Monterey City Council
July 16, 2024

Chapter 38, Article 19, Hazardous Materials Storage, outlines regulations that are intended to ensure that the use, handling, storage, and transport of hazardous substances comply with all applicable requirements of the California Health and Safety Code. Chapter 38, Section 130, Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans, requires all businesses located in the City and required by Article 6.95 of the California Health and Safety Code to prepare hazardous materials release response plans. Chapter 38, Section 131, Underground Storage Tanks, requires underground storage of hazardous substances to comply with all applicable requirements of Article

6.7 of the California Health and Safety Code. This includes notifying Fire Chief and the Community Development Director of any unauthorized release of hazardous substances within 24 hours after the release has been detected and any proposed abandoning, closing or ceasing operations of an underground storage tank.

Chapter 38, Part IV, Regulations Applying in All Districts, outlines performance standards that apply to all use classifications in all zoning standards. Specifically, Section 38-111 includes performance standards for Radioactive Materials (F) and Hazardous and Extremely Hazardous Materials (G) that comply with the respective provisions of California Radiation Control Regulations (California Administrative Code, Title 17) and California Hazardous Materials Regulations (California Administrative Code, Title 22, Division 4).

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Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials; Criterion 2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment;
Criterion 3: Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school; Criterion 4: Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would create a significant hazard to the public or the environment; Criterion 5: Be located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public uses airport, and would result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area;
Criterion 6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan; (Please see Chapter 3.15, criterion 1) or
Criterion 7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires.

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
This analysis considers the range and nature of foreseeable hazardous materials use, storage, and disposal resulting from implementation of the Proposed Plan, and identifies the primary ways that these hazardous materials could expose individuals or the environment to health and safety risks.

The analysis included a qualitative evaluation of impacts associated with the potential presence of hazardous materials or hazards in the Planning Area, and an evaluation of the extent to which land use changes suggested within the Proposed Plan could enable the development of industrial uses that commonly employ or generate hazardous materials or waste in their production processes, as well as development in or around Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. This analysis is based on a review of materials ranging from the Envirostor and Geotracker databases, hazard mapping, and relevant plans and regulations at the federal, State, and local levels.

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RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The following policy of the Proposed Plan is generally relevant to potential hazardous and hazardous material impacts.

Safety Element
Goal A: Protect life and property from natural and humanmade hazards.

Policy a.36. Continue to require remediation of hazardous material releases from previous land uses as part of any redevelopment activities.

Policy a.37. Regulate development on sites with known contamination of soil or groundwater to ensure that construction workers, future occupants, adjacent residents, and the environment are adequately protected from hazards associated with contamination.

Policy a.38. Consistent with State regulations, require proper storage and disposal of hazardous materials to reduce the likelihood of leakage, explosions, or fire, and to properly contain potential spills from leaving the site.

Land Use Element
Goal C: Minimize airport safety hazards and promote compatibility with airport and military operations.

Policy c.1: Require that new development be consistent with the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) for the Monterey Regional Airport. However, proposed developments that are not consistent with the ALUCP standards shall be referred to the ALUC for consistency review as provided by law.

Policy c.2: Refer all projects that may penetrate aeronautical surfaces identified in the ALUCP or impede approach/departure visibility within the Monterey Regional Airport Influence Area to the Airport Land Use Commission for consistency review prior to issuing local development permits.

Policy c.3: Minimize the potential for development adjacent to the Monterey Regional Airport to adversely affect airport operations such as by reducing the potential for bird strikes, and electromagnetic interference, and glare.

IMPACTS
Impact 3.8-1 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials. (Less than Significant)
Construction activities arising from implementation of the Proposed Plan would involve routine transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials such as solvents, paints, oils and greases, and ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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materials that are typically used in construction projects. Such transport, use, and disposal would be compliant with applicable regulations such as those described under the Regulatory Setting, which include regulations from RCRA, Cal OSHA, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and others. The regulations mentioned cover hazardous materials–related topics such as proper personal protective equipment, transport, handling, recordkeeping, and disposal, among others.

Although solvents, paints, oils, greases, fuels, and other materials would be transported, used, and disposed of during construction, these materials are typically used in construction projects and would not represent any undue hazard. Releases involving common construction hazardous materials would be small and localized and spills that may occur would be contained and cleaned according to the Safety Data Sheet10 (SDS) in the appropriate manner.11 A hazardous material SDS would include accidental release clean up measures such as appropriate techniques for neutralization, decontamination, cleaning or vacuuming, and adsorbent materials, etc. Contractors and staff would be covered by Cal OSHA and CUPA training standards that require documented employee training and equipment for emergency response.

Moreover, any project requiring greater than 1 acre of soil disturbance would be required to obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) coverage under the NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activities (Construction General Permit), Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ (in addition to the regulations previously mentioned). The Construction General Permit would require the development and implementation of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which includes Best Management Practices (BMPs) to regulate and prevent contamination of stormwater runoff.

Construction BMPs can include the following:
• Maintenance activities, maintenance schedules, and long-term inspection procedures to minimize release of fluids, oils and fuels from construction equipment. • Controls for reducing or eliminating the discharge of pollutants • Procedures for the proper disposal of waste12
As described in the Environmental Setting, there are several sites within the Planning Area that currently use hazardous materials and/or generate hazardous wastes which require regulatory oversight to protect human health and the environment. Additionally, the Proposed Plan would potentially permit new industrial, manufacturing, or research and development uses that involve routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials in quantities reportable to the local 10 SDS include information such as the properties of a chemical; the physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical. In addition, OSHA requires that SDS preparers provide specific minimum information as detailed in Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910.1200.
11 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2012. Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets. Last revised: February 2012. Available: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3514.html. Accessed:

January 4, 2024.
12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2018. Stormwater Phase II Final Rule: Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping Minimum Control Measure. Available:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-
12/documents/epa_stormwater_phase_ii_final_rule_factsheet_2.8_pollution_prevention_12-04-18.pdf. Accessed January 4, 2024.

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CUPA. Such uses are regulated by the Monterey County’s Environmental Health Bureau, Hazardous Materials Management Services under State and Federal laws and regulation. The City also coordinates with DTSC, which regulates the generation, treatment, and disposal of hazardous waste, and the SWRCB and regional water boards, which enforces the Clean Water Act and PorterCologne Water Quality Control Act, and protects the quality of ground and surface waters.

Routine transport of hazardous materials on major arterials and highways within and surrounding the Planning Area are regulated and monitored by USDOT, Caltrans, and the California Highway Patrol. Any hazardous material transport via railroad through the Planning Area would be regulated and monitored by USDOT. Although the use, storage and transport of hazardous materials releases cannot feasibly be eliminated, the requirements of existing regulatory programs would reduce potential program-level impacts of routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials to a less-than-significant level.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.8-2 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment. (Less than Significant)
Implementation of the Proposed Plan could result in future development of land uses that may involve the use, transportation, disposal, and storage of hazardous materials in the Planning Area.

As such, personal injury, property damage, environmental degradation, or death could potentially result from the release of hazardous materials caused by upset or accident conditions. Although the risk of upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment cannot be completely eliminated, it can be reduced to a manageable level. Existing regulations at the federal, State, and local levels serve to minimize the potential for upset during routine transportation, use, and disposal, including of medical waste and chemicals or solvents used in manufacturing processes. Additionally, regulations are in place to minimize the risk of upset or accident involving sites that have previously been contaminated by hazardous substances, such as those listed in Table 3.8-1 and shown on Figure 3.8-1. Continued compliance with CUPA programs would help to ensure documentation of releases and threatened releases as well as the development of risk management and hazardous materials release response plans required under existing regulations. Given existing regulations and programs and Proposed Plan policies and implementing actions that reduce the potential for hazardous materials upsets and promote safe handling and proper disposal of such wastes, impacts associated with the release of hazardous materials into the environment would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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Impact 3.8-3 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school. (Less than Significant)
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within onequarter mile of an existing or proposed school. Buildout of the Proposed Plan would not involve emitting or handling acutely hazardous materials or wastes in the vicinity of schools. While there are schools in Monterey are located within one-quarter mile of development sites under the Proposed Plan, construction projects such as housing would require little ground disturbance (lessening the potential risk of exposure) during construction and any hazardous materials use would still be subject to applicable requirements as mentioned under Impact 3.8-1. However, there are open and active hazardous materials sites within one-quarter mile or adjacent to a school campus, as shown on Figure 3.8-1. There are open Cleanup Program Sites with a quarter-mile of both Trinity Christian High School and San Carlos School, and active Military UST sites within a quarter-mile of Bay View Academy Upper Campus. Further, the General Plan Land Use map of the Proposed Plan displays the possibility of industrial and manufacturing uses that may emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous materials within one-quarter mile of an existing school.

Compliance with Monterey City Code Chapter 13, Article 2, details that responsible parties should take all actions necessary to remedy the effects of any unauthorized discharge, spill, or release of any hazardous substances, while Chapter 38, Section 130, requires all businesses located in the City prepare hazardous materials release response plans. Adherence to the requirements of existing regulatory programs would reduce potential impacts associated with handling hazardous materials near a school to a less-than-significant level.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.8-4 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not result in development located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would create a
significant hazard to the public or the environment. (Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated)
A significant impact would occur if development under the Proposed Plan is located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control’s EnviroStor database which, pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, lists Federal Superfund, State Response, Voluntary Cleanup, School Cleanup, Hazardous Waste Permit, and Hazardous Waste Corrective Action site, and the State Water Resources Control Board's GeoTracker database, which tracks authorized or unauthorized discharges of waste to land, or unauthorized releases of hazardous substances from underground storage tanks. According to the database, hazardous materials sites, including LUST ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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sites (which meet Cortese List requirements), exist within the Planning Area, as shown on Figure

3.8-1 and Table 3.8-1.

There 11 open “Cleanup Program Sites” in and within the vicinity of the Planning Area which include the following: American Tin Cannery Row Redevelopment Project, County Club Cleaners, Del Monte Shopping Center, Diaz Property, Dimaggio's Classic Cleaners, Former Sudden Service/Vapor Dry Cleaners, Former Tom's Monterey Auto Repair, Grove Laundry, Monterey Regional Airport, One Hour Martinizing, and Russo's Marine Fueling Station, as shown on Figure

3.8-1. Cleanup Program Sites are non-federally owned sites that are regulated under State Water Quality Control Board (SWRCB)’s Site Cleanup Program. Compliance with SWRCB and local regulations, such as Chapter 13, Article 2, would ensure clean-up responsibility for spills or release of any hazardous substances, while Chapter 38, Section 130 required all business to prepare hazardous materials release response plans. As such, the Cleanup Program Sites would not result in a significant hazard to the public.

As described in the Environmental Setting, there are no Superfund sites within the Planning Area13.

However, the northernmost parcel within the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area (APN 031- 191-018-000, referred to as parcel E29.1) is part of a munitions response area where unexploded ordnances (UXO) have been discovered. The site has been cleared of UXO to a level that permits light industrial uses; however, residential use is restricted and additional remediation in coordination with the U.S. Army, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and California Department of Toxic Substances Control is required before the residential restriction can be removed. Program 1-H in the proposed Housing Element would involve preparation of a specific plan to foster the creation of a mixed-use village within the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area to provide housing, jobs, schools, shops, services and recreation for future residents while also preserving carefully selected areas of natural open space and habitat. The proposed Housing Element does not identify the parcel E29.1 as a site available for housing within the 2023-31 planning period; however, the General Plan land use diagram designates the parcel as a mixed use neighborhood. Therefore, implementation of Mitigation Measure HAZ-1 is required to ensure adequate remediation in coordination with the U.S. Army, U.S. EPA, and DTSC before development occurs.

Mitigation Measures
MM-HAZ-1: Remediation of Unexploded Ordnance at Fort Ord. Prior to issuance of a building permit for residential or mixed use development on APN 031-191-018-000 (referred to as parcel E29.1), the City shall require documentation demonstrating that soil and water on the parcel have been remediated consistent with the Residential Quality Assurance (RQA) process (or equal) and that the residential restriction has been removed by DTSC.

Significance after mitigation: Less than significant.

Impact 3.8-5 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not result in development located within an airport land use plan or, where 13 Source: Table 3.8-1 Contaminated Sites within the Planning Area . Geotracker, SWRCB, 2023; EnviroStor, DTSC, 2023.

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such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public uses airport, and would result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the Planning Area. (Less than Significant)
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in development located within an airport land use plan or, within two miles of a public airport or public uses airport and would result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the Planning Area. As described in Environmental Setting, the majority of the Planning Area is located within the Monterey Regional Airport influence area. As such, development under the Proposed Plan would largely be within the boundaries of the Monterey Regional Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP), including the airport safety zones established therein.

However, future development under the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with the safety zone land use compatibility standards in Table 4B Safety Criteria Matrix of the ALUCP in order to protect and promote the safety and welfare of residents and airport users. The Safety Criteria Matrix establishes maximum densities, intensities, prohibited uses, and other development conditions for proposed development within the ALUCP safety zones so as to restrict the development of land uses that could pose particular hazards to the public or to vulnerable populations in case of an aircraft accident. Further, the proposed Land Use Element creates a new Airport Compatibility Overlay, which applies to properties in airport safety zones 1 through 6 as identified in the ALUCP in order to protect airport operations and ensure public safety. The overlay requires that new development comply with the standards established in the ALUCP and requires review by the Airport Land Use Commission is required for any project in the AC-O that would exceed the height thresholds established in the ALUCP. Existing uses are permitted to continue and projects that meet the infill exemption criteria established in the ALUCP are also permitted. Further, the proposed Land Use Element includes policies to minimize airport safety hazards and promote compatibility with airport operations, including Policy C.1 which requires that new development be compatible with the standards for land uses, density, and intensity specified in ALUCP for the Monterey Regional Airport and Policy C.3 which seeks to minimize the potential for development adjacent to the Monterey Regional Airport to adversely affect airport operations such as by reducing the potential for bird strikes, electromagnetic interference, and glare.

Therefore, compliance with the ALUCP and implementation of the Proposed Plan would reduce airport safety hazards and excessive noise exposure potentially resulting from new development to the maximum extent practicable. Associated impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.8-6 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. (Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated)
See Impact 3.15-1 in EIR Section 3.15: Wildfire for analysis on this impact. Compliance with the existing regional and local codes and regulations, Monterey Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP), the County of Monterey Emergency Operations Plan (OEP), the Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), and MM-WF-1, would reduce impacts to a lessthan-significant level related to interference with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.

Mitigation Measures
MM-WF-1 The following measures shall be implemented to increase capacity and improve vehicle flow at locations projected to have a high volume-to-capacity ratio in the event of an emergency evacuation:
• Mitigate congestion and delay at the interchanges of Fremont Street-Highway 1 and Soledad Drive-Highway 1 by temporarily widening highway ramps by placing traffic cones to indicate two lanes to accommodate a higher volume of evacuating vehicles.
• Deploy adaptive traffic signal control systems that dynamically respond to real-time traffic conditions at the interchanges of Fremont Street-Highway 1 and Soledad Drive-Highway 1, giving priority to evacuation traffic and improving the efficiency of traffic flow during emergencies.

Impact 3.8-7 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires. (Less than Significant)
See Impacts 3.15-1 and 3.15-2 in Section 3.15: Wildfire for analysis on this impact. Compliance with the existing State and local codes and regulations, California Fire Code, California Building Code requirements including California Code of Regulations Title 24, Monterey City Code Section 33-35, as well as proposed policies A.36, A.37, A.38 in the Safety Element, would reduce impacts to a less-than-significant level related to exacerbating wildfire risks during construction, operation, and implementation of the Proposed Plan.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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3.9 Hydrology and Water Quality
This section assesses potential environmental impacts from implementation of the goals, policies, actions, and projected buildout of the Proposed Plan related to hydrology and water quality. Issues addressed include water quality standards, groundwater resources, drainage, and flood hazards related to rivers, sea level rise, dam failure, seiches, tsunamis, and mudflows. The section describes existing surface water and groundwater hydrology, water quality, and flood hazards in the Planning Area, as well as relevant federal, state, and local regulations and programs.

There was one response to the Notice of Preparation (NOP) regarding topics covered in this section. A commenter suggested the reconnection of Lake El Estero with the ocean and flagged sea level rise adaptation for Del Monte Avenue as a concern. This comment is addressed in this section and incorporated into the following analysis.

Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
Groundwater
Monterey is located in the Central Coast Hydrologic Region, which has 60 alluvial groundwater basins and subbasins.1 There are no nearby groundwater basins that intersect with the Monterey Planning Area. The Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin is located approximately six miles east and northeast of the Planning Area. The Salinas Valley Seaside Subbasin is located just outside the city limits just east and northeast of Monterey. The Carmel Valley Subbasin is located approximately three miles south of the Planning Area. The Salinas Valley and Carmel Valley groundwater basins have been designated as a medium-priority basins by the California Department of Water Resources, while the Seaside Subbasin is designated as very low priority. 2 Though these basins are hydrologically separate, they are hydraulically connected by California American Water (Cal-Am)’s distribution system. The City is supplied water by Cal-Am and is 1 Central Coastal Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2013. California Water Plan Central Coast Hydrologic Region.

Available: https://water.ca.gov/programs/california-water-plan. Accessed: October 31, 2023. 2 California Department of Water Resources, Basin Prioritization, https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwatermanagement/basin-prioritization, accessed 7/27/22.

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managed by the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District.3 Beneficial uses for the groundwater basin include municipal and domestic water supply, agricultural water supply, industrial process and service water supply, groundwater recharge, and freshwater replenishment.

Both Carmel Valley Subbasin and the Seaside Subbasin have experienced years of overdraft and excessive pumping.4 The main climate vulnerability is continued seawater intrusion in the basin as seawater levels rise, plus increased agricultural water uses and more severe and frequent droughts that may result in over pumping and further stress on the basin. Figure 3.9-1 displays groundwater basins within the Planning Area.

In addition, the Monterey Subbasin is located approximately 10 miles northeast of the Planning Area. While the Subbasin is not adjacent to the city limits, Marina Coast Water District’s (MCWD) wells that would supply water to future developments at Fort Ord are located in the Monterey Subbasin. The Monterey Subbasin has been designated by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) as medium priority. As such, the Subbasin is required to develop a GSP, which was published in 2022 by the MCWD Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA) and the Salinas Valley Basin GSA.

Surface Water Resources
The Planning Area is dissected by a number of small creeks and streams that flow directly or indirectly to Monterey Bay. Lake El Estero and Del Monte Lake are the two largest surface water bodies in the city , while Laguna Grande and Roberts Lake, located in the City of Seaside, border the northern Planning Area boundary.5 Lake El Estero, a former estuary, now has water pumped in through a pipe, and water in Del Monte Lake is pumped to the ocean to prevent flooding. Lake El Estero and Del Monte Lake are receiving bodies for several of the streams that flow through the City. Historically, these estuary systems varied from a tidally influenced marine system to a brackish water lake. Discharge in the streams is seasonal, with most of it occurring during the winter rainy season. Figure 3.9-2 displays regional watersheds and surface water resources.

Storm Drain Facilities
The City owns and maintains a storm drainage system that collects and transports storm water to Monterey Bay, which includes over 10 miles of pipelines and drainage channels.6 Storm water runoff is collected through catch basins and storm water inlets that direct runoff 3 Central Coastal Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2019. Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Coastal Basin, June 2019 Edition. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/publications_forms/publications/basin_plan/docs/2019_basin_plan_r 3_complete_webaccess.pdf. Accessed: October 31, 2023.
4 California American Water Central Division – Monterey County District. 2021. Urban Water Management Plan.

Available: https://www.amwater.com/caaw/resources/PDF/Customer-Service-Billing/Rates-Tariffs/GRCApplications/Monterey_UWMP.pdf. Accessed: October 31, 2023. 5 City of Monterey, 2004. City of Monterey General Plan Update DEIR. Available:
https://files.monterey.org/Document%20Center/CommDev/Planning/General-Plan/20-General-Plan-DEIR.pdf.

Accessed: October 31, 2023.
6 Ibid.

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Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 392, Packet Page 720 Seaside
Marina
Pacific
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Del Rey
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MONTEREY COUNTY
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Harbor
Pebble
Beach
Monterey
Regional
Airport
Marina
Municipal
Airport
Monterey
AÔ
AÔ
A§
Figure 3.9-1: Groundwater Basins
0 ¾ 1½ 3
Miles
Bulletin 118 Groundwater Basins
City of Monterey
County Boundary
µ
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MONTEREY COUNTY
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Harbor
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Monterey
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Airport
Marina
Municipal
Airport
Monterey
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Carmel River
Monterey Bay
Carmel River
Carmel Bay-Frontal
Pacific Ocean
El Toro Creek-Salinas River
Tembladero Slough
Carmel River
Salinas River
Watson Creek
El Toro Creek
Harper Creek
San Jose Creek
Las Gazas Creek
Carmel River
San Jose Creek
Figure 3.9-2: Regional Watersheds and Surface Water
0 ¾ 1½ 3
Miles
µ
Stream/River
Lakes/Waterbody
Watershed Boundary
Subwatersheds
Alisal Creek-Salinas River
Alisal Slough-Tembladero Slough
Canyon Del Rey
Carmel Bay
El Toro Creek
Las Gazas Creek-Carmel River
Monterey Bay
Potrero Canyon-Carmel River
San Jose Creek
Soberanes Creek-Frontal Pacific Ocean
Tularcitos Creek
City of Monterey
County Boundary
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into pipelines and channels. A series of stormwater outfalls are located along the margin of the Monterey Bay through which storm water is discharged. City personnel maintain the lines by cleaning the catch basins and the storm inlets. A portion of the cost for the maintenance and capital replacement of the storm drain system is recovered through a storm water utility fee. Figure 3.9-3 displays existing storm facilities in the Planning Area.

Water Quality
The Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Coastal Bay Basin (Basin Plan), as administered by the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, specifies beneficial uses that apply to water bodies where the potential exists for them to be affected by the project. Del Monte Lake has water quality requirements for the following beneficial uses: municipal and domestic supply, water contact recreation, non-contact water recreation, wildlife habitat, warm freshwater habitat, and commercial and sport fishing. El Estero Lake has the same water quality requirements for beneficial uses, with the addition of the following: groundwater recharge, cold freshwater habitat, and spawning, reproduction, and/or early development. Laguna Grande/Roberts Lake also has water quality requirements for the following beneficial uses: municipal and domestic supply, water contact recreation, non-contact water recreation, wildlife habitat, cold freshwater habitat, warm freshwater habitat, and commercial and sport fishing. 7 Water bodies in Monterey were assessed and included in the California 2020-2022 Integrated Report.8 Assessed waterbodies are surface waterbodies, such as rivers, lakes, and beaches, that are placed in one of five Integrated Report Condition Categories based on a waterbody’s ability to support beneficial uses. The California 303(d) list portion of the California Integrated Report consists of waterbodies in Categories 4a, 4b, and 5. These waterbodies can be referred to as “listed” or “impaired.” Listed or impaired waterbodies refer to those that contain pollutants at levels that exceed water quality standards set by the State and Regional Water Boards.9 Monterey Harbor is listed as impaired for the following pollutants: Arsenic (75661), Copper (75970), Oxygen, Dissolved (83345), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (74799), and Toxicity (85418). Hartnell Gulch West Fork is listed as impaired for Escherichia coli (E. coli) (125772). Don Dahvee Creek was listed as impaired for the following pollutants: Copper (113695), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (125788), Lead (113696), Zinc (113699)
7 Central Coastal Regional Water Quality Control Board. 2019.Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Coastal Basin, June 2019 Edition. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/publications_forms/publications/basin_plan/docs/2019_basin_plan_r3_c omplete_webaccess.pdf. Accessed: October 31, 2023.
8 State Water Resources Control Board. 2022. 2020-2022 California Integrated Report. Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. EPA approved: May 11, 2022. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/water_quality_assessment/2020_2022_integrated_report.html.

Accessed: November 1, 2023.
9 State Water Resources Control Board. April 2, 2019. Impaired Water Bodies. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/integrated2014_2016.shtml. Accessed: January 17, 2024
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 395, Packet Page 723 A§
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P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
Monterey Pines
Golf and RV Park
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
NSA
Monterey
Research
Lab
Monterey
City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
Existing Storm Main
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.9-3: Existing Storm Facilities
µ
Data Source: City of Monterey GIS Data, 2022; Monterey County GIS Open Data, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 396, Packet Page 724 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality
City of Monterey 3.9-7
Groundwater resources in the vicinity of the Planning Area are located within the Salinas Valley Basin (3-004) and the Carmel Valley River Basin (Basin No. 3-007), as defined in the Basin Plan.

Beneficial uses of these basins include a variety of municipal, domestic, industrial, agricultural, and wildlife uses.

Flooding
Figure 3.9-4 shows the 100-year coastal floodplain and 100-year and 500-year floodplains within the Planning Area based on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mapping. Parts of the coastline near Monterey Harbor, Municipal Wharf 2, Del Monte Beach, and Monterey State Beach are mapped within the 100-year coastal floodplain, which means that such areas are expected to flood once every 100 years. FEMA mapped areas near margins of water bodies in the Planning Area as 100-year floodplains, such as areas around El Estero Park and Del Monte Lake. In addition, there are larger areas, including Fisherman’s Wharf, the Monterey Sports Center, and Del Monte Avenue from Tyler Street to Casa Verde Way that are mapped within the 500-year floodplains, where flooding is expected once every 500 years. Areas of special flood hazard, identified by FEMA or the Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration in a report entitled “Flood Insurance Study for the City of Monterey” and dated 2009, are referenced in the Flood Damage Prevention ordinance (Article 7, Chapter 9) of the City Code. The Flood Insurance Study, with an accompanying Flood Insurance Rate Map, details the areas of special flood hazard in the Planning Area and is on file at the City of Monterey Building and Safety Division.

The City of Monterey is a permitted member of the Monterey Regional Storm Water Management Program (MRSWMP). The MRSWMP is a regulatory document that contains the requirements each entity must implement and enforce locally to protect the water quality of waterways like the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The MRSWMP components are mandated by the State and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for Phase II communities per the federal Clean Water Act. The MRSWMP includes appropriate source control, site design, and stormwater treatment measures for projects to address stormwater runoff pollutant discharges and prevent increases in runoff flows from new development and redevelopment projects. The Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) also requires treatment of stormwater runoff for new developments, including flow through retention or detention basins, prior to discharge into waterways. Thus, projects will be required to consider design features for stormwater retention, detention, and/or water quality treatment.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 397, Packet Page 725 A§
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P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguaji to
Casa Verde Way
N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
US Coast
Guard
Station
Monterey Pines
Golf and RV Park
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA
Monterey
Research
Lab
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
J:\GISData\584 Monterey GP\GIS\Projects\EIR\Fig 3.9-4 Flood Zones.mxd Floodway
100 Year Coastal Flood
100 Year Flood
500 Year Flood
Area of Undetermined Flood Hazard
City of Monterey
Water
Freeway
Ramp
Local Collector
Local
Figure 3.9-4 Flood Zones
µ
Data Source: National Flood Hazard Layer, FEMA 2017; Liquefaction Data, County of Monterey, 2014; City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 398, Packet Page 726 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality
City of Monterey 3.9-9
Dam and Levee Failure Inundation Zones
Any dam poses a potential risk of failure, which would most likely be caused from seismically induced ground shaking or other seismic events, and which threatens the area below the dam with inundation. There are no dams located in the vicinity of the Planning Area. Los Padres Dam is located 18 miles southeast of the Planning Area, while the Forest Lake Dam is located two miles west in census-designated place Del Monte Forest.10 Dam or levee failure of the Los Padres Dam and the Forest Lake Dams do not pose great threats to the Planning Area.

Coastal and Bay Hazards
Seiche
A seiche is a standing wave that oscillates in a body of water, due to strong winds, changes in atmospheric pressure, or seismic waves from an earthquake passing through a water body. Seiche occurs in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water, such as a lake or reservoir. Due to water bodies within or near the Planning Area like Del Monte Lake and El Estero Lake, flood risk from a seiche could result and will be further evaluated in the environmental analysis.

Tsunamis
Tsunamis are long-period water waves caused by underwater seismic events, volcanic eruptions, or undersea landslides. Tsunamis affecting the Monterey Bay region would most likely originate west of the Bay, in the Pacific Ocean. Areas that are highly susceptible to tsunami inundation tend to be low-lying coastal areas, such as tidal flats, marshlands, and former bay margins that have been artificially filled. The Monterey Bay is located directly north of the Planning Area. The Planning Area ranges in elevation from approximately 0 feet above mean sea level (msl) to approximately 446 feet above msl. Based on the distance from Monterey Bay and elevation of the Proposed Plan, the Planning Area is susceptible to tsunami inundation. The coastline ranging from San Carlos Beach Park to Del Monte Beach, parts of Downtown, El Estero Park, and Del Monte Lake are lowlying areas that are susceptible to tsunamis. Sea level rise and tsunami hazard areas are shown on Figure 3.9-5.
10 California Department of Water Resources, 2023. California Dam Breach Inundation Maps. Available:
https://fmds.water.ca.gov/maps/damim/. Accessed: November 1, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 399, Packet Page 727 A§
»A
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A§
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P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
NSA
Monterey
Navy School
Annex
Monterey
City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
Sea Level Rise - Tidal Inundation Zone
Sea Level Rise - Erosion Hazard Zone
TsunamiHazardArea
Intermediate-High (5-foot) Sea Level Rise, 2100
Inundation (feet)
0 - 2
2 - 4
4 - 6
Low-lying Areas
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.9-5: Sea Level Rise and Coastal Hazards
µ
Data Source: Sea Level Rise Data from NOAA, 2022; City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 400, Packet Page 728 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality
City of Monterey 3.9-11

REGULATORY SETTING
Federal Regulations
Clean Water Act
Several sections of the Clean Water Act (CWA) pertain to regulating waters of the United States.

The CWA is not only the primary federal law for regulating water quality in the United States but also the basis for several State and local laws. Its objective is to reduce or eliminate water pollution in the nation’s rivers, streams, lakes, and coastal waters. The CWA prescribes basic federal laws for regulating discharges of pollutants and sets minimum water quality standards for all waters of the United States. Several mechanisms are used to control domestic, industrial, and agricultural pollution under the CWA. 13
The EPA is the overarching authority for protecting the quality of waters of the United States.

However, the EPA has delegated administration and enforcement of the CWA in California to the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs). The State has developed a number of water quality laws, rules, and regulations. It also adopts water quality standards to protect beneficial uses of waters of the State, as required by Section 303(d) of the CWA. CWA requirements are addressed through development of a 303(d)/305(b) integrated report, which provides both an update to the 303(d) list and a 305(b) assessment of statewide water quality.14 The 2020-2022 California Integrated Report was approved by the EPA on May 11, 2022.

Executive Order 11988
FEMA is responsible for managing the 100-year floodplain, areas with a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. A Flood Insurance Rate Map, an official FEMA-prepared map, is used to delineate both the Special Flood Hazard Areas (the 100-year floodplain) and the flood-risk premium zones in a community. Under Executive Order 11988, FEMA requires local governments that are covered by the National Flood Insurance Program to pass and enforce a floodplain management ordinance that specifies minimum requirements for any construction within the 100- year floodplain.15 FEMA administers the National Flood Insurance Program, which includes floodplain management and flood hazard mapping and provides subsidized flood insurance to communities that comply with FEMA regulations to limit development in floodplains. 13 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). June 22, 2023. Summary of the Clean Water Act. Available:
https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act. Accessed: January 17, 2024 14 State Water Resources Control Board. April 18, 2023. 305(b)/303(d) Integrated Report. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/northcoast/water_issues/programs/tmdls/303d/index.html. Accessed: January 17, 2024
15 FEMA. October 20. 2021. Executive Order 11988 Floodplain Management. Available:
https://www.fema.gov/glossary/executive-order-11988-floodplain-management. Accessed: January 17, 2024 ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 401, Packet Page 729 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality

3.9-12 City of Monterey
Safe Drinking Water Act
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was established in 1974 to set federal minimum drinking standards and to protect public water supplies. This is the primary federal legislation protecting drinking water supplied by public water systems. As a result of the act, regulations for the protection of public health, as well as regulations relating to the taste, odor, and appearance of drinking water were established.16
State
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (Porter-Cologne Act) was established and implemented by the SWRCB. The SWRCB is the primary State agency with responsibility for protecting the quality of the State’s surface and groundwater supplies, or waters of the State. Waters of the State are defined more broadly than waters of the United States (i.e., any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the State). This includes waters in both natural and artificial channels. It also includes all surface waters that are not waters of the United States or non-jurisdictional wetlands, which are essentially distinguished by whether they are navigable. If waters are not navigable, they are considered to be isolated and, therefore, under the jurisdiction of only the Porter-Cologne Act and not the CWA.17 The Porter-Cologne Act authorizes the SWRCB to draft policies regarding water quality. The act requires projects that discharge or propose a discharge of wastes that could affect the quality of waters of the State to file a Report of Waste Discharge with the appropriate RWQCB. The Porter-Cologne Act also requires the SWRCB or a RWQCB to adopt basin plans for the protection of water quality.

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit Requirements The 1972 amendments to the federal Water Pollution Control Act established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to control discharges of pollutants from any point source. The 1987 amendments to the CWA created a new section, which was devoted to stormwater permitting (Section 402).18 The Phase I NPDES stormwater program regulates stormwater discharges small and medium-sized municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) (i.e., those serving less than 100,000 persons). CWA Section 402 mandates permits for municipal stormwater discharges, which are regulated under the NPDES General Permit for MS4s.

The discharge of stormwater runoff from the MS4 in Monterey is permitted under the Central 16 US EPA. June, 2004. Overview of the Safe Drinking Water Act. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/overview-safedrinking-water-act. Accessed: January 17, 2024 17 State Water Resources Control Board. January 2024. Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/laws_regulations/docs/portercologne.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024 18 US EPA. September 2010. Development of the Clean Water Act and NPDES Program, NPDES Permit Writers Manual.

Available: https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/pwm_chapt_01.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024 ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 402, Packet Page 730 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality
City of Monterey 3.9-13
Coast Municipal Regional Permit (MRP) (Order No. R3-2013-0032; NPDES Permit No.

CAS000004), which is discussed further below.19, 20
NPDES General Construction Stormwater Permit
Most construction activities that disturb 1 acre of land or more are required to obtain coverage under the NPDES General Permit for Construction Activities (Construction General Permit). The SWRCB issued a statewide Construction General Permit (Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ, NPDES No.

CAR000002, as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ and 2012-0006-DWQ), which was adopted on September 2, 2009.21 Construction activities subject to the Construction General Permit include clearing, grading, and disturbances to the ground, such as stockpiling or excavation, that result in soil disturbances of at least 1 acre to the total land area. The Construction General Permit requires the applicant to file a Notice of Intent (NOI) to discharge stormwater and prepare and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The SWPPP includes a site map and a description of proposed construction activities, along with a demonstration of compliance with relevant local ordinances and regulations. Also included is an overview of the best management practices (BMPs) that would be implemented to prevent soil erosion and discharges of other construction-related pollutants that could contaminate nearby water resources. Permittees are further required to conduct annual monitoring and reporting to ensure that BMPs are correctly implemented and effective in controlling the discharge of stormwater-related pollutants.

Water Quality Control Plan
Monterey Bay is under the jurisdiction of the Central Coast RWQCB, which established regulatory standards and objectives for water quality in its Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Coastal Basin, commonly referred to as the Basin Plan.22 Basin plans are updated and reviewed every 3 years. They provide the technical basis for determining waste discharge requirements, taking enforcement actions, and evaluating clean water grant proposals. Each RWQCB, which has region19 State Water Resources Control Board. February 5, 2013. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit No. CAS000004. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/docs/phsii2012_5th/order_final.pdf. Accessed:

January 17, 2024
20 California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Coast Region. July 12, 2013. Post-Construction Stormwater Management Requirements for Development Projects in the Central Coast Region. Available:
https://www.monterey.org/Document%20Center/Public%20Works/Engineering/Environmental%20Regulations/Sto rmwater%20Program/2013_0032_attach1_post_construction_requirements.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024 21 State Water Resources Control Board. January 23, 2013. NPDES General Permit for Construction Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activities Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/docs/constpermits/wqo2009_0009_dwq.pdf.

Accessed: January 17, 2024
22 Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Coast Region. June 2019. Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Coast Basin. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/publications_forms/publications/basin_plan/docs/2019_basin_plan_r3 _complete_webaccess.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 403, Packet Page 731 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality

3.9-14 City of Monterey
wide and water body–specific beneficial uses, sets numeric and narrative water quality objectives for several substances and parameters in numerous surface waters in its region. A basin plan must include (1) a statement of beneficial water uses that the RWQCB will protect, (2) the water quality objectives needed to protect the designated beneficial water uses, and (3) strategies to be implemented, with time schedules for achieving the water quality objectives. The Basin Plan was last updated in 2019.

NPDES Phase II Small MS4 General Permit
SWRCB adopted the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit for Water Discharge Requirements (Order No. 2013-0001-DWQ NPDES Permit No. CAS000004, further amended five times) on February 5, 2013.23 Several Cities and counties (including Monterey) are covered as permittees under this permit and required to address issues regarding the protection of stormwater quality in their jurisdictions through implementation of stormwater programs. Monterey is a permittee under the Phase II MS4 Permit for the discharge of stormwater runoff from the MS4s. The project would be required to comply with Provision E.10 of the MS4 Permit. Provision E.10 requires adoption and implementation of low-impact development (LID) techniques, including, among other things, infiltration and biotreatment, the use of vegetated swales and retention basins, and minimal use of impermeable surfaces, to manage stormwater and maintain a site’s predevelopment runoff rates and volumes.

Waste Discharge Requirements General Permit for Discharges with Low Threat to Water Quality CWA Section 402 includes waste discharge requirements for dewatering activities. Although small amounts of construction-related dewatering are covered under the Construction General Permit, the Central Coast RWQCB has regulations specific to dewatering activities. These typically involve reporting and monitoring. If dewatering occurs as part of the project at storm drains that lead to Monterey Bay, the contractor would be required to comply with Central Coast RWQCB dewatering requirements. If contaminated groundwater is encountered during construction (e.g., contamination from chlorinated VOCs), the project sponsor would be required to comply with the Central Coast RWQCB’s general requirements (i.e., Order No. R3-2017-0042, Waste Discharge Requirements NPDES Permit for Discharges With Low Threat to Water Quality.)24 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) provides a framework for sustainable management of groundwater supplies by local authorities, with a limited role for State intervention 23 State Water Resources Control Board. February 5, 2013. General Permit for Waste Discharge Requirements (WRDs) for Storm Water Discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s). Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/board_decisions/adopted_orders/water_quality/2013/wqo2013_0001dwq.pdf.

Accessed: January 17, 2024
24 California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Coast Region. December 2017. Order No. R-3-2017-0042 Waste Discharge Requirements NPDES Permit for Discharges With Low Threat to Water Quality. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/board_decisions/adopted_orders/2017/npdes_general_order_r3-2017- 0042.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 404, Packet Page 732 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.9: Hydrology and Water Quality
City of Monterey 3.9-15
only if necessary to protect the resource. The plan is intended to ensure a reliable groundwater water supply for California for years to come.25
The SGMA requires the formation of local Groundwater Sustainability Agencies, which are required to adopt Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs) to manage the sustainability of groundwater basins.26 Adoption of a GSP is required for all high- and medium-priority basins, as identified by the Department of Water Resources; otherwise, the agencies must submit an alternative to a GSP. The SGMA also requires governments and water agencies with high- and medium-priority basins to halt overdraft practices and bring groundwater basins into a balanced level of pumping and recharge. Within SGMA, the Salinas Valley and Carmel Valley groundwater basins have been designated as a medium-priority basins and are required to have groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs), groundwater sustainability plans (GSPs), and manage groundwater for long-term sustainability. The Carmel Valley Subbasin (3-007) is in an unmanaged area part of a medium-priority groundwater basin. An unmanaged area is a part of a high- or medium-priority groundwater basin that is outside the management of a Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA) and not subject to an alternative to a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) or other exemption from SGMA requirements.27
The Seaside Subbasin (3-004.08) was adjudicated in 2006 in response to overdraft of the subbasin and conflict between groundwater users (California American Water v. City of Seaside, et al. (Case No. M66343, California Superior Court, Monterey County). The adjudication defined the safe yield of the subbasin and allocated specific volumes of groundwater pumpage to each of the parties to the adjudication that limits the total volume of groundwater extraction to the safe yield. The implementation of the adjudication results in managing the subbasin’s groundwater resources in a sustainable manner similar to the requirements of SGMA. Consequently, the Seaside Subbasin 3- 004.08 will not have a GSA formed and will not be required to prepare and implement a GSP under SGMA. Within SGMA, the Monterey Subbasin (3-004.10) has been designated as a medium-priority groundwater subbasin, which requires the adoption of a GSP. MCWD and Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin (SVGB) GSAs co-developed a GSP in January 2022 to meet SGMA regulatory requirements, while reflecting local needs and preserving local control over water resources. The GSP provides a path to achieve and document sustainable groundwater management within 20 years following GSP adoption and preserves the long-term sustainability of locally-managed groundwater resources.

Local
Monterey Regional Storm Water Management Program (MRSWMP) Monterey Regional Storm Water Management Program (MRSWMP) facilitates local compliance with the federal Clean Water Act and coordinates activities with other pollution prevention programs, such as those pertaining to wastewater treatment plants, hazardous waste disposal, and 25 California Department of Water Resources. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). Available:
https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management. Accessed: January 17, 2024
26 Ibid.
27 State Water Resources Control Board, 2023. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sgma/groundwater_basins/. Accessed: November 6, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 405, Packet Page 733 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
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water recycling. The purpose of the MRSWMP is to implement and enforce a series of management practices, referred to as “Best Management Practices” (BMPs), which are designed to reduce the discharge of pollutants from the MS4s to the maximum extent practicable. MRSWMP also provides City staff construction BMP site inspection checklists for sites less than an acre and more than an acre.28 Additionally, jurisdictions within the MRSWMP are advised to use the Stormwater Technical Guide for Low Impact Development. The guide is designed ensure compliance with the post construction requirements (PCRs), facilitate review of applications, and promote integrated Low Impact Development (LID) design, which stems from Central Coast RWQCB Order R3-2013-0032.

California American Water Urban Water Management Plan
California American Water Company (Cal-Am)’s Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) was prepared in response to California’s Urban Water Management Planning Act, Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656. The act requires every urban water supplier that provides water to more than 3,000 customers for municipal purposes or supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and adopt an UWMP and update the plan every 5 years. On June 2021, Cal-Am’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan was published.29 This plan is an update to the 2015 UWMP and carries forward information from that plan that remains current and is relevant to this plan and provides additional information as required by amendments to the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act; CWC §10610 – 10657). The UWMP discusses the status of projects, programs, and studies regarding water supply planning, water conservation, and recycled water.

Cal-Am manages several programs and projects in the county that focus on water quality, pollution prevention, water conservation, and stream and creek protection.

Marina Coast Water District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Marina Coast Water District Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) was prepared in response to California’s Urban Water Management Planning Act, Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656. The act requires every urban water supplier that provides water to more than 3,000 customers for municipal purposes or supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and adopt an UWMP and update the plan every 5 years. In May 2021, MCWD’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan was published. This plan is an update to the 2015 UWMP and carries forward information from that plan that remains current and is relevant to this plan and provides additional information as required by amendments to the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act; CWC §10610 – 10657). The UWMP discusses the status of projects, programs, and studies regarding water supply planning, water conservation, and recycled water.

MCWD manages several programs and projects in the service area that focus on water quality, pollution prevention, and water conservation.
28 City of Monterey. 2023. Construction Sites and Stormwater. Available:
https://monterey.org/city_hall/public_works/engineering/environmental_regulations/storm_water_program/constr uction_sites_and_stormwater.php. Accessed: November 3 2023. 29 California American Water, 2021. Urban Water Management Plan. Avaliable:
https://www.amwater.com/caaw/resources/PDF/Customer-Service-Billing/Rates-Tariffs/GRCApplications/Monterey_UWMP.pdf. Accessed: January 19, 2024.

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Monterey General Plan
The Monterey General Plan includes the following goals and policies associated with hydrology and water quality:

Conservation Element
Goal b. Protect creeks, lakes, wetlands, beaches, and Monterey Bay from pollutants discharged to the storm drain system.

Policy b.1. Continue public education and outreach programs to eliminate use of storm drains for dumping hazardous or inappropriate wastes, such as used motor oil.

Policy b.2. Minimize particulate matter pollution with erosion and sediment control in waterways and on construction sites and with regular street sweeping on City streets.

Policy b.3. Minimize development or removal of vegetation on areas particularly susceptible to erosion, such as steep slopes, and require programs to minimize erosion when development occurs in these areas.

Policy b.4. Retain and restore wetlands, riparian areas, and other habitats, which provide remediation for degraded water quality.

Open Space Element
Goal d. Preserve and improve lakes and waterways as important visual, habitat, flood protection, and recreation resources.

Policy d.3. Maintain the lakes and waterways as flood control features for the City.

Goal e. Ensure streams continue to function as natural flood control channels and habitat for native plants and animals.

Policy e.1. Maintain the City's streams by controlling erosion.

Public Facilities Element
Goal l. Continue to improve drainage and urban runoff quality throughout the City and maintain Monterey’s status as a regional lead agency for storm water management programs.

Policy l.1. Set storm drain fees at a rate sufficient to maintain and, when necessary, replace and upgrade the system.

Policy l.2. The City of Monterey will comply with requirements from State regulatory agencies related to urban runoff quality. This includes required implementation of the NPDES Phase II six minimum measures: Public Education and Outreach, Public Participation/Involvement, Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination, Construction Site ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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Runoff Control, Post-Construction Runoff Control, and Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping.

Monterey City Code
Chapter 9. Article 7, Flood Damage Prevention of the Monterey City Code provides provisions to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas. The purpose of this chapters to minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects, to minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines, streets and bridges located in areas of special flood hazard, to insure that potential buyers are notified that property is in an area of special flood hazard; and to ensure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their actions. This chapter includes standards of construction (9-71.1), standards for manufactured homes (9-71.4), and standards for coastal high hazard areas (9-71.5).

Chapter 31.5, Article 2, Urban Storm Water Quality Management and Discharge Control Ordinance, provides provisions to protect and enhance the water quality of waters of the State and waters of the United States, and to protect water bodies in a manner pursuant to and consistent with Federal, State, and regional regulations. Specifically, this ordinance stipulates regulations for new development aligned with NPDES General Permit (No. CAS000004 Waste Discharge Requirements for Storm Water Discharges from Small MS4s), as well Central Coast RWQCB PostConstruction Stormwater Management Requirements for Development Projects (Resolution No.

R3-2013-0032). The ordinance requires all construction site owners and contractors to implement storm water management practices (BMPs), which prevent pollutants generated during construction from leaving the construction site and entering the City's storm water system during wet or dry weather.

Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or groundwater quality; Criterion 2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin;
Criterion 3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
i. Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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ii. Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site;
iii. Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or
iv. Impede or redirect flood flows.

Criterion 4: In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation; or
Criterion 5: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan.

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
All Proposed Plan elements were analyzed by comparing existing conditions, as described in the Environmental Setting section, to conditions during implementation of the Proposed Plan. The analysis focuses on issues related to surface hydrology, flood hazards, groundwater supply, and surface and groundwater quality. Because future construction associated with the Proposed Plan can occur anywhere within the Planning Area, potential hydrology and water quality impacts associated with future development as a result of the Proposed Plan implementation are analyzed qualitatively at a program level.

Surface Water Hydrology
The surface water hydrology impact analysis considers potential changes in the physical characteristics of water bodies, impervious surfaces, and drainage patterns throughout the city as a result of the Proposed Plan’s implementation.

Groundwater Hydrology
Impacts on groundwater supply and recharge are assessed by comparing existing groundwater use and recharge capabilities with conditions within the Planning Area after implementation of the Proposed Plan. Recharge is determined by the ability of water to infiltrate into the soil.

Surface and Groundwater Quality
Impacts of the Proposed Plan on surface water and groundwater quality were analyzed by using information on potential existing water quality conditions. Potential Proposed Plan–related sources of water contaminants generated by residential operational activities, such as vehicle use, building maintenance, trash generation, and the storage or inadvertent release of hazardous materials during construction associated with the Proposed Plan, are considered. The potential for water quality objectives to be exceeded and beneficial uses to be compromised is also considered.

Flooding
The flood risk analysis uses FEMA data and historical flood information to determine the existing flood zone and whether the Planning Area overlaps designated 100-year floodplains, whether it would affect the drainage system, and whether it was a flood risk. CEQA does not require an ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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analysis of how existing environmental conditions will affect a project’s residents or users unless the project would exacerbate an existing environmental hazard. Accordingly, hazards resulting from a project that places development in an existing or future flood hazard area are not considered impacts under CEQA unless the project would exacerbate the flood hazard. Thus, the analysis evaluates whether the Proposed Plan would exacerbate existing or future flood hazards in the city, resulting in a substantial risk of loss injury or death. If evidence indicates it would not, then the analysis will conclude by stating such. If it could exacerbate the issue, then evidence is provided to determine if the exacerbation would or would not be significant.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The following policies of the Proposed Plan are generally relevant to potential hydrology and water quality impacts.

Goal A: Protect life and property from natural and humanmade hazards.

Policy A.14: Design, construct, and maintain street and storm drain flood control systems to accommodate storm flows, employing "green infrastructure" techniques as feasible and appropriate.

Policy A.15: Review all development applications for areas within a 100-year flood hazard zone for consistency with FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) standards to mitigate flood hazard potentials.

Policy A.16: Require applicable development projects to employ low impact development (LID) design strategies that minimize drainage concentration, minimize impervi-ous coverage, utilize pervious paving materials, and overall utilize best manage-ment practices (BMPs) to reduce stormwater runoff and minimize increases in downstream runoff and/or impacts resulting from new development.

Policy A.17: Through compliance with existing environmental regulations and associated development agreements, require applicable new development and re-development to incorporate storm drainage and water quality improvements into their design plans for construction and to protect downstream watershed processes.

Policy A.18: Periodically review the risk of increased flooding hazards due to climate change and develop strategies to adapt to changing flood hazard conditions, including those related to monitoring, emergency preparedness, vegetation management, and development policies, and ensure that the City’s hazard information is up-to-date regarding climate trends.

Policy A.19: Consider and mitigate the potential hazards from storm waves, tsunami, high tidal conditions and flooding for projects along the bay shoreline.

Policy A.20: As the need is identified, work with creekside property owners to reduce and mitigate flood hazards.

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IMPACTS
Impact 3.9-1 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not violate any federal, State, or local water quality standards or waste discharge requirements. (Less than Significant)
The Proposed Plan would have a significant environmental impact if it would violate water quality standards and waste discharge requirements such as those set out in the NPDES General Permit for Construction Activities (Construction General Permit). Violation could occur if the Proposed Plan would substantially increase pollutant loading levels in the sanitary sewer system, either directly, through the introduction of pollutants generated by industrial or other land uses, or indirectly, through stormwater pollution. The Central Coast RWQCB, MRSWMP, City Code and General Plan water quality protection requirements and conditions applicable to implementation of the Project are intended to reduce any potential construction period and post-construction water quality impacts to a less-than-significant level, consistent with federal and State water quality regulations and plans. These Central Coast RWQCB, MRSWMP, and City requirements and conditions apply to future housing development facilitated by the Proposed Plan.

Construction activities arising from implementation of the Proposed Plan, such as grading and other construction-related earth-disturbing activities, could result in short-term water quality impacts. These would be associated with soil erosion and subsequent sediment transport to adjacent properties, roadways, or watercourses via storm drains. Sediment transport to local drainage facilities such as drainage inlets, culverts, and storm drains would end up in creeks and Monterey Bay and result in water quality impacts. Construction activities could also generate dust, litter, oil, and other pollutants that could temporarily contaminate runoff from the Planning Area.

However, substantial increase in stormwater volume and velocity is not anticipated with the Proposed Plan as subsequent projects would be required to comply with stormwater management regulations and implement BMPs.

Any project with soil disturbance of at least 500 square feet or 50 cubic yards would be required to submit an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP), which would be subject to review and approval by the City. The ESCP would need to meet City standards of including erosion control best management practices (BMPs) such as avoidance of land-disturbing activities during the wet weather season, protection of existing vegetation, use of slope and slope stabilization BMPs, and containment of construction waste on-site. Individual projects disturbing more than one acre of ground would be required to obtain coverage under the State Construction General Permit, which requires preparation and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP); the SWPPP also must include BMPs to control contamination of surface flows and potential discharge of pollutants from commencement of construction through project completion.

Compliance with Construction General Permit, Monterey City Code (Chapter 31.5, Article 2) requirements, and submission of ESCP would ensure that BMPs would be implemented to control soil erosion and sedimentation and restrict non-stormwater discharges from construction sites as well as any release of hazardous materials. As a performance standard, the selected BMPs would represent the best available, economically achievable technology and the best conventional pollutant control technology. These standard NPDES and local required construction period measures would reduce the construction period pollutants entering waterbodies to a less-thansignificant level.

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Post-construction, other potential water quality impacts include runoff into storm drains or water bodies if proper minimization measures are not implemented. However, BMPs as required in the SWPPP and the Phase II Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit, ranging from source control to treatment of polluted runoff, would be implemented to reduce pollutants in stormwater and other nonpointsource runoff. Chapter 31.5, Article 2 of the City Code is also intended to protect and enhance water quality consistent with existing regulations. The ordinance requires operators of construction sites to install, implement, or maintain appropriate best management practices (BMPs) to maintain predevelopment stormwater runoff rates and prevent source pollution whenever possible.

Continued implementation of General Plan Conservation Element policies would also reduce potential impacts related to water quality and waste discharge standards, including Policy b.1. through which the City would continue public education and outreach programs to discourage illegal dumping; Policy b.2. through which the City would conduct regular street sweeping to minimize particulate matter pollution; Policy b.3. under which the City would require actions to minimize erosion for development on steep slopes; and Policy b.4. under which the City would restore wetlands, riparian areas, and other habitats, which provide remediation for degraded water quality. Therefore, compliance with existing federal, State and local regulations and continued implementation of General Plan policies would minimize the potential for violation of water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or substantially degradation of water quality. Associated impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.9-2 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede
sustainable groundwater management of the basin. (Less than Significant)
The Proposed Plan would have a significant impact if it would substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere with the sustainable management of groundwater basins. Groundwater basins in the vicinity of the Planning Area include the Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin, Salinas Valley Seaside Subbasin, and the Carmel Valley Subbasin - all of which are hydraulically connected by CalAm’s distribution system - as well as the Monterey Subbasin, from which MCWD wells draw water.

As discussed above, the Carmel Valley Subbasin is in an unmanaged area part of a medium-priority groundwater basin. Because it is an unmanaged area, it is not subject to an alternative to a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) or other exemption from Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) requirements. Also, based on the most recent SGMA 2019 Basin Prioritization, the Salinas Valley Seaside Subbasin is a very low priority basin, and therefore, does not require the adoption of a GSP. As such, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not interfere or impede sustainable groundwater management of these basins because they do not have a GSP.

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However, the Marina Coast Water District’s (MCWD) wells that would supply water to future development at Fort Ord are located in the Monterey Subbasin. As described in the Environmental Setting section, the State has designated the Monterey Subbasin as a medium-priority groundwater basin, and as such, it is subject to SGMA. A potentially significant impact could occur if groundwater in this Subbasin were drawn to serve the needs of new development at Fort Ord in a way that would result in a net deficit of aquifer volume or lead to a lowering of the water table.

Under SGMA, the Monterey Subbasin is required to develop a GSP, which was published in 2022.

The Monterey Subbasin GSP identifies projects and management actions that will allow the Monterey Subbasin to attain sustainability in accordance with §354.42 and §354.44 of the GSP Emergency Regulations. The goal of the projects and management actions is to address significant and unreasonable results related to the chronic lowering of groundwater levels and seawater intrusion in each management area. Specifically, projects and management actions to be led by MCWD are outlined in the GSP that will primarily benefit the Marina-Ord Area. These projects and management actions include MCWD demand management measures, stormwater recharge management, recycled water reuse through landscape irrigation and indirect potable reuse, and well monitoring. 30
According to the GSP, the potential projects presented, if implemented in aggregate, are adequate to supply the entirety of projected groundwater demands in the Marina-Ord Area. The GSP provides a path to achieve and document sustainable groundwater management within 20 years following Plan adoption and preserves the long-term sustainability of locally managed groundwater resources.31 Compliance with the SGMA legislation, by regularly demonstrating that the basin is not overdrafted, ensures that the groundwater draws will be carefully managed and sustainably used, and that the Proposed Plan will not substantially deplete groundwater supplies from increased demand. As such, compliance with SGMA legislation that requires implementation of the Monterey Subbasin GSP, development under the Proposed Plan would not interfere or impede sustainable groundwater management in the region.

Cal-Am also obtains groundwater from the Seaside Groundwater Basin. However, the State of California has limited the amount of water that can be drawn from both the Carmel Valley and the Seaside Basins. Withdrawals of surface water from the Carmel River have been limited to protect threatened species that live in the river. The Seaside Basin is under a court-ordered reduction schedule limiting groundwater withdrawals. Groundwater pumping is limited to protect the basin from overuse and to prevent saltwater intrusion into the aquifer, which would contaminate the freshwatersupply. Therefore, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge as the withdrawals of Carmel Valley and Seaside Basins are limited. See also DEIR Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, for further analysis regarding potable water supplies.
30 Marina Coast Water District Groundwater Sustainability Agency & Salinas Valley Basin Groundwater Sustainability Agency, 2022. Groundwater Sustainability Plan Monterey Subbasin. Available: https://svbgsa.org/monterey-subbasin/. Accessed:

February 5, 2024.
31 Ibid.

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Development associated with the Proposed Plan would be expected to increase the amount of impervious area within the Planning Area, which could also indirectly influence groundwater recharge. However, implementation of State and local stormwater management policies would result in an increase in the use of bioretention and other methods to slow rates of water flow and allow stormwater to infiltrate the soil, supporting groundwater recharge. In addition, as discussed in Impact 3.9-1, new development and redevelopment, depending on the area of impervious surfaces, would be required to incorporate on-site methods to result in no net increase in drainage off-site compared to pre-project site hydrology, including low impact development techniques that filter, store, evaporate, and detain runoff close to the source of rainfall and control the rate and/or volume of stormwater, allowing stormwater to naturally infiltrate soils. Based on the foregoing, at the program level, development under the Proposed Plan would not substantially decrease groundwater supplies and would not impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin.

Therefore, associated groundwater impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.9-3 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces in a manner which would result in substantial erosion, siltation, or flooding on- or off-site; substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite; create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or impede or redirect flood flows. (Less than Significant) Erosion, Siltation, and Flooding
Development associated with the Proposed Plan would be expected to increase the amount of impervious surface area within the Planning Area. Therefore, buildout of the Proposed Plan could increase runoff and alter existing drainage patterns resulting in erosion, siltation, and flooding.

Additionally, construction activities could involve excavation and disturbance of existing ground surface, exposing base soil and temporarily altering surface drainage patterns.

As discussed under Impact 3.9-1, any project with soil disturbance of at least 500 square feet or 50 cubic yards would be required to submit an ESCP. The ESCP would need to meet City standards of including erosion control BMPs, such as avoidance of land-disturbing activities during the wet weather season, protection of existing vegetation, use of slope and slope stabilization BMPs, and containment of construction waste on-site. Additionally, individual projects disturbing more than one acre of ground would be required to implement a SWPPP; with erosion and sediment control BMPs as required by the State’s Construction General Permit and MS4 Phase II Permit regulations.

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be identified in the SWPPP. These measures would be identified for each individual project and implemented during construction to reduce contamination and sedimentation in waterways.

The SWPPP would also include a range of stormwater control BMPs (e.g., installing silt fences, staked straw wattles, or geofabric to prevent silt runoff to storm drains or waterways); requirements for the stockpiling, protection, and replacement of topsoil and backfill at the conclusion of construction activities; and requirements for revegetation of turf, plants, and other vegetation upon completion of construction. Projects disturbing less than an acre of ground surface during construction would not be required to prepare a SWPPP but would be required to implement the construction site control BMPs required by the City’s MS4 NPDES permit. Development associated with the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with Provision E.10, which requires adoption and implementation of LID techniques, including the use of vegetated swales and retention basins and minimal use of impermeable surfaces to manage stormwater and maintain a site’s predevelopment runoff rates and volumes. Development would also be subject to requirements of the Construction General Permit, San Central Coast RWQCB Municipal Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program, and the City’s erosion and sediment control requirements. Compliance with applicable regulations and implementation of erosion and sediment control BMPs discussed above would ensure that impacts associated with substantial alteration of the existing drainage pattern of the Planning Area would be reduced. Therefore, at the program level, development under the Proposed Plan would not result in substantial erosion, siltation, or flooding on- or off-site and impacts would be less than significant.

Surface Runoff
The City owns and maintains the storm drainage collection system, which is comprised of reinforced concrete pipe, and discharges by permit to the Monterey Bay. As described above, the City’s stormwater conveyance system is designed to capture, direct, and convey peak storm event flows. Current stormwater requirements for construction and new development regulate both the quality and the quantity of storm runoff. Storm water quality is regulated under the Phase II MS4 Permit, of which the City of Monterey is a permittee. Developments within the Planning Area must meet comply with Provision E.10, which requires adoption and implementation of low-impact development (LID) techniques, including, among other things, infiltration and biotreatment, the use of vegetated swales and retention basins, and minimal use of impermeable surfaces, to manage stormwater and maintain a site’s predevelopment runoff rates and volumes. Guidelines for implementing these regulations are detailed in the MRSWMP Stormwater Technical Guide for Low Impact Development handbook and are reviewed and permitted by Monterey. Required compliance with existing local regulations would reduce the amount of runoff as well as the risks of the Proposed Plan contributing significant additional polluted runoff. Any new development associated with buildout of the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with best practices for stormwater treatment, as required by the City’s MS4 Permit. These stormwater treatment guidelines would require new development within the Planning Area to detain storm runoff with bioretention facilities, minimize surface flow velocities, and make use of all applicable LID techniques. New development, during both construction and operations phases, would be required to comply with the NPDES General Permit for Construction Activities, which requires the preparation of a SWPPP and implementation of BMPs to mitigate risks of polluted runoff.

Compliance with these regulations would reduce stormwater velocity and volume the maximum extent practicable, and as a result impacts would be less than significant.

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Impede or Redirect Flood Flows
Approximately 968 acres of the Planning Area is within the 100-year flood zone and an additional 85 acres is in the 500-year flood zone, as shown in Figure 3.9-4. The City participates in the Federal Flood Insurance Program and is thus required to comply with requirements of the program. New developments within areas of special flood hazard are kept on file at the City of Monterey Building Safety Division. New developments associated with buildout of the Proposed Plan, such as housing sites within the Cannery Row area, within the 100-year coastal and 500-year floodplain would be in compliance with the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance (Chapter 9. Article 7), which includes standards of construction (Section 9-71.1) and standards for coastal high hazard areas (Section 9-

71.5). To minimize flood hazards, standards of construction require anchoring to prevent flotation and collapse, as well as flood resistant materials as specified in FEMA Technical Bulletin TB2-93.

Standards for coastal high hazard areas include anchoring, filling, and prohibition of man-made alteration of sand dunes. Therefore, development under the Proposed Plan would not impede or redirect flood flows and impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.9-4 In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not risk release of pollutants due to project inundation. (Less than Significant)
As shown in Figure 3.9-4, the coastal flood zone extends along the northern part of the Planning area and some low-lying areas of the city are located in the FEMA-delineated 100-year 500-year flood zones. Further, as shown in Figure 3.9-5, the tsunami evacuation zone extends along the coastline and covers much of the Downtown area as well as parts of the Pacific-Munras-Cass opportunity area. A strong seismic event in the vicinity of the Planning Area could potentially result in a seiche in the Monterey Bay that could impact adjacent parts of the Planning Area.

Implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in residential and employment-oriented development in and adjacent to these hazard areas. Construction activities associated with this new development would involve the storage and use of fuels, lubricants, coatings, dyes, paints and other potential pollutants. Once operational, new development would also typically use cleaning solvents or landscaping chemicals that could potentially be released with the occurrence of a flood event, tsunami, or seiche.

New development would be required to comply with existing City regulations designed to minimize and avoid loss or damage due to flooding. Development in flood hazard areas is regulated by the standards in Chapter 9. Article 7, Flood Damage Prevention of the Monterey City Code which require that all new construction and substantial improvements be constructed with flood resistant materials using methods and practices that minimize flood damage. Additionally, as noted above, all development pursuant to the Proposed Plan would be subject to the applicable provisions of City Code Chapter 31.5, Article 2 regarding stormwater management and drainage control, which would help ensure pre-development stormwater runoff rates and prevent nonpoint source pollution whenever possible. Compliance with these regulations would limit the risk of loss and damage due to flooding, including the release of pollutants, to the maximum extent practicable, ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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and with compliance, associated impacts would be less than significant. The Planning Area is not located within an area at risk of flooding in the event of dam or levee failure. The Los Padres Dam is located 18 miles southeast of the Planning Area, while the Forest Lake Dam is located two miles west on the other side of hills. As such there is no substantial risk of pollutant release as a result of damn or levee inundation and there would be no associated impact.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.9-5 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan.
(Less than Significant)
As discussed under Impact 3.9-1, construction and operation associated with the Proposed Plan would comply with local, State, and federal regulations, including the NPDES Construction General Permit, Basin Plan, Central Coast Phase II MS4 Permit, and the City’s Code. Commonly practiced BMPs, as required by these regulations, would be implemented to control construction site runoff and reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm drain systems from stormwater and other nonpoint-source runoff. As part of compliance with permit requirements during grounddisturbing or construction activities associated with future development, implementation of water quality control measures and BMPs would ensure that water quality standards would be achieved, including the water quality objectives that protect designated beneficial uses of surface and groundwater, as defined in the Basin Plan. Construction runoff would also have to be in compliance with the water quality objectives for the region. The NPDES Construction General Permit requires stormwater discharges not to contain pollutants that cause or contribute to an exceedance of any applicable water quality objectives or water quality standards, including designated beneficial uses.

Therefore, the Proposed Plan would not obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan.

Further, as described under Impact 3.9-2, the Carmel Valley and Seaside subbasins are not subject to a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) or other Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) requirements. The nearest medium-priority basin with a GSP is the Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin, Monterey Subbasin. As noted in GSP, MCWD is developing new water supplies to support redevelopment of the former Fort Ord and to supplement its groundwater supplies, which include Indirect Potable Reuse through expansion of the Advanced Water Purification Facility, injection of advanced treated water into 180/400 Foot Aquifers and/or the Deep Aquifers, and extraction with new and existing MCWD production wells. As development at Fort Ord under the Proposed Plan is accounted for in the Monterey Subbasin GSP, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not interfere or impede sustainable groundwater management of a basin. Overall, impacts related to conflicts with a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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3.10 Land Use, Population, and Housing
This section assesses potential environmental impacts from implementation of the Proposed Plan related to land use, population, and housing. The analysis considers Proposed Plan consistency with other applicable land use plans and regulations, population growth, community division, and housing displacement. This section describes existing land uses, demographics, and housing in the Planning Area, as well as relevant federal, State, and local regulations and programs.

There were no responses to the Notice of Preparation (NOP) regarding topics covered in this section.

Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
Existing Land Use
The 8.67-square mile Planning Area includes a wide mix of uses, including residential, public/semipublic, parks, recreation, and open space, industrial, and commercial uses. The relative acreage and distribution of existing land uses throughout the Planning Area are shown in Figure 3.10-1 and Table 3.10-1.

Residential
Residential land uses account for 24.6 percent of land (1,371 acres) within the City limit, spread throughout the community. Residential is the single largest land use category in the City of Monterey. Single-family homes occupy most of the residential land at 18.9 percent (1051.4 acres).

Most of the single-family residential land use is found west of Pacific Street near the Presidio of Monterey. There is also a neighborhood of single-family homes near Alta Mesa Road and Via Mirada, directly north of the Del Monte Shopping Center. Single-family homes are also located east of Highway 68 near Fisherman’s Flat Greenbelt, and on both sides of North Fremont Street.

Multi-family residential uses, including duplexes and apartments, are also located throughout Monterey, most being situated near the Presidio of Monterey, Downtown, Lighthouse Avenue, Monterey Peninsula College, and North Fremont Street. Multi-family residential accounts for 5.7 percent (319.6 acres) of land within the Planning Area.

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P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way
N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icDr
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
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Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Naval
Postgraduate
School
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US Army
Presidio of
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Navy School
NSA Monterey Pines Annex
Golf Course
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J:\GISData\584 Monterey GP\GIS\Projects\EIR\Fig 2.2 Existing Land Use in the Planning Area1.mxd Residential
Single Family Residential
Duplex/Two Units
Multi Family Residential
Commercial
Service Station
Hotel/Motel/Lodging Commercial
General Commercial
Office
Mixed Uses
Industrial
Business Park/Light Industrial
General Industrial
Public/Quasi-Public
Hospital
Institutional
Public Facility
Schools/Educational Facility
Religious Facility
Parks/Open Space
Cemetery
Golf Course
Designated Parks, Recreation, Greenbelts
Informal Open Space
Harbor/Marina
Beach
Other
Vacant
Utilities
City of Monterey
Water
Figure 3.10-1: Existing Land Use
Data Source: City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022. µ
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Public/Institutional
Public/institutional land use designation applies to all publicly owned facilities and those private facilities operated to serve the public, excluding parks, recreation, and open space facilities, which have their own land use designation. Public and private schools, military facilities, cemetery, parking facilities, hospitals, museums, and historic buildings are the main uses within this category.

The Defense Language Institute, Monterey Peninsula College, the Monterey Institute for International Studies, and the Naval Post Graduate School are the most significant institutional uses within this designation. About 24.4 percent of land (1,359.7 acres) in the city is devoted to public/institutional uses.

Commercial
Commercial land use designation in Monterey applies to all types of commercial areas and allows the full range of commercial uses, including retail, office, visitor commercial, and professional offices. Commercial land use accounts for 4.5 percent of land (250.6 acres) within the city limit.

Commercial land use areas are generally mixed-use (i.e., a mix of commercial and residential buildings), and apartments, while having several amenities, access to services, jobs, and transportation, and public infrastructure which make them desirable for housing. The main commercial areas in Monterey include the Downtown area, focused around three-block-long Alvarado Street; Del Monte Shopping Center; commercial development along Lighthouse Avenue, Del Monte Avenue, and North Fremont Street; commercial areas in Cannery Row, Fisherman's Wharf, and along Munras Avenue; and medical offices concentrated around the Pacific-El DoradoCass Street area.

Industrial
About 1.4 percent of land (76.8 acres) in the city is devoted to industrial uses. The Industrial designation includes uses consisting mostly of business parks that have historically been dominated by office and lighter industrial uses. To broaden the city's economic base and provide an area for industrial development, a 300-acre Ryan Ranch area east of the city at the intersection of State Highways 68 and 218 was annexed in 1968 and is the primary reservoir of industrial land.

Parks
Parks, recreation, and open space land use designation includes neighborhood and community parks, community centers, and greenbelts and other open space areas. This includes the extensive open space network extending from the Monterey Bay to the hillsides surrounding the city, the open space resources provided by the Monterey Bay, the city’s greenbelts that are adjacent to developed areas, and both Lake El Estero and Del Monte Lake. About 16.4 percent of land (912.3 acres) in the city accounts for park, recreation, and open space uses.

Vacant
Vacant land accounts for 7.0 percent of the land within the city limit (398.8 acres). The largest vacant parcels can be found east of Highway 68 and south of Highway 1. Most vacant land is nestled ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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near the Monterey Regional Airport, Ryan Ranch Office Park, and Highway 1, adjacent to Scenic Drive and Highway 1, and some parcels near Cannery Row.

Table 3.10-1: Existing Land Use Summary
Land Use Acres Percent
Single-family Residential 1051.4 18.9%
Multi-family Residential 319.6 5.7%
Commercial 250.6 4.5%
Industrial 76.8 1.4%
Office 246.9 4.4%
Public/Institutional 1359.9 24.4%
Parks and Open Space 912.3 16.4%
Utilities 23.9 0.4%
Transportation & Misc. 937.5 16.8%
Vacant 398.8 7.0%
Total 5568.7 100.0%
Source: Monterey County Assessor.

Existing Conditions
In 2023, there were 13,825 housing units and 26,845 residents in the Planning Area according to the California Department of Finance Population and Housing Estimates.1 There were 22,246 jobs in the Planning Area according to the State of California Employment Development Department.2 Growth Projections
Housing
Future housing forecasts represent the implementation of the Proposed Plan and the City of Monterey’s obligation to meet their Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) share of 3,654 housing units from 2023 to 2031. The Proposed Plan would add a total of 5,787 housing units between 2023 and 2031, with the total number of housing units in the Planning Area projected to increase from 13,825 to 19,612, by approximately 42 percent. For the purposes of a conservative estimate of potential environmental impacts, this draft EIR considers 5,800 new housing units at buildout in 2031.

However, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG)’s Moving Forward Monterey Bay Appendix A 2022 Regional Growth Forecast (RGF) forecasts an addition of 912 units 1 California Department of Finance. May 2023. E-1 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State January 1, 2022 and 2023. Available: https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates-e1/. Accessed:

September 25, 2023.
2 California Department of Employment Development. Current Month Labor Force. Available:

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for the City of Monterey from 2015 to 2045, from 13,637 to 14,549. Consequently, Appendix A 2022 RGF does not align with and accommodate Monterey’s RHNA and does not depict accurate growth projections for the City itself as noted in Table 3.10-3. More information can be found in Regulatory Setting of AMBAG Moving Forward Monterey Bay 2045 below.

Population
As mentioned above, future housing forecasts represents the implementation of the Proposed Plan.

Population forecasts were derived from the future housing forecasts by applying an average household size and residential vacancy rate. An average household size of 1.94 and vacancy rate of

9.5 percent were used to calculate the population forecasts. As such, between 2023 and 2031, the city’s population is projected to increase by approximately 38 percent, growing from 26,845 to 36,949. For the purposes of a conservative estimate of potential environmental impacts, this draft EIR considers 10,125 new residents at buildout in 2031.

Employment
Regional employment projections by the AMBAG assumed there were 38,133 jobs in the city in 2015, as shown on Table 3.10-2. AMBAG’s Moving Forward Monterey Bay Appendix A 2022 RGF projects that the Monterey County’s employment will add 38,169 jobs between 2015 and 2045, for a total of 263,437 jobs by 2045. Specifically for the City of Monterey, the RGF forecasts an addition of 7,346 jobs from 2015 to 2045, from 38,133 to 45,509. However, data drawn from the United States Census Bureau demonstrates there were 24,980 jobs in 2015, which indicates the regional employment projections substantially overestimated the number of jobs in Monterey in 2015 by 53 percent. As a result, the employment assumptions were adjusted to use United States Census data as the baseline as it accurately captured the number of jobs in 2015. The updated number of jobs is 24,980 and is reflected in Table 3.10-3. After the baseline was calculated, the increment of job growth from the regional projections was applied to get future employment that accurately reflects the planning period. Between 2023 and 2031, the city’s total number of jobs is projected to increase to 24,237, a net increase of 1,991, or approximately 8.9 percent. For the purposes of a conservative estimate of potential environmental impacts, this draft EIR considers 1,995 new jobs at buildout in 2031.

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Table 3.10-2: Subregional Employment Forecast, 2015–2045 Change in 2015-2045
Geography 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Number Percent Monterey
County
225,268 243,015 245,054 249,613 253,918 258,553 263,437 38,169 17% Carmel-By-TheSea
3,353 3,566 3,593 3,674 3,752 3,833 3,915 562 17%
Del Rey Oaks 705 748 753 774 794 815 834 129 18%
Gonzales 5,764 6,326 6,382 6,533 6,660 6,788 6,920 1,156 20% Greenfield 7,227 7,882 7,948 8,061 8,177 8,298 8,423 1,196 17% King City 7,573 8,195 8,248 8,371 8,511 8,669 8,832 1,259 17% Marina 6,107 6,548 6,621 6,765 6,899 7,055 7,217 1,110 18% Monterey 38,133 40,989 41,527 42,506 43,452 44,465 45,509 7,376 19% Pacific Grove 7,470 8,016 8,061 8,152 8,244 8,343 8,445 975 13% Salinas 73,009 78,874 79,577 81,079 82,505 84,044 85,683 12,674 17% Sand City 1,966 2,092 2,102 2,151 2,188 2,224 2,259 293 15% Seaside 9,667 10,476 10,589 10,833 11,062 11,290 11,543 1,876 19% Soledad 8,532 9,010 9,079 9,161 9,235 9,333 9,462 930 11% Unincorporated 55,762 60,293 60,574 61,553 62,439 63,396 64,395 8,633 15% Source: AMBAG, 2022 Regional Growth Forecast, Table 7: Subregional Employment Forecast Table 3.10-3 presents the anticipated housing projections for the Planning Area between 2023 and 2031 based on buildout projections developed for the Proposed Plan.

Table 3.10-3: Planning Area Population and Job Growth Projections, 2015–2031 2015 2023 2031
Net Increase during Planning
Period
(2031-2023)
Percent Change during Planning
Period
(2031-2023)
Population 28,283 26,845 38,013 11,168 41.60%
Housing Units 13,650 13,825 19,612 5,787 41.86%
Jobs 24,980 20,743 22,734 1,991 9.60%
Source: Dyett & Bhatia, 2023; California Department of Finance, 2023; State of California Employment Development Department, 2023, United States Census Bureau American Community Survey Table DP05 and the OnTheMap tool, 2015.

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REGULATORY SETTING
Federal
There are no federal regulations applicable to land use, population, and housing in the Planning Area. State, regional, and local regulations are discussed below.

State
California Government Code
State law requires each city, town, and county in California to adopt a General Plan containing at least seven elements, including a Housing Element. Regulations regarding Housing Elements are found in the California Government Code sections 65580-65589. Although the Housing Element must follow State law, it is by its nature a local document. The focus of the Monterey Housing Element is on the needs and desires of Monterey residents and workers as they relate to housing in the community. Within these parameters, the intent of the Element is also to comply with State law requirements.

Unlike the other mandatory General Plan elements, the Housing Element requires periodic updating and is subject to detailed statutory requirements and mandatory review by the State of California Department of Housing and Community Development — HCD. According to State law, the Housing Element must:
• Provide goals, policies, quantified objectives, and scheduled programs to preserve, improve and develop housing.
• Identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs for all economic segments of the community.
• Identify adequate sites that will be zoned and available within the Housing Element planning period — between 2023 and 2031 — to meet the City’s share of regional housing needs at all income levels.
• Be submitted to HCD to review and certify that the Housing Element complies with State law.

State law establishes detailed content requirements for Housing Elements and establishes a regional “fair share” approach to distributing housing needs throughout all communities in the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG) region. The law recognizes that for the private sector and non-profit housing sponsors to address housing needs and demand, local governments must adopt land use plans and implementing regulations that provide opportunities for, and do not unduly constrain, housing development.

Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008 (Chapter 728, Statutes of 2008) The Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008, otherwise known as Senate Bill (SB) 375, requires the integration of land use, housing, and transportation planning to achieve regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, as adopted by the California Air Resources ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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Board. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to develop a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS)—a new element of the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP)—to plan for achieving GHG reduction targets. The SCS must demonstrate attainment of the regional GHG emissions reduction targets while accommodating the full projected population of the region.

Regional
AMBAG Moving Forward Monterey Bay 2045
The Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG), the regional Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) and Council of Governments (COG), adopted the 2045 Metropolitan Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (MTP/SCS) for the Monterey Bay Area in June 2022. The MTP/SCS named Moving Forward Monterey Bay 2045 is a comprehensive plan that coordinates land use patterns and transportation investments with the objective of developing an integrated, multimodal, and equitable transportation system for the AMBAG region, which includes Monterey, Santa Cruz, and San Benito counties.

Moving Forward Monterey Bay focuses on six key goals—Access and Mobility, Economic Vitality, Environment, Healthy Communities, Social Equity, and System Preservation and Safety—outlining transportation management strategies and future land use and development patterns to improve the transportation system to meet the diverse needs of the region through 2045. Access and Mobility focuses on convenient, accessible, and reliable travel options while maximizing productivity for all people and goods in the region. Economic Vitality seeks to raise the region’s standard of living by enhancing the performance of the transportation system. Key goal Environment centers the promotion of environmental sustainability and protection of the natural environment. Healthy Communities aims to protect the health of AMBAG’s residents, foster efficient development patterns that optimize travel, housing, and employment choices and encourage active transportation. Social Equity focuses on the providing an equitable level of transportation services to all segments of the population, while System Preservation and Safety centers on the preservation and sustainability of a safe regional transportation system.

One of the main goals of Moving Forward Monterey Bay is to reduce GHG emissions from cars and light-duty trucks through 2050 to meet State goals for 2035 and 2050 GHG emissions reduction targets. As described above, under SB 375, COGs such as AMBAG must develop an SCS as part of the RTP. Moving Forward Monterey Bay 2045 functions as both the SCS and the RTP for the region. To reduce GHG emissions, Moving Forward Monterey Bay promotes increased density via infill development and mixed-use in existing commercial corridors in combination with high quality transit service, that is bus service that has headways of 15 minutes or less during the peak period or rail service. As part of the MTP/SCS process, AMBAG worked with local jurisdictions to update Opportunity Areas. Opportunity Areas are places in the region with the highest chance for successful sustainable growth in the future; they are generally located where Transit Priority Areas and Economic Development Areas within the AMBAG region overlap. This effort also identified Transit Priority Areas as locations that have both supportive land use densities and high-quality transit service/connections for each Opportunity Area. Within the City of Monterey, the MTP/SCS identified the following Opportunity Areas, which correspond to several of the Opportunity Areas identified in the Proposed Plan: Lighthouse (AMBAG Area MO-1), Downtown (AMBAG Area MO-2), North Fremont (AMBAG Area MO-3), and Garden Road (AMBAG Area MO-4).

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Moving Forward Monterey Bay Appendix A 2022 RGF projects that the region’s population will grow by approximately 107,500 people between 2015 and 2045, for a total population of just under 869,800 in 2045. The RGF also projects that the region will add 65,500 jobs between 2015 and 2045, for a total of just over 442,800 jobs by 2045. Specifically for the City of Monterey, the RGF forecasts an addition of 7,346 jobs from 2015 to 2045, from 38,133 to 45,509. In terms of population, the RGF forecasts an addition of 1,553 people from 2015 to 2045, from 28,086 to 29,639. In terms of housing units, the RGF forecasts an addition of 912 units from 2015 to 2045, from 13,637 to 14,549.

Consequently, Appendix A 2022 RGF does not accommodate Monterey’s RHNA and does not depict accurate growth projections for the City itself as noted in Table 3.10-3.

AMBAG Regional Housing Needs Allocation
The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process is intended to ensure that adequate housing is available for all income groups in communities throughout California. The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) determines the regional need based on population projections and other factors including rates of vacancy, overcrowding, and costburden. Population projections and other factors are required to distribute the region’s share of statewide need to cities and counties within its jurisdiction. The purpose of the RHNA is to allocate a share of the Monterey Bay Area’s projected housing need to cities and counties by household income group, categorized as “very low,” “low,” “moderate,” and “above moderate.” According to the Draft 2023–2031 RHNA, AMBAG has determined that Monterey’s share of regional housing need for the period from December 15, 2023 through December 15, 2031 would be 3,654 units.

Approximately 1,177 of these units would be allocated as housing affordable to very low-income households, 769 units would be allocated for low income households, 462 units would be allocated to moderate income, and 1,246 units would be allocated for above moderate income households.3 The AMBAG Executive Board adopted the Final 6th Cycle RHNA Plan in October 2022.

Local
City of Monterey General Plan 2005 (General Plan)
Adopted on January 2005, the City of Monterey General Plan is the City’s long-range planning document that represents the community’s vision for future development. It contains twelve elements with goals and policies to guide development in the Planning Area, including Urban Design, Land Use, Circulation, Housing, Conservation, Open Space, Safety, Noise, Economic, Social, Historic Preservation, and Public Facilities. The Monterey General Plan envisions the Planning Area as a small-scale residential community beside the Bay, framed by a forested hill backdrop and drawing its charm from a rich historical background, certain commercial enterprises, and natural scenic beauty.
3 Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments. October 2022. Final 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) Plan 2023-2031. Available: https://www.ambag.org/sites/default/files/2023- 05/PDFA_AMBAG%20RHNA%202023-2031_Final%20Plan_051823.pdf. Accessed: September 26, 2023.

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2015-2023 Housing Element
The Housing Element is one of the State-mandated elements that must be included in the City’s General Plan. State law stipulates that the Housing Element include certain items, such as a Housing Needs Assessment; goals, policies and objectives regarding housing in Monterey; and implementation programs to work toward achieving those goals. In May 2015, the City adopted the 2015-2023 Housing Element Update to cover the eight-year planning period from December 2015 through December 2023. The Proposed Plan is a comprehensive update to the 2015-2023 Housing Element.

Monterey City Code
The Monterey City Code contains many of the ordinances for the City of Monterey. The City Code is organized by chapters, articles, divisions, and sections, and includes the City’s Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 38 of the Monterey City Code). Detailed zoning regulations—including permitted and conditional uses, and development regulations—including provisions related to building height, bulk, and massing—are directly integrated within the Monterey Zoning Ordinance. Zoning regulations most relevant to land use, population, and housing are in the Zoning Ordinance.

The City’s Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 38 of the Monterey City Code) divides the community into base and overlay districts, specifying the uses that are permitted, conditionally permitted, and, in some instances, uses that are specifically prohibited within each district. Each zoning district has development standards that are designed to protect and promote the health, safety, and general welfare of the community. Within a typical district, there are regulations related to land use, lot size, coverage, building heights, parking, landscaping, and design criteria. The City Code also includes an Affordable Housing Ordinance (Chapter 8, Article 1, Low- and Moderate-Income Housing) which requires that all new housing developments consisting of six or more units to make 20 percent of the proposed units available to, and affordable to, very low-, low-, and moderateincome households.

Specific Plans
The following neighborhood and specific plans adopt a vision, goals, policies, and standards within the City’s mixed-use neighborhoods to ensure preservation of the City’s historic resources citywide.

Highway 68 Area Plan
The Highway 68 Area Plan was adopted in June 1984 and encompasses 4,943 acres including Tarpey Flats, Monterra, Laguna Seca, and Aguajito areas. The plan describes goals and policies that will guide the development of the Highway 68 Area that protects current and future Monterey residents from adverse impacts of Highway 68 development, preserve the Monterey environment and quality of life, meet the social needs of Monterey citizens, and support the Monterey economy.

The plan claims a maximum of 3,550 dwelling units will be permitted in the Monterra, Laguna Seca, and Aguajito areas, which are predominately located outside of the City’s incorporated area and were envisioned for annexation. Specifically, for the Monterey Peninsula Unified School District (MPUSD) 50-acre site, the Highway 68 Area Plan calls for the development of 300 low-income and ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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moderate-income housing units. No specific projections are discussed for commercial, or office uses, but a compatible mix of commercial and residential uses are encouraged.

Goal B. To increase the supply of housing units to ease the housing needs of current and future residents of the City of Monterey while protecting the environmental and scenic qualities of the Monterra area.

Policy 1. A maximum of 1,700 dwelling units will be permitted on Monterra.

Downtown Specific Plan
The Downtown Specific Plan was adopted in October 2013 and most recently amended in July 2023. The Planning Area encompasses approximately 106 acres between Downtown and East Downtown. The Plan aims to develop a clean, enticing, and safe environment that provides gathering spaces and draws visitors into the area and offers a variety of services, events, and retail establishments. It establishes nine districts in the Planning Area and identifies several opportunity sites for commercial and residential development. The Alvarado District has the potential to build housing at a higher density, while Pierce has several small lots that could also be developed into residential uses. Proposed infrastructure projects include improvements to the Alvarado Mall, Simoneau Plaza, Custom House Plaza, and the addition of sidewalk seating. Downtown buildout projections include 912 residential units, with the caveat that limited water sources will restrict the scenario to 260 units, and a total of 50,000 square feet of commercial use.

Lighthouse Specific Plan
The Lighthouse Specific Plan was adopted in September 2016, and further amended June 2023. The Plan guides the future development of the mixed-use area along Lighthouse Avenue and Foam Street, containing residences, retail shops, and services. The Planning Area includes the Lighthouse Avenue and Foam Street corridors, bordered by the Pacific Grove City Limits at David Avenue to the Lighthouse Tunnel and connecting side streets adjacent to the Lower Presidio area. The main objective of the Lighthouse Specific Plan is to guide development of a transit-oriented mixed-use community and revitalized destination point. Buildout projections include accommodating up to 113 dwelling units (as part of the 260 units projected by the 2005 General Plan) and a 35,000- square-foot net increase in total commercial land use. The Plan includes design objectives, guidelines, and standards for land use and development provides guidance for improved bicycle boulevards, streetscapes, sewer collection, storm drainage, low impact design, and utility undergrounding.

North Fremont Specific Plan
The North Fremont Specific Plan was adopted in April 2014 and amended in August 2016. The Planning Area consists of approximately 48 acres on both sides of North Fremont Street from the eastern City limits west to State Highway 1. The area is designated by the City’s General Plan as one of three “Mixed-Use Neighborhoods,” including Downtown and Cannery Row and Lighthouse Avenue described earlier. The Plan aims to direct future population growth into mixed use areas by emphasizing attractive design concepts and development guidelines that will provide unique character, improved pedestrian experience, commercial opportunities, connections to the ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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neighborhood, and bus transportation. Buildout projections list 130 new dwelling units on North Fremont Street and 50,000 square feet of new commercial development. The Plan encourages residential development as part of mixed-use projects and specifies alternatives for streetscapes, parking, and circulation as the area carries significant traffic off of Highway 1.

Impact Analysis
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if implementation of the proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Physically divide an established community; Criterion 2: Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect;
Criterion 3: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure); or Criterion 4: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere.

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
Potential impacts resulting from implementation of the Proposed Plan were evaluated based on relevant information from the planning and policy documents listed in the Regulatory Setting section of this chapter and in consideration of Proposed Plan policies.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Plan contains the following goals and policies relevant to land use, population, and housing. The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix B for reference:

Land Use Element
Goal A: Establish a compact, sustainable land use and development pattern with boundaries defined by the Santa Lucia Mountains and the Monterey Bay.

Policy A.1: Foster an integrated mix of employment, housing, educational, visitor-oriented, entertainment, recreational and open space uses throughout the city to support a complete community.

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Policy A.2: Balance levels of employment and housing within the community to reduce commute times, improve air quality, and provide more opportunities for those who work in Monterey to live locally.

Policy A.4: Focus new development primarily in commercial districts and mixed use neighborhoods so as to support the vitality of existing businesses, optimize the use of utility infrastructure, and reduce vehicle trip frequency, length, and associated emissions.

Policy A.8: Reinforce the visual, pedestrian, and bicycle connection between City neighborhoods and the Bay so that residents have exceptional non-automobile access to the Bay.

Goal B: Create and nurture a series of distinctive, walkable, mixed use neighborhoods in Monterey.

Policy B.1: Develop and implement specific plans and zoning to guide development in the mixed use neighborhoods, recognizing that each mixed use neighborhood is unique and requires tailored development and design standards, multi-modal improvements, and infrastructure financing strategies.

Policy B.5: Create an attractive, safe environment for bicycles and pedestrians that promotes "micro-mobility" and connectivity to and within the mixed use neighborhoods.

Policy B.6: Encourage site designs that create an active street frontage and screen parking from the frontages of major thoroughfares.

Housing Element
Housing Goal #1. Increase housing supply and facilitate production of at least 3,654 new homes by 2031.

Policy 1.2 Promote infill development in adopted Specific Plan areas where high density residential development can be accommodated in proximity to employment, shopping, transit, recreation, and other services.

Policy 1.3 Recognizing that infill development alone will not be sufficient to meet the City's RHNA obligations, plan holistically to integrate new housing in context sensitive ways on larger vacant properties in the southeast of Monterey to take advantage of opportunities where they exist.

Policy 1.6 Continue to partner with and support non-profit and for-profit organizations in their efforts to construct, acquire, and improve housing to accommodate households with lower and moderate incomes.

Policy 1.7 Provide opportunities and facilitate innovative housing approaches in financing, design, construction, and types of housing to increase the variety and supply of lower and moderate-income housing.

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Program 1-B Multi-Family Residential Overlay Amendments.

Program 1-E Education Workforce Housing Overlay.

Program 1-F Congregational Overlay.

Program 1-H Fort Ord/Ryan Rach Specific Plan.

Program 1-K Employer Sponsored Housing.

Program 1-I Highway 68 Area Plan Update.

Housing Goal #2. Remove or reduce barriers to housing production in Monterey and address the regulatory, process, and market factors that limit and adversely affect affordability.

Policy 2.3 Develop zoning standards to encourage smaller multi-unit housing types including fourplexes, townhouses, and rowhouses.

Program 2-B Permit Thresholds for Multi-Family Projects.

Program 2-E Revise Parking Requirements.

Housing Goal #3. Provide for fair and equal housing opportunities for all persons, regardless of protected characteristics such as age, sex, family status, race, creed, color, or national origin, etc.

Policy 3.3 Promote a wider variety of housing types in High Resource areas of Monterey.

Program 3-C Local Density Bonus.

Program 3-E Home Sharing and Tenant Matching.

Program 3-F Affirmative Marketing of Affordable Housing Opportunities.

Housing Goal #4. Take action to prevent homelessness and address the needs of unhoused people.

Housing Goal #5. Monitor the effectiveness of housing programs to ensure that they respond to housing needs.

Program 6-D Development and Replacement Unit Requirements.

Circulation Element
Goal a. A transportation network that is complemented by land uses that are easily accessible by walking, bicycling, or utilizing transit.

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Policy a.10. Require proposed developments to provide ADA improvements, sidewalks or pedestrian connections, bicycle facilities, or transit facilities which would provide active transportation access to the development.

Goal b. A safe and well-maintained roadway system that efficiently moves people and goods across all modes of transportation.

Policy b.1. Create and maintain a roadway system of “Complete Streets” that is safe and easy to use for all modes of transportation.

Policy b.6. Establish a list of guidelines and considerations for Complete Streets in the City’s multimodal plan, maximizing safety through design.

Goal c. A safe, reliable, connected, and integrated bicycle transportation network that encourages bicycling as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

IMPACTS
Impact 3.10-1 Development under the Proposed Plan would not physically divide an established community. (No Impact)
The physical division of an established community typically refers to the construction of a linear feature, such as an interstate highway or railroad tracks, or removal of a means of access, such as a local bridge, that would affect mobility within an existing community or between a community and outlying area. However, physical division could also occur if large buildings were designed in such a way so as to create “walls” or oriented in such a way that would obstruct movement or circulation on commonly used routes. The Proposed Plan does not involve the construction of a linear feature or other barrier as described above and would not remove any means of access or mobility.

The Proposed Plan includes numerous policies that would foster connectivity within the community. Proposed Land Use Element Policy A.4 seeks to focus new development in commercial areas and mixed use neighborhoods, while Policy B.1 calls for the development and implementation of specific plans to guide development in infrastructure improvements in mixed use neighborhoods. Implementation of these policies would increase walkability, bikability and connectivity by fostering mixed use development. Implementation of proposed Land Use Element policies A.1, which promotes balance of uses in the community, and A.2, which seeks to balance levels of employment and housing within the City and reduce in/out commuting, would also support and increase connectivity within the Planning Area. Other policies that promote connectivity include: Policy A.8, which seeks to reinforce connectivity to the Bay; Policy B.5 which promotes a safe and attractive environment for bicycles and pedestrians; and Policy B6, which focuses on active street frontages. Proposed Circulation Element Policy A.10 promotes a transportation network complemented by land uses that are easily accessible by walking, bicycling, or utilizing transit and requires ADA improvements, sidewalks, pedestrian connections, and bicycle facilities. Proposed policies that support Circulation Element Goals B and C also seek to foster a safe, well-maintained, reliable, and integrated roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian network that both efficiently moves people and goods across all modes of transportation, but also increases connectivity between neighborhoods and major city destinations.

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Therefore, overall, because the Proposed Plan would not introduce any physical barriers to the Planning Area and would generally improve connectivity for all users, it would result in no impact with respect to physically dividing an existing community.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.10-2 Development under the Proposed Plan would not cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. (No Impact) Regional Plans
In June 2022, AMBAG adopted Moving Forward - Monterey Bay 2045, the Metropolitan Transportation Plan and Sustainable Communities Strategy (MTP/SCS). The MTP/SCS is built on a set of integrated policies, strategies, and investments to maintain and improve the transportation system to meet the diverse needs of the region through 2045. It is a comprehensive planning effort that coordinates land use patterns and transportation investments with the objective of developing an integrated, multimodal and equitable transportation system. The MTP/SCS projects that the AMBAG region will grow more slowly than the state and nation, adding approximately 42,000 new homes and 65,000 new jobs by 2045. Appendix A of the MTP/SCS provides a breakdown of growth projections by jurisdiction, with the City of Monterey projected to add 7,376 new jobs and 912 new homes between 2015 and 2045.

As described above, the MTP/SCS was prepared prior to the adoption of the RHNA allocations for the AMBAG region and does not reflect the subsequent allocation of housing units to jurisdictions for the 2023-31 period. The City of Monterey has a legal obligation to plan to accommodate at least 3,654 new homes during the planning period in order to meet its RHNA obligations, which is more than four times the number of new homes the MTP/SCS projects for the City over the 20-year period from 2015-2045. Additionally, the MTP/SCS assumes a baseline number of jobs in the City which is nearly 50 percent higher than indicated in US Census data. Therefore, the Proposed Plan appropriately deviates from the growth projections in the MTP/SCS and is based on growth projections that reflect the City's assessed share of the 2023-31 RHNA and a corrected employment baseline. Implementation of the Proposed Plan is projected to result in up to 5,800 new homes and 1,995 new jobs in Monterey by 2031. Projected housing growth reflects the City's RHNA allocation of 3,654 new homes with a buffer, as required to ensure the City can navigate the "no net loss" provisions of State law.4 Projected employment growth represents the increment of jobs growth for the City assumed in the MTP/SCS for the 2023-31 period, but the total number of jobs resulting in 4 The "no net loss" provisions of State Planning and Zoning Law (Gov't Code § 65863) provide that if housing developments are approved on sites in the Housing Element with fewer lower income units than projected, the City must demonstrate that it still has enough sites designated in the Housing Element to accommodate the City’s remaining need for lower income housing.

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2031 is projected to be lower than in the MTP/SCS, reflecting the correction to the baseline employment levels.

Even though the Proposed Plan appropriately uses growth projections that differ from the MTP/SCS, it is nevertheless broadly consistent with the policies and implementing strategies of the MTP/SCS, as shown on Table 3.10-4. The Proposed Plan incorporates numerous strategies to accommodate infill development and focus new growth so as to balance levels of employment and housing within the community to reduce commute times, improve air quality, and provide more opportunities for those who work in Monterey to live locally. It also incorporates "complete streets" strategies and seeks to promote safety and security along transit access routes. Additionally, the Proposed Plan would support the performance outcomes identified in the MTP/SCS, in that it would reduce commute travel times, increase the percentage of the population in proximity to high quality transit, promote active transportation, and increase the percentage of low income residents who live within a 1/2-mile of transit.

Table 3.10-4: Moving Forward Monterey Bay Strategies Applicable to the Proposed Plan
Implementation Strategies Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies Land Use and Housing
Encourage infill housing by
working with local jurisdictions
to update municipal policies,
such as reduced fees tax credits
or exemptions, graduated
density bonuses, and reduced
parking requirements for
redevelopment, affordable
housing, or mixed use in
Opportunity Areas.

Proposed Land Use Element Policies:

Policy A.2: Balance levels of employment and housing within the community to reduce commute times, improve air quality, and provide more opportunities for those who work in Monterey to live locally.

Policy A.4: Focus new development primarily in commercial districts and mixed use neighborhoods so as to support the vitality of existing businesses, optimize the use of utility infrastructure, and reduce vehicle trip frequency, length, and associated emissions.

Proposed Housing Element Programs:

Housing Element (HE) Program-1-C: Specific Plan Updates.

HE Program 1-D: Permit Streamlining Pilot Project.

HE Program 1-E: Education Workforce Housing Overlay.

HE Program 1-G: Surplus Municipal Parking Facilities.

HE Program 2-E: Revise Parking Requirements.

HE Program 2-L: Moratorium on Vehicle Storage.

HE Program 3-C: Local Density Bonus.

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Table 3.10-4: Moving Forward Monterey Bay Strategies Applicable to the Proposed Plan
Implementation Strategies Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies Meet state requirements to
complete the Regional Housing
Needs Assessment by
quantifying existing and future
housing needs resulting from
population, employment, and
household growth.

HE Program 1-A: Inventory of Available Sites.

HE Program 1-B: Multi-Family Residential Overlay Amendments.

HE Program 1-C: Specific Plan Updates.

HE Program 1-D: Permit Streamlining Pilot Project.

HE Program 1-E: Education Workforce Housing Overlay.

HE Program 1-F: Congregational Overlay.

HE Program 1-G: Surplus Municipal Parking Facilities.

HE Program 1-H: Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch Specific Plan.

HE Program 1-I: Highway 68 Area Plan Update.

HE Program 1-J: SB 9 Housing Ordinance.

HE Program 1-K : Employer Sponsored Housing.

Transportation
Facilitate local jurisdiction
adoption and implementation of
a complete streets policy by
recommending adoption of the
region’s guidelines. Encourage
local jurisdictions to implement
design principles consistent with
the regional complete streets
guidelines whenever completing
local streets and road projects.

Initiate a technical assistance
program to help local agencies
develop street designs or
implement complete streets that
are sensitive to their
surroundings and context.

Circulation Element (CE) Goal b. A safe and well-maintained roadway system that efficiently moves people and goods across all modes of transportation.

CE Policy b.1: Create and maintain a roadway system of
“Complete Streets” that is safe and easy to use for all modes of transportation.

CE Policy b.6: Establish a list of guidelines and considerations for Complete Streets in the City’s multimodal plan, maximizing safety through design.

Improve safety and security at
crosswalks, transit stops and
along main access routes to
transit, including rural areas,
with higher priority for low
income, minority and high crime
areas.

CE Goal d. A safe, accessible, connected and integrated pedestrian transportation network that encourages walking as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

CE Policy d.2: Design intersections to improve pedestrian safety and mobility.

CE Policy d.5: Establish Crosswalk Guidelines which provide standards for the strategic placement of pedestrian crossings throughout the City in the City’s multimodal plan, as well as the basis for relocating and eliminating crosswalks.

Support projects that improve
mobility and accessibility for
seniors and people with
disabilities.

CE Policy i.15: Promote social justice and equity by prioritizing projects that increase mobility options to disadvantaged communities within the City and the region.

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Table 3.10-4: Moving Forward Monterey Bay Strategies Applicable to the Proposed Plan
Implementation Strategies Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies Environment
Assess the vulnerability of
critical infrastructure to the
impacts of climate change.

CE Policy i.4: Identify and adapt transportation infrastructure vulnerable to natural disasters, climate change, or extreme weather events.

Source: Moving Forward Monterey Bay, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2023.

As shown in Table 3.10-4, the Proposed Plan would support the key objectives of Moving Forward Monterey Bay throughout the Planning Area, including the goal of fostering housing and jobs in proximity to transit in order to reduce VMT and GHG emissions. Therefore, the Proposed Plan would not conflict with Moving Forward Monterey Bay.

Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan
The Monterey Regional Airport is located outside but immediately adjacent to the southeastern boundary of the Planning Area. Airport operations are governed by an Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP), developed to ensure the safety and welfare of residents, businesses, and airport users while supporting the continued operation of the airport. The ALUCP establishes seven airport safety zones that cover almost all land within the City of Monterey. Within the six zones closest to the airport, ALUCP land use compatibility standards restrict the development of land uses that could pose particular hazards to the public in the event of an aircraft accident. The seventh safety zone is the Airport Influence Area (AIA), within which the risk of aircraft accident is considered to be low. Development in the vicinity of the airport or with the potential to extend into navigable airspace or impede taking off or landing must be referred to the Airport Land Use Commission for compatibility review.

The proposed Land Use Element incorporates a new Airport Compatibility Overlay with performance standards oriented to protecting airport operations and ensuring public safety. The purpose of the overlay is to resolve conflicts with respect to permitted development types and intensities on properties in the vicinity of the Monterey Regional Airport that have resulted from an update to the ALUCP prepared by the County in 2019. The overlay would be applied to the General Plan Land Use map as shown on Figure 2-4 and would permit continuance of existing uses and allow for new development or expansion of existing uses only as consistent with the ALUC infill exemption; establish requirements for ALUC notification and project approval; and incorporate new mitigation requirements for interior noise levels by land use type. Additionally, with implementation of Policy C.2, the City would refer all projects that may penetrate aeronautical surfaces identified in the ALUCP or impede approach/departure visibility within the Monterey Regional Airport Influence Area to the Airport Land Use Commission for consistency review prior to issuing local development permits; and through Policy C.3, would reduce the potential for bird strikes, and electromagnetic interference, and glare in order to help ensure that development adjacent to the airport would not adversely affect airport operations. Therefore, the Proposed Plan would not conflict with the ALUCP.

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Local Plans and Regulations
Local land use plans and regulations that cover the Planning Area include the City of Monterey General Plan, the City Code, and specific plans. The Proposed Plan is a targeted update to the 2005 General Plan, focused on the Land Use, Housing, Circulation, and Safety Elements. The goals and policies of other elements have been retained. The proposed Land Use Element builds on the key themes of the 2005 General Plan with a policy framework and land use classifications that seek to establish a compact, sustainable land use and development pattern and to create and nurture a series of distinctive, walkable, mixed use neighborhoods in Monterey. A new Mixed Use Neighborhood classification which would apply to locations identified in the existing General Plan to accommodate high density infill housing, including the Downtown, North Fremont, and Lighthouse Avenue Specific Plan Areas, as well as in Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area.

Through proposed Policy A.1, the City would seek to foster an integrated mix of uses throughout the Planning Area; through Policy A.2, the City would seek to balance levels of employment and housing; and through Policy A.4, the City would focus new development in commercial districts and mixed use neighborhoods. Implementation of these policies would to reduce commute times, improve air quality, and provide more opportunities for those who work in Monterey to live locally - key objectives from the 2005 General Plan. Therefore, the Proposed Plan reinforces the overall development concept articulated in the 2005 General Plan, with adjustments as needed to ensure the Land Use Diagram has adequate capacity to accommodate the City's RHNA obligations.

The proposed Housing Element is consistent with the Monterey General Plan, which seeks to encourage housing, including mixed-use housing to meet the needs of business (Economic Element Goal D), as well as preserve existing and encourage development of new family housing in Monterey (Social Element Policy a.1). The Housing Element identifies zoning amendments needed to accommodate RHNA. These amendments generally increase capacity and facilitate housing development in areas identified in the existing General Plan as appropriate for development. As such, the amendments are generally consistent with the vision for promoting distinctive, walkable, mixed use neighborhoods within the City limit while also preserving and enhancing the natural and scenic resources that contribute to community character. The zoning amendments would be completed after adoption of the Proposed Plan.

The proposed Circulation Element addresses new State legislation and includes updates to the City’s goals and policies as they relate to transportation and land use; the street system; the bicycle, pedestrian, and transit network; vehicle miles traveled; existing parking facilities; transportation safety; environmental and social justice; transportation system management; and Airport transportation. The proposed Safety Element incorporates new data, information, and maps related to flooding, sea level rise, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, and seismic hazards, as well as strategies to increase emergency preparedness, response, and evacuation capacity. The proposed Safety Element also incorporates the 2022 City of Monterey Annex to the Monterey County MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan by reference, ensuring consistency across documents.

In addition to its General Plan, the City of Monterey has adopted specific plans for some areas within the City to tailor appropriate development standards and policies to individual neighborhoods, as described in the Regulatory Setting above. By State law, specific plans must be consistent with the General Plan. With implementation of the Proposed Plan, specific, targeted amendments to the standards in the Downtown, North Fremont, and Lighthouse Avenue Specific ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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Plans would be made as identified in proposed Housing Element Program 1-C to ensure consistency of the specific plans with the Proposed Plan. Other policies and standards in the specific plans would remain in effect, including policies and standards included in these specific plans adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect.

Therefore, overall, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not conflict with regional, airport land use, or local plans, policies, or regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. Associated impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.10-3 Development under the Proposed Plan would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure). (Less than Significant)
A project could induce substantial unplanned growth if it would involve the extension of roadway or utility infrastructure that would facilitate non-contiguous development in a previously undeveloped area, such as a new subdivision on agricultural land beyond the City's Sphere of Influence. The Proposed Plan would not involve such extensions of infrastructure. Rather, the Proposed Plan would facilitate residential, mixed use, and employment-oriented development within the City limit on previously developed land, land near employment centers such as the former Fort Ord, or in areas identified through previous City planning efforts as appropriate for development (such as within the boundaries of the Highway 68 Area Plan).

The Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 1,995 new jobs in Monterey by 2031, and it incorporates numerous policies and programs to ensure that this growth is accommodated in an orderly fashion while minimizing adverse effects on the environment. Implementation of the proposed Land Use Element would involve fostering an integrated mix of employment, housing, educational, visitor-oriented, entertainment, recreational and open space uses throughout the city to support a complete community (Policy A.1); providing more opportunities for those who work in Monterey to live locally to reduce commute times and improve air quality (Policy A.2); focusing new development primarily in commercial districts and mixed use neighborhoods so as to support the vitality of existing businesses, optimize the use of utility infrastructure, and reduce vehicle trip frequency, length, and associated emissions (Policy A.3); and developing and implementing specific plans and zoning to guide development in the mixed use neighborhoods, with tailored development and design standards, multi-modal improvements, and infrastructure financing strategies for each mixed use neighborhood. The proposed Land Use Element also incorporates a new airport compatibility overlay, and Policy C.1 requires that new development be compatible with the standards for land uses, density, and intensity specified in the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) for the Monterey Regional Airport in order to promote public safety and minimize airport land use conflicts.

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Further, the Proposed Plan would also involve implementation of Housing Element Program 1-C, under which the City would update standards in the Downtown, North Fremont, and Lighthouse Avenue Specific Plans to accommodate housing as needed to meet its RHNA obligations; Program 1-E, under which the City would adopt an educational workforce housing overlay and associated zoning standards to integrate faculty and staff housing on some MPUSD school campuses; Program 1-H, which involves the adoption of a specific plan for the former Fort Ord property to foster creation of a mixed-use village on a portion of the site, preserve areas of natural open space, identify infrastructure needs and financing mechanisms, and establish measures to ensure sustainable development and adequate resource protection; and Program 1-I, which involves amending the Highway 68 Area Plan to accommodate mixed income housing on the 50-acre MPUSD site and incorporate infrastructure financing mechanisms. As such none of the new development pursuant to the Proposed Plan would be unplanned.

As noted above, residential growth under the Proposed Plan would exceed regional projections because the AMBAG RTP/SCS did not fully accommodate the 2023-31 RHNA allocation for jurisdictions within the region, including the City of Monterey; however, non-residential growth under the Proposed Plan would be consistent with the AMBAG RTP/SCS. Further, the Proposed Plan incorporates policies and programs to ensure that planned residential and non-residential growth is accommodated in an orderly fashion and in a manner that promotes a sustainable development pattern and minimizes adverse environmental effects. Therefore, the Proposed Plan would not induce substantial unplanned growth. Associated impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.10-4 Development under the Proposed Plan would not displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere. (Less than Significant)
The Proposed Plan would result in the construction of up to 5,800 new housing units by 2031, most of which would be accommodated on previously developed sites. Some of the sites identified in the proposed Housing Element contain existing housing units, which could be demolished and replaced with redevelopment. However, Program 6-D in the proposed Housing Element requires that any lower income units displaced with redevelopment on a non-vacant site identified in the Housing Element be replaced with units affordable to the same or lower income level as a condition of project approval. As such, replacement of any directly displaced lower income units would be required and the total net new units constructed pursuant to the Proposed Plan would far exceed the number of units that may be directly displaced. Indirect displacement resulting from development within the Planning Area could potentially occur through the process of neighborhood economic and demographic change in an existing area, which often results from real estate investment and increased demand from higher-income residents. However, existing City regulations and Proposed Plan policies and programs contain numerous anti-displacement measures that would help minimize or avoid the indirect displacement of people and housing as a result of Proposed Plan implementation. First, Chapter 8, Article 1 of the City Code established inclusionary zoning requirements for all new development projects proposing six or more units, ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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and Program 2-I of the proposed Housing Element would modify these requirements to stipulate that 10 percent of the new units in such projects must be for moderate income households and 10 percent must be for low income households. These requirements would apply to the majority of sites listed on the proposed Housing Element inventory, helping to ensure that at least 2,107 of the new homes constructed would be affordable to low and very low income households and at least 506 would be affordable to moderate income households, minimizing the potential for displacement of these groups. Further, the following programs from the proposed Housing Element would also help to reduce or avoid displacement: Program 3-A, under which the City would contract for fair housing and legal services to provide legal services and increase awareness of renters' rights; Program 4-B, under which the City would establish a rental assistance program that provides lower income renter households with recurring rental assistance at a fixed rate (known as a shallow subsidy) to help improve housing stability and prevent displacement; and Program 4-G under which the City would revise zoning to recognize single-room occupancy units as housing, helping to ensure an affordable source of housing that can prevent homelessness and displacement.

Therefore, overall, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not displace substantial numbers of people or housing units and associated impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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3.11 Noise
This section assesses potential environmental impacts related to noise from future development under the Proposed Plan, including those associated with noise standards, groundborne vibration, ambient noise levels, and airport noise. The section describes the characteristics, measurement, and physiological effects of noise and existing sources of noise in the Planning Area, as well as relevant federal, State, and local regulations and programs.

There were no comments on the Notice of Preparation related to noise.

Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
Noise
Noise Characteristics and Measurement
Because of the technical nature of noise and vibration impacts, a brief overview of basic noise principles and descriptors is provided below.

Sound can be described as the mechanical energy of a vibrating object transmitted by pressure waves through a liquid or gaseous medium (e.g., air). Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound (i.e., loud, unexpected, or annoying sound). Acoustics is defined as the physics of sound. In acoustics, the fundamental scientific model consists of a sound (or noise) source, a receiver, and the propagation path between the two. The loudness of the noise source and obstructions or atmospheric factors affecting the propagation path to the receiver determines the sound level and characteristics of the noise perceived by the receiver. Acoustics addresses primarily the propagation and control of sound.

Sound, traveling in the form of waves from a source, exerts a sound pressure level (referred to as sound level) that is measured in decibels (dB), which is the standard unit of sound amplitude measurement. The dB scale is a logarithmic scale that describesthe physical intensity of the pressure vibrations that make up any sound, with 0 dB corresponding roughly to the threshold of human hearing and 120 to 140 dB corresponding to the threshold of pain. Pressure waves traveling through air exert a force registered by the human ear as sound.

Sound pressure fluctuations can be measured in units of hertz (Hz), which correspond to the frequency of a particular sound. Typically, sound does not consist of a single frequency, but rather ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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a broad band of frequencies varying in levels of magnitude, with audible frequencies of the sound spectrum ranging from 20 to 20,000 Hz. The typical human ear is not equally sensitive to this frequency range. As a consequence, when assessing potential noise impacts, sound is measured using an electronic filter that deemphasizes the frequencies below 1,000 Hz and above 5,000 Hz in a manner corresponding to the human ear’s decreased sensitivity to these extremely low and extremely high frequencies. This method of frequency filtering or weighting is referred to as Aweighting, expressed in units of A weighted decibels (dBA), which is typically applied to community noise measurements. Some representative common outdoor and indoor noise sources and their corresponding A-weighted noise levels are shown in Table 3.11-1.

An individual’s noise exposure is a measure of noise over a period of time; a noise level is a measure of noise at a given instant in time. However, noise levels rarely persist at that level over a long period of time. Rather, community noise varies continuously over a period of time with respect to the sound sources contributing to the community noise environment. Community noise is primarily the product of many distant noise sources, which together constitute a relatively stable background noise exposure, with many of the individual contributors being unidentifiable. The background noise level changes throughout a typical day, but does so gradually, corresponding to the addition and subtraction of distant noise sources, such as changes in traffic volume. What makes community noise variable throughout a day, besides the slowly changing background noise, is the addition of short-duration, single-event noise sources (e.g., aircraft flyovers, motor vehicles, sirens), which are readily identifiable to the individual.

Source of Noise A-Weighted Sound
Pressure Level in Decibels
Civil Defense Siren (100 feet in distance between source and listener) 130 Jet Takeoff (200 feet in distance between source and listener) 129 Riveting Machine 115
Rock Music Band 110
Piledriver (50 feet in distance between source and listener) 105 Ambulance Siren (100 feet in distance between source and listener) 100 Boiler Room 90
Printing Press Plant 89
Freight Cars (50 feet in distance between source and listener) 88 Garbage Disposal in the Home 85
Pneumatic Drill (50 feet in distance between source and listener) 80 Inside Sports Car: 50 mph 79
Vacuum Cleaner (10 feet in distance between source and listener) 69 Data Processing Center 65
Department Store 61
Speech (1 foot in distance between source and listener) 60 Auto Traffic near Freeway 58
Table 3.11-1: Typical Noise Levels in the Environment
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Source of Noise A-Weighted Sound
Pressure Level in Decibels
Typical Minimum Daytime Levels – Residential Areas 55
Private Business Office 52
Large Transformer (200 feet in distance between source and listener) 49 Light Traffic (100 feet in distance between source and listener) 48 Average Residence 42
Typical Minimum Nighttime Levels – Residential Areas 41 Soft Whisper 30
Rustling Leaves 21
Recording Studio 20
Mosquito 10
Notes:

1. 10 decibels is the Threshold of Hearing

2.120 decibels is the Threshold of Pain
Source: Caltrans. Technical Noise Supplement. 2013. Available: https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/environmentalanalysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024.

These successive additions of sound to the community noise environment change the community noise level from instant to instant, requiring the noise exposure to be measured over periods of time to legitimately characterize an existing community noise environment. The following noise descriptors are used to characterize environmental noise levels over time, which are applicable to the Project.
● Leq: The equivalent sound level over a specified period of time, typically, one hour (Leq). The Leq may also be referred to as the average sound level.
● Lmax: The maximum, instantaneous noise level experienced during a given period of time. ● Lmin: The minimum, instantaneous noise level experienced during a given period of time. ● Lx: The noise level exceeded a percentage of a specified time period. For instance, L50 and L90 represent the noise levels that are exceeded 50 percent and 90 percent of the time, respectively. ● Ldn: The average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day, obtained after an addition of 10 dB to measured noise levels between the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for nighttime noise sensitivity. The Ldn is also termed the day-night average noise level (DNL). ● CNEL: The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) is the average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day that includes an addition of 5 dB to measured noise levels between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and an addition of 10 dB to noise levels between the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively.

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Physiological Effects of Noise
Noise is generally loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired sound that is typically associated with human activity that is a nuisance or disruptive. The effects of noise on people can be placed into four general categories:

1. Subjective effects (e.g., dissatisfaction, annoyance)

2. Interference effects (e.g., communication, sleep, and learning interference)

3. Physiological effects (e.g., startle response)

4. Physical effects (e.g., hearing loss)
Although exposure to high noise levels has been demonstrated to cause physical and physiological effects, the principal human responses to typical environmental noise exposure are related to subjective effects and interference with activities. Interference effects interrupt daily activities and include interference with human communication activities, such as normal conversations, watching television, telephone conversations, and interference with sleep. Sleep interference effects can include both awakening and arousal to a lesser state of sleep.1 With regard to the subjective effects, the responses of individuals to similar noise events are diverse and influenced by many factors, including the type of noise, the perceived importance of the noise, the appropriateness of the noise to the setting, the duration of the noise, the time of day and the type of activity during which the noise occurs, and individual noise sensitivity. Overall, there is no completely satisfactory way to measure the subjective effects of noise, or the corresponding reactions of annoyance and dissatisfaction on people. A wide variation in individual thresholds of annoyance exists, and different tolerances to noise tend to develop based on an individual’s past experiences with noise. Thus, an important way of predicting a human reaction to a new noise environment is the way it compares to the existing environment to which one has adapted (i.e., comparison to the ambient noise environment). In general, the more a new noise level exceeds the previously existing ambient noise level, the less acceptable the new noise level will be judged by those hearing it. With regard to increases in A-weighted noise level, the following relationships generally occur:
• Except in carefully controlled laboratory experiments, a change of 1 dBA in ambient noise levels cannot be perceived;
• Outside of the laboratory, a 3 dBA change in ambient noise levels is considered to be a barely perceivable difference;
• A change in ambient noise levels of 5 dBA is considered to be a readily perceivable difference; and
• A change in ambient noise levels of 10 dBA is subjectively heard as a doubling of the perceived loudness.

These relationships occur in part because of the logarithmic nature of sound and the decibel scale.

The human ear perceives sound in a non-linear fashion; therefore, the dBA scale was developed.

Because the dBA scale is based on logarithms, two noise sources do not combine in a simple additive 1 Caltrans. Technical Noise Supplement. 2013. Available: https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dotmedia/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024.

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fashion, but rather logarithmically. Under the dBA scale, a doubling of sound energy corresponds to a 3 dBA increase. In other words, when two sources are each producing sound of the same loudness, the resulting sound level at a given distance would be approximately 3 dBA higher than one of the sources under the same conditions. For example, if two identical noise sources produce noise levels of 50 dBA, the combined sound level would be 53 dBA, not 100 dBA. Under the dB scale, three sources of equal loudness together produce a sound level of approximately 5 dBA louder than one source, and ten sources of equal loudness together produce a sound level of approximately 10 dBA louder than the single source.2
Noise Attenuation
When noise propagates over a distance, the noise level reduces with distance at a rate that depends on the type of noise source and the propagation path. Noise from a localized source (i.e., point source) propagates uniformly outward in a spherical pattern, referred to as “spherical spreading.” Stationary point sources of noise, including stationary mobile sources such as idling vehicles, attenuate (i.e., reduce) at a rate between six dBA for acoustically “hard” sites and 7.5 dBA for “soft” sites for each doubling of distance from the reference measurement, as their energy is continuously spread out over a spherical surface (e.g., for hard surfaces, 80 dBA at 50 feet attenuates to 74 at 100 feet, 68 dBA at 200 feet, etc.). Hard sites are those with a reflective surface between the source and the receiver, such as asphalt or concrete surfaces or smooth bodies of water. No excess ground attenuation is assumed for hard sites and the reduction in noise levels with distance (drop-off rate) is simply the geometric spreading of the noise from the source. Soft sites have an absorptive ground surface, such as soft dirt, grass, or scattered bushes and trees, which in addition to geometric spreading, increase the ground attenuation value by 1.5 dBA (per doubling distance).3 Roadways and highways consist of several localized noise sources on a defined path, and hence are treated as “line” sources, which approximate the effect of several point sources. Noise from a line source propagates over a cylindrical surface, often referred to as “cylindrical spreading.” Line sources (e.g., traffic noise from vehicles) attenuate at a rate between 3 dBA for hard sites and 4.5 dBA for soft sites for each doubling of distance from the reference measurement.4 Therefore, noise due to a line source attenuates less with distance than that of a point source with increased distance.

Additionally, receptors located downwind from a noise source can be exposed to increased noise levels relative to calm conditions, whereas locations upwind can have lowered noise levels.

Atmospheric temperature inversion (i.e., increasing temperature with elevation) can increase sound levels at long distances (e.g., more than 500 feet). Other factors such as air temperature, humidity, and turbulence can also have significant effects on noise level.5 2 Caltrans. Technical Noise Supplement. 2013. Available: https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dotmedia/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024. 3 Caltrans. Technical Noise Supplement. 2013. Available: https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dotmedia/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024. 4 Caltrans. Technical Noise Supplement. 2013. Available: https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dotmedia/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024. 5 Caltrans. Technical Noise Supplement. 2013. Available: https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dotmedia/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024.

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Noise-Sensitive Receptors
Many land uses are considered sensitive to noise. Noise-sensitive receptors are land uses associated with indoor and/or outdoor activities that may be subject to stress and/or significant interference from noise, such as residential dwellings, transient lodging, dormitories, hospitals, educational facilities, and libraries. Industrial and commercial land uses are generally not considered sensitive to noise. Special-status species and their habitat may also be considered noise-sensitive. Existing noise-sensitive receptors within the Planning Area include single- and multi-family residential housing, schools, parks, and libraries.

Existing Noise Conditions and Sources
The predominant source of noise in the Planning Area, as in most communities, is motor vehicles on roadways. Motor vehicle noise is of concern because it is characterized by a high number of individual events, which often create a sustained noise level, and because of its proximity to noisesensitive uses. Roadways with the highest traffic volumes and speeds produce the highest noise levels.

The second significant source of noise is aircraft flights and operations at the Monterey Regional Airport, which is located immediately adjacent to the eastern city limits. The Monterey Peninsula Airport is approximately 600 acres and is owned and operated by the Monterey Peninsula Airport District (MPAD). The airport has two runways and flight paths over existing developments such as the Casanova Oak Knoll neighborhood, Ryan Ranch office park, the U.S. Navy Golf Course, and the Monterey County Fairgrounds.

The Monterey County Airport Land Use Commission adopted the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP). Airplanes generate significant noise and the ALUCP identifies the airport’s noise contours. The 65 dB contour is predominantly limited to the airport’s jurisdiction. In addition, the ALUCP identifies safety and noise hazards associated with the airport and recommends areas where certain uses should not be located. The ALUCP Table 4B establishes the following prohibitions affecting residential construction:
• Zone 1 – Prohibits all structures except ones with location set by aeronautical function. • Zone 2 – Prohibits all residential except for very low density residential and infill in developed areas.
• Zone 3 – Prohibits all residential except for low density residential and infill in developed areas.
• Zone 4 – Prohibits buildings with greater than 3 aboveground habitable floors. • Zone 5 – Prohibits residential except for very low residential and infill in developed areas. • Within Zones 6 and 7 residential is an allowed use and there is no maximum allowed density.

The Planning Area does not have major stationary sources of noise, such as large factories. While there are no industrial plants or factories that significantly affect noise levels in the Planning Area, ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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construction, heating and cooling equipment, truck loading, and recreational activities contribute to the Planning Area’s overall noise environment.7
Ground Vibration
Characterization and Measurement
While sound is the transmission of energy through the air, groundborne vibration is the transmission of energy through the ground or other solid medium and is perceived by humans as motion (of the ground, floor, or building). Vibrations can also generate noise by transmitting energy through the air. Groundborne vibration can be quantified in two main ways. One commonly used descriptor is PPV, or Peak Particle Velocity. As seismic waves travel outward from a vibration source, they cause rock and soil particles to oscillate. The actual distance that these particles move is usually only a few ten-thousandths to a few thousandths of an inch. The rate or velocity (in inches per second) at which these particles move is the commonly accepted descriptor of the vibration amplitude, referred to as the peak particle velocity (PPV). This type of vibration will be discussed in more detail below under Construction Vibration.

Groundborne vibration can also be quantified by the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity amplitudes, which can be useful for assessing human annoyance. The RMS amplitude is expressed in terms of the velocity level in decibel units (VdB). The background vibration velocity level in residential areas is usually around 50 VdB or lower. The vibration velocity level threshold of perception for humans is approximately 65 VdB. Most perceptible indoor vibration is caused by sources within buildings, such as the operation of mechanical equipment, movement of people, or the slamming of doors.

Typical outdoor sources of perceptible groundborne vibration are heavy construction equipment, steel-wheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads. If a roadway is smooth, the groundborne vibration from traffic is rarely perceptible.

Table 3.11-2 summarizes the typical groundborne vibration velocity levels and average human response to vibration that may be anticipated when a person is at rest in quiet surroundings. If the person is engaged in any type of physical activity, vibration tolerance increases considerably. The duration of the event has an effect on human response, as does its daily frequency of occurrence.

Generally, as the duration and frequency of occurrence increases, the potential for adverse human response increases. Groundborne noise is a secondary component of groundborne vibration. When a building structure vibrates, noise is radiated into the interior of the building. Typically, this is a low-frequency sound that can be perceived as a low rumble. The magnitude of the sound depends on the frequency characteristic of the vibration and the manner in which the room surfaces in the building radiate sound. Groundborne noise is quantified by the A-weighted sound level inside the building. The sound level accompanying vibration is generally 25 to 40 dBA lower than the vibration velocity level in VdB. Groundborne vibration levels of 65 VdB can result in groundborne noise levels of up to 40 dBA, which can disturb sleep. Groundborne vibration levels of 85 VdB can 7 Monterey County Airport Land Use Commission, Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, Adopted February 25, 2019, pp. 4-23 and 4-24 https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/home/showpublisheddocument/75251/636875603145330000 ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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result in groundborne noise levels of up to 60 dBA, which can be annoying to daytime noisesensitive land uses such as schools.8 Construction Vibration
As described above, vibration resulting from the operation of heavy construction equipment is often reported in PPV, which is the rate or velocity, in inches per second, at which rock and soil particles oscillate as seismic waves travel outward from a vibration source. The operation of heavy construction equipment, particularly pile driving equipment and other impact devices (e.g., pavement breakers), creates seismic waves that radiate along the surface of and downward into the ground. These surface waves can be felt as ground vibration. Vibration from operation of this equipment can result in effects ranging from annoyance of people to damage of structures.

Variations in geology and distance result in different vibration levels containing different frequencies and displacements. In all cases, vibration amplitudes decrease with increasing distance.

Perceptible groundborne vibration is generally limited to areas within a few hundred feet of construction activities. Vibration amplitude attenuates over distance and is a complex function of how energy is imparted into the ground and the soil or rock conditions through which the vibration is traveling. The following equation is used to estimate the vibration level at a given distance for typical soil conditions (Federal Transit Administration, 2006). PPVref is the reference PPV at 25 feet.

PPV = PPVref x (25/Distance)1.5
Table 3.11-3 summarizes typical vibration levels generated by construction equipment (Federal Transit Administration, 2006) at the reference distance of 25 feet and other distances as determined using the attenuation equation above.

Table 3.11-2: Typical Levels of Groundborne Vibration
Human or Structural Response
Vibration Velocity
Level (VdB)
Typical Sources
(50 feet from source)
Threshold for minor cosmetic
damage to fragile buildings —100— Blasting from construction project Bulldozer or heavy-tracked
construction equipment
Difficulty in reading computer
screen —90—
Upper range of commuter rail
Threshold for residential
annoyance for occasional events
(e.g., commuter rail)
—80— Upper range of rapid transit
8 Federal Transit Administration. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. 2018. Available:
https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibrationimpact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024.

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Table 3.11-2: Typical Levels of Groundborne Vibration
Human or Structural Response
Vibration Velocity
Level (VdB)
Typical Sources
(50 feet from source)
Threshold for residential
annoyance for frequent events
(e.g., rapid transit)
Typical commuter rail
Bus or truck over bump
—70— Typical rapid transit
Approximate threshold for human
perception of vibration; limit for
vibration-sensitive equipment
Typical bus or truck on public road
—60—
Typical background vibration
—50—
Source: Federal Transit Administration. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. 2018. Available:
https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impactassessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024.

Tables 3.11-4 and 3.11-5 summarize guidelines developed by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for damage and annoyance potential from transient and continuous vibration that is usually associated with construction activity. Equipment or activities typical of continuous vibration include: excavation equipment, static compaction equipment, tracked vehicles, traffic on a highway, vibratory pile drivers, pile-extraction equipment, and vibratory compaction equipment. Equipment or activities typical of single-impact (transient) or low-rate repeated impact vibration include: impact pile drivers, blasting, drop balls, “pogo stick” compactors, and crack-and-seat equipment.

Equipment
PPV at
25 Feet
PPV at
50 Feet
PPV at
75 Feet
PPV at
100 Feet
PPV at
175 Feet
Pile driver (impact)a 0.65 0.230 0.125 0.081 0.035
Pile driver (sonic/vibratory)a 0.65 0.230 0.125 0.081 0.035 Hoe ram or large bulldozer 0.089 0.0315 0.0171 0.0111 0.0048 Large bulldozer 0.089 0.0315 0.0171 0.0111 0.0048
Loaded trucks 0.076 0.0269 0.0146 0.0095 0.0041
Jackhammer 0.035 0.0124 0.0067 0.0044 0.0019
Small bulldozer 0.003 0.0011 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002
Note:
a. The Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual (Caltrans 2013b) is used as the source for vibration from a vibratory pile driver.

Source: Federal Transit Administration. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. 2018. Available:
https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impactassessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf. Accessed: January 16, 2024.

Table 3.11-3: Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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Table 3.11-4: Vibration Damage Potential Threshold
Criteria Guidelines
Structure and Condition
Maximum PPV (inches/second)
Transient
Sources
Continuous/Frequent
Intermittent Sources
Extremely fragile historic
buildings, ruins, ancient
monuments

0.1 0.1
Fragile buildings 0.2 0.1
Historic and some old buildings 0.5 0.3
Older residential structures 0.5 0.3
New residential structures 1.0 0.5
Modern industrial/commercial
buildings

2.0 0.5
Notes:

Transient sources create a single isolated vibration event, such as blasting or drop balls.

Continuous/frequent intermittent sources include impact pile drivers, pogo-stick compactors, crack-and-seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment.

PPV = peak particle velocity.

Source: CalTrans. Transportation and Construction Manual. 2013. Available:
https://www.contracosta.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/34120/Caltrans-2013-construction-vibrationPDF?bidId=Accessed: January 16, 2024.

Table 3.11-5: Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria Guidelines Human Response
Maximum PPV (inches/second)
Transient
Sources
Continuous/Frequent
Intermittent Sources
Barely perceptible 0.04 0.01
Distinctly perceptible 0.25 0.04
Strongly perceptible 0.9 0.10
Severe 2.0 0.4
Notes:

Transient sources create a single isolated vibration event, such as blasting or drop balls.

Continuous/frequent intermittent sources include impact pile drivers, pogo-stick compactors, crackand-seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment.

PPV = peak particle velocity.

Source: Caltrans. Transportation and Construction Manual. 2013. Available:
https://www.contracosta.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/34120/Caltrans-2013-construction-vibrationPDF?bidId=Accessed: January 16, 2024.

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REGULATORY SETTING
Federal Regulations
Environmental Protection Agency
Under the authority of the Noise Control Act of 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) established noise emission criteria and testing methods published in Parts 201 through 205 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that apply to some transportation equipment (e.g., interstate rail carriers, medium trucks, and heavy trucks) and construction equipment. In 1974, USEPA issued guidance levels for the protection of public health and welfare in residential land use areas of an outdoor Ldn of 55 dBA and an indoor Ldn of 45 dBA (U.S. EPA, 1974). These guidance levels are not considered as standards or regulations and were developed without consideration of technical or economic feasibility.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 United States Code [U.S.C.] Section 1919 et seq.), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has adopted regulations designed to protect workers against the effects of occupational noise exposure. These regulations list permissible noise level exposure as a function of the amount of time during which the worker is exposed. The regulations further specify a hearing conservation program that involves monitoring the noise to which workers are exposed, ensuring that workers are made aware of overexposure to noise, and periodically testing the workers’ hearing to detect any degradation.

Department of Housing and Urban Development
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s environmental criteria and standards are presented in 24 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 51. New construction proposed in high noise areas (exceeding 65 dBA DNL) must incorporate noise attenuation features to maintain acceptable interior noise levels. A goal of 45 dBA DNL is set forth for interior noise levels and attenuation requirements are geared toward achieving that goal. It is assumed that with standard construction, any building will provide sufficient attenuation to achieve an interior level of 45 dBA DNL or less if the exterior level is 65 dBA DNL or less. Approvals in a "normally unacceptable noise zone" (exceeding 65 dB, but not exceeding 75 dB) require a minimum of 5dB of additional noise attenuation for buildings having noise sensitive uses if the DNL is greater than 65 dB, but does not exceed 70 dB, or a minimum of 10 dB of additional noise attenuation, if the day-night average is greater than 70 dB, but does not exceed 75 dB.

Federal Highway Administration
An assessment of noise and consideration of noise abatement per Title 23 of the CFR, Part 772, “Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise,” is required for proposed federal or federal-aid highway construction projects on a new location, or the physical alteration of an existing highway that significantly changes either the horizontal or vertical alignment, or increases the number of through-traffic lanes. The FHWA considers noise abatement for sensitive receivers, such as picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sport areas, parks, ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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residences, motels, hotels, schools, places of worship, libraries, and hospitals when “worst-hour” noise levels approach or exceed 67 dBA Leq. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has further defined “approach” as meaning to be within 1 dB of the Noise Abatement Criteria (NAC).

Federal Railroad Noise Emissions Compliance Regulation
FTA’s Office of Safety is responsible for enforcing the Railroad Noise Emissions Compliance Regulation that sets maximum sound levels from railroad equipment and for regulating locomotive horns.

The FTA has issued a manual for assessing transit-related vibration and noise impacts, which was most recently updated in 2018. The Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment contains criteria and procedures for use in analyzing the potential noise and vibration impacts of various types of high-speed fixed guideway transportation systems, including freight, passenger, and high-speed rail. The manual also contains standard vibration control and mitigation measures, to be used when impacts would be significant, based on the level and frequency of vibrations, surrounding land uses, and presence of sensitive receptors.

State Regulations
State of California Noise Standards
The State of California does not have statewide standards for environmental noise, but the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) has established general plan guidelines for evaluating the compatibility of various land uses as a function of community noise exposure. The purpose of these guidelines is to maintain acceptable noise levels in a community setting for different land use types. Noise compatibility by different land uses types is categorized into four general levels: “normally acceptable,” “conditionally acceptable,” “normally unacceptable,” and “clearly unacceptable.” For instance, a noise environment ranging from 50 dBA CNEL to 65 dBA CNEL is considered to be “normally acceptable” for multi-family residential uses, while a noise environment of 75 dBA CNEL or above for multi-family residential uses is considered to be “clearly unacceptable.”
In addition, California Government Code Section 65302 requires each county and city in the State to prepare and adopt a comprehensive long-range general plan for its physical development, with Section 65302(f) specifically requiring a noise element to be included in the general plan. The noise element must: (1) identify and appraise noise problems in the community and analyze and quantify current and projected noise levels; (2) show noise contours for noise sources stated in CNEL; (3) use noise contours as a guide for establishing a pattern of land uses; and (4) implement measures and possible solutions that address existing and foreseeable noise problems.

The State of California has also established noise insulation standards for new multi-family residential units, hotels, and motels that would be subject to relatively high levels of transportationrelated noise. These requirements are collectively known as the California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24, California Code of Regulations). The noise insulation standards set forth an interior standard of 45 dBA CNEL in any habitable room. They require an acoustical analysis ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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demonstrating how dwelling units have been designed to meet this interior standard where such units are proposed in areas subject to noise levels greater than 60 dBA CNEL. Title 24 standards are enforced by local jurisdictions through the building permit application process.

Local Regulations
Monterey City Code
The Community Noise Ordinance of the City of Monterey Municipal Code (Chapter 38) establishes that all uses and activities must comply with the provisions of the Monterey Noise Regulations (Sections 22-17 and 22-18). The noise regulations include:
● Decibel levels shall be compatible with neighboring uses, and no use shall create ambient noise levels which exceed prescribed standards in the code. ● The Community Development Director may require an acoustic study for any Proposed Plans which could have, or create, a noise exposure greater than that deemed acceptable. (Ord. 3653 § 19, 2022; Ord. 3472 § 1, 2012).
● Noise shall be measured at an appropriate distance from the source with a sound level meter, which meets the standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI Section S1.4 1979, Type 1 or Type 2). Noise levels shall be measured in decibels. The unit of measurement shall be designated as Db. A calibration check shall be made of the instrument at the time any noise measurement is made.
● The Community Development Director may require the incorporation into a project of any noise attenuation measures deemed necessary to ensure that noise standards are not exceeded. (Ord. 3653 § 19, 2022; Ord. 3472 § 1, 2012).
● Decisions of the Community Development Director may be appealed by the applicant to the Planning Commission in accord with Article 27. (Ord. 3653 § 19, 2022; Ord. 3472 § 1, 2012).
● No use, activity, or process shall produce vibrations that are perceptible without instruments by a reasonable person at the property lines of a site. ● The noise standards above shall be modified as follows to account for the effects of time and duration on the impact of noise levels:
○ In R districts, the noise standard shall be 5 Db lower between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.
○ Noise that is produced for no more than a cumulative period of five minutes in any hour may exceed the standards above by 5 Db.
○ Noise that is produced for no more than a cumulative period of one minute in any hour may exceed the standards above by 10 Db.

Monterey City Code Section 38-112.2 also outlines limitations on construction hours. The hours for all construction, alteration, remodeling, demolition, and repair activities which are authorized by a valid City Building Permit, as well as the delivery and removal of materials and equipment associated with these activities, are limited to the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Saturday, and 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Sunday.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 453, Packet Page 781 City of Monterey
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Chapter 3.11: Noise

3.11-14 City of Monterey
City of Monterey General Plan 2005 (General Plan) Noise Element The City of Monterey General Plan Noise Element utilizes the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) noise descriptor and specifies an exterior noise exposure limit of 60 dB CNEL for residential land use and other sensitive land uses and 65 dB CNEL for commercial land use. Actions to mitigate noise levels are required if exterior noise levels exceed these standards. The interior noise exposure level for residences, schools, and other noise sensitive development is limited to 45 dBA, consistent with State noise standards. Actions that ensure interior noise levels do not exceed 45 dBA must be taken if exterior noise exposure exceeds the stated standards. General Plan Table 10, Noise Exposure Standards, provides the City’s noise standards. The City of Monterey General Plan Noise Standards are shown in Table 3.11-6.

Table 3.11-6: General Plan Exterior Noise Exposure Standards for New Development
Land Use Designation Normally
Acceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Conditionally
Acceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Normally
Unacceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Clearly
Unacceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Residential – Low Density
Single Family, Duplex,
Mobile Homes
50 – 60 55 – 70 70 – 75 75 - 85
Residential – Townhomes,
Multi-Family Apartments,
Mixed Use, Condominiums
50 – 65 60 – 70 70 – 75 75 – 85
Transient Lodging –
Motels/Hotels 50 – 65 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 85
Schools, Libraries,
Churches, Hospitals,
Extended Care Facilities
50 – 70 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 - 85
Auditorium, Concert Halls,
Amphitheaters N/A N/A 50 – 70 65 – 85
Sports Arena, Outdoor
Spectator Sports N/A
N/A
50 – 75 70 – 85
Playgrounds,
Neighborhood Parks 50 – 70 67 – 75 70 – 80 N/A
Golf Courses, Riding
Stables, Water Recreation,
Cemeteries
50 – 75 70 – 80 80 - 85 N/A
Commercial buildings
including Office Buildings 50 – 70 67 – 80 75 - 85 N/A
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 454, Packet Page 782 City of Monterey
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Chapter 3.11: Noise
City of Monterey 3.11-15
Source: City of Monterey General Plan 2005.

The General Plan Noise Element includes the following goals and policies associated with noise and vibration:

Goal a. Minimize traffic noise in predominantly residential areas and ensure noise in commercial areas is at an acceptable level. Residential areas impacted by high noise levels are along Highway One, David Avenue, and Pacific Street. Del Monte School, Bayview School, and San Carlos School are also impacted by motor vehicle noise. Commercial areas were impacted by traffic noise along Lighthouse Avenue, Del Monte Avenue, and Franklin Street.

Policy a.1. Limit truck traffic to local delivery. Pacific Grove truck traffic should be assigned to Holman Highway (Highway 68).

Policy a.2. Route trucks and through traffic onto truck routes, even where such routing is not the shortest distance between points.

Program a.2.1 Implement traffic calming measures in neighborhoods.

Policy a.3. Re-evaluate City traffic flow systems periodically to determine whether traffic flows can be adjusted through synchronized signalization or other means to minimize traffic stops.

Policy a.4. Cooperate with the California Highway Patrol in the active enforcement of state motor vehicle noise standards. Active enforcement of state motor vehicle noise standards (especially altered or illegal mufflers) can keep these contributors to the noise problem under control. The City enforces state motor vehicle noise standards on City streets and the Highway Patrol enforces these standards on state highways.

Table 3.11-6: General Plan Exterior Noise Exposure Standards for New Development
Land Use Designation Normally
Acceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Conditionally
Acceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Normally
Unacceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Clearly
Unacceptable
Community Noise
Exposure (Ldn or
CNEL, dB)
Industrial, Manufacturing
Utilities, Agriculture
50 – 75 70 – 80 75 - 85 N/A
Notes:

1. Ldn, or Day Night Average, is an average 24-hour noise measurement that factors day and night noise levels.

2. CNEL, or Community Noise Equivalent Level, measurements are a weighted average of sound levels gathered throughout a 24-hour period.

3. Applies to the primary open space areas of townhomes and multifamily apartments or condominiums (private rear yards for townhomes; common courtyards, roof gardens, or gathering spaces for multi-family developments). These standards shall not apply to balconies or small attached patios in multi-story multi-family structures.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 455, Packet Page 783 City of Monterey
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Policy a.5. Protect areas adjacent to roadways and freeways with landscaped noise buffers or other means; sound walls should not be allowed.

Policy a.6. Develop and encourage the use of non-automobile travel modes such as bicycle, pedestrian and transit alternatives.

Program a.6.1. Give implementation of the citywide bikeway system a high priority in the City’s capital funding.

Program a.6.2. Design separated bikeway and pedestrian systems into all new roadways and major improvements of existing roadways where feasible and in conformance with the City General Plan, area plans, Parks Master Plan, and Bicycle Master Plan.

Policy b.1. Support improvements and operational changes at the airport that promote safety and noise reduction.

Policy b.2. Work with the Airport District, Airport Land Use Commission, and surrounding 91 cities in planning for appropriate land uses around the airport and developing solutions to existing noise problems.

Policy b.3. Continue to encourage the airport to limit aircraft noise between the hours of 11 p.m. and 7 a.m.

Policy b.4. Support limiting the number of fixed-base general aviation aircraft at the airport to the existing number.

Policy b.5. Implement the following land use standards for properties that are exposed to noise levels in excess of 60 CNEL (Table 8).

Goal c. Encourage quiet neighborhoods.

Goal d. Allow new construction only where existing or projected noise levels are acceptable or can be mitigated.

Policy d.1. The City can require noise mitigations to reduce interior noise levels to an acceptable level. Table 8 establishes the land use compatibility standards for new development.

Policy d.2. Limit hours of noise generating construction activities. Include this requirement as a condition of project approval.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 456, Packet Page 784 City of Monterey
Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.11: Noise
City of Monterey 3.11-17
Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies; Criterion 2: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels; Criterion 3: For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels.

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
This analysis is based on noise modeling performed by Salter, informed by traffic modeling prepared by Kimley-Horn for the Proposed Plan’s study network, including data on traffic volumes, as well as on land use and roadway network changes assumed as part of the Proposed Plan. As part of the study of existing conditions in the City of Monterey Planning Area, Salter performed longterm noise measurements at six roadways throughout the city from May 19 through May 24, 2023.

Salter then developed traffic noise estimates based on traffic data to study expected increases in noise level under the Proposed Plan for 1,371 unique roadway segments in the city. The results of the analysis are included in Appendix F, Noise Modeling.

Significance Criteria
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant adverse impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Planning Area in excess of standards established in the City of Monterey General Plan Noise Element and Monterey City Code.

Thus, the following thresholds are applied to determine the significance of Plan-related noise increases:
• Any projected noise level under the Proposed Plan that is greater than the “Normally Acceptable” noise level according to the City of Monterey General Plan Noise Element as shown in Table 9 for existing or planned land uses would be considered potentially significant.

Where noise levels would remain at or below Normally Acceptable levels, there would be no significant impact. The General Plan Noise Element provides Normally Acceptable noise level standards for a variety of land uses. The General Plan Safety Element also provides Conditionally ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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3.11-18 City of Monterey
Acceptable noise level standards, for which the specified land use may be permitted only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements and needed noise insulation features included in the design.

Construction Noise
Construction noise from development facilitated by the Proposed Plan is estimated on the basis of noise levels for various pieces of construction equipment reported by the FTA’s Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (2018).9 It is conservatively assumed that construction equipment typically operates as close as 25 feet from the nearest noise-sensitive receptors. Construction noise level estimates do not account for the presence of intervening structures or topography, which could reduce noise levels at receptor locations. New development facilitated by the Proposed Plan would have a significant impact if temporary construction noise during permitted daytime hours could expose noise-sensitive receptors to significantly adverse noise levels, or if construction would not meet one of the standards in Section 38-112.2 of the City of Monterey Municipal Code.

On-site Operational Noise
On-site activities at new development facilitated by the Proposed Plan would have a significant impact if it would expose neighboring noise-sensitive land uses to noise levels exceeding the City’s standards in the Municipal Code Sections 22-17 and 22-18, as described above in Regulatory Setting.

Traffic Noise
Traffic-related noise impacts are evaluated using the FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA RD-77-108).10 This model requires various parameters, including traffic volumes, vehicle mix, vehicle speed, and roadway geometry to compute typical equivalent noise levels during daytime, evening, and nighttime hours. The resultant noise levels are weighted and summed over 24-hour periods to determine the CNEL values. The traffic volumes for each roadway segment will be used along with the FHWA Traffic Noise Model to calculate Ldn at a distance of 50 feet from the roadway centerlines for local roadways. Noise standards found in the General Plan Noise Element and Municipal Code are used to evaluate potential noise impacts in the Planning Area, as discussed above.

Stationary Noise
As noted above, this analysis evaluates impacts associated with the Proposed Plan at the program level, given that specific details on future mechanical equipment or HVAC equipment and layout cannot be known at this time. Accordingly, the specific noise sources that might occur in 9 Federal Transit Administration (FTA). September 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual.

Available: https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-andvibration-impact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024 10 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 1978. FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model. Available: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/30259/dot_30259_DS1.pdf. Accessed: January 17, 2024
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 458, Packet Page 786 City of Monterey
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Chapter 3.11: Noise
City of Monterey 3.11-19
conjunction with development of land uses allowable under the Proposed Plan also cannot be known at this time. Therefore, stationary and other noise source impacts will be discussed on a qualitative basis, considering the potential for new noise sources to exceed established standards.

Groundborne Vibration
The City has not adopted a significance thresholds to assess vibration impacts during construction.

The general human response to different levels of groundborne vibration velocity levels is described in Table 3.11-5. To determine vibration impacts during construction under the Proposed Plan, vibration levels were calculated at vibration-sensitive receptors using VdB and compared to the FTA guidelines set forth in the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Assessment (2018).11 The following vibration thresholds are established by the FTA for the disturbance of people:
• 65 VdB for buildings where low ambient vibration is essential for interior operations, such as hospitals and recording studios
• 72 VdB for residences and buildings where people normally sleep, including hotels • 75 VdB for institutional land uses with primary daytime use, such as churches and schools These thresholds apply to “frequent events,” which the FTA defines as vibration events occurring more than 70 times per day. The thresholds for frequent events are considered appropriate because of the scale and duration of the construction activity facilitated by the General Plan. In addition, this analysis applies the following FTA thresholds in Table 3.10-4 for potential structural damage to buildings from construction vibration.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Plan contains the following goals and policies relevant to noise and vibration. The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix B for reference:

Housing Element
Housing Goal #1. Increase housing supply and facilitate production of at least 3,654 new homes by 2031.

Program 1-H Fort Ord/Ryan Rach Specific Plan.

Program 1-I Highway 68 Area Plan Update.

Circulation Element
Goal k. An air transportation system that is integrated with a multi-modal surface transportation system that efficiently moves people and goods while maximizing positive economic impacts.

Policy k.5. Support improvements and operational changes at the airport that promote safety and noise reduction.
11 FTA. 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 459, Packet Page 787 City of Monterey
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Chapter 3.11: Noise

3.11-20 City of Monterey

IMPACTS
Impact 3.11-1 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies. (Less than Significant)
Construction
Noise from individual construction projects carried out under the Proposed Plan would likely result in temporary increases in ambient noise levels at 25 feet and at adjacent property lines. As the precise details and timeframes for individual development projects that would be carried out under the Proposed Plan cannot be known at this time, it is not possible to determine exact noise levels, locations, or time periods for construction of such projects, or construction noise at adjacent properties. Construction of residential and mixed-use development and redevelopment primarily within key opportunity areas of the city could potentially expose existing sensitive noise receptors to high levels of sustained construction noise in the vicinity of sensitive receptors, including from construction-related traffic, demolition, and reconstruction activities. Table 3.11-7 illustrates typical noise levels associated with construction equipment at a distance of 25 feet. At a distance of 25 feet from the construction site, noise levels similar to those shown in Table 3.11-7 would be expected to occur with individual development projects. Noise would typically drop off at a rate of about 6 dBA per doubling of distance. Therefore, construction noise levels would be about 6 dBA lower than shown in the table at 50 feet from the noise source and 12 dBA lower at a distance of 100 feet from the noise source.

As shown in Table 3.11-7, noise levels from construction activity could approach 107 dBA Leq 25 feet from construction equipment, specifically from the operation of pile drivers. Pile foundations are generally used under two situations: 1) when there is a layer of weak soil at the ground surface that cannot support the weight of a building; or 2) when a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high-rise structure of 75 feet or taller, a bridge, or a water tank. The Proposed Plan does not envision new infrastructure such as bridges and water tanks, nor the construction of high-rise buildings in the Planning Area, thus pile drivers would not be needed. However, other construction equipment, such as a backhoe which could approach 86 dBA Leq at 25 feet, would exceed the exterior noise limits established in the City’s General Plan. The City’s exterior noise standards are 60 dBA for single-family residential areas and 65 dBA for multi-family residential areas. Construction noise would exceed ambient noise levels and may temporarily disturb people at neighboring properties. However, allowable hours for construction activity based on time of day are outlined in Monterey City Code Section 38-112.2.

Table 3.11-7: Typical Noise Levels for Construction Equipment Estimated Noise Levels at Nearest Sensitive Receptors (dBA Leq) Equipment 25 feet 50 feet 100 feet
Air Compressor 86 80 74
Backhoe 86 80 74
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 460, Packet Page 788 City of Monterey
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Chapter 3.11: Noise
City of Monterey 3.11-21
The severity of construction-related noise impacts depends on the proximity of construction activities to sensitive receptors, the presence of intervening barriers, the number and types of equipment used, and the duration of the activity. While these factors cannot be known precisely for future projects under the Proposed Plan, individual projects pursuant to the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with City standards. Per Monterey City Code Section 38-112.2, the hours for all construction, alteration, remodeling, demolition and repair activities which are authorized by a valid City Building Permit, as well as the delivery and removal of materials and equipment associated with these activities, are limited to the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Saturday, and 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Sunday. Construction that complies with the time-of-day restrictions for construction activities would result in less than significant noise impacts with regard to the generation of noise in excess of thresholds.

Implementation of policies contained in the General Plan would further reduce construction noise and associated impacts. Goal d allows only new construction where existing or projected noise levels are acceptable or can be mitigated. Under Policy d.1, the City would require noise mitigation to reduce interior noise levels to an acceptable level. Table 8 of the General Plan Noise Element establishes the land use compatibility standards for new development. Further, under Policy d.2 the City would limit the hours of noise generating construction activities as a condition of project approval.

Therefore, compliance with existing time-of-day restrictions for construction activities as well as the applicable Monterey City Code and General Plan policies would ensure that impacts related to construction noise would be less than significant.

Concrete Mixer 91 85 79
Dozer 91 85 79
Grader 91 85 79
Jack Hammer 94 88 82
Loader 86 80 74
Paver 91 85 79
Pile-drive (Impact) 107 101 95
Pile-driver (Sonic) 101 95 89
Roller 91 85 79
Saw 82 76 70
Scarified 89 83 77
Scraper 91 85 79
Truck 90 84 78
Source: FTA, 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impactassessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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On-Site Operational Noise
Residential and mixed-use development pursuant to the Proposed Plan is not likely to generate operational noise levels that would exceed the City’s standards. The noise generated by on-site activities for new development would be subject to the City’s exterior noise exposure standards for new development, contained in the General Plan Noise Element. The noise standard for singlefamily residential areas is 60 dBA and 65 dBA for multi-family residential areas. Stationary noise sources at new residential and mixed-use development would include ventilation and heating (HVAC) systems. Residential developments that comply with these noise standards would result in less than significant noise impacts with regard to the generation of noise in excess of thresholds.

Therefore, compliance with the requirements of the General Plan and Monterey City Code would reduce potential on-site noise impacts to a less than significant level.

Traffic Noise
Future development associated with the Proposed Plan would result in an increase in traffic in and adjacent to the Planning Area and the placement of new sensitive receptors within the Planning Area. In certain locations, such as the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area, and the 50-acre MPUSD site south of the airport, the construction of new access roads and internal circulation may also be required. Future noise conditions were projected using a reference distance of 50 feet from each roadway segment centerline for local roadways. Then, based on the average daily traffic volumes provided by the traffic consultant, traffic noise levels were quantified for the 2031 Plus Project condition. Existing (2023) traffic noise levels were obtained from traffic modeling data performed by Kimley-Horn. The difference in noise between these two scenarios represents the Proposed Plan’s incremental contribution to noise levels in the area. Appendix F shows the results of the noise modeling analysis and Figure 3.11-1a: Existing (No Project) Noise Contours and Figure

3.11-1b: Future (with Project) Noise Contours shows existing and projected noise level contours along local roadways within the Planning Area with the Proposed Plan. These results were evaluated against the noise compatibility standards in the General Plan, and where With-Project noise would be greater than the “Normally Acceptable” noise level in 2031, a traffic noise impact is considered to be potentially significant.

As shown in Appendix F, of the 1,371 roadway segments studied for expected noise increases under the Proposed Plan, the great majority (1,231 roadway segments or 90 percent), would experience a 3 dB or less increase in noise levels under the Proposed Plan compared to existing conditions. As noted in the Environmental Setting on page 3.11-5, a 3 dBA change in ambient noise levels is considered to be a barely perceivable difference. Thus, a 3 dB or less change in noise levels traffic would not constitute a significant impact, because such a change in ambient noise levels is considered just noticeable. However, there are several roadway segments (140 roadway segments) where noise levels are projected to increase an upwards of 66 dB under the Proposed Plan. Noise levels along such roadway segments studied could exceed the General Plan “Normally Acceptable” noise compatibility guidelines outlined in Table 3.11-6 and would increase by more than 3 dB over existing conditions, resulting in a potentially significant impact on sensitive receptors. Therefore, the City’s General Plan outlines noise exposure regulations for sensitive receptors if noise levels exceed current guidelines. Actions to mitigate noise levels are required if exterior noise levels exceed these standards. The interior noise exposure level for residences, schools, and other noise sensitive development is limited to 45 dBA, consistent with State noise standards. Actions that ensure ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 462, Packet Page 790 City of Monterey
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Chapter 3.11: Noise
City of Monterey 3.11-23
interior noise levels do not exceed 45 dBA must be taken if exterior noise exposure exceeds the stated standards.

For noise exposure CNEL 65-74, the General Plan requires soundproofing existing residences, schools, and other noise sensitive developments to achieve interior noise levels of CNEL 45 or below. In addition, the General Plan requires adequate sound insulation for all new residential and other noise sensitive development in areas exposed to noise levels from CNEL 65-69. Areas exposed to noise levels above CNEL 70 should be avoided for new residential or noise sensitive development unless abated. For noise exposure CNEL 60-64, the General Plan requires acoustical studies of proposed new residential and other noise sensitive developments. It also requires sound insulation as necessary to achieve interior noise levels of CNEL 45 or below.

In addition, Monterey City Code Section 38-33 requires an acoustic analysis and noise mitigation program for residential units to be submitted with the use permit application for a mixed-use project in an area with noise generators such as traffic, evening activity, music, etc. in the immediate area. Noise mitigation measures may include insulation of walls and windows, placement of sleeping quarters in interior locations, and placement of closets and utility areas between the outside noise sources and living or sleeping areas. In Monterey City Code Section 38-99.7, all multifamily uses in the Multifamily Residential Overlay District shall conform to current noise insulation standards pursuant to the California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1. Compliance with such codes will require developments to use state-ofthe-art construction techniques that will mitigate outdoor activity noise to the greatest extent feasible.

As such, implementation of General Plan policies, as well as requirements codified in Section 38 of the Monterey City Code, would ensure potential noise impacts to sensitive receptors along major roadways in the Planning Area will be less than significant despite increases in traffic noise.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 463, Packet Page 791 Noise Contour Legend
DNL 55 to 60 dB
DNL 60 to 65 dB
DNL 65 to 70 dB
DNL 70 to 75 dB
DNL 75 to 80 dB
> DNL 80 dB
Not to scale
Figure 3-11a: Existing (No Project) Noise Contours
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 464, Packet Page 792 Noise Contour Legend
DNL 55 to 60 dB
DNL 60 to 65 dB
DNL 65 to 70 dB
DNL 70 to 75 dB
DNL 75 to 80 dB
> DNL 80 dB
Figure 3-11b: Future (With Project) Noise Contours
Not to scale
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Impact 3.10-2 Development under the Proposed Plan would not generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise
levels. (Less than Significant)
Construction Vibration
Construction of individual projects facilitated by the Proposed Plan could intermittently generate groundborne vibration on and adjacent to construction sites. Buildings in the vicinity of a construction site respond to vibration with varying degrees ranging from imperceptible effects at the lowest levels, to low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibrations at minor levels, and up to minor damage at the highest vibration levels. Table 3.11-3 lists groundborne vibration levels from various types of construction equipment at various distances. The Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 1,995 new jobs in Monterey by 2031. Of this, 5,548 units would consist of low-rise apartment buildings of no more than four stories. Applicable construction equipment, such as a large bulldozer, could approach vibration levels of 0.089 PPV at a distance of 25 feet from the source and 0.0315 PPV at 50 feet. Construction equipment with greater vibrational impacts, such as pile drivers, is typically needed for high-rise structures and as such is not applicable to the construction needs under the Proposed Plan.

Further, exemptions for construction activity based on time of day are outlined in the Monterey City Code. Per Section 38-112.2, the hours for all construction, alteration, remodeling, demolition, and repair activities which are authorized by a valid City Building Permit, as well as the delivery and removal of materials and equipment associated with these activities, are limited to the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Saturday, and 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Sunday. Compliance with such regulations would ensure the impacts related to excessive groundborne vibration are not significant. Therefore, compliance with applicable City Code policies and regulatory requirements, such as the construction hour restrictions, would ensure that construction vibration associated with development under the Proposed Plan would be minimized to the maximum extent practicable and impacts would be less than significant.

Operational Vibration
Stationary Source Vibration
As development occurs, there is generally a potential for more operational vibration sources to be developed. However, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not directly result in an increase of operational sources of vibration in the Planning Area. Additionally, should mechanical equipment be installed or new sources of vibration be constructed, the potential vibration effects would be analyzed in a project-specific environmental analysis. Further, vibration from mechanical equipment is generally localized, and it is unlikely that vibration effects would occur outside the immediate vicinity of the vibration-generating mechanical equipment. Monterey City Code Section 38-111 also does not permit any use, activity, or process to produce vibrations that are perceptible without instruments by a reasonable person at the property lines of a site. As such, stationary source vibration impacts associated with implementation of the Proposed Plan would be less than significant.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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City of Monterey 3.11-27
Traffic Vibration
There would be an anticipated increase in traffic in the Planning Area associated with both new development permitted within the Planning Area under the Proposed Plan and with regional traffic that may pass through the Planning Area (see Section 3.13: Transportation). Vibration resulting from vehicle traffic is generated primarily by heavy truck passage over discontinuities in the pavement (such as potholes, bumps, and expansion joints). Highway 1 and Highway 68, which bisect the city, are the major north-south and east-west highways that serve to connect Monterey to the wider region. Groundborne vibration generated by traffic traveling on roadways is generally below the threshold of perception at adjacent land uses, unless there are severe discontinuities in the roadway surface. This analysis assumes that roadways in the Planning Area are or would be reasonably maintained, with no severe discontinuities. Additionally, policies in the General Plan Noise Element address streetscape improvements and truck limits on local arterials that would serve to avoid traffic-related vibration impacts (Noise Element Policies a.1, a.2, a.3, a.4, a.5, and a.6). Therefore, vehicle traffic resulting from construction and operation of residential projects under the Proposed Plan would not be anticipated to result in substantial or excessive groundborne vibration and impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.10-3 The Proposed Plan would not be located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or expose people residing or working in the Planning Area to
excessive noise levels. (Less than Significant)
The nearest aviation facility is the Monterey Regional Airport, which is located immediately adjacent to the eastern City limits. According to the 2019 Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP), the City of Monterey is almost entirely within the Airport Influence Area. In particular, there are several sites proposed for development near the airport, including sites in the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area and sites along Garden Road and Highway 68. As such, development pursuant to the Proposed Plan could result in the location of sensitive receptors in areas that may be subject to excessive noise from the airport and the impact is potentially significant.

As detailed above in the Environmental Setting, the ALUCP identifies noise hazards associated with the airport and identifies zones where certain uses are prohibited and restricted in order to protect public health and safety. Portions of the Fort Ord opportunity area and the 50-acre MPUSD parcel south of Highway 68 are within Zone 3, which prohibits all residential except for low density residential and infill in developed areas. However, the proposed Land Use Element establishes a new Airport Compatibility Overlay (AC-O) that applies to properties in airport safety zones 1 through 6 as identified in the Monterey Regional Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) in order to protect airport operations and ensure public safety. Existing uses are permitted to continue on sites within the AC-O, and new development and expansion of existing uses shall only be permitted where the compatibility criteria or the infill exemption criteria of the ALUCP can be met. Further, Program 1-H and Program 1-I of the proposed Housing Element would also help ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 467, Packet Page 795 City of Monterey
Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.11: Noise

3.11-28 City of Monterey
ensure compatibility with the ALUCP, requiring future land uses planned on the Fort Ord property and the Highway 68 Area Plan boundaries that are within the Monterey Regional Airport Influence Area to be compatible with the ALUCP. As such, no conflicts with ALUCP zones would result.

The ALUCP also identifies the airport’s noise contours. The 65 dB contour is predominantly limited to the airport’s jurisdiction and does not overlap with areas where development is permitted or on housing sites identified in the Housing Element. Compliance with the General Plan Exterior Noise Exposure Standards for New Development would also limit the potential for placement of new sensitive uses within the 65 dB contour. Further, City standards and the California Building Code require an interior sound rating of 45 dB for new development involving for residences, schools, and other noise sensitive uses. As such, with adherence to State and local regulations and Proposed Plan standards, policies, and programs, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not expose people to excessive noise levels related to airport activities and there would be a less than significant impact with respect to this criterion.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 468, Packet Page 796 City of Monterey 3.12-1

3.12 Public Services and Recreation
This section provides an evaluation of potential impacts on public facilities and services as a result of the Proposed Plan, including impacts related to fire, police, school services, and park and recreation facilities. This section describes existing public services and facilities in the planning area, as well as relevant federal, State, and local regulations and programs. The location of public facilities and educational institutions is shown on Figure 3.12-1.

There were no responses to the NOP regarding environmental impacts related to public services and recreation.

Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
Police Services
The Monterey Police Department (MPD) services the City of Monterey. Headquartered at 351 Madison Street, MPD is comprised of a Patrol Division that maintains 24-hour police patrol throughout the community, an Investigations Division that conducts criminal investigations, an Administration Division that provides records and jail support, and the Office of the Chief which provides strategic direction as well as accountability and financial and analytic support.

While the MPD provides traditional law enforcement services, it is also responsive to the myriad of other issues that it is tasked with. One example is the MPD Multi-Disciplinary Outreach Team (MDOT) which is comprised of police officers and social workers. MDOT social workers and MPD Community Action Team (CAT) police officers, work collaboratively to bring services to those who are in need and address quality of life issues. All of the social workers are funded by cooperating governmental and non-governmental entities, but they have full access to the MPD and have “touch-down” work stations at the MPD and are on-site at least once a week. MPD participates in the California State Mutual Aid System, which facilitates inter-jurisdictional police collaboration for emergency services. Monterey is in Mutual Aid Region II, with Alameda County acting as the regional coordinator. The Monterey office of the Coastal Division of California Highway Patrol provides highway and traffic ë~ÑÉíó=ëÉêîáÅÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ìåáåÅçêéçê~íÉÇ areas of Monterey County in addition to all freeways, including Highway 1 and portions of Highway 68.1 1 California Highway Patrol. (730) Monterey. Available: https://www.chp.ca.gov/find-an-office/coastaldivision/offices/(730)-monterey. Accessed: September 19, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 469, Packet Page 797 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation

3.12-2 City of Monterey
Staffing
MPD has a staff of 53 sworn officers and 19 civilian staff members.2 MPD’s Annual Report identifies that in 2021 the average staffing ratio was 1.80 sworn officers per 1,000 city residents based on the city’s 2020 population of 30,218.3 MPD has maintained a steady police force of 53 sworn officers between 2017 and 2021, though has plans to increase to 60 officers in the next five to ten years. In 2021, the MPD logged 50,036 calls for service.

Equipment
The Police Department maintains 15 patrol vehicles and in order to accommodate the increase in projected staffing over the next five to ten years, MPD plans to add two additional patrol vehicles.

The City is planning to develop a new public safety facility, which would include MPD, the Monterey Fire Department Administrative Facility, Monterey Fire Station 11, an Emergency Operations Center, an additional resource building, and parking for the co-located buildings. If this occurs at the current police and fire site, the footprint would remain relatively similar, but there would be an increase in the total square footage of the current buildings (built in 1959), which would be demolished, and new facilities constructed. Alternatively, the City may acquire a preexisting facility in Monterey and convert it to a shared Public Safety facility.

Fire Protection
The Monterey Fire Department (MFD) provides fire protection for a service area that includes the City of Monterey, the U.S. Army Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center at the Presidio of Monterey, the Naval Support Activity Monterey Naval Postgraduate School and their housing located at La Mesa Village, as well as the cities of Sand City, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Pacific Grove, and the Monterey Peninsula Airport.4
Staffing
The department has 86 paid full-time personnel and two part-time Fire Inspectors. Fire staffing consists of three shifts that work 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Each shift works two days on and four days off (48/96 schedule)with a minimum of 23 personnel per shift(including the assigned Division Chief). The department’s administration consists of one Fire Chief, one Assistant Chief, three Division Chiefs assigned to shifts, one Training Division Chief, one Deputy Fire Marshal, and two Part-Time Fire Inspectors.
2 City of Monterey. 2021. Monterey Police Department Annual Report. Available:
https://files.monterey.org/Document%20Center/Police/MPD%20ANNUAL%20REPORT_2021_Final.pdf. Accessed:

August 21, 2023.
3 City of Monterey. 2021. Monterey Police Department Annual Report. Available:
https://files.monterey.org/Document%20Center/Police/MPD%20ANNUAL%20REPORT_2021_Final.pdf. Accessed:

August 21, 2023.
4 City of Monterey. About (Fire). Available: https://monterey.org/city_hall/fire/about/index.php, Accessed: August 21, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 470, Packet Page 798 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation
City of Monterey 3.12-3
Fire Station Address
Fire Station 11 600 Pacific Street, Monterey, CA
Fire Station 12 582 Hawthorne Street, Monterey, CA
Fire Station 13 401 Dela Vina Avenue, Monterey CA
Fire Station 14 600 Pine Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA
Fire Station 15 On 6th Avenue between Mission and San Carlos Streets, Carmel-by-the-Sea, CA
Fire Station 16 1600 Airport Road, Monterey Regional Airport, CA Source: City of Monterey. Fire Stations. Available: https://monterey.org/city_hall/fire/operations/fire_stations.php. Accessed:

August 21, 2023
Support personnel includes one Senior Administrative Analyst, one Fire Prevention Technician, and an Administrative Assistant. There are six fire stations within the area served by Monterey Fire which are listed in Table 3.12-1 and shown on Figure 3.12-1. Fire Station 11 is adjacent to Monterey Police headquarters and is currently being evaluated for redevelopment as a new facility to meet the needs of the Fire and Police Departments. New construction would not result in increased staffing for MFD. Fire Station 14 is in the City of Pacific Grove and primarily serves that city.

Similarly, Fire Station 15 is in the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea and primarily serves that city. In addition, Fire Station 16 currently serves the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch, Garden Road, Fisherman’s Flats, Deer Flats areas and the Highway 68 corridor. It is operated under a contract with Monterey Airport District and, under provisions of that contract, is only available during the hours of 8:00 am and 7:59 pm to respond to those areas.7 During the “nighttime” hours, those areas are served by other Monterey Fire stations. The City is presently evaluating options for providing improved service levels to this portion of the city.8
Equipment
The City of Monterey operates various pieces of firefighting equipment including: six first out pumping engines, one 100' Aerial tractor-drawn Tiller Truck, one 37’ Fire Boat, one Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) truck/trailer, one Type 3 Wild land Unit, one Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Truck, , one Command Vehicle, one OES Fire Engine. In addition, there are four Staff Vehicles and numerous reserve vehicles.
7 Monterey Peninsula Airport District Board of Directors. August 16, 2023 Board of Directors Meeting Packet.

Available: https://montereyairport.specialdistrict.org/files/833a2b1a9/20230816+Packet.pdf. Accessed: January 22, 2024.
8 G. Panholzer, personal communication, November 10, 2023.

Table 3.12-1: Monterey Fire Department Stations
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 471, Packet Page 799 nm
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Data Source: City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 472, Packet Page 800 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation
City of Monterey 3.12-5
Service Calls and Response Time
Since 2016, response calls have increased from 8,296 to 9,405 incidents annually.9 In 2022, approximately 56 percent of MFD’s emergency responses throughout its service area were for rescue and medical assistance, and MFD responded to 9,405 calls throughout its service area.10 Based on the city’s 2022 population of 28,079,11 this equates to approximately one MFD service call per 2.98 people in the city. According to a 2022 report by Citygate, in instances of smaller fires and less complex emergencies that require a single- or two-unit response, the department provides an average call-to-arrival time of six minutes, 42 seconds which is 48 seconds faster than Citygate’s best practice recommendation of seven and a half minutes. For larger or more complex incidents that require more units and personnel to control, MFD averages a 10-minute and 37-second callto-arrival performance which is 53 seconds faster than the Citygate-defined 11-and-a-half-minute baseline.12
Schools
The Monterey Peninsula Unified School District (MPUSD) serves the City of Marina, Sand City, Seaside, and Del Rey Oaks, in addition to City of Monterey.13 MPUSD consists of two preschools, three transitional kindergarten through 8th grade schools, seven elementary schools, two middle schools, three comprehensive high schools, and one continuation high school. The Planning Area is served by five of these schools, as shown in Table 3.12-2. In recent years, MPUSD has seen declining student enrollment. District-wide enrollment decreased from 10,658 enrolled students in the 2018–2019 school year to 9,809 students in the 2022-2023 school year.14 As shown in Table

3.12-2, while there have been some increases in enrollment for some schools, overall enrollment in MPUSD schools serving the Planning Area has decreased from 2,728 students in 2018-2019 to 2,673 students in 2022-2023. As of 2023, MPUSD facilities have a capacity of 14,523 seats, well beyond current enrollment at all school levels. In addition, Table 3.12-3 demonstrates that enrollment projections for MPUSD forecasts a total decrease from 8,944 in 2023 to 8,311 in 2032. Enrollment 9 City of Monterey. Response Statistics (Fire). Available:
https://www.monterey.org/city_hall/fire/about/response_statistics.php#collapse1850b0. Accessed: August 21, 2023. 10 City of Monterey. 2022. Response Statistics. Available:
https://www.monterey.org/city_hall/fire/about/response_statistics.php#collapse1850b0. Accessed: August 21, 2023. 11 California Department of Finance. E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2020- 2023. Available: https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-5-population-and-housing-estimates-forcities-counties-and-the-state-2020-2023/. Accessed: January 22, 2024. 12 Citygate Associates, LLC.Community. April 29, 2022. Risk Assessment and Standards of Cover Study, Volume 1 of 2:

Technical Report. Available: https://files.monterey.org/Document%20Center/Fire/Administration/Vol1-MontereyCRA-SOC-Study-Technical-Report-22_0429.pdf, Accessed: October 18, 2023. 13 Monterey Peninsula Unified School District. 2023. About Us. Available:
https://www.mpusd.net/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=1019885&type=d&pREC_ID=1305113. Accessed: August 21, 2023.
14 DataQuest. 2023. Enrollment by Grade. Monterey Peninsula Unified Report (27-66092). Available:
https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/dqcensus/EnrEthGrd.aspx?cds=2766092&agglevel=district&year=2022-23. Accessed:

August 29, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 473, Packet Page 801 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation

3.12-6 City of Monterey
projections factor in the approximately 5,800 new residential units from housing element implementation over the next 10 years.

Schools
There are two other private schools in Monterey: Trinity Christian High School (680 Belden Street), serving ninth through twelfth graders and San Carlos School (450 Church Street), serving kindergarten through eighth grade. There are two charter schools in Monterey, Monterey Bay Charter School Foothill Campus (1700 Via Casoli), serving kindergarten through second grade and Bay View Academy Lower and Upper Schools (222 Casa Verde Way and 190 Seeno Street), serving kindergarten through eighth grade. In addition, Monterey Peninsula College (MPC) is a public community college in Monterey (980 Fremont Street). CEQA is mainly concerned with public schools, as increased enrollment could trigger the need to spend public funds on construction that could result in environmental impacts.

Libraries
The City of Monterey Public Library, located at 625 Pacific Street, serves the Planning Area and was the first public library in California founded in 1849.15 The approximately 23,000-square-foot library building was first constructed in 1953 and rehabilitated most recently in 1983. The library was marked as one of the city’s landmark buildings in 2012. 15 City of Monterey. 2020. Monterey Public Library Feasibility Study. Available:
https://monterey.org/MPLibrary/Documents/Get%20Involved/Library%20Facility%20Feasibility%20Study.pdf.

Accessed: August 30, 2023
Table 3.12-2: Enrollment at Monterey Peninsula Unified District Schools Serving the Planning Area (2018-2023)
School Address
Enrollment
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
La Mesa
Elementary School
1 La Mesa Way,
Monterey, CA 431 437 339 450 564
Monte Vista
Elementary School
251 Soledad Dr,
Monterey, CA 365 362 352 413 572
Monterey High
School
101 Herrmann
Dr, Monterey, CA 1,350 1,337 1,292 1,356 1,399
Walter Colton
Middle School
100 Toda Vista,
Monterey, CA 569 553 509 313 129
Total 2,728 2,704 2,502 2,540 2,673
Source: DataQuest. 2018-2023. Enrollment by Grade. Monterey Peninsula Unified Report (27-66092). Available:
https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/SearchName.asp?rbTimeFrame=oneyear&rYear=2022- 23&cName=Monterey+Peninsula&Topic=Enrollment&Level=District&submit1=Submit. Accessed: August 21, 2023 ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 474, Packet Page 802 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation
City of Monterey 3.12-7
Grade 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 T-K 183 196 209 210 209 202 195 189 197 195
K 529 535 541 544 541 525 507 489 510 505
1st 566 546 552 554 551 534 516 498 519 514
2nd 632 576 558 560 568 550 531 511 532 525
3rd 620 626 579 562 571 565 544 524 542 536
4th 594 628 635 586 574 570 561 540 554 547
5th 604 589 625 628 593 571 565 555 562 556
6th 584 572 561 592 617 577 555 549 562 553
7th 586 566 560 549 569 590 553 535 548 547
8th 578 585 569 559 553 568 588 552 548 551
9th 689 756 772 751 726 706 735 748 731 694
10th 825 720 782 793 767 729 707 735 779 739
11th 820 839 737 794 805 767 727 705 764 785
12th 815 827 848 744 801 809 770 730 719 771
Total 8,944 8,875 8,838 8,733 8,751 8,567 8,350 8,148 8,361 8,311 Capacity 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 14,523 Open Seats 5,579 5,648 5,685 5,790 5,772 5,956 6,173 6,375 6,162 6,212 Source: Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, Annual Enrollment Projection Report, 2023.

The library currently has a staff of 26 people, a collection of nearly 100,000 items, 14 Personal Computers (PC) computers and 10 laptops available for public use, and provides programming and resources for all ages.16 17 Within the library is a California History Room that contains historic maps, audio files, books and other items related to the history of California and the Monterey Region. Other services at the library include a variety of e-resources, free internet and wireless access, laptop borrowing services, access to photocopiers, programs and resources for kids and teens, as well as a two meeting rooms available for use by community groups.22 The City currently supports State and local library infrastructure bond measures for the construction of new libraries, which, if approved, would contribute to the library system and help to address the demand for library services in the city.

In 2020, the City of Monterey undertook a Library Feasibility Study to assess current facility conditions, library use patterns, gather community and stakeholder input, and conduct staff workshops to identify options to expand and improve library facilities. The Library Feasibility 16 California State Library. 2022. California Public Library Statistics. Available:
https://www.library.ca.gov/stats/?Year%5B%5D=FY21-22. Accessed: August 30, 2023. 17 B. Edwards, personal communication, November 14, 2023. 22 City of Monterey. Library Services, Monterey Public Library. Available:
https://monterey.org/library/services/meeting_rooms.php. Accessed: August 30, 2023.

Table 3.12-3: MPUSD Enrollment Projections
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 475, Packet Page 803 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation

3.12-8 City of Monterey
Study acts as a precursor to an implementation plan that will include funding strategies and communications plans to increase community awareness about potential upgrading or expansion of existing facilities. The Library Board endorsed a preferred strategy of a Level 3 Expansion, encompassing a 31,000-square-foot renovation and expansion of the Monterey Public Library at its current location.23
Parks, Recreational Facilities, and Harbors
Parks
The City of Monterey operates 37 public parks, representing approximately 772 acres of parkland in the Planning Area. Shown in Table 3.12-4 and Figure 3.12-2, these parks include neighborhood parks, community parks, pocket parks/mini parks, special use parks, regional parks, and greenbelts/open spaces.24 Neighborhood parks are intended to provide open space and basic recreational facilities for residents in the vicinity of the park, while community parks provide space for organized sports and major facilities for the broader community, including swimming pools, ball fields, and community centers. Pocket parks/mini parks offer a small park tucked into the neighborhood fabric; special use parks include those that do not fit into a typical category such as beaches and the Monterey Tennis Center; regional parks are larger parks meant for broader, regional use; and greenbelts/open space offer patches of wild or undeveloped land around neighborhoods or urban parts of the city. These greenbelts include Skyline Forest, Veteran’s Park, Monte Vista, Carmelo Street, Don Dahvee, Josselyn Canyon, Fisherman Flats, and Old Capitol Site; and open space includes Monterey State Beach, Del Monte Beach, Monterey State Beach, Lower Presidio Historic Park, and McAbee Beach.

The City of Monterey adopted the Parks and Recreation Master Plan in 2016.25 The Plan outlines facilities across the city that need upgrading and describes a number of projects the City aims to undertake to improve aging parks and recreation facilities in Monterey. These include trail-wide and segment-specific improvements to Monterey’s Recreation Trail, increasing connectivity across the existing park system, maintaining cleanliness in parks, making improvements across El Estero Park, designing and constructing a new waterfront community gathering area, improving circulation in Lower Presidio Historic Park, initiating renovations for Monterey Bay Park, improving amenities at Del Monte Beach, and working toward potential plans for both an ocean aquatic center and outdoor competitive swimming pool.
23 City of Monterey. 2020. Monterey Public Library Feasibility Study. Available:
https://monterey.org/MPLibrary/Documents/Get%20Involved/Library%20Facility%20Feasibility%20Study.pdf.

Accessed: August 30, 2023
24 City of Monterey. Beaches, Parks, & Playgrounds. Available:
https://monterey.org/city_hall/departments/beaches,_parks___playgrounds/#collapse4330b2. Accessed: August 29, 2023.
25 City of Monterey. April, 2016. City of Monterey Parks & Recreation Master Plan. Available:
https://www.monterey.org/Document%20Center/CommDev/Planning/Parks%20&%20Recreation%20Master%20Pl an/16_1027-Final-PRMP.pdf. Accessed: August 31, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 476, Packet Page 804 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation
City of Monterey 3.12-9
The Parks and Recreation Master Plan notes that Monterey provides approximately 6.4 acres of neighborhood and pocket parks, community parks, and special parks per 1,000 residents. Including public open space and regional parks, the service ratio rises to 27.3 acres per 1,000 residents. In addition, Monterey’s parks are distributed throughout the city, offering a park, trail, or open space within a quarter mile, or a five-minute walk, for most residents. Factoring in the additional population of approximately 11,200 residents under the Proposed Plan, the City would still maintain a total park service ratio of 19 acres per 1,000 residents. The City has not established a service level standard of minimum park acreage per resident. However, considering Monterey’s current level of service, quality, and type of facilities, as well as maintenance of a relatively stable population over time, the Master Plan determined that the City does not have a need to develop more parks.

Park Name Park Size (Acres)
Pocket Park
Bruce Ariss Way Park/Cannery Row Worker’s
Memorial Park .12
Cannery Row Park Plaza .18
Ed Ricketts Park .03
Griffin Plaza 0.16
Hartnell Gulch Park 0.6
Laguna Grande Court Park 0.07
Lagunita Mirada 1
Portola Plaza 0.66
Sensory Garden 0.41
Spanish Plaza 0.43
Neighborhood Park
Archer Park & Hoffman Park 1.6
Casanova Oak Knoll Park 1.3
Cypress Park 1
Deer Flats Park 1
Fisherman’s Flats Park 1.5
Laguna Grande Park 2.6
Larkin Park 1.3
Montecito Park 1
Oak Newton Park 2.5
Peter J. Ferrante Park 1
Community Park
Colton Hall Lawn 1
El Estero Park Complex 45
Table 3.12-4: Existing Parks and Facilities
ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 477, Packet Page 805 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.12: Public Services and Recreation

3.12-10 City of Monterey
Park Name Park Size (Acres)
Fisherman’s Shoreline Park 3.17
Friendly Plaza 0.78
Hilltop Park 2.8
Jacks Ball Park 3.7
Monterey Bay Park 4.8
San Carlos Beach Park 2.87
Scholze Park 1.2
Via Paraiso Park 10.6
Whispering Pines Park 3.1
Special
Del Monte Beach 10
Frances Elkins Park .12
Jacobsen Park .49
Lower Presidio Historic Park 26
McAbee Beach City Park 0.14
Monterey Bay Coastal/Recreational Trail 3.87
Monterey Municipal Beach .75
Monterey Tennis Center
Parks Division Corporation Yard 6
Simoneau Plaza 0.2
Sister City Park 0.29
Veteran’s Memorial Park 50
Regional
Laguna Grande Regional Park 34.8
Open Space
Clara Wooden Grove 0.5
Deer Flats Greenbelt 40
Descanso Greenbelt 6.35
Don Dahvee Park 35.8
Fisherman’s Flats Greenbelt 5
Huckleberry Hill Nature Preserve 81
Iris Canyon Greenbelt 32.1
Old Capitol Site Greenbelt 134.4
Old Salinas Hwy (Minealas) Greenbelt 5.22
Quarry Park 10
Ryan Ranch Park 100
Skyline Drive Greenbelt 85.6
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Park Name Park Size (Acres)
Washerwoman’s Pond 1.8
Woodridge Acres Greenbelt 3.8
Joint Use
Bay View Charter School/Del Monte Elementary 1
Foothill Elementary School 2
La Mesa Elementary School 6.5
La Mesa Park Sites (3) 5.5
Bay View Charter School / Larkin Elementary 0.5
Monte Vista Elementary School 2
Monterey High School 4
Monterey Peninsula College 8
Soldier Field 9.5
Trinity Christian High School 1
Walter Colton Middle School 4
Community Resource
Custom House Plaza 2
Monterey Pines Golf and RV (US NAVY) 102.64
Monterey State Beach 63.41
US Navy Beachfront 66.55
Total City Park Acreage 771.81 27.3 acres per 1,000 residents2 Active/Passive Park Space 195.4 6.9 acres per 1,000 residents Regional Parks 34.8 1.2 acres per 1,000 residents
Open Space 541.6 19.1 acres per 1,000 residents
Notes

1. Total city park acreage does not include joint use or community resource categories.

2. Service level ratio is based on 2020 California Department of Finance population estimates of 28,304 residents.

Source: City of Monterey Parks & Recreation Master Plan, August 2016; Dyett & Bhatia, 2023; City of Monterey.

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Pacific Grove
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Del Monte
Beach Monterey
Harbor
W Franklin St
Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
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Abrego St
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Casa Verde Way
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Montecito Ave
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Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
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Data Source: City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

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Recreational Facilities
The City operates five community/recreation centers to support community programs and events as shown on Figure 3.12-2 and listed in Table 3.12-5 below. These include Hilltop Park & Center, Monterey Sports Center, Scholze Park & Center, El Estero Park Center, and Casanova Oak Knoll Park & Center. Each community center provides a variety of meeting/multi-purpose rooms and recreational programming for all ages.

The Parks and Recreational Master Plan has not established any service ratio for recreational facilities. However, a number of recreational facilities upgrades are listed in the Master Plan, including installing free Wi-Fi at all community centers and the Sports Center, upgrading audiovisual systems, increasing operating hours, rebranding the Monterey Youth Center as El Estero Park Center, and repurposing the Teen Room as the Lake View Room that accommodates both meetings and recreational programming. The Parks Master Plan suggests future development of a multi-field sports complex, an outdoor competitive swimming pool, and a new Teen Center near the high school.

Community Center Size (in ft2)
Casanova Oak Knoll Park Center 5,110
Scholze Park & Center 9,437
El Estero Park Center 14,000
Hilltop Park & Center 18,400
Monterey Sports Center 71,255
Total 2.71 acres
Source: City of Monterey Parks & Recreation Master Plan, August, 2016 Waterfront and Harbors
In addition, the City offers public harbor facilities including Monterey Harbor Wharves No. 1 and 2, the Coast Guard pier, and boat launch pier.26 Wharf No. 1 is available to visitors and residents.

While Wharf No. 2 includes the Monterey Peninsula Yacht Club and a couple restaurants, it is used primarily for commercial fishing and recreational pier fishing. The City marina has 413 boat slips and offers transient slips on a first come first serve basis.27 The Parks and Recreational Master Plan has not established any service ratio for public harbor facilities. However, the Master Plan references the Waterfront Master Plan which identifies potential new projects and opportunities 26 City of Monterey. January, 2005. City of Monterey General Plan. Available:
https://monterey.org/Document%20Center/CommDev/Planning/General-Plan/19_0604-General-Plan.pdf.

Accessed: August 31, 2023.
27 City of Monterey. Harbor & Marina. Available: https://monterey.org/city_facilities/harbor___marina/index.php.

Accessed: August 31, 2023.

Table 3.12-5: Existing Recreation Facilities
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for parks spaces near the waterfront and harbors, such as a waterfront gathering area. The Plan also underscores the need for improved circulation, parking, and pedestrian improvements.28

REGULATORY SETTING
Federal Regulations
There are no federal regulations related to public services or recreation that apply to the Planning Area.

State Regulations
California Fire and Building Code
The State of California provides minimum standards for building design through the California Building Code (CBC), which is located in Part 2 of Title 24, California Building Standards Code, of the CCR. The CBC is based on the International Building Code but has been amended for California conditions. It is generally adopted on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, subject to further modification based on local conditions. Commercial and residential buildings are planchecked by local building officials for compliance with the CBC. Typical fire safety requirements of the CBC include: the installation of sprinklers in all high-rise buildings; the establishment of fire resistance standards for fire doors, building materials, and particular types of construction; and the clearance of debris and vegetation within a prescribed distance from occupied structures in wildfire hazard areas.

California Code of Regulations
The California Code of Regulations, Title 5 Education Code, governs all aspects of education within the State. California State Assembly Bill 2926 (AB 2926) – School Facilities Act of 1986 – was enacted by the State of California in 1986 and added to the California Government Code (Section 65995). It authorizes school districts to collect development fees, based on demonstrated need, and generate revenue for school districts for capital acquisitions and improvements. It also established that the maximum fees which may be collected under this and any other school fee authorization are $1.50 per square foot ($1.50/ft2) for residential development and $0.25/ft2 for commercial and industrial development.

AB 2926 was expanded and revised in 1987 through the passage of AB 1600, which added Section 66000 et seq. of the Government code. Under this statute, payment of statutory fees by developers serves as total mitigation under CEQA to satisfy the impact of development on school facilities.

However, subsequent legislative actions have alternatively expanded and contracted the limits placed on school fees by AB 2926.

Senate Bill 50, California Government Code 65995(b), Education Code Section 17620, and the Mitigation Fee Act
28 City of Monterey. Parks Master Plan.

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Senate Bill (SB) 50 (funded by bonds sold under Proposition 1A, approved in 1998) limits the power of cities and counties to require mitigation of school facilities impacts as a condition of approving new development and provides instead for a standardized developer fee. SB 50 generally provides for a 50/50 State and local school facilities funding match. SB 50 also provides for three levels of statutory impact fees. The application level depends on whether State funding is available, whether the school district is eligible for State funding, and whether the school district meets certain additional criteria involving bonding capacity, year-round school, and the percentage of moveable classrooms in use.

SB 50 amended the California Government Code Section 65995, which contains limitations on Education Code Section 17620, the statute that authorizes school districts to assess development fees within school district boundaries. Government Code Section 65995(b)(3) requires the maximum square footage assessment for development to be increased every two years, according to inflation adjustments. On January 24, 2018, the State Allocation Board approved increasing the allowable amount of statutory school facilities fees (Level I School Fees) to $3.79 per square foot of assessable space for residential development of 500 square feet or more, and to $0.61 per square foot of chargeable covered and enclosed space for commercial/industrial development.

Enacted as Assembly Bill (AB) 1600, the Mitigation Fee Act requires a local agency establishing, increasing, or imposing an impact fee as a condition of development to identify the purpose of the fee and the use to which the fee is to be put. The agency must also demonstrate a reasonable relationship between the fee and the purpose for which it is charged, and between the fee and the type of development plan on which it is to be levied. The act came into force on January 1, 1989.

Quimby Act
The 1975 Quimby Act (California Government Code section 66477) authorized cities and counties to pass ordinances requiring that developers set aside land, donate conservation easements, or pay fees for park improvements. Under the Quimby Act, fees must be paid and land conveyed directly to the local public agencies that provide park and recreation services communitywide; however, revenues generated through the Quimby Act cannot be used for the operation and maintenance of park facilities. The act states that the dedication requirement of parkland can be a minimum of three acres per thousand residents or more, and equal to the existing parkland provision (up to five acres per thousand residents) if the existing ratio is greater than the minimum standard. In 1982, the act was substantially amended. The amendments further defined acceptable uses of or restrictions on Quimby funds, provided acreage/population standards and formulas for determining the exaction, and indicated that the exactions must show a reasonable relationship to a project’s impacts as identified through studies required by CEQA.

California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training The California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) advocates for, exchanges information with, sets selection and training standards for, and works with law enforcement and other public and private entities. POST was established by the Legislature in 1959 to identify common needs that are shared by representatives of law enforcement.

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Local Regulations
City of Monterey General Plan 2004 (General Plan)
The City of Monterey General Plan (General Plan) includes the following goals and policies associated with public services and recreation:

Open Space Element
Goal c. Preserve greenbelts to ensure an overall visual impression of open space on the hillsides above Monterey, between neighborhoods and along major transportation corridors.

Policy c.1. Maintain greenbelts as open space.

Policy c.2. Coordinate with the County to preserve greenbelts, which form the backdrop of Monterey.

Policy c.3. Work with the County and others to preserve Monterey Pines where possible.

Goal f. Maintain and enhance the park system for City residents and visitors.

Policy f.1. Maintain the Parks and Recreation Master Plan to outline the City’s current and future priorities.

Policy f.2. Acquire and retain land for current and future parks and recreation open space to serve residents’ needs.

Policy f.3. Plan, acquire, design, develop, and maintain areas and facilities to meet the leisure and aesthetic needs of the residents of the City.

Policy f.4. Provide a wide variety of quality leisure activity opportunities for all residents of the City.

Policy f.5. Be flexible in providing for special needs as dictated by current trends and changing interests of the citizens of Monterey.

Policy f.6. Provide ongoing efficient and effective design, development, renovation, and management of visually aesthetic and functional park areas and facilities.

Policy f.7. Coordinate public and private agencies and community groups in the planning and development of park and recreation programs and facilities.

Policy f.8. Maintain our parks in excellent condition.

Parks & Recreation Master Plan (2016)
The City of Monterey 2016 Parks and Recreation Plan serves to identify projects, opportunities, and framework for decision-making that will guide the City over the next 15 years to more ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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effectively adapt and evolve with the community’s needs and interests. The Plan was informed by community input, demographics and trends analysis, recreation and facilities, and existing programs and policies. The goals of the Parks & Recreation Master Plan include:

1. Unique Sense of Place: Enhance and celebrate Monterey’s unique sense of place through excellent park and facility design, and integration of art, history and community.

2. Diverse Community: Design, build and maintain facilities that support Monterey’s diverse community.

3. Economic and Environmental Sustainability: Ensure that the Parks and Recreation system is economically and environmentally sustainable.

4. Accessible Parks and Facilities: Ensure adequate safety and accessibility for all users.

Monterey City Code
Chapter 27 of the Monterey City Code requires that Monterey City adhere to the standards for the recruitment and training of peace officers and public safety dispatchers established by the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST), since Monterey City is qualified to receive aid from the State of California pursuant to Section 13522, Chapter 1 of Title 4, Part 4 of the California Penal Code. Pursuant to Section 13512 of said Penal Code the Commission and its representatives may take measures to ensure peace officer and public safety dispatcher personnel adhere to selection and training standards established by POST.

Article 1 of Chapter 13 covers regulations related to Fire Protection including adoption of the 2022 California Fire Code and its various amendments. Chapter 23, Parks, covers a variety of regulations for recreations areas and parks, including specific regulations for El Estero Park and Ed Ricketts Park. Regulations include limitations on dogs, camping, picnicking, golf, skate parks, swimming, boating, fishing, and other special regulations. Chapter 2 of Article 6 defines the Parks and Recreation Commission, who are responsible for recommendations to the City Council for new parks development, developing and maintaining the Parks & Recreation Master Plan, as well as reviewing applications for major special events. Section 33-31 of Article 3 of Chapter 33 defines school site dedications. A subdivider who develops or completes the development of a subdivision within the MPUSD or other elementary schools must dedicate to the school district lands that the Planning Commission deems necessary for constructing schools.

Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
a. Fire protection,
b. Police protection,
c. Schools,
d. Parks, or
e. Other public facilities;
Criterion 2: Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated; or
Criterion 3: Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment.

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
Criteria from Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines were used to determine whether the Proposed Plan would have a significant impact related to public services and recreation. Potential project-related impacts were analyzed based on their potential to result in either physical degradation of public facilities, or a reduction of public service ratios such that construction of a new public service facility would be required to meet service ratio needs. Future service ratios anticipated under project conditions were compared to goal ratios identified in applicable documents (e.g., the General Plan), as well as other local planning documents, to identify the project’s potential to result in impacts. In addition, correspondence with service providers is located in Appendix C of the DEIR.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Plan contains the following goals and policies relevant to public services and recreation. The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix B for reference:

Housing Goal #1. Increase housing supply and facilitate production of at least 3,654 new homes by 2031.

Policy 1.1 Promote infill development in adopted Specific Plan areas where high density residential development can be accommodated in proximity to employment, shopping, transit, recreation, and other services.

Program 1-E Education Workforce Housing Overlay.

Program 1-H Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch Specific Plan.

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IMPACTS
Impact 3.12-1 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: fire protection, police protection, schools, parks, or other public facilities. (Less than Significant with Mitigation)
Police Protection Service
A significant impact would result if substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or altered police facilities would occur as a result of buildout under the Proposed Plan. While the Monterey Police Department (MPD) has not established any other service ratios or response time goals at this time, buildout of the Proposed Plan would result in increased calls for service. While buildout would occur incrementally over a period of 8 years, the resulting increase in calls for service would require additional staff and equipment.

MPD has existing plans in place to increase staffing over the next five to ten years from 53 to 60 officers and to acquire two additional patrol vehicles. However, as noted above, MPD and MFD have plans to develop a new joint public safety facility, either through redevelopment at the current 351 Madison Street location or by acquiring a pre-existing facility in Monterey and converting it to a shared public safety facility. Though not funded, the planned facility would be sufficient to accommodate increased MPD staffing and equipment needed to accommodate the increase in calls for service anticipated with buildout of the proposed Plan.29 Therefore, no additional new or physically altered police facilities over and above those already planned would be required as a result of the Proposed Plan. Impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Fire and Emergency Services
A significant impact would result if substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or altered fire protection facilities would occur as a result of buildout under the Proposed Plan. According to Citygate’s Community Risk Assessment and Standards of Cover Study30, the Monterey Fire Department (MFD) is appropriately staffed and deployed to protect the jurisdictions it serves, with response performances meeting recognized best practice goals. 29 29 D. Hober, personal communication, July 26, 2023.
30 Citygate Associates, LLC. 2022. Community Risk Assessment.

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However, the projected increase in population, housing units, and jobs generated by the Proposed Plan would likely result in a subsequent increase in fire and emergency medical service calls to the Planning Area compared to existing conditions. Growth would occur incrementally over the 8-year planning period.

Despite a steady increase in calls for service since 2016, MFD does not have plans to increase staffing or equipment levels over the next eight years. Current staffing and equipment levels provide an adequate number of staffing for fires, medical, or rescue situations and would be sufficient to handle the potential increase in incidents in infill areas with buildout of the Proposed Plan.31 However, fire and emergency medical response services are currently provided to the eastern portion of the city from Station 16, which is leased from the Monterey Airport District and it isn't well suited to provide increased services to that portion of Monterey. Assuch, a dedicated City-owned fire station would likely be needed to serve that area. While the location and design of this facility cannot be known at this time, the construction of the facility could potentially result in environmental impacts. Therefore, implementation of Mitigation Measure PF-1 is required.

Mitigation Measures
MM PF-1: In parallel with preparation of the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch Specific Plan pursuant to Program 1-H of the proposed Housing Element, the City shall:
• Identify in the southeastern part of Planning Area a location for the station that minimizes disruption to sensitive ecosystems, wildlife habitats, and natural resources;
• Require the use of stormwater management measures to control and treat stormwater runoff to prevent pollution and soil erosion during construction; • Develop a plan for the proper handling, recycling, and disposal of construction waste to minimize the impact on local landfills and ecosystems; • Establish erosion control measures, which may include erosion control barriers, sediment traps, and other best management practices to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation of nearby water bodies;
• Require measures to protect and preserve existing vegetation, including trees and native plants, during construction activities;
• Implement best management practices to minimize noise and air pollution during construction, including dust and emissions control measures; and • Require the use of fire-safe building materials and design features to limit the risk of damage or loss due to wildfire.

Implementation of Mitigation Measure PF-1 would reduce the potential environmental impacts associated with construction of the fire station to the maximum extent practicable. Therefore, at a programmatic level, impacts would be less than significant with mitigation.

Significance After Mitigation: Less than Significant with Mitigation. 31 G. Panholzer, personal communication, July 26, 2023.

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Schools
Buildout of the Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 10,125 new residents in the planning area by 2031. While buildout of the Proposed Plan would occur incrementally over the planning period, the growth in population would increase the number of school aged children in Monterey. However, as shown in Table 3.12-3, enrollment projections generated by MPUSD using the Predictive Enrollment Analytics tool indicate that even with an additional approximate 5,800 housing units, MPUSD student populations will continue to decrease between 2023 and 2031 and not exceed total capacity of 14,523 students in any year of the planning period. To the extent that enrollment at any individual school would exceed capacity, excess enrollment would be managed first through intra-district transfers, rather than through the construction of new school facilities. Nevertheless, MPUSD estimates that it would need to expand some existing facilities and potentially alter current lease agreements with private and/or charter schools in order to meet the projected need.32 New residential and mixed-use development under the Proposed Plan would be required to pay standard school impact fees, which would cover a fair share of any need for altered school facilities. As provided by California Government Code Section 65996, the payment of such fees is deemed to fully mitigate the impacts of new development on school services. Impacts would be less than significant.

Additionally, implementation of Program 1-E of the proposed Housing Element would result in the construction of approximately 100 units of educational workforce housing on MPUSD school campuses. The environmental impacts related to traffic, noise, and air quality and GHG emissions during construction and operation of the educational workforce housing have been considered at a programmatic level throughout this EIR. Detailed design of the educational workforce housing has not yet been completed, so site specific impacts cannot be evaluated at this time; however, construction of the educational workforce housing would be subject to separate project-level CEQA review at the time the design is proposed in order to identify and mitigate project-specific impacts not identified in this EIR as appropriate.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Parks
A significant impact would result if substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or altered park facilities would occur as a result of buildout under the Proposed Plan. Buildout of the Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 11,200 new residents in the planning area by 2031. While buildout of the Proposed Plan would occur incrementally over the planning period, the growth in population would increase demand for parks.

As noted above, the City does not have an adopted parks service standard; however, the current parkland ratio in Monterey is 27.3 acres per 1,000 residents, and with growth projected under the Proposed Plan, that ratio would be 20 acres per 1,000 residents. This ratio far exceeds the typical ratio of 3 acres per thousand residents defined in State law (Quimby Act of 1975). Therefore, the 32 Personal communication with Ryan Altemeyer, Associate Superintendent of Business Services, Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, September 25, 2023.

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current acreage of parkland in Monterey would be sufficient to meet the needs of the projected 2031 population and no new or expanded City park facilities are envisioned as part of the Proposed Plan.

In the future, if new or expanded City park facilities are proposed, their construction and operation would be subject to separate project-level CEQA review.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Library Facilities
The projected population growth under the Proposed Plan would increase demand for library services in Monterey. The City has not adopted level of service standards for the provision of library services; however, as noted above, the Library Board has endorsed a long-term strategy for a 31,000- square-foot renovation and expansion of the Monterey Public Library at its current location. It is anticipated that future demand for library services under the Proposed Plan would be through the continued provision of online services in combination with the aforementioned renovation and expansion. As such, the Proposed Plan would not require the construction of new or expanded library facilities beyond those already envisioned. Impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.12-2 Development under the Proposed Plan would not increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated (Less than Significant)
A significant impact would result if development under the Proposed Plan would increase the use of existing parks or recreational facilities such that physical deterioration of the facility would occur.

As discussed under Impact 3.12-1, development under the Proposed Plan and construction of pipeline projects would result in up to 5,800 new units and 10,125 new residents in the Planning Area compared with existing conditions. As such, growth associated with implementation of the Proposed Plan could increase use of the City’s existing neighborhood and of regional parks such that physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated. However, the level of deterioration would not exceed that normally expected to occur in an urban environment, given that Monterey has a wealth of municipal and regional park and recreational facilities distributed throughout the community and that growth under the Proposed Plan would occur incrementally throughout the community over a period of eight years. Further, the Parks and Recreation Master Plan describes a number of projects the City aims to undertake to improve aging parks and recreation facilities in Monterey through 2030. As such, impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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Impact 3.12-3 Development under the Proposed Plan would not require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment. (Less than Significant)
A significant impact would result if development under the Proposed Plan would require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities such that environmental impacts would occur.

As discussed under Impact 3.12-1, the increased local population generated by the Proposed Plan would likely use existing public service and community facilities within the city, including community centers, the Monterey Public Library, and school spaces that could be used for community activities, as well as regional recreational facilities, such as the Laguna Grande Regional Park and the Monterey Recreation Trail. Project implementation would therefore result in increased use of recreational facilities in the City and the surrounding area. However, given the extent of existing facilities in Monterey and the surrounding area and that development under the Proposed Plan would happen throughout the city and occur incrementally over the eight-year planning period, population growth with implementation of the Proposed Plan would not be expected to result in the substantial physical deterioration of existing facilities or to require construction or expansion of recreational facilities to meet the needs of new residents. As such, overall implementation of the Proposed Plan would have a less than significant impact with respect to impacts associated with the construction or expansion of recreational facilities.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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3.13 Transportation
This section evaluates the potential impacts to transportation that could arise from implementation of the Proposed Plan. The analysis evaluates the possible impacts of the Proposed Plan on vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and determines if the Proposed Plan would conflict with adopted policies, plans, and programs regarding public transit and bicycle and pedestrian facilities, substantially increase hazards due to a design feature or incompatible uses, or result in inadequate emergency access.

Travel behavior within the last year has changed at a global level due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In Monterey and the surrounding areas, travel patterns (both amount and mode of trips) have changed significantly since the “shelter-in-place” order was issued on March 17, 2020, and subsequently modified. Unless otherwise noted, the existing conditions presented in this section, such as roadway volumes and transit schedules, are based on data collection or observations prior to the start of the pandemic. The impact analysis presented in this section is generally based on the assumption that long-term travel behavior characteristics would be similar to conditions prior to the start of the pandemic, because, at present, the medium- or long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel behavior are uncertain and it would be speculative to estimate any potential long-term or permanent changes.

There were multiple comments on the Notice of Preparation related to transportation. The Transportation Agency for Monterey County (TAMC) expressed their support for the development of a detailed Traffic Impact Analysis and the General Plan’s proposed Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategies. TAMC recommended considering the inclusion of policies that support the maximum use of the Monterey Coast Trail, a description of intended future uses of the Monterey Branch Line, a discussion of free transit service, and proposed Fort Ord Regional Train and Greenway. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) submitted a comment letter with multiple comments regarding the transportation impacts, sorted by topic areas of Traffic Impact Studies, Complete Streets and Mobility Network, Land Use and Smart Growth, Right-ofWay, and Climate Adaption. In addition, LandWatch cited a letter that asserts that residential development on the Former Fort Ord would likely cause significant transportation impacts in the form of vehicle miles travelled well above the regional average. One public commenter also hoped to see increased multi-modal transportation with the increased density. These comments are addressed in the following Environmental Setting and Impact Analysis.

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Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
Circulation Network
The City of Monterey is responsible for planning, constructing, and maintaining roadways in the Planning Area.

California State Highway System
The California State highway system is a network of highways that are owned and maintained by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). State highways that pass through Monterey include California State Route 1 (Highway 1), a north-south highway that runs through the center of Monterey, as well as California State Route 68 (Highway 68), an east-west highway that serves as a major route between Salinas and Monterey Peninsula. State Route 218 (SR 218) also connects Highway 1 and Highway 68 in Monterey County. SR 218 takes an approach north of Monterey Regional Airport via the cities of Seaside and Del Rey Oaks.

City of Monterey Circulation Network
City of Monterey’s circulation network includes over 222 lane miles of roadway. The majority of the lane-miles serve as access for local access to residences, of note are the City’s major thoroughfares. Major thoroughfares are roadways which carry through traffic and provide a network connecting to the state highway system. The City’s major thoroughfares complement the Transportation Agency for Monterey County’s Congestion Management Plan identified routes as listed:
• Foam Street, from Lighthouse Avenue to City Limit
• Lighthouse Avenue, from Washington Street to City Limit • Del Monte Avenue, from Washington Street to City Limit • Fremont Street, from Camino Aguajito to Abrego Street • North Fremont Street, from City Limit to Highway 68 (Monterey-Salinas Highway) • Munras Avenue/Abrego Street, from Fremont Street to Via Zaragoza, from Fremont Street to Via Zaragoza
Truck Routes
Truck routes include a highway, or portion of a highway, or a series of connected highways, on which heavy trucks may be present and travel at any and all times. Table 3.13-1 and Figure 3.13-1 identify truck routes in the Planning Area.

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Table 3.13-1: Truck Routes
Street Limits
Abrego Street Eldorado Street to Pearl Street/Washington Street Aguajito Road Fremont Street to Mark Thomas Drive/Highway 1 NB Exit Ramp Camino El Estero Del Monte Avenue to Franklin Street
David Avenue Wave Street to Devisadero Street (West City Limit) Del Monte Avenue Pacific Street to East City Limit
English Avenue Del Monte Avenue to Highway 1 NB Exit Ramp Figuero Street Franklin Street to Commercial Wharf II
Foam Street Lighthouse Avenue to David Avenue
Franklin Street Pacific Street to Camino El Estero
Freemont Street Highway 1/Aguajito Road to Abrego Street Hannon Avenue Del Monte Avenue to Highway 1 SB Entrance Ramp Lighthouse Avenue Washington/Del Monte Avenue to North City Limit Munras Avenue Eldorado Street/Abrego Street to Highway 1 SB Ramps North Freemont Street Highway 1 to East City Limit
Olmsted Drive Monterey/Salinas Highway (SR68) to Monterey Peninsula Airport Entrance
Pacific Street Lighthouse Avenue to Franklin Street
Soledad Drive Munras Avenue to Highway 1 NB Entrance Ramp Tyler Street Lighthouse Avenue to Franklin Street
Washington Street Pearl Street/Abrego Street to Del Monte Avenue Source: City of Monterey, 2031 General Plan Update, Circulation Element, 2024.

Other Transportation Facilities
The Monterey Regional Airport terminal is located outside of the City of Monterey boundaries.

The airport is most frequently used for domestic travel and on occasion for military air-craft landings. The City of Monterey operates and manages a harbor and marina in Monterey Bay. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) operates a home port out of the Monterey harbor at the Breakwater USCG Pier.

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Figure 3.13-1: Designated Truck Routes
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Vehicle Miles Traveled
One performance measure used to quantify automobile travel is VMT, which refers to the amount of automobile travel attributable to a project as well as the distance traveled. In 2013, Governor Brown signed Senate Bill (SB) 743, which added Public Resources Code Section 21099 to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Public Resources Code Section 21099 changed the way transportation impacts are analyzed in transit priority areas, and aligns local environmental review methodologies with statewide objectives to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, encourage infill mixed-use development in designated priority development areas, reduce regional sprawl, and reduce VMT in California1.

Increased VMT leads to various direct and indirect impacts on the environment and human health.

Among other effects, increased VMT on the roadway network leads to increased emissions of air pollutants, including GHGs, and increased energy consumption. The transportation sector is associated with more GHG emissions than any other sector in California. As documented in the City’s Climate Action Plan, about 57 percent of the City’s GHG emissions are produced by local transportation. Reducing VMT is one of the most effective means for reducing the City’s GHG emissions.

VMT is typically an output from travel demand models. Its calculation is based on the estimated number of vehicles multiplied by the distance traveled by each vehicle. This analysis uses the following VMT metrics:
• Household VMT per capita, which measures all the VMT by motor vehicle on a typical weekday associated with a residential use, such as trips to work, school, or shop, and divides that VMT by the number of residents in the Planning Area. • Commute VMT per worker, which measures all of the worker commute VMT by a motor vehicle on a typical weekday between homes and workplaces and divides that VMT by the number of workers in the Planning Area.

Existing Transit System
Monterey-Salinas Transit (MST) is the principal transit service for the city and the surrounding communities. MST is a joint powers agency with a board of directors that includes a representative from the city. Thirteen MST routes currently serve the citizens of the community. Simoneau Plaza located in downtown Monterey is the transfer center for all routes serving the city. The MST Trolley is an example of a tourist serving transit line which promotes the City’s “Park Once” program encouraging visitors to park once and reduce high demand to the transportation network. Senior and disabled citizens can use the MST fixed-route and Direct Area Response Transit (DART). MST also operates the RIDES program for disabled citizens. These routes operate on weekdays and Saturdays from approximately 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM and from approximately 7:30 AM to 5:30 PM on Sundays and holidays.
1 State of California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research. CEQA Transportation Impacts (SB 743). Available:
https://opr.ca.gov/ceqa/sb-743/. Accessed: January 23, 2024.

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Existing Bicycle and Pedestrian System
According to Move Monterey, the Multimodal Plan for the City of Monterey,2 the City maintains an extensive network of bike paths, including 5.8 miles of Class 1, 15.9 miles of Class II, 0.95 miles of Class III, and 1.1 miles of Class IV bike paths. The most notable bicycle and pedestrian path is the Monterey Bay Coastal Recreation Trail (Recreation Trail) that is located along the Monterey Bay coastline. The Recreation Trail is a dual use facility that offers people destination opportunities, such as the restaurants or retail stores along Cannery Row or Fisherman’s Wharf, or one of many parks for relaxing or wildlife viewing and sightseeing. Another Class I facility is the Munras Avenue Path, which runs from El Dorado Street to the Del Monte Shopping Center and provides an important pedestrian connection between major commercial areas and schools and provides access to the State Historic Park.

In addition, Monterey has several types of infrastructure that form the pedestrian network.

Sidewalks exist throughout most of the City; however, there are some neighborhoods with gaps in the sidewalk. No comprehensive inventory of sidewalks or pedestrian crossing exists. In addition to the Citywide Wayfinding Sign Program, there are some other pedestrian wayfinding signs in the downtown area. Portola Plaza is currently a pedestrian–only facility that is used for seasonal events like the annual car show and ice–skating. Every Tuesday afternoon/ evening Alvarado Street is closed to vehicular traffic for the Downtown Farmers Market. This weekly event is very popular and has raised interest in the community to provide more permanent pedestrian–only streets in other parts of the city.3
Planned Transportation Network Changes
Several changes are planned for various transportation modes within and near the Planning Area as described below; these changes include projects planned by the City and/or other agencies, and are not related to the Proposed Plan; they would be implemented regardless of the Proposed Plan.

Changes with reasonably foreseeable approval and funding are assumed in the analysis of futureyear 2031 conditions. However, not all planned changes have final design plans, full approvals, and/or full funding. Planned changes for transportation modes are summarized below by primary travel category.

Planned Roadway Changes
Del Monte / Casa Verde / Recreation Trail Intersection Improvement Project – In summer 2018, the City of Monterey applied for Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) grant funding for the design and construction of intersection improvements at the intersection of Del Monte Avenue and Casa Verde Way, including the recreational trail crossing at Casa Verde Way. The City was awarded grant funding for the project, and the scope includes:
• Relocation of the Trail Crossing to the intersection, 2 City of Monterey. 2021. Move Monterey Multimodal Plan for the City of Monterey. Available:

Available; https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/Publications/CGS-Notes/CGS-Note-36.pdf. Accessed:

October 23, 2023.
3 Ibid.

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• Protected left turn phase,
• Realignment of crosswalks for a more direct crossing, • ADA improvements to crosswalks,
• Median improvements for pedestrian crosswalk, and
• Mountable splitter island at Casa Verde Way and Robertson Avenue to separate vehicular traffic and reduce U-turns.

Planned Bicycle Changes
New Bikeways – New bikeways, as shown in Figure 3.13-2, will connect to the existing bicycle network and future ridership patterns, consistent with future growth patterns described in the General Plan.

Planned Pedestrian Changes
Sidewalk Inventory – When the opportunity arises, given staffing restraints, the City would like to develop a comprehensive inventory of existing sidewalks and sidewalk gaps, which includes information such as approximate length and width of sidewalk.

Crosswalk Inventory – The City would like to develop a comprehensive inventory of existing marked crosswalks and features, which includes marked crosswalks, signalized/unsignalized crosswalks, and rectangular rapid flashing beacons (RRFB).

ADA Transition Plan – The City of Monterey has created an ADA Transition Plan in order to identify City programs, services and activities and provide recommendations on improvements including curb ramp improvements. As of May 2020, the City is working on ADA Improvements through Measure P/S, funding the reconstruction of over 131 curb ramps and the design of an additional 125 curb ramps.

REGULATORY SETTING
State
California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS)
Caltrans owns and operates three State highways in the area – Highway One, Highway 68 and Highway 218. Caltrans is proposing to improve traffic operations and reduce collisions with wildlife on an approximately nine-mile stretch of State Route 68 in Monterey County by modifying the design of nine intersections from Josselyn Canyon Road to San Benancio Road and by providing five new underground culverts for wildlife to use to cross under the highway. The proposed work would extend from highway post mile 4.8 to post mile 13.7 (west to east). Two build alternatives are being evaluated in the Project Approval and Environmental Document phase. Alternative 1 would convert nine intersections into roundabouts; eight would be converted into single-lane roundabouts, and one would be converted into a two-lane roundabout. Alternative 2 would include expanded signalized intersections with adaptive signal control technology and enhanced lane channelization to provide auxiliary through lanes and additional right and left turn lanes. Both alternatives would provide improved bicycle and pedestrian facilities and replacement lighting where necessary. Both alternatives would replace drainage facilities and utilities that would ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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necessitate relocation due to the intersection modifications. Temporary construction easements would be required for access to nearby properties for construction activities where necessary. This project is currently undergoing environmental review.

Senate Bill 743
SB 743 has changed the way transportation impact analysis is conducted as part of CEQA compliance. With these changes, automobile delay, level of service (LOS), and other similar measures of vehicular capacity or traffic congestion are no longer the basis for determining significant impacts under CEQA. According to SB 743, these changes are intended to “more appropriately balance the needs of congestion management with statewide goals related to infill development, promotion of public health through active transportation, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.” In December 2018, the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) completed an update to the CEQA Guidelines to implement the requirements of SB 743. The guidelines state that VMT must be the metric used to determine significant transportation impacts.

The guidelines require all lead agencies in California to use VMT-based thresholds of significance for transportation impact analysis in CEQA documents published after July 2020.

Regional
Transportation Agency for Monterey County
Transportation Agency for Monterey County (TAMC) is a countywide transportation-planning agency responsible for developing long range transportation plans, administering Measure X, a 3/8 cent sales tax in Monterey County dedicated to transportation, distributing local, State, and federal transportation grants, and administering several transportation projects and programs. TAMC is a 23-member agency which consists of local officials from each of its twelve incorporated cities and five county supervisorial districts, and ex-officio members from seven public agencies.

The TAMC also administers the Safe Routes to Schools (SR2S) Program, which the City of Monterey participates in. The program works to relieve traffic congestion around schools by promoting alternatives to commuting to school, such as walking, biking, taking the bus and carpooling. In addition, the program helps improve safety, promote a healthy lifestyle for youth, and enhance the sense of community in neighborhoods. It does this through classroom education, special events, infrastructure improvements, a crossing guard program, and other strategies.TAMC is currently working with Caltrans on a proposed project to convert the Highway 68 corridor from signalized intersections into roundabouts.

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Figure 3.13-2: Existing and Proposed Bicycle Network
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Local
Multimodal Plan for the City of Monterey
The City’s Multimodal Mobility Plan (Move Monterey) addresses the City’s needs to create a safe and effective pedestrian, bicycle, and transit network. The plan supports enhancements to and maintenance of an extensive network of sidewalks and Class I, II, III, and IV bicycle facilities as well as increases ADA access to pedestrian and transit facilities. In 2021, the City was able to update its Move Monterey Plan to include chapters that will help Monterey manage traffic and accommodate a variety of users. New chapters include Complete Streets, Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vision Zero, and Transportation Demand Management. Move Monterey includes strategies for new development to incorporate in order to create and maintain a safe and effective pedestrian, bicycle, and transit network.

Monterey City Code
Chapter 20 of the City Code is the City’s Motor Vehicles and Traffic Ordinance. The ordinance outlines regulations regarding administration and enforcement; operation of vehicles; pedestrians; stopping, standing, and parking; loading zones; parking meters; parking lots; and other special regulations. Chapter 33, Section 24 outlines street and arterial regulations for subdivisions. The street design of the subdivision shall relate to the pattern of thoroughfares designated in the General Plan and to any other existing or proposed street designs approved by the Planning Commission.

The street pattern of the subdivision shall provide for the most advantageous development of adjoining lots, the neighborhood, and the community; and shall be designed to carry the ultimate traffic of the subdivision and of any other lands it may serve. The street system shall be designed to retain and protect existing vegetation wherever possible; and shall be designed in harmony with the topography and natural landform.

Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Conflict with a program plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, and bicycle and pedestrian facilities.

Criterion 2: Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b).

Criterion 3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible land uses (e.g., farm equipment).

Criterion 4: Result in inadequate emergency access.

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METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
This section describes the methodology for VMT forecasts developed for this transportation assessment and as supporting data for other assessments in the CEQA document including the GHG assessment. The new CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b)(4) establishes that the lead agency has discretion to choose the most appropriate methodology to evaluate a project’s vehicle miles traveled, including whether to express the change in absolute terms, per capita, per household or in any other measure. A lead agency may use models to estimate a project’s vehicle miles traveled and may revise those estimates to reflect professional judgment based on substantial evidence.

Appendix H includes the VMT forecast methodology and impact assessment performed by Kimley-Horn for the Proposed Plan.

For the determination of transportation-related significant impacts, the following major land uses were analyzed:
• Residential
• Employment-based (Manufacturing and Mining, Construction, Finance and Real Estate, Service, Public, Agriculture, Wholesale, Education, Health) The most recent version of the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments Travel Demand Model (AMBAG RTDM) served as the primary tool for calculating VMT across all land uses. The AMBAG TDM has a base year of 2015 and a future year of 2045. Both were employed to assess the VMT impacts of the land uses across three specific analysis scenarios. The land uses were evaluated based on these scenarios:
• Baseline – 2015 land use in the incorporated and unincorporated areas of the County • 2031 No Project – 2031 land uses in the incorporated and unincorporated areas based on housing element (HE) update in the County, excluding the City of Monterey. • 2031 Proposed Plan – 2031 land uses in the incorporated and unincorporated areas based on housing element update, including the City of Monterey.

The analysis methodology used the transportation analytics platform Replica to establish the existing thresholds. Subsequently, the analysis results using the AMBAG RTDM as described above was used to evaluate future land use scenarios to adjust the Replica data to make impact determinations.

Vehicle Miles Traveled Threshold
CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3 requires that the determination of significance for transportation impacts be based on VMT instead of a congestion metric such as level of service (LOS). The change in the focus of transportation analysis is the result of SB 743. OPR’s Technical Advisory provides recommendations for implementing Section 15064.3 of the CEQA Guidelines related to VMT. OPR recommends that if a project does not achieve a level of 15 percent or more below regional or citywide VMT, it may indicate a significant transportation impact. Based on these criteria, the City of Monterey has adopted the following VMT thresholds of significance:
• Residential: 15 percent below existing county-wide average VMT per capita • Employment: 15 percent below existing county-wide average Work VMT per employee ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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Transportation Demand Management
The Proposed Plan includes several Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies which would incentivize the use of alternatives to vehicle trips and reduce VMT. These include proposed Land Use and Housing Element policies and programs which promote infill intensification and Circulation Element policies which would promote non-motorized transportation and proactively manage parking demand. Relevant Proposed Plan policies and programs are listed below.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Plan contains the following goals and policies relevant to transportation. The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix B for reference:

Circulation Element
Goal A: A transportation network that is complemented by land uses that are easily accessible by walking, bicycling, and utilizing transit.

Policy A.2: Continue to use land-use policies to concentrate development within walking distance of the transit system.

Policy A.3: Encourage transit/pedestrian oriented (TOD/POD) designs in mixed-use neighborhoods.

Policy A.4: Update the parking and transportation fund, which is used to fund transportation improvement projects and non-infrastructure programs as outlined in the City’s multimodal plan.

Policy A.10: Require proposed developments to provide ADA improvements, sidewalks or pedestrian connections, bicycle facilities, or transit facilities which would provide active transportation access to the development.

Goal B: A safe and well-maintained roadway system that efficiently moves people and goods across all modes of transportation.

Policy B.1: Create and maintain a roadway system of “Complete Streets” that is safe and easy to use for all modes of transportation.

Policy B.3: Prioritize infrastructure projects which optimize the existing street network before investing in costly roadway and parking expansion projects.

Policy B.4: Prioritize bicycle and pedestrian mobility improvements over vehicle convenience.

Policy B.7: Encourage the implementation of transportation projects that optimize the traffic operations along the arterial street network.

Goal C: A safe, reliable, connected and integrated bicycle transportation network that encourages bicycling as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees, and visitors.

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Policy C.2: Increased bicycle connectivity between neighborhoods and major city and regional destinations.

Policy C.3: Maintain designated bicycle routes as attractive and safe transportation facilities to provide viable alternatives to automobile travel.

Policy C.5: Identify commuter routes, which provide more direct bicycle connections for residents and visitors.

Policy C.6: Establish and maintain a current list of bicycle improvement projects in the City’s multimodal plan to create a connected bicycle transportation network.

Policy C.8: Support implementation of regional active transportation networks, such as the Fort Ord Regional Trail and Greenway (FORTAG) and Monterey Bay Sanctuary Scenic Trail (MBSST), which connect pedestrians and bicyclists from Monterey to the greater Monterey Bay Area.

Policy C.9: Require development projects to provide on-site facilities such as bicycle parking, storage and showers, provide connections to existing and future planned facilities, dedicate land to expand existing facilities or provide new facilities such as sidewalks/multi-use paths and/or bicycle lanes, or contribute to the cost of improvements. Ensure that projects are designed and/or retrofitted to be efficiently served by buses, bike routes and pedestrian connections.

Goal D: A safe, accessible connected integrated pedestrian transportation network that encourages walking as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees, and visitors.

Policy D.3: Increase pedestrian connectivity between neighborhoods and major city and regional destinations.

Policy D.4: Establish and maintain a current list of pedestrian improvement projects in the City’s multimodal plan to create a continuous pedestrian network throughout the City.

Policy D.6: Continue to identify and prioritize projects which would improve accessibility for all pedestrians, such as ADA ramps, audible pedestrian signals, sidewalk widenings or any other transportation infrastructure improvement that could improve accessibility.

Policy D.7: Require that development projects provide internal pedestrian connections and linkages to adjacent public streets, neighborhoods and community facilities. Ensure that projects are designed and/or retrofitted to be efficiently served by buses, bike routes and pedestrian connections.

Goal E: An integrated multi-modal transportation network that supports and encourages transit use, including Bus, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and Rail.

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Policy E.2: Encourage use of the MST Trolley service to connect visitors between Downtown Monterey and Cannery Row.

Policy E.3: Coordinate with Monterey-Salinas Transit (MST) on changes to the local transit service.

Policy E.4: Install transit priority system, where feasible, in collaboration with MST.

Policy E.5: Collaborate with MST and area jurisdictions to improve access to transit.

Policy E.6: Collaborate with MST to provide attractive amenities at transit stops in the City.

Policy E.7: Protect the potential for future rail transportation by supporting the efforts of the Transportation Agency for Monterey County (TAMC) to provide additional passenger rail service.

Policy E.8: Require development projects to enhance access to transit. Ensure that projects are designed and/or retrofitted to be efficiently served by buses, bike routes and pedestrians connections.

Goal G: Parking that efficiently utilizes existing facilities and encourages a reduction in auto travel.

Policy G.2: Implement a demand-based pricing structure for public parking.

Policy G.8: Incorporate bicycle parking in parking lots and garages for both public and private development.

Goal H: A transportation network supported by projects and programs that work towards zero collisions involving serious or fatal injuries.

Policy H.2: Prioritize transportation improvements that enhance pedestrian and bicycle safety.

Goal J: A transportation network that is more efficient through the use of demand management and intelligent transportation technology.

Policy J.2: Reduce existing demand before considering roadway expansion or parking expansion.

Policy J.3: Encourage the use of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies to address vehicle congestion and parking demand by implementing strategies such as: telecommuting, travel mode changes, reducing trips taken, re-routing trips, and re-timing when trips are taken.

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Policy J.4: Establish a list of recommended programs and strategies for implementing TDM in the City’s multimodal plan to address vehicle congestion, vehicle miles traveled mitigation and parking demand.

Land Use Element
Goal A: Establish a compact, sustainable land use and development pattern with boundaries defined by the Santa Lucia Mountains and the Monterey Bay.

Policy A.1: Foster an integrated mix of employment, housing, educational, visitor-oriented, entertainment, recreational and open space uses throughout the city to support a complete community.

Policy A.2: Balance levels of employment and housing within the community to reduce commute times, improve air quality, and provide more opportunities for those who work in Monterey to live locally.

Policy A.4: Focus new development primarily in commercial districts and mixed use neighborhoods so as to support the vitality of existing businesses, optimize the use of utility infrastructure, and reduce vehicle trip frequency, length, and associated emissions.

Policy A.8: Reinforce the visual, pedestrian, and bicycle connection between City neighborhoods and the Bay so that residents have exceptional non-automobile access to the Bay.

Goal B: Create and nurture a series of distinctive, walkable, mixed use neighborhoods in Monterey.

Policy B.1: Develop and implement specific plans and zoning to guide development in the mixed use neighborhoods, recognizing that each mixed use neighborhood is unique and requires tailored development and design standards, multi-modal improvements, and infrastructure financing strategies.

Policy B.5: Create an attractive, safe environment for bicycles and pedestrians that promotes "micro-mobility" and connectivity to and within the mixed use neighborhoods.

Policy B.6: Encourage site designs that create an active street frontage and screen parking from the frontages of major thoroughfares.

Housing Element
Housing Goal #1. Increase housing supply and facilitate production of at least 3,654 new homes by 2031.

Policy 1.2 Promote infill development in adopted Specific Plan areas where high density residential development can be accommodated in proximity to employment, shopping, transit, recreation, and other services.

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Program 1-B Multi-Family Residential Overlay Amendments.

Program 1-C Specific Plan Updates.

Program 1-H Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch Specific Plan.

Program 1-I Highway 68 Area Plan Update.

Program 1-J SB 9 Housing Ordinance.

Program 1-K Employer Sponsored Housing.

Housing Goal #2. Remove or reduce barriers to housing production in Monterey and address the regulatory, process, and market factors that limit and adversely affect affordability. .

Policy 2.3 Develop zoning standards to encourage smaller multi-unit housing types including fourplexes, townhouses, and rowhouses.

Policy 2.4 Reduce constraints to the development of Accessory Dwelling Units.

Program 2-E Revise Parking Requirements.

IMPACTS
Impact 3.13-1 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, and bicycle and pedestrian facilities (Less than Significant)
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, and bicycle pedestrian facilities. New residential and non-residential development under the Proposed Plan would typically be expected to result in additional vehicular trips and the increased use of streets for all modes of transportation. Applicable local regulations and plans related to transportation include the City’s Multimodal Mobility Plan (Move Monterey) and MontereySalinas Transit (MST)'s 2022-25 Goals, Objectives and Action Plan.

Move Monterey
Adopted in 2021, Move Monterey addresses the City’s needs to create a safe and effective transportation network for all modes of transportation, including transit, bicycling, and walking.

Move Monterey includes strategies that seek to integrate land use and transportation in order to facilitate walking, bicycling, and transit use; enhance safety for bicyclists and pedestrians; and incorporate new technology and standards for bicycle and pedestrian circulation. Proposed Plan policies and programs broadly support implementation of these strategies, as shown in Table 3.13-

4. Specifically, the proposed Housing Element Program 1-C calls for the updating specific plans with the intention of integrating new high-density housing with good access to transit, among other ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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services. Additionally, the Land Use Element Policy B.1 seeks to develop and implement specific plans and zoning to guide development in neighborhoods and incorporate tailored development and design standards and multi-modal improvements to the specific neighborhood. Lastly, the Circulation Element emphasizes transit-oriented designs in mixed-use neighborhoods (Policy a.3), while accomplishing the goal of a transportation network that is complemented by land uses that are easily accessible by walking, bicycling, or utilizing transit (Goal A).

The proposed Circulation Element sets out a list of guidelines and considerations for Complete Streets in the City’s multimodal plan, which would maximize safety through design (Policy b.6), aligning with Move Monterey’s strategy to examine projects impact on safety for pedestrians and bicyclists. Further, the proposed Circulation Element also requires development projects to provide on-site facilities such a bicycle parking and showers, to dedicate land to expand existing facilities or provide new facilities such as sidewalks/multi-use paths and/or bicycle lanes, and to ensure projects are designed to be efficiently served by bike routes and pedestrian connections (Policy c.9). This policy supports Move Monterey’s strategy to look for opportunities to incorporate safety and access improvements for pedestrian and bicyclists in development projects.

As a result, the Proposed Plan would not conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, particularly bicycle and pedestrian facilities, and the impact would be less than significant.

Table 3.13-2: Consistency with Move Monterey Strategies for New Development Strategies for New Development Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies Integrate land use and circulation
elements in Specific Plans to
support walkable, bikeable, transitoriented neighborhoods (highdensity, mixed-use, active transportation).

Circulation Element (CE) Goal A: A transportation
network that is complemented by land uses that are easily accessible by walking, bicycling, or utilizing transit.

CE Policy A.3 Encourage transit/pedestrian oriented
(TOD/POD) designs in mixed-use neighborhoods.

CE Goal C A safe, reliable, connected and integrated bicycle transportation network that encourages bicycling as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors CE Goal D A safe, accessible, connected and integrated
pedestrian transportation network that encourages walking as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

CE Goal E An integrated multi-modal transportation
network that supports and encourages transit use, including Bus, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and Rail.

Land Use Element B.1 Develop and implement specific
plans and zoning to guide development in the mixed-use
neighborhoods, recognizing that each mixed use neighborhood is unique and requires tailored development and design
standards, multi-modal improvements, and infrastructure financing strategies.

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Table 3.13-2: Consistency with Move Monterey Strategies for New Development Strategies for New Development Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies Housing Element (HE) Policy 1.2 Promote infill
development in adopted Specific Plan areas where high density residential development can be accommodated in proximity to employment, shopping, transit, recreation, and other services.

The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix B for reference.

HE Program 1-C Specific Plan Updates
HE Program 1-H Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch Specific Plan
HE Program I-1 Highway 68 Area Plan Update
Include Vision Zero goal in near
term and long-term planning
documents.

Circulation Element Goal H. A transportation network
supported by projects and programs that work towards zero collisions involving serious or fatal injuries.

CE Policy h.1: Prioritize safety over congestion.

CE Policy h.2: Prioritize transportation improvements that enhance pedestrian and bicycle safety.

CE Policy h.3: Prioritize transportation projects at locations which have been identified as high collision
intersections/segments.

CE Policy h.4: Minimize and/or eliminate mid-block median openings and direct driveway access for individual properties along other principal and minor arterial streets.

CE Policy h.5: Monitor collision rates and trends to identify transportation safety improvements.

CE Policy h.6: Incorporate the five E’s of safety (Education, Engineering, Enforcement, Emergency Response, and Emerging Technology) when addressing safety concerns.

CE Policy h.7: Identify grant funding opportunities for engineering projects, emergency response, enforcement and safety programs.

CE Policy h.8: Collaborate with Monterey Peninsula Unified School District (MPUSD), Monterey Fire Department (MFD) and Monterey Police Department (MPD) on education and
enforcement programs, including promoting “Safe Routes to School” Programs.

Examine development projects to
determine impact on safety and
access for pedestrians and bicyclists.

Circulation Element Goal B. A safe and well-maintained
roadway system that efficiently moves people and goods
across all modes of transportation.

CE Policy b.6: Establish a list of guidelines and considerations for Complete Streets in the City’s multimodal plan, maximizing safety through design.

CE Goal D. A safe, accessible, connected and integrated pedestrian transportation network that encourages walking as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

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Table 3.13-2: Consistency with Move Monterey Strategies for New Development Strategies for New Development Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies CE Policy d.2: Design intersections to improve pedestrian safety and mobility.

Circulation Element Goal H. A transportation network
supported by projects and programs that work towards zero collisions involving serious or fatal injuries.

CE Policy h.1: Prioritize safety over congestion.

CE Policy h.2: Prioritize transportation improvements that enhance pedestrian and bicycle safety.

CE Policy h.6: Incorporate the five E’s of safety (Education, Engineering, Enforcement, Emergency Response, and Emerging Technology) when addressing safety concerns.

Look for opportunities to
incorporate safety and access
improvements for pedestrian and
bicyclists in development projects.

Circulation Element Goal B. A safe and well-maintained
roadway system that efficiently moves people and goods
across all modes of transportation.

CE Policy b.6: Establish a list of guidelines and considerations for Complete Streets in the City’s multimodal plan, maximizing safety through design.

Circulation Element Goal C. A safe, reliable, connected and integrated bicycle transportation network that encourages bicycling as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

CE Policy c.9 Require development projects to provide onsite facilities such as bicycle parking, storage and showers, provide connections to existing and future planned facilities, dedicate land to expand existing facilities or provide new facilities such as sidewalks/multi-use paths and/or bicycle lanes, or contribute to the cost of improvements. Ensure that
projects are designed and/or retrofitted to be efficiently served by buses, bike routes and pedestrian connections.

CE Goal D. A safe, accessible, connected and integrated pedestrian transportation network that encourages walking as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

CE Policy d.2: Design intersections to improve pedestrian safety and mobility.

CE Policy d.7: Require that development projects provide internal pedestrian connections and linkages to adjacent public streets, neighborhoods and community facilities. Ensure that projects are designed and/or retrofitted to be efficiently served by buses, bike routes and pedestrians connections.

Circulation Element Goal H. A transportation network
supported by projects and programs that work towards zero collisions involving serious or fatal injuries.

CE Policy h.1: Prioritize safety over congestion.

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Table 3.13-2: Consistency with Move Monterey Strategies for New Development Strategies for New Development Incorporation into Proposed Plan Policies CE Policy h.2: Prioritize transportation improvements that enhance pedestrian and bicycle safety.

CE Policy h.6: Incorporate the five E’s of safety (Education, Engineering, Enforcement, Emergency Response, and Emerging Technology) when addressing safety concerns.

Update plans and guidelines for bike
and pedestrian circulation as new
technology and standards become
available.

Circulation Element Goal C A safe, reliable, connected
and integrated bicycle transportation network that encourages bicycling as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

CE Policy c.6: Establish and maintain a current list of bicycle improvement projects in the City’s multimodal plan to create a connected bicycle transportation network.

CE Goal D A safe, accessible, connected and integrated
pedestrian transportation network that encourages walking as a primary mode of transportation for residents, employees and visitors.

CE Policy d.6: Continue to identify and prioritize projects which would improve accessibility for all pedestrians, such as ADA ramps, audible pedestrian signals, sidewalk widenings or any other transportation infrastructure improvement that could improve accessibility.

Source: Move Monterey, City of Monterey, 2021; Dyett & Bhatia, 2024.

Monterey-Salinas Transit 2022-25 Goals, Objectives and Action Plan MST's 2022-25 Action Plan is organized around seven key goals that focus on fiscal stability; quality transit and mobility service; effective management practices; environmental sustainability, public education, organizational values, and industry leadership. The Proposed Plan would not conflict with these goals and in particular would support MST’s 2022-25 Action Plan Goal #2, which involves developing and implementing services, infrastructure, and technologies to meet and exceed community expectations; exploring and implementing new technologies and practices; and attracting and retaining customers. The Proposed Plan incorporates strategies to promote the development of mixed use villages and transit-oriented development within the City limit, including proposed Land Use Element policies A.1, A.2, and A.4, as well as policies involving coordination with MST to support transit use, including Circulation Element policies E.3, E.5, E. 6, and E.7. Therefore, overall implementation of the Proposed Plan would support the delivery of frequent, reliable transit and help attract new and retain existing MST riders. Implementation of the Proposed Plan housing sites inventory would increase the number and proportion of housing units in the more walkable areas of Monterey within a half mile of Downtown, Lighthouse and Del Monte opportunity areas, that serve as transit corridors within the city. As a result, future development consistent with the Proposed Plan would not conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. Therefore, implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in a less than significant impact related to conflicts with programs, plans, ordinances, or policies addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, and bicycle and pedestrian facilities.

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Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.13-2 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b). (Significant and Unavoidable)
Table 3.13-5 summarizes the results of the VMT evaluation across the analysis scenarios in relation to the City of Monterey’s adopted VMT thresholds. As shown, while residential land uses would not exceed the established threshold of significance for either the No Project or the Proposed Plan in 2031, employment-based VMT would exceed the established threshold for both scenarios.

However, these modeling results do not fully account for the beneficial effects of Proposed Plan policies that would reduce VMT associated with new development under the Proposed Plan.

Table 3.13-3: Planning Area VMT Metrics
Jurisdiction No Project Proposed Plan
VMT/Capita VMT/Employee VMT/Capita VMT/Employee
Baseline 16.8 22.2 16.8 22.2
Threshold (15 percent below
baseline) 14.3 18.9 14.3 18.9
City of Monterey (2031) 12.9 24.4 11.6 24.5
Over Threshold? No Yes No Yes
Notes:

1. items in bold indicate exceedance of thresholds of significance.

Source: Kimley-Horn, Appendix H Transportation VMT and Evacuation Assessment, 2023.

The California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) has prepared a Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (December 2021) intended to quantify the effect of GHG and VMT reduction practices for local governments, communities, and private developers. Numerous Proposed Plan policies reflect VMT reduction practices recommended by CAPCOA, and therefore implementation of the Proposed Plan would put into action multiple recommended CAPCOA strategies, resulting in additional reduction in VMT from new development under the Proposed Plan. Relevant CAPCOA strategies and anticipated effectiveness are shown in Table 3.13-6 and the resulting VMT after accounting for the effectiveness of Proposed Plan policies is discussed below.

The VMT mitigation potential of CAPCOA strategies is typically assessed at the project level, therefore the anticipated effectiveness levels shown on Table 3.13-6 cannot be applied to the total residential or employment-based VMT projected for the Proposed Plan. However, as indicated on Table 3.13-6, implementation of proposed Housing Element Programs 1-C, which involves offering municipal shared parking agreements to projects that propose a minimum number of new housing units in proximity to a City-owned parking lot or structure, and 2-E, which involves reduce the minimum requirements for projects located within one half mile of public transit, would further reduce the already less than significant residential
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Table 3.13-4: CAPCOA Mitigation Measures to Reduce VMT
Mitigation Measure Type of Actions Proposed Plan
Policies/Programs1
VMT Mitigation
Potential
Residential Measures
Parking
demand
management
strategies
Limit residential parking supply HE Programs 1-C and
2-E ≤ 2.3%
Employment Measures
Employerbased TDM
Strategies
Provide end-of-trip bicycle facilities CE Policy A.10, C.9, ≤ 0.9% Nonmotorized
transportation
incentives
Provide pedestrian network
improvement
CE Policies B.4, D.3,
D.4, D.6, ≤ 0.25%
Construct or improve bike facility CE Policies C.2, C.3, C.5, C.6, C.8 ≤ 0.1%
Construct or improve bike boulevard CE Policies C.2, C.3, C.5, C.6, C.8 ≤ 0.02%
Transit Service
Enhancements
Implement transit-supportive roadway
treatments CE Policy B.1 ≤ 0.17%
Notes:

1. HE = Housing Element; LU = Land Use Element; CE = Circulation Element Source: CAPCOA, 2021; Dyett and Bhatia, 2023.

VMT the Proposed Plan. Additionally, the following proposed Circulation Element policies would help to reduce employment-based VMT when implemented by non-residential developments subsequent to the Proposed Plan: Policies a.10 and c.9 would require proposed projects to provide bicycle facilities, bicycle parking, storage and showers, or contribute to the cost of improvements, thereby providing end-of-trip bicycle facilities; Policy d.3, under which the City would increase pedestrian connectivity between neighborhoods and major city and regional destinations, and Policies d.4 and d.5 under which the City would prioritize ADA ramps, audible pedestrian signals, sidewalk widenings, and other infrastructure, would provide pedestrian network improvements; Policies c.2, c.3, c.5, c.6 and c.8, under which the City would plan and construct new bicycle facilities and improve bicycle connectivity; Policies c.3, c.5, and c.6 would facilitate construction of new or improvement of existing bicycle boulevards; and Policy b.1, under which the City would create and maintain a system of complete streets, would result in transit-supportive roadway treatments.

However, given that VMT/employee in 2031 under the Proposed Plan would exceed the threshold by nearly 30 percent, even after accounting for the VMT mitigation potential of Proposed Plan policies, work VMT per employee would still exceed the established threshold in 2031. Therefore, Mitigation Measure VMT-1, under which the City would implement a Commute Trip Reduction Program applicable to businesses that employ 50 or more people in Monterey, is required.

Although the implementation of Mitigation Measure VMT-1 can be expected to reduce work VMT per employee once implemented, the precise mix of incentives offered by employers cannot be known at this time. Therefore, this EIR conservatively assumes that the VMT reduction due to ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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implementation of these strategies would not be adequate to reduce the impact to a less than significant level. Accordingly, even after implementation of all feasible mitigation, this impact would remain significant and unavoidable.

Mitigation Measures
MM-VMT-1: Implement Commute Trip Reduction Program. Within one year of adoption of the Proposed Plan, the City shall adopt an Employee Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Program that establishes requirements for businesses employing 50 or more people in the City of Monterey to offer incentives and resources aimed at reducing the number and length of drive-alone commutes to worksite(s). The CTR Program shall identify a range/menu of actions that employers may use to incentivize alternatives to single occupant vehicle commute trips, such as:
• Offering free or subsidized transit passes;
• Providing secure bike storage and lockers to encourage bicycle commuting; • Allowing employees to work from home some or all of the time; • Offering vouchers, cash, or paid time-off incentives to employees who carpool, bike or walk to work;
• Providing priority parking for carpools and vanpools.

Significance After Mitigation: Significant and unavoidable.

Impact 3.13-3 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible land uses (e.g., farm equipment) (Less than Significant)
The Circulation Element of the Proposed Plan includes goals b, c, and d to improve the overall safety of the transportation network as well as the safety for non-automobile travel modes.

Implementation of the Proposed Plan would involve construction of new developments and new transportation facilities, as well as modifications to existing transportation facilities. Since the Proposed Plan is a program-level plan, the design elements of individual future developments and new transportation facilities are not known. However, all future public and private improvement projects and transportation facilities would be subject to additional review and approval to ensure safety. Chapter 33 of the City Code outlines street and arterial regulations for subdivisions.

Intersections shall be designed to provide the greatest safety for both pedestrians and motorists.

Street patterns shall be designed to best serve the traffic needs and land uses of the area and the community, both in function and arrangement. The street system shall be designed to retain and protect existing vegetation wherever possible; and shall be designed in harmony with the topography and natural landform. Further, Circulation Element Proposed Policy b.6 requires implementation of Complete Streets principles as well as maximization of safety through design.

Through the design and engineering review process, City staff and other potential jurisdiction staff will evaluate development proposals as well as modifications to the existing transportation facilities and new proposed facilities to ensure public health and safety by ensuring adequate and safe sidewalks or crosswalks, dedicated and protected bicycle facilities, realigning sharp curves, prohibiting certain movements, signalizing intersections, and improving sight distance, among ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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other measures. All new streets and redesign of existing streets will be completed according to applicable federal, State, and local design standards, such as the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the California Highway Design Manual. Furthermore, most new transportation facilities and redesign of existing facilities in the Proposed Plan are aimed at improving conditions for various modes. Proposed Circulation Element policies d.1, d.2, d.3, and d.7 would enhance the pedestrian network, proposed policies c.2 and c.4 would increase bicycle connectivity within the Planning Area and prioritize connections to Monterey Peninsula Recreational Trail, and proposed Policy e.8 requires development projects to enhance access to transit. Considering that the Proposed Plan would not substantially increase hazards due to design features and that it would be compatible with existing uses in the area, impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.13-4 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not result in inadequate emergency access. (Less than Significant)
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in inadequate emergency access. Implementation of the Proposed Plan would likely involve the construction of new streets and roadways within the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area and the 50-acre MPUSD site. Although the new streets or the modifications to the existing streets have not yet been planned, design would be required to comply with adopted roadway design standards and applicable provisions of the City Code, including regulations related to accommodating emergency vehicles. All through streets would provide adequate space for other vehicles to pull over and allow emergency vehicles to pass without blocking the streets since California law requires drivers to yield the right-of-way to emergency vehicles and remain stopped until the emergency vehicle passes. Proposed Plan policies minimize cul-de-sacs and allow existing and future developments to be accessed from at least two routes. Therefore, if one route is inaccessible, emergency vehicles could use another route to access a building. Thus, emergency vehicles would continue to use the existing streets as well as new streets to access all areas within the Planning Area.

In addition, the Proposed Plan is a program-level plan that does not directly address project-level components that will be required to provide adequate emergency access. City staff, including emergency responders, review all development applications to ensure that applicable requirements are met, including provisions for adequate access for emergency responders and response vehicles, consistent with the Fire Code.

Considering the Proposed Plan’s accommodation of emergency vehicles in existing and future streets, and the established procedures for reviewing project-level emergency access needs, impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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3.14 Utilities and Service Systems
This section assesses potential environmental impacts from future development under the Proposed Plan as related to public utilities, including water, wastewater, and stormwater systems, and solid waste services. This section describes existing water, wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste infrastructure and services in the Planning Area, as well as relevant federal, State, and local regulations and programs.

Four responses to the Notice of Preparation (NOP) were received regarding topics addressed in this section including comments related to the availability of water to serve future need, future plans for a desalination project, and capacity for water likely to be produced with buildout of the Proposed Plan. These comments are addressed in the Impact Analysis below.

Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
Water System
Most of the Planning Area is serviced by the California-American Water Company (Cal-Am); however, about 126.8 acres of land at Fort Ord is within the Marina Coast Water District (MCWD) future study area as shown on Figure 3.14-1.

California American Water Company
Service Area
Potable water for most of the City of Monterey is supplied by Cal-Am, a privately-owned utility that is regulated by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). Cal-Am’s Central Division services the Monterey County District, which includes the Monterey Main System and six satellite systems. The Monterey Main system is composed of the Monterey Main System, and the Ryan Ranch and Bishop Systems. Cal Am is working to complete an interconnection between the Monterey Main System and the Hidden Hills System. The Monterey County District supplies water service to most of the Monterey Peninsula, including the cities of Carmel-by-the-Sea, Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Sand City, Seaside, and the unincorporated areas of Carmel Highlands, Carmel
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P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
NSA
Monterey
Navy School
Annex
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icDr
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
Monterey
City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
Water Purveyor
California American Water Company
Marina Coast Water District
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.14-1: Water Service Areas
µ
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Valley, the Presidio of Monterey, and Pebble Beach.1 The Monterey Main system encompasses 33,950 acres and serves an estimated 91,717 people, according to the DWR (Department of Water Resources) population tool. Potable water use is regulated by the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD).2
Current and Planned Sources of Supply
The current sources of supply for the Monterey Main System include groundwater, recycled water, desalinated water, and diversions of flow from the Carmel River under Permit 21330 issued by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). These various sources are described in detail below. The Monterey service area does not currently utilize surface water supplies. Additional future sources of supply included plans to purchase additional recycled water anticipated to become available as a result of the Pure Water Monterey Expansion Project and additional supply from the planned Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP) Ocean Desalination Plant, also described below. Groundwater from the Carmel River Aquifer and the Seaside Groundwater Basin provided approximately 64 percent of the system’s water supply in the baseline window of 2018 through 2022. As the Pure Water Monterey Expansion and Ocean Desalination Plant projects are completed, it is anticipated that the share of water sourced from groundwater will decrease to 25 percent.

CARMEL RIVER AQUIFER
The Carmel Valley Aquifer is located along the Carmel River, southeast of the Monterey Peninsula.

The Monterey Main system’s service area overlies the Carmel Valley Aquifer, which is comprised of the alluvial deposits that form the valley floor underlying the Carmel River. The aquifer is identified as a high-priority basin and withdrawals are regulated through the SWRCB. The Monterey Main System pumps from both the Upper and Lower Carmel River Aquifer. State Board Order 95-10 has placed seasonal limits on the allowable production from the wells in the Upper Carmel Valley Aquifer. The wells are operated in the winter months (November through April) and when the Carmel River flows exceed 40 cubic feet per second (cfs). If the river flow at the Don Juan Bridge is less than 20 cfs for more than 5 consecutive days, a “low flow period” is triggered and the upper valley wells cannot be used. The wells in the Upper Carmel River Aquifer are of good quality and discharge directly into the distribution system with disinfection at the wellhead. The wells in the Lower Carmel River Aquifer do not have seasonal production limits. The wells pump into a raw water transmission main, which transfers groundwater to the Begonia Iron Removal Plant (BIRP) for treatment and removal of iron and manganese before being pumped into the distribution system. Cal-Am extractions from the Carmel Valley Aquifer have decreased steadily for the past five years. Future supply from this source is limited to 3,376 acre-feet per year (AFY) as authorized by the SWRCB.
1 California-American Water Company, 2023. Water Supply Assessment for the City of Monterey. Accessed: January 9, 2024.
2 Monterey Peninsula Water Management District, 2023. About MPWMD. Available: https://www.mpwmd.net/whowe-are/about-mpwmd/. Accessed: September 13, 2023.

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SEASIDE GROUNDWATER BASIN
The Seaside Groundwater Basin (SGWB) overlies and is a subbasin to the Salinas Groundwater Basin, made up of eight subbasins that span Monterey County and northern San Luis Obispo County. The Monterey and Laguna Seca Systems are located within and utilize water from the Seaside Area Subbasin of the Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin. The Seaside Area Subbasin is bounded by the 180/400 Foot Aquifer subbasin to the north, the Corral de Tierra sub-basin to the south and east, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. The total surface area of the aquifer covers approximately 19 square miles. The southern boundary of the Seaside Groundwater Basin follows the Chupines fault, a relatively impermeable formation uplifted to near sea level. The western boundary of the basin extends to the shoreline. The eastern boundary of the basin is defined by the flow divide in the Paso Robles aquifer, which approximately coincides with surface drainage between the Canyon del Rey and El Toro Creek watersheds. Finally, the northern boundary of the basin also follows a groundwater flow divide from the Salinas Valley groundwater basin.

Historically, seawater intrusion had not been observed in existing monitoring and production wells in the Seaside Basin. In 2020 increased chloride concentrations were reported in two monitoring wells for the first time, which may be a precursor to seawater intrusion. The 2019 Updated Water Quality, Seawater Intrusion Analysis Report, and Basin Management Action Plan found that despite recent pumping at levels less than the decision-established natural safe yield of 3,000 AFY, water levels in some portions of the Basin are continuing to drop. Water levels and chloride concentrations are expected to improve once a new supply source is secured for the Peninsula and CAW can reduce its pumping from the Seaside Groundwater Basin. Similar to the Carmel River, the Seaside Basin is vulnerable to climate impacts, notably after years of over pumping. The main climate vulnerability is continued seawater intrusion in the basin as seawater levels rise, plus increased agricultural water use and more severe and frequent droughts that may result in over pumping and further stress the basin. Cal-Am is expected to significantly reduce reliance on both the Carmel River and Seaside Basin in the future as additional sources come online.

The Cal-Am Monterey Main System has a total entitled right of 1,474 AFY from the Seaside Groundwater Basin; however, Cal-AM has an agreement in place not to pump 700 AFY of this right for 25-years once a new supply source is operational. Because a new supply source is expected to be operational by 2030, Cal-Am’s allocation from the Seaside Basin will be reduced to 774 AFY (1,474 AFY minus 700 AFY) from 2030 to 2055.

AQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY (ASR)
The Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) program allows for the storage of excess Carmel River flows in the Seaside Groundwater Basin Coastal Subbasin during the months of December through May for later extraction during dryer summer months, historically between July and November.

The ASR program is a joint program between Cal-Am and MPWMD. Diversions for the ASR system are contingent on maintaining minimum daily instream Carmel River flows and precipitation and streamflow can vary substantially from year to year. Accordingly, the actual supply from the ASR project can vary substantially. In wet years with high streamflow, Cal-Am is able to inject a significant volume of water for ASR. Historically, the yield from ASR has varied significantly based on the hydrology and the available storage. The average annual volume stored since 2006 is 84 AFY with multiple years of no stored water.

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In most normal years the injection volume from seasonal Carmel River flows beyond Cal-Am’s entitled rights is only slightly greater than the extraction volume, and there is little to no excess supply available to build ASR storage. Cal-Am is projected to build ASR storage only in wet years.

In dry years, if storage is available, Cal-Am could draw down the ASR storage when the excess Carmel River flows are unavailable, but it is not anticipated to last through a multi-year drought based on the previous drought. Additional ASR storage would allow the ASR supply to last longer in a multi-year drought, though increased demands and climate impacts, including shifting rainfall patterns and hotter summers, will increase the difficulty of building ASR storage. The average annual ASR extraction volume over the historic period of operations was 559 AFY. The projected ASR supply for future years is estimated to be 470 AFY with 90 percent reliability.

TRANSFER OPPORTUNITIES
Cal-Am has completed interconnections between the Monterey Main System and the Ryan Ranch and Bishop System, which are now both supplied from the Monterey Main System. Cal-Am is also working to complete an interconnection between the Monterey Main System and the Hidden Hills System. The interconnections provide greater supply reliability for all systems.

RECYCLED WATER
Monterey One Water (M1W), previously Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency, operates a treatment plant that produces recycled water. The plant treats all collected wastewater through secondary treatment. Some secondary treated water is treated to a higher degree, including Title 22 tertiary disinfection level for raw food crop irrigation or purified using advanced treatment.

The tertiary treated water is used to irrigate edible food crops. MPWMD and M1W operate the Pure Water Monterey (PWM) Project under which Cal-Am is contracted to receive 3,500 AFY of advanced-treated recycled water for the Seaside Groundwater Basin.

PURE WATER MONTEREY
Pure Water Monterey (PWM) is an advanced water recycling project, jointly developed by two public agencies -- MPWMD and Monterey One Water. The PWM Project provides purified recycled water for injection into the Seaside Groundwater Basin and ultimate potable use in Monterey Main system. The PWM Project also provides purified recycled water for landscape irrigation for the Marina Coast Water District and recycled water to augment the existing Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project’s agricultural irrigation supply.

SAND CITY DESALINATION PLANT
Construction of the Sand City Water Supply Project was completed in 2009. Cal-Am began operating and distributing water from the plant in April 2010. The Sand City Desalination Plant includes a reverse osmosis desalination plant, water storage tanks, and a connection to Cal-Am’s Monterey Main system. The desalination facility is designed to produce 300 AFY, but it typically produces closer to 190 AFY. Cal-Am has an allocation of 94 AFY from this facility, and the rest is reserved for future development. Cal-Am may only use more than 94 AFY until the future developments use the remaining supply. Because any supply beyond 94 AFY is reserved for the City, it cannot be relied upon as a future water supply for Cal-Am.

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PURE WATER MONTEREY EXPANSION
The Pure Water Monterey (PWM) project provides purified recycled water for injection into the Seaside Groundwater Basin and extraction for potable use in Monterey Main. Cal-Am has a water purchase agreement to secure water from the project, which could deliver 3,500 AFY of advancedtreated recycled water for injection to the Seaside Groundwater Basin. The advanced treated recycled water mixes with the existing groundwater and is pumped as a potable supply source.

PWM is a key component of Cal-Am’s plan to reduce diversions from the Carmel River and will serve as a key component of the future water supply for the Monterey Peninsula. Phase 1 of PWM began operating at the end of 2019. Phase 2 of the project is envisioned to deliver an additional 2,250 AFY of water to the Seaside Basin that would be available to Cal-Am. However, the PWM Expansion has not been proven to provide the full 2,250 AFY, particularly during dry years. A 2022 analysis determined that the PWM Expansion can be reasonably expected to provide 2,001 to 2,234 AFY during normal conditions and 0 to 1,100 AFY during drought conditions.

MONTEREY PENINSULA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT OCEAN DESALINATION The proposed Ocean Desalination Plant would produce up to 6,252 AFY of potable water. The first phase of the plant approved by the California Coastal Commission in November 2022 would have a capacity of 4.8 million gallons per day (mgd) and would produce approximately 5,372 AFY. A future second phase would raise the capacity to 6.4 mgd or approximately 6,252 AFY. The desalination plant would be constructed near the Monterey One Water Regional Treatment Plant (M1W RTP) and would treat seawater that is filtered through the ocean floor, then collected through slant wells and piped to the desalination plant. The slant well approach would draw water from under the sea floor past the average high tide line and would avoid the impacts to marine life posed by open ocean intakes. At the plant, seawater would be treated using various treatment technologies including reverse osmosis. Brine would be blended with other treated effluent and discharged to the ocean via the existing outfall at M1W RTP. Cal-Am projects that the first phase of the Ocean Desalination Plant will be operational by 2030, and that the second phase will be operational by 2035 in order to serve additional projected demand.

Conservation
Monterey Peninsula Water Management District offers a wide variety of rebates, incentives, and technical assistance to its residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and large landscape customers to encourage water conservation. Some of the current water conservation programs include rebates for water saving fixtures and appliances for homes or businesses, free water-saving devices, commercial and multi-family housing water efficiency requirements, and water use credit application.

Marina Coast Water District
The Marina Coast Water District (MCWD) is located in Monterey County, on the coast of Monterey Bay at the northwest end of the Salinas Valley. The District’s jurisdictional service area is 10.3 square miles, encompassing the City of Marina and the occupied portions of the former Fort Ord. MCWD has a 2.2-square-mile sphere of influence immediately north of its service area. The remaining redevelopment parcels within the former Fort Ord are considered a future study area.

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the former Fort Ord, and the Ord Community within the former Army base. The Ord Community includes portions of the Cities of Marina, Seaside, Del Rey Oaks and Monterey, as well as unincorporated portions of Monterey County. California State University and the University of California each have lands and facilities within the Ord Community. MCWD served only the City of Marina until 1994, when Fort Ord closed and the District was selected to take over the water and wastewater systems within the base. The population served by MCWD is projected to more than double once the former Fort Ord is fully redeveloped.3
Current and Planned Sources
MCWD provides groundwater from the Monterey Subbasin of the Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin (SVGB), which covers approximately 620 square miles within Monterey County, and consists of several interconnected subbasins as listed in Table 3.14-1. The southern portion of the Ord Community overlies the Seaside Subbasin, which is an adjudicated aquifer, but none of MCWD’s wells draw water from that source. MCWD and the former Fort Ord were separately annexed into Monterey County Zones 2/2A in 1996 and 1993, respectively. Under the annexation agreements, MCWD agreed to limit its groundwater use to 3,020 AFY, and Fort Ord agreed to a limit of 6,600 AFY. Those limits are considered to be reliable yields. Pursuant to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014, several groundwater sustainability agencies oversee the management of groundwater within and adjacent to the MCWD service area. The 6,600 AFY within the Ord Community was allocated to the various land use jurisdictions by the Fort Ord Reuse Authority so that they may plan for and entitle redevelopment projects. With the closure of Ford Ord, an allotment of 65 AFY of water was conveyed to the City of Monterey.

Table 3.14-1 Subbasins within the Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin Basin Number Designation Area (acres)
3-4 Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin
3-004.01 180/400 Foot Aquifer 88,700
3-004.02 East Side Aquifer 57,500
3-004.04 Forebay Aquifer 94,100
3-004.05 Upper Valley Aquifer 98,200
3-004.06 Paso Robles (Monterey & SLO Counties) 577,400
3-004.08 Seaside 14,500
3-004.09 Langley 17,600
3-004.10 Monterey 30,900
3-004.11 Atascadero (SLO County) 19,700
Source: Marina Coast Water District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, May 2021 MCWD is pursuing additional sources of water supply. As of 2020, MCWD was constructing a recycled water distribution network with plans to begin delivering recycled water for urban landscape irrigation in the coming years. The producer of the recycled water is Monterey One Water (M1W), the regional wastewater treatment agency. M1W has two water recycling systems. 3 Marina Coast Water District, 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, May 2021.

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First, the Salinas Valley Reclamation Plant, constructed in 1989, produces tertiary treated and disinfected recycled water used for crop irrigation within the Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project.

Second, the Advanced Water Purification Plant produces advanced treated water for Indirect Potable Reuse as part of the Pure Water Monterey Project. The advanced treated water is injected into the Seaside Groundwater Basin within the Ord Community. MCWD has metered turnouts along the transmission main for supplying advanced treated water to recycled water customers. The MCWD Phase 1 project is 600 AFY, with a planned Phase 2 expansion to 1,427 AFY. Additionally, MCWD constructed a pilot seawater desalination plant in 1996 to explore the feasibility of using shallow wells along the beach as a source of brackish water. The plant had a capacity of 300 AFY, but is no longer in operation.

The MCWD 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) determined that the District has sufficient groundwater plus contracted recycled water to meet the projected water demands of the next 20 years. Further, the 2020 UWMP identified potential additional sources of water supply, including desalination of brackish groundwater, which has been studied in detail and remains a viable option, and Indirect Potable Reuse of advanced treated water from the Pure Water Monterey project, for which a feasibility study was completed in 2022.

Conservation
The MCWD 2020 Urban Water Management Plan outlines continued efforts to conserve water resources and reduce demand. Even with development in recent years, average per-capita water demand is low and has been trending downward due to aggressive water conservation programs.

Per capita demands will continue to be affected by conservation efforts, future land use changes, as well as increases in density of housing use. MCWD has an active water conservation program to maintain their low per capita rates of water use. Programs are available for indoor and outdoor retrofits and replacements, and staff water conservation specialists are available to provide assistance to customers.4
Wastewater
Monterey One Water
Monterey One Water (M1W) is the public wastewater treatment agency for northern Monterey County. M1W owns and operates a regional sanitary sewer system that serves a population of approximately 250,000 in 10 jurisdictions, which include the cities of Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Salinas, Sand City, and Seaside; the Castroville Community Services District; Marina Coast Water District; Boronda County Sanitation District; and Monterey County.5 Wastewater in the City of Monterey is treated at the M1W Regional Treatment Plant (RTP) in the City of Marina, conveyed via an interceptor pipeline that is located along the coast through the cities of Seaside and Marina. The M1W RTP utilizes a multi-step process in which wastewater 4 Marina Coast Water District, May 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available:
https://www.mcwd.org/docs/2021_uwmp/DRAFT_MCWD_2020_UWMP_v20210520.pdf. Accessed: January 12, 2024
5 Monterey One Water, 2023. Treatment. Available: https://www.montereyonewater.org/256/Treatment. Accessed:

September 20, 2023.

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entering the RTP from homes and businesses is taken through a series of processes to remove solids, pollutants, and harmful bacteria. The RTP has an average dry weather design capacity of 29.6 mgd and a peak wet weather design capacity of 75.6 mgd. It currently receives and treats on average approximately 18.5 mgd of wastewater, and therefore, has capacity to treat approximately 11 mgd of additional flows. Wastewater is treated to two different standards: 1) primary and secondary treatment for discharge through the M1W ocean outfall or use as influent for the tertiary treatment system; and 2) Title 22 California Code of Regulations standards (tertiary filtration and disinfection) for unrestricted crop irrigation use. With a grant from California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle), M1W is planning to significantly increase anaerobic digestion capacity at the RTP by reviving an out-of-service anaerobic digester and installing state-of-the-art Anaergia digestion tank mixing technology. The upgraded technology will enhance operational performance and energy efficiency, enabling food waste and biosolids codigestion without affecting critical wastewater operations. The project commenced in Q2 2023 and is expected to be completed by Q3 2024.6 Additionally, M1W operates the Pure Water Monterey Groundwater Replenishment Project, which provides highly treated wastewater for municipal use and for replenishment of the groundwater basin. This system is currently in the permitting process for further expansion.

City of Monterey
The City of Monterey provides sanitary sewer collection and conveyance services for customers within the City of Monterey and has intergovernmental services agreements with the U.S. Army Garrison Presidio of Monterey (POM). The City of Monterey owns and operates a sewer infrastructure (see Figure 3.14-2) consisting of 99 miles of gravity sewer mains and 1.5 miles of force mains, 7 lift stations, and over 2,300 manholes.7 This also includes sewer collection infrastructure on the federally‐owned POM and a few select sewer easements through the U.S.

Naval Support Activity Monterey (NSA Monterey), but does not include the majority of the collection system on NSA Monterey properties. The POM sanitary sewer collection and conveyance system is owned by the City of Monterey, but was traditionally a separate system. Through an ongoing agreement, the two agencies partner and communicate on any needs related to Presidio infrastructure, including sanitary sewer flows, overflows, operations, maintenance, and rehabilitation needs.
6 iGrow News, "Monterey One Water to Expand Anaerobic Digestion Capacity," June 6, 2023, accessed at https://igrownews.com/monterey-one-water-to-expand-anaerobic-digestion-capacity/ 7 City of Monterey, 2019. Sewer System Management Plan. Available:
/https://files.monterey.org/Document%20Center/Public%20Works/Engineering/Environmental%20Regulations/San itary%20Sewer%20Program/SSMP-Plan.pdf. Accessed: September 18, 2023.

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A§ !( !(!(!(
»A
ÔA
A§
ÔA
A§
A§
ÔA
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
NSA
Monterey
Navy School
Annex
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
Monterey
City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
!( Sewer Manhole
Sewer Main
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.14-2: Existing Wastewater Collection System
µ
Data Source: City of Monterey GIS Data, 2022; Monterey County GIS Open Data, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 525, Packet Page 853 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.14: Utilities
City of Monterey 3.14-11
Stormwater
The City of Monterey owns and operates a public storm drain system that collects surface runoff and conveys it through local creeks and estuaries to Monterey Bay without treatment. As shown on Figure 3.14-3, the system consists of ten miles of pipelines and drainage channels. City personnel maintain the lines by cleaning the catch basins and the storm inlets. A portion of the cost for the maintenance and capital replacement of the storm drain system is recovered through a storm water utility fee.

Garbage, Recycling, and Organics Collection Service
Solid waste collection, disposal, and recycling system in Monterey is managed by the Monterey Regional Waste Management District (ReGen Monterey). It also receives and processes most of Monterey County’s sewage sludge from the adjacent Monterey One Water Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant. MRWMD covers a total of 853 square miles, including the cities of Carmel-by-theSea, Del Rey Oaks, Marina, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Sand City, Seaside, and the unincorporated areas of Big Sur, Carmel Highlands, Carmel Valley, Castroville, Corral De Tierra, Laguna Seca, Moss Landing, Pebble Beach, San Benancio, and Toro Park. The population currently served is approximately 170,000.
8 The Waste Management District operates the Monterey Peninsula Landfill, a materials recovery facility, and a transfer station at a 475-acre site north of the City of Marina. The landfill operates 6 days per week and is permitted to receive 3,500 tons of waste per day; it has a remaining capacity of approximately 48.5 million cubic yards and is expected to reach its permitted capacity in 2107. 9 The
landfill receives approximately 600,000 tons of municipal waste per year, which averages to less than 2,000 tons of waste per day.10 In addition to the more commonly recycled and reused materials (such as paper, cardboard, bottles, and cans), materials targeted by operators at the materials recovery facility include commercial waste, wood waste, and yard waste, construction and demolition debris, and materials in self-haul loads. Monterey City Disposal Service (MCDS) provides standard residential services to residences within the Planning Area using a 35-gallon brown wheeled cart for garbage, a 64-gallon green wheeled cart for yard waste, and a 64-gallon blue wheeled cart for recycling (35-gallon wheeled recycle carts are available for those who request them). 11 8 ReGen Monterey, 2023. About Us. Available: https://regenmonterey.org/about/#1488961033450-0782f568-b1863b55- 93c5. Accessed: September 18, 2023.
9 California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle), 2023. SWIS Facility/Site Activity Details:

Monterey Peninsula Landfill (27-AA-0010). Available:
https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/2642?siteID=1976. Accessed: September 20, 2023. 10 ReGen Monterey, 2023. Monterey Peninsula Landfill. Available: https://regenmonterey.org/monterey-peninsulalandfill/. Accessed: September 20, 2023. 11 Monterey Disposal Service, 2016. Service for Residents. Available: http://www.montereydisposal.com/ourservices/residents. Accessed: September 21, 2023.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 526, Packet Page 854 !(!(
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P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
NSA
Monterey
Navy School
Annex
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Monterey
Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
Monterey
City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
!( Storm Points
Storm Main
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.14-3: Existing Storm Drain System
µ
Data Source: City of Monterey GIS Data, 2022; Monterey County GIS Open Data, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

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Electricity, Natural Gas, and Telecommunications
Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) provides all-natural gas and electric infrastructure in the Planning Area. Central Coast Community Energy provides electricity to customers in Monterey County using PG&E infrastructure; if individuals choose to opt out of Central Coast Community Energy, PG&E provides electricity. PG&E provides natural gas to the City of Monterey. All buildings within the Planning Area have existing connections to infrastructure. Existing overhead and underground electrical lines extend throughout the Planning Area. These lines have been installed to serve the variety of land uses currently in this area of Monterey. There are numerous telecommunication providers in the city for DSL, wireless, cable, and fiber optic services. Approximately nine internet service providers in the city offer residential services and six offer business services. Service providers such as XFINITY, AT&T, Viasat, and Hughes Net, among many others, provide telecommunication services to residents and businesses in the city. Underground conduits are located in the vicinity of the Planning Area.12

REGULATORY SETTING
Federal Regulations
Federal Safe Drinking Water Act
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in coordination with the states, is the main federal law that ensures the quality of drinking water. Under the SDWA, the U.S. EPA sets standards for drinking water quality and oversees the states, localities, and water suppliers who implement those standards. The Department of Public Health administers the regulations contained in the SDWA in the State of California.

United States Environmental Protection Agency
The 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act and the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act (CWA) established the EPA as the primary authority for water programs. The EPA is the federal agency responsible for providing clean and safe surface water, groundwater, and drinking water, and protecting and restoring aquatic ecosystems. The planning area is in EPA Region 9 (Pacific Southwest), which includes Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Pacific Islands, and Tribal Nations.

Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (Clean Water Act) The CWA establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into “waters of the United States.” The CWA specifies a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory tools to sharply reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance municipal wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. Some of these tools include Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), water quality certification, and regulations on discharge of dredge or fill material. For more details, see Section 3.9 Hydrology and Water Quality. 12 BroadBandNow. 2023. Internet Providers in Monterey, California. Available:
https://broadbandnow.com/California/Monterey?zip=93940. Accessed: September 22, 2023.

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National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The CWA was amended in 1987 to include urban and stormwater runoff, which required many cities to obtain a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for stormwater conveyance system discharges. Section 402(p) of the CWA prohibits discharges of pollutants contained in stormwater runoff, except in compliance with a NPDES permit. For more details, see Section 3.9 Hydrology and Water Quality.

State Regulations
California Porter–Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act established the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and nine regional water quality control boards address water quality and rights regulation. The five-member SWRCB protects water quality by setting statewide policy, coordinating and supporting the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) efforts, and reviewing petitions that contest RWQCB actions. The SWRCB is also solely responsible for allocating surface water rights. Each RWQCB makes critical water quality decisions for its region, including setting standards, issuing waste discharge requirements, determining compliance with those requirements, and taking appropriate enforcement actions. The planning area lies within the jurisdiction of the Central Coast RWQCB.

The Act authorizes the SWRCB to enact state policies regarding water quality in accordance with CWA 303. In addition, the Act authorizes the SWRCB to issue waste discharge requirements (WDRs) for projects that would discharge to State waters. SWRCB Order No. 2006-0003 provides a consistent statewide approach to reducing sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) by requiring public sewer system operators to take all feasible steps to control the volume of waste discharged into the system, to prevent sanitary sewer waste from entering the storm sewer system, and to develop a sewer system management plan.

The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act further requires that the SWRCB or the RWQCBs adopt water quality control plans (basin plans) for the protection of water quality. Basin plans also provide the technical basis for determining waste discharge requirements, taking enforcement actions, and evaluating clean water grant proposals. For more details, see Chapter 3.9 Hydrology and Water Quality.

The SWRCB also manages the Division of Drinking Water (DDW), which regulates public water supply systems. Regulatory responsibilities include the enforcement of the federal and State Safe Drinking Water Acts, the regulatory oversight of public water systems, issuance of water treatment permits, and certification of drinking water treatment and distribution operators. State regulations for potable water are contained primarily within the Food and Agricultural Code, the Government Code, the Health and Safety Code, the Public Resources Code, and the Water Code. Regulations are from Title 17 and Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations. Recycled water programs are also regulated by the SWRCB. The regulations governing recycled water are found in a combination of sources including the Health and Safety Code, Water Code, and Titles 22 and 17 of the California Code of Regulations. Issues related to treatment and distribution of recycled water are generally under the influence of the SWRCB.

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California Department of Water Resources
The California DWR is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the California State Water Project. DWR is also responsible for overseeing the statewide process of developing and updating the California Water Plan (Bulletin 160 series); protecting and restoring the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta; regulating dams, providing flood protection, and assisting in emergency management; educating the public about the importance of water and its proper use; and providing technical assistance to service local water needs.

Senate Bills 610 and 221
Enacted in 2002, SB 610, which was codified in the State Water Code beginning with section 10910, requires the preparation of a water supply assessment (WSA) for projects within cities and counties that propose to construct 500 or more residential units or the equivalent. SB 610 stipulates that when environmental review of certain large development projects is required, the water agency that is to serve the development must complete a WSA to evaluate water supplies that are or will be available during normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry years during a 20-year projection to meet existing and planned future demands, including the demand associated with a proposed project.

The WSA for the Proposed Plan is included as Appendix I of this Draft EIR.

Enacted in 2001, SB 221, which was codified in the State Water Code beginning with section 10910, requires that the legislative body of a city or county, which is empowered to approve, disapprove, or conditionally approve a subdivision map, must condition such approval upon proof of sufficient water supply. The term “sufficient water supply” is defined in SB 221 as the total water supplies available during normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry years within a 20-year projection that would meet the projected demand associated with the proposed subdivision. The definition of sufficient water supply also includes the requirement that sufficient water encompass not only the proposed subdivision, but also existing and planned future uses, including agricultural and industrial uses.

The Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7)
California legislation enacted in 2009 as SB 7 of the 7th Special Legislative Session (SB X7-7) instituted a new set of urban water conservation requirements known as “20 Percent By 2020.” These requirements stipulate that urban water agencies reduce per-capita water use within their service areas by 20 percent relative to their use over the previous 10 to 15 years. California American Water plans to comply with the SB X7-7 requirements through a combination of ongoing water conservation measures. Calculations for the 2020 Monterey District UWMP determined that as of 2015, the Monterey Main water system had met the obligations of SB X7-7 (see Local Regulations below).

Green Building Code and Title 24 Updates
The California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) (Part 11, Title 24) was adopted as part of the California Building Standards Code (24 California Code of Regulations). Part 11 established voluntary standards that became mandatory under the 2010 edition of the code. These involved sustainable site development, energy efficiency (in excess of California Energy Code requirements), water conservation, material conservation, and internal air contaminants. The current energy efficiency standards were adopted in 2022 and took effect on January 1, 2023. Notably, CALGreen requires all permitted residential and non-residential construction, demolition and ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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additions/alterations projects to recycle or salvage a minimum 65 percent of nonhazardous construction materials from the project.

State Updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (Assembly Bill 1881 (2006)) The State’s updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) requires cities and counties to adopt landscape water conservation ordinances by July 15, 2015. The City of Monterey has adopted and incorporated California Code of Regulations Section 490 et seq. (Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance), Monterey Peninsula Water Management District Rule 142 (Water Efficiency Standards), and Rule 143 (Water Efficiency Standards for Existing Non-Residential Uses) in Section 38-138 of the Monterey Municipal Code.

California Urban Water Management Planning Act
The California Legislature enacted the Urban Water Management Planning Act of 1983 (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) to support conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies at the local level. The act requires that every urban water supplier that provides water to 3,000 or more customers, or over 3,000 AF of water annually, to make every effort to ensure the appropriate level of reliability in its water service to meet the needs of its customers during normal, dry, and multiple-dry years. The act requires that total projected water use be compared to water supply sources over the next 20 years in five-year increments, that planning occur for single- and multiple-dry water years, and that plans include a water recycling analysis that incorporates a description of the wastewater collection and treatment system within the agency’s service area along with current and potential recycled water uses.

Applicable urban water suppliers within California are required by the Water Code to prepare and adopt a UWMP and update it every five years. A UWMP is required in order for a water supplier to be eligible for the DWR-administered state grants, loans, and drought assistance. A UWMP provides information on water use, water resources, recycled water, water quality, reliability planning, demand management measures, best management practices (BMPs), and water shortage contingency planning for a specified service area or territory.

California Emergency Graywater Regulations
In 2009, as part of the Governor’s declared State of Emergency, Chapter 16A “Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems” was incorporated into the 2007 California Plumbing Code. Chapter 16A establishes minimum requirements for the installation of graywater systems in residential occupancies regulated by the California Department of Housing and Community Development, providing guidance and flexibility designed to encourage the use of graywater. The standards allow small graywater systems to be installed in homes without a construction permit, substantially reducing the barriers to installing small residential graywater systems in California. The purpose of the regulations is to conserve water by facilitating greater reuse of laundry, shower, sink, and similar sources of discharge for irrigation and/or indoor use; to reduce the number of noncompliant graywater systems by making legal compliance easily achievable; to provide guidance for avoiding potentially unhealthful conditions; and to provide an alternative way to relieve stress on private sewage disposal systems.

Assembly Bill (AB) 1668 and Senate Bill (SB) 606
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Passed in 2018, AB 1668 and SB 606 establish guidelines for efficient water use and a framework for the implementation and oversight of the new standards, which must be in place by 2022. The two bills strengthen the state’s water resiliency in the face of future droughts with provisions that include:
• Establishing water use objectives and long-term standards for efficient water use that apply to urban retail water suppliers; comprised of indoor residential water use, outdoor residential water use, commercial, industrial and institutional (CII) irrigation with dedicated meters, water loss, and other unique local uses. • Providing incentives for water suppliers to recycle water. • Identifying small water suppliers and rural communities that may be at risk of drought and water shortage vulnerability and provide recommendations for drought planning. • Requiring both urban and agricultural water suppliers to set annual water budgets and prepare for drought.

Each urban water supplier, starting in November of 2023, will calculate its own objective based on the water needed in its service area for efficient indoor residential water use, outdoor residential water use, commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) irrigation with dedicated meters and reasonable amounts of system water loss from leaks, the fact sheet states. In determining their objectives, water suppliers will also consider other unique local uses and credits for potable water reuse, based on standards adopted by the state water board.

California's Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) is the State's leading authority on recycling, waste reduction, and product reuse. CalRecycle plays an important role in the stewardship of California's vast resources and promotes innovation in technology to encourage economic and environmental sustainability. CalRecycle brings together the State’s recycling and waste management programs and continues a tradition of environmental stewardship. Mandated responsibilities of CalRecycle are to reduce waste, promote the management of all materials to their highest and best use, and protect public health and safety and the environment.

California Integrated Waste Management Act (AB 939)
Assembly Bill 939, California’s Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989, mandates that 50 percent of solid waste be diverted by the year 2000 through source reduction, recycling, and composting. AB 939 also establishes a goal for all California counties to provide at least 15 years of ongoing landfill capacity. This requires each region to prepare a source reduction and recycling element to be submitted to CalRecycle, which administers programs formerly managed by the state’s Integrated Waste Management Board and Division of Recycling. The City of Monterey participates in the Monterey Regional Waste Management District. (MRWMD). The 50 percent diversion goal has since been updated to 75 percent per AB 341, discussed below. AB939 led ReGen Monterey to establish many of the programs in operation at MRWMD today, including the Last Chance Mercantile, the Household Hazardous Waste collection facility, and the Public Outreach and Small Planet School Education programs.

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California Solid Waste Reuse and Recycling Access Act of 1991 (AB 1327) AB 1327 was established in 1991, which required CalRecycle to develop a model ordinance for the adoption of recyclable materials in development projects. Local agencies were then required to adopt the model, or an ordinance of their own, governing adequate areas for collection and loading of recyclable materials in development projects.

Disposal Measurement System Act of 2008 (SB 1016)
SB 1016 maintains the 50 percent diversion rate requirement established by AB 939, while establishing revised calculations for those entitles who did not meet the 50 percent diversion rate.

SB 1016 also established a per capita disposal measurement system to make the process of goal measurement, as established by AB 939, simpler, timelier, and more accurate. The new disposalbased indicator—the per capita disposal rate—uses only two factors: a jurisdiction’s population (or in some cases employment) and its disposal as reported by disposal facilities.

Solid Waste Diversion (AB 341)
Effective July 1, 2012, AB 341 established a policy goal for the state that not less than 75 percent of solid waste generated be source reduced, recycled, or composted by the year 2020. This report, as directed by the Legislature, provides strategies to achieve that 75 percent goal. A Report to the Legislature accompanied the passage of AB 341 and outlined five strategies and three additional focus areas as potential pathways that can be pursued to achieve this goal. Subsequent reports on the State of Recycling and Disposal were published in 2015, 2016, and 2017. AB 341 also requires that commercial enterprises that generate four cubic yards or more of solid waste weekly participate in recycling programs. This requirement includes multifamily housing complexes of five units or more, regardless of the amount of solid waste generated each week.

Assembly Bill 1826
Adopted in 2016, Assembly Bill 1826 (AB 1826) requires that state agencies, businesses, and multifamily complexes that generate specific quantities of organic or solid waste each week enroll in organic recycling programs through an applicable solid waste disposal company. Organic recycling programs may take the form of composting, mulching, or anaerobic digestion. Businesses and multifamily residential housing complexes that generate the following quantities are required to implement organic or solid waste recycling programs under AB 1826:
• Eight or more cubic yards of organic waste per week as of April 1, 2016; • Four of more cubic yards of organic waste per week as of January 1, 2017; and • Four or more cubic yards of solid waste per week as of January 1, 2019.

CalRecycle is currently evaluating whether California has achieved its statewide organic disposal goal of reducing organic waste disposal to 50 percent of 2014 levels by 2020. If this goal is not achieved, organic composting and recycling requirements will be expanded such that businesses that generate two or more cubic yards of solid waste per week must comply.

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Regional
California American Water 2020 Urban Water Management Plan California American Water Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) was prepared in response to California’s Urban Water Management Planning Act, Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656.

The act requires every urban water supplier that provides water to more than 3,000 customers for municipal purposes or supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and adopt an UWMP and update the plan every 5 years. In June 2021, Cal-Am’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan was published. This plan is an update to the 2015 UWMP and carries forward information from that plan that remains current and is relevant to this plan and provides additional information as required by amendments to the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act; CWC §10610 – 10657). The UWMP discusses the status of projects, programs, and studies regarding water supply planning, water conservation, and recycled water. Cal-Am manages several programs and projects in the county that focus on water quality, pollution prevention, water conservation, and stream and creek protection.

Marina Coast Water District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan In May 2021, MCWD’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan was published. This plan is an update to the 2015 UWMP and carries forward information from that plan that remains current and is relevant to this plan and provides additional information as required by amendments to the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act; CWC §10610 – 10657). The UWMP discusses the status of projects, programs, and studies regarding water supply planning, water conservation, and recycled water. MCWD manages several programs and projects in the service area that focus on water quality, pollution prevention, and water conservation.

Monterey Peninsula Water Management District Water Efficient Landscape Requirements California’s first Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (WELO) was adopted in September 2009 and amended in July 2015. As part of the MPWMD’s Water Permit process, staff routinely evaluates the Water Use Capacity of the landscape and verifies compliance with its requirements.

Beginning in 2016, MPWMD began reporting regionwide compliance with WELO to the California Department of Water Resources. As the regional water manager, MPWMD is the appropriate agency to implement the water efficient landscape requirements. Agencies such as MPWMD were directed to update their local/regional WELO, which MPWMD did by codifying Rule 142.1 in its Rules and Regulations in September 2016.

Local Regulations
City of Monterey Sewer System Management Plan
The City of Monterey Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP) provides a guide to properly manage, operate, and maintain all parts of the sanitary sewer collection and conveyance system in order to help reduce and prevent sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), as well as mitigate any SSOs that occur. The goals of the SSMP are to:
• Reduce the occurrences of Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) and respond quickly to mitigate any impact of the overflow.

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• Complete citywide Sanitary Sewer Collection System Rehabilitation Project construction in 2019.
• Continue to identify and prioritize structural deficiencies and implement short‐term maintenance and rehabilitation actions to address each deficiency. • Update and maintain standards and specifications for the installation of new sewer assets and rehabilitated existing sewer assets.
• Exercise preventative maintenance on the collection system as outlined in the Operation and Maintenance Program to decrease SSOs.
• Perform an on‐going Condition Assessment of collection system on a 10‐year cycle, with a goal of completing 10% of the sewer collection system per year. • Continue to update inventory of FOG‐producing facilities and implement FOG inspection program as a SSO reduction strategy.
• Annually communicate with satellite sewer systems regarding the operation and maintenance of these systems.

City of Monterey 2005 General Plan
The City of Monterey General Plan (General Plan) includes the following goals and policies associated with utilities and service systems:

Public Facilities Element
Goal a. Phase future development in accordance with the City’s ability to service it.

Policy a.1. Use the City’s capital improvement program for determining short-range priorities for the allocation of public facilities funds consistent with the General Plan.

Policy a.2. Encourage review of proposed public facilities of all agencies by the City Planning Commission.

Policy a.3. Encourage infill development within the City where it can efficiently be provided with public facilities and utilities.

Policy a.4. Major new developments, such as annexed areas, should generate enough revenues to pay for the public services they demand.

Policy a.5. Reserve adequate space in new development for schools, parks, playgrounds, bikeways, community centers, libraries, fire stations and other public facilities.

Policy a.6. Control the rate of development if all projects being proposed cannot adequately be served with public facilities or could cause a rate of growth higher than the community feels is acceptable.

Goal k. Continue cooperation with Monterey One Water (formerly Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency) to maintain an environmentally compliant closed system (system that complies with environmental regulations) that ultimately allows partial reuse of the wastewater.

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Policy k.1. Encourage measures to promote proper disposal of pollutants into the sanitary sewer or hazardous waste facilities rather than into the storm drainage system.

Policy k.2. Continue inspections of the City’s sewer pipe system to prioritize maintenance needs.

Policy k.3. Set sewer fees at a rate sufficient to maintain and, when necessary, replace the system.

Goal l. Continue to improve drainage and urban runoff quality throughout the City and maintain Monterey’s status as a regional lead agency for storm water management programs.

Policy l.1. Set storm drain fees at a rate sufficient to maintain and, when necessary, replace and upgrade the system.

Policy l.2. The City of Monterey will comply with requirements from State regulatory agencies related to urban runoff quality. This includes required implementation of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II six minimum measures. These include: 1) Public education and outreach; 2) public participation/involvement; 3) illicit discharge detection and elimination; 4) construction site runoff control; 5) post-construction runoff control; and 6) pollution prevention/good housekeeping.

Goal m. Develop long-term water supplies and conservation methods so that there is sufficient water to implement General Plan goals.

Policy m.1. Develop alternatives for long-term water supply both within and outside the framework of the Water Management District and the California American Water Company.

Goal n. Continue to provide facilities to implement cost-effective and incentive-based recycling programs and education for items such as yard waste, vehicle oil, food containers, cardboard, and mixed paper to divert waste generated by residential and commercial customers.

Policy n.1. Continue to provide specific waste reduction and recycling programs for users, such as manufacturing, restaurant, business, military, and residential customers.

Policy n.2. Encourage the development of commercial composting and educational programs.

Policy n.3. Implement waste and recycling enclosure standards for all new developments and remodels.

Monterey City Code
Chapter 14, Article 1, Waste Disposal, of the Monterey Municipal Code notes the service requirements for single-family and multifamily premises, as well as commercial businesses. This chapter requires businesses generating four or more cubic yards of solid waste per week and all ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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multi-family property owners (five units or more) to obtain a level of recycling service adequate for the amount of recyclables they generate.

Chapter 30, Sewers and Sewage Disposal, outlines the connections to City sewer, maintenance of sanitary sewer laterals, and sewer overflows. The purpose of this chapter is to provide definitions and to inform the public about responsibilities for cleaning the public sewer main and lateral lines owned by respective property owners.

Chapter 31.5, Article. 2, Urban Storm Water Quality Management and Discharge Control of the Monterey City Code ensures the health, safety, and general welfare of citizens, and aims to protect and enhance the water quality of waters of the State and waters of the United States and protect water bodies in a manner pursuant to and consistent with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control.

Chapter 19-112.4, Wireless Communication Facilities, regulates wireless telecommunication facilities in the Planning Area. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a uniform set of standards for the permitting, development, siting, installation, design, operation, and maintenance of wireless telecommunications facilities in the town to avoid visual impacts and impacts to listed and candidate endangered species and habitats. No wirelesstelecommunicationsfacility shall be located or modified within the City on any property, including the public right-of-way, without a use permit subject to the requirements of this chapter.

Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Have insufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years; Criterion 2: Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, or wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects;
Criterion 3: Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it does not have adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments; Criterion 4: Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals; or
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Criterion 5: Comply with federal, State, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste.

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
Potential impacts on utilities and service systems are analyzed within the context of existing plans and policies, permitting requirements, local ordinances, the Monterey City Code, and the policies and programs included in the Proposed Plan. The analysis of water supply availability is based on a WSA prepared by Cal-Am and the projected demand and supply assumptions of the MCWD's 2020 UWMP. The Cal-Am WSA is referenced in the analysis and included as Appendix I.

In August 2023, the City also requested a WSA from the MPWMD to evaluate whether total projected water supplies available during normal, single-dry and multiple-dry water years would be sufficient to serve projected demand from the Proposed Plan, including up to 5,800 new housing units and 1,995 new jobs by 2031. In response, MPWMD sent a letter to the City in January 2024 asserting that a future Supply versus Demand analysis based on the AMBAG 2022 Regional Growth Forecast demonstrates existing and planned sources of supply would be sufficient to meet the region’s demand needs for over 30 years. However, the AMBAG 2022 Regional Growth Forecast does not fully account for the City's 2023-31 RHNA allocation and is not based on employment projections that accurately reflect the number of existing jobs in the City of Monterey in 2023. As such, the letter from MPWMD does not provide sufficient basis for assessing whether projected supply would be sufficient to meet the projected water demand associated with the Proposed Plan, in combination with the existing and planned future uses. The January 2024 MPWMD letter is also included in Appendix I.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Plan contains the following goals and policies relevant to utilities and service systems.

The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix A for reference:

Land Use Element
Policy A.4: Focus new development primarily in commercial districts and mixed use neighborhoods so as to support the vitality of existing businesses, optimize the use of utility infrastructure, and reduce vehicle trip frequency, length, and associated emissions.

Policy A.6: Use development agreements, impact fees, benefits districts, and other mechanisms to ensure the provision of adequate infrastructure to serve new development.

Housing Element
Housing Goal #2 Remove or reduce barriers to housing production in Monterey and address the regulatory, process, and market factors that limit and adversely affect affordability.

Program 2-J Water Distribution Policy
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Program 2-K Addressing Water Supply Constraints

IMPACTS
Impact 3.14-1 Development under the Proposed Plan would have insufficient water supplies available to serve the Planning Area and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years. (Significant and Unavoidable)
Water service for the majority of the Planning Area is provided by Cal-Am and an approximately 135 acres of land at Fort Ord is within the MCWD service area. A significant impact would result if supply from either district would be insufficient to meet projected demand from the Proposed Plan and reasonably foreseeable future development within the respective services areas during normal, dry, and multiple dry years.

California American Water Company (Cal-Am) Supply
A Water Supply Assessment (WSA) was prepared to assess whether the total projected water supplies available within the Cal-Am service area during average, single dry, and five-consecutive dry water year scenarios would meet the projected water demand from the Proposed Plan in combination with existing and planned future uses in the service area over a 30-year projection period. The Cal-Am WSA is included in Appendix I to this Draft EIR.

The WSA projected future demand by evaluating monthly historic trends in customer water usage and incorporating estimated future changes in water use due to behavioral changes, new water use regulations, projected growth, tourism water use, and employment projections by the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG). Water use for residential customers was approximately 55.2 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) for the period from 2018 through 2022, including indoor and outdoor use. It was anticipated that residential use could increase by 10 percent to 60.7 GPCD by 2030 when a new supply source is online and is expected to reduce the need for usage restrictions. For non-residential customers, water use was anticipated to increase at the rate of employment growth forecasted by AMBAG. Nonresidential demand includes the commercial, industrial, other public authority, company accounts, miscellaneous sales, sale for resale, fire service, and water loss categories, and is calculated as total water production minus residential metered sales. Additionally, total projected demand in the WSA accounts for 325 AFY of water entitled to the Pebble Beach Company for Del Monte Forest property owners; a projected 500 AFY increase in tourism-related water demand; 1,180 AFY of water for lots of record previously entitled but as yet to develop because of water supply constraints; and an additional 745 AFY to meet projected RHNA demand for 6,213 new housing units in all jurisdictions with the Cal-Am service area by 2031, including 3,654 new housing units in the City of Monterey. Table 3.14-2 shows total projected demand in the Cal-Am service area through 2050 from the WSA.

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Table 3.14-2 Historic and Projected Water Demand in the Cal-Am Service Area Customer Class Baseline
(2018-
2022)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Residential Demand
(AF)
5,673 5,788 6,493 6,620 6,746 6,873 6,999
Non-Residential
Demand (AF)
3,773 3,932 4,091 4,250 4,409 4,569 4,728
Pebble Beach
Entitlements
0 65 130 195 260 325
Tourism Rebound 250 500 500 500 500 500
Legal Lots of Record 0 300 520 740 960 1,180
RHNA Demands 0 370 745 745 745 745
Total Demands
(AFY, nearest ten)
9,450 9,970 11,820 12,760 13,340 13,910 14,480
Source: Water Supply Assessment, California American Water Company (Cal-Am), 2023, Appendix I Table 3.14-3 shows total available water supply under the normal year scenario as projected in the WSA, while Table 3.14-4 shows total projected available water supply under the single dry year scenario. As shown, under both scenarios, available supply would not be sufficient to serve total projected demand in 2025; however, if anticipated future supply from the Pure Water Monterey Expansion Project and the Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project Ocean Desalination Plant become available by 2030, total available supply would exceed demand in 2031. Similarly, the WSA finds that with these additional future sources of supply, total available supply within the Cal-Am service area in 2031 under a multiple dry year scenario would exceed projected demand. Until the new supplies come online, Cal-Am will use its Water Shortage Contingency Plan measures to maintain demand below the available supply.

However, while Phase 2 of the Pure Water Monterey Expansion Project is anticipated to deliver an additional 2,250 AFY of water to the Seaside Basin that would be available to Cal-Am customers, the project has not been proven to provide the full 2,250 AFY, particularly during dry years. A 2022 analysis determined that the expansion can be reasonably expected to provide 2,001 to 2,234 AFY during normal conditions and 0 to 1,100 AFY during drought conditions. Further, funding for the Ocean Desalination Plant has not yet been identified and construction has not yet begun. As such, it cannot be said with certainty that the plant will be operational by 2030 as envisioned. No other feasible sources of additional water supply have been identified. Therefore, Mitigation Measure UTIL-1, which requires that all new construction and remodels comply with the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District Rule 142 Water Efficiency Standards is required.

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Table 3.14-3: Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Demand Totals, AFY 9,970 11,820 12,770 13,340 13,910 14,480 Water Supply, AFY
Carmel River Aquifer 3,376 3,376 3,376 3,376 3,376 3,376 Seaside Groundwater Basin 1,474 774 774 774 774 774
Sand City Desalination 94 94 94 94 94 94
ASR 470 470 470 470 470 470
Pure Water Monterey 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 Pure Water Monterey
Expansion1
0 2,001 -
2,234
2,001 -
2,234
2,001 -
2,234
2,001 -
2,234
2,001 -
2,234
Pure Water Monterey Reserves 0 0 0 0 0 0
MPWSP Ocean Desalination 0 5,372 6,252 6,252 6,252 6,252 Low Range Total Supply (AFY 8,914 15,587 16,467 16,467 16,467 16,467 Operation Buffer (10%) -891 -1,022 -1,022 -1,022 -1,022 -1,022 Surplus/ Shortfall -1,947 2,746 2,676 2,106 1,536 966
High Range Total Supply (AFY) 8.914 15,820 16,700 16,700 16,700 16,700 Operation Buffer (10%)2 -891 -1,045 -1,045 -1,045 -1,045 -1,045 Surplus/ Shortfall -1,947 2,955 2,885 2,315 1,745 1,175 Source: Water Supply Assessment, California American Water Company (Cal-Am), 2023, Appendix I Nevertheless, while implementation of Mitigation Measure UTIL-1 would reduce water demand resulting from implementation of the Proposed Plan to the extent feasible, compliance with these standards alone would not be sufficient to offset the anticipated supply shortfall under average, single dry year, or multiple dry year scenarios and impacts would remain significant and unavoidable even after implementation of all feasible mitigation.

Marina Coast Water District Supply
The MCWD 2020 UWMP projects that available groundwater supply will be sufficient to meet demand in its service area through 2040. As described above, the UWMP identifies a reliable supply of 9,620 AFY from the Salinas Valley Groundwater Basin pursuant to the agreements under which MCWD and the former Fort Ord were separately annexed into Monterey County Zones 2/2A in 1996 and 1993, respectively. This supply is sufficient to meet total projected demand of 9,574 AFY in the service area through 2040, including a projected demand for 130 AFY from the City of Monterey, as shown in Table 3.14-5.

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Table 3.14-4 Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Demand Totals, AFY 9,970 11,820 12,770 13,340 13,910 14,480 Water Supply, AFY
Carmel River Aquifer 3,376 3,376 3,376 3,376 3,376 3,376 Seaside Groundwater Basin 1,474 774 774 774 774 774
Sand City Desalination 94 94 94 94 94 94
ASR 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pure Water Monterey 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 Pure Water Monterey
Expansion1
0 0 -
1,100
0 -
1,100
0 -
1,100
0 -
1,100
0 -
1,100
Pure Water Monterey Reserves 0 0 - 775 0 - 775 0 - 775 0 - 775 0 - 775 MPWSP Ocean Desalination 0 5,372 6,252 6,252 6,252 6,252 Low Range Total Water Supply,
AFY
8,444 13,116 13,996 13,996 13,996 13,996
Operation Buffer (10%)2 -844 -774 -774 -774 -774 -774
Surplus/ Shortfall -2,370 522 452 -118 -688 -1,258
High Range Total Water Supply,
AFY
8,444 14,991 15,871 15,871 15,871 15,871
Operation Buffer (10%)2 -844 -962 -962 -962 -962 --962
Surplus/ Shortfall -2,370 2,209 2,139 1,569 999 429
Source: Water Supply Assessment, California American Water Company (Cal-Am), 2023, Appendix I Note:

1. When the MPWSP Desalination Plant comes online, it will provide a drought-proof supply that will allow water demands to increase to the projected levels and wastewater flows to increase, which provides more source water for the PWM and PWM Expansion Project and improves both projects supply reliability. This excess supply is only available in dry years if the MPWSP is operational.

2. The operational buffer has not been applied to the MPWSP Ocean Desalination supply, which, given its source water, is drought-proof.

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Table 3.14-5 MCWD Water Demand Projections by Jurisdiction (AFY) Jurisdiction 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Allocation
Ord
U.S. Army 409 461 471 471 471 1,577
CSUMB1 318 421 616 821 977 1,035
Del Rey Oaks 0 31 224 238 238 243
City of Monterey 0 0 130 130 130 65
County of Monterey 227 436 436 522 522 720
UCMBEST 1 116 335 377 408 230
City of Seaside 339 839 1,032 1,435 1,698 1,012
State Parks and Rec. 0 7 9 9 9 45
Marina Ord Comm. 446 1,125 1,638 1,757 1,809 1,325
Assumed Line Loss 190 348 348 348 348 348
Subtotal 1,929 3,784 5,239 6,108 6,610 6,660
Marina
Armstrong Ranch 0 550 680 680 680 920
CEMEX2 0 0 0 0 0 500
Marina Central 1,438 1,656 1,874 2,081 2,284 3,020
Subtotal 1,438 2,207 2,553 2,761 2,964 4,440
TOTAL 3,367 5,991 7,792 8,869 9,574 11,040
Notes

1. CSUMB Campus closed for most of 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions, so the 2018 campus usage is assumed as the baseline demand.

2. The CEMEX property is outside the Marina Urban Growth Boundary, which was extended through the year 2040.

Source: Marina Coast Water District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, June 2021. https://mcwd.org/docs/engr_files/edfp/uwmp/MCWD_2020_UWMP_20210630.pdf Further, the 2020 UWMP does not fully account for the RHNA allocations of the other communities served by MCWD, including the cities of Marina, Seaside, and Del Rey Oaks and unincorporated portions of Monterey County. Therefore, implementation of Mitigation Measure UTIL-1, which requires that all new construction and remodels comply with the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District Rule 142 Water Efficiency Standards and Mitigation Measure UTIL-2, involving actions to expand MCWD supply, is required. To meet additional future demands, the MCWD 2020 UWMP provides that reactivation of the MCWD pilot seawater desalination plant could potentially add 300 AFY of additional supply. Further, to provide additional water to meet future demand when it materializes, the MCWD 2020 UWMP states Phase 2 of the Pure Water Monterey Expansion Project is anticipated to deliver additional water to the Seaside Basin. However, while these additional sources of supply could delivery sufficient water to meet projected demand from the Proposed Plan, MCWD does not currently have a plan or funding in place to reactivate the pilot seawater desalination plant or procure additional supply from Phase ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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2 of the Pure Water Monterey Expansion Project. No other feasible sources of additional water supply have been identified. Therefore, this impact is considered significant and unavoidable.

Mitigation Measures
MM-UTIL-1: Water Efficiency Measures for New Development and Remodels. New development and remodels in the Planning Area shall be required as a condition of project approval to implement the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District's Rule 142 Water Efficiency Standards, as applicable, in order to minimize the use of water. For reference, Rule 142 Water Efficiency Standards are included in Appendix H to this Draft EIR.

MM-UTIL-2: Expand MCWD Sources of Supply. MCWD shall implement measures to increase sources of water supply, including reactivation of the pilot seawater desalination plant and Indirect Potable Reuse of advanced treated water from the Pure Water Monterey project. The measures shall be sufficient to generate an additional 199.2 AFY by 2030, as needed to support new development within the City of Monterey that will be served by MCWD.

Significance after Mitigation: Significant and Unavoidable Impact 3.14-2 Development under the Proposed Plan would require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, or wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects. (Significant and Unavoidable)
A significant impact would occur if the Proposed Plan would require the relocation, construction, or expansion of regional or municipal utility infrastructure, the implementation of which would result in substantial adverse environmental effects.

Regional Facilities
In order to serve projected water demand within its service area, Cal-Am has plans to purchase additional water supply from the planned Pure Water Monterey Expansion Project and to augment its supplies through the proposed Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project Ocean Desalination Plant, as described above. These projects are already planned and, according to the WSA prepared by Cal-Am for the Proposed Plan, with the additional supply anticipated to become available when these projects come online, Cal-Am would have adequate supply to serve demand from the Proposed Plan. Additionally, MCWD owns a pilot desalination plant which if reactivated could provide 300 AFY of additional water supply to meet additional demand within its service area, including additional demand from new development at Fort Ord as part of the Proposed Plan.

Therefore, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not require the construction of new or the expansion of existing regional water facilities over and above existing and planned facilities. As such, associated impacts would be less than significant.

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Wastewater from the Planning Area is treated at the M1W Regional Treatment Plant (RTP) in the City of Marina, as described above. The RTP has an existing capacity of up to 29.6 million gallons of wastewater per day (mgd) and currently treats an average of 18.5 mgd from over 250,000 community members and 10 member entities. The Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 1,991 new jobs by 2031. Assuming an average wastewater flow of 150 gallons per day (gps) for residential projects, consistent with M1W's 2021 Wastewater Treatment Rate Update to 2017 Comprehensive Rate & Fee Study, and an average of 30 gpd per employee, consistent with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's general estimate of wastewater generation for office projects, the Proposed Plan would generate an additional 0.93 mgd of wastewater upon buildout in 2031, well within the existing excess capacity of the RTP.13 Additionally, as described above, M1W is moving forward with plans to significantly increase anaerobic digestion capacity at the RTP by reviving an out-of-service anaerobic digester and installing state-of-the-art Anaergia digestion tank mixing technology. Once completed in late 2024, project will also substantially increase digester capacity and enhance operational performance and energy efficiency. Therefore, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not require the construction or expansion of RTP facilities.

While the majority of the Planning Area is served by existing power and telecommunications infrastructure, power and telecommunications lines would need to be extended to the 50-acre MPUSD site in the Highway 68 Plan area and to the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch opportunity area with implementation of the Proposed Plan. However, pursuant to Mitigation Measure WF-2 described in Section 3.15 of this Draft EIR, the City will adopt an underground utility district applicable to areas within the Highway 68 Area Plan and the Fort Ord Reuse Area that are both adjacent to and within 1,000 linear feet of a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone designated by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, and shall require that all new electrical poles, overhead wires, and associated overhead structures be installed underground in order to reduce wildfire risks and promote public safety. Implementation of this mitigation measure would reduce impacts associated with construction and expansion of power and telecommunications to a less than significant level.

City Facilities
As described above, the City of Monterey owns and operates a sewer system consisting of 99 miles of gravity sewer mains, 1.5 miles of force mains, seven lift stations, and over 2,300 manholes.

Additionally, the City owns and operates a public storm drain system consisting of ten miles of pipelines and drainage channels that collect and convey runoff to Monterey Bay. As shown on Figures 3.14-2 and 3.14-3, existing municipal sewer and stormwater facilities serve the majority of the Planning Area.

In 2018, the City of Monterey prepared a Sewer System Management Plan Update that evaluated the capacity of the existing sewer system and identified sewer improvements that are necessary to achieve future capacity requirements. The 2018 Sewer System Management Plan did not identify the need for any trunk sewer capacity improvements at the time in the Planning Area, as the City sewerage system was not experiencing overflow conditions nor approaching such conditions even 13 M1W, 2021 Wastewater Treatment Rate Update to 2017 Comprehensive Rate & Fee Study, accessed on Dec 26, 2023 at: https://www.montereyonewater.org/DocumentCenter/View/144/06-2021-Comprehensive-Rate-and-Fee-StudyPDF?bidId= ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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during wet weather per regular field observations by City maintenance crews. The Monterey City Code Chapter 30 requires that, when constructing a new structure on property with an existing lateral, changing the use of a structure that requires a building permit, connecting a previously unconnected structure to an existing lateral, or constructing a major building remodel project, the sanitary sewer lateral must be inspected for any defects and a completed sanitary sewer lateral inspection form submitted to the City. Individual development projects pursuant to the Proposed Plan would connect to existing sewer infrastructure, but the need for improvements to existing public sewer infrastructure in these areas is not anticipated.

Future developments within the Planning Area must meet the requirements of the Monterey Regional Storm Water Management Program (MRSWMP), City of Monterey NPDES Phase II permit with the California State Water Board, the City Code, and other applicable local, state and federal requirements, as more fully described in Section 3.9, Hydrology and Water Quality.

Compliance with existing regulations would ensure that new development incorporates on-site methods to result in no net increase in drainage off-site compared to pre-project site hydrology, including through low impact development techniques that filter, store, evaporate, and detain runoff close to the source of rainfall and control the rate and/or volume of stormwater, allowing stormwater to naturally infiltrate soils. As such, the need for improvements to existing public storm drainage infrastructure in these areas is not anticipated. However, implementation of the Proposed Plan would also require the construction and extension of public sewer and stormwater conveyance infrastructure to areas not currently served by existing facilities, including the 50-acre MPUSD site in the Highway 68 Plan area and portions of Fort Ord. Construction or expansion of infrastructure to these areas could potentially result in environmental impacts. Construction period impacts are analyzed at a programmatic level throughout this Draft EIR. While construction period impacts related to soil erosion and noise can be mitigated to a less than significant level, construction period impacts related to air quality, biological resources, cultural and tribal cultural resources, energy and greenhouse gas emissions would remain significant and unavoidable even after implementation of all feasible mitigation measures.

Therefore, in conclusion, impacts associated with the relocation, construction, or expansion of regional utility infrastructure would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated; however, impacts associated with construction period impacts related to air quality, biological resources, cultural and tribal cultural resources, energy and greenhouse gas emissions would remain significant and unavoidable even after implementation of all feasible mitigation measures.

Mitigation Measures
MM-AQ-2: MBARD Basic Construction Mitigation Measures for Air Quality.

MM-AQ-3: Require at Least Tier 4 Final Engines on Construction Equipment.

MM-AQ-4: Require 2010 Model Year Compliance of Diesel Truck Engines.

MM-BIO-1: Conduct Preconstruction Surveys for Special Status Species.

MM-BIO-2: Worker Environmental Awareness Training Program.

MM-CUL-4: Conduct Cultural Resources Awareness Training.

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MM-GHG-2: Construction Best Management Practices to Minimize GHGs.

Significance after mitigation: Significant and unavoidable.

Impact 3.14-3 Development under the Proposed Plan would not result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it does not have adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments. (Less than Significant) As described above, wastewater from the Planning Area is treated at the M1W Regional Treatment Plant (RTP) in the City of Marina. The RTP has an existing capacity of up to 29.6 million gallons of wastewater per day (mgd) and currently treats an average of 18.5 mgd, including effluent from the Planning Area. The Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 1,991 new jobs by 2031. Assuming an average wastewater flow of 150 gallons per day (gps) for residential projects, consistent with M1W's 2021 Wastewater Treatment Rate Update to 2017 Comprehensive Rate & Fee Study, and an average of 30 gpd per employee, consistent with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's general estimate of wastewater generation for office projects, the Proposed Plan would generate an additional 0.93 mgd of wastewater upon buildout in 2031, well within the existing excess capacity of the RTP. Additionally, as described above, M1W is moving forward with plans to significantly increase anaerobic digestion capacity at the RTP by reviving an out-of-service anaerobic digester and installing state-of-the-art Anaergia digestion tank mixing technology. Once completed in late 2024, project will also substantially increase digester capacity and enhance operational performance and energy efficiency. Therefore, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not require the construction or expansion of RTP facilities and associated impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.14-4 Development under the Proposed Plan would not generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals. (Less than Significant) Construction
A significant impact would occur if development under the Proposed Plan generates solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals. Demolition and construction activities associated with implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in a temporary increase in solid waste generation. Solid waste generation would occur periodically during construction. However, the increase would be minimal and temporary. In addition, individual projects within the Planning Area would be required to comply with the State’s Green Building Code, which requires all permitted residential and non-residential construction demolition and additions/alternations projects to recycle of salvage a minimum 65 percent of nonhazardous construction materials generated from the project. Therefore, the Proposed Plan would not generate solid waste in excess ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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of State or local standards or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure during construction.

This impact would be less than significant.

Operation
Solid waste from Monterey is primarily sorted at the Monterey Peninsula Landfill (MPL) and Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in unincorporated Salinas, operated by ReGen Monterey and any waste not recycled or composted is disposed. ReGen Monterey also processes commercial and residential organics at the MPL and MRF. As shown below in Table 3.14-2, Monterey has disposed between 36,341and 40,991 tons of solid waste during the five-year period between 2017 and 2021.

These volumes account for all waste generated by all sources within the city, including both residential, commercial, and industrial waste. Using these reported volumes of solid waste, and the population of Monterey during each of these years, a per capita solid waste disposal rate was calculated for Monterey. As shown in the table, the average per capita solid waste disposal rate in Monterey, in recent years, is approximately 7.4 tons per year per person. As discussed in Chapter 2: Project Description, implementation of the Proposed Plan and pipeline projects would increase the Planning Area’s population by 10,125 residents compared to existing conditions. Thus, the Proposed Plan would result in a net increase in solid waste generation of approximately 74,925 tons per year, or 205.27 tons per day.

Table 3.14-6: Annual Solid Waste Disposal Per Capita (Monterey) Report
Year
Solid Waste Disposal Originating from
Monterey (annual tons)
Population Solid Waste Disposal Per
Capita (annual tons)
2017 36,341.43 28,672.00 6.90
2018 39,143.40 28,412.00 7.50
2019 38,802.60 28,473.00 7.50
2020 40,991.71 28,448.00 7.90
2021 38,355.16 28,304.00 7.40
Source: CalRecycle, 2021. Available: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/Home/slcp/capacityplanning/recycling. Accessed:

October 2, 2023.

The permitted remaining capacity of the Monterey Peninsula Landfill is 48.5 million tons, as reported by CalRecycle, while the permitted capacity of the Monterey Peninsula Landfill is 3,500 tons per day. Thus, the annual solid waste generated by the Proposed Plan would be approximately

0.155 percent of the permitted remaining capacity of the landfill and the daily solid waste generated by the Proposed Plan would be approximately 5.9 percent of the permitted daily capacity of the landfill. While non-residential development would also generate solid waste, overall the Proposed Plan would not be a substantial contributor to the City’s solid waste at the Monterey Peninsula Landfill.

Further, businesses and residences within the Planning Area would be required to recycle materials that are recyclable, per Chapter 14, Article 1, of the Monterey City Code. City Code requires businesses generating four or more cubic yards of solid waste per week and all multi-family property owners (five units or more) to obtain a level of recycling service adequate for the amount of recyclables they generate. This regulation builds upon a California law, AB 341, which requires the commercial and multi-family accounts to either subscribe to recycling services, self-haul, or ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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arrange for periodic pick-up of recyclables. Development projects under the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with State and local laws mandating recycling of recyclable materials. There would still be residual waste requiring landfill disposal, but the incremental increase in solid waste sent to the Monterey Peninsula Landfill would have an imperceptible effect on landfill capacity.

Therefore, implementation of the Proposed Plan would not generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure during operation, and this impact would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.14-5 Development under the Proposed Plan would comply with federal, State, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste. (Less than Significant) A significant impact would occur if development under the Proposed Plan would violate any federal, State, or local statues or regulations related to solid waste. As described under the Physical Setting section, waste collection services in the Planning Area are provided by Monterey City Disposal Service. Monterey City Disposal Service collects and transports solid waste, including trash, recyclables, and organic materials. Hazardous and e-waste is managed by the Household Hazardous Waste Collection program at ReGen Monterey, which operates household hazardous and electronic waste disposal drop-off facilities in Marina.

Federal, State, and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste include AB 939, AB 1327, SB 1016, AB 341, and AB 1826, as well as the Monterey City Code, Chapter 14, Article 1, which requires multifamily properties with five or more units and certain businesses to provide on-site recycling and composting services. Projects pursuant to the Proposed Plan would be subject to policies in the City General Plan aimed at continuing to implement cost-effective and incentive-based recycling programs and education for items such as yard waste, vehicle oil, food containers, cardboard, and mixed paper to divert waste generated by residential and commercial customers. Further, any development of future land uses under the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with federal, State, and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

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Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 549, Packet Page 877 City of Monterey 3.15-1

3.15 Wildfire
This section describes the environmental and regulatory setting for wildfires. It also describes events related to wildfires that have already occurred in the Planning Area and that could occur during implementation of the Proposed Plan. A wildland fire is a fire in which the primary fuel is natural vegetation and can consume thousands of acres of vegetation, timber and agricultural lands, as well as developed properties located in or adjacent to susceptible areas. Wildfires can be caused by human actions as well as natural events, such as lightning or high winds.

There were two responses to the Notice of Preparation (NOP) regarding topics covered in this section. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) requested that the EIR address climate change’s impact on the State Highway System (SHS) and local roadways, given the forecasted regional increase in wildfires. An additional commenter was interested in the status of the emergency preparedness plan for Monterey and the County. These comments are addressed under Impact 3.15-1 to the extent they relate to the environmental analysis required under CEQA.

Environmental Setting

PHYSICAL SETTING
A wildland fire is a fire in which the primary fuel is natural vegetation. Wildfires can consume thousands of acres of vegetation, timber, and agricultural lands, as well as developed properties located in or adjacent to susceptible areas. Wildfires can be caused by natural events, such as lightning or high winds. Most wildfires in the country are human caused (89 percent on average from 2017 to 2021), although the wildfires caused by lightning tend to be slightly larger and burn more acreage (52 percent of the average acreage burned from 2017 to 2021 was ignited by lightning).1
Monterey County is a region with a long history of wildland fires. Along the coastline, wildfires are typically kept at bay by the regular fog that keeps land surfaces relatively moist. However, above the fog bank, inland land surfaces are dry and more susceptible to wildfires particularly during the months of August, September, and October. Warmer and drier offshore wind flow regimes, which occur several times each year, produce conditions in the region that are associated with "Severe Fire 1 Congressional Research Service. November 2022. Wildfire Statistics. Available:
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/IF10244.pdf.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 550, Packet Page 878 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire

3.15-2 City of Monterey
Weather" and "Red Flag" fire warnings.2 These warm winds lower the relative humidity of the area and dry out vegetation, and under these wind regimes California typically experiences its largest and most destructive fires.3 Recent research indicates that higher average summer temperatures will likely increase the area burned and fire severity in California, particularly in Northern California. Future changes in fire frequency and severity are difficult to predict; however, regional climate change associated with elevated greenhouse gas concentrations could alter large weather patterns and produce conditions conducive to extreme fire behavior. A warmer climate will bring drier winters, higher spring temperatures, and early snowmelt. Combined with drought conditions, this leads to drier soils in early summer, drier vegetation, and an increase in the number of days in the year with flammable fuels, all which further raise the likelihood and severity of fires throughout the year.4
Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Zones
The Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is the transition zone between areas of native vegetation and developed areas. Approximately 3,570 acres – 64 percent of the County’s land area – falls within the wildland urban interface (WUI) where residences (i.e., homes and structures) are adjacent to or intermixed with open space and wildland vegetation.5 Figure 3.15-1 shows the WUI areas in Monterey; roughly all the south and southwest portions of the city fall entirely within a WUI area.

The term “WUI” is not a designation of potential wildfire severity but a defined description of an area where urban development meets undeveloped lands at risk of wildfires. Because of the mix and density of structures with natural fuels in close proximity to each other, combined with more limited access and egress routes, fire management is more complex in WUI environments.

In Monterey County, homes and property in the WUI are likely areas of concern for future fires.

The mountainous, highly combustible areas in and around the Los Padres National Forest are very susceptible to wildland fires. The communities along the Big Sur coast, including Big Sur, Post, Lucia, Gorda, and Plaskett, are also at great risk to wildland fires. Of the about 35,000 housing units in the county located in the WUI, 38 percent are in an intermix zone, which is dense urban development adjacent to wildland, and 62 percent are in an interface zone, which is sparse development interspersed within a landscape that maintains much of the wildland characteristics.

Interface zones typically have a definable boundary between houses and wildland to provide a line 2 County of Monterey. March 2022. County of Monterey Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Available:
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/administrative-office/office-of-emergencyservices/hazard-mitigation/2022-mjhmp. 4 Westerling A.L. August 2018. Wildfire Simulations for California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment: Projecting Changes in Extreme Wildfire Events with a Warming Climate. Available:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Projections_CCCA4-CEC-2018-014_ADA.pdf.. 4 Westerling A.L. August 2018. Wildfire Simulations for California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment: Projecting Changes in Extreme Wildfire Events with a Warming Climate. Available:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Projections_CCCA4-CEC-2018-014_ADA.pdf.. 5 CAL FIRE. 2019. Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). Available: https://www.fire.ca.gov/what-we-do/fire-resourceassessment-program.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 551, Packet Page 879 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire
City of Monterey 3.15-3
of defense and focus mitigation efforts along this boundary while intermix zones often require fire agencies to devote resources to protect individual houses.6 A number of agencies in the County are involved in various fuel reduction activities to minimize wildfire risk in WUI areas. A variety of strategies and projects have been deployed in an effort to reduce the threat of wildfires. CALFIRE San Benito-Monterey Unit (BEU) administers a Vegetation Management Program. The purpose of the program is to reintroduce fire to the landscape, restoring aspects of historic fire regimes, and to reduce flammable vegetation that may contribute to large, damaging wildfires and high fire suppression costs. The Vegetation Management Program is a costsharing program that focuses on the use of prescribed fire and mechanical means for addressing wildland fire fuel hazards and other resource management issues on State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands. The program allows private landowners to enter into a contract with CAL FIRE to use prescribed fire to accomplish a combination of fire protection and resource management goals.

CAL FIRE also manages some significant shaded fuel break projects at strategic, high-risk locations.7
Local fire agencies conduct property inspections for defensible space, implement community projects, and share public information on wildfire risk. The City of Monterey Fire Department conducts annual Defensible Space Inspections of all residential parcels in its response area, which includes the cities of Monterey, Pacific Grove, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Sand City, as well as the Monterey Regional Airport.In 2020, Monterey Fire collaborated with the City to develop a collector app using GIS technology. The app allows fire crews to conduct inspections and record if a parcel is compliant with defensible space requirements. The results of the inspection are immediately visible online in a public facing portal. As follow-up inspections are completed, the information can be quickly updated. Staff can immediately see which parcels need follow-up and the completion rate.8
Slope and Aspect
According to CAL FIRE, sloping land increases susceptibility to wildfire because fire typically burns faster up steep slopes and they may hinder firefighting efforts.9 Following severe wildfires, sloping land is also more susceptible to landslide or flooding from increased runoff during substantial precipitation events. Aspect is the direction that a slope faces, and it determines how much radiated heat the slope will receive from the sun. Slopes facing south to southwest will receive the most solar radiation; thus, they are warmer and the vegetation drier than on slopes facing a northerly to 6 Monterey Fire Safe Council. March 2016. Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Available:
http://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/mccwpp_november_2010_v2_signed_updated_appxd_6-3-2019.pdf. 7 County of Monterey. March 2022. County of Monterey Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Available:
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/administrative-office/office-of-emergencyservices/hazard-mitigation/2022-mjhmp. 8 Ibid.
9 CAL FIRE 2007b.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 552, Packet Page 880 A§
A»
AÔ
A§
AÔ
A§
A§
AÔ
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
NSA
Monterey
Navy School
Annex
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icDr
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
US Coast
Guard
Station
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
NSA Naval
Postgraduate
School
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
J:\GISData\584 Monterey GP\GIS\Projects\EIR\Fig 3.15-1 WUI in Monterey.mxd Wildland Urban Interface
Intermix
Interface
Influence Zone
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Freeway
Ramp
Local Collector
Local
Figure 3.15-1: WUI in Monterey
µ
A§
A§
Data Source: Wildland Urban Interface 2019, Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP), CalFIRE, Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 553, Packet Page 881 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire
City of Monterey 3.15-5
northeasterly direction, increasing the potential for wildfire ignition and spread.10 The topography of Monterey County is extremely variable. Within the Salinas Valley, slopes are relatively flat across the valley floor (0-10 percent). Elevations in this region range from sea level, where the valley meets the Pacific Ocean in the north, up to nearly 400 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) in the southern portions of the valley. More significant topographic variation is found in the eastern and western portions of the County, often characterized by steep slopes, deeply incised canyons, and narrow valleys. The elevation within Monterey County ranges from sea level to over 5,800 feet AMSL. Slope measurements reach up to 175 percent gradients, most notably in the Los Padres National Forest (LPNF) located in the western portion of the county and the Gabilan Range located along the eastern county boundary.11
These slope changes can make fighting fires extremely difficult.12 Within the City of Monterey, topography and slope is quite variable. Lands along the margin on Monterey Bay tend to be relatively flat but sloped towards the bay. The northern terminus of the Santa Lucia Mountains is the major regional landform that forms the backdrop to the city. Due to slope and access constraints, development within this area tends to be less dense. Steep slopes within the Planning Area tend to be located along stream channels and within the hillside areas.13 Historical Wildfires
Fire history is an important component in understanding fire frequency, fire type, significant ignition sources, and vulnerable areas. The history of wildfires in the county is significant. Since 1911, there has been an average of four wildfires a year, with an average of 17,000 acres burning annually. The Marble-Cone Fire in August 1977 burned almost 178,000 acres of land, making it the largest wildfire in recorded California history at that time. Since the Marble-Cone Fire, Monterey County has had over 50 large wildfires.14 In more recent years the frequency, intensity, and impact of large wildland fires in Monterey County have increased, specifically in the Los Padres National Forest. The Basin Complex Fire, a massive wildfire near Big Sur in 2008, burned more than 162,000 acres, destroyed 58 structures, and damaged an additional nine structures. This fire burned the majority of the Ventana Wilderness. State and federal officials spent more than $120 million to fight the fire, making it the most expensive fire in California history up to that time, and the second most expensive in US history. The Indians Fire during this same event period burned an additional 10 Anthony Leroy Westerling, UC Merced. August 2018. Wildfire Simulations for California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment: Projecting Changes in Extreme Wildfire Events with a Warming Climate. Available:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Projections_CCCA4-CEC-2018-014_ADA.pdf. Accessed : July 19, 2022.
11 Monterey Fire Safe Council. March 2016. Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Available:
http://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/mccwpp_november_2010_v2_signed_updated_appxd_6-3-2019.pdf. 12 Ibid.
13 City of Monterey. July 2004. Draft EIR City of Monterey General Plan Update. Available:
https://monterey.org/city_hall/community_development/planning/land_use_plans.php. 14 County of Monterey. March 2022. County of Monterey Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Available:
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/administrative-office/office-of-emergencyservices/hazard-mitigation/2022-mjhmp.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 554, Packet Page 882 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire

3.15-6 City of Monterey
81,000 acres, leaving 15 structures destroyed and one damaged. These combined events made 2008 the most destructive year in recorded history for fires in Monterey County.15 In December 2013, the Pfeiffer Fire burned 917 acres near Big Sur and damaged or destroyed 38 structures, including 34 residential structures and 4 outbuildings. On July 22, 2016, the Soberanes Fire began as an illegal campfire located in Garrapata State Park in Monterey County. Fed by winds and dry, unmanaged vegetation resulting from several years of extreme drought, the fire quickly spread beyond the park to threaten lives, homes, property, and the environment. It was the costliest firefight in US history, costing a total of $260 million. 2020 was another record year for fires in Monterey County, with the River, Carmel, and Dolan fires burning 48,000, 6,905, and 124,924 acres, respectively. The most known causes of fires in Monterey County since the year 2000, are powerlines (19 percent), other mechanical or electrical equipment (16 percent), vehicles (13 percent), miscellaneous (12 percent), and arson (seven percent). Sometimes the cause of a fire cannot be determined, and this represents another large category, with 11 percent of fires in the County having an unknown cause.16
Wildfire Hazards
Primary responsibility for preventing and suppressing wildland fires in Monterey County is divided between local firefighting agencies and the State of California, Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE). In State Responsibility Areas (SRAs), which are defined according to land ownership, population density, and land use, CAL FIRE has a legal responsibility to provide fire protection. CAL FIRE is not responsible for densely populated areas, incorporated cities, agricultural lands, or federal lands. Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) include incorporated cities and cultivated agriculture lands. In LRAs, fire protection is provided by local fire departments, fire protection districts, counties, or by CAL FIRE under contract to local government. The City of Monterey is currently located in an area identified as a Local Responsibility Area (LRA), which is serviced by the Monterey Fire Department.

Government Code Sections 51175-89 advise CAL FIRE to identify areas, or zones, of very high fire hazard severity potential under the Fire and Resources Assessment Program (FRAP). These zones are mapped and identified based on expected burn probabilities, potential fuels over a 30-to-50- year time period, and their correlated expected fire behavior, to better predict the possible vegetation fire exposure to buildings and developments. Under the FRAP, CAL FIRE categorizes upland areas in the south and southwest of the city as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. Just south of the City limits, a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in an SRA exists (Figure 3.15-2).

REGULATORY SETTING
Federal
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 Senate Bill 743
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires a state-level mitigation plan as a condition of disaster assistance. There are two different levels of state disaster plans: “Standard” and “Enhanced.” States 15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 555, Packet Page 883 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire
City of Monterey 3.15-7
that develop an approved Enhanced State Plan can increase the amount of funding available through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. The Act also established new requirements for local mitigation plans.

National Fire Plan
The National Fire Plan was developed in August 2000, following a historic wildfire season. Its intent is to establish plans for active response to severe wildfires and their impacts on communities while ensuring sufficient firefighting capacity. The plan addresses firefighting, rehabilitation, hazardous fuels reduction, community assistance, and accountability.

State
California Office of Emergency Services (OES)
Under the California Emergency Services Act, the State developed an emergency response plan to coordinate emergency services provided by all governmental agencies. The plan is administered by the California Office of Emergency Services (OES). OES coordinates the responses of other agencies, including EPA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the California Highway Patrol (CHP), regional water quality control boards, air quality management districts, and county disaster response offices. Local emergency response teams, including fire, police, and sheriff’s departments, provide most of the services to protect public health.

OES prepares the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP). The SHMP identifies hazard risks and includes a vulnerability analysis and a hazard mitigation strategy. The SHMP is federally required under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 for the State to receive Federal funding.

The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires a state mitigation plan as a condition of disaster assistance.

California Public Resources Code – State Responsibility Area The California Public Resources Code (PRC) requires the designation of State Responsibility Areas (SRAs), which are identified based on cover, beneficial water uses, probable erosion damage, and fire risks and hazards. The financial responsibility of preventing and suppressing fires in an SRA is primarily the responsibility of the state. Fire protection in areas outside SRAs are the responsibilities of local or federal jurisdictions and are referred to as local responsibility areas and federal responsibility areas, respectively.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 556, Packet Page 884 A§
»A
ÔA
A§
ÔA
A§
A§
ÔA
P a c i f i c O c e a n
Monterey
Regional
Airport
Carmel
By-The-Sea
Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
Village
NSA
Monterey
Beachfront
NSA Naval
Postgraduate
School
NSA
Monterey
Navy School
Annex
Monterey
City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
Fire Hazard Severity Zone
Very High (LRA)
Very High (SRA)
High (SRA)
Moderate
City of Monterey
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.15-2: Fire Hazard Severity Zones
µ
Data Source: Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA, Recommended by CALFIRE, 2007; Fire Hazard Severity Zones in SRA, Adopted by CAL FIRE, 2007; City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

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Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 557, Packet Page 885 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire
City of Monterey 3.15-9
California Public Resources Code Sections 4201–4204
This portion of the PRC, most recently amended by AB 9 in 2021, requires the State Fire Marshal to classify Fire Hazard Severity Zones within SRAs. Lands within SRAs are classified in accordance with the severity of fire hazard present to identify measuresto be used to retard the rate of spreading and reduce the potential intensity of uncontrolled fires that threaten to destroy resources, life, or property.

Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ)
Government Code Section 51178 requires CAL FIRE to identify Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the state. Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall be based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather, and other relevant factors including areas where Santa Ana, Mono, and Diablo winds have been identified by CAL FIRE as a major cause of wildfire spread. Government Code Section 51179 requires a local agency to designate, by ordinance, Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in its jurisdiction. As shown on Figure 3.15-2, there are Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the south and southwest of the Planning Area.

California Board of Forestry
The Board of Forestry maintains fire safe road regulations, as part of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR). This includes requirements for road width, surface treatments, grade, radius, turnarounds, turnouts, structures, driveways, and gate entrances. These regulations are intended to ensure safe access for emergency wildland fire equipment and civilian evacuation.

California Fire and Building Codes (2019)
The California Fire Code is Chapter 9 of CCR Title 24. It establishes the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practices to safeguard public health, safety, and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion, or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structure, and premises, and to provide safety and assistance to firefighters and emergency responders during emergency operations. It is the primary means for authorizing and enforcing procedures and mechanisms to ensure the safe handling and storage of any substance that may pose a threat to public health and safety. The California Fire Code regulates the use, handling, and storage requirements for hazardous materials at fixed facilities. The California Fire Code and the California Building Code (CBC) use a hazard classification system to determine what protective measures are required to protect fire and life safety. These measures may include construction standards, separations from property lines and specialized equipment. To ensure that these safety measures are met, the California Fire Code employs a permit system based on hazard classification.

The provisions of this Code apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such building structures throughout California.

More specifically, the Fire Code is included in Title 24 of the CCR. Title 24, part 9, Chapter 7 addresses fire-resistances-rated construction; CBC (Part 2), Chapter 7A addresses materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure; Fire Code Chapter 8 addresses fire related Interior finishes; Fire Code Chapter 9 addresses fire protection systems; and Fire Code Chapter 10 ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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3.15-10 City of Monterey
addresses fire related means of egress, including fire apparatus access road width requirements. Fire Code Section 4906 also contains existing regulations for vegetation and fuel management to maintain clearances around structures. These requirements establish minimum standards to protect buildings located in Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZs) within SRAs and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Areas. This code includes provisions for ignition-resistant construction standards for new buildings.

Wildland-Urban Interface Building Standards
On September 20, 2007, the Building Standards Commission approved the Office of the State Fire Marshal’s emergency regulations amending the CCR Title 24, Part 2, known as the 2007 CBC. These codes include provisions for ignition-resistant construction standards in the WUI. • Interface zones are areas with dense housing adjacent to vegetation that can burn and meeting the following criteria:
• Housing density class 2 (one house per 20 acres to one house per 5 acres), 3 (more than one house per 5 acres to one house per acre), or 4 (more than one house per acre) • In Moderate, High, or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone • Not dominated by wildland vegetation (i.e., lifeform not herbaceous, hardwood, conifer, or shrub)
• Spatially contiguous groups of 30-meter cells17 that are 10 acres and larger.

Intermix zones are housing development interspersed in an area dominated by wildland vegetation and must meet the following criteria:
• Not interface
• Housing density class 2
• Housing density class 3 or 4, dominated by wildland vegetation • In Moderate, High, or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone • Improved parcels only
• Spatially contiguous groups of 30-meter cells 25 acres and larger Influence zones have wildfire-susceptible vegetation up to 1.5 miles from an interface zone or intermix zone.18
The California Fire Plan
The Strategic Fire Plan for California is the State’s roadmap for reducing the risk of wildfire. The most recent version of the Plan was finalized in August 2018 and directs each CAL FIRE Unit to revise and update its locally-specific Fire Management Plan. These plans assess the fire situation within each of the 21 CAL FIRE units and six contract counties. These plans address wildfire protection areas, initial attack success, assets and infrastructure at risk, pre-fire management strategies, and accountability within their geographical boundaries. 17 Note that “30-meter cells” refers to raster data, and indicates data is presented as 30-meter by 30-meter squares. 18 CAL FIRE 2019b.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 559, Packet Page 887 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire
City of Monterey 3.15-11
State Emergency Plan
The foundation of California’s emergency planning and response is a statewide mutual aid system which is designed to ensure that adequate resources, facilities, and other support is provided to jurisdictions whenever their own resources prove to be inadequate to cope with a given situation.

The California Disaster and Civil Defense Master Mutual Aid Agreement (California Government Code Sections 8555–8561) requires signatories to the agreement to prepare operational plans to use within their jurisdiction, and outside their area. These plans include fire and non-fire emergencies related to natural, technological, and war contingencies. The State of California, all State agencies, all political subdivisions, and all fire districts signed this agreement in 1950.

The “California Emergency Services Act,” in Section 8568 of the California Government Code, states that “the State Emergency Plan shall be in effect in each political subdivision of the state, and the governing body of each political subdivision shall take such action as may be necessary to carry out the provisions thereof.” The Act provides the basic authority for conducting emergency operations following the proclamations of emergencies by the Governor or appropriate local authority, such as a City Manager or County Administrator. The provisions of the Act are further reflected and expanded on by appropriate local emergency ordinances. The Act further describes the function and operations of government at all levels during extraordinary emergencies, including war.

All local emergency plans are extensions of the State of California Emergency Plan. The State Emergency Plan conforms to the requirements of California’s Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), which is the system required by Government Code 8607(a) for managing emergencies involving multiple jurisdictions and agencies. The SEMS incorporates the functions and principles of the Incident Command System (ICS), the Master Mutual Aid Agreement, existing mutual aid systems, the operational area concept, and multi-agency or interagency coordination. Local governments must use SEMS to be eligible for funding of their response-related personnel costs under state disaster assistance programs. The SEMS consists of five organizational levels that are activated as necessary, including: field response, local government, operational area, regional, and state. OES divides the state into several mutual aid regions. The City of Monterey is located in Mutual Aid Region II, which includes Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Sonoma, Lake, Napa, Marin, Solano, Contra Costa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Alameda, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey Counties.

Government Code Sections 65302 and 65302.5, Senate Bill 1241 (Kehoe) of 2012 Senate Bill (SB) 1241 requires cities and counties to address fire risk in SRAs and Very High FHSZs in the safety element of their general plans. The bill also amended CEQA to direct amendments to the CEQA Guidelines Appendix G environmental checklist to include questions related to fire hazard impacts for projects located in or near lands classified as SRAs and Very High FHSZs. In adopting these Guidelines amendments, the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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3.15-12 City of Monterey
recognized that generally, low-density, leapfrog development may create higher wildfire risks than high-density, infill development.19
California Public Utilities Commission General Order 166 General Order 166 Standard 1.E requires that investor-owned utilities (IOU) develop a Fire Prevention Plan which describes measures that the electric utility will implement to mitigate the threat of power-line fires generally. Additionally, this standard requires that IOUs outline a plan to mitigate power line fires when wind conditions exceed the structural de-sign standards of the line during a Red Flag Warning in a high fire threat area. Fire Prevention Plans created by IOUs are required to identify specific parts of the utility’s service territory where the conditions described above may occur simultaneously. Standard 11 requires that utilities report annually to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) regarding compliance with General Order 166. In compliance with Standard 1.E of this General Order, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) adopted a 2022 Wildfire Mitigation Plan Update dated February 25, 2022. PG&E developed a High Fire Risk Area (HFRA) map that designates steeper areas of Monterey as a Tier 2 High Fire Threat Districts (HFTD).

Tier 2 and Tier 3 HFTDs are intended to identify areas where stricter fire-safety regulations are to be applied from wildfires associated with overhead utility power lines and overhead utility power-line facilities.

Regional
Monterey, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Pacific Grove Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) The Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) for the Cities of Monterey, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Pacific Grove serves as a fire protection planning document that presents the community’s physical characteristics, wildfire hazard, assets at risk from wildfire, wildfire risk reduction approaches, vegetation/fuel management projects, and goals and action items intended to reduce wildfire risk in the Plan Area. The CWPP was published in November 2023 and was developed by the Monterey Fire Department (MFD), in coordination with the Cities of Monterey, Carmel-bythe-Sea, and Pacific Grove, with input and direction from interested parties, agency representatives, and community members. The purpose of the Monterey, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Pacific Grove CWPP is to reduce the severity and impact of wildfires and increase community resilience.

Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) The Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) provides a science-based assessment of wildfire hazards and threats to homes in the wildland urban interface (WUI) of Monterey County, California. The Monterey County CWPP was published in 2010 and updated in 2023. This Monterey County CWPP was developed through a collaborative process involving the Monterey Fire Safe Council (MFSC), with input from (CAL FIRE), the United States Forest Service (USFS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and other stakeholders, including community members, forest and rangeland property owners, local fire agencies within State Responsibility Area (SRA), and other interested parties. The purpose of the Monterey County CWPP is to provide fire agencies, land managers, and other stakeholders in Monterey County with guidance and strategies 19 “Leapfrog development” describes the construction of new development at a distance from existing developed areas, with undeveloped land between the existing and new development.

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to reduce fire hazard and the risk of catastrophic wildfires in the WUI, while promoting the protection and enhancement of the county’s economic assets and ecological resources. 20 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) The 2022 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) defines measures to reduce risks from natural disasters in the Monterey County Operational Area, which consists of the entire county, including unincorporated areas, incorporated cities, and special purpose districts. The plan complies with federal and State hazard mitigation planning requirements to establish eligibility for funding under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) grant programs for all planning partners.21
County of Monterey Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) The 2020 County’s Emergency Operations Plan is a guidebook for the Monterey County Operational Area (OA) to utilize during phases of an all-hazards emergency management process which include preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. The EOP is intended to facilitate coordination between agencies and jurisdictions within Monterey County while ensuring the protection of life, property, and the environment during disasters. In accordance with California’s Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), this Plan provides the framework for a coordinated effort between partners and provides stability and coordination during a disaster.22 Local
City of Monterey General Plan 2005 (General Plan)
The City of Monterey General Plan (General Plan) includes the following goals and policies associated with wildfire:

Public Facilities Element
Goal c: Maintain facilities to provide a cost-effective, high level of fire protection service.

Policy c.1: Require built-in fire protection for new and existing structures to minimize the need for additional fire facilities.
20 Fire Safe Council For Monterey County. July 27, 2023. Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan.

Available: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MAzsPWnXuzrh4uiFTbw6k9TdTwLm8lfX/view?usp=sharing. Accessed:

January 18, 2024
21 County of Monterey. February 2022. Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Available:
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/administrative-office/office-of-emergencyservices/hazard-mitigation/2022-mjhmp. Accessed: January 18, 2024. 22 County of Monterey Operational Area. November 2020. Emergency Operations Plan. Available:
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/home/showpublisheddocument/114295/637961619301000000. Accessed: January 18, 2024
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Policy c.2: Identify cost-effective fire station locations, using contractual or automatic aid agreements.

Policy c.3: Continue to monitor and evaluate the need for a new fire station to serve the Monterey-Salinas Highway (68) and Ryan Ranch areas. Explore opportunities to co-locate at the airport’s fire station to provide this additional service.

Policy c.4: Provide for adequate fire facilities through capital funding.

Policy c.5: Develop a plan to upgrade or replace the fire administration building.

Monterey City Code
The Monterey City Code adopts the California Building Code (Chapter 9, Article 1) and Fire Code (Chapter 13, Article 1), which contain fire safety standardsthat development in the city must adhere to. These standards are consistent with what is required in the State codes and use a hazard classification system to determine what protective measures are required to protect fire and life safety. These measures may include construction standards, separations from property lines, and specialized equipment. Chapter 18, Article 3 also allows the City Council to designate underground utility districts when the public health or safety requires the removal of poles and overhead wires and associated overhead structures from the public streets, alleys or ways, within designated areas of the city. Chapter 18, Article 3 also requires the underground installation of wires and facilities for supplying electric, communication or similar or associated service. Chapter 33, Article 2 allows the Planning Commission to designate land as “hillside areas” where additional hillside improvements may be established by City Council (Sec 33-10). Chapter 31.5, Article 2, Urban Storm Water Quality Management and Discharge Control Ordinance, requires implementation of storm water and sediment controls. Lastly, Monterey City Code Chapter 9, Article 7, provides standards of construction to protect human life and health as well as minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions.

Impact Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
For the purposes of this EIR, a significant impact would occur if the Proposed Plan would:

Criterion 1: Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan;
Criterion 2: Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire;
Criterion 3: Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment; or
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Criterion 4: Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes.

ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODOLOGY
Impacts related to wildfire hazards and risks were evaluated through a review of FHSZ mapping for the Planning Area and research prepared in compliance with federal, State, and local laws, regulations and professional standards pertaining to wildfire. In addition, impacts related to evacuation were assessed using an evacuation route capacity analysis for the City of Monterey General Plan Update prepared by Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. See Appendix H for the full Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment Report. CEQA does not generally require an agency to consider the effects of existing environmental conditions on a project’s future users or residents.

Consequently, impacts under the thresholds identified below would only be considered significant if the Proposed Plan risks exacerbating those existing environmental conditions.

RELEVANT PROPOSED GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Plan contains the following goals and policies relevant to wildfire. The full text of proposed Housing Element programs is included in Appendix B for reference:

Housing Element
Housing Goal #1. Increase housing supply and facilitate production of at least 3,654 new homes by 2031.

Policy 1.5 Promote development of a variety of housing types, sizes, and densities that meet community needs based on the suitability of the land, including the availability of infrastructure, the provision of adequate services, and recognition of environmental constraints.

Circulation Element
Policy h.6 Incorporate the five E’s of safety (Education, Engineering, Enforcement, Emergency Response, and Emerging Technology) when addressing safety concerns.

Policy j.9 Protect emergency evacuation routes.

Policy j.10 Maintain capacity on principal arterials to support emergency evacuation.

Safety Element
Policy A.21. Work to prevent wildland fire and to protect lives, property, and watersheds from fire dangers.

Policy A.22. Jointly with State, County, local and other agencies, inform property owners of wildfire risks and measures to reduce those risks, including by:

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• Maintaining and making publicly available an up-to-date a map of high and very high fire hazard areas, consistent with CAL FIRE designations; and • Disseminating information on fire weather watches and fire risks via the City's website and encouraging all Monterey residents to engage in risk reduction and fire preparedness activities.

Policy A.23. Maintain regulations and standards designed to achieve the greatest practical level of built-in fire protection to confine fires.

Policy A.24. Avoid, where feasible, locating new development in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ). If avoidance is not feasible, condition such new development on implementation of measures to reduce risks associated with that development.

Policy A.25. Require new development in Very High FHSZs to prepare a Fire Protection Plan that minimizes risks by:
• Assessing site-specific characteristics such as topography, slope, vegetation type, wind patterns etc.;
• Siting and designing development to avoid hazardous locations (eg. through fire breaks) to the extent feasible;
• Incorporating fuel modification and brush clearance techniques in accordance with applicable fire safety requirements and carried out in a manner which reduces impacts to environmentally sensitive habitat to the maximum feasible extent; • Using appropriate fire-safe building materials and design features, consistent with the adopted City Code and Fire and Building Code standards to ensure the minimum amount of required fuel modification; and
• Using fire-retardant, native plant species in landscaping; and • Complying with established standards and specifications for fuel modification, defensible space, access, and water facilities.

Policy A.26. Require that all new development located in a Very High FHSZs or a State Responsibility Area (SRA) be served by adequate infrastructure, including safe access for emergency response vehicles, visible street signs, and water supplies for fire suppression.

Policy A.27. Require new development in Very High FHSZs to enter into a long-term maintenance agreement for vegetation management in defensible space, fuel breaks, and roadside fuel reduction.

Policy A.28. Continue to require proactive weed abatement and, brush thinning, and removal services on new and existing development in High and Very High FHSZs in order to curb potential fire hazards.

Policy A.29. To facilitate the orderly evacuation of residential areas within the Very High FHSZs, maintain minimum standards for roadway design, maintenance, and vegetation management.

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Policy A.30. Cooperate with the CAL FIRE and Monterey County Regional Fire District to ensure that all portions of the Planning Area are served and accessible within an effective response time and to address regional wildfire threats.

Policy A.31. Coordinate with the California-American Water Company and the Marina Coast Water District to ensure that those agencies plan for an adequate and sustainable water supply to meet fire suppression needs within the planning area over the long term.

Policy A.32. Work with responsible agencies and nongovernmental organizations to plan for post-fire recovery in a manner that reduces further losses or damages from future fires.

Policy A.33. Adopt and implement the Community Wildfire Protection Plan to guide the restoration and maintenance of landscapes, promote fire-adapted communities, and strengthen response to wildfire.

Goal B: Provide effective emergency response to disasters and emergencies.

Policy B.1: Use the adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and Emergency Operations Plan to guide actions and investments for emergency preparedness and response.

Policy B.2: Maintain area-wide mutual aid agreements and communication links with partner agencies and other participating jurisdictions.

Policy B.3: Maintain and periodically update the Emergency Operations Plan to effectively prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of natural or human caused disasters that require the planned, coordinated response of multiple agencies or jurisdictions.

Policy B.4: Partner with Caltrans and neighboring jurisdictions on measures to protect critical evacuation routes such as Highway 1 and Highway 68 and to develop contingency plans for operations when these and other roads are inoperable due to flooding or wildfire.

Policy B.5: Coordinate with Caltrans to identify and implement measures to temporarily increase capacity at highway ramps during emergency evacuation events. Measures may include optimizing adaptive signal systems, placing traffic cones to accommodate a higher volume of evacuating vehicles, providing real-time traffic safety and guidance information via changeable message sign (CMS) boards, and other strategies.

Policy B.6: Install clear and comprehensive signage and wayfinding to facilitate smoother traffic flow and direct residents and visitors effectively to evacuation routes.

Policy B.7: Study the feasibility of deploying dynamic message signs, roadway sensors, and other Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) tools to disseminate real-time traffic conditions, alternative routes, and delays to drivers, enhancing situational awareness and decision-making.

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Policy B.8: Ensure road surfaces on City-designated evacuation routes can withstand extreme weather conditions and are maintained to accommodate increased traffic during evacuations.

Policy B.9: Require new residential subdivisions to have at least two ingress and egress routes that account for existing and proposed traffic evacuation volumes at buildout.

Policy B.10: Explore secondary means of ingress and egress in areas with existing evacuation constraints, as shown in Map 18, Evacuation Constrained Residential Parcels.

Policy B.11: Provide information on and build community awareness of major evacuation routes and notification systems used for emergency alerts to residents and businesses in Monterey.

Policy B.12: Use the countywide alert and early warning system to notify residents by phone, text, or email of extreme weather conditions and/or the need to evacuate in the event of emergency. The system should also be used to broadcast the location of evacuation centers, particularly for residents of vulnerable areas and neighborhoods with constrained emergency access.

Policy B.13. Develop an evacuation assistance program, in coordination with MontereySalinas Transit/ADA paratransit (RIDES) to help those with limited mobility or lack of access to a vehicle evacuate safely.

Goal C: Build community resilience to natural disasters and the effects of climate change.

Policy C.7: Promote community awareness and understanding of threat hazards, disaster response, and steps that can be taken to reduce personal risk by:
• Disseminating information in multiple languages and formats to reach all segments of the community;
• Providing emergency preparedness and emergency alert information through social media, traditional media, community fairs, and direct information to neighborhood associations, residents, service clubs, and other organizations; and • Conducting educational seminars or evacuation practice events to enhance preparedness and response.

Policy C.8: Train City staff in emergency preparedness and response by maintaining updated emergency plans, conducting regular emergency and disaster preparedness exercises, testing operational and emergency plans, and coordinating efforts with the County of Monterey’s Emergency Management Department.

Policy C.9: Identify a network of resilience hubs, such as the library, community centers, and other City facilities throughout Monterey, to serve as central points for gathering, sharing information, and accessing resources in the event of a natural or human-made disaster. Resilience hubs should be situated away from areas at risk of hazard impacts to ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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the extent possible, located in easily accessible locations, and equipped with backup power supplies.

Policy C.10: Create neighborhood-level resilience plans to improve initial emergency response, subsequent recovery, and ongoing self-sufficiency throughout the city.

Policy C.11: Expand the Community Emergency Response Training (CERT) program to address community and neighborhood preparedness for climate impacts. Pilot implementation of the updated program in areas with populations most vulnerable to climate impacts.

Policy C.12: Coordinate with Monterey-Salinas Transit to identify alternative routes and stops if normal route infrastructure is damaged or closed due to severe weather.

Goal d. Provide responsive police and fire services that support a safe and se-cure environment for people and property.

Policy D.7: Work with the California-American Water Company (Cal-Am) and the Marina Coast Water District (MCWD) to ensure adequate water pressure for fire-fighting and require that water systems serving new development be designed to meet fire flow requirements.

IMPACTS
Impact 3.15-1 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. (Significant and Unavoidable)
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would substantially impair implementation of the County of Monterey Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP), the County of Monterey Emergency Operations Plan (OEP), or the Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), which guide emergency evacuation and response operations within the Planning Area.

Adopted in 2022, the County of Monterey Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) was created to reduce the risk to life and property in Monterey County in an efficient and effective manner by decreasing the long-term vulnerability from hazards through coordinated planning, partnerships, capacity building, and implementation of effective risk reduction measures. Though emergency preparedness and response activities do not always fall under hazard mitigation, the MJHMP recognizes reducing the risk to life and property posed by the hazards as an important objective. The MJHMP is built around 10 goals, two of which relate directly to emergency response:
• Goal #3: Build and support capacity to enable local government and the public to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impact of natural hazards. • Goal #6: Inform the public on the risk from hazards of concern and increase awareness, preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery activities to promote public safety.

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To implement these goals, the City of Monterey jurisdictional annex to the MJHMP includes specific actions that the City will implement to facilitate emergency evacuation and response, including in the event of wildfire. Action #1 involves developing a sustained audience-specific public outreach program that encourages consistent hazard mitigation content and improves public awareness and knowledge regarding all types of hazards, preparedness, and mitigation measures. Audiences include the elderly, children, tourists, non-English speaking residents, and home and business owners. Action #5 involves updating the Community Wildfire Protection Plan and implement recommended strategies.

The County of Monterey Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) describes the Operational Area’s emergency organization; roles, responsibilities, and authorities; response and recovery; effective mobilization of all the resources of the County, both public and private, to meet any condition constituting a local emergency, including a wildfire. The Monterey County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) by MFSC outlines existing evacuation procedures and provides associated recommendations, such as funding emergency ingress and egress routes and reducing fuel loads along access roads to provide safe access for fire personnel and resident evacuation.

Figure 3.15-3 shows the principal emergency evacuation routes and other roadways providing access to them. In the event of a natural hazard, the main evacuation routes used in the City of Monterey include Highway 1, Highway 68, Munras Avenue, and Fremont Street. Implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in up to 5,800 new homes and 1,995 new jobs in Monterey by 2031. Additional residents and employees in the city would increase traffic volumes on evacuation routes and access roads, potentially impacting emergency evacuation capacity. However, an evacuation route capacity analysis conducted by Kimley-Horn and Associates for the Proposed Plan concluded that, on a systemwide basis, roadways in the planning area would have adequate capacity for an evacuation. The analysis provides an assessment of roadway capacity based on a single, multi-hazard evacuation scenario, which represents a worst-case situation involving wildfire in the VHFHSZ west of Highway 1 and flooding in the 100-year flood hazard area on Del Monte Ave, Camino El Estero, and Camino Aguajito. The analysis assumed a short evacuation notice, issued abruptly early in an off-peak when all residents are at home and evacuation demand traffic would be at its highest. Under these conditions, evacuation-induced traffic volumes largely remained below the capacity within the evacuation zones and their immediate vicinities. The analysis found that the roads have an overall capacity of 9,300, and the evacuation demand would be 3,706 vehicles. Further, the analysis concluded that upon accessing the primary evacuation routes, the traffic conditions would be favorable, with sufficient capacity to facilitate a smooth evacuation.

The Proposed Plan also includes an array of policies that would enhance community preparedness and strengthen emergency response to wildfires which are listed above. Policies that specifically strengthen community wildfire preparedness include A.22 which disseminates fire weather information, A.24 through A.29 which require development standards in Very High FHSZs, A.30 through A.32 which require coordination with regional agencies for preparedness, and C.7 through C.12 which build community resilience to natural disasters through education. In addition, several Safety Element policies ensure effective emergency response to disasters and emergencies. Policies B.1 through B.3 require compliance with adopted emergency operation plans; policies B.4 and B.5 require coordination with Caltrans to protect and increase capacity of critical evacuation routes; policies B.6, B.7, B.11, and B.12 explore enhancing signage and building community awareness of ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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evacuation routes; and policies B.8 through B.10 ensure sufficient road conditions and means of ingress and egress. These policies would support and enhance the implementation of the MJHMP, OEP, and CWPP.

Even so, the analysis concluded that under this multi-hazard evacuation scenario, traffic volumes would surpass capacity as traffic approaches Highway 1 at two locations in the network: the interchange of Fremont Street-Highway 1, where the volume to capacity ratio (v/c) would be 1.2, and at the Soledad Drive-Highway 1 approach, where the v/c ratio would be 1.1. This is a potentially significant impact; therefore mitigation measure MM-WF-1, which involves measures to temporarily increase capacity at constrained locations and proactively manage vehicle flow, is required to reduce this impact to a less than significant level.

However, the highway onramps are part of the State transportation network, under the jurisdiction of Caltrans. Caltrans does not currently have a plan or funding in place to temporarily increase capacity at constrained locations and implementation of this mitigation measure is beyond the control of the City. As such, it cannot be determined at this time whether the impact will in fact be mitigated to a less than significant level. Therefore, overall this impact is considered significant and unavoidable.

Mitigation Measures
MM-WF-1 The following measures shall be implemented to increase capacity and improve vehicle flow at locations projected to have a high volume-to-capacity ratio in the event of an emergency evacuation:
• Mitigate congestion and delay at the interchanges of Fremont Street-Highway 1 and Soledad Drive-Highway 1 by temporarily widening highway ramps by placing traffic cones to indicate two lanes to accommodate a higher volume of evacuating vehicles.
• Deploy adaptive traffic signal control systems that dynamically respond to realtime traffic conditions at the Fremont Street-Highway 1 interchange, giving priority to evacuation traffic and improving the efficiency of traffic flow during emergencies.

Significance after mitigation: Less than Significant
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Carmel
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Sand
City
Seaside
Pacific Grove
Del Rey Oaks
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
Harbor
Jacks
Ballpark
Oak Newton Park Hilltop Park
And Center
Via
Paraiso
Park
Ryan Ranch
Community Park
Quarry
Park
San Carlos
Beach Park
Soldier
Field
Larkin School Park
Veterans
Memorial Park Huckleberry
Hill Nature
Preserve
Don Dahvee Park
Iris
Canyon
Park
Del Monte
Beach
Monterey
State Beach
Fisherman's
Flat Greenbelt
El Estero
Park
Old Capitol Site
W Franklin St Tyler St
Prescott Ave
Fairground Rd
Ragsdale D r
Abrego St
Cam
Aguajito
Casa Verde Way N Fremont St
Montecito Ave
Garden Rd
El Dorado St
Mark Thomas Dr
Upper Ragsdale Dr
Fremont St
Glenwood Cir
Sc en icD r
Lighthouse Ave
Aguajito Rd
Munras Ave
Pacific St
Mar Vista
Del Monte Ave
S Boundary Rd
SkylineDr
NSA Monterey Pines
Golf Course
US Army
Presidio of
Monterey
NSA Monterey
La Mesa
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NSA Naval
Postgraduate
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City Hall
0 ¼ ½ 1
Miles
Evacuation Routes*
Access to Evacuation Routes
City of Monterey
Military Facilities
Parks and Recreation
Water
Figure 3.15-3: Evacuation Routes
µ
* Evacuation Plan 1: Highway 1 Northbound
Evacuation Plan 2: Highway 68 Eastbound (Garden Road or Aguajito Road access to Hwy 68)
Evacuation Plan 3: Highway 1 Southbound to Carmel Valley Road Evacuation Plan 4: Highway 1 Southbound to Cambria
Data Source: City of Monterey, 2022; Monterey County GIS, 2022; Dyett & Bhatia, 2022.

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Impact 3.15-2 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire. (Less than Significant)
As shown in Figure 3.15-2, upland areas in the south and southwest of Monterey are in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) as mapped by CAL FIRE. Within these areas, there is forest and chaparral vegetation that is highly flammable. These areas also contain moderate to steep slope and can become extremely dry during the summer months, which also contributes to wildfire risk.

In Monterey, existing low density single family residential development occurs throughout the VHFHSZ.

As noted in the Attorney General’s report, Best Practices for Analyzing and Mitigating Wildfire Impacts of Development Projects Under the California Environmental Quality Act, fire spread and structure loss is more likely to occur in low- to intermediate-intensity developments in high fire risk areas. The Proposed Plan would largely involve the development of high density/intensity development in key opportunity areas that are not contained within VHFHSZ and other areas of elevated wildfire risk. As such the location and type of development would generally be less likely to foment fire spread and structure loss. However, the Proposed Plan would involve some smaller scale residential developments and ADUs in the southwestern portion of the city, and residential development on the 50-acre MPUSD site south of Highway 68 and Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch area that would be adjacent to VHFHSZs in the SRA. Given that the Project proposes development in this area and the extent of which VHFHSZs exist in and around Monterey, buildout of the Proposed Plan could increase the risk of loss and damage due to wildfire, resulting in potentially significant impacts.

However, all new construction under the Proposed Plan would be subject to the California Fire Code, which include safety measures to minimize the threat of fire, including ignition-resistant construction with exterior walls of noncombustible or ignition resistant material from the surface of the ground to the roof system and sealing any gaps around doors, windows, eaves, and vents to prevent intrusion by flame or embers. Construction would also be required to meet CBC requirements, including CCR Title 24, Part 2, which includes specific requirements related to exterior wildfire exposure. The Board of Forestry, via CCR Title 14, sets forth the minimum development standards for emergency access, fuel modification, setback, signage, and water supply, which help prevent loss of structures or life by reducing wildfire hazards. The codes and regulations would reduce the risk of loss, injury, or death from wildfire for new developments under the Proposed Plan.

Further, except for Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch, development under the Proposed Plan would largely occur on sites where existing water distribution mains are located. Developments pursuant to the Proposed Plan without existing utility connections would be required to install new water mains within the street network to serve fire and domestic water needs. Water mains would be installed by the water provider and laterals connecting to the mains would be installed by the developer/property owner. Final sizing of any particular line will be subject to modeling of the system that must rely on water use parameters of any particular project or group of projects once those details are known. In addition, Monterey City Code Section 33-35 requires the subdivider to install water mains of the proper size to give the required fire flow as well as fire hydrants of a type ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
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and size as approved by the Fire Department. See also Draft EIR Section 3.14: Utilities and Service Systems for more information regarding water supply and infrastructure improvements. Further, through implementation of Policy d.7. in the General Plan Safety Element, the City will work with Cal-Am and Marina Coast Water District to ensure adequate water pressure for firefighting.

Adherence to these codes and regulations would reduce the risk of loss, injury, or death from wildfire for new developments encouraged by the Proposed Plan.

As such, compliance with existing State and local codes, plans, and regulations would reduce impacts to the maximum extent practicable and, therefore, impacts related to exacerbated wildfire risks, increased exposure to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire, and uncontrolled spread of wildfire resulting from implementation of the Proposed Plan would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

Impact 3.15-3 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment. (Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated)
As noted above, implementation of the Proposed Plan would focus growth largely in key opportunity areas and on previously developed sites served by existing roadway and utility infrastructure and generally removed from areas of elevated wildfire risk. However, in certain areas, including the 50-acre MPUSD site south of Highway 68 and in the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch area, new and expanded road and utility infrastructure would be needed to support anticipated development.

Neither of these locations is within a Very High, High or Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zone, although the 50-acre MPUSD site and the southern portion of the Fort Ord/Ryan Ranch both abut VHFHSZs in the SRA. Nonetheless, the installation and operation of road and utility infrastructure could result in a potentially significant exacerbation of wildfire risk.

As described above, compliance with existing State regulations, including Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations and the California Fire and Building Codes, would help reduce wildfire risks from new development. Additional Proposed Plan policies to help reduce infrastructure-related wildfire risk include policies related to vegetation management, roadside fuel reduction, fuel breaks, water supply for fire suppression, and fire protection plans for new development. Implementation of these policies would reduce the potential for wildfire ignition from the operation of construction equipment or vehicles traveling on roadways in the area. Further, Chapter 18, Article 3 of the Monterey City Code allows for the City Council to designate underground utility districts when public necessity, health, or safety requires the removal of poles and overhead wires and associated overhead structures within designated areas of the city. Designating underground utility districts adjacent to the VHFHSZs in the SRA would reduce the potential for wildfire ignition from power lines; however, as such districts have not yet been designated in these areas, it cannot be said with certainty that new power lines would be installed underground, and impacts related to the installation or maintenance of electrical utility infrastructure would be potentially significant.

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Chapter 3.15: Wildfire
City of Monterey 3.15-25
Therefore, the mitigation measure MM-WF-2, which would involve the creation of an underground utility district to require the under grounding of electrical utility lines within portions of the Highway 68 Area Plan and the Fort Ord Reuse Area adjacent to a VHFHSZ, is required.

As such, compliance with existing State and local regulations and implementation of Proposed Plan policies and mitigation Measure MM-WF-2 would reduce impacts related wildfire risks from the installation and operation of infrastructure to a less-than-significant level.

Mitigation Measures
MM WF-2: The City shall adopt an underground utility district applicable to areas within the Highway 68 Area Plan and the Fort Ord Reuse Area that are identified on Map 3-14 Sites Available for Housing of the Housing Element and that are both adjacent to and within 1,000 linear feet of a VHFHSZ designated by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. The underground utility district shall require that all new electrical poles, overhead wires, and associated overhead structures be installed underground in order to reduce wildfire risks and promote public safety.

Significance after mitigation: Less than Significant
Impact 3.15-4 Implementation of the Proposed Plan would not expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes. (Less than Significant) The City of Monterey is located between the California coastline and the central ridge of wooded hills in the Santa Lucia Mountains. The southern portion of the planning area contains forested hills and steep terrain. There are pockets of landslide susceptibility throughout the upland areas in the south and southwest of the city, with an area of high landslide susceptibility in the hills near Fisherman's Flats Greenbelt. The risk of landslides in the hilly terrain could be exacerbated if existing vegetation is substantially removed during a wildfire event.

In 2020, the Resource Conservation District of Monterey County (RCDMC) was awarded the CALFIRE Fire Prevention grant for the Carmel Valley Fuelbreak Project. This project covers approximately 403 acres across Carmel Valley to re-establish and strengthen strategic fuel breaks and help implement community fuels treatments in critical neighborhoods of the WUI zones in the county, including areas along the southern border of the Planning Area which contain forested ridgelines. Fuels reduction work under this program is expected to be completed. The fuel break project, anticipated for completion by Winter/Spring 2024, will create and maintain a continuous reduced-fuel and forest-health-restoration zone intended not only to reduce wildfire intensity and rate of spread as well as to provide strategic and safer locations for firefighters and emergency personnel, but also to limit the potential for subsequent slope instability in the forested foothills.

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Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 574, Packet Page 902 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.15: Wildfire

3.15-26 City of Monterey
While there are no housing opportunity sites identified in high landslide susceptibility areas in the city, implementation of the Housing Element would permit development in and downslope from moderate landslide susceptibility areas, and as such, could expose people and structure to risk in the event of flooding or landslides following a wildfire event. However, as described in Section 3.7 (Geology and Soils) of this Draft EIR, development in areas of steeper terrain under the Proposed Plan would be required to comply with the provisions of the Monterey City Code as well as with NPDES stormwater requirements for erosion control. Monterey City Code Section 33-10 allows the Planning Commission to designate land as “hillside areas” and enforce hillside improvement standards as established by the City Council. Further, the provisions of Chapter 31.5, Article 2 of the Monterey City Code require implementation of stormwater and sediment controls.

Therefore, the risk of loss or damage in downstream areas due to landslides and downstream flooding would be reduced to the maximum extent practicable with compliance with existing regulations related to hillside construction, stormwater management, and flood and erosion control.

Accordingly, impacts related to post-fire hazards would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
None required.

ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 575, Packet Page 903 City of Monterey 3.16-1

3.16 Effects Found Not to be Significant
CEQA Guidelines Section 15082 allows lead agencies to narrow the scope of the EIR based on the scoping process. A Notice of Preparation (NOP) of an EIR for the Proposed Plan was prepared and circulated for public review between August 2, 2023, and September 4, 2023. The NOP identified certain impacts for which there is no likelihood of a significant impact due to the location and characteristics of the Planning Area. This chapter provides a brief description of these effects found not to be significant, based, in part, on the NOP evaluation, NOP comments, and/or more detailed analysis conducted as part of the EIR preparation process. There were no NOP comments related to the topics covered in this section.

Forest Resources
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in one or more of the following:

Criterion 1: Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g)); or
Criterion 2: Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use.

Forest land is defined as land that can support ten-percent native tree cover of any species, including hardwoods, under natural conditions, and that allows for management of one or more forest resources, including timber, aesthetics, fish and wildlife, biodiversity, water quality, recreation, and other public benefits (Public Resources Code Section 12220[g]).1 Timberland is defined as land, other than land owned by the federal government and land designated by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection as experimental forest land, which is available for, and capable of, growing a crop of trees of a commercial species used to produce lumber and other forest products, including Christmas trees (Public Resources Code Section 4526). Timberland Production Zone designates an area which has been zoned pursuant to Section 51112 or 51113 and is devoted to and used for growing and harvesting timber, or for growing and harvesting timber and compatible uses (Government Code section 51104[g]).
1 California Public Resources Code, Division 4, Part 2.5 Forest Resources, Avaliable:
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=PRC&division=4.&title=&part=2.5.&chap ter=1.&article=, Accessed: November 21, 2023.

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Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 576, Packet Page 904 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 3.16: Effects found Not to be Significant

3.16-2 City of Monterey
There is no land within the City limit that is designated or zoned as forest land, timberland, or timberland production. While portions of the Planning Area support tree cover, these lands are generally designated as open space on the General Plan Land Use Map and urban development is not permitted within the open space land use designation. Some land within the Highway 68 Area Plan boundaries, including Tarpey Flats and the 50-acre MPUSD site, may meet the definition of forest land; however, these lands are adjacent to urban uses and are not managed for forest resources or used for commercial timber production, and therefore do not meet the Public Resources Code Section 12220[g] definition of Forest land. Therefore, overall, the Proposed Plan would have no impact on forest resources.

Mineral Resources
A significant impact would occur if implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in one or more of the following:

Criterion 1: Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state; or
Criterion 2: Result in the loss of availability of a locally-important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or other land use plan.

The California Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) of 1975 requires the classification of land into Mineral Resources Zones (MRZs) according to known or inferred mineral potential of that area. The only area in Monterey County designated as an area of identified mineral resource significance, is in the vicinity of Marina, Sand City and Seaside.2 Additionally, there are no mineral resource recovery sites within the Planning Area. The closest active mining site is the Fan Shell Beach Silica Mine in Del Monte Forest, approximately 3.5 miles to the southwest of the city.3 As such the Proposed Plan would not result in the loss of availability of either a known mineral resource deposit or a locally important mineral resource recovery site and there would be no associated impact.
2 Monterey County General Plan EIR. 2004. Avaliable: https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-ah/housing-community-development/planning-services/current-planning/general-info/2010-monterey-countygeneral-plan-adopted-october-26-2010/draft-environmental-impact-report-deir. Accessed: December 20, 2023. 3 Mining In Monterey County, California. 2023. Avaliable: https://thediggings.com/usa/california/monterey-ca053.

Accessed: December 20, 2023.

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Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 577, Packet Page 905 City of Monterey 4-1
4 Alternatives Analysis
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) mandates consideration and analysis of alternatives to the Proposed Plan. According to CEQA Guidelines, the range of alternatives “shall include those that could feasibly accomplish most of the basic purposes of the project and could avoid or substantially lessen one or more of the significant impacts” (CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6 (d) (2)). Accordingly, the following discussion is intended to inform the public and decision makers of the feasible alternatives that would avoid or substantially lessen significant effects of the Proposed Plan, and to compare such alternatives to the Proposed Plan. As required under CEQA, the discussion includes an evaluation of the No Project Alternative to allow decisionmakers to compare the impacts of approving the Proposed Plan against the impacts of not approving it.

Case law provides that the discussion of alternatives need not be exhaustive and that alternatives be subject to a rule of reason. The impacts of the alternatives may be discussed “in less detail than the significant effects of the project proposed” (CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6 (d)). Additionally, the CEQA Guidelines permit analysis of alternatives at a less detailed level for programmatic or plan-level EIRs than what is required for project EIRs. The CEQA Guidelines do not specify what constitutes an adequate level of detail, though they require that an EIR provide sufficient information to allow meaningful evaluation, analysis, and comparison of each alternative. CEQA Guidelines require that this analysis identify the environmentally superior alternative among those analyzed. Quantified information on the alternatives is presented where available; however, in some cases only partial quantification can be provided because of data or analytical limitations.

BACKGROUND
The Proposed Plan is a targeted update to the Housing, Land Use, Safety, and Circulation Elements of the City of Monterey General Plan (adopted in 2005) intended to respond to emerging issues and new State laws and guide development and conservation within the Planning Area through 2031. The Proposed Plan, which establishes a long-range planning framework and policies, would fully replace the existing Housing, Land Use, Safety, and Circulation Elements of the General Plan if adopted by the City Council. Although the Proposed Plan does not specify or anticipate when buildout of individual development projects pursuant to the Plan will occur, a horizon year of 2031 is assumed for planning purposes.

State law requires the EIR to set forth the alternatives necessary to permit a reasoned choice that would avoid or substantially lessen any significant effects and feasibly attain most of the project objectives, described in Chapter 2, Project Description, of this Draft. As discussed in Chapter 3.1 through 3.16 of this Draft EIR, implementation of the Proposed Plan would result in significant ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 578, Packet Page 906 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 4: Alternatives Analysis
4-2 City of Monterey
and unavoidable impacts related to agricultural resources (Impact 3.2-3), air quality (Impacts 3.3- 1, 3.3-2, and 3.3-3), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Impacts 3.6-1 and 3.6-2), transportation (Impact 3.13-2), and utilities (Impacts 3.14-1 and 3.14-2). Therefore, three alternatives to the Proposed Plan that could potentially avoid or substantially reduce these significant impacts are analyzed in this chapter: a No Project Alternative, a Relocated Housing Growth Alternative, and Increased Workforce Housing Alternative. Descriptions of each alternative and their impacts are provided below. A Reduced Development Alternative was also considered; however, for reasons discussed in Section 4.2, below, this Alternative was determined to be infeasible and therefore is not analyzed in detail.

4.1 Alternatives Analyzed in This EIR

NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE
Consistent with Section 15126.6(e)(2) of the CEQA Guidelines, the No Project Alternative represents what would be reasonably expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the Proposed Plan were not adopted and the City’s current 2005 General Plan, including the 2015-2013 Housing Element, was left unchanged and in use. This Alternative would retain all current land use designations and policies from the 2005 General Plan as amended to date. There would be no changes to the current General Plan Land Use map, no new Mixed Use Neighborhood land use designation, and no new Airport Compatibility Overlay. Strategies to facilitate and incentivize housing development as needed to meet the City's assessed share of the regional housing need would not be implemented and policies related to land use, safety, and circulation would also remain unchanged.

Overall, the No Project Alternative (Current City General Plan) is projected to result in approximately 991 new residents, 511 new housing units, and 1,991 new jobs in Monterey by 2031.

For the 2015-23 Housing Element Cycle, the City has a total RHNA allocation of 650 units, of which 139 were permitted or constructed. Accordingly, this Alternative assumes buildout of the City's remaining RHNA allocation pursuant to the adopted Fifth Cycle Housing Element. Additionally, this option assumes that Fort Ord will be constructed with industrial (employment) uses and the Highway 68 Corridor in compliance with the voter approved Highway 68 Area Plan. The Highway 68 Area Plan assumes residential and commercial development, including a school, 300 below market rate housing units and parks/open space uses on the 50-acre MPUSD site. The current General Plan does not plan for enough housing for the 2023-2031 required RHNA allocation.

Although the No Project Alternative would not achieve the project objectives and as such is not considered a feasible project alternative, it is presented below as required by the State CEQA Guidelines.

RELOCATED HOUSING GROWTH ALTERNATIVE
The Relocated Housing Growth Alternative is designed to avoid significant environmental impacts related to development at Fort Ord, including a significant and unavoidable impact related to the availability of water supply from the Marina Coast Water District as well as significant impacts related to biological resources and hazardous materials that can be reduced to a less than significant level with mitigation. Under this Alternative, a mixed-use neighborhood integrating 1,660 new ATTACHMENT 1 / EXHIBIT A
Council Regular Meeting, 7/16/2024, Item No. 15., Item Page 579, Packet Page 907 Monterey 2031 General Plan Update Draft EIR
Chapter 4: Alternatives Analysis
City of Monterey 4-3
homes together with jobs, schools, shops, services and recreational amenities and natural open space would not be planned and constructed. Instead, the Alternative would involve development of employment related uses at Fort Ord as envisioned in the 2005 General Plan, while housing growth would be shifted to the downtown area and key commercial corridors, including North Fremont Street, Lighthouse Avenue, Del Monte Avenue, Garden Road, Pacific Avenue, Munras Avenue, and Abrego Street. To accommodate this additional housing growth, permitted density along the commercial corridors would be increased to 60 dwelling units per acre and maximum building height would be raised to 5 stories. Development of the 50-acre MPUSD site in the Highway 68 Plan area would proceed as with the Proposed Plan, the new Airport Compatibility Overlay would be adopted, and policies related to land use, safety, and circulation would be updated to address new State law and emerging issues, as with the Proposed Plan.