operating and
training areas for land adjacent to military
facilities or underlying designated military
aviation routes and airspace.
n The open-space element must include
designations for open spaces, which include
areas adjacent to military installations, military
training routes, and restricted airspace.
n The circulation element must include the general
location of existing and proposed military
airports and ports.
SB 1468 is part of a state policy package that
promotes the development of partnerships between
communities and the military for collaboration on
compatible land use issues. The OPR encourages
local jurisdictions near military installations and
under military training routes or restricted airspace
to incorporate the above items into their
general plans.
Local governments are not currently required by
law, however, to incorporate the SB 1468 military
compatibility guidance in their general plans. The
bill specifies that if a funding agreement is reached
between OPR and the military to support planning
efforts, the inclusion of military compatibility issues in a general plan would be mandatory.
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State Aeronautics Act
The State Aeronautics Act (Public Utilities Code,
Section 21001) requires the preparation of a Land
Use Compatibility Plan (LUCP) for nearly all publicuse airports and military airfields in the state. It requires an Airport Land Use Commission formulate
an LUCP for military airfields following the same
requirements as public-use airports and consistent
with safety and noise standards defined in the Air
Installation Compatible Use Zone Program. The
intent of an LUCP is to encourage compatibility
between airports and the various communities that
surround them.
California Advisory Handbook for
Community and Military Compatibility
Planning
The requirement for a compatibility handbook was
established in Government Code §65040.9. The
handbook, prepared by the OPR, provides
explanations for how to reduce land use conflicts
between community development and military
missions and operations, that can be used by local
officials, planners, and builders.
The Handbook was updated in 2016 to guide the
development of processes and plans that can sustain
local economies, safeguard military readiness, and
protect the health and safety of residents living near
military bases. The Handbook is a useful tool for
developing a compatible use study, as it describes
in detail the different compatibility issues that should be explored and the types of compatibility tools
available to address those issues.
California Military Land Use Compatibility
Analyst
The California Military Land Use Compatibility
Analyst (CMLUCA) is a mapping tool that was
developed by the Governor’s OPR to assist the
development community and local governments in
determining if a project affects military training
areas and airspace. The CMLUCA identifies where a
project is, relative to the nearest military installation.
This mapping application enables users to assess
compliance with state legislation that requires the
development community and local government
agencies notify the military of any project that may
affect military readiness.
The Airport Land Use Planning
Handbook, Caltrans
Prepared by the Caltrans Division of Aeronautics in
2002, the Airport Land Use Planning Handbook
supports the implementation of the State Aeronautics
Act (California Public Utilities Code, Section 21670
et seq.), which established statewide requirements
for airport land use compatibility planning. This
handbook can be found at:
www.dot.ca.gov/hq/planning/aeronaut/documents
/alucp/AirportLandUsePlanningHandbook.pdf
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5.5. Other State Tools
Coastal
California Coastal Act
The California Coastal Act of 1976 established
provisions for guiding and regulating land uses in
and around a shoreline. The Act defined the goals
and policies for coastal management, set the
boundaries of the state’s coastal zone, and created
mechanisms such as the Coastal Commission to
implement the coastal management program.
California Coastal Management Program
The California Coastal Management Program is a
combination of state and local planning and
regulatory authorities that implement controls for
land use, air, and water resources along the coast.
The California Coastal Management Program
comprises three agencies:
n The California Coastal Commission
n The San Francisco Bay Conservation and
Development Commission
n The California Coastal Conservancy
These three agencies are responsible for the
management, protection, restoration, and
enhancement of California’s coastal resources along
various segments of the coastline. These agencies
fulfill their responsibilities through a variety of
actions, including planning, permitting, and
non-regulatory measures.
Specifically, the California Coastal Commission
manages development along the California coast.
The California Coastal Conservancy purchases,
protects, restores, and enhances coastal resources
and provides access to the shore. The Coastal
Program is governed primarily by the California
Coastal Act, McAteer-Petris Act, and Suisan Marsh
Preservation Act. The California Coastal
Commission's planning area — or coastal zone —
extends 1,000 yards, or slightly more than half a
mile, inland from the mean high tide line. However,
in significant coastal estuary and recreational areas,
the coastal zone can extend inland to the first major
ridgeline, or five miles from the mean high tide line,
whichever is less. The coastal zone extends less than
1,000 yards, or slightly less than half a mile, in
developed urban areas. The Coastal Commission
reviews activities that affect the coastal zone,
regardless of their location.
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Cultural
Assembly Bill 2641
The Native American Human Remains and Multiple
Human Remains legislation (Chapter 863, Statutes of
2006) amends the Public Resources Code relating
to burial grounds. The law authorizes the creation of
a commission to prevent disturbance of Native
American burial grounds or places of worship. The
bill requires meaningful discussion between
landowners and the descendants of those whose
remains are found to ensure the remains are treated
according to tribal preferences during development
activities. The commission must contact the most
likely descendants of Native American remains in
the event of notification of discovery from a county
coroner. The landowner and federal and state
governments must also ensure that the area
surrounding human remains is not disturbed or
damaged until consultation with descendants has
taken place and their recommendations considered.
Senate Bill 18 (2004)
California SB 18 (Chapter 904, Statutes 2004)
established the Native American Heritage
Commission to prevent severe and irreparable
damage to Native American sanctified cemeteries,
places of worship, religious or ceremonial sites, and
shrines located on public property. It provides for
the maintenance of a contact list that includes
federally recognized California Native American
tribes and non-federally recognized California
Native American tribes that have the authority to
acquire and hold conservation easements.
SB 18 requires all planning agencies to refer to and
provide involvement opportunities for California
Native American tribes regarding proposed actions
that could affect them. Before the adoption or
amendment of a city or county general plan, the
jurisdiction must consult with California Native
American tribes to preserve certain places, features,
and objects located within the jurisdiction.
Environmental
California Clean Air Act
In 1988, the California General Assembly passed the
California Clean Air Act (CCAA), which furthers the
mission of the Federal CAA. The CCAA establishes
the authority for air pollution control districts or air quality management districts to implement the
measures necessary to maintain and/or restore air
quality to the state standards for air pollutants. In
addition, the CCAA established requirements that
assure district plans and measures will achieve state
standards for air pollutants. For example, the CCAA
requires district plans and measures to achieve an
annual, 5% reduction in emissions or include all
feasible strategies for achieving such reduction and
implementation expedited.
Per the CCAA, district plans must include the
following statement regarding intentions for any
areas that are in serious nonattainment:
No net increase in emissions from new and
modified stationary sources; and best
available retrofit technology for
existing sources.
The CCAA directly applies to the North County
Study Area because the area is in nonattainmenttransitional for ozone (O3) and nonattainment for PM10. For more information about air quality, see
Section 6.2.1 Air Quality.
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California Environmental Quality Act
The CEQA was enacted in 1970 to protect the
environment by requiring public agencies to analyze
and disclose the potential environmental impacts of
proposed land use decisions. CEQA was modeled
after NEPA and specifically designed such that
fulfilling NEPA compliance obligations will also
fulfill CEQA obligations.
These environmental laws are further integrated, or
“nested,” with historic preservation laws: cultural
resource compliance under NEPA can be achieved
through compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA,
which in turn fulfills cultural resource compliance
obligations under state law.
The purpose of CEQA is to inform agency decisionmakers and the public about the potential environmental effects of proposed activities. Using
this information, decision-makers can identify ways
to avoid or significantly reduce those impacts.
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act
Under this act, last amended in January 2022, the
State Water Resources Control Board and the nine
regional water control boards have broad authority
to perform water quality regulatory oversight to
preserve and enhance mutually beneficial uses of all
water in the state.
California Wildfire Coordinating Group
The California Wildfire Coordinating Group
(CWCG) is an interagency organization whose
purpose is to strengthen coordination,
communication, and cooperation in provisioning
support during wildland fire events. The CWCG
comprises various agencies that are involved in
fighting wildland fires:
n Bureau of Indian Affairs – Pacific Region
n Bureau of Land Management
n CAL FIRE
n California Emergency Management Agency
n California Department of Forestry and
Fire Protection
n Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
n U.S. Forest Service – Pacific Southwest Region
n National Park Service – Pacific West Region
n U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service –
Pacific Southwest Region
n Cooperating Fire Agencies
The CWCG operates two field offices — one in
Northern California and one in Southern California.
These offices provide a multitude of services to the
wildland firefighting community, including but not
limited to providing interagency coordination of fire
management policies and standards, establishing
committees to support CWCG activities,
recommending courses of action to promote safety,
and recommending policy changes to
agency administrators.
The CWCG serves as an information repository to
enable efficient, quick, and effective solutions
related to fighting wildfires.
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Land Use
California Farmland Conservancy
Program
The California Farmland Conservancy Program
(CFCP) of 1995, authorized by the California Code
of Regulations Title 14, Division 2, Chapter 2, is a
statewide grant program that supports and
encourages local government agencies and eligible
non-profit organizations to preserve California’s
leading industry — agriculture. The CFCP program
enables local government agencies in preserving
California’s valuable land assets by placing
farmlands into agricultural conservation easements.
The easements are essentially deed restrictions that
limit development within the easements while
preserving the natural environment for scenic or
commercial agricultural purposes. These easements
renew annually unless the landowner or the
government agencies opt for non-renewal, making it
non-permanent conservation. There is no minimum
number of years required to remain in the program,
and many parcels remain in the agriculture land use
category in perpetuity, despite ownership changes.
An alternative option to this program is a permanent
agricultural conservation easement, in which lands
are designated agricultural in perpetuity.
California Land Conservation Act /
Williamson Act
The California Land Conservation Act, or the
Williamson Act, was enacted in 1965 under
Governor Pat Brown to preserve and protect
California’s leading agriculture industry. The
Williamson Act enables local governments to enter
into contracts with private landowners to designate
certain parcels of land for only agricultural use or
open space. This designation results in lower
property taxes for landowners and a state subsidy
for local governments to cover foregone tax
revenues associated with participation. A Land
Conservation Agreement (LCA) through the
Williamson Act allows for a reduced tax assessment
during the period the agreement is in effect. The
agreements renew automatically unless the property
owner requests termination. Where LCAs include
lands that are designated for agricultural use and/or
for speculative use, the agreements automatically
terminate in 10 years, or earlier if findings are made
and taxes are repaid.
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5.6. Regional Tools
North County Study Area -
Regional Tools
Intergovernmental Support Agreement
Between the United State and the
Presidio Municipal Service Agency
This intergovernmental support agreement is
between the United States and the Cities of
Monterey and Seaside, functioning as the Presidio
Municipal Services Agency (PMSA) — a Joint
Powers Authority formed by Monterey and Seaside
to provide municipal services to the Presidio. The
IGSA outlines the roles and responsibilities of the
parties. As the IGSA notes, the relationship between
the PMSA and POM for support services is known as
the “Monterey Model.” Based on the Monterey
Model, IGSAs are now prevalent throughout DoD
and were codified by Congress in 2013 (10 U.S.
Code 2679). IGSAs allow military installations and
local governments to contract for essential base
services and supplies outside of normal federal
acquisition regulations. IGSAs generally provide
routine services that local government already
provide to the local community such as road and
building maintenance, emergency services,
recycling, and disposal to name but a few.
Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation Plan 2022
The Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan was last updated in 2022. The
purpose of this plan is to mitigate the potential for
future damages and economic losses related to all
hazards, qualify for grant funding to address preand post-disaster environments, speed up recovery and redevelopment efforts after disaster events,
sustain and enhance governmental coordination,
and comply with federal and state requirements for
hazard mitigation plans. NPS, POM, Fort Hunter
Liggett, as well as various other agencies, were
invited to participate in the plan.
South County Study Area –
Regional Tools
San Luis Obispo County Community
Wildfire Protection Plan 2019
The Community Wildfire Protection Plan for San Luis
Obispo County was last developed in 2019. The
purpose of the plan is to guide realization of a
community that is prepared for and resilient to the
impacts of wildland-urban interface fires. The plan
addresses fire protection planning efforts throughout
the county by providing a county-level planning
framework for wildfire hazard assessment and risk
reduction. The plan points to an automatic/mutual
aid agreement for fire departments throughout the
county, including Camp Roberts Fire Department.
San Luis Obispo County MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019 Update
The San Luis Obispo County Multi-Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation Plan is an adopted plan for
developing strategies and implementing solutions
that seek to reduce vulnerabilities to specific
hazards and mitigate or prevent associated human
and financial losses. The plan involves multiple
municipalities, community service districts, and
special districts. While Camp Roberts was not
identified as a participating agency, it was identified as an institution that the County coordinates with
independent of the Hazard Mitigation Plan.
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Monterey County Climate Action
Plan 2022
The Monterey County Climate Action Plan is
currently being developed as an update to the 2013
Climate Action Plan. The 2022 plan will set goals to
reduce County operation emissions by an additional
40% by 2030. This goal is aligned with the targets
set by the State.
Monterey County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan 2016
The Monterey County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan was last updated in 2016. The
document is an advisory document developed by
the Monterey Fire Safe Council with input from other
stakeholders to guide wildfire prevention and
preparation activities throughout the county. The
development of the plan involved local fire chiefs,
including from the Presidio of Monterey Fire
Department.
2005 Monterey County Regional
Transportation Plan
The Monterey County Regional Transportation Plan
was developed by the Transportation Agency for
Monterey County. It was last updated in 2005. The
plan serves as the basis for planning and
programming transportation funds for future
transportation projects in Monterey County.
Contributions of the Military to the
Monterey County Economy 2020
The Contributions of the Military to the Monterey
County Economy was prepared for the Monterey Bay
Defense Alliance by the Middlebury Institute of
Internal Studies at Monterey in 2020. The economic
report summarizes the DoD’s economic impact in
Monterey County in 2017 and 2018. The report
includes data from NSA Monterey, Fort Hunter
Liggett, Camp Roberts, POM, DMDC, Coast Guard
Station Monterey, and Gurley Veterans Affairs-DoD
Outpatient Clinic.
Regional Housing Needs Allocation Plan
AMBAG developed the draft Regional Housing
Needs Allocation Plan for 2023-2031. The plan
establishes the number of housing units that each
jurisdiction must plan over an eight-year horizon,
and based on these numbers, each jurisdiction must
update their housing element in their respective
general plans to demonstrate how they will meet
housing needs. AMBAG receives and distributes the
State’s overall housing allocation to each jurisdiction within Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties. The
allocation of houses falls within different income
distributions as defined by state law.
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5.7. Local Tools
In California, counties and municipalities have the authority to regulate land uses. They control land use through various regulations and planning efforts, including general plans, zoning ordinances, and other programs.
South County Study Area
Table 5.1 lists local plans and programs that currently support military-community compatibility in the South County Study Area.
Table 5.1 Local Military-related Plans and Programs - South County Study Area Plans/Programs City of King City City of Paso Robles San Luis Obispo County Monterey County General Plan Goals and
Policies Related to the
Military
None Policies related to
recognizing the
economic importance
of DLI and NPS; policies
that address airport
noise
Noise element with
military training areas at
Camp Roberts identified
as a source of noise;
promotes incorporating
Camp Roberts noise maps
into the element
South County Area Plan
includes land use policy
to reduce residential
encroachment adjacent
to FHL and the tank road
Zoning
Ordinance Regulations Related to
the Military
Military
Development
Review
None None None None
Military Land
Use Overlays None None None None
Housing None None None None
Intensity/
Density None None None None
Height None None None None
Sound
Attenuation None None None None
Lighting None None None None
Renewable
Energy None None None None
Subdivision
Regulations None None None None
Other Military-Related
Programs
Annual joint fire
drill training
between Camp
Roberts, FHL, San
Luis Obispo
County
Joint use airport, used
by the City and Camp
Roberts;
Mutual aid agreement
for fire response with
Camp Roberts
Mutual fire aid
agreements between
Camp Roberts and San
Luis Obispo County Fire
Department;
Annual joint fire drill
training with Camp
Roberts, FHL, and San Luis
Obispo County
None for South County
Study Area
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North County
Table 5.2 lists local plans and programs that currently support military-community compatibility in the North County Study Area.
Table 5.2 Local Military-Related Plans and Programs – North County Study Area Plans/
Programs
City of
Del Rey
Oaks City of Marina City of Monterey
City of
Pacific
Grove
City of
Salinas
City of
Seaside
Monterey
County
General Plan
Goals and
Policies
Related to the
Military
Fort Ord
Redevelo
pment
Plan
Policies related to
housing in the
Former Fort Ord in
the Marina Heights
Specific Plan;
University Villages
Specific Plan with
land use planning
for 420 acres at the
former Fort Ord
Policies that support
military uses, services
to support military
installations,
programming for
historic preservation
including military
installations,
coordination between
schools and the
military for future
school planning,
coordination with the
military for recreation
programming, water
conservation
coordination with the
military, waste
reduction, and
recycling programs
for users, including
the military; Fort Ord
Reuse Plan
None Fort Ord Reuse
Plan
Traffic and
housing
consideration
s related to
the military;
Fort Ord
Reuse Plan
None
Zoning Ordinance
Military
Land
Use
Overlays
None None; affordable
Housing chapter
with inclusionary
housing
requirements for
the former Fort Ord
None None None OMC zoned
military, but
not an overlay;
regulations for
Fort Ord lands
None
Military
Review None None None None None None None
Subdivision
Regulations
Related to the
Military
None None None None None None None
Other
MilitaryRelated
Programs
Fort Ord
Reuse
Plan
Mutual Aid
Agreement for
Marina Fire
response on OMC;
MOU with other
cities and Fort Ord
Intergovernmental
joint service
agreements between
POM, City of
Monterey, and
Seaside for
installation support
services;
None Incorporation
of NPS in the
Monterey
County
Countywide
Comprehensive
Economic
Mutual aid
agreement
with OMC for
police;
Automatic aid
agreements
with POM Fire
Department;
Automatic
aid
agreements
with POM
Fire
Department
for Fort Ord
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Plans/
Programs
City of
Del Rey
Oaks City of Marina City of Monterey
City of
Pacific
Grove
City of
Salinas
City of
Seaside
Monterey
County
for police
response;
Fort Ord Reuse
Plan
Fort Ord Reuse Plan;
Mutual aid agreement
for fire and police
response with NSA
Monterey
Development
Strategy
IGSA with
Monterey and
POM;
Environmental
Service
Cooperative
Agreement
with Army to
manage Fort
Ord;
Fort Ord
Reuse Plan
Fort Ord
Reuse Plan
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Compatibility Assessment
In relation to military readiness, compatibility can be defined as the balance, or compromise, between community needs
and interests, and military needs and interests. The goal of compatibility planning is to promote a collaborative
environment in which community and military entities
communicate and coordinate to identify and implement
mutually supportive actions that allow both parties to achieve their objectives. This collaborative approach provides the context in which policies and actions can be developed and recommended through a CUS Implementation Plan.
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compatibility finding identified by the Monterey
Regional CUS. The findings documented in this
study include both issues and the identification of
best practices. Issues found were evaluated in terms
of existing or potential impacts, expressed as the
severity of current impact, or future risk, posed to
the military mission or surrounding communities, or
in some instances – both. Findings of best practices
promoting compatibility within the region are also
documented in this report. The intent is to provide
information for stakeholders to be sufficiently aware
of and knowledgeable about the issues and potential
strategies to assess specific, viable Monterey
Regional CUS recommendations.
Compatibility Factors
6.1 Compatibility
Findings Overview
Compatibility Factors
Several variables can determine whether military
and community plans, programs, and activities are
compatible or incompatible. For the Monterey
Regional CUS, 26 compatibility factors were used to
identify, assess, and establish the specific set of
compatibility findings identified in the Project Study
Area. These factors, listed below, are organized into
three categories: social factors, resource factors,
and development factors.
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Compatibility findings include community-generated
issues that may hinder or otherwise adversely affect
the military mission(s). By the same token,
compatibility issues may result from unintended
adverse effects of military installations on nearby
communities. These issues need to be resolved or
effectively mitigated. In the past, compatibility
studies were almost exclusively focused on land use
within relatively close proximity. Increasingly,
compatibility often involves resources and other
variables with greater spheres of influence.
Compatibility Factor Evaluation
Methods
Compatibility issues were assessed through a
comprehensive discovery process. This process
involved stakeholder engagement to identify
findings related to the 26 compatibility factors.
Preliminary engagement included interviews with
various key stakeholder groups to discuss the
Monterey Regional CUS process and identify
preliminary compatibility findings. Other
compatibility findings were identified through
meetings with the Monterey Regional CUS Technical
and Policy Working Groups, public meetings, and
engagement opportunities through the project
website. Some issues are based on the technical
evaluations and experience of the project consultant.
The following compatibility assessment is not
designed or intended to be used as an exhaustive
technical evaluation of existing or future conditions
in the Monterey Regional CUS Project Study Area.
Eight of the compatibility factors were determined to
be inapplicable to this CUS, based on the lack of
identified issues and concerns from stakeholders
and the public and the Monterey Regional CUS
Project Team. These eight factors are listed below:
n Biological Resources
n Dust/Smoke/Steam
n Legislative Initiatives
n Marine Environments
n Safety
n Scarce Natural Resources
n Vertical Obstructions
n Vibration
An important consideration when reading
this chapter is understanding the range of
complexity of the findings. Some findings
are relatively straightforward, such as
traffic congestion, while others involve
multiple variables and multicomponent
solutions. More complex compatibility
findings — e.g., water quality and
availability — require in-depth
understanding of technical details and
nuances, component interactions and
interdependencies, future projections, the
current policy environment, and the level of
public interest.
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Biological resources include threatened and
endangered species and the habitats that they live in
or utilize, such as wetlands and migratory corridors.
The presence of sensitive biological resources may
require special development considerations.
Biological resources may also include “species of
concern,” which are living organisms in need of
concentrated conservation efforts, as well as areas
such as wetlands and migratory corridors that are
critical to the overall health and productivity of an
ecosystem. The presence of sensitive biological
resources in an area where increased use or
development is planned may prompt special
development considerations or limitations and
protective measures; they should be identified as a
concern early in the planning process. Several
threatened and endangered species, as well as
species of concern and sensitive habitats, are
present within the Study Areas and managed by
environmental staff. The presence of these species
and sensitive habitats do not represent a
compatibility finding.
Dust/Smoke/Steam
Particles of dust and other materials found in the air
are referred to as particulate matter. At certain
concentrations, this particulate matter can be
harmful to humans and animals if inhaled and strain
is placed on the heart and lungs, which provide
oxygen to the body. PM10 and PM2.5, with particles
less than 10 µm and less than 2.5 µm in diameter,
respectively, and considered toxic, can be caused
by many phenomena, including vehicular traffic on
unpaved roads and surfaces, wind blowing in
unpaved and unvegetated areas, vehicle maneuvers,
explosions, aircraft operations, and other earthmoving activities such as construction, demolition, and grading. Smoke can be created by fire
(controlled burns, agricultural burning, and artillery
exercises), industrial activities, and other similar
processes. Similarly, steam can be created by
industrial and other activities and is more prominent
during cool weather. Dust, smoke, and steam are
compatibility issues if sufficient in quantity to affect flight operations, such as by reducing visibility or
damaging equipment. There are no significant
emitters of dust, smoke, or steam in the Study Areas
that affect military flight operations.
Legislative Initiatives
State and local legislation can have a significant
impact on compatibility planning by allowing or
restricting local jurisdictions’ ability to control land use and planning activities near military assets.
Legislative initiatives can prompt changes in state
and local laws and ordinances to support the
objectives of recommended CUS strategies. Military
compatibility-related legislation in the State of
California is robust and addresses many
compatibility factors considered in this study. As
such, no gap in legislative initiatives are identified
within this study.
Marine Resources
Regulatory or permit requirements protecting marine
and ocean resources can affect the military’s ability
to conduct operations, training exercises, and
testing in a water-based environment. Naval
operations and training are not conducted in
Monterey Bay. The Navy does operate the Monterey
Inner Shelf Observatory as part of the NPS’s Rapid
Environmental Assessment Lab, but no marine
resources findings are associated with the Beach
Lab facility and its naval research operations.
Safety
Safety zones are areas in which land uses that
concentrate large numbers of people should be
restricted due to higher risks to public safety.
Activities that can create such a risk and that are
considered when defining safety zones include
aircraft operations and live-fire weapons ranges.
Military installations often engage in activities or
contain facilities that, due to public safety concerns, ATTACHMENT 1
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require special consideration by local jurisdictions
when evaluating compatibility. It is important to
establish compatible land use policies near military
airfields and live-fire weapon ranges to minimize
risk from potential accidents.
Scarce Natural Resources
Pressure to gain access to valuable natural resources
(such as oil, natural gas, minerals, and water) that
are located on military installations, within military
training areas, or on public lands historically used
for military operations can impact land use and
military missions. Natural resources are assets for
installations, so ensuring that the resources and
associated environment are conserved, managed,
and used sustainably is critical to support the current and future military mission.
Vertical Obstructions
Vertical obstructions are buildings, trees, structures, and other features that encroach into airspace used
for military operations. Vertical obstructions can
present safety hazards for both the public and
military personnel. Vertical obstructions are
addressed by FAA Part 77 authority near civilian
airports and military airfields.
Vibration
Vibration is an oscillation or motion that alternates in opposite directions and may occur because of an
impact, explosion, noise, mechanical operation, or
other change in the environment. Vibrations,
whether excessive or unusual, may be caused by
military or civilian activities and can disrupt civilian activities and impact the quality of life.
ATTACHMENT 1
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6.2 North County Study
Area Compatibility
Findings
Air Quality
Air quality is defined in terms of criteria for air
pollutants and hazardous air pollutants that are
regulated at the federal and state level. For
compatibility, the primary concerns are pollutants
that limit visibility, such as particulates, ozone, etc., and potential nonattainment of air quality standards
that may limit future changes in operations at the
installation or in the area.
Key Terms
Attainment Area. An attainment area is a
geographic area that meets the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards for a specific criteria pollutant.
Authority to Construct (ATC). This authority is an
interim permit that allows the installation of a
regulated emission source. In addition, an ATC
typically allows the operation of equipment/process
until a permit to operate is issued.
California Ambient Air Quality Standards
(CAAQS). The CAAQS are standards for outdoor
air pollutants established by the California Air
Resources Board (CARB) under the authority of the
California Clean Air Act.
Criteria Pollutants. The criteria pollutants are the
six principal pollutants harmful to public health and
the environment for which the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has set NAAQS. The
pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), lead, nitrogen
dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM),
and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Design Value. A design value is a statistic that
describes the air quality status of a given location
relative to the level of the NAAQS.
Emissions Averaging Period. Emissions
monitoring generally involves averaging emission
values over a specific, established length of time,
the averaging period. Common averaging times for
air quality standards include one hour, eight hours,
24 hours, and a year.
Exceedance. An exceedance occurs when a
measured air pollution level exceeds criteria
prescribed by the EPA or the California Air
Resources Board.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The
NAAQS are standards for outdoor air pollutants
established by the EPA under the authority of the
CAA.
Nonattainment Area. A nonattainment area is a
geographic area where air pollution levels
persistently exceed NAAQS or an area that
contributes to the ambient air quality in a nearby
area that fails to meet standards. Designating an
area as nonattainment requires a formal rulemaking
process conducted by the EPA, typically only after
air quality standards have been exceeded for several
consecutive years.
Nonattainment-transitional Area. The
nonattainment transitional category is a subcategory
of the CAAQS nonattainment designation. It
references areas that are close to achieving the
CAAQS standard for a given pollutant.
Ozone (O3). Ozone is a pungent, colorless, toxic
gas with direct health effects, including respiratory
and eye irritation and possible changes in lung
functions. Ozone is created when hydrocarbons and
ATTACHMENT 1
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nitrogen oxides released from vehicles and
industrial sources react in sunlight. Because ozone
requires sunlight to form, it occurs in concentrations
that are considered serious primarily between the
months of April and October.
Particulate Matter. PM consists of fine metal,
smoke, soot, and dust particles suspended in the
air. PM is measured in two sizes: course particles
(PM10) between 2.5 and 10 micrometers in
diameter and fine particles (PM2.5) less than 2.5
micrometers in diameter.
Permit to Operate. A permit to operate (PTO) is
issued by a regulatory authority allowing the
operation of equipment or process that emits
regulated air pollutants.
The EPA is the principal federal agency responsible
for air quality management in the United States.
Under the CAA, the EPA sets ambient air quality
standards and oversees related planning, permitting,
compliance, and enforcement. Sections 110(a)(1)
and (2) of the federal CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(1),
requires the state to submit a plan to the EPA that
provides for the implementation, maintenance, and
enforcement of air quality standards, as well as the
assurances that the state or designated local
government or regional agency have adequate
resources and authority to carry out the
requirements identified in the plan.
Under the CAA, the EPA has established NAAQS
(40 C.F.R. part 50) for six criteria pollutants. Air
quality control regions are classified as either
“attainment” or “nonattainment,” according to
whether the ambient concentrations of criteria
pollutants exceed the NAAQS. There is also a
“maintenance” classification for regions that have
transitioned from nonattainment to attainment.
Federal nonattainment designation categories are
Marginal, Moderate, Serious, Severe, and Extreme.
In addition to the NAAQS for criteria pollutants,
national standards exist for hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs), which are regulated under Section 112(b) of
the 1990 CAA amendments. The National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants regulate HAP
emissions from stationary sources (40 CFR Part 61).
The CARB is the state regulatory authority that
provides oversight and direction for local Air
Pollution Control Districts (APCDs) through
informational, technical, and financial assistance. Its advisory and technical assistance comprises
information on numerous air quality topics,
including but not limited to, air pollution and health, air pollution sources, effects, and control
mechanisms. In addition, the agency offers financial
assistance to the local APCDs. These financing
programs are in partnership with the local APCDs,
which implement the programs. In 1988, California
adopted the CCAA, which authorizes the CARB to
set air quality standards. California Ambient Air
Quality Standards can be stricter than federal
standards but not less restrictive.
Several factors can influence air quality in a region.
These include various emission sources and types of
pollutants emitted, topography, weather, and other
factors. California has unique challenges attaining
and maintaining compliance with both the NAAQS
and CAAQS due to weather patterns and mountain
ranges that can impede airflow and effectively trap
air pollutants, resulting in exceedances of ambient
air quality standards.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 163, Packet Page 355 6-8 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment AQ-1
Non-attainment of regional air quality
standards requires that military
installations obtain air permits for
any stationary emitters, which may
limit future mission expansion.
The North County Study Area, located within the
North Central Coast Air Basin, is currently in
nonattainment for the CAAQS for PM10.
Nonattainment for any CAAQS or NAAQS, as
well as air permitting requirements can potentially
constrain current military operations, and future
expansion at the NSA Monterey.
The Naval Support Activity (NSA) Monterey is
located within the Monterey Bay Unified Air
Pollution Control District now called the Monterey
Bay Air Resources District (MBARD). Locally, the
MBARD is the air quality authority that establishes air quality regulations and monitors local air pollutants
in the North Central Coast Air Basin (NCCAB) that
includes Monterey, Santa Cruz, and
San Benito counties.
Based on CARB 2020 air quality data for the
NCCAB, the region is in attainment for all federal
NAAQS. The region is currently in attainment for all
CAAQS except PM10. As of 2016, the region was
classified as nonattainment-transitional for ozone.
Figures 6.1 shows the attainment status for
the region.
For areas such as the CUS Study Area where
specific criteria pollutants exceed California air
quality standards, nonattainment can potentially
delay, impede, or reduce military operations and
activities due to existing air quality and its impact on human health and the environment. Additional air
quality regulations may be developed and enforced
in regions that are in nonattainment for the CAAQS.
Permitting and funding for important infrastructure
could also be delayed or denied or require
additional control measures, increasing costs and
extending the timeline of project implementation
and facility/equipment operation.
The MBARD has a robust permitting program under
its Rule 200 that requires obtaining an ATC before
installing regulated equipment or implementing a
process that emits regulated air pollutants and a PTO
to operate once approved.
The NSA Monterey recognizes the importance of
clean air within the MBARD. The installation reviews
all projects and proposals to evaluate potential air
emissions generated and whether an air permit is
required. Only “stationary” air pollution sources are
subject to permitting requirements. Table 6.1 lists
the active air quality permits issued by MBARD.
The review and permitting process is intended to
ensure the region achieves and maintains
compliance with NAAQS and CAAQS. In some
cases, the process to obtain a new ATC/PTO can be
challenging due to long timelines, requirements,
and procedures associated with specific types of air
emission sources, and other factors involved in the
approval process.
MBARD’s Rule 215 provides for the banking of
emission reduction credits. Under this rule, specific
criteria air pollutant emissions that are eliminated or reduced may be “banked” for use at a future date.
New emission sources may be permitted using the
banked credits to offset the new emissions. Under
certain conditions, emission reduction credits may
also be transferred to other regulated entities within
the same air quality control district and then used for offsetting new emission sources.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Personnel working at NSA Monterey have noted the
challenges associated with obtaining required air
permits from MBARD in order to carry out current
operations in support of the military mission. In
many cases, flexibility can be impacted, making it
difficult to support operations in a timely manner.
Active NSA Monterey Air Permits Issued
by Monterey Bay Air Resources District
Permit # Location Equipment Type
15062 Bldg. 708 Emergency Generator
15063 Bldg. 712 Emergency Generator
15064 Bldg. 704 Emergency Generator
15065 Bldg. 330 Emergency Generator
15068 Bldg. 233 Emergency Generator
15070 Bldg. 236 Boiler
15071 Bldg. 236 Boiler
15073 Bldg. 236 Emergency Generator
(Portable)
15076 Mobile Radio
Tower Emergency Generator
15223 Bldg. 436 Emergency Generator
15309 VAC-CON
Truck Auxiliary Engine
15584 Gas Autoport Gas Pumps
15831 Bldg. 236 Boiler
15832 Bldg. 236 Boiler
GNR-017746 Bldg. 245 Equipment
Modification
GEN-0017153 Bldg. 220 Emergency Generator
GEN-0018234 Bldg. 245 Emergency Generator
Source: NSA Monterey, 2021.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 165, Packet Page 357 6-10 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Air Quality Status, North County Study Area
Source: California Air Resources Board 2019.
Monterey
County
Study Area
San Francisco
State O3 (Ozone) Attainment Status
Monterey
County
Study Area
San Francisco
Legend
Attainment Status
Nonattainment
Nonattainment-Transitional
Attainment (Not Present)
Unclassified
Air Monitoring Stations
0 20
Miles
State PM 10 Attainment Status
Monterey Bay Unified (California Air District)
North Central Coast (California Air Basin)
ATTACHMENT 1
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Air Quality (PM 2.5), North County Study Area
Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Ord Military
Community
Mon terey
Carm el-by-th e-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marin a
Pacific Grove
San d
City
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
¬«1
Legend
Air Mon itorin g Station s
Departm en t of Defen se
Mon terey Bay U n ified (Californ ia
Air District)
0 ½ 1
Miles
Source: NASA: Global An n ual PM2.5 Grids from
MODIS, MISR an d SeaWiFS Aerosol Optical
Depth (AOD) w ith GWR, v1 (1998 – 2016)
Esri, 2021.
Monterey
County Map
Extent
San Francisco
North Cen tral Coast (Californ ia
Air Basin )
Average PM 2.5 from 1998-2016
(micrograms per cubic meter)
2.4 - 5.0
5.1 - 8.0
8.1 - 10.0 Approach in g WHO
Guidelin e
10.1 - 11.0 WHO Guidelin e
11.1 - 14.0
14.1 - 18+
State Route
Water
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 167, Packet Page 359 6-12 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection
Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection (AT/FP) relates to
the safety and security of personnel, facilities, and
information on a military installation. Department of
Defense AT/FP standards require that all installation
components, such as access gates, adhere to
design/planning criteria and minimum construction
standards that mitigate vulnerabilities and threats to
installations and their occupants. Important aspects
of these criteria and standards include access
control and clearance zones around installation
perimeters to maintain clear sight lines and manage
access to the installation. Due to current domestic
and global conditions, military installations have
implemented more restrictive standards to address
AT/FP concerns. These measures may vary based
on daily activities and include increased security
checks and/or the creation of physical barriers at
entry points (e.g., gates, spike barriers,
tire shredders).
Key Terms
Antiterrorism. Antiterrorism refers to defensive
measures used to reduce the vulnerability of
individuals and property to terrorist acts, including
limited response and containment by local military
and civilian officials.
Controlled perimeter. A controlled perimeter is a
physical boundary with sufficient means to channel
vehicles to access control points. At a minimum,
access control at a controlled perimeter requires the
demonstrated capability to search for and
detect explosives.
Clear Zones. Clear zones are areas commonly
associated with perimeters that are free of all
obstacles, topographical features, and vegetation
exceeding eight inches in height that could impede
observation or provide cover and concealment of
malicious activity.
Force Protection. Force protection is preventive
measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against
DoD personnel and family members, resources,
facilities, and critical information. Force protection
does not include actions to defeat the enemy or
protect against accidents, weather, or disease.
Installation Perimeter. An installation perimeter is
defined as any demarcation that identifies the limit
of DoD-owned property and that directly or
indirectly indicates unauthorized access is
prohibited. Landside perimeters may be established
with fences, walls, signage, natural barriers, or
other means.
Setback. Setbacks are local government zoning
requirements that establish by code the minimum
distances from front, side, and rear property lines
where building structures are not permitted to
be constructed.
Uncontrolled Public Access. Uncontrolled public
access refers to spaces within and beneath buildings
where there is insufficient positive access control to
preclude unauthorized access. For the purposes of
these standards, positive access control will be
considered to include, but not be limited to,
electronic access control on all exterior doors or
personnel controlling visitor access.
Unobstructed space. Unobstructed spaces are
spaces around inhabited buildings in which there
are no opportunities for concealment from
observation of explosive devices in areas of no less
than a 6-inch cube.
ATTACHMENT 1
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AT-1
There may be anti-terrorism/force
protection (AT/FP) concerns
regarding future development close
to military installations.
Future development around NSA Monterey,
POM, and DMDC may be an AT/FP concern if
new development occurs adjacent to the
installation perimeter. This type of development
should be coordinated with the appropriate
installation staff to assess potential impacts.
The controlled perimeters for NSA Monterey, POM,
and DMDC are located within urbanized areas of
the Monterey Peninsula. The facilities are located
near existing higher-intensity development, as shown
on Figures 6.3, 6.4, and 6.5. Due to this highdensity urbanization, existing and any new development surrounding NSA Monterey, POM and
DMDC can create security concerns. Tall structures
built near base security fences can obscure clear
zones and provide increased opportunities for
unauthorized surveillance, intentional or
unintentional trespassing, and other force protection
concerns related to other surreptitious activities.
Land uses surrounding military installations are the
responsibility of the jurisdictions in which they are
located. Regional and local jurisdictions’ general or
comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances,
including those specific to building form and
setbacks, can be effective tools for preventing or
resolving land use compatibility issues.
1 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?law Code=GOV&division=1.&title=7.&part=&chapter=4.5.&article=3.
The State of California regulates land use planning
and development within 1,000 feet of military
installations. These are as follows:
n Government Code, Title 7, Article 3.
Application for Development Projects, Section
65940 and 65944:1 Per this regulation, an
applicant must include information about
whether the proposed development is located
within 1,000 feet of a military installation,
beneath a low-level flight path, or within special
use airspace. If requested by any branch of the
military, the public agency and the applicant
shall consult with the military to discuss the
proposals' potential impacts. Upon acceptance
of the proposal, the public agency, must notify
the affected branch(es) of the U.S. Armed
Forces of the application status and provide a
copy of the accepted application.
n Government Code, Title 7, Article 6
Preparation, Adoption, and Amendment of the
General Plan, Section 65352:2
Per this
regulation, prior to a legislative body adopting
or substantially amending a general plan, that
body shall notify the branch of the U.S. Armed
Forces if the proposed action is within 1,000
feet of a military installation or lies within
special use airspace or beneath a low-level
flight path.
2 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?l awCode=GOV§ionNum=65352
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 169, Packet Page 361 6-14 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment These regulations should assist surrounding
jurisdictions with how to navigate land use
planning and development around POM and
DMDC. The communities that should evaluate
development around POM are Monterey, Pacific
Grove, and Monterey County. Each of these
jurisdictions has property within 1,000 feet of
POM. The communities that should evaluate
development around DMDC are Seaside and
Monterey County.
The following is a summary of how each
community addresses land development around
military installations.
n Monterey: the Monterey General Plan and
zoning code do not have specific goals,
policies, or regulations that address land
development near POM.
n Seaside: The Seaside General Plan and zoning
code do not have specific goals, policies, or
regulations that address land development near
the DMDC.
n Monterey County: The Monterey County
General Plan includes a land use policy that
requires considering input from military bases
when determining the impact of general plan
land use designation amendments for land
adjacent to military bases. There are no specific
regulations in the zoning code related to
development near military installations.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Presidio of Monterey Military Influence Area
Presidio of
Monterey
Monterey
Pacific Grove
¬«68
Forest
Prescott
Sunset
Tyler
Dennett
P acific Grove Carmel
Johnson
Taylor
Sunridge
Martin
Camino El Estero
Lopez
Webster
Franklin
Abrego
Gayuba
Barnet Segal
Sinex
PrivateBolio
Cass
Eardley
Fremont Jefferson
Hawthorne
Pearl
El Dorado
Cannery
Del Monte
Pine
Soledad
Asilomar
Ocean View
Central
Iris Canyon
Munras
Congress
Pacific
Mar Vista
Lighthouse
17 Mile
David
Skyline
Legend
Military Influence Area
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
0 ¼
Miles
*The military influence area buffers are established
per California Statute and found in Title 7, Article 3
of the Government Code.
Source: City of Monterey. Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 171, Packet Page 363 6-16 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment NSA Monterey Military Influence Area
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex
Beach Lab
Del Rey
Oaks
Monterey
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
Canyon Del Rey
Casa Verde
3rd
Franklin Euclid
Kimball
Tyler
Cannery
Airport
CaminoEl Estero
Webster
Whee
ler
Abrego
Munras
Barnet Segal
Broadway
Montecito
Hilby
Sloat
Fairground
Camino Aguajito
Cass
Pearl
El Dorado
Casanova
Lighthouse
Del Monte
Fremont
Pacific
Iris Canyon
Garden
Josselyn Canyon
Aguajito
Legend
Military Influence Area
Monterey Airport Property -
Leased by U.S. Navy
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
0 ¼
Miles Source: City of Monterey. Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS
*The military influence area buffers are established
per California Statute and found in Title 7, Article 3
of the Government Code.
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DMDC Military Influence Area
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Presidio of Monterey
Ord Military
Community
Marina
Sand
City
Seaside
¬«1
Mingo
Light Fighter
Yosemite
Del Monte
Fremont
Noche Buena
Broadway
San Pablo
Military
La Salle
South
Legend
Military Influence Area
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
0 ¼
Miles Source: City of Monterey. Matrix Design Group, 2021.
US Census. USGS
*The military influence area buffers are established
per California Statute and found in Title 7, Article 3
of the Government Code.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 173, Packet Page 365 6-18 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Communication/Coordination
Communication/coordination (COM) refers to
programs, plans, and partnerships that promote
interagency communication and coordination, as
well as the dissemination of information to the
public and other stakeholders. Interagency
communication serves the general welfare by
promoting a comprehensive planning process
inclusive of all stakeholders. Interagency
coordination also supports the development and
inclusion of mutually beneficial policies for local
communities and the military in local planning
documents, such as comprehensive plans. Providing
relevant and timely information keeps the public
informed of activities and instills confidence
and support.
COM-1
There is no formally established or
routine communication forum
between the military installations
and surrounding communities.
While there is generally good communication and
coordination between military installations and
neighboring community governments, the
processes and protocols of the interactions are
not formalized. This could lead to inconsistent or
ad hoc planning and coordination when there are
changes in staff at military installations and/or
local governments.
The cities, the county, and the military installations in the Study Area use informal means of
communication to coordinate and share information
about activities based on individual staff knowledge,
experience, and professional networks.
Consequently, there are no established memoranda
of agreement or written protocols that outline
communication practices. Establishing formal
communication practices could allow stakeholders to
collaborate regarding military activities and needs
regardless of position or personal relationships and
would ensure greater consistency in communication
and collaboration.
The lack of established communication protocols
can have numerous negative impacts, including
overlooked or neglected development application
reviews potentially resulting in incompatible land
development or an ill-informed public review
process. Surrounding communities and government
staff may not understand the issues that are
particularly relevant to POM, NSA Monterey, or
DMDC. Additionally, there can be inconsistencies as
to when each of the military installations should be
consulted regarding the potential for compatibility
issues. Likewise, local governments and the public
should be notified when events or other unusual
base activities occur and when these activities may
impact residents in terms of noise and vibration,
traffic congestion, public health, or viewshed
considerations. Public notification can be facilitated
through the establishment and implementation of
formalized communication protocols.
ATTACHMENT 1
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COM-2
There is no formalized protocol for
coordination between the military
installations and surrounding
communities.
While there is generally good communication and
coordination flow between military installations
and neighboring community governments, the
processes and protocols are not formalized. This
could lead to inconsistent planning and
coordination when there are changes in staff at
the military installations or local governments.
Presently, there is no standing forum dedicated
exclusively to local and regional planning
coordination and communication between the
military installations on the peninsula and
surrounding communities. Although there are highlevel venues such as the Monterey Bay Defense Alliance and U.S. Congressional representative
roundtable on regional defense issues, having an
established forum for planning partnerships would
provide a collaborative venue for military leadership
to provide information to community leaders, and in
turn, for community leadership to provide
information to the military. Topics could include
long-range planning of land development and
capital projects in the region. Such a venue would
also promote a greater understanding of the needs
of the military, in general, and of its installations,
in particular.
The following are examples of communication
forums that occur between the installations and
communities for general information sharing. It is
important to note that these examples do not include
the formalized agreements that military installations
have with the community for specific types of shared
services, such as the Intergovernmental Support
Agreement between POM and the City of Monterey.
n Monterey Bay Defense Alliance
n Congressman Panetta’s roundtable discussions
with local government and military leadership
n Frequent coordination between the Presidio
and the City of Monterey and the
City of Seaside
n Informal monthly cultural resources meeting
among various archival facilities, libraries and
museums, POM, NSAM, BLM, CA State Parks,
City of Monterey, and California State University
at Monterey Bay
n NSA Monterey representative attendance at
local government meetings when staff
determines the posted agenda items are
pertinent to the military mission
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 175, Packet Page 367 6-20 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Cultural Resources
Cultural resources are objects, places, and practices
that are especially representative of, and/or
meaningful to, a specific group of people, their
worldview, belief system, or way of life. Cultural
resources include prehistoric period and historicperiod artifacts, archaeological sites, buildings, structures, districts, and landscapes, as well as
historic-period records and photographs. ‘Historic
properties’ are cultural resources that are listed or
eligible to be listed on the National Register of
Historic Places and are protected under the National
Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and other federal
and state laws.
Under the NHPA, federal projects, as well as
projects funded with federal monies or implemented
with federal assistance, must consider the effects of
projects on historic properties and take appropriate
actions to mitigate negative impacts. A key element
of this law is the requirement for agencies to consult
with their State Historic Preservation Office,
federally recognized tribes claiming affiliation with
an area, and other interested parties.
For listed or eligible sites, the most common
mitigation strategy is to avoid the immediate area in
which historic properties are found, which can limit
the amount of land that is available for development
but typically in negligible ways. In some cases, the
nature and/or location of a proposed project must
be altered significantly, and in rare instances,
projects must be abandoned altogether to protect
important cultural resources. Because the presence
of historic properties may constrain or alter
development plans, these properties and any
needed compliance actions should be identified
early in the planning process.
The State of California also has regulations related to the identification and protection of
historic properties.
California state law requires the California State
Office of Historic Preservation to administer state
and federal preservation programs, including the
NHPA and other archeological standards,
guidelines, and site protection requirements. In
addition, the State of California Native American
Heritage Commission implements state laws and
policies requiring tribal consultation
and coordination.
CR-1
There is concern regarding
differences in federal and state tribal
consultation requirements.
Federal and state legal requirements for
consulting with American Indian tribes differs
depending on the government agencies and
public organizations involved. This can impact
how requirements for cultural resource
management are handled when large-scale
projects in the Study Area involve federal, state
and/or private property and/or funding.
The NHPA and implementing regulations require
federal agencies, including the U.S. Army and U.S.
Navy, to consult with Indian tribes regarding actions
that may impact historic properties of religious or
cultural significance. Executive Order 13175,
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal
Governments, explicitly states the federal
government’s intent to strengthen government-togovernment relationships with Indian tribes, including improving consultation. While different
federal agencies may follow slightly different steps
in the consultation process, their procedures are
based on the same federal laws and regulations.
Tribes that are not recognized by the federal
government but that have a demonstrated interest in
projects and their potential impacts on cultural
resources may be invited by federal agencies to
participate in the Section 106 process, or they may
participate through collaboration with a federally
recognized tribe already engaged in the process.
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California laws and regulations also require
coordination with Indian tribes for certain actions.
Actions subject to the CEQA must undergo public
review and comment as part of the process. The
CEQA process, as amended by Assembly Bill 52,
further requires consultation with California Native
American tribes, when requested, and at the earliest
stages of the process. Senate Bill 18 also requires
local governments, including cities and counties, to
consult with California Native American tribes prior
to adopting or amending general plans or specific
plans that affect land use policies.
Differences in federal and state laws pertaining to
consultation can create concerns regarding the
efficiency and effectiveness of and compliance with
consultation requirements.
During the Monterey Regional CUS process, there
have been discussions that a coordinated, regional
approach to consultation with appropriate Indian
tribes may facilitate CUS Study Area stakeholder
compliance with applicable laws and regulations
and thereby enhance tribal involvement in actions
with the potential to impact historic properties.
As discussed in COM-2, there is a standing,
informal monthly meeting between various archival
facilities, libraries and museums, POM, NSAM,
BLM, CA State Parks, City of Monterey, and CSUMB
to discuss cultural resources, specifically the
preservation of and public access to archives,
books, art, museums, and parks that are or include
cultural resources. However, no members of
federally recognized tribes attend on a regular
basis.
CR-2
There is concern with the impacts of
erosion caused by rodents on cultural
resources on the Lower Presidio
Historic Park.
The Army and City are discussing how to
ameliorate the erosion caused by rodents.
A cultural resources site on the Lower Presidio
Historic Park, under lease to the City of Monterey by
the U.S. Army, is affected by soil erosion caused by
rodents burrowing in the soil.
The Army and City are discussing how to ameliorate
the erosion caused by rodents that have existed in
the area for a long time.
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In the performance of typical operations, the military
relies on a range of frequencies for communications
and support systems. Similarly, public and private
users rely on a range of frequencies in the use of
cellular telephones and other wireless devices on a
daily basis. Uses that interfere with frequency
transmission can impact the military’s ability to
perform its missions.
FSC-1
5G Cell coverage is limited on the
Monterey Peninsula, which may limit
operations at NSA Monterey.
NSA Monterey is currently constrained by older
cellular network technology in the Study Area and
limited availability of 5th generation (5G) network
coverage. This can create communication and
operations challenges for military installations on
the peninsula.
The frequency spectrum is the entire range of
electromagnetic frequencies used for
communications and other transmissions, which
includes communication channels for radio, cellular
phones, and television. In the performance of typical
operations, the military relies on a range of
frequencies for communications and support
systems. Similarly, public and private users rely on a
range of frequencies in the use of cellular
telephones and other wireless devices on a daily
basis. Moreover, new development on the peninsula
and large employment centers can create additional
demand, increasing the use of, and competition for,
bandwidth, which can affect the availability of
spectrum for military facilities.
The military’s frequency spectrum needs for testing,
evaluation, and training are also increasing;
however, the spectrum available for DoD use is
constrained. The DoD uses the spectrum in multiple
applications, including various forms
of communication.
DoD is promoting 5G technology development by
becoming an early adopter of 5G networks and
applications, as well as by contributing to 5G
technology innovation and maturation. According to
the DoD, 5G is important because it offers higher
performance and additional capabilities, particularly
for data-driven applications and
machine-to-machine communication.
The DoD 5G Strategy Implementation Plan (2020)
states that 5G provides improved performance and
enhanced security when compared to earlier
generations of
wireless technology.
The communications industry claims 5G will be
more than twice as fast as 4G technology with
speeds up to 5 gigabytes per second when the
network is mature. Additionally, 5G will employ
small cell network Wi-Fi technology that will be
much less obtrusive than current cell towers. These
small cell networks will use millimeter wavelength
frequencies over much closer distances (less than
1,000 feet) than existing cell towers to shorten
transmission times to the millionth of a second. This
will lead to more decentralized networks capable of
handling larger loads, specifically in urban settings
where greater data demand is anticipated.
DoD-led 5G innovation includes research at the
NPS. On its campus, NPS and AT&T are
researching potential military data applications of
5G communications technology to support national
defense capabilities.
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Housing Availability
Local housing availability relates to the supply of and demand for housing in the region, the competition
for housing that may result from changes in the
number of military personnel stationed at an
installation, and the supply of military family housing provided by the DoD.
HA-1
There is a perception in the
community that the military basic
allowance for housing (BAH)
impacts the local housing market.
The military provides allowances to offset the cost
of housing for military personnel. These rates are
based on annual surveys of the local market;
however, there has been a perception in the
community that BAH rates are higher than marketdriven rental costs and thereby increase rental rates for all housing in the community.
Military personnel on Monterey Peninsula have
access to privatized military housing and to housing
available to the general public in the community.
The privatized military housing communities are La
Mesa Housing and the OMC, both of which are
managed by Parks at Monterey Bay. Military housing
on the peninsula is shared among service branches
and available to the Army through an interservice
real estate agreement with the Navy. Oversight of all
privatized military housing is provided by the Army
Housing Office on POM. There are also barracks at
POM but none at NSA Monterey.
Personnel who live off base — whether in privatized
military housing or community housing — are
provided compensation called Basic Allowance for
Housing. The BAH rates are based on installation
location/geography, pay grade, and number of
dependents. BAH rates are calculated on a
combination of local costs of rent and utilities for
various housing types for up to 95% of estimated
housing costs. Additionally, the BAH rates are set to
cover the average cost of housing in the North
County Study Area. The BAH rates for military
personnel living on the peninsula are shown in
Table 6.2.
BAH Rates for the Monterey Peninsula,
2022
Pay Grade With Dependent Without Dependents
E1-E4 $2,667.00 $2,001.00
E5 $2,823.00 $2,310.00
E6 $3,315.00 $2,523.00
E7 $3,561.00 $2,670.00
E8 $3,825.00 $2,925.00
E9 $4,035.00 $3,072.00
W1 $3,339.00 $2,622.00
W2 $3,669.00 $2,922.00
W3 $3,993.00 $3,087.00
W4 $4,053.00 $3,375.00
W5 $4,122.00 $3,618.00
O1E $3,615.00 $2,823.00
O2E $3,945.00 $3,039.00
O3E $4,059.00 $3,312.00
O1 $2,883.00 $2,508.00
O2 $3,312.00 $2,772.00
O3 $3,981.00 $3,138.00
O4 $4,140.00 $3,579.00
O5 $4,248.00 $3,732.00
O6 $4,281.00 $3,978.00
O7 $4,317.00 $4,041.00
Source: https://www.presidioofmontereyhousing.com/bahrates, 2022.
BAH rates are set nationally by DoD. The department
uses a private data collection firm to conduct an
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current local rental costs in over 300 distinct rental
markets across the U.S. This survey uses housing
data from a wide variety of sources to ensure BAH
rate reliability and accuracy, including current
residential vacancy data from the local Military
Housing Office, commercial subscription-based
rental databases, and information obtained from
apartment management companies and real estate
professionals in each rental market. It remains to be
seen how the housing market downturn of 2022 will
impact the local rental market. At the time of this
report, rents nationally have fallen.
To provide an understanding of how the BAH rates
align with community housing costs, the median rent
per number of bedrooms for each community on
the peninsula is listed in Table 6.3. The table also
includes the average rent for all homes in each
community based on current listings. As the table
indicates, the actual average rents based on current
listings are greater than the median gross rents that
were estimated by the U.S. Census.
Rental Costs in the North County
Study Area
Median Gross Rent, 2019aDel Rey OaksMarinaMonterey Pacific GroveSalinasSeaside Studio - $1,270 $1,631 $1,752 $1,069 $1,312
1 Bedroom - $1,255 $1,521 $1,480 $1,158 $1,081
2 Bedrooms
$2,379 $1,471 $1,880 $2,176 $1,433 $1,718
3 Bedrooms
$2,398 $2,332 $2,847 $3,191 $1,807 $2,334
4 Bedrooms - $2,245 $3,153 $3,500+ $2,084 $2,345
5 or More
Bedrooms - $1,585 $3,500+ - $2,912 $3,500+
Median
Gross
Rent, All
$2,372 $1,569 $1,855 $1,952 $1,492 $1,877
Average
Gross
Rent, All
2022b
$2,351 $2,123 $2,351 $2,597 $2,072 $2,300
a
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, 2019
b
RentCafe Average Rents, February 2022
Many military personnel prefer to rent instead of
own homes due to the transitory, short-term
assignments on the Monterey Peninsula.
In comparing the BAH and rental costs for the
region, the lowest BAH rate is $2,001 for E1-E4
personnel without dependents; however, most
personnel who are likely to live off base are ranked
E5 or higher. The BAH rate for E5s without
dependents is $2,310. Overall, this BAH rate is
significantly higher than both the median gross rent
and the current average rent for smaller homes in
the cities listed.
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The BAH rates may also be used to cover utilities.
According to the DoD, personnel stationed in
Monterey spend an average of 91% of the BAH on
rent and 9% on utilities.3 For those who are using
BAH for housing in the community, the cost of
utilities needs to be considered when
selecting housing.
With utilities considered, military personnel, with
and without dependents, should be able to afford a
one-bedroom rental unit in all cities listed in Table
6.3. If 9% of the BAH rate is used on utilities,
military personnel without dependents with the
lowest BAH rate (E1-4) would be able to afford a
studio or 1-bedroom rental unit anywhere within the
project Study Area. The lowest BAH rate with
dependents (E1-4) would be able to afford a 2-
bedroom unit.
Although not directly comparable to military BAHs,
median household incomes for owner-occupied,
renter-occupied, and both owner- and renteroccupied homes in each community are listed in Table 6.4. The table also lists the amount that is
assumed affordable for each household to spend on
housing each month (rent or mortgage payment)
based on the 30% of income rule of thumb. The
30% values can be used as a relative point of
comparison between housing affordability for local
residents and military personnel. As the table shows,
the estimated median housing cost that is assumed
affordable by owner-occupied households generally
aligns with the military E5 BAH rate; however, the
housing costs that can be afforded by renters fall
below the BAH rates.
3https://www.defensetravel.dod.mil/Docs/perdiem/browse/ Allowances/BAH/Component_Breakdown/2022-BAH-RateComponent-Breakdown.pdf Median Household Income and
Affordable Monthly Housing Costs, 2020
Jurisdictions
Median Household Income
Units
by
Occupant
Type Annual Monthly
30% of
monthly
income
Del Rey Oaks
All $101,458 $8,455 $2,536
Owner $107,188 $8,932 $2,680
Renter $93,125 $7,760 $2,328
Marina
All $73,115 $6,093 $1,828
Owner $98,200 $8,183 $2,455
Renter $56,144 $4,679 $1,404
Monterey
All $80,908 $6,742 $2,023
Owner $112,832 $9,403 $2,821
Renter $70,428 $5,869 $1,761
Pacific Grove
All $89,088 $7,424 $2,227
Owner $117,639 $9,803 $2,941
Renter $76,649 $6,387 $1,916
Salinas
All $67,914 $5,660 $1,698
Owner $91,499 $7,625 $2,287
Renter $52,689 $4,391 $1,317
Seaside
All $68,399 $5,700 $1,710
Owner $90,104 $7,509 $2,253
Renter $58,651 $4,888 $1,466
Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, 2020.
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There is a concern about housing
affordability in the North County
Study Area.
Regional housing rental and sales prices continue
to increase in the North County Study Area.
Increasing housing rents and prices may present
challenges for military personnel and community
members looking for housing.
A common theme heard during stakeholder
engagement throughout the study was that the cost
of renting and buying homes continues to increase
in the North County Study Area. Some concern of
POM and NSA staff was noted regarding local
housing affordability presenting a challenge to the
local non-military workforce supporting the Army or
Navy on these military installations.
Many of the various military installations in the
region require highly educated and specialized staff
to meet national security mission requirements. As
such, it is vital that NSA Monterey, POM, and
DMDC be able to continue to recruit and retain
professionals, including federal civil servants and
civilian contractors. While the location of these
installations on the Monterey Peninsula is attractive
to some, the high cost of goods and services, as
well as housings, can dissuade some from moving
or continuing to live in the area.
Rising home prices could be a challenge for current
residents and military personnel in the area, those
looking to relocate within the area, and people
relocating to the area from a different region or
state. While military personnel have the option to
live on base (further explored in HA-3) and have
BAH rates to assist with off base housing costs
(explored in HA-1), the rising housing prices will
continue to be a factor in the overall affordability of the region, which can ultimately impact recruitment
4 Why House Prices Surged as the Covid-19 Pandemic took hold – Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, December 28, 2021.
and retention for the military and its civilian
workforce on the peninsula.
Table 6.5 shows the 2022 median sales price of
homes in the six cities within the North County Study
Area. As the table shows, sales prices have
increased significantly over the last three years.
Today, the median sales prices in the North County
Study Area are, on average, 54% greater than list
prices. These increases reflect a highly competitive
housing market which was compounded by the
COVID-19 pandemic that drastically impacted the
national housing market4
. The desirability of the
California coastline along with a continued limited
housing supply may continue to drive up the cost of
living in the North County Study Area.
Increases in North County Study Area
Housing Prices, 2018-2022
City
Median Sales
Price*
% Increase of
Sales Price
from 2018
Del Rey Oaks $867,000 26%
Marina $800,000 34%
Monterey $1,100,000 57%
Pacific Grove $1,900,000 97%
Salinas $750,000 53%
Seaside $775,000 59%
*Based on current listings as of May 10, 2022.
Source: Realtor.com; accessed on May 10, 2022.
Due to increasing housing prices, personnel and
other members of the community may choose to live
in areas further away from the peninsula, such as
Salinas. Some currently live even farther away,
outside of the county, to afford housing. For military
personnel who work or study at POM or NSA
Monterey, living further away from the peninsula
presents concerns related to drive times, see
Figure 6.6 in HA-3.
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HA-3
There are concerns related to
housing availability and affordability
and the ability to support military
and community needs.
While there are some military installations that
provide housing on military property, there is not
enough on-base housing to support all personnel
stationed on the peninsula. Many personnel must
live off base or chose to live off base. This
existing deficit in the North County Study Area
creates competition between residents and
incoming personal seeking housing in the
community. Subsequently, the increase demand
on existing available housing reduces affordable
housing options.
As noted in HA-1, government-provided housing is
provided to all military service branches on the
peninsula through privatized management under
contract with the U.S. Army. At present, there are
approximately 646 housing units at La Mesa
Housing for use by military personnel. At OMC,
there are 1,692 housing units, with 800 available to
the military. Additionally, a new housing project that
will add 1,450 military housing units has already
been planned.5 This housing is provided to meet
short-term and long-term military personnel and
family needs.
At POM, there are approximately 3,500 students. It
is estimated that the number of barracks on the
Presidio can support about 70% of the students,
while 30% live off base. This equates to 2,450
students living on base and 1,020 students living off
base.6
At NSA Monterey, in the 2020/2021 school year,
NPS had 1,480 resident degree students.7 Because
NSA Monterey does not have its own housing, these
students must live at
5 Presidio of Monterey, 2021.
6 Presidio of Monterey, 2021
La Mesa, OMC, or off base. Both POM and NSA
Monterey have a designated military housing office
that provides housing information to personnel and
students.
As Table 6.6 shows, renter- and owner-occupied
dwelling units are relatively balanced when
considering housing in all cities in the North County
Study Area. There are also over 1,800 vacant
housing units available in the American Community
Survey 5-year estimates 2020 data. Of these vacant
units, 1,592 were rentals, and 277 listed properties.
Housing Tenure in the North County
Study Area, 2020
City
Vacant Units Occupied Units
For
Rent
For
Sale
RenterOccupiedOwnerOccupied
Del Rey
Oaks 8 0 168 465
Marina 108 0 3,202 4,575
Monterey 287 0 4,239 8,134
Pacific
Grove 406 90 3,275 3,702
Salinas 402 176 19,766 21,530
Seaside 381 11 10,709 4,206
Total 1,592 277 41,359 42,612
Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020.
While in 2020 there were over 1,800 vacant
housing units in North County, not all are currently
vacant. For a reference point, the CUS sourced
Realtor.com in May 2022 showing 165 housing
units for sale and 440 housing units for rent in the
North County Study Area (Table 6.7). The total
number of current units on the market is always
dynamic; nevertheless, there is consistently a need
in the North County Study Area for housing to
support residents, military personnel, civilians, and
students. Most of the housing stock for sale is in
Salinas, while available rental units are in Monterey,
Salinas, and Pacific Grove.
7 Naval Postgraduate School 2020 Annual Report and Mission Measures, Naval Postgraduate School, 2021
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Study Area, 2022
Source: Realtor.com; accessed on May 10, 2022.
It is projected that the number of housing units will
increase in the future, as shown in Table 6.8. These
projections also show that housing growth will occur
in the areas outside of the peninsula, such as
Salinas. It is anticipated that there will be an
additional 9,739 housing units in Salinas between
2020 and 2045.
Housing growth in the communities must also
accommodate the Regional Housing Needs
Allocation (RHNA), which is the number of housing
units that the California Department of Housing and
Community Development (HCD) identifies for each
council of governments (COG) in the state. Per HCD
evaluations, the State determines the number of
housing units that are needed in the COG regions
based on numerous factors. Each COG is then
responsible for allocating units to each city.
8Draft 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation Plan 2023-2031, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, 2022
The AMBAG is the COG that the Study Area falls in
and, therefore, is the agency that develops the
RHNA assessment relevant to this analysis. AMBAG
is currently in the process of drafting the final RHNA
plan for the region, and in April 2022,8 released the
draft jurisdictional allocations. The following are the RHNA numbers for the communities in the project
Study Area:
n Del Rey Oaks: 184
n King City: 702
n Marina: 685
n Monterey: 3,654
n Pacific Grove: 1,125
n Salinas: 6,674
n Seaside: 616
City
Current Listings
Rentals Sales
Del Rey Oaks 0 3
Marina 21 31
Monterey 46 66
Pacific Grove 39 37
Salinas 46 254
Seaside 13 49
Total 440 165
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The achievement of RHNA regional plan goals is
dependent on a number of factors, including
increasing the mix of housing types, infill
development, socioeconomic equity, and improving
the intraregional relationship between jobs
and housing.9
While there is a greater opportunity to purchase a
home in Salinas due to availability and pricing (see
HA-2), Salinas is also the city furthest away from the
military installations on the peninsula. Figure 6-6
shows that, generally, the cities closest to NSA
Monterey and POM facilities have higher median
housing values than those located further away.
Affordable housing being located further from the
installations results in increased drive time for more
workers and students. Increased drive times can
impact quality of life for personnel, which can also
contribute to recruitment and retention at POM and
NSA Monterey.
Housing Forecasts in the North County Study Area
Source: Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments 2022 Regional Growth Forecast. 9 AMBAG Regional Housing Needs Allocation Plan: 2023 – 2031 (2022)
Jurisdiction 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 % Growth # Change Del Rey Oaks 741 762 809 848 1052 1195 61% 454
Marina 7,784 8,277 8,837 9,265 9,521 9,693 25% 1,909
Monterey 13,705 13,705 13,920 14,209 14,402 14,549 6% 844 Pacific Grove 8,201 8,214 8,267 8,336 8,400 8,463 3% 262 Salinas 43,411 45,552 48,673 50,968 52,229 53,150 22% 9,739 Seaside 10,920 11,437 11,925 12,248 12,604 13,192 21% 2,272 Unincorporated
Monterey County 39,839 40,271 40,620 40,908 41,271 41,408 4% 1,569 ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 185, Packet Page 377 6-30 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Drive Time and Median Housing Values in the North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Ord Military
Community
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del
Rey Oaks
Marina
Monterey
Pacific
Grove
Salinas
Sand City
Seaside
£¤101
¬«183
¬«68
¬«218
¬«1
¬«156
Legend
Median Housng Value
$0 - $150,000.00
$150,000.01 - $300,000.00
$300,000.01 - $600,000.00
$600,000.01 - $900,000.00
$900,000+
Drive Time (Minutes)
0 - 30
30 - 45
45 - 60 (1 Hour)
60 - 75
75 - 90
105 - 120 (2 Hours)
Department of Defense Property
Census Block Group Boundary
Incorporated Place
US Highway
State Route
Water
0 ½ 1 2
Miles
Source: US Census. USGS.
City of Monterey, Esri, 2021. Modeled at 8 am,
cars commuting to installations.
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HA-4 Childcare availability has the
potential to impact quality of life.
POM provides on-base childcare options for
military and civilian personnel. Staff shortages
limit the availability of childcare at POM. Access
to quality childcare can impact personnel
retention at the Presidio and
at DLFLIC.
Currently, there are three dedicated military child
development centers on military installations on the
peninsula. There is a child development center in
OMC, operated by the Army; one at La Mesa
Military Housing Complex, operated by the Navy;
and another at POM, operated by the City of
Monterey.
Both the availability and affordability of childcare are essential for military families and key to maintaining
the military mission. Quality child-care availability
helps ensure that service members can meet military
obligations and the POM and NSA Monterey civilian
workforce can remain employed. Quality childcare
also provides young children with the fundamentals
for learning as they advance through the school
system. For military families, primary care and early
education facilities that offer young children a stable and secure environment can be especially critical
during periods of deployment, after personnel
return home, and when transitioning to a new duty
station. Yet military parents often have difficulty
finding facilities and individual providers who can
accommodate the mobility and unusual work hours
associated with service. The Blue Star Families’ 2021
Military Family Lifestyle Survey10 reported the
following:
n 32% of active-duty family respondents noted
that childcare resources are regularly needed.
10 https://bluestarfam.org/wpcontent/uploads/2022/03/BSF_MFLS_Results2021_ComprehensiveR eport_3_22.pdf
n 31% of active-duty service members who are
dissatisfied with their job note that one of the
top three reasons for being dissatisfied is
childcare challenges.
n 34% of active-duty spouses noted that they
currently do not work because childcare is
too expensive.
n Of those who need childcare, only 22%
reported that they are always able to find the
childcare that they need for their
current situation.
The generally insufficient availability of childcare has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19
pandemic as childcare centers in the community
have closed and others have reduced their capacity
due to COVID-related safety protocols and staffing
challenges. Childcare facility closures and reduced
capacities impact waitlists for childcare, which can
be years long.
This trend occurred at the POM childcare facility.
During the COVID pandemic, the capacity of the
Child Development Center was reduced. This
creates challenges for military families as more
families are returning to work.
For military child development centers, a major
barrier to providing sufficient care is staffing.
Staffing challenges for these centers are mostly due
to staffing turnover and hiring requirements.
Turnover at the child development centers is a
challenge as staff at the centers is often partially
made up of military spouses. When personnel rotate
out of their service or program at the Presidio,
DLIFLC, or NSA Monterey, they move on to another
location; thus, their spouses also leave the
community and their current jobs. The constant
rotation adds to the challenge of maintaining
consistently adequate staff at military child
ATTACHMENT 1
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the hiring process entails a background check,
creating a lengthy process and barrier
to employment.
Child development centers on military installations
support military readiness, making it necessary to
have adequate availability.
HA-5
Education in the North County
Study Area can impact quality of life
and thus impact retention and
recruitment.
The quality of primary and secondary schools in
the region may impact quality of life for military
families. This could ultimately have impacts on
retention and recruitment to the area.
Quality primary and secondary education is fundamental to childhood intellectual and social development, as well as future economic opportunities. Good schools are a
primary concern of many parents, including military
families, who need to place their children in new learning environments whenever and wherever they are relocated.
According to the Blue Star Families’ 2021 Military Family Lifestyle Survey, military children's education continues to be among the top five concerns for active-duty
respondents.11
The types, locations, and affordability of childcare, pre-K learning programs, schools, and after-school activities can determine whether military spouses are able to work
outside the home and whether service members are
mission-ready. It can also determine where military families choose to live and whether they will remain in an area after transitioning out of the Army or Navy. These factors can all impact the retention and recruitment of personnel.
According to the Monterey County Office of Education,
there are 18 school districts and 144 schools in Monterey 11 https://bluestarfam.org/wpcontent/uploads/2022/03/BSF_MFLS_Results2021_ComprehensiveR eport_3_22.pdf
County and have a combined student population of
approximately 63,000.12
Table 6.9 summarizes these districts in terms of the
number of public, private, and charter schools and the
number of students in each district.
Monterey Bay School District Enrollment
Source: Districts & Schools: Student Enrollment by District, Monterey County Office of Education, California Department of Education; https://www.montereycoe.org/about-us/districtsschools; accessed May 23, 2022. 12https://www.montereycoe.org/districts-schools/
District
School Type
Current
School
Enrollment
PublicCharter (Public)Private
Alisal Union 13 0 0 8,750
Big Sur Unified 1 1 0 82
Bradley Union
Elementary 1 0 0 70
Carmel Unified 10 0 2 2,483
Chualar Union 1 0 0 298
Gonzales Unified 4 0 1 2,344
Graves Elementary 1 0 0 42
Lagunita
Elementary 1 0 0 91
Mission Union 1 0 0 125
Monterey County
Office of Education 4 5 0 1,715
Monterey
Peninsula Unified 25 1 9 10,526
North Monterey
County Unified 9 0 1 4,594
Pacific Grove
Unified 6 0 0 1,981
Salinas City
Elementary 15 0 3 8,566
Salinas Union High 13 0 3 16,257
Santa Rita Union
Elementary 6 0 1 3,588
Spreckels Union
Elementary 2 0 0 996
Washington Union
Elementary 4 0 0 880
Total 117 7 20 63,388
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Land/Air Space Competition
The military manages and uses land and air space to
accomplish testing, training, and operational
missions. These resources must be available and of
sufficient size, cohesiveness, and quality to
accommodate effective training and testing. Military
and civilian land and air operations can compete for
limited land and air space, especially when the
usage areas are near each other. The use of these
shared resources can impact future development
and operations for all users.
Key Terms
Restricted area (RA). A restricted area is a type of
special-use airspace where certain flight and ground
operations must be confined as they could be
hazardous to non-participating aircraft, such as
commercial or general aviation aircraft.
Special use airspace. Special use airspace is
airspace wherein activities must be confined
because of their nature, or wherein limitations are
imposed on aircraft operations that are not a part of
those activities, or both.
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). An unmanned
aircraft system, often referred to as a drone, is a
powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human
operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide
vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted
remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and
can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload.
13UAS by the Numbers, Federal Aviation Administration; accessed May 15, 2022: https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/by_the_numbers/ LAS-1
Increased use of civilian unmanned
aircraft systems in the future could
impact military operations and
generate security concerns.
It is likely that both military and civilian use of
unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) will increase in
the future. Civilian use of UAS can cause safety
and security concerns for the military if UASs are
flown close to or over any of the military
installations located on the peninsula. While not
yet considered a significant issue, the potential
for intentional or unintentional UAS flights over
military bases is a stated security concern of
the Navy.
The use of drones, or UASs, has increased across
the U.S. in recent years due to their availability in
terms of cost, ease of use, and size. As of February
2022, there were approximately 860,000
recreational and commercial UASs registered with
the FAA in the U.S.13 Both recreational and
commercial drones create security concerns for
military personnel and equipment, as many drones
have built-in cameras. Drone operations near
military installations can create security risks for the military if the drone is used to capture photographs
of federal property, operations, activities, or
facilities. Whether these actions are done
intentionally or unintentionally, UAS activity is a
concern to the military installations on the peninsula.
The FAA is the federal entity responsible for
regulating the use of UASs in active airspace and
requires UASs that meet certain size and weight
specifications to be registered to be authorized for
use. Additionally, the FAA has established no-fly or
restricted areas for UASs, such as around airports
and over military installations. The restricted area for UAS use near NSA Monterey is shown on Figure
6.7. As illustrated, the FAA does not authorize
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installation and FAA permission.
The FAA receives more than 100 reports of
unauthorized drone flights a month, nationwide..
Between January 2021 and January 2022, there
were three sightings of an unauthorized drone in the
North County Study Area.14 As shown in Table 6.10,
there are approximately 41 drones registered in the
Study Area and the surrounding area (as of the third
quarter, 2021). These include both commercial and
recreational drones. Only cities are reported in FAA
registration; therefore, the number of drones in
unincorporated counties is not included in this table.
14UAS Sightings Report, Federal Aviation Administration; accessed February 3, 2022,
https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/public_records/
Drone Registrations in the North County
Study Area, Third Quarter, 2021
Jurisdiction
Drones
registered by
recreational
flyers
Drones
registered by
certified
remote pilots.)
Carmel-by-the-Sea 5 5
Del Rey Oaks 2 1
Marina 1 1
Monterey 7 4
Pacific Grove 2 1
Seaside 1 1
Salinas 5 5
Source: Geographic listing of hobby/non-hobbyists UAS
registry enrollments and registrants. 2021 Q3 data, FAA; accessed February 3, 2022:
https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/public_records/uas_sigh tings_report
uas_sightings_report.
https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/public_records/uas_sightings_re port/
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FAA Drone Restricted Airspace in the North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Defense
Language
Institute
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
Ord Military
Community
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex
Presidio of
Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
¬«1
¬«68
¬«218
¬«68
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey
Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
Monterey
Forest
Asilomar
Prescott
Pacific Grove Carmel
Canyon Del Rey
Franklin
Pearl
Scenic
El Dorado
Casanova
Fremont
Pine Carpenter
Suns et
Plumas
Central
Yosemite
Iris Canyon
San Carlos
Junipero
Munras
Reservation
Kimball
Congress
San Pablo
Military
La Salle
Noche Buena
Ocean View
Hilby
Lopez
Pacific
Josselyn Canyon
Broadway
Mar Vista
David
Del Monte
Carmel Valley
Lighthouse
Skyline
Aguajito
17 Mile
South
Legend
FAA National Security UAS
Flight Restriction Areas
FAA Drone Ceiling
Altitudes
0 ft
100 ft
200 ft
300 ft
400 ft
Department of Defense
Property
Monterey
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand City
Seaside
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles Source: FAA, 2022.
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drones in certain airspace, including over national
parks and military installations, in military airspace
and within five miles of medium and large airports,
the FAA has limited authority and resources to
enforce these rules. There have been many
instances across the country of recreational UAS
users flying their drones near or over military
installations. If these are seen by personnel on the
installation, they may not know if the drone is being
used for recreational or malicious purposes and so
must treat it as a security concern.
The FAA Aerospace Forecast for Fiscal Years 2021-
2041 projects the number of UASs that will be in the
United States over a 20-year horizon. The forecast
predicts an additional 110,000 small recreational
UASs and an additional 246,000 small commercial
UASs will be registered between 2021 and 2025.
The FAA has a variety of resources on its website for
use by local law enforcement agencies,
municipalities, and UAS operators
(https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/). The website
informs people of FAA regulations and policies,
provides tools for operators to identify safe and
unsafe areas to use UASs, and gives information on
how to handle violations of FAA regulations. The
FAA also operates an interactive online mapping
tool that identifies restricted and regulated UAS
areas, such as military installations and around
airports. This tool can be accessed at
https://udds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/.
The FAA has developed several other resources for
communities and drone operators to promote the
safe operation of drones. For local communities, the
FAA developed a “No Drone Zone” awareness
package, which includes image-based signs and
other tools to inform users about areas that are
restricted from drone operations. Individual
communities may also enact their own drone
ordinances to further regulate drone operations in
their area.
“No Drone Zone” poster that informs users the area is
prohibited from drone use (FAA, n.d.)
The FAA has also created the free B4UFLY mobile
app that also provides information and interactive
maps to assist drone operators in learning where
they can and cannot fly their drones. However, this
application does not allow drone users to request or
obtain airspace authorization to fly in
controlled airspaces.
More information on the app can be found at
https://www.faa.gov/uas/where_to_fly/b4ufly.
Technological tools, such as geofencing and
mechanical limitations on the distance UASs can fly
can keep drones out of areas of concern and
thereby limit hazards. Geofencing uses GPS or
radio frequency identification to create a
geographic boundary that location-aware devices
avoid. However, this technology is not required by
law, and few manufacturers have incorporated it into
their systems.
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The FAA supports the exchange of UAS data
through a partnership called the LAANC. LAANC is
a collaboration between the FAA and the UAS
industry that supports UAS integration into restricted
airspace. UAS service suppliers provide software
applications and mobile apps to use LAANC.
LAANC provides three key assets:
n Information on where UAS can and cannot
be flown
n Access to controlled airspace at or below 400
feet for civilian UASs
n Visual tracking of where and when drones are
operating for air traffic control professionals
LAANC allows for and automates the application
and approval of airspace authorizations online.
These requests are checked against multiple
airspace data sources, such as UAS facility maps,
special use airspace data, airports, and airspace
classes, as well as temporary fight restrictions and
notices to airmen. LAANC allows pilots to receive
their authorization in close to real-time, and pilots do not need to notify the tower before flying unless
authorization specifically requires it.
The State of California has some regulations related
to the use of drones; however, none pertain to the
use of drones near military installations.
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Local jurisdictions’ general plans and zoning
ordinances can be the most effective tools for
preventing or resolving land use compatibility
issues. These tools ensure the separation of land
uses that differ significantly in character or that may adversely impact one another, regardless of use
similarity. For instance, industrial uses are often
separated from residential uses to avoid impacts
from noise, odors, and lighting.
Land use planning near military installations is used
to evaluate and ensure land use compatibility. For
example, local jurisdictions evaluate noise when
considering the compatibility of residential
developments with nearby commercial or industrial
areas to determine allowable uses. As the land
between two municipalities is developed, or the
land between a municipality and a military
installation is developed, both entities are affected.
New residents, tenants, or building owners are
typically not fully aware of the implications of
locating near an active military installation or
training area.
LU-1
Growth in surrounding communities
could lead to land use
encroachment.
There is a potential for future growth in
surrounding communities to encroach on the
boundaries of POM, NSA Monterey, and DMDC.
Encroachment is generally understood as groundlevel horizontal development and use of land near military facilities; however, encroachment can
also take a more vertical form with the
development of taller buildings near military
installations and access control points. This
potential is particularly evident around the
Presidio and NPS.
Land use is generally appropriate around the
military installations on the peninsula. Of concern,
however, is the potential for mid- to high-rise, mixeduse development along the boundaries of POM and NSA Monterey facilities. Both vertical orientation
and mixed uses can increase use densities and
activity volumes around these facilities, creating
force protection and security concerns, as well as
exacerbating existing traffic congestion near military
access control points (see also AT-1 and SA-1).
Within the North County Study Area, the cities and
some developed areas in unincorporated portions of
the county are densely populated and urbanized.
This urban form encompasses the Presidio and NSA
facilities, as previously shown on Figures 6.5, 6.6,
and 6.7.
Section 65040.2 of the California Government
Code requires that general plans consider the
impact of civilian growth on readiness activities at
military bases, installations, and training areas within the land use element. In addition to land use, it is
important that current and planned land uses around
the military installations on the peninsula are
compatible in terms of form. Attention to form can
prevent impacts on residents in nearby communities
and ensure that the military mission is not
constrained by nearby development, particularly by
more intense development along the
installation boundaries.
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Public Trespassing
Public Trespassing refers to both intentional and
unintentional trespassing on military installations.
The potential for trespassing increases with the
proximity of public use areas such as hiking and
other recreational areas.
PT-1 Trespassing at NSA Monterey and
OMC is of concern.
There have been instances of unintentional
trespassing at NSA Monterey and OMC due to
the lack of security fencing around some areas, as
well as reported intentional intrusions of
secure areas.
There have been incidences of trespassing at both
NSA Monterey and OMC. At NSA Monterey, there
have been reoccurrences of intentional intrusions
onto the installation within the last year. While NSA
Monterey continues to monitor the situation, the
intentionality of trespassing incidents presents
security concerns. There have also been several
incidences of unintentional trespassing. While there
is signage to indicate the presence of the
installation, there is a potential that commuters
remain unaware of the NSA Monterey boundary.
Additionally, there is a perception in the community
that NSA Monterey provides tours of the historic
sites located on the installation. While these sites are culturally significant and of interest to the
community, NSA Monterey does not currently
provide public tours. The installation does host
community events, such as Cultural Day and
Concerts at the Lawn at the historic hotel, to give the community an opportunity to visit NSA Monterey
and engage with local history.
The OMC has also experienced cases of
trespassing. Unlike the NSA Monterey, the OMC
does not have a controlled perimeter with an
established fence line. Because of this, there is
potential for trespassing, both intentional and
unintentional.
Antiterrorism standards authorize commanders at all
levels to enforce security measures at their will and
charges them with protecting persons and property
under their control. Numerous DoD UFC
publications outline various fencing and security
measures appropriate for military installations. The
following UFC criteria are applicable to security
engineering:
n 4-022-01 Security Engineering: Entry Control
Facilities/Access Control Points
n 4-010-01 DoD Minimum Antiterrorism
Standards for Buildings
n 4-020-01 Security Engineering: Facility
Planning Manual
n 4-022-02 Security Engineering: Design and
Selection of Active Vehicle Barriers
n 4-022-03 Security Fences and Gates
n 3-530-01 Design: Interior, Exterior Lighting,
Security Lighting, and Controls
The Military Handbook Design Guidelines for
Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers, and Guard
Facilities (MIL-HDBK-1013/10) indicates that
installations should use signage at 200-foot intervals
on the exterior installation fencing to inform and
warn potential trespassers that there is a U.S. military installation at the specified location. All military
services recognize the importance of a secured
installation; however, only the U.S. Navy has
published specific guidelines for warning/no
trespassing signs.
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By definition, resiliency is the ability to bounce
back. For this study, resiliency is the ability of a
military base to withstand and/or adapt to persistent
impacts associated with climate change, including
severe weather, drought, flooding, and wildland
fires. These events can present planning and
operational challenges for the military as
environments are altered and resources depleted,
both on installations and in surrounding
communities. Resiliency is installation-specific,
dependent on enhanced local capacities and
redundancies — military and civilian — to ensure
the functionality of critical systems and infrastructure and to sustain mission requirements during disasters
and their prolonged effects.
Key Terms
Climate Adaptation. Climate adaptation is the
process of adjusting to the effects of the
changing climate.
Changing Environment. The changing
environment references changes in the earth’s
environment, including the atmosphere, as a result
of natural ecological processes and human activities.
Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are gases
emitted into the atmosphere that trap reflected
solar heat.
Radiative Forcing. Radiative forcing references
changes in atmospheric energy flux (heating or
cooling) associated with changes in climate.
Redundant utility service. Utility service
redundancy involves more than one instance of a
utility main service connection, such as for potable
water or electric power.
Resilience. Resilience is the conditions or capacity
through which a system and its components
anticipate, absorb, and recover from the effects of a
disruptive hazard or threat.
Utility resilience. Utility resilience references the
conditions or capacity through which a utility system
anticipates, absorbs, and recovers from the effects
of a disruptive hazard or threat.
Utility service vulnerability. Utility service
vulnerability occurs when a utility system or its
associated critical infrastructure is exposed to a
threat or hazard such as extreme weather or
destructive human activities (e.g., cyberterrorism).
Climate change is accelerating environmental
change across the globe. While the exact causes are
not fully understood, a combination of natural
variations and human activities are believed
involved, and it is clear that increased carbon
emissions from fossil fuel burning is a primary
driver. The buildup of greenhouse gases, including
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and
fluorinated gases, causes solar heat to be trapped in
the atmosphere instead of being radiated back into
space. This is referred to as radiative forcing.
Positive radiative forcing results when solar heat
reflected by the earth’s surface is trapped by
greenhouse gases and temperatures in the
atmosphere increase.
Carbon dioxide emissions are the primary cause of
human effects on the environment, accounting for
nearly 80% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in
2020. Primary carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S.
are listed below:
n Transportation activities
n Electric power generation
n Industrial processes
n Residential and commercial activities
n Other non-fossil fuel combustion
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The military has identified multiple threats and
hazards to military installations as a result of
atmospheric changes:
n Temperature extremes
n Precipitation extremes
n Extreme weather, including hurricanes,
tornados, and other intense storms
n Flooding, including riverine, coastal, and
flash flooding
n Sea level rise
n Land degradation, including excessive soil
erosion and desertification
n More frequent and intense wildland fires
n Drought conditions
n Increased energy demand
Climate and associated environmental changes are
likely to continue without aggressive measures to
reduce greenhouse emissions and mitigate
associated impacts. Efforts are underway at federal,
state, and local levels, including at military
installations and in communities, to identify and
implement actions for adapting to the changing
environment in an effort to increase resilience and
reduce threats, hazards, and their impacts.
The DoD continues to emphasize and plan for
increased utility security for military installations. The DoD’s installation energy strategy is designed to
ensure mission assurance for the warfighter, reduce
energy costs, and improve energy resilience at fixed
installations. These efforts include the following:
n Reducing the demand for installation energy
and water through conservation and more
efficient use
n Expanding the energy supply distributed on site
for mission assurance
n Improving the energy grid and storage
resilience of installations
n Leveraging advanced technology for energy
resource efficiencies and increased security
n Improving the cybersecurity of mission-critical,
facility-related control systems
Finally, the military recognizes that working with
local communities is critical to ensuring
energy/water resilience for installations. This is of
particular importance where installations depend on
utility services from a public or private entity that is not located on the base. Programs such as the
Defense Community Infrastructure Pilot (DCIP)
Program can assist with addressing community
infrastructure deficiencies where those systems
support military installations.
RE-1
There is a concern about the potential
risk from wildland fires in the North
County Study Area.
The North County Study Area is a mixture of
urbanized areas and less developed open space
that constitutes a wildland/urban interface in
several locations with risk of wildland fire impacts.
The northern portion of Monterey County has a coolsummer Mediterranean climate, but the region can experience hot days during the summer months. The
climate is relatively dry, with most precipitation
occurring during the winter months. There is
minimal rainfall from June through September. The
warm, dry summers along with periodic windy
conditions can increase the potential for wildland
fires. Although the California fire season has
typically been late summer/early fall, climate change
has contributed to an expanded fire season across
the state, including in Monterey County.
The North County Study Area is a region that has
both urbanized areas and relatively undeveloped
open space, along with lightly developed locations.
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Grove, Monterey, Del Rey Oaks, Seaside, Sand
City, and Marina have the Pacific Ocean to the west
and somewhat less developed land to the east and
south, including undeveloped portions of the
Coastal Range. The City of Salinas is located further
inland and has agricultural land to the west and
undeveloped portions of the Coastal Range to the
east.
All of the North County Study Area communities are
situated in areas where higher-density urban land
uses transition to less-intense use and more-forested
areas. Locations where developed suburban/urban
zones transition to forests and other fire-prone
natural areas are referred to as wildland/urban
interface (WUI) areas. Over time, WUI areas in the
State of California have increased in overall size as
development expanded into previously undeveloped
and fire-prone areas.
WUI areas pose greater risks in terms of public
safety and potential property damage when
compared to more rural wildland fires. Wildland
fires near residential areas present a critical risk to homes and residents. A key challenge to mitigate
risk is to mitigate or prevent fire transfer within the WUI areas that border cities where residences and
businesses can be directly impacted.
Military installations located in the North County
Study Area are also at risk of wildland fire impacts.
POM is located to the northeast of relatively
undeveloped land areas, including the SFB Morse
Botanical Reserve and Huckleberry Hill Natural
Habitat. OMC is west of open space areas. Portions
of the NSA Monterey are north of Monterey County
open space, including Jacks Peak Park. The Fort Ord
Reuse Area located to the east of the City of Seaside
includes the Fort Ord National Monument that has
approximately 15,000 acres of undeveloped land.
Wildland fires have the potential to spread into
developed areas managed by the military or from
military lands into local communities.
There are three primary factors that help identify
wildland fire risks:
n Topography – steep slopes and canyons,
particularly west- and south-facing slopes, can
increase the speed at which wildland
fires spread
n Fuel – dense, dry vegetation increases the risk
of fire, while dense tree stands can increase
fire temperatures
n Weather – hot, dry weather along with wind
and lightning strikes increase the potential for
wildland fires
Figure 6.8 shows the wildland fire hazard potential
for areas in the North County Study Area. The
wildfire hazard in the region ranges from very low
to very high, with the areas with the highest fire
potential to the east and south. The map also shows
the extent of the WUI areas, which comprise the
majority of the North County Study Area. All
stakeholder communities and military installations
are within or partially within WUI areas, as identified in the Monterey County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan (MCCWPP).
With few exceptions, most large wildland fires in
Monterey County have occurred in the central and
southern portions of the county. This is changing as
wildland fires occur more often and become larger
in size. In 2020, the River Fire burned nearly
50,000 acres east of the City of Salinas. The fire
destroyed 30 structures and damaged 13 facilities.
The Carmel Fire burned approximately 7,000 acres
in the Carmel Valley, destroying 73 structures and
damaging seven others. In 2022, a fire erupted
adjacent to the Navy’s La Mesa Housing area. The
fire damaged approximately 3 acres and was
extinguished with both land and air support. The
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 198, Packet Page 390 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-43 Compatibility Assessment
State of California has a robust mutual aid program
to ensure that required resources are available for
all natural and manmade disasters, including
wildland fires. Monterey County is part of the
California Master Mutual Aid (CMMA) Agreement,
specifically Coastal Region II. The three primary
components of the CMMA follow:
n Fire and Rescue Mutual Aid Plan
n Law Enforcement Mutual Aid Plan
n Emergency Management Mutual Aid Plan
The Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) that was prepared in 2022
ensures sustained actions are undertaken to
eliminate or reduce risks associated with hazards.
All jurisdictions are participants in the County
mitigation plan process. The MJHMP provides a
hazard analysis, vulnerability analysis, capability
assessment, and mitigation strategies for wildland
fires. While the plan mentions WUI areas in relation
to wildland fires, it may not adequately address the
potential for wildland fires adjacent to urban areas
in northern Monterey County.
The MCCWPP was updated in 2016 and acts as an
advisory plan for prevention and preparation
activities for wildland fires. One of the concerns
addressed in the plan is reducing the spread of
wildland fires, particularly in WUI areas. The plan
notes the importance of establishing WUI areas of
adequate size and, where appropriate, reducing
wildland fire fuel loads. Communities that are at risk
from wildland fires need to be identified as part of
wildland fire planning efforts. WUI mitigation areas
should be established in a manner to protect the
communities from wildland fire risks as much
as possible.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 199, Packet Page 391 6-44 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Wildland Fire Hazard Potential Across the North County Study Area Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Presidio of
Monterey
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Naval
Postgraduate
School
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n Ord Military
Community
Monterey
¬«1
¬«68
¬«218
¬«1
¬«68
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey
Oaks
Marina
Pacific
Grove
Salinas
Sand City
Seaside
Legend
Wildfire Hazard Potential
Very Low
Low
Moderate
High
Very High
Urban Environment/
Non-burnable
Wildland Urban Interface
Department of Defense Property
Incorporated Place
US Highway
State Route
Water
0 1½ 3
Miles
Source: USDA USFS, 2020. County of Monterey.
2016 Monterey County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 200, Packet Page 392 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-45 Compatibility Assessment
There are four fire threat treatment areas within the
WUI areas in Monterey County. The MCCWPP
defines these areas and identifies strategies and
mitigation measures for each, including the
following:
n Defensible Space
n Survivable Space
n Mitigation Zones
n Threat Zones
The MCCWPP includes multiple recommendations
for managing the WUI areas to reduce the risk of
wildland fires impacting communities in Monterey
County. Applicable recommendations made in the
MCCWPP may not have been fully incorporated into
other county plans or in local jurisdictions’ wildfire
policies and regulations. It is important that
communities in the North County Study Area
develop and/or update local fire plans and
community wildfire protection plans. These plans
should leverage and apply the guidance from the
MCCWPP.
Key elements of the local community wildfire plans,
called out by the MCCWPP, include defining WUI
areas based on six variables:
n Local topography
n Wildfire vegetation types and densities
n Watershed protection requirements
n Property lines
n Location of fuel breaks
n Proximity to federal lands
The MCCWPP provides additional
recommendations related to the preparation/update
of local community wildfire plans, such as working
closely with federal land agencies in the region to
reduce wildfire hazards close to jurisdiction
boundaries, implementing measures to reduce fire
risks to structures, and ensuring close coordination
in all wildfire planning and prevention efforts among
affected fire and land use planning agencies,
residents, and other stakeholders.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 201, Packet Page 393 6-46 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment RE-2
There is a need for efficient
evacuation routes from the
peninsula.
A well-coordinated mass evacuation process
between military installations and communities on
the Monterey Peninsula is needed to prepare for
potential hazardous events.
Due to its geography and location along the coast,
Monterey County is susceptible to various natural
hazards. Such hazards, including wildfires,
earthquakes, floods, and landslides, could require
the mass evacuation of the area to ensure
public safety.
In 2021, Monterey County developed a draft
Monterey County Operational Area Evacuation and
Transportation Plan that updates its 2010 plan and
includes evacuation plans for all hazards. This
document was a collaborative effort between local
jurisdictions and partners, including community
police and fire departments, Monterey County
Office of Emergency Services, Monterey County Fire
Protection District, North County Fire Protection
District, and CAL FIRE. While military installations
were not directly involved in the development of the
plan, it indicates that the installations in the county would collaborate with Monterey County’s
Emergency Operations Center during
emergency events.
15 2021 Monterey County Operational Area Evacuation and Transportation Plan
The North County Study Area is located within the
Peninsula Region Evacuation Zone15. This zone is
home to approximately 140,000 people. The
designated evacuation routes are listed below and
shown on Figure 6.9.
n Primary Evacuation Routes
n Highway 1
n Highway 68
n Highway 156
n Highway G16 (Carmel Valley Road)
n Highway G17 (Reservation Road)
n Secondary Evacuation Routes
n Lighthouse Ave./Del Monte Ave.
n Fremont St./Blvd.
n Pacific St. (Monterey)
n Canyon Del Rey Blvd.
n 17 Mile Drive
n Forest Ave./Holman Highway
n General Jim Moore Blvd.
n Reservation Rd.
n Inter-Garrison Rd./Imjin Pkwy.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 202, Packet Page 394 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-47 Compatibility Assessment
Evacuation Routes in the North County Study Area
Monterey
Regional Airport
Defense
Language
Institute
Naval
Postgraduate
School
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Ord Military
Community
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex
Presidio of
Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
¬«1
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¬«218
¬«68
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey
Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
Monterey
Forest
Asilomar
Prescott
Pacific Grove Carmel
Canyon Del Rey
Franklin
Pearl
Scenic
El Dorado
Casanova
Fremont
Pine Carpenter
Sunset
Plumas
Central
Yosemite
Iris Canyon
San Carlos
Junipero
Munras
Reservation
Kimball
Congress
San Pablo
Military
La Salle
Noche Buena
Ocean View
Hilby
Lopez
Pacific
Josselyn Canyon
Broadway
Mar Vista
David
Del Monte
Carmel Valley
Lighthouse
Skyline
Aguajito
17 Mile
South
Legend
Primary Evacuation Route
Secondary Evacuation Route
Major Road
Department of Defense Property
Water
Monterey
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand City
Seaside
0 ½ 1
Miles
Source: Draft 2021 Monterey County Operational
Area Evacuation and Transportation Plan,
Peninsula Region Evacuation Guide
Lighthouse Ave
Del Montey Ave General Jim Moore Blvd
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 203, Packet Page 395 6-48 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment As noted in a stakeholder interview during this CUS
process and in the County’s evacuation plan, there
are general considerations for the military
installations on the Peninsula. While specific
considerations are not listed, the plan does note that
the military installations are responsible for
evacuating their respective facilities.
The County notifies the public about evacuations in
a number of ways: in-person/direct notification;
public address systems, sirens, and alerts through
Nixle, Alert Monterey County, Wireless Emergency
Events, social media, the Office of Emergency
Services website, TV, and radio; and Caltrans
message signs. Notifications are coordinated
through the Monterey County Emergency
Operations Center.
RE-3
Erosion and sea level rise can lead
to coastal flooding and inundation
issues at military facilities on the
Peninsula.
One of the highest erosion rates in the country is
at the Beach Lab at NSA Monterey. Unabated
erosion can result in flooding, inundation, and
subsidence issues at facilities, particularly at the
unmanned vehicle facility, as water levels rise.
The NSA Monterey installation is located adjacent to
the shoreline on Monterey Bay. The Naval
Postgraduate School, located at the installation,
conducts activities at the Beach Lab Special Area.
An unmanned vehicle research laboratory is located
at the Beach Lab and supports the curriculum at
the school.
The coastline in the southern Monterey Bay area has
been identified as having one of the highest rates of
shoreline erosion in California and in the nation.
Figures 6.11 and 6.12 show the shoreline changes
in the bay area from eroding beaches. The rate of
change in the vicinity of the NSA Monterey Beach
Lab Facility ranges from approximately .5 to 1.5
meters per year. Further north, the rate of change
exceeds two meters per year in some locations.
Rates of shoreline erosion at these levels can quickly
result in damage to both built and
natural infrastructure.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 204, Packet Page 396 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-49 Compatibility Assessment
Sea level and weather condition impacts to the Navy
Beach Lab Facility were apparent as early as 2013.
The NSA Monterey INRMP identified accelerated
coastal erosion due to sea level rise is a major
concern specifically along coastal dunes near its
Beach Lab Facility.
The City of Monterey prepared a Sea Level Rise and
Vulnerability Analyses in 2016 to evaluate the
potential for climate-related variables and events to
create coastal hazards in the region. The study
looked at vulnerabilities over time using sea level
rise projections. In general, the higher the seal level rise, the greater the risk of flooding, erosion, and
shoreline subsidence in the region. The potential
primary hazards associated with rising sea levels are
listed below:
n Dune erosion
n Cliff erosion
n Coastal flooding
n Coastal inundation
The City of Monterey's 2016 Sea Level Rise and
Vulnerability Analyses projects up to an 8.8-inch rise
in sea levels in the near term (2030) and significant
coastal flooding impacts to NPS and the Navy
Beachfront, as shown on Figure 6-13. By 2100, the
sea level rise is projected to increase by 16.1 to
62.6 inches, the study indicated both facilities will
be further impacted by coastal flooding, coastal
erosion, and tidal inundation. The study
recommends relocating or elevating at-risk
structures.
Reducing erosion from rising sea levels and
associated coastal surge can be challenging and
costly. In addition, federal and state environmental
and coastal zone requirements can limit actions that
can be taken to reduce erosion. The INRMP states
the installation does not have a soil erosion
management plan.
Beach Lab Facility and Monterey Inner Shelf Observatory (MISO) at NSA Monterey (NPS, 2023).
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 205, Packet Page 397 6-50 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Shoreline Change in the North County Study Area
Monterey
Regional Airport
Naval
Beach
Lab
Presidio of
Monterey
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Defense
Language
Institute
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
Ord Military
Community
La Mesa Military
Housing Complex
Presidio of
Monterey
Defense
Manpower
Data Center
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c O c e a n
¬«1
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¬«218
¬«68
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
Monterey
Forest
Asilomar
Prescott
Pacific Grove Carmel
Canyon Del Rey
Scenic
Casanova
Fremont
Pine Carpenter
Sunset
Plumas
Central
Yosemite
Iris Canyon
San Carlos
Junipero
Munras
Reservation
Kimball
Congress
San Pablo
Military
La Salle
Noche Buena
Ocean View
Hilby
Lopez
Pacific
Josselyn Canyon
Broadway
Mar Vista
David
Del Monte
Carmel Valley
Lighthouse
Skyline
Aguajito
17 Mile
South
Legend
Shoreline change
(meters/year)*
> - 2.00 (shoreline loss)
-1.99 - 1.50
-1.49 - 1.00
-0.99 - 0.50
-0.49 - 0.00
+0.01 - 0.50
+0.51 + (shoreline gain)
Department of Defense Property
Monterey
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Pacific Grove
Sand City
Seaside
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles
Source: Cheryl J. Hapke, David Reid, Bruce M.
Richmond, Peter Ruggiero and Jeff List. (2006).
National Assessment of Shoreline Change Part 3:
Historical Shoreline Change and Associated
Coastal Land Loss Along Sandy Shorelines of the
California Coast. U.S. Geological Survey.
*Shoreline change represents changes in shoreline
between the 1950s and 2002. A corresponding
USGS publication states that the historical
shorelines were derived from USGS quadrant maps
or aerials where available, while the latest
shorelines come from a lidar run done from
1998-2002.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 206, Packet Page 398 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-51 Compatibility Assessment
Future Coastal Hazards on Public and Military Facilities RE-4 State-wide drought conditions
undermine resiliency.
Drought conditions throughout California
continue to be an issue for military resiliency due
to limited water availability and increased
wildfire risks.
Water availability and wildfire risks are impacted by
environmental conditions in the region, including
drought. Drought can be measured by evaluating
precipitation rates, soil moisture, how much water is
in snow, surface water flow rates, reservoir levels,
and groundwater levels.16
16 https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/About/WhatistheUSDM.aspx, access online May 3, 2022
According to the Drought Monitor,17 which was
developed through a partnership among the
National Drought Mitigation Center at the University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Department
of Agriculture, and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, California is mostly
experiencing “severe drought” and “extreme
drought.” Drought conditions in California and in
the North County Study Area, specifically, are
shown on Figure 6.12. According to the State’s
website, California is in its third year of drought.18
17https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.as px?CA, Accessed online on May 3, 2022
18 https://drought.ca.gov/current-drought-conditions/
2016 City of Monterey Sea Level Rise and Vulnerability Analyses.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 207, Packet Page 399 6-52 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Both Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties are
mostly experiencing “severe drought.” According to
the Drought Monitor, the following have occurred
under similar conditions in years past:
n Grazing land is inadequate
n Producers increase water efficiency methods
and drought-resistant crops
n Fire season is longer; dry fuels accumulate;
fires have higher intensities and burn larger
areas; more fire crews are on staff
n Wine country tourism increases; lake- and riverbased tourism declines; boat ramps are closed n Trees are stressed; plants increase reproductive
mechanisms; wildlife diseases increase
n Water temperatures increase; programs to
divert water to protect fish are initiated
n River flows decrease; reservoir levels are low
and banks are exposed.
The Monterey County MJHMP identifies drought as a
hazard in the county. It includes an ongoing action
item to encourage water conservation. Similarly, the
San Luis Obispo County Hazard Mitigation Plan also
identifies drought as a hazard throughout the county
and lists actions to mitigate this hazard.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 208, Packet Page 400 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-53 Compatibility Assessment
Drought Conditions within the Monterey Regional CUS Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
San Luis
Reservoir
F r e s n o C o u n t y
M a d e r a
C o u n t y
M e r c e d C o u n t y
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n B e n i t o
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s
O b i s p o
C o u n t y
S a n t a C l a r a
C o u n t y S a n t a C r u z
C o u n t y
El Paso de
Robles (Paso
Robles)
King City
Monterey
Legend
Drought Monitor Categories*
D0 (Abnormally Dry)
D1 (Moderate Drought)
D2 (Severe Drought)
D3 (Extreme Drought)
D4 (Exceptional Drought)
Department of Defense Installation
County Boundary
0 2 4 6 8 10
Miles
* Monterey County is under the D3 (Extreme Drought) Catagory Source: US Census. USGS. USDM.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 209, Packet Page 401 6-54 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment RE-5
There is a need for power and
water redundancy and resiliency at
NSA Monterey.
Energy, power, and water redundancies are
needed at NSA Monterey to ensure the
installation is resilient into the future.
As required by DoD policy, Navy installations are
focusing on utility infrastructure to ensure resiliency in the face of climate change and extreme weather.
DoD Instruction 4170.11 applies to all activities that
affect the supply, reliability, and consumption of
facility energy and water. The policy has several
requirements:
n Ensure safe, secure, reliable, and efficient
infrastructure
n Maximize energy and water conservation
n Investment in cost-effective renewable energy
n Investment in energy-efficient facilities
The instruction also lays out robust procedures for
tracking and reporting energy conservation,
performance, and investment measures.
The Navy’s Installation Energy Resilience Strategy
defines three overarching goals:
n Increase energy resiliency for defense- and taskcritical assets and infrastructure to ensure continuity of mission
n Improve assured access to reliable and quality
energy for defense- and task-critical assets and
infrastructure and to enable mission execution
n Increase energy efficiency to extend operational
durations for defense- and task-critical assets
and infrastructure and to enable
mission execution
The Navy requires all installations to prepare an
Installation Energy Plan that meets the
following goals:
n Serves as the primary planning tool to identify
requirements for enhancing installation energy
resiliency
n Accounts for the power and transmission
needed to support the introduction of new
weapons systems
n Considers the input of local utilities and other
service providers to increase and extend
energy resilience beyond the installation
fence line
The energy plans are to define a comprehensive
approach to identifying and prioritizing energy
requirements and then investing in energy projects
that enable overall installation energy performance
and resiliency. It is important that energy projects
are evaluated from a sustainability perspective that
prioritizes synergies with other installation needs
and initiatives. The Navy is also heavily focused on
engaging with local communities and energy utility
providers as part of an all-encompassing approach
to installation energy resilience.
According to DoD policy for energy and water
resiliency, installations should be able to ensure
mission-critical operations for a minimum of 14 days
in the event of energy disruptions. There are
different strategies and approaches that would help
NSA Monterey meet this requirement.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 210, Packet Page 402 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-55 Compatibility Assessment
To further enhance installation energy resilience, the
DoD and military services are pursuing partnerships
with public utilities to develop on-installation energy resilience projects. The Navy recently signed a
memorandum of understanding with the California
Energy Commission to collaborate on energy and
water resiliency projects. As an example, the Marine
Corps Air Station Miramar, a southern California
installation, is the site of a new microgrid facility that uses multiple energy sources and storage capability
to maintain critical mission operations for up to 21
days in the event of an outside energy
service disruption.
NSA Monterey obtains its potable water from the
CalAm. As discussed in relation to other RE and
WQQ issues in this study, the availability of potable
water on the Monterey Peninsula is constrained by a
number of factors. Unless the water constraints in
the region are resolved, NSA Monterey is at risk of
mission and operational impacts.
In order to ensure the continuity of critical missions
at NSA Monterey, it is necessary to develop
approaches for energy and water redundancy and
resiliency. The NSA Monterey Installation Energy
Plan and other resiliency planning should guide the
planning process to ensure effective and efficient
projects are implemented in a timely manner.
RE-6
The Monterey Peninsula lacks
redundancy for groundwater
production in the area.
The North County Study Area currently lacks
redundant or backup groundwater production
wells that can be placed in service if an existing
production well fails or must be removed from
service for an extended period of time. The lack
of redundancy can result in impacts to military
operations and community services.
The Marina Coast Water District (MCWD) provides
water to the City of Marina and Ord Community,
including OMC. The WPWMD manages the water
supplies on the Monterey Peninsula, including
groundwater and surface water sources, and is
closely involved with efforts to conserve and reuse
water in the district. The CalAm Water Company is
the primary water supplier within the district. In this capacity, CalAm takes raw or recovered water, treats
it to required standards and then distributes the
drinking water to the communities and military
installations in the North County Study Area.
CalAm obtains its water supplies from
multiple sources:
n Carmel Valley Alluvial Aquifer
n Seaside Groundwater Basin
n Carmel River Reservoir
n Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) facilities
n Various water treatment facilities
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 211, Packet Page 403 6-56 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment The water from the Carmel Valley Alluvial Aquifer,
Seaside Groundwater Basin, and the ASR facilities is
sourced using groundwater wells located throughout
the region. In some cases, excess water from the
Carmel River is recharged back into the
groundwater aquifer for storage and production in
the future. The use of injection and recovery wells
enables this efficient use of water supplies to help
meet regional demand.
CalAm uses a drinking water distribution and
conveyance system that crosses four districts to
move water to required locations. As discussed in
the water quality and quantity assessment, water
supplies on the Monterey Peninsula are severely
constrained. Future growth in the region will be
affected by changes in water supplies and
available quantities.
Another potential limiting factor in providing
drinking water to the region is the infrastructure
available to pump the water from groundwater
sources. The drinking water supply system must
have adequate capacity to ensure communities and
the military have the drinking water needed to
conduct necessary activities. Typically, systems are
designed and constructed with some level of
additional capacity beyond expected demand.
Moreover, the system must be able to meet basic
water demands when portions of the system are
offline for maintenance or as a result of unplanned
failures or constraints.
In the spring of 2022, the MPWMD required CalAm
to stop pumping water from one ASR well due to
concerning “travel times” from the injection well to
the recovery well. Time for injected water to move
through the aquifer is needed to ensure natural
treatment is effective. Concerns were raised about
shutting down the ASR well and the potential
impacts on drinking water supplies.
The event highlights the need for redundant
groundwater pumping capabilities as critical to
accessing water supplies that are sufficient, only if
recoverable despite partial system shutdowns.
Effective and efficient redundant capabilities for a
drinking water supply system is key to utility
resiliency for communities and military installations
in the Study Area.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 212, Packet Page 404 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-57 Compatibility Assessment
Roadway Capacity
Roadway capacity refers to the adequacy of existing
freeways, highways, arterials, and local roads in
providing sufficient mobility, connectivity, and
access to military installations and points of interest in surrounding communities.
RC-1
There is traffic congestion at
installation entrances in the North
County Study Area.
There is reported traffic congestion at POM and
NSA Monterey entrances, including on
Lighthouse and Sloat Avenues. Congestion could
be exacerbated if gates do not comply with
current military requirements.
The most recent traffic count data maintained by the
Transportation Agency for Monterey County (TAMC)
indicates that Del Monte Avenue near NSA
Monterey ranges from an average daily traffic (ADT)
count of 26,488 east of NSA Monterey to an ADT of
36,227 just west of NPS near Camino Aguajito. At
peak traffic, this section of Del Monte has one of the
higher peak traffic counts for TAMC (17 out of 217).
There is no current TAMC traffic data for Sloat
Avenue; however, a 2015 Caltrans traffic count
determined an ADT of 10,801 along Sloat.
Lighthouse Avenue near POM had the 12th highest
peak traffic count with an ADT of 45,067, as
counted near the intersection with Private Bolio
Road. Peak ADT on Private Bolio Road near the
Bolio Gate is 2,456.
The main entry control facility for NSA Monterey,
Sloat Gate, is off Sloat Avenue at Morse Drive. Sloat
Gate is the primary access point for NPS and is
open 24/7. The Del Monte Gate was closed during
the height of the COVID pandemic, but hours of
operation are limited, and the gate is not open to
the general public. Garden Gate is for emergency
use only.
The Private Bolio Road Gate is open 24/7 for access
to POM. Hours of operation are limited at the
Franklin Street Gate and the Taylor Street Gate to
non-commercial vehicles. The High Street Gate is
closed. All gates are patrolled on a regular basis.
Military installation access control points are
required to meet DoD and service regulations for
force protection. Access control points at POM and
NSA Monterey are geographically constrained by
terrain and the existing built environment. As such,
the land available on installation may not be able to
accommodate the queuing of traffic on public
streets and roads leading onto post during peak
traffic. An installation-specific traffic study was
completed in 2022 by the Presidio’s Department of
Public Works Master Planning Division through the
DoD’s Transportation Engineering Agency. The
study identified deficiencies specific to traffic
circulation at Bolio Gate and recommended
improvement projects that may alleviate some trafficrelated concerns there.
The 2022 Monterey County Regional Transportation
Plan does not have any findings related to traffic
congestion at installation access control points in the North County Study Area. The application of
structural transportation improvements is limited by
physical and geographic constraints of the peninsula
and pre-20th Century organic urban growth patterns.
Special consideration should be made for the
application of non-structural strategies.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 213, Packet Page 405 6-58 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Traffic Points of Friction in the North County Study Area #0
#0
#0#0
#0 #0
#0 #0
#0
#0
#0
#0
Naval Research Laboratory
Marine Meteorology Division
and
Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center
Defense
Language
Institute
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
La Mesa
Military
Housing
Complex
Presidio of
Monterey
¬«1
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¬«218
Pacific Gro ve
San d
City
Seaside
Mo n terey
Bo lio Gate – Op en 24/7
Fran klin St. Gate
Limited Op eratio n
Taylo r St. Gate – Limited Op eratio n
High St. Gate – Curren tly clo sed
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State Ro ute
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0 ¼ ½
Miles So urce: Matrix Design Gro up , 2022.
Presidio o f Mo n terey, 2021.
ATTACHMENT 1
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RC-2
Limited transit options to and from
military installations create
commuting concerns.
Some military commuter Monterey-Salinas Transit
(MST) routes are suspended due to the impacts of
COVID-19, which may affect transportation
choices for long-distance commuters working on
military installations in the North County
Study Area.
The MST District operates public transit throughout
Monterey County. MST has 14 military commuter
routes to provide military personnel and civilian
employees mass transit options. In 2020, seven of
these dedicated military commuter routes were
suspended as active bus routes due to COVID-19, as
shown on Figure 6-17. Notable routes included
Route 78 (Presidio-Santa Cruz), which serviced
many non-appropriated fund employees. Two routes
were discontinued entirely, 67 from Marina and 69
from Del Monte Center. MST reduced service for
the remaining active routes, including discontinuing
a dedicated stop at Camp Roberts for Route 85.
These MST commuter routes serviced 75,000 daily
riders prior to discontinuation, suspension, or
reduction in active bus routes.
19 MST Comprehensive Operation Analysis, 2022,
https://mst.org/about-mst/planning-development/coa/
The currently suspended routes are:
n 70 – Presidio-La Mesa
n 74 – Presidio-Toro Park
n 75 – Presidio-Marshall Park
n 76 – Presidio-Stillwell Park
n 78 – Presidio – Santa Cruz
n 82 – Fort Hunter Liggett-Salinas
n 85 – Fort Hunter Liggett-Templeton
Additionally, in February 2022, the MST
Comprehensive Operational Analysis Final Network
Plan identified the new transit network that will take
effect in late 2022. Per this new plan, there are
additional routes being removed, including the Line
3 transit route that provided services near the
Franklin Gate at the Presidio of Monterey.
19 As governed by DoD Instruction 1000.27, both the
Army and Navy have active Mass Transportation
Benefit Programs (MTBP) in effect for all regions
within the United States. The Navy MTBP program is
the Transportation Incentive Program (TIP) for areas
outside the National Capital Region.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 215, Packet Page 407 6-60 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment As of 2022, both programs provide $280 per month, per
qualified military member or employee. The MTBP benefit applies to military personnel, civilian employees, and nonappropriated funded employees. Four mass transit methods are recognized as qualified means of
transportation:
n Commuter Bus
n Commuter Train
n Subway/Light Rail
n Vanpool
At one time, many of the military commuter routes
had on-installation bus stops and on-base shuttle
service that have since been discontinued due to an
Army legal review of internal regulations, policies
and statutes related to supplemented shuttle service
and outside excursions.
Faculty and staff from DLIFLC expressed interest in
the return of suspended routes to active commuter
service as a considerable number of critical native
language instructors live outside the region. Other
concerns noted during the study were related to
dedicated military routes not available to the general
public and inadvertent access to installations by
unauthorized persons.
20 Monterey-Salinas Transit Medium Concept Network;
https://mst.org/wpcontent/media/transit_medium_peninsulasalinas.png/ As of this study, MST military commuter routes are
not restored to pre-COVID levels despite the end of
public health restrictions on DoD facilities.
The MST 2022 Medium Concept Network was
approved by MST’s board of directors in 2022. This
public transportation network provides access to
NPS through Line 20; FNMOC through Line 94; La
Mesa Military Housing Complex through Line 8; and
the POM through line A/B.20
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 216, Packet Page 408 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-61 Compatibility Assessment
Suspended MST Military Commuter Routes Map
Military Commuter Routes, Monterey Salinas Transit, 2022.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 217, Packet Page 409 6-62 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment MST 2022 Medium Concept Network
Monterey Salinas Transit, Comprehensive Operational
Analysis, 2022 Medium Concept Network.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 218, Packet Page 410 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-63 Compatibility Assessment
RC-3
Parking on-base can have impacts
on parking conditions and
congestion in the surrounding
community.
Efficient parking near key facilities on POM is limited, which can impact transportation choices for those
commuting to POM. This could also impact parking
conditions outside of the POM fence line, as well as
congestion in and outside of POM. Parking strategies
should also encourage transportation alternatives that do not require parking, such as active and
alternative transportation.
Unlike many campus facilities across the country,
POM does not operate reserved parking lots. Except
for key leaders and staff, there is no dedicated
parking on the installation. Parking is on a firstcome, first-served basis, which leads to inefficient parking for tenant activities. Additionally, the
suspension of MST service routes as covered in the
RC-2 assessment adds additional demand for
parking on the installation. Some commuters choose
to park on the streets outside off base and walk to
work on POM. This in turn can further exacerbate
local city street parking and traffic flow.
Employee Parking, Presidio of Monterey Public Affairs, Hiro Chang, 2010 ATTACHMENT 1
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Public services concerns include assurances that
police, fire, emergency medical services, parks and
recreation, infrastructure, and similar resources are
of good quality and available to the installation and
surrounding communities as the area develops. The
supply and demand of these public services in the
event of emergency situations are also considered.
PS-1
Accidents along Highway 1 illustrate
force protection vulnerability along
the NSA Monterey fence line.
Accidents on Highway 1 can compromise force
protection along the southern boundary of the
NPS campus. Additionally, this vulnerability
presents a force protection concern for NSA
Monterey.
California State Highway 1 runs parallel to the
southern installation boundary of NSA Monterey for
approximately 940 yards. In some places along the
road, the NSAM fence line is at the same level as
the roadway, less than 20 feet from the shoulder of
the highway, with the only existing barrier an
approximately 8-foot-high chain link fence.
NSA Monterey Security Forces reported somewhat
frequent occurrences of vehicular accidents along
Highway 1. Accidents that impact, or penetrate, the
base’s security fence have the potential to
compromise the safety of NPS personnel, students,
faculty and staff.
A standard W-beam type Midwest Guardrail System
is installed along approximately 350 yards of
roadway bordering NSA Monterey. This guardrail is
the only significant vehicular obstacle except for
trees and other vegetation along other portions of
the NSA Monterey boundary.
DoD and Navy guidance require triannual security
assessments, either through the Navy or joint
military vulnerability assessments. Identified
vulnerabilities are required to be further assessed
for probability and risk and mitigated if the risk
assessment determines that a vulnerability constitutes
a threat. Mitigation can be achieved with physical
barriers or other means.
ATTACHMENT 1
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PS-2
Opportunity exists to enhance
interagency emergency response
time and capability among POM,
Monterey County, and surrounding
communities.
The existing separation of emergency dispatch
centers and radio communications channels can
create delays and inefficiencies in emergency
response. Combined with integrated jurisdictions
and physically separated Army and Navy
installations separate channels of operational
communications may not be as effective as
unified dispatch and radio communications.
The Monterey County Emergency Communications
Department (MCECD) operates the largest Public
Safety Answering Point (PSAP), more commonly
known as 9-1-1, for emergencies and nonemergencies in the County. Calls to the MCECD PSAP are dispatched to one of the many law
enforcement, fire, or emergency medical service
(EMS) agencies, 24/7, 365 days a year. The
Presidio operates its own emergency dispatch
center independent of MCECD’s PSAP.
Army fire and emergency response are provided by
the POM Fire Department (POM Fire), with its fire
station operated from Building 4400 on OMC. The
POM Police Department operates nearby from
Building 4468.
Both of these federal agencies provide services to
OMC and POM facilities, as well as mutual aid to
NSA Monterey. POM Fire provides mutual aid to the
surrounding community under a mutual aid
agreement. In turn, the surrounding communities
provide automatic aid and also mutual aid for
emergency fire, EMS, and law enforcement
to OMC.
Interagency coordination and fire response are
routine and frequent between the POM Fire,
municipal, and county fire departments.
Additionally, interagency fire training occurs with
civilian fire departments utilizing fire response
training areas on OMC.
The Monterey County Fire Chiefs Association
(MCFCA) represents fire chiefs and chief officers
from fire agencies in Monterey County, including
POM Fire. The MCFCA’s routine interagency
training and coordination include command and
control, operations, and training. POM Fire
participates with MCFCA.
The City of Seaside Fire Department (SFD) has a
memorandum of agreement (MOA) with POM Fire,
automatically responds to incidents on OMC, and
often shares responses with POM Fire.
The City of Seaside Police Department (SPD) has an
MOA covering jurisdiction and response with POM
Police, primarily for the OMC housing area. POM
Police responds to incidents within the privatized
military housing, while SPD responds to roadway
issues on OMC. Both departments will automatically
respond to an active shooter incident regardless of
jurisdiction. Both departments also routinely
coordinate the transfer of responses, traffic stops, or cases, depending on the situation and
jurisdictional agreement.
Additionally, the City of Seaside, under an IGSA
with POM, provides facility and roadway
maintenance for OMC. This includes providing
facility maintenance and backup power generators
to POM police and fire department buildings, its
emergency operations center, and communications
building.
The separate dispatch centers operated by Monterey
County and POM operate on different radio
communications channel frequencies, which can
complicate emergency dispatch and interagency
coordination during an emergency event.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 221, Packet Page 413 6-66 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment PS-3 Existing POM Police facility at OMC
may not be an optimal location.
The existing POM Police station is located on the
OMC near Campus Town in the City of Seaside.
This location is geographically separated from the
Presidio installation, which may reduce the
efficiency of police response to POM and creates
the perception that federal police can respond to
all incidents within the City of Seaside.
The POM Police Department is charged with
providing police services to both OMC and POM
installations. The physical separation between the
parent POM installation and its satellite facility is
approximately eight miles. Additionally, as
discussed in SA-2 above, OMC has a unique law
enforcement agreement with the City of Seaside.
While this jurisdictional agreement is balanced and
pragmatic, its execution on a daily basis may
confuse the public as to actual jurisdiction,
especially when incidents such as traffic stops or
accidents are passed between municipal and federal
police departments.
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Water Quality/Quantity
Water quality/quantity concerns include assurance
that adequate water supplies of good quality are
available in sufficient quantity for use by military
installations without compromising the needs of
surrounding communities. Water supply for
agriculture and industrial use is also considered.
At the federal level, the EPA is responsible for the
oversight of public water systems and enforcement
of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974. The EPA
has delegated primary enforcement responsibility
for public water systems in California to the State.
The United States Bureau of Reclamation manages,
develops, and protects water resources, including
raw water supplies, for the benefit of the public.
Region 10 of the Bureau of Reclamation covers the
California Great Basin where the Study Area is
located. Other federal land management agencies
are involved in helping to protect watersheds across
the country, including in the State of California.
Because of the importance of safe drinking water
and the challenges faced by the State of California
with sufficient water supplies, there are myriad
agencies and organizations involved with the
oversight and implementation of drinking water
programs in the state.
At the state level, there are several key organizations that help manage drinking water.
n California Department of Water Resources
(CDWR): The CDWR is under the California
Natural Resources Agency and manages water
resources, systems, and infrastructure across
the state. CDWR has primary responsibility for
managing State Water Project resources and
infrastructure, including the
California Aqueduct and the Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta, multiple dams, reservoirs, and
underground water storage facilities.
n California Environmental Protection
Agency (Cal-EPA): Within Cal-EPA, the
California State Water Resources Control Board
(State Water Board) works to ensure the quality
of drinking water. The State Water Board sets
statewide policy and supports regional boards.
There are nine regional water quality control
boards (RWQCB) that are responsible for
developing implementation plans and enforcing
standards that protect waters within
their jurisdiction.
n California Water Quality Monitoring
Council: This council is tasked with
coordinating efforts between Cal-EPA and the
California Natural Resources Agency to
improve water quality and ecosystem
management and to enhance the integration of
water monitoring data and the availability of
assessment information.
In addition, there are multiple other state agencies
with responsibilities that involve direct or indirect
activities related to the supply and quality of
potable water.
n State Water Resources Control Board and
Regional Water Quality Boards: In
California, the State Water Resources Control
Board and the nine regional boards manage
drinking water to protect beneficial water use.
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
provides this authority. The Central Coast
Regional Water Quality Control Board oversees
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 223, Packet Page 415 6-68 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment rulemaking and regulatory activities for Region
3, which includes Monterey and San Luis
Obispo Counties.
n Groundwater Sustainability Agencies
(GSA): Under the California Sustainable
Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), local
agencies are required to form Groundwater
Sustainability Agencies (GSA) to develop
Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSP) that
prevent the over-pumping of groundwater and
mitigate undesirable effects of pumping.
In addition to federal and state agencies, there are
multiple local agencies, organizations, and
corporations involved with the efforts to provide
drinking water of sufficient quantity and quality to
meet demand.
n The Monterey County Water Resources
Agency (MCWRA): This agency is responsible
for managing, protecting, and conserving water
for beneficial use within the county. It owns and
operates the Nacimiento Dam and Reservoir
and the San Antonio Dam and Reservoir. In
addition, MCWRA is, directly and indirectly,
involved with all aspects of water resource
management in the county, including surface
and groundwater.
n The Monterey Peninsula Water
Management District: MPWMD is a special
district tasked with sustainably managing and
allocating the water resources of the Monterey
Peninsula, as enacted in the California Water
Code in 1978. MPWMD responsibilities include
the following:
n Augment the water supply through the
integrated management of ground and
surface water
n Promote water conservation
n Promote water reuse and reclamation
n Foster Monterey Peninsula environmental
qualities
n The Marina Coast Water District: A special
district formed in 1960 to serve the City of
Marina, MCWD has owned and operated the
water system in the Ord Community since
2001. Its strategic plan includes the goal of
managing and delivering high-quality potable
and recycled water to the community.
Additionally, MCWD is a partner in Pure One
Monterey — a water recycling program — and
owns the majority of water rights and the
distribution pipeline. The MCWD is the
exclusive GSA within its jurisdictional
boundaries for the Monterey Subbasin and the
180/400 Subbasin.
Within the North County Study Area, there are
several drinking water service suppliers.
n California American Water Company: A
subsidiary of American Water, CalAm is the
largest investor-owned water/wastewater
corporation in the country. It is the primary
supplier of water in the MPWMD.
n Marina Coast Water District: This special
district provides water and wastewater services
within its service area, including the City of
Marina and OMC.
n Seaside Municipal Water System: This small
municipal water system provides water for the
City of Seaside.
Figure 6.16 shows the various water management
districts and water suppliers in the North County
Study Area, along with the jurisdictions and military
installations that are provided potable water.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Water Management Districts and Water Suppliers in the North County Study Area Defense
Manpower
Data Center
Presidio of
Monterey
Naval Support
Activity Monterey
Presidio of
Monterey
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Carmel-by-the-Sea
Del Rey Oaks
Marina
Monterey
Pacific Grove
Sand
City
Seaside
¬«1
¬«218
¬«68
Legend
Water District / Management Agency
California American Water Company
Marina Coast Water District
Monterey Peninsula Water Management District
Seaside Municipal Water System
Department of Defense Property
City Limits
State Route
Water
0 ½ 1
Miles
Source: California Natural Resource Agency,
USGS, City of Monterey,
County of Monterey
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 225, Packet Page 417 6-70 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Key Terms
Acre-foot. An acre-foot is the volume of water that
can be contained in one acre of surface area to a
depth of one foot. It is equal to approximately
325,851 gallons, or enough water for a family of
four for roughly one year.
Aquifer. An aquifer consists of a layer of porous
substrate that contains and flows groundwater.
Aquifers constitute areas where water can flow
directly between the surface and the saturated zone.
Groundwater. Groundwater is water that is held
underground in the soil or in pores and crevices
in rock.
Public-supply water use. Public-supply water use
is water withdrawn by public and private suppliers
to provide water to groups of users. Public suppliers
provide water for a variety of uses, such as
domestic, commercial, industrial, thermoelectric
power, and public water use.
Reclaimed/Recycled wastewater.
Reclaimed/Recycled wastewater includes treated
wastewater plant effluent that has been diverted for
current or future beneficial uses, such as
groundwater injection, irrigation, industry, or other
similar purposes.
Surface water. Surface water includes water that
flows continuously over land surfaces in a defined
channel or bed, such as streams and rivers;
standing water in basins, such as lakes, wetlands,
marshes, swamps, ponds, sinkholes, impoundments,
and reservoirs — either natural or man-made; and all
waters flowing over the land as runoff, or as runoff
confined to channels with intermittent flow.
Water credit. A water credit is a documented
record authorizing the reuse of a specific quantity of
water at a specific site. Water credits are typically
accrued when water use is temporarily discontinued.
Water use credit. A water use credit is a limited
entitlement to a specific quantity of water at a
specific site. A water use credit is generally limited
by time and other variables.
Water year. The period from October 1 to
September 30 of the following year.
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WQQ-1
There is concern regarding the
limited availability of potable
water supplies in the North
County Study Area.
The ongoing drought in California, along with the
impacts associated with mandated changes to
sources of raw water for the North County Study
Area, severely limits the availability of potable
water. Local jurisdictions and military installations
are challenged to ensure an adequate water
supply to meet current demands. This constrains
future economic development and military
mission expansion.
The availability of safe drinking water is an ongoing
challenge for the State of California for multiple
reasons. Much of the state is in an arid/semi-arid
region where annual precipitation levels are
relatively low. The annual average rainfall is
approximately 20 inches in the City of Monterey and
approximately 13 inches in the City of Salinas;
however, annual rainfall can vary greatly depending
on weather patterns (e.g., El Niño and La Niña
weather patterns) and location, due to variable
topography across the wider region. In recent years,
due in large part to climate change, California has
been suffering from drought conditions. MPWMD
rainfall data for the 2018-2021 water years, with the
exception of 2019, show generally reduced rainfall
amounts at MPWMD’s three monitoring locations.
Table 6.11 shows the recent rainfall data from the
three sites.
In general, 2021 was one of the driest years in
history for the State of California, and predictions
for the 2022 are similarly bleak. Because much of
the raw water used for potable water supplies in the
Study Area comes from surface water supplies, such
as the Carmel River, reduced levels of annual
precipitation can dramatically impact water
availability.
Monterey Peninsula Water Management
District Rainfall Data, 2018-2021
Water
Year
Santa
Margarita
San
Clemente Los Padres
2018 10.85” 12.53” 13.87”
2019 18.34” 30.91” 40.00”
2020 15.70” 17.57” 22.03”
2021 6.60” 10.86” 14.49”
Source: MPWMD, 2021.
The largest manager of water resources in the Study
Area, MPWMD responsibilities include many
stakeholder jurisdictions and military installations
located in the North County Study Area. This
includes the Cities of Del Rey Oaks, Monterey,
Pacific Grove, portions of the City of Seaside, as
well as portions of unincorporated Monterey County.
Both the POM and NSA Monterey are within the
MPWMD, as well. The MPWMD does not deliver
potable water directly to users. The CalAm is the
primary water supplier within the district.
A significant impact to the availability of potable
water in the Study Area is the result of mandated
reductions in the quantity of water pulled from the
Carmel River. Historically, the MPWMD and water
supplier CalAm, have depended primarily on
surface water from the Carmel River and
groundwater from the Seaside Basin to ensure and
provide adequate quantities of water to their
customers. In 1995, the State Water Board directed
a significant reduction in the pumping of surface
waters from the Carmel River. It was determined that
CalAm was exceeding its water rights by
ATTACHMENT 1
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2009, The State Water Board issued a cease-anddesist order preventing MPWMD and CalAm from allowing new water service connections or
increasing usage by existing water connections. In
2016, the State Water Board directed that by the
end of 2021, CalAm must limit pumping from the
Carmel River to 3,376 ac-ft. This is a reduction of
approximately 75% of the water pumped from the
river for potable water use. In addition, the
adjudication of the Seaside Groundwater (GW)
Basin in 2007 has established CalAm’s allocation at
1,474 ac-ft, which is less than what the utility has
historically pumped from the aquifer (MPWMD had
historically allocated 4,000 ac-ft to CalAm). These
changes in water availability have required the
MPWMD and CalAm to identify new sources of
water to meet the current and future demand in
the region.
As of 2020, the MPWMD identified two scenarios in
its report, Supply and Demand for Water on the
Monterey Peninsula, one with additional desalination
capacity and the second without desalination
capacity, as shown in Table 6.12. This report states
both supply scenarios can meet 30-year regional
requirements for water, as projected by AMBAG.
MPWMD Water Supply Scenarios in
AC-FT
Source Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Desalination 6,252 ac-ft 0 ac-ft
Recycled Wastewater 3,500 ac-ft 5,750 ac-ft
Carmel River 3,376 ac-ft 3,376 ac-ft
Seaside GW Basin 774 ac-ft 774 ac-ft
Aquifer Storage 1,300 ac-ft 1,300 ac-ft
Sand City Desalination 94 ac-ft 94 ac-ft
Total 15,296 ac-ft 11,294 ac-ft
Source: Supply and Demand for Water on the Monterey
Peninsula, Monterey Peninsula Water Management
District,2020.
The Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project is an
ongoing effort to increase the availability of water
sources in the region. There are three major
components to the plan.
n Desalination, which would use subsurface slant
intake wells to pump ocean water to a treatment
facility. Treated water would be piped to
storage and pumping facilities to meet ongoing
demand. The slant wells would draw seawater
and brackish groundwater from the Dune Sand
and 180-foot Aquifers, both of which are part of
the larger Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin.
n Pure Water Monterey, which treats recycled
wastewater using advanced purifying
techniques and injects the treated water into the
Seaside GW Basin.
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n Aquifer Storage and Recovery, which is
designed to capture excess water flow in the
Carmel River and store it in the Seaside GW
Basin for use during dry periods.
If all components of the project come to fruition,
there would be more than 17,000 ac-ft of potable
water available to the region. Currently, the
development of additional desalination capacity in
the North County Study Area has been delayed due
to environmental concerns, differing assessments of
the actual future demands for potable water in the
region, and higher costs associated with desalinated
water. CalAm has wanted to increase the
desalination capacity to meet projected future
demand. The MPWMD has stated its belief that
additional recycled wastewater, referred to as the
Pure Water Monterey Project due to be expanded
by 2024, can meet the required potable water
future demand.
Per the MPWMD 2020 data, the actual demand for
potable water has averaged 10,863 ac-ft over the
past ten years, 9,825 ac-ft over the last 5 years, and
9,817 ac-ft over the past 3 years. These numbers
indicate a reduction in demand from historical
averages, due primarily to conservation efforts,
reduction in water losses, and consumer education.
The MPWMD 2020 estimate for future potable water
demand is based upon a series of assumptions and
estimates related to current usage, conservation
efforts, development constraints, and other related
factors. The MPWMD used the AMBAG estimates
for projected growth. The MPWMD estimates a
“high demand” of approximately 12,287 ac-ft and a
“low demand” of approximately 10,884 ac-ft.
The MCWD obtains its raw water from the Salinas
Valley Groundwater Basin. The district owns six
wells and pumps water from the basin, treats it, and
distributes it to its customers. The service area is the City of Marina and the Ord Community. The MCWD
pumps approximately 3,200 ac-ft from the basin,
less than 1% of the total annual withdrawal. The
MCWD is also a partner in the Pure Water Monterey
Project designed to provide advanced treatment to
wastewater and recycle it for beneficial use. The
district also has a desalination plant that can provide up to 300,000 gallons of water per day; however, it
is currently not in operation. Water demand in the
MCWD over the past 10 years has ranged from a
low of 2,724 ac-ft in 2016 to a high of 4,069 ac-ft in
2012. In 2020, water use was 3,098 ac-ft. The
district has implemented an aggressive water
conservation program to reduce demand.
The Seaside Municipal Water System owns and
operates one groundwater well along with a storage
and distribution system to serve its customer base,
which is the majority of the City of Seaside. CalAm
and the MCWD also provide water to small portions
of the City of Seaside.
Because of the challenges with water availability in
the Study Area and limitations on new water
connections, new development is constrained. In
some cases, new connections to the portable water
supply are only allowed via water credits (see
Compatibility Issue WQQ-2). The region does not
receive water from the State Water Project, resulting
in the need to develop and sustain regional and
local water sources. With the large reductions in the
allowable pumping of water from the Carmel River
and the requirement to sustainably manage
groundwater sources, the use of alternative sources
of water supply (e.g., reclaimed/recycled water,
desalinated water) and water conservation efforts are
the only viable alternatives to improve the outlook
for the region’s future water supply. In addition,
there are multiple agencies and organizations
involved with water management and supply in the
area, resulting in different approaches to solving
potential supply and demand issues.
Without an adequate, long-term source of potable
water, economic and housing development in the
Study Area may likely continue to be impacted.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 229, Packet Page 421 6-74 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Local jurisdictions will continue to have limited
ability to approve developments and issue
construction permits for uses that require potable
water. In addition, military installations in the North County Study Area may have impacts on their
current missions without the ability to ensure potable
water for their operational activities. The potential
for expanded missions or new missions coming to
the installations will be severely constrained without
the availability of adequate supplies of
potable water.
WQQ-2
The requirement for water use
credits impacts future economic
development and military
operations in the North County
Study Area
In an effort to ensure current water supplies can
meet current and near-future demands, the
Monterey Peninsula Water Management District
and affected jurisdictions have implemented
regulations that require the availability of water
use credits for new/modified water usage. This
requirement is impacting economic development
and military operations in the region.
As the State of California continues to struggle to
ensure adequate sources of water to meet
requirements, agencies across the state are having
to take actions to ensure water resources can meet
the current demand and plan for future needs. The
Study Area in particular is having to deal with
challenges to meet the current and future demand
for potable water in the region. MPWMD is the
primary agency responsible for sustainably
managing water resources in the region to ensure
adequate supplies for users.
As discussed in Compatibility Issue WQQ-1, the
Monterey Peninsula’s traditional sources of surface
water and groundwater, the Carmel River and
Seaside Groundwater Basin, respectively, have been
severely reduced. This has created concerns that the
known sources of raw water may not be enough to
meet current/future potable water demands.
In an effort to ensure new development did not
outstrip available potable water supplies, the
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)
placed restrictions on new development in 2010
and prevents new connections to the public water
systems within the area managed by the MPWMD
and served by CalAm. More recently, the ability to
modify existing activities/operations or construct
new development remains severely constrained due
to concerns about the adequacy of existing potable
water supplies to meet increased demands. This
includes remodeling of homes/facilities, changes to
property use, and similar activities that would
increase the use of water at the site.
The MPWMD allocates water to jurisdictions within
its area of responsibility based on agreements
reached in the 1990s. Jurisdictions can also
establish allocations across different uses within their boundaries. The MPWMD requires a water permit
for new construction, including remodeling of
existing properties that is based on average water
use at each fixture (e.g., toilets, sinks, showers,
etc.). In most cases, construction on previously
vacant property is not allowed unless “available
water” can be identified, either within a jurisdiction
allocation or via a water use credit transfer.
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MPWMD-established regulations on the use of
potable water within the district apply to CalAm as
the water supplier and to jurisdictions, as well as
property owners within the jurisdictions. Included in
the MPWMD rules and regulations are:
n Rule 20, Permits Required, identifies permits
needed to connect or modify a connection to
the water system. Rule 20 mandates that any
connection or change to an existing connection
to a water system within the MPWMD, such as
the CalAm system, must obtain a permit, with
few exceptions allowed.
n Rule 25.5, Water Use Credits and On-site
Water Credits, addresses how water/water use
credits are identified and can be used. A water
use credit is based on the permanent
abandonment of prior water use or portion of
water use on that site. A water credit is based
on a non-permanent stoppage of water use on
that site.
n Rule 28, Permit and Water Use Credit Transfers,
addresses how existing permits and water use
credits can be transferred. This includes
property-to-property transfers and property-tojurisdiction transfers.
Rule 25.5 states that water use credits expire after
10 years, with the exception of credits issued to
DoD facilities, which expire after 20 years. For the
most part, a water use credit allows future use of
water on the same site. The rule does allow a water
use credit for a DoD site to be used on that site or at another DoD site if all parties involved agree. In
theory, this means a water use credit at POM could
be used at NSA Monterey and vice versa. These
provisions provide additional flexibility for DoD
installations within the district based on a
recognition of the unique needs of the military.
There are several different ways in which water use
credits can be generated, including the following:
n Demolition of building or site with lawful
water use
n Permanent disconnection of lawful water use
from distribution system
n Removal of lawful fixtures that use water
in residences
n Permanent installation of fixtures that use less
water than those mandated by district rules
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 231, Packet Page 423 6-76 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment It’s important to note that the definition of a site, per Rule 11, is any parcel of land identified in the
official subdivision map and also lands that are:
n Contiguous parcels with the same owner
n A higher education site, public school site, or
jurisdiction site
n A DoD site
Rule 28 states that a water permit is site-specific and cannot be transferred from one location to another.
Water use credits generated at commercial or
industrial sites may be transferred from one property
to another or to a jurisdiction’s allocation.
Residential and open space water use credits are
site-specific and typically cannot be transferred to
another location. Water use credits may only be
transferred within the same jurisdiction and within
the same water supplier’s distribution system. In
addition, the transfer of property-to-property water
use credits cannot be for new connections — only
for increases in existing usage.
While all water agencies/companies and
jurisdictions and military installations within the
North County Study Area are challenged with
limitations on water availability and resulting impacts on new development and military mission
expansion, the area served by the MPWMD and
CalAm has been particularly hard hit due to the loss
of historic water sources. Both elected officials and
installation leadership have voiced concerns
regarding the impacts of limited water availability
and the need for water use credits to increase
existing site water usage or for new development
that requires water.
The MPWMD regulations regarding water permits,
water use credits, and associated transfers are an
effort to comply with the mandated limitations on
new water connections while providing some
minimal level of flexibility for jurisdictions, military installations, and individual water users. The water
use credit/transfer regulations are intended to avoid
any situations where changes in the current water
supply/demand situation result in unauthorized use
of water resources or the inability to meet current
baseline requirements. Having said that,
communications during this study indicate the
regulations may not be meeting the current needs of
the impacted stakeholders.
Until the MPWMD and CalAm identify, agree on,
and implement new sources of water to replace the
Carmel River and Seaside Groundwater Basin
sources, new development/missions and changes to
existing activities/operations that would increase
demand for potable water within the area will likely
continue to be impacted.
ATTACHMENT 1
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WQQ-3
There are concerns regarding the
groundwater contamination
cleanup at the former Fort Ord
site.
Groundwater and soil contamination cleanup has
been underway at the former Fort Ord site as a
Superfund Site since 1990. More recently,
per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
contaminants have been identified in the
groundwater at the site.
In 1990, as a result of extensive contamination
identified at Fort Ord, the facility was placed on the
EPA Superfund National Priorities List to ensure the
necessary resources were made for a full
investigation of contamination, followed by an
appropriate remediation action for all locations
across the base. There are a number of primary
contaminants at the site:
n Trichloroethene (TCE)
n Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)
n Other volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
n Lead
n Beryllium
n Other metals
n Pesticides
n Unexploded ordnance (UXO)
n Other munitions and explosives of concern
(MEC)
In 1990, a Federal Facilities with Agreement (FFA)
was signed by the U.S. EPA, the U.S. Army, the
California Department of Toxic Substances Control
(DTSC), and the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board Central Coast Region. The Fort Ord
FFA lays out the framework for cleanup of the
contamination at the installation. Although Ford Ord
closed in 1994, the U.S. Army remains the lead
agency responsible for the cleanup.
In 2021, all signatories of the FFA agreed to a
partial NPL deletion of the former Fort Ord site.
Approximately 12,000 acres of the 28,000 acres
site were deleted having implemented the necessary
response actions. Cleanup continues across the site,
even at those locations that were deleted from the
NPL. Measures are in place to reduce the risk of
exposure and will continue as long as contaminants
remain above levels required for unrestricted
use/unlimited exposure. No known contaminated
groundwater sources are used for drinking water
supplies. The groundwater contaminants at the
former Fort Ord have been found in the A-aquifer
which is the shallowest (60-100 feet) and the Upper
180-foot aquifer. These aquifers are not used for
drinking water supplies. The Lower 180-foot aquifer
has contamination detected far below drinking levels
standards and the 400-foot aquifer has had no
detected contamination. Both aquifers are sources of
drinking water.
Although much progress has been made in cleaning
up the former Fort Ord site, more cleanup is
required for the foreseeable future:
n Three groundwater contamination treatment
systems remain in operation
n Landfill remediation continues
n Munitions cleanup is expected to continue for
up to 10 more years at the impact area
In 2017, the U.S. Army initiated a technical
investigation to determine if PFAS contamination
was present at the former Fort Ord site. Chemicals
such as Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) were historically
used in aqueous firefighting foam (AFFF) at most
military installations. Although research continues
into the hazards associated with PFAS, there is
research that indicates risks include the following:
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 233, Packet Page 425 6-78 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment n Potential for increased risk of health impacts
such as to liver, kidney, and thyroid functions
and cancer
n Buildup in humans and wildlife systems
n Persistent contamination due to a lack of
chemical deterioration
There is no national drinking water standard with
regards to PFAS exposure Currently, the EPA and
DoD have established health advisory levels and
screening levels for drinking water with regards
to PFAS.
The results of the initial study for the former Fort
Ord indicate that the amount of PFAS-containing
materials such as AFFF, used at Fort Ord may be
less than levels at other military locations. All
locations on the site were assessed and evaluated
for the potential of historic PFAS releases. At
Operable Unit 2, which consists of old landfills,
PFOA and PFOS were detected at varying levels in
several groundwater monitoring wells. The technical
report recommended follow on actions at six
locations to further assess and determine the
potential for PFAS contamination:
n Airfield fire drill area
n Operable Unit 2 landfill sites
n Site 10 burn pit/fire training area
n Site 34 airfield hangars
n Site 36 airfield sewage treatment plan
n Site 40A east helicopter defueling area
Because of recent developments related to the
recognition that PFAS may pose health and
environmental hazards and the uncertainty around
acceptable exposure limits, it is important that the
Army follow up on all former Fort Ord sites that may
have had past AFFF or other substance releases that
contain PFAS. Where levels of PFAS are found to
exceed EPA health advisory levels or DoD screening
levels, actions should be taken to prevent exposure
and minimize risks to the public and the
environment.
Additional information on reported levels of PFAS
can be found at
https://www.amwater.com/corp/water-qualitywastewater-service/water-quality-reports.
The Water Quality Report (WQR)/Consumer
Confidence Report (CCR) is provided annually. In
addition, public water systems with more than
10,000 service connections that detect contaminants
above their public health goals must prepare
contaminant exceedance reports and hold public
hearings every three years as required by the Health
and Safety Code §116470 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 22, Article 20. Health and Safety
Code §116470(b). The most recent WQR/CCR for
Monterey was prepared in 2021.
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6.3 South County Study
Area Compatibility
Findings
Communication/Coordination
Communication/Coordination (COM) refers to
programs, plans, and partnerships that promote
interagency communication and coordination, as
well as the dissemination of information to the
public and other stakeholders. Interagency
communication serves the general welfare by
promoting a comprehensive planning process
inclusive of all stakeholders. Interagency
coordination also supports the development and
inclusion of mutually beneficial policies for local
communities and the military in local planning
documents, such as comprehensive plans. Providing
relevant and timely information to the public keeps
interested parties informed of activities and instills
confidence and support.
Key Terms
Memorandum of Agreement/Understanding.
A memorandum of agreement (MOA) or
understanding (MOU) is an agreement between
parties to cooperatively work together on an agreedupon project or meet an agreed-upon objective.
Army Community Partnership Program.
Army partnerships are a vital tool for accomplishing
key Army goals. Public-public partnerships
encourage innovation and collaboration between
partners. Additionally, partnerships identify cost
efficiencies, reduce installation service response
times, and improve communications, which promote
Army readiness, modernization, and reform.
COM-1
There is limited established or
routine communication between
military installations and
surrounding communities.
While there is generally good communication and
coordination between military installations and
neighboring community governments, not all
processes are formalized. This could lead to
inconsistent planning and coordination when
there are changes in staff at military installations
or local governments.
The cities, counties, and military installations in the South County Study Area use informal means of
communication to coordinate and share information
about activities based on individual staff knowledge,
experience, and professional networks. This type of
communication has yielded effective collaboration
methods between military installations and the
surrounding jurisdictions. For example, through
collaborative methods, King City led an effort to
plan a multimodal transit center with a platform near
FHL to provide military personnel and visitors with a
transit connection to the Fort. This also provides a
method for the movement of equipment to and from
Fort Hunter Liggett. King City coordinated with FHL
early in the planning process. Building on this
informal partnership, King City and Paso Robles
developed a draft MOU that would be entered into
by both cities, FHL and Camp Roberts, for the
purpose of strengthening the relationships between
the cities and the military installations. As of the
summer of 2022, the MOU is being reviewed by
Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 235, Packet Page 427 6-80 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment This type of formalized communication should be
modeled for communications between military
installations and counties. Establishing formal
communication practices could allow stakeholders to
continue productive collaboration regarding military
activities and needs regardless of position or
personal relationship and would ensure greater
consistency in communication and collaboration.
The lack of established communication protocols
between the counties and military installations can
have numerous negative impacts, including
overlooked or neglected development application
reviews that could lead to incompatible land
development or encroachments on FHL or Camp
Roberts.
Additionally, there can be inconsistencies in when
each of the military installations should be consulted
regarding the potential for compatibility issues.
Likewise, local government and the public should be
notified when events or other unusual base activities
occur and when these activities may impact
residents in terms of noise and vibration nuisance,
traffic congestion, public health, or viewshed
considerations. Public notification can be facilitated
through the establishment and application of
formalized communication protocols.
COM-2
There is no standing forum for
coordination between military
installations and surrounding
communities.
There is currently no standing, regular forum that
is dedicated to coordination between military
installations and the surrounding communities.
Presently, there is no standing forum dedicated
exclusively to local and regional planning
coordination and communication between the
military installations in the South County Study Area
and surrounding communities. Although there are
high-level venues such as the Monterey Bay Defense
Alliance and United States Congressional
representative roundtable on regional defense
issues, having an established forum for planning
partnerships would provide a collaborative venue
for the military leadership to provide information to
community leaders, and in turn, for community
leadership to provide information to the military,
including long-range planning discussions on land
development and capital projects in the region.
Such a venue would also promote a greater
understanding of the needs of the military, in
general, and of its installations, in particular.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Cultural Resources
Cultural resources are objects, places, and practices
that are especially representative of, and/or
meaningful to, a specific group of people, their
worldview, belief system, or way of life. Cultural
resources include prehistoric and historic-period
artifacts, archaeological sites, buildings, structures, districts, and landscapes, as well as historic-period
records and photographs. ‘Historic properties’ are
cultural resources that are listed or eligible to be
listed on the National Register of Historic Places and
are protected under the National Historic
Preservation Act (NHPA) and other federal and
state laws.
CR-1 Concern with differing Tribal
consultation requirements.
Federal and state requirements for consulting with
American Indian tribes can be different
depending on the government agencies and
public organizations involved. This can impact
how cultural resources are managed in the
Study Area.
The NHPA and its implementing regulations require
federal agencies, including the U.S. Army and U.S.
National Guard, to consult with federally recognized
American Indian tribes regarding actions that may
impact historic properties of religious or cultural
significance. The requirement and importance of
government-to-government consultation is further
reinforced in Executive Order 13175, Consultation
and Coordination with Tribal Governments. While
different federal agencies may follow slightly
different steps in carrying out consultation
requirements, the procedures are all based on the
same federal laws and regulations. American tribes
that have a demonstrated interest in the
action/impacts and are not federally recognized,
may be invited as “additional consulting parties” by
a federal agency at their discretion.
California laws and regulations also require
coordination with tribes for certain actions. Actions
subject to the CEQA are mandated for public review
and comment as part of the process. The CEQA
process, as amended by Assembly Bill 52, requires
consultation with California Native American tribes,
when requested, at the earliest stages of the
process. Senate Bill 18 mandates local governments,
including cities and counties, must provide an
opportunity to consult with California Native
American Tribes prior to adopting or amending
general plans or specific plans that affect land
use policies.
Differences in federal and state laws pertaining to
consultation can create concerns regarding the
efficiency and effectiveness of and compliance with
consultation requirements. During the process of
developing the Monterey Regional CUS, there have
been discussions that a coordinated, regional
approach to consultation with appropriate tribes may
facilitate South County Study Area stakeholder
compliance with applicable laws and regulations
and thereby enhance tribal involvement in actions
with the potential to impact historic properties.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 237, Packet Page 429 6-82 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Energy Development
The development of energy sources, including
alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, or
geothermal sources, could pose compatibility issues
related to glare (solar energy), vertical obstruction
(wind turbines and geothermal steam plumes), and
radar operations (wind generation). It is in the
military’s interests, as well as in communities’
interests, to support alternative energy development
for both energy security and economic reasons. The
emphasis of this analysis is to identify gaps in
coordination and/or communication regarding
energy development and to increase understanding
of communities’ pursuits, opportunities sought by
alternative energy developers, and the intersection
of these endeavors with military missions, in order to
improve communication and coordination efforts
that ensure mutually compatible development. By
identifying potential sources of conflict if
uncoordinated or pursued unilaterally by individual
communities, private development, or the military,
this process serves to highlight the existence of
potential conflict and address technological
approaches or processes and communication and
coordination approaches to prevent any entity from
encroaching upon the other.
ED-1
There is a potential for alternative
energy development in surrounding
communities to impact aviation and
electromagnetic operations at Camp
Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett.
Certain types of solar facilities have reflective
materials that can create glint and glare and
impact aviation and electromagnetic operations. If
large solar developments in the community are
not coordinated properly to identify potential
impacts on Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter
Liggett, incompatible types of solar facilities may
be constructed.
Certain types of solar facilities have reflective
materials that can create glint and glare, which,
along with Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), can
impact aviation operations. If large solar
development in the community is not coordinated
properly to identify potential impacts on Camp
Roberts or FHL operations, incompatible types of
solar facilities may be constructed.
In areas across the country, including California,
solar energy development is a practical energy
generator and an alternative to non-renewable fossil
fuels. Additionally, federal, state, and local
requirements mandating the use of more renewable
energy sources are becoming the norm, resulting in
efforts by utility providers and users of electrical
power to implement alternative energy projects.
Numerous independent studies indicate that
photovoltaic solar systems reflect less than 2% to 3%
of incoming light and that the potential for
hazardous glare, or flash blindness, is similar to, or
less than, the potential for hazardous glare from
light reflected off of smooth water surfaces. In its
2021 Review of Solar Energy System Projects on
Federally Obligated Airports, which supersedes the
2013 FAA interim policy provided two
relevant facts:
ATTACHMENT 1
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n FAA has subsequently concluded that in most
cases, the glint and glare from solar energy
systems to pilots on final approach is similar to
glint and glare pilots routinely experience from
water bodies, glass-facade buildings, parking
lots, and similar features.
n FAA has learned that glint and glare from solar
energy systems could result in an ocular impact
to airport traffic control tower personnel
working in the tower and compromise the
safety of the air transportation system.
The FAA has indicated that electromagnetic
interference (EMI) from PV systems is low due to the
level of frequencies that PV systems produce.21
Despite the low risk, it is still recommended that the
following specifications be applied during the siting
of solar facilities:
n PV system inverters should be sited at least 150
feet away from navigational and
communications equipment that may be
sensitive to EMI.
n A minimum setback distance of 250 feet should
be imposed between an airfield’s radar system
and the leading edge of a PV array or any of its
ancillary support equipment.
22 At present, there are four solar facilities in the South County Study Area. A summary of these facilities is
provided in Table 6.13. Additionally, there is a
proposed photovoltaic solar power facility,
generating 280-MW, that would be constructed on a
21 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Electro-Magnetic Interference from Solar Photovoltaic Arrays,
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/67440.pdf
3,000 acre-site in Monterey County, 25 miles
northeast of Paso Robles.
Solar Facilities in the South County Study
Areawithin San Luis Obispo County
Source: U.S. Energy Mapping System, U.S. Energy
Information Administration, accessed February 9, 2022.
22 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Electro-Magnetic Interference from Solar Photovoltaic Arrays,
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/67440.pdf Location
Plant Name Utility
Name Technology Capacity
Atascadero
Atascadero
State
Hospital
Ecoplexus,
Inc.
Solar
Photovoltaic 1.1 MW
Templeton
Vintner Solar
Ecos
Energy,
LLC
Solar
Photovoltaic 1.5 MW
Paso Robles
Firestone
Walker
Brewery -
Phase 1
SkyHigh 2
Solar
Solar
Photovoltaic 1.6 MW
Meridian
Vineyards
Clean
Capital
Solar
Photovoltaic 1.1 MW
ATTACHMENT 1
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$+
$+
$+
Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso de
Robles (Paso
Robles)
£¤101
¬«41
¬«46
¬«58
¬«1
¬«229
Green Valley
41 Calf Canyon
Atascadero
Morro
Webster
Creston Eureka
Vine Traffic
Templeton
El Pomar
Slacks Canyon
Hare Canyon
Lockwood Jolon
Old Creek
Adelaida
River
Union
El Camino Real
Vineyard
Creston
Estrella
Santa Rosa Creek
Vineyard Canyon
Nacimiento Lake Sargents
Ind ai n Valley
Jolon
Interlake
Legend
$+Solar Farm
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
El Paso de Robles (Paso
Robles)
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
State Route
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
Source: U.S. Energy Mapping System, U.S.
Energy Information Administration, accessed
February 9, 2022.
ATTACHMENT 1
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Frequency Spectrum Capacity
Frequency spectrum capacity refers to the entire
range of electromagnetic frequencies used for
communications and other transmissions, which
includes communication channels for radio, cellular
phones, and television. In a defined area, the
frequency spectrum is limited, and the increasing
demand for frequency bandwidth from commercial
applications such as cellular phones, computer
networks, Global Positioning System (GPS) units,
and mobile radios competes with the military’s need
for sufficient bandwidth to maintain existing and
future mission-essential communications capacity.
Key Terms
High-band spectrum. Frequencies above 24 GHz
that provide high capacity/high speed over
shorter distances.
Mid-band spectrum. The portion of the spectrum
between 3 GHz and 24 GHz with some
characteristics of both low and high frequencies.
Low-band spectrum. Frequencies under 3 GHz
that are able to travel over long distances with
minimal signal interruptions.
Frequency spectrum. The entire range of
electromagnetic frequencies (3 Hz–300 EHz) used
for communications and other transmissions, which
includes communication channels used for radio,
cellular phones, and television.
Wireless communication frequency spectrum.
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, 20
KHz–300 GHz, used for wireless communications.
Technical Background
The Department of Defense’s use of the frequency
spectrum supports safe operations and the effective
delivery of combat capabilities. The DoD’s
frequency spectrum needs for testing, evaluation,
and training is constantly increasing, while the
23 How Spectrum is Used – NTIA.gov
spectrum available for DoD use is decreasing. The
Commerce Department's National
Telecommunications and Information
Administration23 explains that:
“…The Department of Defense (DOD)
uses a significant portion of the federal
government spectrum for national
security purposes…”
"Almost every agency of the Federal
Government uses the spectrum in
performing mandated missions…"
"…The DOD uses the spectrum extensively
for tactical and nontactical uses. In the
United States, tactical uses are generally
limited to several specific testing sites and
training areas and facilities. However,
DOD's nontactical applications are
extensive and include aircraft command
and control, mobile communication at
military bases and airfields, and longdistance communications using satellites…" The military relies on a range of frequencies for
communications and support systems. Since 1993,
Congress has been selling federal spectrum bands
for re-allocation to the private sector, promoting the
development of new telecommunications
technologies, products and services. The expanding
public and commercial use of the frequency
spectrum from wireless transmitters to consumer
electronics can encroach on the military’s use of the
frequency spectrum. Increasing community and DoD
demands for this important resource can create
conflicts for all users.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 241, Packet Page 433 6-86 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment FSC-1 Frequency encroachment potential
at Camp Roberts.
There is potential for electronic encroachment
from surrounding communities to impact the
military operations at Camp Roberts.
This finding is provided as an awareness issue, as
no current frequency spectrum competition is
documented. However, the demand for radio
spectrum frequencies has intensified in recent years,
particularly in bands that are optimal for mobile
systems (approximately 200MHz–4GHz). This factor
has had an impact on the perceived and actual value
of the spectrum. In many cases, recent frequency
spectrum allocation and re-allocation have heavily
favored the private sector in support of economic
development. It is this re-allocation of the bandwidth
to the commercial industry that potentially threatens
the DoD-allocated capacity to conduct secure
communications missions.
In 2008, the United States issued a Federal Strategic
Spectrum Plan designed to improve the
management of frequency spectrum at the federal
agency level. The Plan’s goals are to foster
economic growth, ensure national and homeland
security, maintain U.S. global leadership in
communications technology and services, and satisfy
other vital U.S. needs in areas such as public safety,
scientific research, federal transportation
infrastructure, and law enforcement.
The DoD uses the frequency spectrum extensively
for tactical uses and non-tactical uses. In the U.S.,
tactical uses are generally limited to a number of
specific testing sites and training facilities. Camp
Roberts use of the frequency spectrum is extensive
and includes rotary wing aircraft command and
control, mobile communication across the
installation and training range areas, and longdistance communications using satellites.
Camp Roberts is the location for one of only five
U.S. Army Regional Hub Nodes in the world
providing global data and voice communication
services for deployed military units around
the world.
Civilian and commercial use of the available
frequency spectrum can be a concern to military
training operations at Camp Roberts. Increased uses
of mobile devices can threaten the availability of
bandwidth that Camp Roberts would need to
conduct mission activities. In addition, new
development in the area and large employment
centers can create additional demand, which will
increase the use of bandwidth by various
commercial entities. It is not clear that this increase in devices will have a major impact on current
operations at Camp Roberts, but it should be closely
monitored in the future.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 242, Packet Page 434 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-87 Compatibility Assessment
Housing Availability
Local housing availability addresses the supply of
and demand for housing in the region, the
competition for housing that may result from
changes in the number of military personnel
stationed at an installation, and the supply of military family housing provided by the DoD.
HA-1
There is a concern about regional
housing affordability throughout the
South County Study Area.
Regional rent and home prices continue to
increase in the South County Study Area.
Increasing housing rents and prices could present
challenges for military personnel and other
community members when looking for housing.
A common discussion point during stakeholder
involvement throughout the CUS was that the
regional housing prices continue to increase in the
Study Area.
Rising home prices could be a challenge for the
community in the South County Study Area,
including military personnel that are currently living
in the area, looking to relocate within the area, or
are relocating to the area from a different region or
state. While military personnel at FHL have the
option to live on base and personnel at both FHL
and Camp Roberts have Base Allowance for
Housing (BAH) rates to assist with living off base,
rising housing prices in the region will continue to
be a factor in overall affordability, which can
ultimately impact recruitment and retention for the
military in the South County Study Area.
Table 6.14 shows the housing trends for the cities
within this Study Area. As the table shows, the sale
prices have increased for all cities in the South
County Study Area between 2018 and 2022. in
2022, the median sale prices in the South County
Study Area are, on average, 6% greater than the list
price. These trends show a somewhat competitive
housing market, which has been compounded by
the COVID-19 pandemic that drastically impacted
the national housing market. It is anticipated that
housing prices will continue to rise in the South
County Study Area.
Housing Market Trends in the South
County Study Area
City
Median
List Price*
Median
Sold
Price*
% Increase
of Sales
Price from
2018-2022
King City $500,000 $529,500 73%
Paso Robles $710,000 $757,000 40%
*Based on current listings as of May 10, 2022
Source: Median listed home price, Realtor.com, website
accessed on May 10, 2022.
Personnel who live off base are provided with
housing compensation called a BAH. The BAH for
each military installation is based on geography, pay
grade, and the number of dependents. BAH rates
do not necessarily cover the entirety of housing
costs, but rather, military personnel are expected to
pay 5% out-of-pocket. Additionally, the BAH rates
are set to cover the average cost of housing in an
area, not all housing. While BAH should account for
local market conditions, it should continuously be
monitored to ensure that the BAH is adequate for
military personnel and their families. The BAH rates
for the areas around FHL and Camp Roberts are
listed in Table 6.15.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 243, Packet Page 435 6-88 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment BAH Rates for the South County
Study Area, 2022
Pay Grade With Dependents Without Dependents
E1-E4 $1,308 $1,014
E5 $1,338 $1,182
E6 $1,863 $1,398
E7 $2,919 $2,244
E8 $3,099 $2,487
E9 $3,339 $2,583
W1 $2,772 $2,187
W2 $2,994 $2,484
W3 $3,213 $2,592
W4 $3,387 $2,790
W5 $3,591 $2,958
O1E $2,955 $2,412
O2E $3,180 $2,562
O3E $3,414 $2,748
O1 $2,457 $2,061
O2 $2,751 $2,358
O3 $3,204 $2,628
O4 $3,663 $2,928
O5 $3,987 $3,030
O6 $4,020 $3,198
O7 $4,053 $3,243
Source: https://veteran.com/bah-rates-state/california/ In comparison with the BAH rates within the
community, Table 6.16 lists the household income of
both owner-occupied households and renteroccupied households. The table breaks down the annual income by month. The amount that
households are likely to spend on rent or mortgage
payments per month typically does not exceed 30%
of income. This is used to compare typical monthly
housing costs with the BAH rates that military
personnel receive. As the table shows, the housing
costs that can be afforded by owner-occupied
households typically align with the E6 with
dependents BAH rate; however, the housing costs
that can be afforded by renter-occupied households
in Paso Robles fall below these BAH with dependent
rates and generally align with the E5 with
dependent rates.
Median Household Income and
Affordable Monthly Housing Costs in
the South County Study Area, 2020
Jurisdictions
Median Household Income
Units
(owner/renter
occupied) Annual Monthly
30% of
monthly
income
King City
All $69,297 $5,775 $1,732
Owner $88,008 $7,334 $2,200
Renter $54,458 $4,538 $1,361
Paso Robles
All $50,174 $4,181 $1,254
Owner $72,159 $6,013 $1,804
Renter $42,297 $3,525 $1,057
Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, 2020.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 244, Packet Page 436 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-89 Compatibility Assessment
HA-2
There is a lack of housing
availability in the community
relative to military needs.
Camp Roberts has a lack of on-base housing,
which creates an issue of housing availability,
especially as Camp Roberts is located in a
remote location.
Military housing in the South County Study Area is
provided by the U.S. Army at Fort Hunter Liggett.
FHL has approximately 80 family housing units,
including two-, three-, and four-bedroom singlefamily units, townhomes, and duplexes. FHL also has 186 military billeting rooms and 36 open bay
rooms, which can accommodate a total of 1,440
personnel.24 There is no housing provided at Camp
Roberts. As such, many permanently stationed
personnel find housing in the surrounding
community.
As Table 6.17 shows, there were more owneroccupied housing units than renter-occupied ones in 2020. There are also 139 vacant housing units for
rent and 237 vacant housing units for sale in the
American Community Survey 5-year estimates
2020 data.
Housing Tenure in the South County
Study Area, 2020
Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,
2020.
24 https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/military-installation/forthunterWhile these vacant housing units could be included in the housing market in the South County Study
Area, not all currently are. As of March 2022,
housing data through Realtor.com shows that there
were 233 housing units for sale and 10 housing
units for rent in the South County Study Area (Table
6.18). The total number of current units on the
market is always dynamic; nevertheless, there is
consistently a need for housing availability in the
South County Study Area for military personnel and
students. Most housing units listed on realtor.com
are for sale and all available rental units are in Paso Robles.
Current Listings in the South County
Study Area Cities, 2022
*Based on current listings as of May 10, 2022.
Source: Realtor.com listings, website accessed on May 10, 2022; American Community Service 5-year Estimates, 2019. liggett/housing/housing#:~:text=Fort%20Hunter%20Liggett%20has%2 084,daily%20depending%20upon%20inbound%20personnel.
City
Vacant Housing
Units Occupied Housing Units
For
Rent
For
Sale
Renter
Occupied
Owner
Occupied
King City 34 37 1,963 1,284
Paso
Robles 105 200 4,916 7,191
Total 139 237 6879 8475
City
# of Current Listings*
Rentals Sales
King City 0 27
Paso Robles 10 206
Total 10 233
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 245, Packet Page 437 6-90 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment It is projected that the number of housing units will
increase in the future, as shown in Table 6.19. It is
anticipated that there will be an additional 8,000
housing units within the South County Study Area
between 2020 and 2045. Almost 25% of this
growth will occur in Paso Robles where there are
active housing projects that will increase the number
of housing units in the city.
Housing Forecasts in the South County
Study Area
Source: 2050 Regional Growth Forecast for San Luis Obispo County, *AMBAG 2022 Regional Growth Forecast.
Jurisdiction 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
%
Growth
#
Change
King City* 3,432 3,672 4,002 4,282 4,356 4,403 28% 971
Paso Robles 12,343 12,949 13,452 13,843 14,071 14,215 15% 1,872 Unincorporated SLO 50,672 52,449 53,814 54,929 55,486 55,888 10% 5,216 ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 246, Packet Page 438 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-91 Compatibility Assessment
Infrastructure Extensions
Infrastructure plays an important role in land use
compatibility. The extension of infrastructure can
enhance the operations of an installation and nearby
communities by providing enhanced capacity while
reducing or eliminating competition for limited
resources. Conversely, the extension of
infrastructure can create encroachment issues if
facilities are expanded without considering the
consequences of future development. The extension
or expansion of community infrastructure to areas
adjacent to an installation can induce growth that
may result in incompatible uses and conflicts
between a military mission and community activities
and needs. Within general planning efforts and
through appropriate consideration and guidance,
infrastructure extensions can serve as a mechanism
to guide development toward appropriate areas,
protect sensitive land uses, and improve
compatibility between community land uses and
military missions.
Key Terms
Intergovernmental Support Agreement.
IGSAs are public-public partnership agreements
between military installations and state or local
governments, including regional alliances, for the
provision, receipt, or sharing of installation support
services. Federal legislation enables state and local
governments to provide a wide range of services,
including the operation of federally
owned infrastructure.
IE-1
Intergovernmental Support
Agreement (IGSA) between the
community and military.
The City of King City is actively pursuing an IGSA
with FHL for the operation of the FHL wastewater
treatment facility and has informally partnered
with FHL to provide extended rail transportation
infrastructure that would enhance the training and
readiness capabilities of FHL.
Military installations and civilian communities are
often inextricably linked. Most of the military
personnel and their families live, shop, work, play,
and go to school in the local communities.
King City has been actively pursuing multimodal rail
infrastructure in coordination with FHL to expand rail
facilities in King City that would provide terminal rail services for transportation of military personnel and
equipment, in addition to expanding regional
commuter services. FHL was involved early in the
concept and design development phase and
submitted a letter in support of a state transportation grant request, which resulted in a $7.5-million-dollar
award to the community in 2022. King City is also
actively coordinating with AMTRAK and Caltrans in
support of this infrastructure extension. To date, this transportation partnership with FHL has not
been formalized.
Following the success of IGSA implementation by
the City of Monterey and other local governments in
the North County Study Area, King City is leading
the first formal partnership with FHL in the South
County Study Area to complete an IGSA to operate
its wastewater treatment facility. Other IGSA service
provisions that can support FHL are also being
explored.
IGSAs are here documented as a best practice in
community partnership for the extension of
infrastructure in a mutually compatible manner.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 247, Packet Page 439 6-92 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Land Use
Land use planning and regulation is the
government’s responsibility to protect the public’s
health, safety, and welfare. Local jurisdictions’
general plans and zoning ordinances can be the
most effective tools for preventing or resolving land
use compatibility issues. These tools ensure the
separation of land uses that differ significantly in
character. Land use separation also applies to
situations where the use of one property may
adversely impact the use of another. For instance,
industrial uses are often separated from residential
uses to avoid impacts from noise, odors,
and lighting.
Land use planning near military installations is
similarly used to evaluate land use compatibility. For
example, local jurisdictions evaluate noise when
considering the compatibility of residential
developments with nearby commercial or industrial
areas. As the land between local municipalities is
developed, or the land between a local municipality
and the perimeter of a military installation is
developed, both entities are affected. New
residents, tenants, or building owners are typically
not fully aware of the implications of locating near
an active military installation or training area.
LU-1
Growth in surrounding
communities could lead to land
use encroachment on the tank
trail from Camp Roberts to
Fort Hunter Liggett.
There is potential for future growth in surrounding
communities to encroach the Camp Roberts and
Fort Hunter Liggett installation boundaries and
tank trail that connects Camp Roberts and
Fort Hunter Liggett.
FHL and Camp Roberts are located in generally
rural areas within Monterey County and San Luis
Obispo County respectively. Both military
installations support various training efforts for the
Army and the California Army National Guard.
These two installations are connected by a federally
owned and maintained tank trail, spanning 25 miles.
The tank trail spans unincorporated areas of both
Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties as shown
on Figure 6.18.
Land ownership in this Study Area consists largely of
private land ownership, the U.S. Forest Service, and
the DoD.
Regional and local jurisdictions’ general plans and
zoning ordinances can be effective tools for
preventing or resolving land use compatibility
issues. These tools ensure the separation or
transition of existing and future land uses that differ significantly in character and intensity, including
land uses in relation to military installations, which
can also serve to protect the public’s health, safety,
and welfare. Land use separation can also alleviate
situations where the use of one property may
adversely impact the use of another.
It is important that current and planned land uses
around FHL and Camp Roberts are compatible to
prevent impacts on residents in nearby communities
and to ensure that the military mission is not
constrained by nearby development.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 248, Packet Page 440 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-93 Compatibility Assessment
Tank Trail and Future Land Use
Camp
Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
Bradley
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
San Ardo
Martinus
Corner
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
£¤101
Cross
Lockwood San Lucas
Lockwood Jolon
Nacimiento Lake
Sargents
Jolon
Interlake
Legend
Tank Road
500 ft Tank Road Buffer
Monterey County Future Land Use
Agriculture
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public/Quasi-Public
Resource Conservation
Mineral Extraction
Rivers and Water Bodies
San Luis Obispo County Future
Land Use
Agriculture
Rural Lands
Residential Rural
Residential Suburban
Residential Single Family
Residential Multi Family
Commercial Retail
Recreation
Public Facilities
Open Space
Lake
Department of Defense Installation
County Boundary
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
Major Road
Water
0 1 2
Miles Source: Matrix Design Group, 2022.
Monterey County, San Luis Obispo County.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 249, Packet Page 441 6-94 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment The Monterey County General Plan, South County
Area Plan includes a land use policy to reduce
residential encroachment on FHL and the tank trail.
While San Luis Obispo County includes information
related to Camp Roberts, there are no existing
policies specific to preventing encroachment on the
installation or the tank trail. Figure 6.18 shows the
future land uses planned around the tank trail. The
majority of the land uses planned for the
surrounding area are agriculture or resource
conservation areas; however, there are some
residential land uses planned along the
tank trail.
In addition to local land use policy and regulations,
there are state and federal laws and policies that
also help protect military installations from
encroachment. In California, there is a Senate Bill
that requires the State OPR to guide cities and
counties on the incorporation of military
compatibility into a general plan. The DoD also
established the REPI Program, which enables the
DoD to work with state and local governments, nongovernmental organizations, and willing landowners to limit encroachment and incompatible land use by
preserving undeveloped land. The ACUB Program
implements REPI by authorizing the DoD to establish
partnerships to establish buffer zones to protect
military assets.
Camp Roberts and FHL are part of the ACUB
Program. Camp Roberts has over 19,000 acres of
land that has either been purchased or included as
part of an easement through the ACUB Program.
There are an additional 8,000 acres that have been
identified as future ACUB properties surrounding
Camp Roberts, including potential properties along
the tank trail that connects to
Fort Hunter Liggett.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 250, Packet Page 442 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-95 Compatibility Assessment
Light and Glare
This compatibility factor refers to man-made lighting
(streetlights, airfield lighting, building lights) and
glare (direct or reflected light) that disrupts vision.
Light sources from commercial, industrial,
recreational, and residential uses can cause
excessive glare and illumination at night, impacting
the use of military night vision devices and aircraft
operations. Conversely, high-intensity lights in
military areas (such as airfield lighting) may have a
negative impact on adjacent communities.
LG-1
Potential for glint and glare from
development in the community to
impact operations at Camp Roberts.
Increased development in the surrounding
communities can lead to more materials that
create glint and glare. This can impact aviation
nighttime operations at Camp Roberts.
Light pollution, the upward and outward distribution
of light, either directly from fixtures, such as
uplighting without terminus on buildings, or from
reflection off the ground or other surfaces, can
interfere with military mission activities such as
nighttime training activities and can temporarily
impair a pilot’s vision, causing pilot confusion with
night vision instrumentation or equipment.
Unshielded lighting systems, lighting systems that
are not planned with minimizing sky glow, or excess
or wasteful light emission and Light Emitting Diode
(LED) billboards can contribute to an increased
amount of ambient light in the sky. This increase in
ambient light in the sky can degrade the natural
environment for nighttime military operations.
There are many factors that contribute to excess
nighttime light that can interfere with nighttime
training and night vision equipment. The types of
exterior lights used, their distance from the
installation, and the times at which they are left on
all play an important role in how much ambient light
impacts activity at the installation. The amount of
ambient light experienced on the ground is a
function of several variables:
n Intensity of nearby light sources
(up to 20 miles away)
n Distance from sources
n Spectra of the light sources
(blue light decays faster in the atmosphere)
n Density of the cloud deck
n Height of the cloud deck
n Relative humidity
Though the Army does not have recommended
lighting standards to reduce the impact of
community lighting on night training, shielded
downward-facing lighting that reduces sky glow and
improves the overall ambient light conditions are
considered effective measures. Local jurisdictions
can employ lighting regulations and dark skies
ordinances to reduce the upward impact of night
lighting and lighting intensity of LED billboards.
As shown on Figure 6.19, most of the ambient
lighting in the community in the region is within
Paso Robles, King City, and other communities
along U.S. Route 101.
The City of Paso Robles has some lighting standards
within its zoning code. These lighting standards are
related to signs within mixed-use overlay zoning
districts and require that high-intensity lights be
avoided on signage. There are no lighting
regulations related to protecting dark skies for the
military operations at Camp Roberts.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 251, Packet Page 443 6-96 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Light Pollution in the South County Study Area
Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
El Paso de Robles
(Paso Robles)
King City
£¤101
¬«198
¬«25
¬«46
¬«1
Vine
Creston
25 Vineyard Canyon
Vineyard
Hare Canyon
Lockwood Jolon
Adelaida
Oasis
River
Peach Tree
Lockwood San Lucas
Cattlemen
Nacimiento Lake
Jolon
Interlake
Sargents
nI d ai n Valley
Legend
Light Pollution
Radiance 10-9 W / cm2 * sr
< 0.25
0.25 - 0.40
0.41 - 1.00
1.01 - 3.00
3.01 - 6.00
6.01 - 20.0
20.1 - 40.0
> 40.0
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
Community
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles Source: Earth Observation Group, NOAA National
Geophysical Data Center, VIIRS, 2021.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 252, Packet Page 444 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-97 Compatibility Assessment
Similarly, King City has some lighting regulations
within the Zoning Code for some zoning districts, as
well as for signs. These regulations promote lighting
that is directed only to its intended use and of
limited intensity; however, it does not specify
lighting regulations for protecting military operations at Fort Hunter Liggett.
San Luis Obispo County also has lighting regulations
within its zoning code for zoning districts and
includes outdoor lighting regulations for site
planning. These regulations include light direction,
minimization of light intensity, light sources to be
shielded, the height of light fixtures, and street
lighting. The standards do not include minimization
of ambient light to protect the military missions at
FHL or Camp Roberts.
In addition to municipal ordinances, the
International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is an
organization dedicated to the education and
promotion of dark skies and dark sky preservation.
The IDA has worked with communities around the
world to develop methods for reducing light
pollution. IDA-approved light fixtures are typically
more expensive than less efficient fixtures during the
initial purchase, which is one reason people chose
not to install them; however, energy costs could be
recovered as early as one year after installation.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 253, Packet Page 445 6-98 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Noise
Sound that reaches unwanted levels is considered
noise. The central issue with noise is the impact, or
perceived impact, on people and animals (wild and
domestic), and general incompatibility with noisesensitive land uses such as residences, schools, and hospitals. Exposure to high noise levels can have a
significant impact on human activity, health, and
safety. The Decibel (dB) scale is used to quantify
sound intensity. To help understand the relevance of
decibels, a normal conversation often occurs at 60
dB, while an ambulance siren from 100 feet away is
about 100 dB. Noise associated with military
operations (overflight of military aircraft, firing of
weapons, etc.) may create noises in higher
dB ranges.
Key Terms
Ambient noise. The total noise associated with an
existing environment, which usually comprises
sounds from many sources, both near and far.
Attenuation. Reduction in the level of sound
resulting from absorption by the surrounding
topography, the atmosphere, distance from the
source, barriers, construction techniques and
materials, and other factors.
A-weighted decibel. The A-weighted Decibel
(dBA) is the most commonly weighted sound filter
used to measure perceived loudness versus actual
sound intensity. The human ear responds differently
to frequencies. For example, the human hearing
system perceives mid-frequency sounds as louder
than low and high-frequency sounds. To
accommodate this condition when measuring sound
levels, filters need to be installed into sound meters.
The results are a more accurate measurement of
sound for the human hearing system.
C-weighted Day-Night Average Sound Level.
The C-weighted Day-Night Average Sound Level
(CDNL) noise metric is used for demolition and
large caliber weapons to assess the low-frequency
energy produced from such activities. The CDNL is
an annual average noise dose from range
operations and is intended for long-term land
use planning.
Day-Night Average Sound Level. The Day-Night
Average Sound Level is an average sound exposure
over a 24-hour period. During the nighttime period
(10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.), averages are artificially
increased by 10 dB. This weighting reflects the
added intrusiveness and the greater disturbance
potential of nighttime noise events attributable to the fact that community background noise typically
decreases by 10 dB at night.
Noise contours. Noise contours are made by
connecting points of equal noise exposure to form
an enclosed area in which the sound level is
generally the same. The Chief of Navy Operations
Instruction 11010.36C defines noise zones based on
noise contours.
Noise-sensitive uses. Noise-sensitive uses are
locations and land uses typically more sensitive to
noise, including residential areas, hospitals,
convalescent homes and facilities, schools, libraries,
churches, recreational areas, and other similar
land uses.
Peak Sound Level. The Peak Sound Level (dBP) is
a flat-weighted scale that can be used to measure
noise from small arms (less than or equal to 20 mm)
firing, heavy artillery, and explosives. Peak blast
noise contours are classified by 115 dBP and
130 dBP. Peak blast noise contours are for single
events. Moderate risks of noise complaints are
associated with 115 dBP and high risks of noise
complaints are associated with 130 dBP.
PK15(met). PK15(met) is the Peak Sound Level,
factoring in the statistical variations caused by
weather, that is likely to be exceeded only 15% of
the time (i.e., 85% certainty that sound will be within this range). The PK15(met) levels would occur under
weather conditions that enhance sound propagation.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 254, Packet Page 446 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-99 Compatibility Assessment
NOI-1
Potential noise concerns for the
community related to weapons
firing at Camp Roberts.
There have been noise complaints regarding
artillery fire at Camp Roberts. This impact could
be increased if the mission changes at Camp
Roberts and if community encroachment
continues closer to Camp Roberts.
Sound is defined as the mechanical energy
transmitted by pressure waves in a compressible
medium such as air. More simply stated, sound is
what we hear. As sounds reach unwanted levels, this
is referred to as noise.
The central issue of noise is the impact, or
perceived impact, on people, animals (wild and
domestic), and general land use compatibility.
Exposure to high noise levels can have a negative
impact on human activity, health, and safety.
The types of noise that may be heard from Camp
Roberts primarily emanate from weapons fire and
overflight of military aircraft. Camp Roberts provides
training for National Guard infantry, armor, and
artillery units. There are 23 live-fire ranges at Camp
Roberts, located in the northwestern portion of the
installation which support small arms and large crewserved weapons training and qualification. Small arms weapons are those that are carried by an
individual and include pistols, rifles, light machine
guns, shotguns, etc. Larger, crew-served weapons
include artillery, heavy machine guns, tanks and
antitank missiles.
Noise from small arms firing can disturb individuals
and affect sensitive land use within approximately
one mile of a range. This area is in an area that
neighbors a generally rural part of Monterey County
south of Route 101; however, Bradley is located
north of Route 101. Within Bradley, there are
residences and an elementary school which may be
sensitive to noise.
Within this range area, there are also large arms
firing. Large arms are any weapons of caliber 20
mm or larger, including grenades, mortars, and
charges as small as 1/4 pound. The noise contours
from firing these types of weapons extend into
Monterey County, just outside of Bradley.
In addition to weapons firing noise coming from
Camp Roberts, there is also aircraft activity that
occurs at the Installation that may be heard by
surrounding residents. The aircraft activity that
occurs at Camp Roberts is primarily rotary wing
aircraft. When aircraft travel outside the boundaries
of Camp Roberts, either arriving, departing, or
using nearby Special Use Airspace, they are
instructed to avoid overflight of residential and
livestock areas whenever possible or maintain an
altitude that is high enough so as to cause minimal
noise at ground level. In addition, there are several
areas identified as “no overflight” zones. However,
there are still occasions when noise is heard on the
ground that is disruptive or a nuisance.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 255, Packet Page 447 6-100 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Camp Roberts Large Arms Noise and Land Use
Camp Roberts
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
Bradley
Lake
Nacimiento
San Miguel
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
Interlake Rd
Estrella Rd
Wellsona Rd
Mission St
San Marcos Rd
Sargents Rd
Vineyard
Canyon Rd
Jolon Rd
River Rd
Bradley Rd Hare Canyon Rd
nI dian Valley Rd
Nacimiento Lake Dr
£¤101
Legend
Farmland
Grazing Land / Agriculture
Other Land
Urban and Built-Up Land
Large Arms Noise
115 - 130 PK15(met)
> 130 PK15(met)
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
Major Road
0 1 2
Miles
Source: Camp Roberts 2013.
Farmland Mapping and Monitoring
Program, Division of Land Resource Protection,
California Department of Conservation, 2018.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 256, Packet Page 448 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-101 Compatibility Assessment
Public Trespassing
Public trespassing addresses both intentional and
unintentional trespassing on a military installation.
The potential for trespassing increases with the
proximity of public use areas such as hiking and offroading areas.
PT-1
Trespassing at Camp Roberts
creates safety and security
concerns.
There have been instances of public trespassing
on Camp Roberts, mostly due to community
members entering the installation for hunting and
recreational use of the river. The perimeter of
Camp Roberts is not fully fenced, which may
create an environment conducive to trespassing.
This is also a safety concern as there are areas
with dud ammunition in areas at Camp Roberts
which have the potential to explode if
inadvertently disturbed.
There have been incidences of public trespassing
on Camp Roberts. Typically, incidences of
trespassing are related to hunting. Due to its
landscape, Camp Roberts allows outdoor recreation
opportunities for hunters and anglers. Camp Roberts
opens hunting and fishing lotteries during certain
times of the year. During this time, members of the
general public, with the appropriate hunting
licenses and tags from the State, can apply for the
lottery through online registration. Hunters and
anglers are randomly selected for the hunting
period. During the hunting and fishing days,
participants are required to check in and out of
Camp Roberts. For safety purposes, hunting and
fishing are only allowed in approved areas, which
are mapped. While Camp Roberts has set
guidelines for recreational use at Camp Roberts,
there are still incidences of hunters and/or anglers
entering Camp Roberts for recreation purposes. It is
unknown whether these incidences are intentional,
to bypass the lottery process, or unintentional if the
hunters/fishers are unaware of the lottery process at
Camp Roberts. Regardless, hunters and anglers may
be able to access the installation through unfenced
areas of the installation.
While this is a security concern for personnel, it is
also a safety concern for hunters and fishers. Those
who do not register for the lottery may not have the
appropriate information to ensure that they do not
enter hazardous areas, such as ranges or dudded
areas on the installation.
Antiterrorism standards authorize the commanders
at all levels to enforce security measures at their will and are charged with the responsibility of the
protection of persons and property under the
commanders’ control. As such, numerous DoD UFC
publications outline various fencing and security
measures appropriate for military installations. The
following are UFC criteria applicable to security
engineering:
n 4-022-01 Security Engineering: Entry Control
Facilities/Access Control Points, 2005
n 4-010-01 DoD Minimum Antiterrorism
Standards for Buildings
n 4-020-01 Security Engineering: Facility
Planning Manual
n 4-022-02 Security Engineering: Design and
Selection of Active Vehicle Barriers
n 4-022-03 Security Fences and Gates
n 3-530-01 Design: Interior, Exterior Lighting,
Security Lighting, and Controls
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 257, Packet Page 449 6-102 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment The Military Handbook (MIL HNDBK 1013/10)
Design Guidelines for Security Fencing, Gates,
Barriers, and Guard Facilities indicates that
installations should use signage at 200-foot intervals
on the exterior installation fencing to inform and
warn potential trespassers that there is a U.S. military installation at the specified location. All military
services recognize the importance of a secured
installation; however, only the U.S. Navy has
published specific guidelines for the installation of
warning/no trespassing signs. These could be useful
guidelines for signage at Camp Roberts.
PT-2 Trespassing onto Fort Hunter
Liggett.
There have been incidences of trespassing onto
FHL through access along Nacimiento-Fergusson
Road and Juan Bautista de Anza Trail.
As with Camp Roberts, FHL has issues with public
trespassing, both inadvertent and intentional. Both
the size of the installation as well as its general
location make it challenging to prevent unauthorized
trespassers from entering
the installation.
FHL is the largest Army Reserve base in the U.S.
with approximately 162,000 acres of training area.
The Nacimiento-Fergusson Road, a public
thoroughfare, bisects the installation in two as it
traverses the region. The roadway connects Highway
1 to the west with Route 101 to the east, via other
public roadways. The public roadway through the
installation increases the potential for trespassing.
Travelers may stop along the route and access the
installation not fully aware of the potential hazards.
Articles in the local newspapers occasionally remind
motorists not to stop and hike, pick flowers or
otherwise access the installation due to the potential
for safety hazards.
FHL is surrounded by the Los Padres National Forest
on the west, southwest and north and includes the
Ventana and Silver Peak Wilderness areas. This
National Forest is large, approximately 1.75 million
acres, and averages over 2 million visitors annually.
The variety of recreational settings makes for a very
popular destination for hikers, campers, off-road
vehicle operators, and equestrian riders, to name a
few. The are several campground areas along the
Nacimiento-Fergusson Road near the boundary of
Fort Hunter Liggett. East and southeast of the
installation, much of the land is in unincorporated
Monterey County and the small communities of
Jolon, Martinus Corners and Lockwood. Because the
installation borders the national forest and
associated recreation areas, there is an increased
risk of trespassing by
the public.
The FHL INRMP identifies issues with public
trespassing and associated impacts. Both natural
resources and cultural resources on the installation
have been impacted by unauthorized trespassers.
The INRMP identifies a goal to integrate natural
resource and cultural resource protection actions to
prevent damage from trespassing and enhance law
enforcement operations. The INRMP also highlights
concerns with recreational users trespassing on the
installation. The goal is to support the installation’s recreational activities for authorized users while
preventing unauthorized off-road
vehicle activities.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 258, Packet Page 450 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-103 Compatibility Assessment
Preventing trespassing and associated illegal
hunting on the installation is also a focus area. The
installation does offer hunting and fishing access for
the public. The program is closely managed by the
installation and requires a permit to participate. FHL
Regulation 420-26 is used to oversee and manage
the program. There are instances of trespassing
related to hunting and fishing by members of the
public that have not obtained authorization to access
the installation. Additionally, some local residents
have reported incidents of unsafe firearms
discharge within the 220-yard hunter safety zone
near neighboring properties.
Because the military conducts training operations on
Fort Hunter Liggett, trespassers expose themselves
to a myriad of safety hazards. Live-fire weapons
training, small arms firing ranges, artillery and tanks, an aircraft assault landing strip, helicopter
operations and airdrop zones are just a few of the
activities that pose a significant health and safety risk to the trespassers on the installation. In addition,
military personnel are also at risk from trespassers if they enter an operational training area.
The MIL HNDBK 1013/10 Design Guidelines for
Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers, and Guard
Facilities indicates that installations should use
signage at 200-foot intervals on the exterior
installation fencing to inform and warn potential
trespassers that there is a U.S. military installation at the specified location. All military services recognize the importance of a secured installation; however,
only the U.S. Navy has published specific guidelines
for the installation of warning/no trespassing signs.
This could be useful guidance for signage at
Fort Hunter-Liggett.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 259, Packet Page 451 6-104 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Resiliency
By definition, resiliency is the ability to bounce
back. For this study, resiliency is the ability of a
military base to withstand the impacts of severe
weather and adapt to changes in climate driven by a
changing atmosphere. The effects of which, such as
increased flood potential and wildland fires, can
present operational and planning challenges to the
military and surrounding communities as resources
are depleted and environments altered. Military
resiliency refers to the capacity and redundancies
that military installations need in place to support
critical systems and infrastructure to sustain mission
requirements in the event of emergencies, disasters,
or other prolonged effects related to
climate change.
Key Terms
Climate Change. Changes in the earth’s
environment, including the atmosphere, as a result
of natural ecological processes and human activities.
Wildland urban interface (WUI). A zone where
the built environment (communities, facilities,
infrastructure) meets the undeveloped
natural environment.
RE-1
There is a concern regarding wildland
fires at FHL and Camp Roberts and in
the areas surrounding the
installations.
The South County Study Area is in a semi-arid
climate zone that is relatively undeveloped. High
temperatures, minimal precipitation, and low
humidity during summer months along with
abundant vegetation that provides a natural fuel
load increases the risk of wildland fires.
The portion of the Study Area in southern Monterey
County/northern San Luis Obispo County where
both Camp Roberts and FHL are located, has hot
dry summers where temperatures can exceed 100
degrees Fahrenheit. Average high temperatures
during the summer range from the mid-80s to the
mid-90s. Because the area lies inland, mostly east of
the Santa Lucia Range, the area has relatively low
amounts of precipitation. Precipitation in the region
averages approximately 12 inches per year. Portions
of western FHL are at higher elevations and typically
have higher levels of rainfall. Precipitation during
the summer is extremely low, with little or no rainfall being typical. In addition, high winds are common
in the region which can increase both the intensity
and spread rate of wildland fires.
As climate change continues to affect the weather
for most regions, it is expected that the Study Area
is likely to see increased temperatures and more
sporadic precipitation events which is likely to
increase the risk of wildland fires in the Study Area.
Vegetation type varies considerably within the Study
Area and is influenced by whether the land is
developed or remains undeveloped. The vegetation
types within the Camp Roberts range areas are
shown in Table 6.20. while the vegetation types for
FHL are provided in Table 6.21. Developed areas
tend to have lower risks for wildland fires except in
areas of wildland fire urban interface. Certain
vegetation types exhibit different risks for wildland
fires. Grasses, especially invasive species, can
ignite easily and burn rapidly, typically at a lower
intensity. Wildland fires in forested areas can pose
different risks depending on the understory
vegetation. Dense areas of forests and lowergrowing vegetation may be subject to intense burns once ignited.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 260, Packet Page 452 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-105 Compatibility Assessment
Camp Roberts Vegetation Habitat
Vegetation
Habitat
Percent
Coverage
Wildland Fire
Considerations
Grassland 58%
Reduced risk of
intense burns, but
can spread rapidly.
Mixed Chaparral ~4.0%
Can create highintensity fires during
hot/dry season.
Oak Woodland 31%
Generally lower risk
depending on the
understory.
Riparian 4.3% Reduced wildland
fire risks.
Other ~2.7% N/A
Source: Camp Roberts INRMP, 2011.
As discussed in the Camp Roberts INRMP, the large
quantity of grassland habitat on the installation poses a high fire risk. Grassland can burn easily and very
quickly resulting in fast-spreading wildland fires if
left unchecked. Typically, grassland fires have lower
intensity, but invasive grassland can also result in
higher intensity burns.
Fort Hunter Liggett Vegetation Habitat
Vegetation
Habitat
Percent
Coverage
Wildland Fire
Considerations
Mixed Chaparral
and Coastal
Scrub
39.5%
Can create highintensity fires during
hot/dry seasons.
Oak Woodlands
and Forests 33.5%
Generally lower risk
depending on the
understory.
Oak Savannahs 12.7%
Generally lower risk
depending on the
understory.
Grassland 9.9%
Reduced risk of
intense burns, but
can spread rapidly.
Riparian 2.9% Reduced wildland
fire risks.
Landscaped 0.9%
Reduced risk if fireresistant vegetation
is used.
Other 0.6% N/A
Source: Fort Hunter Liggett INRMP, 2012.
The Fort Hunter Liggett INRMP highlights the
wildland fire hazards associated with coastal scrub
habitat. Several of the plant communities in this
habitat are resinous or produce volatile oils which
can increase the risk of wildland fires and/or
increase the intensity of the burns.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 261, Packet Page 453 6-106 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment In general, undeveloped areas of Camp Roberts and
FHL have adequate fuel load for fires to start and
spread under the right conditions. Undeveloped
areas in the Study Area outside the installation
boundaries have similar vegetation habitats as that
found at the Camp and Fort. In some cases,
undeveloped areas located outside the Camp that
have been disturbed but not well managed to
prevent invasive species, may have greater wildland
fire risks. Topography can also play a role in
wildland fires as it can affect habitat for different
vegetation types and in some instances impact
weather conditions on the ground.
According to the 2021 DoD Wildfire Hazard
Assessment, FHL was one of several U.S. Army
bases considered at high risk for wildfires. This
analysis was based on evaluating various criteria
related to the potential for wildfires. While Camp
Roberts was not included in the study, it is
reasonable to consider the installation is at a similar level of risk for wildfires as well.
Communities in the Study Area are also impacted by
wildland fires. The San Luis Obispo Emergency
Operations Plan (EOP) notes the region has a history
of wildland fires impacting both the natural and built
environments. WUI fires have occurred around
communities in San Luis Obispo County, including
the City of Paso Robles in 1985 (“Las Pilitas Fire”)
and 1994 (“41 Fire”). The San Luis Obispo County
General Plan Safety Section identifies 14 distinct
WUI fire areas. According to the Monterey County
EOP, wildland fires are one of the top three hazards
resulting in federal major disaster declarations.
Wildland fires occur in both Monterey County and
San Luis Obispo County in the southern portion of
the Study Area with regularity. Examples of large
wildland fires include:
n “Indian Fire” – 81,378 acres north of Fort
Hunter Liggett/west of King City in 2008
n “Chimney Fire” – over 45,000 acres west of
Lake Nacimiento in 2016
n “Coleman Fire” – more than 3,000 acres west
of King City near FHL in 2016
n “Yankee Fire” – over 100 acres near
Camp Roberts
n “Dolan Fire” – burned approximately 128,000
acres west of FHL in 2020
Figure 6.21 is a map that depicts the wildfire hazard
potential across the southern portion of the Study
Area. Most of the region, including the military
installations and nearby jurisdictions are in moderate
to very high-risk areas. Although developed areas
tend to be at a reduced risk of wildfire occurrence,
these areas can be at an increased risk of wildland
fire impacts from adjacent undeveloped areas. This
increased risk includes the potential for wildland
fires to transition to urban fires.
Table 6.22 provides a summary of planning tools in
the southern portion of the CUS Study Area that
addresses land use and wildland fire. Monterey
County and San Luis Obispo County General Plans
and Emergency/Hazard Plans all address wildland
fires. Both counties also have maps that identify
areas of high risk for wildland fires.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 262, Packet Page 454 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-107 Compatibility Assessment
Wildland Fire Planning Tools by
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction General
Plan
Emergency Ops
Plan/Hazard
Assessment
Wildland
Fire
Map
Monterey
County
San Luis
Obispo
County
King City
City of Paso
Robles
Source: Matrix 2021
Addresses wildland fires
Does not address wildland fires adequately
Tool not available
The King City General Plan Safety Element discusses
wildland fire protection provided outside the city but
does not substantially discuss the WUI fire planning
efforts. The city’s EOP mentions wildland fires by
referring to the General Plan Safety Element. The
city does not have a map showing the wildland fire
hazards associated with the WUI area.
The City of Paso Robles General Plan Safety Element
addresses fire hazards but does not substantially
address the WUI fire planning efforts. The city’s
2016 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) addresses
wildfires and includes a map that provides fire
severity zones and includes non-wildland/non-urban
areas along the boundary.
The State of California has a robust statewide mutual
aid program designed to ensure required resources
are available for all natural and manmade disasters
including wildland fires. Monterey County is part of
the California Master Mutual Aid Agreement,
specifically part of the Coastal Region II, and San
Luis Obispo County is part of the CMMA Coastal
Region I. The three primary components of
CMMA are:
n Fire and Rescue Mutual Aid Plan
n Law Enforcement Mutual Aid Plan
n Emergency Management Mutual Aid Plan
As stated earlier, the Monterey County MJHMP is
designed to ensure sustained actions are taken to
eliminate/reduce risks associated with hazards. All
of the CUS stakeholder jurisdictions in Monterey
County participated in the mitigation plan process.
San Luis Obispo has prepared a 2019 HMP that
includes a City of Paso Robles Annex. The HMPs
provide a hazard analysis, vulnerability analysis,
capability assessment, and mitigation strategies for
wildland fires in the counties and affected
communities.
It is important that all affected jurisdiction and
military land use and wildland fire management
plans and ordinances address wildland fires and
WUI areas to protect the community from hazards
associated with wildland fires.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 263, Packet Page 455 6-108 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Wildfire Hazard Potential Across the South County Study Area Camp Roberts
Fort Hunter
Liggett
M o n t e r e y
C o u n t y
S a n L u i s O b i s p o
C o u n t y
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Bradley
Cambria
Lake
Nacimiento
Lockwood
Oak
Shores
Pine
Canyon
San Ardo
San Lucas
San Miguel
San
Simeon
Templeton
Martinus
Corner
Heritage
Ranch
Lake San Antonio
Lake Nacimiento
¬«46
¬«25
¬«198
¬«1
El Paso de
Robles (Paso
Robles)
King City
£¤101
Legend
Wildfire Hazard Potential
Very Low
Low
Moderate
High
Very High
Non-burnable
Wildland Urban Interface Area
Department of Defense
Installation
County Boundary
El Paso de Robles (Paso
Robles)
King City
Unincorporated Community
US Highway
State Route
Major Road
Water
0 1 2 3 4
Miles
Source: USDA USFS, 2020.
County of Monterey
ATTACHMENT 1
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RE-2
Concern that the remote location of
FHL can create barriers to
recruitment efforts.
FHL is located in a remote area of southern
Monterey County. There are concerns that the
remote area in which FHL is located will create
barriers for retaining and recruiting personnel to
work at FHL.
FHL is an Army asset due to its location in a
generally remote area of Monterey County. Its
location in the County provides the installation
access to 164,000 acres of undisturbed mountains,
valleys, rivers, plains, and forests that are ideal areas for training and land and air operations. The
geography creates a unique opportunity for training
and testing at Fort Hunter Liggett, which is the
largest Army Reserve installation in the U.S. Due to
its military significance, it is important the Fort
retains and recruits military and civilian
professionals to support mission readiness.
The unique environment is what makes FHL well
suited for training. While this type of environment is
critical for the mission at Fort Hunter Liggett, it also presents a challenge in recruiting and training the
personnel that are needed to sustain its mission. The
closest city, with the greatest population, is King
City, which is approximately 27 miles away from
Fort Hunter Liggett.
Within the Study Area, King City has a relatively
small population at just over 17,000. The City
includes retail and services that can be utilized by
those at Fort Hunter Liggett; however, at present,
there are limited options for the personnel at Fort
Hunter Liggett. The next closest cities with higher
populations are Paso Robles, which is 55 miles
away, and Salinas, which is 90 miles away.
After recruiting individuals to work at Fort Hunter
Liggett, there will be a continuous need to focus on
retaining personnel. There should be coordination
efforts between FHL and the surrounding
communities, including King City, and economic
development agencies to focus on recruitment and
employee retention in support of Fort Hunter
Liggett.
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 265, Packet Page 457 6-110 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment Estimated Drive Time to Military Bases in the South County Study Area Legend
South Monterey County Installation
Drive Time (Minutes)
0 - 15
15 - 30
30 - 45
45 - 60 (1 Hour)
60 - 75
75 - 90
0 10 20
Miles
Source: Esri, 2021. Modeled at 7 am, cars
commuting to installations.
Fort Hunter
Liggett
Camp
Roberts
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 266, Packet Page 458 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 6-111 Compatibility Assessment
RE-3 Statewide drought conditions create
resiliency concerns.
Drought conditions throughout California
continue to be an issue for military resiliency due
to water availability and increased wildfire risks.
Drought can be measured by comparing trends in
precipitation, soil moisture, how much water is in
snow, levels or flow rate of surface water, levels of
water in reservoirs, or groundwater levels.25
According to the Drought Monitor,26 which was
developed through a partnership between the
National Drought Mitigation Center at the University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Department
of Agriculture, and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, the state of California is
mostly experiencing “severe” or “extreme” drought
as shown on Figure 6.26. The State’s budget for
2022-2023 provides an additional $2.8 billion for
drought resilience and drought response over
multiple years.
27 25 https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/About/WhatistheUSDM.aspx, access online August 9, 2022.
U.S. Drought Monitor, California
As of August 4, 2022.
26https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.as px?fips_06053, Accessed online on August 9, 2022.
27https://drought.ca.gov/
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 267, Packet Page 459 6-112 Final Administrative Draft Compatibility Assessment According to Drought Monitor.unl.edu, most of
Monterey County is experiencing “severe” to
“extreme drought through the end of 2022. Under
these conditions in California the following have
historically occurred in the State:
n Severe Drought: grazing land is inadequate;
Producers increase water efficiency methods
and drought-resistant crops; Fire season is
longer, with high burn intensity, dry fuels, and
large fire spatial extent; More fire crews are on
staff; Lake- and river-based tourism declines;
Trees are stressed; Wildlife diseases increase;
Water temperature increases; Programs to
divert water to protect fish begin; River flows
decrease; Reservoir levels are low and banks
are exposed
n Extreme Drought: Livestock need expensive
supplemental feed; Federal water is not
adequate to meet irrigation contracts; Extracting
supplemental groundwater is expensive; Fire
season lasts year-round; Low river levels
impede fish migration; Wildlife encroach on
developed areas; Water sanitation is a concern,
reservoir levels drop significantly, surface water
is nearly dry, flows are very low; Water theft
occurs; Wells and aquifer levels decrease;
Water conservation rebate programs increase;
Water use restrictions are implemented; Water
transfers increase; Water is inadequate for
agriculture, wildlife, and urban needs;
Reservoirs are extremely low; Hydropower
is restricted
28https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRAWebsite/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-SupplyStrategy.pdf According to the State of California, it is projected
that the weather conditions in California can
dimmish the State’s water supply by up to 10% by
2040. In August 2022, the State, led by Governor
Newsom, outlined actions to increase water supply
and to adapt to extreme weather, including drought,
in California’s Water Supply Strategy. Within the last
three years, the State has set aside $8 billion for
water infrastructure modernization and
management. The 2021-22 budget included $5.2
billion for drought response, including water
conservation efforts and water resiliency methods.
The 2022-23 budget includes an additional $2.8
billion for drought relief for water communities that
have been hit hard by drought, additional water
conversation methods, environmental protection,
and long-term projects for drought resilience. The
strategy outlines four actions28:
1. Develop new water strategies through
investments in wastewater recycling and
desalination technology.
2. Expand water storage capacity both above
and below ground by 4 million acre-feet.
3. Reduce water demand through conservation
efforts and stabilization of groundwater
supplies.
4. Improve forecasting, data, and
management, including water rights
modernization.
As the Strategy notes, the implementation of these
actions will require partnership with local, regional,
state, and federal agencies and with farmers,
business owners, and residents in California.
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RE-4
There is a need for power and
water redundancy and resiliency at
FHL and Camp Roberts.
Power/Energy redundancies are needed at Camp
Roberts to ensure that the installation remains
resilient into the future.
As required by DoD policy, Army installations are
focusing on utility infrastructure to ensure resiliency in the face of risks and threats from climate change
and extreme weather. DoD Instruction 4170.11
applies to all activities that affect the supply,
reliability, and consumption of facility energy. The
policy requires:
n Safe, secure, reliable, and efficient
infrastructure
n Maximize energy and water conservation
n Investment in cost-effective renewable energy
n Investment in energy-efficient facilities
The instruction also lays out robust procedures for
tracking and reporting on energy conservation,
performance, and investment metrics.
The Army has a requirement for all installations to
complete an Installation Energy and Water Plan that
outlines critical mission requirements, assesses
energy and water baseline conditions, and develops
a prioritized approach for both projects, and
operations and maintenance activities that improve
energy and water resilience. The intent of the plan is
to lay out a comprehensive approach to identifying,
prioritizing, and implementing energy projects such
that overall installation energy performance is
improved. It is important that energy projects are
evaluated from a sustainability perspective looking
for synergies with other installation needs and
initiatives. In addition to outlining plans to ensure
long-term energy resilience capabilities, the plans
must address cybersecurity requirements for all
related energy projects.
To meet Army energy and water resiliency goals,
Camp Roberts should be able to sustain critical
mission operations for a minimum of 14 days in the
event of service interruptions from outside suppliers.
There are different strategies and approaches that
would help Camp Roberts to meet this desired
end state.
To further enhance installation energy resilience, the
DoD and military services are pursuing partnerships
with public utilities to develop on-installation energy resilience projects. For electric power, the Army is
pursuing microgrids at each installation by 2035.
FHL will be the first Army installation to achieve
energy resiliency for critical operations capable of
generating and distributing electricity for 14-days of
energy resiliency on its own microgrid.
In addition to power, water resiliency is also
important. Camp Roberts obtains its potable water
supplies from groundwater wells in Monterey and
San Luis Obispo Counties. While groundwater
supplies are generally dependable, the associated
delivery infrastructure may fail at times. As an
example, FHL also obtains water supplies from
groundwater sources. In August 2022, the water
supply at FHL was disrupted due to failed
infrastructure. The installation was without drinking
water for a period of time until water buffalos
arrived from Camp Roberts. Single points of failure
in the installation water distribution system have the
potential to impact
mission continuity.
In order to ensure the continuity of critical missions
at Camp Roberts, it is necessary to develop
approaches for energy and water redundancy and
resiliency. The Camp Roberts Installation Energy and
Water Plan along with other resiliency planning
should guide the process to ensure effective and
efficient projects are implemented in a
timely manner.
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Roadway capacity refers to the adequacy of existing
freeways, highways, arterials, and local roads in
providing sufficient mobility, connectivity, and
access to military installations and points of interest in surrounding communities. As urban development
expands into rural areas, roads once used primarily
to provide access for agricultural uses and limited
local traffic begin to function as urban arterial
roadways. These once-rural roads often become the
main transportation corridors for all types of traffic
— from residential to commercial trucking — and
can assist or impede access to military installations.
As transportation systems grow and provide more
capacity, these facilities may induce and encourage
growth as rural areas become more accessible.
RC-1
Inadequate width and poor roadway
conditions on Jolon Road negatively
impact access to Fort Hunter
Liggett, rural communities, and
recreation/tourist attractions.
Jolon Road is the main road that provides access
to Fort Hunter Liggett, rural communities (e.g.,
Lockwood, Jolon), and recreation/tourist
attractions (e.g., Mission San Antonio de Padua,
Lake San Antonio, wineries/tasting rooms,
campgrounds, etc.). This road currently is
inadequate for traffic types and vehicle loads,
creating potentially unsafe access to Fort Hunter
Liggett, and the surrounding communities/areas.
As discussed in a previous finding (RE-2) FHL is
located in a remote location which is important to
support the military’s training objectives. Due to its
location, there are limited roads that lead to the
installation. The most critical road is Jolon Road,
which is the primary roadway connection from Route
101, near King City, to Fort Hunter Liggett, with
connection to Mission Road at Fort Hunter Liggett.
Jolon Road is currently not adequate in width and
condition for the vehicle types and loads into FHL
and general community traffic, including bicycle
and pedestrian uses. This inadequacy and
incompatibility is especially evident during military
training periods that have become more extensive
over the years. It is also evident when community
special events occur such as the Wildflower
Triathlon.
Jolon Road - November 13, 2022 - Captured by Fred Kenyon.
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The TAMC has a program for traffic counts on
regional roadways. The traffic counts are provided
to the Association of Monterey Bay Area of
Governments for their regional travel demand
forecasting.
29 According to TAMC, the Peak ADT is
2,389 for Jolon Road between San Lucas Road and
Jolon Landfill Road. For comparison, the Peak ADT
for Oasis Road, between San Lucas Road and Jolon
Road, is 453.
30 Jolon Road was last improved in 2000 and is
approximately 20’ with no shoulders. Today, Jolon
Road may not meet current Caltrans standards for a
two-lane rural highway (12’ lanes with 8’ shoulders).
The load bearing requirements for Caltrans is
limited to 20,000 lbs. for single axle and 34,000
lbs. for tandem axels (axels less than 8’ apart).
Existing training and traffic at FHL includes the
Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT)
family of vehicles which have a gross vehicle weight
of up to 161,000 lbs. The lack of adequate highway
shoulders and roadway lighting may exacerbate
existing conditions along Jolon Road. During a
public outreach meeting, community members
provided their observations on the existing roadway
conditions. Concerns were raised that erosion of the
roadway edges were impacting the usable area of
driving space.
Monterey County and FHL have been coordinating
to improve this road. AMBAG is the Metropolitan
Planning Organization for the Monterey Bay area.
As such, the Agency develops the Metropolitan
Transportation Plan, in coordination with other
agencies, including TAMC. The 2045 Metropolitan
Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities
Strategy outlines future roadway projects for the
region. It includes one road improvement project
for Jolon Road, which is to widen the shoulder and
29https://www.tamcmonterey.org/traffic-counts
30https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1LfewEA8r39Ms_Db n7yYZOAC7o-_uBC9H&ll=36.161343523564724%2C121.05827308822145&z=13 install a bikeway. The project is not currently
funded. There is a multimillion-dollar improvement
project, through Caltrans for Route 101. The
improvements include rehabilitation, seismic retrofit,
widening, and median barrier.31 These projects set
up Jolon Road for potential future improvements.
RC-2
Poor roadway conditions on Airport
Road impacts access to the Paso
Robles Municipal Airport.
There are currently joint uses at the Paso Robles
Municipal Airport between the City and Camp
Roberts. The City expressed interest in expanding
joint use at the airport; however, the roadway
conditions of Airport Road need to be addressed to
support expanded joint use by the ARNG and City
of Paso Robles.
Currently NPS operates a field laboratory at
McMillian Airfield on Camp Roberts near Paso
Robles. Expanded use of the Paso Robles Municipal
Airport by the Army and Navy can serve emerging
military requirements supporting research and
testing, Army SATCOM needs, and future logistics.
This includes logistics and aviation support facilities and potentially future space launch capability. The
City of Paso Robles is seeking FAA spaceport
designation for the Paso Robles Municipal Airport
and envisions potential for unmanned aerial vehicle
connectivity with McMillian Airstrip on FHL. As such
capital improvements for the Airport Road need to
be prioritized as a key step in the development of
improved and expanded joint use facilities at the
airport.
31http://rebuildingca.ca.gov/map/; accessed August 16, 2022.
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Potential Implementation Strategies
This chapter presents the recommended courses of action (strategies) that have been developed through collaboration among project partners. Since the Monterey Regional CUS is the result of a collaborative planning process, the strategies truly represent a consensus-based plan and a realistic and coordinated approach to compatibility planning.
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Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 273, Packet Page 465 7-2 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Recommended strategies are at the
heart of the Monterey Regional
CUS and include a variety of
actions for future community
consideration that promote
education, communication,
compatible land use, and resource
planning between military
installations and the community.
The Monterey Regional CUS is not an enforceable
plan, but rather a set of recommendations for
community consideration. The success of any
strategy implementation can be found in advocacy,
agency staff support, and funding. One key to
successfully implementing the strategies is the
establishment of a Monterey Regional CUS
Implementation Working Group. Additionally, local
communities should monitor progress and address
future compatibility findings.
The Monterey Regional CUS serves as a planning
tool to assist in guiding compatible growth and
maintaining the balance between the needs and
interests of both the military and community. The
goal of compatibility planning is to promote an
environment where both military and community
entities communicate, coordinate, and implement
mutually supportive actions.
7.1 Strategy
Implementation
Considerations
This section provides an overarching set of
recommendations when considering the
implementation of strategies recommended in
this chapter.
Recommended strategies must not result in the
taking of property value, meaning rendering the
property undevelopable or unable to achieve
economic gain by the removal of development
rights defined by state law. Some of the
recommended strategies may involve establishing
conservation easements on private property, but
only if landowners are willing to take such actions.
To avoid issues relating to the non-compliance of
existing land uses, any zoning amendments or
regulatory changes should include “grandfather
clauses” to allow existing legal uses to be retained.
Any proposed changes to regulatory or policy
guidance, such as to zoning ordinances or
general/comprehensive plans, should not affect
properties that have existing entitlements or that
have been previously approved for development.
Some recommended strategies can be implemented
only with new legislation.
Any strategy that involves developing new regulatory
measures or updating existing ones, such as
amending zoning ordinances or adding new zoning
overlay districts to existing zoning ordinances, and
any strategy that amends municipal guidance
documents, such as community general plans or
county comprehensive plans, is subject to all legal
processes required by California legislation and
local regulations before implementation.
Consequently, some recommended strategies may
involve the notification of affected and potentially
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affected property owners and/or land management
entities, as well as public hearings.
As in other planning processes that include
numerous stakeholders, the challenge here is to
create a solution or strategy for outcomes that meet
the needs of all parties. In lieu of eliminating
strategies that do not have complete buy-in from all
stakeholders, each strategy may be further refined to
create multiple approaches that address the same
findings in tailored, community-specific ways.
Since state and federal regulations are subject to
change, implementing jurisdictions or parties should
ensure that no conflicts have arisen between
strategies and local, state, or federal laws prior
to implementation.
7.2 How to Read the
Strategies
The potential strategies presented in this chapter
address the compatibility findings that were
identified while preparing the Monterey Regional
CUS. The purpose of each strategy is to:
The strategies include information on when and how
they should be implemented and are grouped
according to the compatibility finding(s) that each
strategy addresses. The following paragraphs
provide an overview of how to read the
potential strategies.
Facilitate enhanced, ongoing communication and
collaboration as mechanisms for effective
compatibility planning.
Eliminate or reduce existing compatibility
concerns.
Avoid future actions, operations, or approvals that
would cause incompatibility.
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Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 275, Packet Page 467 7-4 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies The finding that the associated strategies
address. The finding description is presented
before each recommended strategy or set of
strategies. A column to the right of the finding
statement identifies the degree of importance that
the finding holds for affected communities and/or
the installation.
Strategy box. The title describing the strategy
solution is in bold in the strategy box. Each strategy
starts with a unique alphanumeric identifier that
provides a reference for the strategy and is
composed of the compatibility finding abbreviation
and a numeric identifier (e.g., COM-1, COM-1B,
etc.). This is followed by the complete strategy
statement that describes the recommended action.
The strategies with an asterisk (*) indicate strategies that have been carried forward from the 2013 Camp
Roberts JLUS.
Strategy rows. Each strategy is presented in two
rows in the table. The first row includes a
description of the strategy and the parties that are
responsible for its implementation. The second row
identifies the type of strategy, the timeframe
suggested for implementation, the area where the
strategy should be implemented, and the level at
which implementation is prioritized.
Responsible party column. A column along the
right side of the strategy boxes identifies the
stakeholders who should serve as either a
“Responsible Party” or a “Partner.” The Responsible
Party is responsible for implementing the strategy,
while Partners play supporting roles.
Responsible parties may include the following:
n Monterey Regional Implementation Working
Group: The working group and/or local
communities that will be tasked with
implementing the strategies in the CUS. At this
point, this is a concept that the local
communities will need to explore and develop.
n Monterey Regional CUS partner communities:
The cities and counties that are stakeholders in
the Monterey Regional CUS process.
n Cities, counties, agencies, and other
regional organizations
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Strategy type box. This box identifies the type of
tool that a strategy constitutes. Strategy types are
indicated by the icons shown below. Some
strategies constitute multiple types, such that
multiple icons will be listed.
Acquisition Coordination/
Communication
Education
/Awareness Easement
Legislative General Plan
Partnership Planning
Policies Process
Real Estate
Disclosure Regulations
Study Zoning
Strategies that are marked with an icon may
be eligible for follow-on funding from grants
through the OLDCC or other federal agencies.
Parties responsible for implementation will have to
apply for and be awarded the grants. The icon
demarcates potential opportunities; funding
eligibility will be determined by the granting agency
or agencies. It should be noted that OLDCC funds
communities and local government organizations,
but not the U.S. Army or other DoD entities.
Timeframe box. This box indicates the
recommended timeframe in which a strategy should
be implemented. The timeframes represent either
multi-year periods during which a strategy should be
initiated or indicate that a recommended action
should be ongoing.
Short-Term (0-2 years).
Strategy is to be considered
and initiated within two years
following MRCUS completion.
Mid-Term (2-5 years). Strategy
is to be considered and
initiated within two to five
years following
MRCUS completion.
Long-Term (5+ years). Strategy
is to be considered and
initiated in five or more years
following MRCUS completion.
Ongoing. Strategy is to be
considered and implemented
continuously, intermittently, or
as needed.
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7.3 North County Potential Strategies
Air Quality (AQ)
AQ-1: Non-attainment of regional air quality standards requires that military installations obtain air permits for any stationary emitters, which may limit future mission expansion.
The North County Study Area, located within the North Central Coast Air Basin, is currently nonattainment for the CAAQS for PM10. Nonattainment for any CAAQS or NAAQS, as well as air permitting requirements can potentially constrain current military operations, and future expansion of NSA Monterey.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
AQ-1A: Continue to monitor air permit requests.
The NSAM should continue to actively monitor activities that affect air quality in the region to identify potential impacts on Naval operations from non-military operations.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group should support the military mission by helping to ensure non-military new air permit requests submitted in the region do not have the potential to impact NASAM operations.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n NASM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner
n Monterey
Regional
Implementation
Working Group
AQ-1B: Coordinate with MBARD for monitoring air permit requests within the air district.
NSAM should maintain its partnership with MBARD and continue to monitor air permit requests within MBARD's area of responsibility to minimize the potential for impacts to installation missions.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n NSAM
n CalEPA
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
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Air Quality (AQ)
AQ-1C: Monitor the CalEPA air permit request website weekly to identify new requests that may impact air quality in the region.
NSAM should monitor the CalEPA air permit request website weekly to identify any new requests for air permits that may impact air quality in the region.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
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Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 279, Packet Page 471 7-8 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection (AT)
AT-1: There may be anti-terrorism/force protection (AT/FP) concerns regarding future development close to military installations.
Future development around NSA Monterey, POM and DMDC may be an AT/FP concern if new development occurs adjacent to the installation perimeter. This type of development should be coordinated with the appropriate installation staff to assess potential impacts.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
AT-1A: Include DMDC in development review discussions between POM and the surrounding communities.
Surrounding communities should send DMDC a formal notice when development applications are submitted within an agreed-upon distance from the DMDC and OMC fence line. POM should provide surrounding communities with comments that document impacts related to anti-terrorism/force protection. POM and the surrounding communities should consider developing an MOU to document this process and/or utilizing the CEQA and NEPA process to provide timely reviews and comments.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Surrounding
communities
n POM
Partner(s)
n DMDC
n OMC
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
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Communication/Coordination (COM)
COM-1: There is no formally established or routine communication forum between the military installations and surrounding communities.
While there is generally good communication and coordination between military installations and neighboring community governments, the processes and protocols of the interactions are not formalized. This could lead to inconsistent planning and coordination when there are changes in staff at the military installations and/or local governments.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
COM-1A: The region should consider establishing a regional working group and/or ask local communities to monitor CUS implementation and address future compatibility findings that may arise within Monterey Bay.
Following the completion of the Monterey Regional CUS, a Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities could be tasked with the following:
n Overseeing the implementation of the MRCUS North County strategies n Maintaining efficient and effective coordination among the Monterey Regional CUS partners and other affected stakeholders
n Enhancing long-term coordination on military compatibility findings As a starting point, all members of the current CUS Working Groups should be invited to be the initial members of the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group. The membership may evolve, and new stakeholder groups may be invited to join as may be appropriate in the future. The Monterey Bay Regional Implementation Working Group should meet regularly, as agreed upon by its members. If this option does not work, local agencies should develop an alternative strategy to collaborate.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Groups and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
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COM-1B: The Monterey Regional CUS Working Group and/or local communities should consider developing a charter for the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group.
Members of the Monterey Bay Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should consider developing a charter and other guiding documents that formalize and enable the group. The charter and related documents should define the following variables, at a minimum:
n Working Group mission, purpose, and initial objectives n Working Group structure and membership
n Membership directory with points of contact for each partner organization n Member roles and responsibilities in addressing compatibility findings n Meeting frequency and protocols
n Triggers for coordination and communication (e.g., infrastructure planning, water resources planning, alternative energy development proposals, economic development opportunities, mission changes, etc.)
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Groups and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
COM-1C: Continue reoccurring coordination efforts.
Participating jurisdictions and agencies should consider continuing the ongoing coordination efforts that already exist in the community, including the Monterey Bay Area Managers Group, which includes military leadership during quarterly meetings, and Team Monterey, which is a multijurisdictional forum for military and community leadership interaction.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
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Communication/Coordination (COM)
COM-2: There is no formalized protocol for coordination between the military installations and surrounding communities.
While there is generally good communication and coordination flow between military installations and neighboring community governments, the processes and protocols are not formalized. This could lead to inconsistent planning and coordination when there are changes in staff at the military installations or local governments.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
COM-2A: Formalize lines of communication between NSAM, POM, and surrounding communities.
POM and NSAM should provide updated information to the region or through a future Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities when changes in operations or missions result in the need to update or modify one of the MIA boundaries. This should be done in accordance with the communication guidelines and best practices identified in the California Advisory Handbook for Community and Military Compatibility Planning and in accordance with California codes for notification to military installations for land use changes.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should be responsible for making a recommendation to members to incorporate these changes into appropriate plans, regulations, and policies. The communities should also communicate relevant military-related information to the public regularly through public websites, social media platforms, and other forms of notification.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n NSAM
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
COM-2B: Continue information sharing through Team Monterey roundtable meetings.
Participating jurisdictions and military installations should continue to participate in Congressman Panetta’s roundtable and future congressional roundtable meetings to share information that is pertinent to compatible planning in the region.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
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COM-2C: Leverage the POM Installation Planning Board for communications with the surrounding jurisdictions.
The POM should continue to use the Installation Planning Board to communicate the compatibility-related concerns of all Army facilities on the Monterey Peninsula to surrounding jurisdictions, as appropriate.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
Partner(s)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
COM-2D: Include school districts in coordination efforts regarding compatible planning and recruitment efforts for military installations.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should consider including local school districts and higher education institutions when discussing efforts to recruit and retain military personnel and civilian professionals to support military installations. School districts should be invited to discuss their educational programs and opportunities. This should be done in coordination with the existing Naval school liaison, who serves as the interface between local school districts and the Navy.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Regional school
districts
COM-2E: Circulate brochures to educate communities about community impacts on military installations in the region.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities' and military installations’ respective public affairs offices should include digital resources on their websites.
Communities should consider resources found on the REPI and OLDCC websites:
https://www.repi.mil/Resources/Primers/
https://oldcc.gov/
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
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Communication/Coordination (COM)
COM-2F: Create an interactive, web-based GIS portal for regional coordination that is hosted by AMBAG.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should consider working with AMBAG or through another regional forum to create an interactive web-based GIS portal to assist with regional coordination between communities in the study area and regional military installations. The Monterey Regional CUS partner communities should work to identify the jurisdiction or agency, such as AMBAG, that will create and maintain the GIS portal to share up-todate and pertinent and appropriate GIS data, such as existing land use, zoning, nodrone zones around military installations, and other pertinent CUS-related geospatial data, that is hosted on the GIS portal. The portal should be publicly accessible and serve as a tool to promote enhanced, long-range, and coordinated compatibility planning. Monterey Regional CUS partners should assist with disseminating information about how to access and use the portal. Protocol for accessing and updating information should be developed to ensure information accuracy. For example, when missing or new GIS data is identified, the appropriate party should notify the identified jurisdiction or agency to make the necessary updates to the GIS portal. Appropriate security measures should also be established to maintain the portal's integrity and effectiveness and to ensure that proprietary information from each agency is not shared. For example, all military-related data shall be reviewed and approved by the respective installation prior to public release.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n AMBAG
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Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 285, Packet Page 477 7-14 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Cultural Resources (CR)
CR-1: There is concern regarding differences in federal and state tribal consultation requirements.
Federal and state legal requirements for consulting with American Indian Tribes differs depending on the government agencies and public organizations involved. This can impact how requirements for cultural resource management are handled when large-scale projects in the North County Study Area involve federal, state, and/or private property and/or funding.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
CR-1A: Continue coordination efforts between American Indian Tribes and military installations for cultural resource consultation.
The Army, Navy, and American Indian tribes should continue coordination efforts for cultural resource management.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Army
n Navy
n American Indian
tribes
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
CR-2: There is a concern with the impacts of erosion caused by rodents on cultural resources on the Lower Presidio Historic Park.
The Army and City are discussing how to ameliorate the erosion caused by rodents.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
CR-2A: Continue ongoing cultural resource coordination efforts.
The City of Monterey and the Army should continue coordination efforts related to the cultural resource site and should consult with the American Indian representatives as required.
Responsible Party(ies)
n City of Monterey
n Army
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n American Indian
tribes
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Frequency Spectrum Capacity (FSC)
FSC-1: 5G Cell coverage is limited on the Monterey Peninsula, which may limit operations at NSA Monterey.
NSA Monterey is currently constrained by older cellular network technology in the Study Area and limited availability of 5th generation (5G) network coverage. This can create communication and operations challenges for military installations on the peninsula.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
FSC-1A: Monitor issues related to 5G and future generations in the region.
Military installations should work with surrounding communities to monitor 5G trends and plans for the region. Military installations should use this information to assess how 5G issues may impact their missions and operations, and communities should use this information to determine how 5G may impact telecommunications in their communities. This should be done for future generations of technology as well.
Responsible Party(ies)
n NSAM
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Surrounding
communities
FSC-1B: Notify military installations of 5G projects.
Surrounding jurisdictions should notify military installations of any proposed commercial 5G towers and infrastructure siting and should provide the military installations with the opportunity to review and comment on 5G projects and associated zoning requests. NSAM and POM should coordinate and collaborate with the community on matters related to 5G projects and future generations of technology as well.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Surrounding
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM
n POM
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 287, Packet Page 479 7-16 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Housing Availability (HA)
HA-1: There is a perception in the community that the military basic housing allowance (BAH) impacts the local housing market.
The military provides allowances to offset the cost of housing for military personnel. These rates are based on annual surveys of the local market; however, there has been a perception in the community that the basic allowance for housing rates are higher than market driven rental costs and thereby increase rental rates for all housing in the community.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-1A: Consider developing high-density workforce housing at the Former Fort Ord.
Recipients of land on former Fort Ord should evaluate the feasibility of developing high-density workforce housing at the Former Fort Ord for civilian use.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Recipients of land on
former Fort Ord
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n AMBAG
n Monterey County
HA-1B: Establish a public-public cooperative venture for public agency workforce housing.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities, school districts, and other public agencies should consider establishing a public-public cooperative venture to build public agency workforce housing.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
n Regional school
districts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 288, Packet Page 480 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-17 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Housing Availability (HA)
HA-1C: Establish a public-private partnership to increase housing stock for military personnel on OMC and La Mesa housing areas.
According to LandWatch, Monterey currently has 3 jobs for every housing unit, twice the regional average. The Army Installation Management Command should explore strategies to leverage public-private partnerships to increase the availability of dedicated military housing on the Monterey Peninsula to help alleviate regional housing demands.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
HA-2: There is a concern about housing affordability in the North County Study Area.
Regional housing rental prices and sales prices continue to increase in the North County Study Area. Increasing housing rents and prices may present challenges for military personnel and other community members when looking for housing.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-2A: Communicate military rental housing needs.
Military Housing Offices should continue to communicate rental housing needs to surrounding cities, real estate associations, and landlords. This information should include where military personnel desire to rent, and timeframes and quantities for known incoming military personnel. Surrounding communities should work with the Military Housing Office to address housing needs.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Military Housing
Offices
Partner(s)
n surrounding cities
n real estate
associations
n landlords
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 289, Packet Page 481 7-18 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Housing Availability (HA)
HA-2B: Provide education materials on new state legislation regarding veteran and military spouse licensures.
Community and military installations should provide educational materials on opportunities that California Assembly Bill 107 presents to the military community.
California Assembly Bill 107 will allow veterans and military spouses to be issued temporary licenses to practice certain professions or vocations in the State of California. This bill will become effective in July 2023.
Effective outreach methods may include military job fairs, and posting information through the Veterans Administration, Veterans Transition Center, local Military & Veterans Affairs Offices, CSUMB Veteran Services Office, DFMWR and PAO.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Partner(s)
n NSAM
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
HA-2C: Work to attract compatible industries.
Local chambers of commerce and economic development agencies should consider working together to identify opportunities for attracting industries that would support or be compatible with the military missions as well as provide employment opportunities for military family members and veterans.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Local chambers of
commerce
n Local economic
development
agencies
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
n NPS
HA-2D: Identify opportunities for tech-industry and other related industry partnerships.
Local economic development agencies and chambers of commerce should identify opportunities for partnerships with the tech industry and other industries that are compatible and complement the missions at military installations, for retention and recruitment support of technical professionals as well as qualified technicians.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Local chambers of
commerce
n Local economic
development
agencies
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
n NPS
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 290, Packet Page 482 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-19 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Housing Availability (HA)
HA-3: There are concerns related to housing availability and affordability in the community to support military and community needs.
While there are some military installations that provide housing on military property, there may not be enough on-base housing to support all personnel stationed on the peninsula. Many personnel must live off base or chose to live off base. This existing deficit in the North County Study Area creates competition between residents and incoming personal seeking housing options in the community. Subsequently, the increase demand for existing available housing reduces affordable housing options.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-3A: Include military housing information in general plans.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities should communicate military housing needs, including rental housing, in updates to their respective general plans. POM, as the Housing Authority for military housing on the peninsula, should provide jurisdictions with current and accurate information on housing demands, amount of housing provided by the installation, generalized income by rank, of personnel living off‐base, and current distribution data on off‐base personnel by zip code.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n POM
HA-3B: Establish a relationship with local realtor associations, landlords, local jurisdictions, and other related organizations to inform them about housing services that the Housing Office provides to military personnel.
Military Housing Offices should continue to build relationships with local realtor associations, property managers, local jurisdictions’ community development departments, community advocacy groups, and other related organizations to inform them about housing services that are provided to military personnel in the region. Develop an MOU between parties to formalize one-on-one quarterly meetings to discuss housing topics related to the military.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Military Housing
Offices
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Local realtor
associations,
property managers
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 291, Packet Page 483 7-20 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Housing Availability (HA)
n Local jurisdictions’
community
development
departments
n Community
advocacy groups
n Other related
organizations
HA-4: Childcare availability has the potential to impact the quality of life.
The POM has childcare options available for military and civilian personnel on-base. Staff shortages limit the availability of childcare at POM. Access to quality childcare can impact personnel retention at the Presidio and at DLFLIC.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-4A: Establish an inventory of home-based childcare opportunities.
POM and NSAM should compile a register of home-based childcare opportunities with detailed information on services provided, available hours, and cost; encourage local providers to update their listing annually; establish protocols for updating the register and sharing information through the regional military installations, and base orientation packets and with established web-based education tools and databanks.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe
Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
HA-4B: Conduct regular public awareness campaigns for childcare needs.
POM and NSAM should continue to conduct regular public awareness campaigns regarding the childcare needs of military families and the benefits of meeting those needs, including increased visibility in databanks, a permanent customer base, specialized training, support for accreditation/quality improvement efforts, and increased earning power due to specialized experience, training, etc. As a starting point, NSAM and POM should continue to share information from www.militarychildcare.com with local jurisdictions.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Local jurisdictions
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 292, Packet Page 484 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-21 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Housing Availability (HA)
HA-4C: Provide education on childcare needs.
POM and NSAM should continue to use provider listings, registers, databanks, orientation packets, and social media to highlight providers who can accommodate military-specific childcare needs.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
HA-4D: Work with the DoD to receive non-appropriated funding for childcare services and identify opportunities for increasing the childcare services workforce.
POM should work with the DoD to identify and take actions that could improve the probability of receiving funding to expand childcare services and associated employment at POM.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n DoD
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
HA-5: Education in the North County Study Area can impact quality of life and thus impact retention and recruitment.
The quality of primary and secondary schools in the region may impact the quality of life for personnel families. This could ultimately have impacts on retention and recruitment to the area.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-5A: Include school districts and higher education institutions in coordination efforts regarding compatible planning and recruitment efforts for military installations.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should include local districts and higher education institutions when discussing efforts to plan or compatible land uses around schools and when discussing efforts to recruit and retain military personnel and civilian professionals in the region to support the military. School districts should be invited to these meetings to discuss educational programs and opportunities for students. Coordination efforts related to NSAM should include the Navy School Liaison.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working Group
and/or local
agencies
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 293, Packet Page 485 7-22 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Strategy Type Timeframe
Partner(s)
n Local school districts
n Higher education
institutions
Housing Availability (HA)
HA-5B: Provide education information to incoming families.
In conjunction with Strategy HA-4B, POM and NSAM officials should work with education institutions to receive information about their facilities and provide incoming families with this information earlier in the relocation process to ensure families are receiving information on educational opportunities as soon as possible.
Coordination efforts related to NSAM should include the Navy and Army School Liaisons. Information sharing events should continue to include Leisure Fair and orientations.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Local school districts
n Higher education
institutions
HA-5C: Develop a community survey to determine school quality perceptions.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities, in coordination with the Army school liaison and school districts, should determine if there is a need for the development of a community survey to determine if there is a wide discrepancy between the perception of school quality and school performance grades. If needed, develop a public information campaign to improve understanding of how school achievement profiles are derived and of actual school performance grades.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
n Army school liaison
n Regional school
districts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM for resource
information
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 294, Packet Page 486 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-23 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Land & Air Space Competition (LAS)
LAS-1: Increased use of civilian unmanned aircraft systems in the future could impact military operations and generate security concerns.
It is likely that both military and civilian use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) will increase in the future. Civilian use of UAS can cause safety and security concerns for the military if UASs are flown close to or over any of the military installations located on the peninsula. While not yet considered a significant issue, the potential for intentional or unintentional UAS flights over military bases is a stated security concern of the Navy.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
LAS-1A: Enhance public awareness of safe drone use around military installations.
Communities and military installations should continue to educate the community on safe drone use. The military installation's Public Affairs Office should include a drone use flyer and a link to FAA resources on the main POM and NSAM webpage and social media webpages. POM and NSAM should distribute informational materials for safe drone use to communities and encourage communities and other partners to include this information on their respective websites. POM and NSAM should also communicate penalties for the misuse of drones within restricted airspace. Communities should evaluate best practices for information sharing.
Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
n NSAM
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public agencies
as needed
LAS-1B: Educate commercial users of FAA drone regulations.
Communities should continue to educate commercial UAS operators of the FAA LAANC, Operations Over People rule, and Part 107 waiver/authorizations.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public agencies
as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 295, Packet Page 487 7-24 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Land Use (LU)
LU-1: Growth in surrounding communities could lead to land use encroachment.
There is potential for future growth in surrounding communities to encroach the POM, NSA Monterey, and DMDC. Encroachment is generally understood as ground-level horizontal development and use of land near military facilities; however, encroachment can also take a more vertical form with the development of taller buildings near military installations and access control points. This potential is particularly evident around the Presidio and NPS.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
LU-1A: Update the Monterey Regional Airport Master Plan to include guidelines related to compatibility with surrounding military installations.
The Monterey Regional Airport should coordinate with POM and NSAM when updating the airport master plan to include guidelines related to compatibility with the military installations. The airport should continue to notify the military installations of opportunities to review and comment on the master plan updates, including public meetings, as well as changes in flight paths, approach and departure zones, and other pertinent changes in airport operations.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
Airport
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
LU-1B: Update community planning documents with relevant Military Influence Areas.
Communities should consider including the MIAs overlays that are identified in the Monterey Regional CUS in community planning documents to identify areas of military activities to bring awareness of military activities to developers. The MIAs will only include information that it pertinent to compatibility planning and will not include military sensitive information.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
community
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
LU-1C: Prepare and execute formal Memoranda of Agreement for development proposal review.
Communities should consider developing and adopting a MOA with POM and NSAM that establishes and formalizes the review process for certain types of Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
community
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 296, Packet Page 488 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-25 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Land Use (LU)
development proposals, rezoning applications, and other land use policies or regulatory changes that may impact the military mission at military facilities. The MOA should define an effective communication and coordination process.
Timelines for review should conform to existing community processes for review and comment processes. The MOA may include:
n Definitions of projects that require review
n Definitions of projects that require military participation at pre-application meetings
n Points of contact necessary for coordinating reviews
n A formal procedure for requesting and receiving comments from military installations
n A mechanism for military installations to present comments and relevant information as needed
n A standard timeline for responses, with consideration for mandated review time periods as specified by state law and/or local procedures n Mandated notice to POM and NSAM regarding all public hearings for projects that require review.
The MOA should also state that POM and NSAM may provide technical information on development proposals, but may not directly vote to approve, conditionally approve, or deny a rezoning, project, or development application/proposal. n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe
LU-1D: Add a “Military Element” to general plans to include policies promoting form-based compatible development around all
military installations.
Communities should consider developing a “Military Element” as an update to General Plans. This element should include a description of POM, NSAM, and its facilities, the military activities that occur there, the relationship between the community and the military, and establish policies for coordinating with the military and promoting form-based compatible development around POM, NSAM, and its facilities. Information about military facilities and operations should be vetted by the respective military branches prior to public distribution.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 297, Packet Page 489 7-26 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Land Use (LU)
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 298, Packet Page 490 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-27 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Public Trespassing (PT)
PT-1: Trespassing at NSA Monterey and the OMC is of concern.
There have been instances of unintentional trespassing at NSA Monterey and OMC due to the lack of security fencing around some areas, as well as reported intentional intrusions of secure areas.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
PT-1A: Consider establishing full perimeter fence and signage around OMC.
POM should continue efforts to secure the installation with a full security fence line with signage around OMC. The following should be considered for the fencing and signage:
n Improve maintenance of existing perimeter fencing to provide timely replacement or repair of damaged sections
n Consider expanding perimeter fencing to unfenced areas n Ensure placement and maintenance of perimeter signage is adequately placed and spaced along the perimeter fence
n Post signage along the fence line to identify the installation boundary n Work with the Monterey County Sheriff’s Department to patrol areas experiencing repeat trespass
n Work with Monterey County to remove or block parking areas frequented by those trespassing on the installation
n Continue police and security patrolling along the fenceline Responsible Party(ies)
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Monterey County
PT-1B: Post signage along the NSAM fenceline.
NSAM should develop and post signage that is adequately placed and spaced along the NSAM fenceline to notify the public of the NSAM presence and requirements to enter. Signage should be placed in other highly visible areas to indicate where land is part of a military installation and where trespassing is prohibited. NSAM should consider routinely patrolling the fenceline to ensure that are no attempted intrusions.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 299, Packet Page 491 7-28 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Resiliency (RE)
RE-1: There is a concern about the potential risk from wildland fires in the North County Study Area.
The North County Study Area is a mixture of urbanized areas and less developed open space that constitutes a WUI in several locations with risk of wildland fire impacts Recommended Strategy(ies)
RE-1A: Develop a water contingency plan.
The Monterey Peninsula Water Management District, Marina Coast Water District, Marina One Water, and CalAm should work with DMDC to develop a contingency plan for lift stations to provide water to DMDC in the event of emergencies, including wildland fires. Local fire departments should be included to provide consultation related to emergency management.
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Peninsula
Water Management
District
n Marina Coast Water
District
n Marina One Water
n CalAm
n DMDC
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Local fire
departments
RE-1B: Coordinate solutions for power/water outages
Conduct an annual regional interagency (civil-military) tabletop exercise to address long-duration regional power/water outages. Consider additional training drills to determine exercise effectiveness.
Responsible Party(ies)
n NSAM
n POM
n Monterey Regional
CUS jurisdictions
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 300, Packet Page 492 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-29 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Resiliency (RE)
RE-1C: Coordinate with American Indian Tribes for regional wildfire planning.
Regional fire agencies, jurisdictions, and American Indian Tribes should coordinate regional wildfire planning efforts. Regional fire agencies and jurisdictions should consult with American Indian Tribes for fire management practices as well as the identification of sacred land and resources to avoid impacts to these resources during fire management practices.
Responsible Parties
n Regional fire
agencies
n Jurisdictions
n American Indian
Tribes
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
RE-1D: Include military installations in fire protection plan updates.
Jurisdictions should continue to involve neighboring military installations in future updates of fire protection plans and should establish benchmarks for ensuring that plans are being executed. Through these plans, the cities and counties should include considerations for practicing cross-installation and cross-jurisdiction annual evacuation training. Additional agencies and organizations may be included as appropriate.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey Regional
partner communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
RE-1E: Identify a project for FEMA BRIC grant funding.
Monterey County and other partner communities should identify a project to assist with evacuation routes in the event of a natural disaster around military installations in both project study areas, and prepare an application package for grant funding through the FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Program to complete the project. Potential impacts could include transportation rerouting and/or a destination plan for major traffic corridors that are impacted by natural disasters.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n FEMA
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 301, Packet Page 493 7-30 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Resiliency (RE)
RE-1F: Apply for the National Coastal Resilience Fund grant for fire resiliency.
Monterey County and other partner communities should coordinate and apply for the National Coastal Resilience Fund grants through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for fire resiliency. Potential projects could include invasive special control for wildfire resiliency and/or the creation of buffer zones and fire breaks near military facilities. This should be done in consultation with the Navy and Army.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey County
n Partner communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n USFWS
RE-1G: Coordinate future updates to the regional Hazard Mitigation Plan.
For all Monterey County MJHMP updates, Monterey County should identify the specific role and function of military installations as it pertains to the safety of the region. This should include clearly delineated evacuation routes.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey County
n Partner communities
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies
as needed
RE-2: There is a need for efficient evacuation routes out of the peninsula.
A well-coordinated mass evacuation processes between military installations and communities on the Monterey Peninsula is needed to prepare for potential hazardous events.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RE-2A: Coordinate future updates to the regional Hazard Mitigation Plan.
For all Monterey County MJHMP updates, Monterey County should identify the specific role and function of military installations as it pertains to regional evacuation. This should include clearly delineated emergency evacuation routes, emergency request protocol, and traffic control across POM.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey County
n Partner communities
n POM
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 302, Packet Page 494 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-31 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Resiliency (RE)
RE-2B: Continue to exercise emergency notification and request procedures for activation of evacuation routes across POM.
This should include exercise of gate opening and Army traffic control of on-base routes annually.
Responsible Parties
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Monterey County
n Partner communities
RE-2C: Conduct annual civil-military interagency regional evacuation tabletop exercise with NSA Monterey and POM.
Monterey Regional CUS stakeholders should conduct an annual civil-military interagency regional evacuation tabletop exercise.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey Regional
CUS stakeholders
n NSAM
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
RE-3: Erosion and sea level rise can lead to coastal flooding and inundation issues at military facilities on the peninsula.
One of the highest erosion rates in the country is at the Beach Lab at NSA Monterey. Unabated erosion can result in flooding, inundation and subsidence issues at facilities, particularly the unmanned vehicle facility, as water levels rise.
Recommended Strategy
RE-3A: Identify a project for FEMA BRIC Grant Funding.
Identify a project to assist with erosion nearby the Beach Lab at NSAM and prepare an application package for grant funding through the FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Program to complete the project. A potential project could include beach nourishment.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 303, Packet Page 495 7-32 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Resiliency (RE)
RE-4: State-wide drought conditions undermine resiliency.
Drought conditions throughout California continue to be an issue for military resiliency due to limited water availability and increased wildfire risks.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RE-4A: Coordinate regionally for water availability.
POM and NSAM should coordinate with Monterey Peninsula Water Management District, Marina Coast Water District, local, regional, and state water supply providers, and permitting agencies to ensure the continued availability of adequate potable water supplies in emergency situations.
Responsible Parties
n POM
n NSAM
n Monterey Peninsula
Water Management
District
n Marina Coast Water
District
Strategy Type Timeframe
RE-5: There is a need for power redundancy and resiliency at NSA Monterey.
Energy/power, and water redundancies are needed at NSA Monterey to ensure that the installation is resilient into the future.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RE-5A: Develop a Regional Military Installation Resiliency (MIR) Plan.
NSAM and POM should develop a Regional Military Installation Resiliency Plan to develop and implement a series of recommendations that make military installations and the defense community more resilient to natural and man-made disasters. The Installation Resiliency Plan should identify requirements of critical assets, identify mission-critical activities for installations and surrounding communities, define interdependent infrastructure relationships and essential needs, develop opportunity costs for the implementation of resilient technologies, and develop metrics with which success can be measured for implementation. A Regional MIR could assess infrastructure plans, Sea Level Rise and potential mission impacts and assist jurisdictions in pursuit of grant programs like the Defense Community Infrastructure Program (DCIP) for project funding that supports the community and the military mission.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey Regional
CUS stakeholders
n NSAM
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n OLDCC
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 304, Packet Page 496 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-33 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Resiliency (RE)
RE-6: The Monterey Peninsula lacks redundancy for groundwater production in the area.
The North County Study Area currently lacks redundant or backup groundwater production wells that can be placed in service if an existing production well fails or must be removed from service for an extended period of time. The lack of redundancy can result in impacts to military operations and community services.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RE-6A: Develop redundant groundwater production capacity.
As part of the development of an MIR Plan, military installations and water districts and service providers should collaborate for redundant water production capacity and potentially leverage federal resiliency funding opportunities (BRIC and DCIP).
Responsible Party(ies)
n Monterey Peninsula
Water Management
District
n Marina Coast
Water District
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n POM
n NSAM
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 305, Packet Page 497 7-34 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Roadway Capacity (RC)
RC-1: Traffic congestion at installation entrances in the North County Study Area.
There is traffic congestion at POM and NSA Monterey entrances, including on Lighthouse and Sloat Avenues. Congestion could be exacerbated if gates do not comply with current military requirements.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RC-1A: Advocate for a turn lane.
NSAM should continue to advocate the City of Monterey for a left-hand turn lane at the intersection of Del Monte Avenue and Sloat Avenue. Consider preparing a project for future Defense Critical Infrastructure Program (DCIP) opportunities to address the roadway improvement.
Responsible Parties
n NSAM
n City of Monterey
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Caltrans
RC-1B: Continue to stagger class times.
POM should continue to work with the DLIFLC to stagger start times for classes to limit traffic in the area at any given time. The decision-making process for determining class times should consider related impacts to operational cost.
Responsible Parties
n NSAM
n DLIFLC
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n City of Monterey
n MRTA
RC-1C: Include a NSAM and POM ex-oficio member on the AMBAG Board.
AMBAG should consider including a NSAM and POM ex-oficio member on the AMBAG Board to discuss transportation topics related to the installations.
Responsible Parties
n AMBAG
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM
n POM
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 306, Packet Page 498 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-35 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Roadway Capacity (RC)
RC-1D: Enhance bicycle network to alleviate congestion.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should regionally identify an agency to improve and extend active transportation options around and outside of the NSAM boundary. Other partners should include Caltrans, AMBAG, and surrounding cities. NSAM should be included to provide feedback on proposed routes improvements and extensions.
Responsible Parties
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM
RC-1E: Initiate the development of a traffic engineering study.
POM should develop a traffic engineering study to address roadway access into POM. POM should consider involving Monterey, Pacific Grove, and Caltrans in the development of the traffic study.
Responsible Parties
n POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Monterey
n Pacific Grove
n Caltrans
RC-2: Limited transit options to and from military installations create commuting concerns.
Some Monterey-Salinas Transit routes are suspended due to the impacts of COVID-19, which may affect transportation choices for long distance commuters working on military installations in the North County Study Area.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RC-2A: Coordinate with MST, TAMC, and Caltrans.
Military installations should notify and inform MST, TAMC, and Caltrans of changes at their respective installations that may impact the public transit and State Highway system as early in the planning process as possible. Include other agencies, as appropriate, for related partnerships. Military installations should also collaborate with local transportation agencies to promote active and alternative transportation strategies as advocated by DoD guidance as part of the Department’s sustainability goals.
Responsible Parties
n NSAM
n POM
n MST
n TAMC
n Caltrans
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n CSUMB
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 307, Packet Page 499 7-36 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Roadway Capacity (RC)
RC-3: Parking on-base can have impacts on parking conditions and congestion in the surrounding community.
Efficient parking near key facilities on POM is limited, which can impact transportation choices for those commuting to POM. This could also impact parking conditions outside of the POM fence line, as well as congestion in and outside of POM. Parking strategies should also encourage transportation alternatives that do not require parking, such as active and alternative transportation.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
RC-3A: Perform a parking study.
The POM should work with surrounding communities to conduct a parking study for the area around POM and propose a new parking plan based on the outcome to address parking conditions inside and outside the POM fenceline. Topics to be addressed should include:
n Transportation Demand Management
n Enhanced efficiencies in existing parking areas
n Creation of new parking to create new capacity in the area n Evaluate no parking areas in connection with the sensitivity of uses on POM n Evaluate the control of parking oversized vehicles along the fenceline n Evaluate the use of resident permits for parking in certain areas Responsible Parties
n POM
n Cities surrounding
POM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n POM
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 308, Packet Page 500 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-37 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Public Services (PS)
PS-1: Accidents along Highway 1 illustrate force protection vulnerability along the NSAM fenceline.
Accidents on Highway 1 can compromise force protection along the southern boundary of the NPS. Additionally, this vulnerability presents a force protection concern for NSA Monterey.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
PS-1A: Improve roadway conditions along Highway 1.
Continue to work with Caltrans to assess, design, fund, and install a transportation improvement to keep vehicles from crashing into the NSAM perimeter fence.
Coordinate with Caltrans to program the improvement project in the state transportation capital improvement plan.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Caltrans
Partner(s)
n NSAM
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
PS-1B: Identify short term temporary solutions.
Caltrans should consider short-term temporary solutions to mitigate accidents on Highway 1, such as placing jersey barriers along the shoulder of the highway, while permanent solutions are being determined. This should be done in coordination with NSAM.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Caltrans
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 309, Packet Page 501 7-38 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Public Services (PS)
PS-2: Opportunity exists to enhance interagency emergency response time and capability among POM, Monterey County, and surrounding communities.
The existing separation of emergency dispatch centers and radio communications channels can create delays and inefficiencies in emergency response. Combined with integrated jurisdictions and physically separated Army and Navy installations separate channels of operational communications may not be as effective as unified dispatch and radio communications.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
PS-2A: Integrate dispatch operations.
Consider integration with Monterey County regional 911 dispatch center for military and community fire departments, law enforcement and EMS agencies.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey County
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n POM
n NSAM
PS-3: Existing POM Police facility at OMC may not be an optimal location.
The existing POM Police station is located on the OMC near Campus Town in the City of Seaside. This location is geographically separated from the Presidio installation, which may reduce the efficiency of police response to POM and creates the perception that federal police can respond to all incidents within the City of Seaside.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
PS-3A: Develop a regional training institute for fire and emergency medical services training.
Consider developing a regional training institute for fire training for military and community fire departments, law enforcement and EMS agencies.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 310, Packet Page 502 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-39 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Water Quality & Quantity (WQQ)
WQQ-1: There is concern regarding the limited availability of potable water supplies in the North County Study Area.
The ongoing drought in California, along with the impacts associated with regulatory mandated changes to sources of raw water for the North County Study Area is severely limiting the availability of potable water. Local jurisdictions and military installations are challenged to ensure adequate water supply to meet current demands. This constrains future economic development and military mission expansion.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
WQQ-1A: Investigate opportunities for use of water allocation associated with the former Fort Ord to support new Army missions or mission expansion.
The Army, MCWD and CalAm should investigate opportunities to allow the use of a portion of the Army’s water allocation associated with the former Fort Ord to support new missions or mission expansion at Army facilities in the study area, including the POM. In addition, the Army and Navy should evaluate the desirability and feasibility of using a portion of the Army’s water allocation associated with the former Fort Ord to support new missions or mission expansion at Navy facilities in the region, including the Naval Support
Activity Monterey.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Army
n Navy
n Marina Coast
Water District
n CalAm
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 311, Packet Page 503 7-40 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Water Quality & Quantity (WQQ)
WQQ-1B: Work with the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District, Monterey One Water (M1W), CalAM, and MCWD to expand the near/midterm water supply portfolio of technology-based regional solutions.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should collaborate with MPWMD, Monterey One Water, CalAm, and MCWD to pursue technology-based solutions to achieve sustainable and cost-effective water supply sources. The potential solutions should be evaluated and selected in terms of near to mid-term timeframes (20-year outlook). The protection of existing groundwater source supplies should be ensured to prevent impacts to constrained military installations and communities within the project area.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MPWMD
n Monterey One
Water
n California
American Water
Company
WQQ-1C: Pursue use of more recycled water.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should collaborate with the MPWMD, Monterey One Water, CalAm, and the MCWD to maximize reuse of unused water sources, such as available wastewater. The recycling of treated wastewater, as part of Pure Water Monterey, should be emphasized as a sustainable source of potable water.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MPWMD,
Monterey One
Water
n CalAm
n Marina Coast
Water District
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 312, Packet Page 504 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-41 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Water Quality & Quantity (WQQ)
WQQ-1D: Use of Aquifer Storage and Recovery.
The region should continue to pursue the initiative to “recharge” the Seaside Groundwater Basin with excess water flow from the Carmel River, recycled water from the Pure Water Monterey Project, and other potential sources.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partners
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
WQQ-1E: Explore opportunities for a small-scale desalination project.
The Army and Navy could explore a small-scale desalination project to provide redundant water supplies for the POM and NSAM to minimize impacts to the community during water shortage periods. The potential benefit and economic feasibility of this strategy would depend on the outcome of larger regional strategy implementation designed to address water demands across the peninsula.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Army
n Navy
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
WQQ-1F: Partner with jurisdictions and environmental organizations to continue to enhance water conservation efforts.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should work with the MPWMD, CalAm, Monterey One Water, Marina Coast Water District, and other key environmental organizations to identify new strategies and enhance existing efforts for water conservation in the region.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MPWMD
n CalAm, Monterey
One Water
n Marina Coast
Water District
n Other key
environmental
organizations
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 313, Packet Page 505 7-42 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Water Quality & Quantity (WQQ)
WQQ-2: The requirement for water-use credits impacts future economic development and military operations in the North County Study Area.
In an effort to ensure current water supplies can meet current and near-future demands, the MPWMD and affected jurisdictions have implemented regulations that require the availability of water use credits for new/modified water usage. This requirement impacts economic development and military installation development in the region.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
WQQ-2A: Consider additional flexibility in the transfer of water-use credits to enable sustainable and equitable development of requisite regional affordable housing supply.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should collaborate with water districts and service providers to pursue regional policy solutions to achieve sustainable supply of clean water resources. Additional flexibility regarding the use and transfer of water credits could potentially enable reasonable and controlled growth for military installation missions and community development.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MPWMD
WQQ-2B: Enact the use of defense reserve water rights for workforce housing.
The DoD should consider invoking its Federal Reserved Groundwater Rights for the use of workforce housing in support of military base requirements. The DoD should pursue agreement with MCWD and CalAm, and seek approval from Monterey County Water Resources Agency.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n DoD
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 314, Packet Page 506 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-43 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Water Quality & Quantity (WQQ)
WQQ-2C: Implement separate water allocation for NSAM (Navy), POM (Army) and U.S. Coast Guard facilities.
The MPWMD has stated its intent to separate the military allocations, under Ordinance 187, from the local jurisdictions for purposes of water allocation. All military installations should ensure their water allocation from MPWMD is adequate for current and known future needs. In addition, to the extent possible, the military should negotiate for additional future water allocation to help enable potential mission expansion at their respective facilities.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n MPWMD
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n NSAM
n POM
WQQ-3: There are concerns regarding the groundwater contamination cleanup at the former Fort Ord site.
Groundwater and soil contamination cleanup has been underway at the former Fort Ord site as a Superfund Site since 1990. More recently, PFAS contaminants have been identified in the groundwater at the site.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
WQQ-3A: Evaluate the need for additional groundwater production wells.
Water districts and service providers should continually evaluate the need for additional groundwater production and evaluate the need to drill replacement production wells if needed and in their area of responsibility to ensure adequate groundwater production levels can be maintained in the event an existing production well fails or is removed from service.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Water districts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n EPA
n U.S. Army
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 315, Packet Page 507 7-44 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies
7.4 South County Potential Strategies
Communication & Coordination (COM)
COM-1: There is limited established routine communication between military installations and surrounding communities.
While there is generally good communication and coordination between military installations and neighboring community governments, not all processes are formalized. This could lead to inconsistent planning and coordination when there are changes in staff at military installations or local governments.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
COM-1A: The region should consider establishing a regional working group and/or ask local communities to monitor CUS implementation and address future compatibility findings that may arise within southern Monterey County and north San Luis Obispo County.
Following the completion of the Monterey Regional CUS, a Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities could be established to:
n Overseeing the implementation of the MRCUS South County strategies n Maintaining efficient and effective coordination among the MRCUS partners and other affected stakeholders
n Enhancing long-term coordination on military compatibility findings As a starting point, all members of the current CUS Working Groups should be invited to be the initial members of a Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group. The membership may evolve, and new stakeholder groups may be invited to join, as may be appropriate in the future. The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group should meet regularly, as agreed upon by the Working Group. If this option does not work, the local agencies should develop an alternative strategy to collaborate.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Groups and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
COM-1B: The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should consider developing a charter for the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 316, Packet Page 508 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-45 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Communication & Coordination (COM)
Members of the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should consider developing a charter and other guiding documents that formalize the group. The charter and related documents should define the following variables at a minimum:
n Working Group mission, purpose, and initial objectives n Working Group structure and membership
n Membership directory with points of contact for each partner organization n Member roles and responsibilities in addressing compatibility findings n Meeting frequency and protocols
n Triggers for coordination and communication (e.g., infrastructure planning, alternative energy development proposals, economic development opportunities, mission changes, etc.)
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
COM-1C: *Formalize communication between Camp Roberts, Fort Hunter Liggett, and surrounding communities.
Camp Roberts and FHL should provide updated information to the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities when changes in operations or circumstances result in the need to update or modify one of the MIA boundaries. The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities could be responsible for making a recommendation to members to incorporate these changes into appropriate plans, regulations, and policies.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
n Fort Hunter Liggett
Partner(s)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe
COM-1D: Enhanced Camp Roberts and FHL Outreach Program.
Camp Roberts and FHL should enhance their outreach program to provide additional information to local communities and the public, including:
n Enhanced information website, providing information on upcoming training activities, prescribed burns, recreational access, and other appropriate materials.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
n Fort Hunter Liggett
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 317, Packet Page 509 7-46 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Communication & Coordination (COM)
n Provide enhanced notification of significant new construction projects or changes in mission.
n As part of the outreach program, Camp Roberts should host regularly scheduled open houses for the public to provide an overview of training activities, construction, or other items of public interest. This forum should also allow residents the opportunity to comment on concerns. An open house on an annual basis would be appropriate.
n Develop an e‐mail list that the public can sign up for online and provide notification of significant training exercises or other items of public interest.
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n MBDA
COM-2: There is no standing forum for coordination between military installations and surrounding communities.
There is currently no standing, regular forum that is dedicated to coordination between military installations and the surrounding communities.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
COM-2A: *Establish procedures for plan review and comment.
Camp Roberts and FHL should consider working with local jurisdictions and relevant agencies to establish procedures for consultation between the base and local jurisdictions relative to planning review and comment.
This will include:
n Provide technical input and assistance to local jurisdictions to support the discussion of projects and potential compatibility findings n Definition of project types that require review
n Identification of the Points of Contact for all coordination n Identify opportunities for Camp Roberts and FHL personnel to be involved in pre‐application meetings for significant projects
n Establish a formal procedure for requesting and receiving comments n Establish a standard timeline for responses, keeping in mind mandated review time periods as specified by State law and local procedures n Develop an outreach plan
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
n Fort Hunter Liggett
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 318, Packet Page 510 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-47 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Communication & Coordination (COM)
n Provide notice to Camp Roberts on all public hearings regarding projects identified for coordination
While consultation is expected to occur primarily on projects in the defined Military Influence Areas, the installation should establish contacts and procedures for receiving notices and review opportunities on significant regional projects inside of the MIAs. Procedures should be reviewed annually and updated as appropriate by the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities.
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
COM-2B: *Refer NEPA/CEQA documents to local jurisdictions.
Refer to affected local jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations’ notice of all NEPA and/or CEQA documentation, except for categorical exemptions, or as otherwise defined by the Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities, for comment.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
COM-2C: Create an interactive web-based GIS portal for regional coordination that is hosted by a regional council of governments.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should work with a regional planning agency to create an interactive web-based GIS portal to assist with regional coordination between communities in the study area and regional military installations. The Monterey Regional CUS partner communities should work to identify the jurisdiction or agency, such as AMBAG or SLOCOG, that will create and maintain the GIS portal to share up-to-date and pertinent GIS data, such as existing land use, zoning, no-drone zones around military installations, and other pertinent Monterey Regional CUS -related geospatial data, that is hosted on the GIS portal. The portal should be publicly accessible and serve as a tool to promote enhanced, long-range, and coordinated compatibility planning, and may also include a development review and zoning change notification system. Monterey Regional Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
Implementation
Working Group
and/or local
communities
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 319, Packet Page 511 7-48 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Communication & Coordination (COM)
CUS partners should assist with disseminating information about how to access and use the portal.
Protocol for accessing and updating information should be developed to ensure information accuracy. For example, when missing or new GIS data is identified, the appropriate party should notify the identified jurisdiction or agency to make the necessary updates to the GIS portal. Appropriate security measures should also be established to maintain the portal's integrity and effectiveness and to ensure that proprietary information from each agency is not shared.
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n AMBAG
n SLOCOG
n Monterey Regional
CUS partners
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 320, Packet Page 512 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-49 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Cultural Resources (CR)
CR-1: Concern with differing Tribal consultation requirements.
Federal and California requirements for consulting with American Indian Tribes can be different depending on the government agencies and public organizations involved. This can impact how cultural resource management activities are handled for archeological sites and historic properties in the study area.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
CR-1A: Include American Indian Tribes in the development review process.
Local jurisdictions should include American Indian Tribes for consultation when needed and/or appropriate in the development review process.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
n American Indian
Tribes
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 321, Packet Page 513 7-50 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Energy Development (ED)
ED-1: There is potential for alternative energy development in surrounding communities to impact aviation and electromagnetic operations at Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett.
Certain types of solar facilities have reflective materials that can create glint and glare and impact aviation and electromagnetic operations. If large solar developments in the community are not coordinated properly to identify potential impacts to Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett, incompatible types of solar facilities may be constructed.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
ED-1A: Require coordination with the Military Aviation and Installation Assurance Siting Clearinghouse.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities’ planning policies, regulations, and documents (e.g., community general plans, zoning codes, alternative energy regulations) should require coordination with the Clearinghouse and align local energy development application requirements and processes with Clearinghouse requirements and processes. Per Title 32, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 211, the DoD advises early submission of alternative energy project proposals to the Clearinghouse for a review of project compatibility with local military missions and operational needs. It is further recommended that when Monterey Regional CUS partners become aware of any alternative energy development projects within their jurisdiction, they should inform the developer of the requirement to coordinate with the Clearinghouse.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 322, Packet Page 514 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-51 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Frequency Spectrum Capacity (FSC)
FSC-1: Frequency encroachment potential at Camp Roberts.
There is potential for electronic encroachment from surrounding communities to impact the military operations at Camp Roberts.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
FSC-1A: Coordinate with military installations when updating regional and local utility service plans.
Local and regional utility providers should continue to coordinate with military installations when updating utility master plans and maps. Service plans should be updated in accordance with Monterey Regional CUS recommendations to encourage future energy infrastructure extensions to be contained within established corridors.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Local and regional
utility providers
n Camp Roberts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 323, Packet Page 515 7-52 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Housing Availability (HA)
HA-1: There is a concern about regional housing affordability throughout the South County Study Area.
Regional rent and home prices continue to increase in the South County Study Area. Increasing housing rents and prices could present challenges for military personnel and other community members when looking for housing.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-1A: *Incorporate military housing information in General Plan Housing Elements.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities and/or local jurisdictions should include a discussion of military housing needs and programs to address housing needs in their respective general plan updates. Camp Roberts should provide jurisdictions with current information on housing demands, amount of housing provided by the installation, generalized income, by rank, of personnel living off‐ base, and current distribution data on off‐base personnel by zip code.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
n Camp Roberts
Strategy Type Timeframe
HA-1B: Establish a quarterly meeting between military installations and the development community to discuss military housing needs.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should establish a quarterly meeting with the residential development community to discuss military housing needs. The meetings should include representatives from the military installations’ Housing Offices. Information shared at these meetings should include the types of housing military personnel are looking for including the number of bedrooms needed, the number of short-term rentals needed if applicable, the population of personnel and dependents that require off-base housing, and other pertinent information.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Military installation
Housing Offices
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 324, Packet Page 516 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-53 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Housing Availability (HA)
HA-2: There is a lack of housing availability in the community to relative to military needs.
Camp Roberts has a lack of on-base housing, which creates an issue of housing availability, especially as Camp Roberts is located in a remote location.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
HA-2A: Communicate military housing needs.
Military Housing Offices should continue to routinely communicate housing needs to surrounding cities, real estate associations, and landlords. This information should include where military personnel desire to rent/own, and timeframes and quantities for known incoming military personnel. This should also include the distribution of military housing analysis studies. Surrounding communities should work with the Military Housing Office to address housing needs.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Military installation
Housing Offices
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Surrounding
communities
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 325, Packet Page 517 7-54 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Infrastructure Extensions (IE)
IE-1: Intergovernmental Support Agreement between the community and military.
The City of King City is actively pursuing an IGSA with FHL for the operation of the FHL wastewater treatment facility and has informally partnered with FHL to provide extended rail transportation infrastructure that would enhance the training and readiness capabilities of FHL.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
IE-1A: Recommend continued ongoing collaboration to achieve IGSA for FHL wastewater treatment facility.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n King City
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 326, Packet Page 518 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-55 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Land Use (LU)
LU-1: Growth in surrounding communities could lead to land use encroachment on tank trail from Camp Roberts to Fort Hunter Liggett.
There is potential for future growth in surrounding communities to encroach the Camp Roberts and FHL installation fence lines and tank trail that connects Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
LU-1A: Consider developing Installation Compatible Use Zone studies.
Camp Roberts and FHL should consider developing Installation Compatible Use Zone (ICUZ) studies to address compatibility related to air operations at their respective airfield and heliport. Camp Roberts and FHL should include the surrounding communities, the Monterey County Airport Land Use Commission, and the San Luis Obispo County Airport Land Use Commission in the development of these plans.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
n Fort Hunter Liggett
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Surrounding
communities
n Monterey County
Airport Land Use
Commission
n San Luis Obispo
County Airport
Land Use
Commission
LU-1B: Develop a Military Activity Overlay Zone to protect Tank Trail and other noise sensitive areas.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should consider developing a military activity overlay zone (MAOZ) to cover the existing tank trail connecting Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett. This MAOZ would identify priority areas for the application of other strategies such as conservation easements, signage, and disclosures.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Camp Roberts
n Fort Hunter Liggett
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 327, Packet Page 519 7-56 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Land Use (LU)
LU-1C: Acquire conservation easements.
Camp Roberts and FHL should partner with local governments and conservation agencies for the acquisition and maintenance of conservation easements in areas:
n Within Surface Danger Zones (SDZs) that are not over land controlled by Camp Roberts
n Within Clear Zones / Accident Potential Zones for active airfields n Areas exposed to high levels of noise
n Other areas determined to have compatibility or operational issues, such as the tank trail that connects Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
n Fort Hunter Liggett
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n local governments
n conservation
agencies
LU-1D: Pursue a Sentinel Landscape designation.
The Monterey Regional Implementation Working Group and/or local communities should work with US Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife, California Fish and Wildlife, California Department of Parks and Recreation, Camp Roberts, Fort Hunter Liggett, Monterey County, and other relevant agencies and organizations to pursue a Sentinel Landscape designation to secure conservation easements and to provide incentives to protect natural areas with the intent of sustaining military readiness and natural resources in the region. The Sentinel Landscape Partnership Program encourages federal, local, and private collaboration to promote natural resource sustainability in areas surrounding military installations. This program assists in developing partnerships and opportunities to benefit national defense and local economies through the conservation of natural resources.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS Working
Group and/or
local communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n US Forest Service
n US Fish and
Wildlife
n California Fish and
Wildlife
n California
Department of
Parks and
Recreation
n Camp Roberts
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 328, Packet Page 520 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-57 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Land Use (LU)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
Monterey County
LU-1E: Align Monterey County agriculture conservation program with military compatibility goals
Monterey County should continue establishing conservation easements for agriculture and should expand those efforts to the areas near FHL to limit development encroachments. The county should consider partnering with FHL to achieve these conservation easements REPI programs, which should be aligned with fire protection zones.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey County
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
LU-1F: *Update general plans to include military compatibility planning information and policies.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities and/or affected jurisdictions should incorporate goals and policies related to military compatibility planning into their respective general plans. Updates should also include applicable maps such as the tank trail, noise MIA, etc.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n Camp Roberts
LU-1G: Consider including military review of subdivision regulations.
Affected jurisdictions should consider updating their respective subdivision regulations to include an opportunity for Camp Roberts and FHL to review subdivision proposals before they are approved.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n Camp Roberts
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 329, Packet Page 521 7-58 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Land Use (LU)
LU-1H: *Consider acquiring land outright via fee simple acquisition for sellers who are willing.
Camp Roberts and FHL should examine the potential for acquisition on a case-bycase basis and pursue as a market transaction between Camp Roberts or FHL and a willing seller (not through eminent domain). Areas for consideration include:
n Within SDZs that are not over land controlled by Camp Roberts or Fort Hunter Liggett
n Within Clear Zones / Accident Potential Zones for active airfields n Areas exposed to high levels of noise
n Other areas determined to have compatibility or operational issues such as the tank trail connecting road.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n Camp Roberts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 330, Packet Page 522 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-59 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Light & Glare (LG)
LG-1: Potential for glint and glare from development in the community to impact operations at Camp Roberts.
Increased development in the surrounding communities can lead to more materials that create glint and glare. This can impact aviation nighttime operations at Camp Roberts.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
LG-1A: *Develop lighting regulations.
Jurisdictions surrounding Camp Roberts should consider amending their respective codes to include standard lighting regulations that are consistent with the Dark Sky Model Lighting Ordinance, to support nighttime operations at Camp Roberts.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Surrounding
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Camp Roberts
LG-1B: *Conduct a glare study about the use of certain reflective building materials.
Jurisdictions surrounding Camp Roberts should work with Camp Roberts to conduct a study about the impacts of certain reflective building materials, i.e., reflective or mirrored glass, on operations at Camp Roberts. The study should identify at a minimum the following:
n Building materials that have the greatest impact on pilot vision and/or nighttime operations
n Time of day the impact is the greatest
n Areas in which the impact is the greatest
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Surrounding
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Camp Roberts
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 331, Packet Page 523 7-60 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Noise (NOI)
NOI-1: Potential noise concerns for the community related to weapons firing at Camp Roberts.
There have been noise complaints regarding artillery fire at Camp Roberts. This could be an increased issue if the mission changes at Camp Roberts and if community encroachment continues closer to Camp Roberts.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
NOI-1A: *Provide noise location data.
Camp Roberts should provide current maps of noise contours that extend off of land controlled by Camp Roberts to local jurisdictions and land management agencies in the Study Area.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
n Regional land
management
agencies
NOI-1B: Develop a Military Activity Overlay Zone to noise sensitive areas.
Consider developing a military overlay zone to cover the existing noise-sensitive areas outside installation boundaries including noise contours that extend off the installation and other potential noise sensitive areas related to non-weapons firing, such as vehicular operations, to mitigate potential additional noise concerns. This could include the tank trail connecting Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett. This MAOZ would identify priority areas for the application of other strategies such as conservation easements, signage, and disclosures.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n Camp Roberts
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 332, Packet Page 524 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-61 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Noise (NOI)
NOI-1C: *Develop real estate disclosure.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities should require that all properties developed or sold that are within any MIAs have a real estate disclosure included as part of the sale materials that state the property is located within proximity to a military installation that performs both air and ground operations that can occur in day and nighttime hours. These military operations may produce noise, vibration, and other compatibility issues that may affect the property.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
NOI-1D: *Consider developing a voluntary development sound attenuation retrofit program.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities and/or affected communities should consider a voluntary sound attenuation retrofit program for residential uses. Develop a program that provides guidance on sound attenuation standards for retrofitting existing residential and commercial facilities. The program could include grant opportunities available to assist property owners in retrofitting structures in noisesensitive areas. Other funding sources for retrofitting homes should be identified and provided within the program materials.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
NOI-1E: Request OLDCC to consider Camp Roberts eligibility for its Community Noise Mitigation program.
Monterey County should request OLDCC consider eligibility for its Community Noise Mitigation program.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey County
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n OLDCC
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 333, Packet Page 525 7-62 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Noise (NOI)
NOI-1F: *Require a note to be recorded on a title to real property as part of any discretionary development permit or approval.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities and/or affected jurisdictions should consider requiring a note be recorded on a title for real property located within an MIA as part of any discretionary development permit or approval. The note shall state that the real property is located near an active military training facility that performs day and nighttime training operations, both ground and air operations. Military operations may produce noise and vibration.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
NOI-1G: Evaluate California Building Standards Code for sound attenuation.
Monterey Regional CUS partner communities and/or affected communities should evaluate the California Building Standards Code for sound attenuation building requirements based on energy saving features.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 334, Packet Page 526 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-63 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Public Trespassing (PT)
PT-1: Trespassing at Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett creates safety and security concerns.
There have been instances of public trespassing on Camp Roberts, mostly due to community members entering the installation for hunting and recreational use of the river. The perimeter of Camp Roberts is not fully fenced, which may create an environment conducive to trespassing.
This is also a safety concern as there are areas with dud ammunition in areas at Camp Roberts which have the potential to explode if inadvertently disturbed.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
PT-1A: *Increase public awareness about the risk of trespassing onto Camp Roberts and Fort Hunter Liggett.
Camp Roberts and FHL should increase public awareness of trespassing risks. This should include the following:
n Provide notification and educational materials to Monterey Regional CUS partner communities and/or affected communities regarding restricted and accessible areas.
n Ensure hunters and other users stay on marked trails that pass adjacent to the installation.
n Ensure educational information is posted on websites and within informational brochures that illustrate the boundaries of Camp Roberts and FHL on recreation area maps on recreation area maps.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n Camp Roberts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Monterey Regional
CUS partner
communities
PT-1B: *Consider full increasing perimeter security fence and signage.
Camp Roberts and FHL should consider installing a full perimeter fence line and signage. The following should be considered for the fencing and signage:
n Improve maintenance of existing perimeter fencing to provide timely replacement or repair of damaged sections.
n Consider expanding perimeter fencing to unfenced areas n Ensure placement and maintenance of perimeter signage are adequately placed and spaced along the perimeter fence.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
n Camp Roberts
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 335, Packet Page 527 7-64 Final Administrative Draft Potential Implementation Strategies Public Trespassing (PT)
n For Camp Roberts, post signage along the Salinas and Nacimiento Rivers in the East Garrison identifying the installation boundary.
n Work with Sheriffs’ Departments, California State Fish and Wildlife Service and US Forest Service to patrol areas experiencing repeat trespass. n Work with both San Luis Obispo County and Monterey County to remove or block parking areas frequented by those trespassing on the installation.
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n San Luis Obispo
County and
Monterey County
n California State
Fish and Wildlife
Service
n US Forest Service
PT-1C: *Provide education of permitted visitors (visiting outside of cantonment).
Camp Roberts should require hunters, campers, day-trippers, and hikers to view an educational video on the identification of the hazards to be found on the installation, purchase a yearly permit to use facilities, obtain a map of the installation showing the restricted and non‐restricted areas, notify Camp Roberts Range Control when intending to enter the public access recreational areas.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Camp Roberts
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n California Fish &
Game Department
n USFWS
PT-2: Trespassing onto Fort Hunter Liggett.
There have been incidences of trespassing onto FHL through access along NacimientoFergusson Road and Juan Bautista de Anza Trail.
Recommended Strategy(ies)
PT-2A: Post visible signage in areas where trespassing occurs.
FHL should increase visible signage along the Nacimiento-Fergusson Road, Juan Bautista de Anza Trail, and hunting areas to identify the installation boundary.
Ensure that this signage is maintained and adequately spaced. Ensure that Responsible
Party(ies)
n Fort Hunter Liggett
ATTACHMENT 1
Council Regular Meeting, 5/16/2023, Item No. 15., Item Page 336, Packet Page 528 Monterey Regional Compatible Use Study Final Administrative Draft 7-65 Potential Implementation Strategies 7
Public Trespassing (PT)
hunting safety zoned boundaries are visibility marked to authorize on-installation hunters.
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n Other public
agencies as
needed
PT-2B: Apply for grants for trail improvements.
Monterey County should apply for National Fish and Wildlife Foundation or other grant programs for the maintenance and/or improvement of the Juan Bautista de Anza Trail where it transits or borders military installations.
Responsible
Party(ies)
n Monterey County
Strategy Type Timeframe Partner(s)
n National Fish and
Wildlife
Foundation
PT-2C: Provide education of permitted visitors (visiting outside of the cantonment area).
Camp Roberts should require hunters, campers, day-trippers, and hikers to view an educational video on the identification of the hazards to be found on the installation, to include hunter safety zones, and prohibitions against firing, purchase a yearly permit to use facilities, obtain a map of the installation showing the restricted and non‐restricted areas, notify Camp Roberts Range Control when intending to enter the public access recreational areas. Ensure that installation maps made available to the public are updated for accuracy.