Cities Index.
Agenda packet

Mountain View City Council
June 9, 2026

Document
Agenda packet
Meeting
June 9, 2026
Body
Mountain View City Council
Pages
17
Original file
17.8 MB
Text extracted from the city's file for reading and search. Open the original on mountainview.legistar.com. That file is the official record.

~E
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œu]v]šŒš]À
µ‰‰}Œš(}Œ}µv]o
E
]PZ}ŒZ}}}uu]šš

~Eu

š]vPvPŒvš
‰Œ}
]vPX

r

ííUììì

ííUììì
4-30 Table of Contents 376
]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]



/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}µv]oE
]PZ}ŒZ}}}uu]šš

~E'ŒvšW]o}š]vP
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
}µv]oE
]PZ}ŒZ}}}uu]šš


~EPŒvš‰Œ}PŒuš}}uu}š
u}Œ
‰‰o]všX

¨ r

óUñìì

óUñìì

'
v
Œo,}µ]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}Œ,}u
o
v
/v]š]š]À
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}Œš}uuµv]šÇr

ŒÀ]
(}Œ
Z}u
o
v
]v]š]š]À
Á]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
P
vÇ
vW
Œuv
vš^µ‰‰}Œš]À
,}µ]vP}všŒšX

¨1 r

îñìUììì

îñìUììì

>]]o]šÇ/vµŒv
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
D]v]uµutP

v(}Œ
u
vš

WŒ}À]
v
Á}vP}]vP(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
]šÇ–o}ou]v]uµu
ÁP
}Œ]vv

v(}Œ
u
vš}všŒšÁ]šZ]šÇ}(^v:}
X

¨1 r

íìUììì

íìUììì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X
4-31 Table of Contents 377
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-32 Table of Contents 378
KDDhE/dz
s
>KWD
Ed
WZdD
Ed





































 
h/>/E'

í  Z]
(µ]o]vPK((]]o
~E
v]Ìil
î 
‰µšÇµ]o]vPK((]]o
í W Œ]v]‰o&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v

vP]v

Œ
î & ]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ
í W
Œu]š
vš
Œ}}Œ]vš}Œ
í W ovZ
l
vP]v

Œ
í W ovZ
l
Æu]v
Œ
ï ^
v]}Œµ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ
ð  µ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ/l//
ï ^
v]}ŒW
Œu]šd
Zv]]v
ï W
Œu]šd
Zv]]v
í W Œ}PŒu]švš
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À

]švš
í K ((]
]švš
D/E/^dZd/KE

í  ]švš}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
]Œ
š}Œ~>]vÇ,Pv
í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
í  voǐš/l//
í
Æ
µš]À
]švš
ìXñ  }µu
všvZ
}Œ^‰
]o]š
W>EE/E'

í  ]švš}uuµv]šÇ

À
o}‰u
vš]Œ
š}Œl}v]vP
u]v]šŒš}Œ
 ~u
Œo]Ì]vl]
î W ovv]vPDvP
Œ
í 
‰µšÇ}v]vPu]v]šŒš}Œ
î W Œ]v]‰oWovv
Œ
ó ^
v]}ŒWovv
Œ
ò : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

Wovv
Œ
í W ovv]vP}Œo
Œl
í K ((]
]švš

KEKD/
s
>KWD
Ed

í
}v}u]s]šo]šÇDvP
Œ
~uvZ}š
oo
î
}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vš
^šŒš
P]š
í W µo]Œšu]v]šŒš}Œ
KDDhE/dz
s
>KWD
Ed/Z
dKZ
~ZŒ]š]vDµŒ}l
&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^WññXñ&µoord]u

 
4-33 Table of Contents 379
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

dZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
vš 
‰Œšu
vš ] 
]š
 š} ‰Œ}À]]vP Z]PZr‹µo]šÇ 
ŒÀ]
 Ç ‰ovv]vP (}Œ v
]u‰o
u
vš]vP (
 v ‹µo]šÇ PŒ}ÁšZ v 
À
o}‰u
všU
vZv]vP
}v}u] À]šo]šÇU Œ
š]vP  ov
U
µš]vo
Uv
‹µ]šo
}uuµv]šÇUv]u‰Œ}À]vPšZ
‹µo]šÇ}(o](
(}ŒšZ
]šÇ–Œ
]
všUµ]v

Uv
À]]š}ŒX


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš]Œ
‰}v]o
(}ŒšZ
Œ
À]
Á}(
À
o}‰u
všvµ]o]vPš]À]šÇš}

vµŒ
}u‰o]v
Á]šZ'
v
ŒoWov‰}o]]
UÌ}v]vPUµ]o]vPv(]Œ
}
UšZ
o](}Œv]
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoYµo]šÇ
šUv}uuµv]šÇÀoµ
UÁZ]o
o}Z]
À]vP
}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vššŒš
P]P}oXdZ

‰Œšu
vš]š
šZ
}uuµv]šÇ]v
šo]Z]vPovµ
vv
]PZ}ŒZ}}‰ovv
vµŒ
šZ
(
šÇv‹µo]šÇ}(v
Á‰Œ}i
š
šZŒ}µPZšZ

À
o}‰u
všŒ
À]
Á‰Œ}
Xd Z

‰Œšu
všš((šZ

vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWovv]vP}uu]]}vUšZ

u]v]šŒš]À
}v]vPv^µ]À]]}v}uu]šš

UšZ
}Ávš}Áv}uu]šš

UvšZ
s]µoŒš}uu]šš

]v
]š]}v š}
šo]Z]vP v u]vš]v]vP }uuµv]š]}v Á]šZ Œ
]
všU 
À
o}‰
ŒU µ]v

U }šZ
Œ
P}À
Œvu
všoP
v]
Uv}šZ
Œ]šÇ
‰Œšu
všXdZ

‰Œšu
všo}‰Œ}À]
š
Zv]ov‰}o]ǐµ‰‰}Œš
}vovµ
U
À
o}‰u
všUv
}v}u]
À
o}‰u
všš}šZ
]šÇDvP
Œv}šZ
Œ
‰Œšu
všX


WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^








u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}v}À
Œ

šZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
všU}((
Œ]vP‰}o]ǐµ‰‰}ŒšU
o

ŒZ]‰U}}Œ]vš]}vUvšŒ]v]vPš}Àv
ovµ
U
À
o}‰u
všUv
}v}u]]v]š]š]À
(}ŒšZ

]šÇDvP
Œv}šZ
Œ]šÇ
‰Œšu
všX
Wovv]vP
dZ
Wovv]vP]À]]}v
À
o}‰v]u‰o
u
vššZ
]šÇ['
v
ŒoWov~]voµ]vPšZ
,}µ]vP
o
u
všU
WŒ
]
Wovv}v]vPKŒ]vv
Uvovµ
švŒš}µ‰‰}Œšµš]vo
U]voµ]À
PŒ}ÁšZXdZ

Wovv]vP]À]]}vo}‰Œ}


À
o}‰u
vš‰‰o]š]}vUuvP
ovµ
šUv‰Œ}À]
Œ
‰}v]À

‰ovv]vP
ŒÀ]
ÁZ]o
}}Œ]vš]vPÁ]šZšZ

vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWovv]vP}uu]]}vvšZ
u]v]šŒš]À

}v]vPv^µ]À]]}v}uu]šš

X

}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vš
dZ

}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vš]À]]}vµ‰‰}ŒššZ
]šÇ[]À
Œ
µ]v
}uuµv]šÇšZŒ}µPZ}oµš]}vr

‰}o]]
U‰Œšv
ŒZ]‰Uv‰Œ}PŒuš]o}Œ
š}µ]v
v

X^
ŒÀ]vPl
Ço]]}v(}Œ
všŒ
‰Œ
v
µŒU
uooµ]v

UvŒ}l
ŒUšZ
š
u}oo}Œš
Œ}]šÇ
‰Œšu
všvŒ
P]}vo}ŒPv]Ìš]}vX
dZ
]À]]}vo
]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(šZ

}v}u]s]šo]šÇv}Ávš}ÁvWŒl]vP^šŒš
P]
Uš((šZ

}Ávš}Ávvs]µoŒš}uu]šš

UvÁ}Œlo}
oÇÁ]šZšZ
Zu
Œ}(}uu
Œ
Uµ]v

v

À
o}‰
Œ}vŒ
Œµ]šu
všUŒ
š
vš]}vU‰µo]r‰Œ]Àš
‰Œ}i
šU‰µo]ŒšUv}Ávš}Áv]u‰Œ}À
u
všX
µ]o]vP
dZ
µ]o]vP]À]]}v
vµŒ
(
U
]o
Uv
v
ŒPÇr
((]]
vššŒµšµŒ
Ç‰Œ}À]]vP‰ovŒ
À]
ÁU
]v‰
š]}vUv}

v(}Œ
u
vš(}Œµ]o]vPv(]Œ
Œ
Pµoš]}vX/š
ŒÀ
l
nj
}µŒ
(}Œ
]vš
Œ‰Œ
š]vPv‰‰oÇ]vPo}oUšš
Uv(

Œoµ]o]vP}
X
4-34 Table of Contents 380
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x
vµŒ
‹µo]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všu

š}uuµv]šÇP}o}v]š
všÁ]šZ]šÇšvŒX

x D]vš]v  ov
 
‰Œšu
vš µP
š šZ𠐵‰‰}Œš ‹µo]šÇ µ]o]vPU ‰ovv]vP v
}v}u]

À
o}‰u
vš
ŒÀ]
}(}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všX~WDí

x Z]
À
}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
‰ovv]vPUµ]o]vPUv
}v}u]P}o}(šZ
]šÇÁ]šZšŒ}vP]vš
PŒš]}v}(‰µo]
]v‰µš]vš}šZ
]šÇ‰Œ}
X~WDî

x WŒ}À]
š]u
oǐ]šv
}vWµo]Z
}ŒšŒ
‹µ
šX~WDï

x }}Œ]vš
v
o]À
Œ}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
]šÇŒ
‰}v
š}]v]À]µo‰ovv]vPUµ]o]vPUv(]Œ
‰Œ}š
š]}v
‰‰o]š]}v]vv
((
š]À
v
((]]
všuvv
ŒX~WDðUñUóUô

x D]vš]v
((]]
všµ]o]vPv(]Œ
‰
Œu]šŒ
À]
Áv]v‰
š]}v
ŒÀ]
šZš]vš
PŒš
oo]šÇ‰
Œu]šš]vP

‰Œšu
všv}šZ
Œ‰µo]P
v]
Á]šZ]šÇ
ŒÀ]
P}oX~WDðUñUò

x Z
À]
Á‰ovv]vP‰‰o]š]}vÁ]šZ‰Œ}‰}
o
P]oš]À
ZvP
~
XPX'
v
ŒoWovU}v]vPKŒ]vv
Uv
WŒ
]
Wovu
vu
vš}v]š
všÁ]šZ]šÇP}ov}µv]oU
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWovv]vP}uu]]}vUv
}uuµv]šÇ]v‰µšX~WDóUôUõ

x WŒ}À]
 š]u
oÇU ‰Œ}(
]}vo ]šv
 Á]šZ šZ
 Œ
À]
Á }( ‰Œ}‰}
 µ]À]]}v v 
À
o}‰u
vš
‰‰o]š]}v(}Œu]v]šŒš]À
}v]vPv^µ]À]]}v}uu]šš

‰µo]Z
Œ]vPX~WDó

x Z
š]v
Æ]š]vPµ]v

vi}UÁZ]o
o}ššŒš]vPv
Áµ]v

vi}šZŒ}µPZ}µššZ
]šÇX~WD
íì

x WŒ}À]
‹µo]šÇµš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
}v
À
o}‰u
vš]v(}Œuš]}vv‰‰o]š]}vš}šZ
‰µo]]vš]u
oÇU
µŒš
Uv}µŒš
}µuvv
ŒX

x WŒ}À]
  (}µvš]}v (}Œ Á
oor]v(}Œu
 o}vPrŒvP
 ‰ovv]vP v ‰}o]Ç š]À]š]
 Ç u]vš]v]vP 
}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
š
}vovµ
v
u}PŒ‰Z]X

x WŒ}À]
 š(( µ‰‰}Œš š} šZ
  u]v]šŒš]À
  }v]vPl^µ]À]]}v  }uu]šš

U
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo W ovv]vP
}uu]]}vU}Ávš}Áv}uu]šš

Us]µoŒš}uu]šš

Uv}}Œ]vš

]PvŒ
À]
Á}vµošš]}vX

x /u‰o
u
vš]šÇ]u‰Œ}À
u
všv
vZv
u
všš}µ‰‰}ŒššZ
µ]v
}uuµv]šÇ]vo]Pvu
všÁ]šZ
šZ

}v}u]s]šo]šÇ^šŒš
PÇv}µv]o^šŒš
P]WŒ]}Œ]š]
X

x ^µ‰‰}Œš šZ
 }vP}]vP (
šÇ }( šZ
 µ]oš
vÀ]Œ}vu
vš Ç ]o]P
všoÇ ]v‰
š]vP }všŒµš]}v Á}Œl v
Œ
]vPµ]o]vPv(]Œ
}
À]}oš]}v]vš]u
oÇv
u‰šZ
š]uvv
ŒX

x ^

l}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
š}]u‰Œ}À
U
vZv
všŒ
uo]v
šZ

À
o}‰u
všŒ
À]
Á‰Œ}
]v}oo}Œš]}v
Á]šZ}šZ
Œ]šÇ
‰Œšu
všvÇo
À
ŒP]vPv
Áš
Zv}o}P]
X
4-35 Table of Contents 381
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

{ }‰šµ‰š
š}šZ
ZïÌ}v]vPšvŒš}µ‰‰}Œš]š]}vo
v]šÇvo]Pv
À
o}‰u
vššvŒ
š}(]o]šš
Z}µ]vP
À
o}‰u
všX

{ }vš]vµ
 š} Œ
À]
Á v ul
 ‰
Œ]}] u
vu
vš š} šZ
 Dµv]]‰o }
 š} Œ
u}À
 }všŒ]š}ŒÇU
µv
v(}Œ
o
U }Œ }µšš
 
š]}vX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU }uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všvšZ
]šÇšš}Œv
Çv]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]


{
šo]Z ]šÇÁ]
 }i
š]À
 
]Pv švŒ (}Œ šŒ
uo]v
 v ]u‰Œ}À
 ‰Œ}i
š 
À
o}‰u
všX
~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všU}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

{ 
À
o}‰W

šŒ]vDoosvš^š}Œ
(Œ}všt]v}Á]‰oÇvW}‰rh‰‰Œ}PŒuX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ }uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

x }vš]vµ
š}µ‰š
}µv]oW}o]]
Uo
P]oš]À
l}všŒšš
u‰oš
Uv}šZ
Œ}µu
všX~}oo}Œš]}v
Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU &]vv
 v u]v]šŒš]À
 ^
ŒÀ]
U v /v(}Œuš]}v d
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇšš}Œv
Ç[U]šÇo
Œl[Uv]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]


{ Œ
š
o}Árvu]o
r]v}u
Z}µ]vPšŒš
PÇšZš]voµ
‰šZÁǐš}}Áv
ŒZ]‰X~}oo}Œš]}v
Á]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všv,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš

x }u‰o
š
v
ƵšµÇ
Æu]v]vP‰ŒlvŒ
Œ
š]}v
À
o}‰u
vš]u‰š(

všZ
]šÇ[
Æ]š]vP
‰Œlov 
]š]}v ]vro]
µ (

 Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ }uuµv]šÇ ^
ŒÀ]
U }uuµv]šÇ

À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇšš}Œv
Ç[K((]


{ }‰š µ‰š
š}šZ
 ,]š}Œ] WŒ

ŒÀš]}v Œ
Pµoš]}v v šZ
 o}oD}µvš]v s]
Á Z
P]š
Œ}( ,]š}Œ]
Z
}µŒ
X

{ WŒ
‰Œ
Œ
Pµoš]}vš}]u‰o
u
vš^
vš
]ooóõ~^šš
o
P]oš]}všZš‰Œ
Œ]
Z]PZ
ŒuÆ]uµu
v]š]

v
ŒšŒv]šU]voµ]vP]vPo}o
À
o}‰u
vššvŒU
Æ
u‰š]vPZ]š}Œ]Œ
}µŒ
Uv]v]š]š]vP
o}ošŒv]šr}Œ]
vš

À
o}‰u
všoš
Œvš]À
‰ovX

{ /u‰o
u
vš‰Œ}PŒu]všZ
]šÇ[}‰š
,}µ]vP
o
u
všUš]}v(Œ}ušZ

}v}u]s]šo]šÇ^šŒš
PÇU
vŒ
}uu
vš]}v(Œ}ušZ

À
o}‰u
všZ
À]
Á^šµÇ~DšŒ]Æ^šµÇX

{ WŒ
‰Œ
µ‰š
š}šZ
}Ávš}ÁvWŒ
]
WovUv
ÁD}((
šš}µo
ÀŒWŒ
]
WovUvv
ÁŒl^lÇ
KŒ]vv
}}vš((‰]šÇ]À]oo
(}oo}Á]vP^óõ]u‰o
u
všš]}vX

{ ^

lv
Áš
Zv}o}P]
UšŒ]v]vP}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
Uv‰Œ}
µ‰š
š}]u‰Œ}À
šZ

À
o}‰u
všŒ
À]
Á
‰Œ}
 Œ} šZ
 ]šÇ }ŒPv]Ìš]}v ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU Wµo] t}ŒlU
,}µ]vPU&]Œ
Uv}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇšš}Œv
Ç[K((]


{ ‹µ]Œ
 v ]u‰o
u
vš  ]šÇÁ]
 ov uvP
u
vš }(šÁŒ
 Çš
uX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ }uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
U/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇUvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

4-36 Table of Contents 382
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


{ WŒšv
ŒÁ]šZšZ
&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všš}]u‰o
u
vš}}Œ]vš
Uuµoš]r

‰Œšu
vš‰‰Œ}Z(}Œ}µšŒ
Zš}šZ
]šÇ[š}‰o
UšŒv]
vš}µ‰vÇUvµ]v
o]
v

šƉÇ
ŒX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všv&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všX

W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ðñXô9 Díìì9
î 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(
‰Œšu
všr
o
}µšŒ
Zl}uuµv]šÇ
u

š]vPÁ]šZšZ
P
v
Œo
‰µo]l}uuµv]šÇPŒ}µ‰X
t}Œlo}  r íñ  r
ï 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(‰µo]Œ
}Œ
šŒ
‹µ
šŒ
‰}v
š}
ÇšZ

‰Œšu
všv
‰
Œ
vš}u‰o
š
Á]šZ]v
ššµš}ŒÇ
o]v
X
t}Œlo} r íôî r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
ð 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á]v‹µ]Œ]
Œ

]À
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r ííí r
4-37 Table of Contents 383
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
ñ 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(‰µo]Z
Œ]vP
]š
u‰Œ

vš
Ç
‰šX /v(}Œuš]}vo r ðð 
ò 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(}všŒš

Æ
µš
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r ïî 
ó µ]o]vP
Eµu
Œ}(]µ
µ]o]vP
‰
Œu]šv‰
Œ
vš
Œ
À]
Á
}vrš]u
~W
 


X^u
rÇ
‰
Œu]š~
t}Œlo} r òîô r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
X&šršŒl‰
Œu]š
~}uu
Œ]oš
vvš
]u‰Œ}À
u
vš
t}Œlo} r ïð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ñî9 õì9
X^]vPo
r(u]oÇ
Œ
]
vš]ov
Á
}všŒµš]}v
t}Œlo} r îò r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ðí9 õì9
X^]vPo
r(u]oÇ
Œ
]
vš]o
]š]}vlŒ
u}
o
t}Œlo} r íòð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ðð9 õì9

X
}ŒÇ
Á
oo]vPµv]š
t}Œlo} r ñí r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ðò9 õì9
(XDµoš]r(u]oÇ
Œ
]
vš]ov
Á
}všŒµš]}v
t}Œlo} r îð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ñì9 õì9
PXDµoš]r(u]oÇ
Œ
]
vš]o]š]}vl
Œ
u}
o
t}Œlo} r ðíî r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ïí9 õì9
ZXE}vrŒ
]
vš]o
v
Á}všŒµš]}v
t}Œlo} r íó r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ïñ9 õì9
]XE}vrŒ
]
vš]o
š
vvš]u‰Œ}À
u
vš
t}Œlo} r õñ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ðõ9 õì9
iX
o
šŒ]À
Z]o
 t}Œlo} r ïò r
4-38 Table of Contents 384
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
ZŒP
Œruµoš]r
(u]onj
]
vš]ov
}uu
Œ]o
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íï9 íìì9
lX^}oŒ‰v
ot
^}oŒ‰‰=~
t}Œlo} r ííì r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
oX^}oŒt]vPo
r(u]oÇ
Œ
]
vš]ošZš
}
v}š‹µo](Ç(}Œ
^}oŒ‰‰=
t}Œlo} r ñô r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 îõ9 õì9
uX^}oŒ‰v
ot
uµoš]r(u]oÇ
Œ
]
vš]ov
}uu
Œ]o
t}Œlo} r îð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 îõ9 õì9
vX&]Œ
‰Œ}š
š]}v
‰
Œu]š~
t}Œlo} r E
Á(}Œ
&zîó r
W
Œ(}Œuv
  E
Á(}Œ
&zîó õì9
ô µ]o]vP
W
Œ
vš}(]µ
µ]o]vP
‰
Œu]šŒ
À]
Á
Ç}šZ
Œ
]šÇ

‰Œšu
všl]À]]}v}vr
š]u
W 



X&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õð9 õì9
XWovv]vP W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õí9 õì9
XWµo]t}Œl
~]voX>v

À
o}‰u
všUWµo]
^
ŒÀ]
UdŒ((]U
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vUv
^}o]tš

W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õô9 õì9
X}uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
lhŒv
&}Œ
šŒÇ
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õò9 õì9

X&]Œ
v

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
WŒ}š
š]}v
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õò9 õì9
(X,ÌŒ}µ
Dš
Œ]o W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôõ9 õì9
PX,}µ]vP W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õñ9 õì9
õ µ]o]vP
Eµu
Œ}(]v‰
š]}v
Z
µo
v‰
Œ
vš
}u‰o
š
Z
µo
W 



Xµ]o]vP t}Œlo} r óUóòó r
4-39 Table of Contents 385
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
X&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v t}Œlo} r íõî r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
íì Wovv]vP
Eµu
Œ}(‰ovv]vP
‰‰o]š]}vŒ

]À
š

Z‰‰Œ}Àoo
À
oW 



X^š((ro
À
o t}Œlo} r óï r
X}v]vP
u]v]šŒš}Œ t}Œlo}  r ò  r
X]šÇ}µv]o t}Œlo} r ô r
íí Wovv]vP
/XW
Œ
vš‰ovv]vP
}uu
všo
šš
Œ}v
(}Œuo
À
o}‰u
vš
‰‰o]š]}vŒ

všš}
‰‰o]všÁ]šZ]vïì
o
vŒǐU}v]š
vš
Á]šZ^šš
oÁX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
//XW
Œ
vš}(‰ovv]vP
‰
Œu]šŒ
À]
Á
Ç}šZ
Œ
]šÇ

‰Œšu
všl]À]]}v
Á]šZ]víño
vŒǐW 



Xµ]o]vP W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õï9 õì9
X&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôõ9 õì9
XWµo]t}Œl W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôî9 õì9
X}uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
lhŒv
&}Œ
šŒÇ
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôô9 õì9

X&]Œ
v

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
WŒ}š
š]}v
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õí9 õì9
(X,ÌŒ}µ
Dš
Œ]o W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôñ9 õì9
PX,}µ]vP W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôñ9 õì9
íî Wovv]vP
Eµu
Œ}('
v
ŒoWov
v}v]vPu
vu
vš
µ‰š
]v‰Œ}
X
t}Œlo}  r õ  r
íï
}v}u]

À
o}‰u
vš
Eµu
Œ}(µ]v


]š
ÇšZ
]šÇ t}Œlo}  r óñ  r
íð
}v}u]

À
o}‰u
vš
Eµu
Œ}(uooµ]v

PŒvšlo}v]µ
 t}Œlo} r E
Á(}Œ
&zîó r
4-40 Table of Contents 386
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
íñ
}v}u]

À
o}‰u
vš
Eµu
Œ}(µ]v


À
vššš
v
lo
Ç
^š((
/v(}Œuš]}vo r E
Á(}Œ
&zîó r

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
~  ooµ]o]vP‰
Œu]šŒ
À]
Áš]u
o]v
Œ
}všZ
]šÇ[Á
]š
šZšš‰Wll
À
o}‰u
vš‰
Œu]šXu}µvš]vÀ]
ÁXP}Àl}µš
‰
Œu]šl‰
Œu]šrš]u
o]v
X
~ ^ u
rlj
Œu]šŒ
}vo]v
]všvšv
}µ‰
Œu]š‰Œ]uŒ]oÇ(}Œ]vPo
r(u]oÇvµ‰o
ƉŒ}‰
ŒšÇ]u‰Œ}À
u
všÁ]šZ(
Á
‰
Œu]šÀ]oo
(}Œuµoš](u]oÇŒ
]
vš]o‰Œ}‰
Œš]
UµZ
o
šŒ]o‰v
oµ‰PŒ
U,s
‹µ]‰u
všŒ
‰o
u
všU

o
šŒ]À
Z]o
ZŒP
ŒUŒ
Œ}}(]vPU
šX
~ ^ }oŒWW=]v}vo]v
]všvšv
}µ‰
Œu]š‰Œ}PŒu(}Œ]vPo
r(u]onj
]
vš]o}oŒ]všooš]}v‰
Œu]šX
~
Æu‰o
(]Œ
‰Œ}š
š]}v‰
Œu]š]voµ
(]Œ
oŒuÇš
uU(]Œ
‰Œ]vlo
ŒÇš
uUv}šZ
Œ(]Œ
o](
(
šÇ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ

}všŒµš
š}
ŒÀ
µ]o]vPX
 
4-41 Table of Contents 387
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švš}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš]Œ
š}Œ î î î

}v}u]s]šo]šÇDvP
Œ í í í
Z]
(µ]o]vPK((]]o í í í
Wovv]vPDvP
Œ í îŽílï î
WŒ]v]‰o&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ ì íŽî í
&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ ì îŽî î

‰µšÇ}v]vPu]v]šŒš}Œ î íŽï í
WŒ]v]‰oWovv
Œ í í îŽõ

‰µšÇµ]o]vPK((]]o î î î

}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vš^šŒš
P]š î î î
W
Œu]š
vš
Œ}}Œ]vš}Œ í íŽð í
WovZ
l
vP]v

Œ í í í
^
v]}Œµ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ ï ï ï
WovZ
l
Æu]v
Œ í í í
^
v]}ŒWovv
Œ ó ó ó
Wµo]Œšu]v]šŒš}Œ ì ì íŽíì
µ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ/l// ð ð ð
šl}]š
Wovv
Œ ò ò ò
]švšµ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ í ìŽñ ì
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš ì íŽò í
voǐš/l// íXñì íŽòló í
^
v]}ŒW
Œu]šd
Zv]]v î ïŽñ ï
W
Œu]šd
Zv]]v ï ï ï
WŒ}PŒu]švš í í í
Wovv]vP}Œo
Œl í í í

Æ
µš]À
]švš í í í
}µu
všvZ
}Œ^‰
]o]š ì ìXñìŽô ìXñì
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš í í í
K((]
]švš î î î
d}šoZ
PµoŒ ðõXñì ñïXñì ññXñì
d}šoW}]š]}v   ðõXñì ñïXñì ññXñì

Ží d ]šo
ZvP
(Œ}uÀv
Wovv]vPDvP
Œš}Wovv]vPDvP
ŒX
Žî Z
oo}š]}v}(WŒ]v]‰o&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

ŒvšÁ}&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ‰}]š]}v(Œ}ušZ
&]Œ


‰Œšu
všX
Žï Z
o](]š]}v}(
‰µšÇ}v]vPu]v]šŒš}Œ‰}]š]}vš}Wovv]vPDvP
ŒX
Žð d ]šo
ZvP
(Œ}u
À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
}}Œ]vš}Œš}W
Œu]š
vš
Œ}}Œ]vš}ŒX
Žñ Z
o](]š]}v}(v]švšµ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ‰}]š]}vš}^
v]}ŒW
Œu]šd
Zv]]vX
Žò Z
o](]š]}v}(vvoǐš/l//‰}]š]}vš}^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšX
Žó d Œv(
Œ}(Zo(rš]u
voǐš/l//‰}]š]}v(Œ}ušZ
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
všX
4-42 Table of Contents 388
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


Žô dŒv(
ŒvŒ
o](]š]}v}(}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v///‰}]š]}vš}}µu
všvZ
}Œ
^‰
]o]š(Œ}ušZ
&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všXdZ]‰}]š]}v]‰o]šZo(rš]u

šÁ

v
šZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX
Žõ  ]š]}v}(WŒ]v]‰oWovv
ŒX
Žíì D]Ç
Œ]š]}v}(Wµo]Œšu]v]šŒš}ŒX


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š  ¨ õUôôñUòîí íïUðìóUòíô íðUððõUñòð ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
   îUòõõUîîî ðUòôðUîòò ðUôñôUðòò
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  íïìUíòì íòñUðìì íóìUðìì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  íîUóíñUììï íôUîñóUîôð íõUðóôUðïì

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všu]v]šŒš]}v  òõôUõõî íUñõíUìíò íUñõðUîòô
Wovv]vP  ðUñóíUðñò òUìïóUóñï òUñòóUíõô

}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vš  íUîïñUõòì îUíòóUìîñ îUòííUìðõ
µ]o]vP  òUîìôUñõñ ôUðòíUðõì ôUóìñUõíñ
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  íîUóíñUììï íôUîñóUîôð íõUðóôUðïì

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  íUñìíUïïí îUóìôUôòó ïUîîõUðìñ
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  íîðUðìð ôîñUììì ôðïUììì

À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
  íìUìòîUñïô íîUõíôUõîï íïUïôóUôñõ
WŒl]vP]šŒ]šE}Xî  ñõóUñõï õïòUïíð õõóUïóó
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  ðîõUíïó ôòôUíôì íUìîìUóôõ
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ íîUóíñUììï íôUîñóUîôð íõUðóôUðïì

Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ  îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
'
v
Œo>]
v
˜W
Œu]š  ¨ ïUíðõUìõõ ïUõììUìîï òUññõUóñì
'
v
Œo^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  ïUôííUóíñ ðUñõïUñòõ òUòîóUïìì
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  ñðUíìï ì ì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ óUìíðUõíó ôUðõïUñõî íïUíôóUìñì

 
4-43 Table of Contents 389
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
µ]v
vŒšWŒ}u}š]}v

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}Œšµ]v

UŒš
‰Œ}u}š]}vUv(]o]šš]}v}(š]À]š]
]všZ

}v}u]

À
o}‰u
vš]À]]}vX ¨ íñUììì

íñìUììì

íòñUììì
WŒ]v]‰oWovv
ŒW}]š]}v~ìXñ&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒWŒ]v]‰oWovv
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
]
(µv
]všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUìXï&d
](µv
]v
šZ

À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

r

íðóUîìì

íðóUîìì
À
Œš]]vP}š

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vPš}}À
ŒÀ
Œš]]vP}š(}Œ]šÇ
v
Á‰‰
Œv}š]
Œ
oš
š}‰µo]Z
Œ]vPX

r

îñUììì

îñUììì
^všoŒ}µvšÇWovv]vP}oo}Œš]À
D
u
ŒZ]‰

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
]šÇ[vvµo‰Œš]]‰š]}v]všZ

]š]
}]š]}v[^všoŒ}µvšÇWovv]vP
}oo}Œš]À
X

r

íôUñìì

íôUñìì

'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
'ŒvšWŒ}PŒu~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
šZ
]šÇ[uooµ]v
PŒvš
‰Œ}PŒuX

¨ r

îòñUììì

îòñUììì

À
o}‰u
všZ
À]
Á/u‰Œ}À
u
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµošvš
ŒÀ]
š}
v
]u‰o
u
vš]u‰Œ}À
u
všš}šZ
]šÇ–‰ovv]vP‰
Œu]šš]vP
vovµ
‰Œ}

X

r

îñìUììì

îñìUììì
Wovv]vP}vµoš]vP^
ŒÀ]
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµošvš
ŒÀ]
š}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(šZ
îìîïrîìïí,}µ]vP
o
u
všU

}v}u]s]šo]šÇ^šŒš
PÇUv}µv]ot}ŒlWovX

r

íîñUììì

íîñUììì
}Ávš}Áv^š}Œ
(Œ}všš]Àš]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}
À
o}‰PŒvš‰Œ}PŒuš}µ‰‰}Œš
}Ávš}Ávš}Œ
(Œ}všX

r

íììUììì

íììUììì
4-44 Table of Contents 390
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}Œ}Ávš}Áv^šŒš
P]
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

u
vš}(}Ávš}Áv
WŒ}‰
ŒšÇr
/u‰Œ}À
u
vš]šŒ]š~W/X ¨ r

ñïUììì

ñïUììì
Z
À}oÀ]vP>}vu]v]šŒš]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}u]v]š
Œo}v‰Œ}PŒuš}µ‰‰}Œš
uooµ]v
Œ
}À
ŒÇvo}vPrš
ŒuŒ
]o]
vÇX

r

ñìUììì

ñìUììì


À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
WovZ
lU^š((]vPUv/v‰
š]}v^
ŒÀ]
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒš
ŒÀ]
š}‰
Œ(}Œuuvš}ŒÇ
µ]o]vPv(]Œ
‰Œ}š
š]}v‰ovZ
lUš((]vPUv
]v‰
š]}v
ŒÀ]
X

¨ r

òììUììì

òììUììì
WŒ]v]‰oWovv
ŒW}]š]}v~ìXï&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒWŒ]v]‰oWovv
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
]
(µv
]všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUìXï&d
](µv
]v
šZ

À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

r

ôôUïìì

ôôUïìì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

ñóUììì

ñUììì

òîUììì

}Ávš}Áv
v
(]š
u
vš]šŒ]š&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
WŒl]vPu]v]šŒš]}vv
v(}Œ
u
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµošvš
ŒÀ]
š}µ‰‰}Œš
}v}u]

À
o}‰u
vš}(šZ
WŒl]vP]šŒ]šX

¨ r

íñìUììì

íñìUììì
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX

îïñUõìì

òñUõìì

ïìíUôìì
vvµoWŒl]vP>}šl^šŒµšµŒ
o
v]vP

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµoo
v]vP}(
}Ávš}Áv‰Œl]vP(]o]š]
X

ðïUôìì

ïòUììì

óõUôìì
4-45 Table of Contents 391
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
vš


^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
WŒ]v]‰oWovv
ŒW}]š]}v~ìXî&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒWŒ]v]‰oWovv
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
]
(µv
]všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUìXï&d
](µv
]v
šZ

À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

¨ r

ñôUõìì

ñôUõìì
^µŒ]‰š]}v
^}(šÁŒ


WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒµŒ]‰š]}v
}(šÁŒ
µš]o]Ì

]všZ

}v}u]
À
o}‰u
vš]À]]}vX

r

ïUììì

ïUììì
Z
oo}š
,>WŒ}‰
ŒšÇdÆ^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(}ŒZŒ
,>WŒ}‰
ŒšÇdÆ^
ŒÀ]

(Œ}u}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
všš}&]vv
v
u]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všX

óUîìì

~óUîìì

r

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-46 Table of Contents 392
KDDhE/dz^
Zs/
^
WZdD
Ed





W
Z&KZD/E'Zd^

í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšDvP
Œ
~dZ
Œ
zÀ}vv

í  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš

µ]v
v&]o]š]

K‰
Œš]}v
í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš
}}Œ]vš}Œ

WŒ}µš]}v
í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš]švš
í ^
v]}Œ^šP
Zv~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

µ]
v
vo]
vš^
ŒÀ]

í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš]švš
í ^
v]}Œd]l
š^
ŒÀ]

Z
‰Œ

všš]À

WZ<^EKW
E^W


í W ŒlvK‰
v^‰

DvP
Œ
 ~d]u}šZÇz}µvP
ŒP
í  }uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
WŒ}i
š
u]v]šŒš}Œ
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À

]švš

^}µšZE
]PZ}ŒZ}}WŒlU
µ
šWŒlU/ŒŒ]Pš]}vv
}všŒµš]}vUDs^WD]všX
í W Œl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
ïXóñ WŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ///
ñ W ŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ/l//

E}ŒšZE
]PZ}ŒZ}}WŒlU
Z
vPš}Œ((WŒlUdµŒ(
DvP
u
všUt^D]všX
í W Œl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
îXóñ WŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ///
óXñ W ŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ/l//


všŒoE
]PZ}ŒZ}}WŒlU
šŒ}^šŒ

šl]À]
vš
ŒU
vW
šDvP
u
vš
WŒ}PŒu
í W Œl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
îXóñ WŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ///
õ W ŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ/l//
hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇ

í h Œv&}Œ
šDvP
Œ
~Zµ
oo,v
v
í K ((]
]švš

&}Œ
šŒÇU,
Œ]šP
dŒ

Uv
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]

í h Œv&}Œ
š^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í h Œv&}Œ
š}}Œ]vš}Œ
í d Œ

dŒ]uu
Œ///
ð d Œ

dŒ]uu
Œ/l//


Z
Z
d/KE

í Z
Œ
š]}vDvP
Œ
 ~}o]v:u


^
v]}ŒWŒ}PŒu˜
^‰
]o
À
vš
í Z
Œ
š]}v^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í ^
v]}ŒZ
Œ
š]}v
}}Œ]vš}Œ
í Z
Œ
š]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ
ìXñ  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš

z}µšZ
À
o}‰u
vš~WŒ
Z}}oU

o
u
všŒÇUd

vU

Œ
,}oo}Á&Œu
í Z
Œ
š]}v^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í ^
v]}ŒZ
Œ
š]}v
}}Œ]vš}Œ
ï Z
Œ
š]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ
í Z
Œ
š]}v^‰
]o]š
ìXóñ Z
Œ
š]}v>

Œ//

‹µš]U^‰}ŒšU'ÇuU
&]o]š]

í Z
Œ
š]}v^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
ìXìñ WŒl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
íXóñ ^
v]}ŒZ
Œ
š]}v
}}Œ]vš}Œ
î Z
Œ
š]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ
í W ŒlD]vš
vv

t}Œl
Œ///

}všŒšo
Us}oµvš

ŒU
&Œ}vš
lU
DŒl
š]vPl^‰}v}ŒZ]‰v
Z
vPš}Œ((,}µ

í Z
Œ
š]}v^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
íXîñ ^
v]}ŒZ
Œ
š]}v
}}Œ]vš}Œ
í Z
Œ
š]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ
í W Œ}PŒu]švš
í K ((]
]švš

D/E/^dZd/KE

í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
í
Æ
µš]À
]švš
KDDhE/dz^
Zs/
^/Z
dKZ
~:}ZvDŒZvš
í  ]švš}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
]Œ
š}Œ~Œ
v^ÇoÀ]
^,KZ
>/E
'K>&>/E<^E
D/,
>^Z
^dhZEd

ìXí W Œl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
^,KZ
>/E


í ^ Z}Œ
o]v
DvP
Œ
 ~ŒÇZµ
µZ
ìXôñ WŒl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À

]švš


vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
í t ]oo](
WŒ

ŒÀš]}v
}}Œ]vš}Œ

dŒ]ovK‰
v^‰

í ^ µ‰
ŒÀ]]vPWŒlv
K‰
v^‰
t}Œl
Œ
ñ d Œ]ovK‰
v^‰

t}Œl
Œ/l//
í W ŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ///

^Z}Œ
o]v
D]vš
vv

í W Œl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
îXóñ WŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ///
ðXñ W ŒlD]všXt}Œl
Œ/l//

í  ]švš}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
]Œ
š}Œ~<Œ]š]v
Œ}Ç
&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W õõXì &µoord]u

 îXîñ Z
PµoŒWŒšrd]u
 
  íXì > ]u]š
rW
Œ]} 

4-47 Table of Contents 393
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

µ]o]vP}uuµv]šÇX
vŒ]Z]vP>]À
X


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
 }uuµv]šÇ ^
ŒÀ]
 
‰Œšu
vš ] Œ
‰}v]o
 (}Œ šZ
 }‰
Œš]}v }( šZ
 D}µvš]v s]
Á 
vš
Œ (}Œ šZ

W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšV(}ŒšZ
}vš]vµ

À
o}‰u
všv}‰
Œš]}v}(}uu
Œ]ovŒ
Œ
š]}voš]À]š]
ššZ

]šÇ[óñìrŒ
^Z}Œ
o]v
šD}µvš]vs]
ÁZ
P]}voWŒlV(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
v}‰
Œš]}v}(^Z}Œ
o]v
'}o(
>]vllD]Z
o š ^Z}Œ
o]v
 Z
šµŒvš v }( ^š
À
v Œ

l dŒ]oV (}Œ šZ
 u]vš
vv
 }( ]šÇr}Áv
 ‰ŒlU
Œ}ÁÇov‰]vPUvšŒ

ššŒ

Vv(}Œ
o]À
ŒÇ}(Œ
Œ
š]}v‰Œ}PŒuv
ŒÀ]
šZšul
D}µvš]v
s]
Á
šš
Œ‰o
š}o]À
v}Áv]všZ
(µšµŒ
X


WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^











u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}vuvP
šZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všÇ‰Œ}À]]vPo

ŒZ]‰U‰}o]Ç

À
o}‰u
všUu]v]šŒš]À
vš
Zv]oµ‰‰}ŒšUvŒ

Œ
À
o}‰u
všvšŒ]v]vP}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
X
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš
dZ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš]À]]}vuvP
v}‰
Œš
šZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒšZ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšU
‰Œ}À]]vPÁ
oor
‹µ]‰‰
À
vµ
Uš
Zv]ovuŒl
š]vPµ‰‰}ŒšUš]l
š]vP
ŒÀ]
UvZ}µ

uvP
u
vš(}Œ]À
Œ
Z
µo
}(}uuµv]šÇvŒ
P]}vo‰
Œ(}Œuv
X
^Z}Œ
o]v

dZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
]À]]}v}À
Œ

šZ
}‰
Œš]}vUu]vš
vv
U
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoš
ÁŒZ]‰U}uu
Œ]o
o

UŒ
Pµoš}ŒÇ‰
Œu]šUv‰Œl]u‰Œ}À
u
všš^Z}Œ
o]v
šD}µvš]vs]
Á]voµ]vP^š
À
vŒ

l
vW
Œuv
vš
Œ

ldŒ]oUÁ
oošZ
dŒ]ovK‰
v^‰
t}Œl
ŒWŒ}PŒuX
^Z}Œ
o]v
'}o(>]vllZ
šµŒvš
dZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
'}o(>]vllZ
šµŒvš]À]]}v}À
Œ

šZ
uvP
u
všvu]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ[íôr
Z}o
P}o(}µŒ
vD]Z
oš^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
šµŒvššZŒ}µPZ
ŒÀ]
}všŒšX
hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇ
dZ
hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇ]À]]}vu]vš]vov‰]vPo}vPŒ}ÁǐUu
]vU}À
Œ‰
Uv}šZ
Œv}v‰Œl
]šÇr}Áv
ovUuvP
šZ
hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇWŒ}PŒuUu]v]š
ŒšZ
]šÇ[,
Œ]šP
dŒ

KŒ]vv
Uv
u]vš]víîìXîñŒ
}(ov‰
vîôUìì욌

X
4-48 Table of Contents 394
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš







WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ]
‰Œ}À]
Œ
Œ
‰}v]À
š}}uuµv]šÇv

X~WDîUïUðUñUòUóUôUõUíìUííUíîUíï
Ù
x voÇÌ
šZ

‰Œšu
vš[
ŒÀ]
š}µŒ
šZ
nj
‰Œ}À]
]v}šr
((
š]À
uvv
ŒX~WDíUòUíð

x }vš]vµ
š}u}v]š}Œv
Àoµš
µ
}(Œ
Ço
Áš
Œvu]vš]vµŒŒ
vš
šZ
š]v‰ovšZ
ošZX

x WŒ}À]

š}‰
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš(]o]š]
v
o]À
ŒZ]PZ‹µo]šÇ
ŒÀ]
(}Œo]
všvo]
v

X~WDï

x WŒ}À]
]À
Œ

vš
Œš]vu
vš
Ɖ
Œ]
v
(}ŒD}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒšZ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš‰šŒ}v(Œ}u
Œ}šZ
Œ
P]}vX~WDï

x WŒ}À]

µš]}vv}µšŒ
Z}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
š}šZ
}uuµv]šÇX

x }u‰oÇÁ]šZÀŒ]}µŒ
Pµoš}ŒÇP
vnj
‹µ]Œ
u
vššZ
nj
oš
š}Á
šovUÁ]oo](
Uvovµ
]v
šZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
šD}µvš]vs]
ÁŒ
X

x WŒ}À]
šZ
}uuµv]šÇvÀ]]š}Œ(
v
µŒ
}µš}}ŒŒ
Œ
š]}v
Ɖ
Œ]
v
ljŒ}‰
Œu]vš
vv

vµ‰
ŒÀ]]}v}(šŒ]oU‰šZÁǐUŒ}ÁÇlov‰
Œ
UšµŒ(Œ
Uv(]o]š]
]všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
v
E}ŒšZǐZ}Œ
Œ
X~WDðUñUòUóUô

x DvP
 v }‰
Œš
 ^Z}Œ
o]v
 '}o( >]vl v D]Z
o š ^Z}Œ
o]v
 Z
šµŒvš ]v µZ  uvv
Œ  š}
uÆ]u]Ì
}‰
Œš]vPŒ
À
vµ
v}všŒ}o}‰
Œš]vP
Ɖ
v
X~WDíð

x WŒ}À]
P}o(]vPµš}u
Œv
vi}Ço
P}o(]vP
Ɖ
Œ]
v
U]voµ]vP
vZv
‰oÇ]vP}v]š]}vvZ]PZ
o
À
o}(µš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
X~WDíð

WŒlvK‰
v^‰

dZ
WŒlvK‰
v^‰
]À]]}vu]vš]všZ
]šÇ[ov‰

ššuµv]]‰o(]o]š]
UðòµŒv
‰Œl~îìòŒ
UšZ
,
šZ,
šZÇvtZ]uvdŒ]oUvšZ
šŒ}^šŒ

šW

šŒ]vDooXdZ
]À]]}v
o}}À
Œ

šZ
]šÇ[/vš
PŒš
W
šDvP
u
všWŒ}PŒuX
Z
Œ
š]}v
dZ
Z
Œ
š]}v]À]]}v}((
Œ‰Œ}PŒuvš]À]š]
šZš(}š
Œ}uuµv]šÇ}vv
š]}vUo](
o}vPo
Œv]vPU
vZ
ošZÇo](
šÇo
šÀŒ]}µ‰ŒlU
vš
ŒUvZ}}o]š
šZŒ}µPZ}µššZ
]šÇX}Œ
‰Œ}PŒuŒ

]voµ
‹µš]U
vŒ]Zu
všU(]o]šÇŒ

ŒÀš]}vU(]šv
vÁ
oov
U}µš}}Œ
µš]}vU
v]}Œ
‰Œ}PŒuu]vPU‰
]o
À
všU‰}ŒšUÀ}oµvš

ŒUvÇ}µšZvš

v‰Œ}PŒuu]vP
4-49 Table of Contents 395
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


x DvP
 šZ
 hŒv &}Œ
šŒÇ WŒ}PŒuU ]voµ]vP u]vš
vv
 }( šŒ

šU u
]vU v ‰Œl šŒ

U v

v(}Œ
u
vš}(šZ
,
Œ]šP
dŒ

KŒ]vv
X~WDðUñ

x D]vš]voo]šÇov‰
Œ
U]voµ]vP‰ŒlU^š
À
vŒ

ldŒ]oUW
Œuv
vš
Œ

ldŒ]oUu
]vU
Œ}ÁǐUÀvšovUv‰µo](]o]š]
X~WDðUñUòUóUô

x }vµš(
šÇ]v‰
š]}v}(oo‰Œlv‰oÇPŒ}µvŒ
v
‹µ]‰u
všX~WDô

x D}v]š}Œv
Àoµš
Z
Œ
š]}v}šrZ
}À
ŒÇW}o]ÇP}o‰‰Œ}À
ÇšZ
]šÇ}µv]oX

x }vš]vµ
š}]u‰o
u
vš‰}]š]À
v}všŒµš]À
š]À]š]
(}ŒÇ}µšZX~WDõXX

x WŒ}À]
}Œ(]o]šš
Z
µo]vP}(Ç}µšZUµošUv}o
ŒµošŒ
Œ
š]}vš]À]š]
U‰}ŒšUo
U
À
všU
v(]o]šÇŒ
všoššZ
}uuµv]šÇ
vš
ŒU^
v]}Œ
vš
ŒUdZ
s]
Ád

v
vš
ŒUD}µvš]vs]
Á^‰}Œš
WÀ]o]}vU tZ]uv ^‰}Œš 
vš
ŒU 'ŒZu šZo
š] ^‰}Œš }u‰o
ÆU Œ]šš
v
v šZo
š] ^‰}Œš }u‰o
ÆU
^Z}Œ
o]v
šZo
š]&]
oUµ
šd
vv]
vš
ŒUZ]š}Œ]}
µ]o]vPUvZ
vPš}Œ((,}µ
Á
oo
ÀŒ]}µ‰ŒlŒ
vZ}}o]š
X~WDõUíìUííUíîUíï

x WŒ}À]

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
µš]}vo
vu‰š

Œ,}oo}Á&ŒuX

x }}Œ]vš
 šZ
 ]šÇÁ]
 À}oµvš

Œ ‰Œ}PŒu v
šo]Z
((
š]À
 ‰Œšv
ŒZ]‰ Á]šZ }uuµv]šÇr

}ŒPv]Ìš]}vX

x WŒ}À]
}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
‹µš]‰Œ}PŒuµ]vP
Po
WŒlW}}ovšZ
Z
vPš}Œ((WŒl‹µš]
vš
ŒX

x WovU]u‰o
u
všUvŒ
À]
Á]šÇÁ]
‰
]o
À
všX~WDíí

D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

x
šo]Z ]šÇÁ]
 }i
š]À
 
]Pv švŒ (}Œ šŒ
uo]v
 v ]u‰Œ}À
 ‰Œ}i
š 
À
o}‰u
všX
~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všU}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš11

x }vš]vµ
 š} Œ
À]
Á v ul
 ‰
Œ]}] u
vu
vš š} šZ
 Dµv]]‰o }
 š} Œ
u}À
 }všŒ]š}ŒÇU
µv
v(}Œ
o
U }Œ }µšš
 
š]}vX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU }uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všvšZ
]šÇšš}Œv
Çv]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]


x }vš]vµ
š}Œ
À]
Áv]u‰o
u
vš‰]lo
oo}oµš]}vX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
v
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

x Œ
š
(Œu
Á}Œlš}µ‰‰}ŒšÀ}oµvš

Œ}ŒPv]Ìš]}vÁ}Œl]vPÁ]šZšZ
]šÇX

x }u‰o
š
v
ƵšµÇ
Æu]v]vP‰ŒlvŒ
Œ
š]}v
À
o}‰u
vš]u‰š(

všZ
]šÇ[
Æ]š]vP
‰Œlov 
]š]}v ]vro]
µ (

 Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ }uuµv]šÇ ^
ŒÀ]
U }uuµv]šÇ

À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇšš}Œv
Ç[K((]


4-50 Table of Contents 396
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


x }u‰o
š
uµoš]‰o
 Œ
v}Àš]}v ‰Œ}i
šš ^Z}Œ
o]v
]voµ]vPWŒ
v}Àš]vP PŒ

v]
 µvl
Œš ^Z}Œ
o]v

'}o(>]vlUŒ
‰o]vPšZ
}Á‰oÇPŒ}µvšŒµšµŒ
UvŒ
ov‰]vPšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
>l
}À
vlÇl
Z]ooX

x Àv
 ÀŒ]}µ ‰Œ}i
š o]š
 ]v šZ
 ^Z}Œ
o]v
 t]oo](
 DvP
u
vš Wov ]voµ]vP šZ
 tš
Œ }všŒ}o
/u‰Œ}À
u
vš WŒ}i
š ~îïrðð  ]š ‰
Œš]v š} šZ
 ^]o]vP >l
 /ovX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ }uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
vWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

x }všŒµš šZ
 ^Z}Œ
o]v
 ]šŒ}
Ɖv]}v v Œ
v}Àš]}v ‰Œ}i
šX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
vWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

x ^µ‰‰}ŒššZ

À
o}‰u
vš}(Œl^l]
}Œ]vv
~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všU
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
vWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX

x }vš]vµ
š}}oo}Œš
Á]šZšZ
>}oš}^Z}}o]šŒ]š}všZ

]Pv}(šZ
ZŒ
rµ
}‰
v‰
ššZ

v
Á Z}}o ]š
 }v  o](}Œv] ^ šŒ

šX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ  }uuµv]šÇ ^
ŒÀ]
 v W µo] t }Œl

‰Œšu
vš

x 
P]v]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(]uu
]š
š]}v]š
u}‰š
šZŒ}µPZšZ
WŒlvZ
Œ
š]}v^šŒš
P]Wov
v‰Œ}À]
vvvµoµ‰š
}v‰Œ}PŒ
X~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl

‰Œšu
všvšZ
]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]


x }u‰o
š
]u‰Œ}À
u
všš
Po
WŒlW}}oŒ
oš
š}šZ
Œ
‰o
u
vš}(šZ

lU‰}}o‰oš
ŒUµolZ
U
v‰}}oo]PZš]vPX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

x 
P]v
]Pv}(dZ}u‰}vWŒlX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZWµo]t}Œl ‰Œšu
vš

x }vš]vµ
šZ

]Pv}(D}vš>}u^Z}}o&]
oŒ
v}Àš]}vX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZWµo]t}Œl

‰Œšu
vš
11
x 
P]v]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(]uu
]š
š]}v]š
u}‰š
šZŒ}µPZšZ
]}]À
Œ]šÇvhŒv&}Œ
šWov
v‰Œ}À]
vvvµoµ‰š
}v‰Œ}PŒ
X~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl

‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]

11
x 
P]v]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(šZ
v
Á}u‰µš
Œ]Ì
D]vš
vv
DvP
u
vš^ǐš
u~DD^}(šÁŒ
(}Œ
Á}Œl ‰ov v 
š uvP
u
vš ]v šZ
 W ŒlU h Œv & }Œ
šU v ^ Z}Œ
o]v
 ]À]]}vX

x }vš]vµ
µ‰PŒ]vPv
vZv]vPšZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒšZ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšÁ]šZu}
Œv}µvU
o]PZš]vPUvµ]}lÀ]µoÇš
uš}u

šµŒŒ
vš‰Œ}µš]}všvŒUÁZ]o
o}µ‰š]vP
š]vPv
‰Œ}À]]vP]u‰Œ}À
š]l
š]vP}(šÁŒ
v(o
Æ]o

À
všuvP
u
všX

x WŒ
‰Œ
(}ŒšZ
 DsW [ ïñšZ vv]À
ŒŒÇU  u]o
š}v
 šZš Z]PZo]PZš D }µvš]v s ]
Á[
vµŒ]vP
}uu]šu
všš}šZ
‰
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšvšZ
}uuµv]šÇ[À]šoµ‰‰}Œš}À
ŒšZ
Ç
ŒX


4-51 Table of Contents 397
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}
µP
š

Ɖ
v]šµŒ

(}Œ
‰Œšu
vš
}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ñíXï9 Díìì9
î u]v]šŒš]}v
K‰
v‰
Œ
‰
Œ
íUììì‰}‰µoš]}v
~]voµ]vPE}ŒšZ
ǐZ}Œ
X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eï Eï Eï
ï

vš
Œ(}Œ
W
Œ(}Œu]vP
Œš
Eµu
Œ}(
‰
Œ(}Œuv
(}ŒšZ

D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ
(}ŒšZ
W
Œ(}Œu]vP
ŒšW
   
XD]všP
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 îñì íðñ îðì~
X^
}všP
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 íóì ôò íòì
ð hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇ
Eµu
Œ}(šŒ


šŒ]uu
v‰
Œ
vš
šŒ]uu
š}šo}(
šŒ

u]vš]v
X
t}Œlo} ñUììì ñUòôò òUììì
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íò9 íõ9 îì9
ñ hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇ Eµu
Œ}(šŒ


‰ovš
X t}Œlo} îìì ïî ïìì
ò WŒl
Eµu
Œ}(‰Œlv
}‰
v‰
Œ

u]vš]v
v}š}(
u]vš
vv
‰
ŒŒ

t}Œlo} r E l~ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 D¨îñUììì ¨îìUõïõ D¨îñUììì
4-52 Table of Contents 398
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
~
Æoµ]vPvšµŒo
Z]ššX
ó WŒl W
Œ‰ŒlŒ
Áš
Œ
}vµu‰š]}vX W
Œ(}Œuv
 Dõììµv]š ðíõ Dõììµv]š
ô WŒl
Eµu
Œ}(‰oÇPŒ}µv
]v‰
š]}v}u‰o
š

v‰
Œ
vš}(
‰oÇPŒ}µv]v‰
š
X
t}Œlo} r ïìó r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 ñì9 íìì9
õ Z
Œ
š]}v
d}šovµu
Œ}(
Œ
Œ
š]}v‰Œ}PŒu
‰Œš]]‰vššZšŒ
W
   
Xz}µšZ t}Œlo} r òUìññ r
Xµoš t}Œlo} r ðïð r
íì Z
Œ
š]}v
W
Œ
vš}(Œ
Œ
š]}v
‰Œ}PŒu‰Œš]]‰vš
šZšŒ
D}µvš]v
s]
ÁŒ
]
všX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eôñ9 õí9 Eôñ9
íí Z
Œ
š]}v
Eµu
Œ}(

‰Œšu
všro

‰
]o
À
všǐX
t}Œlo} r ðó r
íî Z
Œ
š]}v
W
Œ
vš}(‰]šÇ(}Œ
(]o]šÇµ
~Z}µŒ
}}l
lš}šoZ}µŒ
À]oo
W
   
X}uuµv]šÇ

vš
Œ W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eîñ9 îï9 Eîñ9
X^
v]}Œ
vš
Œ W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïñ9 îñ9 Eïñ9
X}
µ]o]vP W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïñ9 íò9 Eïñ9
X'Çu W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eñì9 ïð9 Eñì9

XšZo
š]&]
o W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïì9 íõ9 Eïì9
(XYŒ
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïì9 îñ9 Eïì9
íï Z
Œ
š]}v
W
Œ
vš}(PŒ}ÁšZ]v
vµu
Œ}(Z
Œ
š]}v
‰Œ}PŒu‰Œš]]‰všX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ñ9 Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ ñ9
íð '}o(
W
Œ
vš}(}š
Œ
}À
ŒÇ(}ŒP}o(
}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(l
D}µvš]vs]
Á‹µ
Œ]

Œ

]À
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïîì r
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(šµ
vš
šZššš
v


Œ /v(}Œuš]}vo r íUðóó r
4-53 Table of Contents 399
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
,}oo}Á&Œu(}Œ
Z}}orÇ
Œ(]
ošŒ]‰X


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(šŒ



o]À
Œ
š}Œ
]
vš
šZŒ}µPZšZ
Œ}ŒÇ
dŒ

']À
ÁÇ
‰Œ}PŒu
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íõî r


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(u
o
‰Œ}À]
šZŒ}µPZšZ

^
v]}ŒEµšŒ]š]}v
WŒ}PŒuX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r îïUòîð r


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(š]l
š}o
(}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
š
šZ

vš
Œ(}ŒšZ

W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïïUîìô r


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(Z}µŒ
Œ

ŒÀ
ššZ

}uuµv]šÇ
vš
ŒU
^
v]}Œ
vš
ŒU,]š}Œ]
}
µ]o]vPU
PÇuv]µuUY
Œ
všZo
š]
(]
oX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïôUîñð r


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(Œ
Œ
š]}v
ovu‰

vŒ}oou
vš
šŒvš]}v
‰Œ}

X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïUõîô r


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(š

všZš
šš
v
d

v:}
&]ŒX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ì~ r


‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(À]]š}Œš}
šZ
Z
vPš}Œ((,}µ

šZŒ}µPZšZ
Z]š}Œ]
Z}u
š}µŒ‰Œ}PŒuX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ôóò r

1 ~ dŒP
šo]PZšoÇo}Á
Œ(}Œ&zîòrîóu]vš
vv
Á]oo
}µŒŒ]vPšDsWX
~ Eµu
Œ }( Œ
 u]vš]v
 vvµooÇ ] µŒŒ
všoÇ u
µŒ
 š îíò Œ
X Œ
 u]vš]v
 ] v}š šŒl

u}všZoǐ}šZ
Œ
]v}òru}všZšµoš}Œ
‰}ŒšX
~ d

vi}(]ŒŒ
]v‰Œ]vP
}vX
 
4-54 Table of Contents 400
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švš}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
]Œ
š}Œ î î î
^Z}Œ
o]v
DvP
Œ í í í
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšDvP
Œ í í í
hŒv&}Œ
šDvP
Œ í í í
WŒlvK‰
v^‰
DvP
Œ í í í
Z
Œ
š]}vDvP
Œ í í í
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ ï ï ï
hŒv&}Œ
š^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
WŒl^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ ñ ñ ñ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš}}Œ]vš}Œ í í í
Z
Œ
š]}v^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ ð ð ð
^
v]}ŒZ
Œ
š]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ ñ ñ ñ
Z
Œ
š]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ ó ó ó
hŒv&}Œ
š}}Œ]vš}Œ í í í
dŒ

dŒ]uu
Œ/// í í í
dŒ

dŒ]uu
Œ/l// ð ð ð
WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/// íî  íïŽî  íðŽï
WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l// îò  îòŽî îò
^µ‰
ŒÀ]]vPWŒlvK‰
v^‰
t}Œl
Œ í í í
dŒ]ovK‰
v^‰
t}Œl
Œ/l// ì ì  ñŽð
WŒlvK‰
v^‰
t}Œl
Œ/l//  ñ ñ  ìŽð
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš í í í
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
WŒ}i
šu]v]šŒš}Œ í í í

Æ
µš]À
]švš í í í
WŒ}PŒu]švš í í í
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš î î î
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš íXñ  íXñ  íXñ
K((]
]švš î î î
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš]švš î î î
Z
Œ
š]}v^‰
]o]š í í í
t]oo](
WŒ

ŒÀš]}v}}Œ]vš}Œ í í í
^
v]}Œd]l
š^
ŒÀ]
Z
‰Œ

všš]À
 í í í
Z
Œ
š]}v>

Œ// ìXóñ ìXóñ ìXóñ
d}šoZ
PµoŒ õõXîñ íììXîñ íìíXîñ
d}šoWŒšrd]u
,}µŒoÇ ññXôð ññXôð ñóXóíŽï
d}šoW}]š]}v íññXìõŽí íñòXìõŽí íñóXìõŽí Ží / v]š]}všZ
Œ
]o]u]š
r‰
Œ]}^
v]}Œ^šP
Zv‰}]š]}vX
Žî D ]Ç
ŒŒ
o](]š]}v}(WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l//‰}]š]}vš}WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ///v]š]}v
}(WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l//‰}]š]}v
Žï ]š]}v}(WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ///‰}]š]}vvZ}µŒoÇ^šP
ZvÁP
X
Žð D]Ç
ŒŒ
o](]š]}v}((]À
WŒlvK‰
v^‰
t}Œl
Œ/l//‰}]š]}vš}dŒ]ovK‰
v^‰
t}Œl
Œ/l//X
4-55 Table of Contents 401
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš



Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ íõUíðõUíõô îïUìôíUññî îðUìôóUííí ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    íîUîôìUðìò íïUîíõUòìð íïUðõðUòóñ ‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  ñóñUòôï ðôíUòìì ðñîUììì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  òîôUññð óïìUììì ôììUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ïîUòïïUôðí ïóUñíîUóñò ïôUôïïUóôò

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
u]v]šŒš]}v  îUíìóUììî îUíõñUõóì îUïííUóñõ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš  îUîíðUîðî îUîôíUõóò îUôóôUôõð
^Z}Œ
o]v
  îUîñïUôóî ïUíïïUîîî ïUìôíUìîò
^Z}Œ
o]v
'}o(>]vllZ
šµŒvš  ðUíõóUîñí ðUîïîUíòï ðUñôìUôñò
hŒv&}Œ
šŒÇ  îUóíõUíìõ ïUîòíUîìî ïUðïôUïíõ
WŒlvK‰
v^‰
  íìUðóõUîìï íîUïõõUôñõ íîUðôòUóðô
Z
Œ
š]}v  ôUòòïUíòî íìUììôUïòð íìUìñòUíôð
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  ïîUòïïUôðí ïóUñíîUóñò ïôUôïïUóôò

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  îîUðõòUðìõ îòUíìîUòôó îòUôòôUìïï
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  ðìñUòòð ðîñUõìì ðïòUðìì
^Z}Œ
o]v
'}o(>]vllZ
šµŒvš  ðUíõóUîñí ðUîïîUíòï ðUñôìUôñò
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  ñUìôðUîóñ òUðôîUõìò òUòîòUõõó

‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
všZ

ŒÀ
  ðñìUîðî îòõUíìì ïîíUñìì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ ïîUòïïUôðí ïóUñíîUóñò ïôUôïïUóôò

Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
&]v
˜&}Œ(
]šµŒ
 ¨ ïôUïðì ïUììì ïUììì
Z
vš˜>

  íUíõôUîóó íUìíîUõìì õðïUììì
>}o/vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všoZ
À
vµ
  íðîUóìì íðïUììì íðïUììì
Z
Œ
š]}v^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  îUóòõUìïì îUñõôUðìì îUôïòUôìì
'}o(}µŒ
^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  ïUíìõUìòì ïUíòîUðïì ïUôîôUìïò
Z
šµŒvšZ
À
vµ
  íUïîîUìôí íUñîóUîìì íUðõñUîòò
'
v
Œo^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  ïõóUìòô ïòõUñìì ðìñUñìì
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  õòõUõïò óõôUðìì íUìðìUíìì
/vš
Œ(µvZ
À
vµ
dŒv(
Œ  ññUììì ññUììì ññUììì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ íìUììíUðõî õUòòõUôïì íìUóðõUóìî

 
4-56 Table of Contents 402
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
^šP
ZvtP


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒÁP
(}ŒZ}µŒoÇ^šP
ZvššZ

D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš~DsWš}
µ‰‰}ŒšÇ
ŒrŒ}µv}‰
Œš]}vX ¨ óïUõìì

íñìUììì

îîïUõìì
&}Œ
šŒÇKµšŒ
Zv
µš]}v

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
v
Ɖv
ŒÀ]
Á]šZšZ

v}vr‰Œ}(]šv}‰Ç(}Œ}uuµv]šÇ}µšŒ
ZU
µš]}v
‰Œ}PŒuUvšŒ

‰ovš]vPX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
dŒ

D]š]Pš]}v&µvX

r

íîñUììì

íîñUììì
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX

ïUìïïUóìì

õîUñìì

ïUíîòUîìì
š]À
E
š&

/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
}š}(šZ

‰Œšu
vš–
Œ
P]šŒš]}v}(šÁŒ
Çš
uUš]À
E
šX

íîõUììì

óóUììì

îìòUììì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

òñîUììì

òïUììì

óíñUììì
>v‰
D]vš
vv
}všŒš

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
Œ}Áǐov‰

u]vš
vv
}všŒšX

ïòìUõìì

ððUôìì

ðìñUóìì
WŒ]vš]vP^
ŒÀ]
(}ŒšZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}Œ
W
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš~DsW

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ‰Œ}µš]}vv]šŒ]µš]}v

ŒÀ]
}(‰Œ]vš
uš
Œ]o(}ŒšZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ
(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš~DsWX

ðìUîìì

ïòUììì

óòUîìì
WŒ]

o
Œš]}v
À
vš

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
}š}(‰
Œ}vv
oUÀ
Œš]]vPUv
}všŒšŒ
oš
š}šZ
vvµoWŒ]

o
Œš]}v
À
všX

r

ïðUïìì

ïðUïìì
4-57 Table of Contents 403
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
dŒ]v]vPv}v(
Œ
v


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
}š}(
À
o}‰u
všU
šŒ]v]vPUv}v(
Œ
v
(}ŒšZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP
&µvvšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX ¨ ïìUóìì

îìUììì

ñìUóìì
}uuµv]šÇWŒ}PŒuu]vP

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}ŒšÇ
ŒrŒ}µv]voµ]À

‰
Œ(}Œuv
v‰Œ}PŒuu]vPššZ
DP]oŒ]P

WoÇPŒ}µv–}uuµv]šÇšP
X

r

íôUòìì

íôUòìì
Z
oo}š
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš
~DsWs
vµ
DvP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ
}š

Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš(}ŒšZ

D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš~DsWs
vµ

DvP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ
X

r

íôUñìì

íôUñìì
}µvšÇ
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo,
ošZW
Œu]š&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œvvµo‰
Œu]š(

]µ
ÇšZ

^všoŒ}µvšÇ
‰Œšu
vš}(
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo,
ošZXdZ

š}šo}š}(¨ðUñìì]}((
šÇÁP
]všZ
'
v
Œo
K‰
Œš]vP&µvX

r

r

r
Z
oo}š
:v]š}Œ]o^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všš}šZ
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš(}Œiv]š}Œ]o

ŒÀ]
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

ïôñUîìì

~ïôñUîìì

r

'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš~DsWïñšZ
vv]À
ŒŒÇ
À
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}Œš‰Œ}PŒuu]vP(}ŒšZ
ïñšZ
vv]À
ŒŒÇ}(šZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒšX ¨ r

íôòUîìì

íôòUîìì
^
v]}Œ^šP
ZvW}]š]}v~íXì&d
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
o]u]š
r‰
Œ]}^
v]}Œ
^šP
Zv‰}]š]}vX

r

íñôUóìì

íñôUóìì
4-58 Table of Contents 404
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
W}Á
ŒtZ]vP^
ŒÀ]
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ‰}Á
ŒÁZ]vP
ŒÀ]
o}vP
šZ
šŒ}^šŒ

šW

šŒ]vDoo}ŒŒ]}ŒX ¨ r

ðòUñìì

ðòUñìì
d

vWŒ}PŒuu]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}oo
P
vŒ

Œr}Œ]
vš
‰Œ}PŒuš
dZ
s]
Ád

v
vš
ŒX

r

îôUììì

îôUììì

oo]‰š]oššZ
^
v]}Œ
vš
Œ~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ
oo]‰š]oššZ
^
v]}Œ
vš
ŒX

r

íóUììì

íóUììì

^Z}Œ
o]v
'}o(>]vl&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX ¨ òííUòìì

íòõUõìì

óôíUñìì

D]Z
oš^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
šµŒvš&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX ¨ íïóUòìì

ôUðìì

íðòUììì

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]}o}P]o^
ŒÀ]
}všŒš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ]}o}P]o}všŒš}Œ
ŒÀ]
š
^Z}Œ
o]v
X ¨ r

îíìUììì

îíìUììì
WŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ///W}]š]}v~íXì&d


WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒWŒlD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ///
‰}]š]}vX

r

îìóUîìì

îìóUîìì
4-59 Table of Contents 405
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX ¨ ôñìUììì

ññUíìì

õìñUíìì
>v‰
D]vš
vv
}všŒš

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
Œ}Áǐov‰

u]vš
vv
}všŒšX

óòUñìì

îôUîìì

íìðUóìì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

óôUììì

óUììì

ôñUììì
dŒ]v]vPv}v(
Œ
v


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
}š}(
À
o}‰u
všU
šŒ]v]vPUv}v(
Œ
v
(}ŒšZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP
&µvvšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

îUóìì

îUîìì

ðUõìì
Z
oo}š
:v]š}Œ]o^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všš}šZ
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš(}Œiv]š}Œ]o

ŒÀ]
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

óïUóìì

~óïUóìì

r

dŒ

D]š]Pš]}v&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
&}Œ
šŒÇKµšŒ
Zv
µš]}v}všŒš~v}‰Ç

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
v
Ɖv
ŒÀ]
Á]šZšZ

v}vr‰Œ}(]šv}‰Ç(}Œ}uuµv]šÇ}µšŒ
ZU
µš]}v
‰Œ}PŒuUvšŒ

‰ovš]vPX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
dŒ

D]š]Pš]}v&µvX ¨ r

îììUììì

îììUììì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-60 Table of Contents 406
&/EE
ED/E/^dZd/s
^
Zs/
^
WZdD
Ed


1 
 
WhZ,^/E'E^hWWKZd
^
Zs/
^

í W µŒZ]vPv
^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]

DvP
Œ
~vvD
Zš
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒŸÀ

]švš

WµŒZ]vP

î ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
vš
voǐš
í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
vš
voǐš~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}
í ^ µ‰
ŒÀ]]vPµÇ
Œ
î  ]švšµÇ
Œl
µÇ
Œ
í  u]v]šŒŸÀ

]švš
ìXóñ t Œ
Z}µ
t}Œl
Œ

^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]


í  }‰Ç
vš
Œ
d
Zv]]v
h'
dEE>z^/^

í & ]vv
DvP
Œ
~
oo]}šz}µvPŽ
í ^
v]}Œ&]vv]o
voǐš
í & ]vv]ovoǐš/l//
KhEd/E'

í  }µvŸvPDvP
Œ
~,
o
v,

í ^
v]}Œ}µvšvš
í ^
v]}Œ^ǐš
u
voǐš
í  }µvšvš/l//
ìXñ Wnj}oo}µvšvš

}µvšWÇo


í  }µvŸvP
d
Zv]]v
í  }µvšo
Œl/l//
í  }µvšo
Œl/l//
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

Wnj}oo

í ^
v]}ŒWnj}oo
}µvšvš
íXñ Wnj}oo}µvšvš
í W nj}ood
Zv]]v
Z/^<DE'
D
Ed

í Z ]lDvP
Œ
~^uZ]šZµšZÁ
í  voǐš/l//
&/EE
ED/E/^dZd/s
^
Zs/
^/Z
dKZ
~
Œ
lZu‰}v

^^/^dEd&/EE
ED/E/^dZd/s

^
Zs/
^/Z
dKZ
~'Œ
Z
vP
Z
s
Eh


í & ]vv
DvP
Œ
~:µvEPµÇ
v
í & ]vv]ovoǐš/l//
í & ]vv]ovoǐš/l//
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}
í  µš}u
Œ^
ŒÀ]

^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
î  }µvŸvP
d
Zv]]v
í  }µvšo
Œl/l//
î  µš}u
Œ^
ŒÀ]

Z
‰Œ

všŸÀ

&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W ïòXì &µoord]u

 ìXóñ Z
PµoŒWŒšrd]u

  ïXì > ]u]š
rW
Œ]}
Žhv
Œ.oo
WŒ]v]‰o&]vv]ovoǐšX

&/EE/>D/E/^dZd/KE

ìXñ WŒ]v]‰o&]vv]ovoǐš
í
Æ
µš]À
]švš

dŒ
µŒÇ

ìXñ WŒ]v]‰o&]vv]ovoǐš

4-61 Table of Contents 407
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš


WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

&]vv]oš
ÁŒZ]‰šZŒ}µPZ}oo}Œš]}vUšŒv‰Œ
vÇUv‹µo]šÇ
ŒÀ]
X


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš]Œ
‰}v]o
(}Œu]v]šŒš]}v}(šZ
(]vv]o((]Œv
]vš
Œvoµ‰‰}Œšš]À]š]
}(šZ
]šÇV‰Œ}À]]vP(]vv]olvoǚ]oU‰µŒZ]vPUvt}Œl Œ[}u‰
vš]}vv
o]]o]šÇµ‰‰}Œšš}oo]šÇ
‰Œšu
všv‰Œ}PŒuVuvP]vPšZ
]šÇ[]vÀ
šu
vš‰}Œš(}o]}Vv}}Œ]vš]vP
šZ
]šÇ[µP
š‰Œ}
vvvµo]v
‰
v
všµ]šX^‰
](]ooÇUšZ

‰Œšu
vš‰Œ}

‰nj}ooU}µvš
Œ

]Ào
Uµš]o]šÇ]oo]vPUoo]šÇŒ
À
vµ
U}µvš]vP
všŒ]
U}µvš‰Ço
U(]vv]oŒ
‰}Œš]vPU‰µŒZ

}Œ
ŒU o}Œ }u‰o]v
U }všŒš }µu
všU v t}Œl
Œ[ }u‰
vš]}v v ‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ o} o]uX  dZ


‰Œšu
vš]o}Œ
‰}v]o
(}ŒÁŒ
Z}µ]vPv
všŒoŒ

]À]vPU}‰Ç]vPv‰Œ]vš]vPUvu]o(}Œ]vš
Œvo
µ‰‰}Œš(µvš]}vvuvP
šZ
]šÇ[P
v
Œoo]]o]šÇU‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ]vµŒv
Uv]vµšŒ]o]]o]šÇŒ
š]Œ
u
vš
‰Œ}PŒuX/v]š]}vUšZ

‰Œšu
vš‰Œ}À]
š((µ‰‰}Œšš}šZ
}µv]o&]vv
}uu]šš

v/vÀ
šu
vš
Z
À]
Á}uu]šš

X


WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^









&]vv]ou]v]šŒŸ}v
dZ
&]vv]ou]v]šŒŸ}v]À]]}vuvP
šZ
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všU
‰Œ}À]]vPo

ŒZ]‰U‰}o]Ç
À
o}‰u
všUu]v]šŒŸÀ
vš
Zv]oµ‰‰}ŒšUvŒ

Œ

À
o}‰u
všvšŒ]v]vP}‰‰}Œšµv]Ÿ
X
µP
švvoǐ]
dZ
µP
švvoǐ]]À]]}vµ‰‰}ŒššZ
]šÇ}µv]oU]šÇDvP
Œ[K8
Uv}šZ
Œ]šÇ

‰Œšu
všÇvoÇÌ]vP
}v}u]šŒ
vU(}Œ
ŸvPŒ
À
vµ
Uu}v]š}Œ]vP.vv
UuvP]vPšZ

µP
ŸvPÇš
uUv‰Œ}µ]vP.vv]oŒ
‰}ŒšvµP
š}µu
všX
Z
À
vµ

dZ
Z
À
vµ
]À]]}vuvP
]oo]vPU}oo
Ÿ}vUv
‰}]š(}ŒÀŒ]}µ]šÇ
ŒÀ]
UšŒlŒ
À
vµ
]v
šZ
.vv]oÇš
uUv
ŒÀ
šZ
‰Œ]uŒÇµš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
}všš(}ŒšZ
&]vv
v
u]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všX
}µvŸvP
dZ
}µvŸvP]À]]}v}À
Œ

šZ
]šÇ[.vv]oŒ
}Œ]v}u‰o]v
Á]šZŒ
PµoŸ}vv}µvŸvP
švŒUuvP
]šÇÁ]
}µvŸvP‰}o]]
U}}Œ]vš
µ]šUv‰Œ
‰Œ
.vv]oŒ
‰}ŒšX/š
o}Zvo
}µvš‰Ço
nj
}v]o]vP.vv]o}µu
všv‰Œ}

]Á

loljnj}oov
Œ
oš

u‰o}Ç


v
.šŒ
‰}ŒšX
4-62 Table of Contents 408
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš






WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvŸ}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvŸ}vZu
µŒ
Ÿ
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x W ovU u}v]š}ŒU v Œ
‰}Œš ]v  š]u
oÇ v µŒš
 uvv
Œ šZ
 ]šÇ[ (]vv]o v µP
šŒÇ ‰}]š]}vV
‰Œ}À]
(]vv]ovoǐ]vŒ
}uu
vš]}v}vui}Œ(]vv]o]µ
(]vPšZ
]šÇX~WDíUñ

x D vP
šZ
]šÇµP
š‰Œ}
v‰Œ}µ
šZ
vvµo]šÇµP
šX~WDî

x W Œ}À]
š((µ‰‰}Œšš}šZ
}µv]o&]vv
}uu]šš

~&v/vÀ
šu
všZ
À]
Á}uu]šš

~/ZX

x D vP
]vÀ
šu
vš}(]šÇ(µvÁ]šZšZ
}i
š]À
}(u]v]u]Ì]vPŒ]lvu

š]vPZ(o}ÁŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
vš
ÁZ]o

Œv]vPuŒl
šŒš
}(Œ
šµŒvX

x D vP
 šZ
 ]šÇ[ 
š }o]Pš]}vU ]voµ]vP ‰
]o 
u
vš 
šV u}v]š}Œ šZ
 ]šÇ[ Œ
]š Œš]vPV
Œ
}uu
vvuvP
]µv
}(v
Á
𐉉Œ}‰Œ]š
X~WDð

x W Œ}À]
š]u
oÇUµŒš
Uv}šr
((]]
vš(]vv]o‰Œ}
]vPX~WDôUõ

x W Œ}
 ]oo]vP v }oo
š]}v }( ZŒP
 (}Œ µš]o]šÇ v u]
oov
}µ 
ŒÀ]
U ‰Œ}À]]vP  Z]PZ o
À
o }(
µŒÇvµš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
š}Œ
]
všvµ]v

X~WDò

x D vP
šZ
]šÇ[
všŒo]Ì
(]vv]oUµP
šŒÇ}všŒ}oUv‰nj}ool,ZÇš
uU
o]À
Œ]vPµŒš
v
š]u
oljŒ}
]vP}((]vv]ošŒvš]}vv}vrš]u
]v(}Œuš]}vX~WDñUõ

x  }}Œ]vš
 v ]š Á]šZ šZ
 ]šÇ[ vvµo ]v
‰
v
vš µ]šV ‰Œ
‰Œ
 šZ
 vvµo }u‰Œ
Z
v]À

&]vv]oZ
‰}ŒšUŒ
‹µ]Œ
^šš
Œ
‰}ŒšUv}šZ
ŒŒ
‰}Œšv

ŒÇX~WDîUïUó

x W Œ}À]

((]]
všv
((
š]À

všŒo]Ì
‰µŒZ]vP
ŒÀ]
UŒ
‹µ]Œ
ÇšZ
]šÇZŒš
Œv]šÇ}
U
vuÆ]uµuŒ
šµŒv}všZ
o
}(µŒ‰oµ‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇX~WDíìUííUíîUíï

x W Œ}À]
}šr
v
(]]oU
všŒo]Ì
}µu
všŒ
‰Œ}µš]}vUvu]o]šŒ]µš]}v
ŒÀ]
X~WDíð

WµŒZ]vPv^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]

dZ
WµŒZ]vPv^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
]À]]}v}À
Œ

šZ
]šÇ–‰Œ}µŒ
u
všvµ‰‰}Œš(µvŸ}vU

vµŒ]vP}šr
+
ŸÀ
‹µ]]Ÿ}v}(P}}v
ŒÀ]
UuvP]vP}všŒšUvZvo]vP
ÁŒ
Z}µ]vPUu]oUvµŒ‰oµ‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇX/šo}‰Œ}À]
‰}}oÀ
Z]o
U‰Œ]vŸvPUPŒ‰Z]
]PvUv
}šZ
Œµ‰‰}Œš
ŒÀ]
š}]šÇ
‰Œšu
všX
Z]lDvP
u
vš
dZ
Z]lDvP
u
vš]À]]}v}À
Œ

šZ
]šÇ[
Ɖ}µŒ
š}o}ÇuvP]vP]vµŒv
U
o(r]vµŒv
U
Á}Œl‰o
(
šÇUvo]]o]šÇ‰Œ}PŒuU]voµ]vPt}Œl
Œ[}u‰
vŸ}vv‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇo}Œ
}À
ŒÇX/š
o}Zvo
K^,Œ
‰}ŒŸvPvÀ]

‰Œšu
vš}v}všŒš]vµŒv
Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX
4-63 Table of Contents 409
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

x D vP
 šZ
 ]šÇ[ }u‰Œ
Z
v]À
 P
v
Œo o]]o]šÇU ‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇU o} }všŒ}oU t}Œl
Œ[ }u‰
vš]}vU v
]vµšŒ]o]]o]šÇŒ
š]Œ
u
vš‰Œ}PŒuU]voµ]vP
o(r]vµŒv
‰Œ}PŒuv
Æ
]vµŒv
}À
ŒP

(}ŒššŒ}‰Z]o}X~WDíñUíò

D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

x }vŸvµ
š}µ‰š
}µv]oW}o]]
Uo
P]oŸÀ
l}všŒšš
u‰oš
Uv}šZ
Œ}µu
všX~}oo}ŒŸ}v
Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU &]vv
 v u]v]šŒŸÀ
 ^
ŒÀ]
U v /v(}ŒuŸ}v d
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇ©}Œv
Ç[U]šÇo
Œl[Uv]šÇDvP
Œ[K8


x /u‰o
u
vššZ
]šÇ[v
Áhš]o]šÇ]oo]vP]voµ]vPÇš
u}v(]PµŒš]}vUš
š]vPUvP}ro]À
Uš}šŒ
uo]v

]oo]vP v ‰Çu
vš ‰Œ}
]vPU ]u‰Œ}À
 µŒÇ v
((]]
vÇU v
vZv
 šZ
 }À
Œoo µš}u
Œ

Ɖ
Œ]
v
X

x Z
‰o
 šE}Á Çš
u v 
P]v ]u‰o
u
všš]}v }( v
Á Z]
Œ]vP Çš
uU ]voµ]vP v
Á µ]v

o]
v
Çš
uX

x /u‰o
u
vš (]o Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
vš Œ
oš
 š} ‰}š
vš]o îìîò Z
À
vµ
 D
µŒ
U ]( ‰
 Ç šZ
 À}š
Œ ]v
E}À
u
ŒîìîòX

x WŒ}µŒ
 }všŒš uvP
u
vš }(šÁŒ
 Çš
u ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ &]vv
 v u]v]šŒš]À
 ^
ŒÀ]

v/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
všv]šÇšš}Œv
Ç[K((]
X

x ]š Wµo] t}Œl 
‰Œšu
vš Á]šZ ‰Œ}µŒ
u
vš v ]u‰o
u
všš]}v }( šZ
 ^uŒš D
š
Œ WŒ}PŒuX
~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]
vWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX

x 
À
o}‰v]u‰o
u
vš(}ŒuošŒµšµŒ
}v}Œ]vP‰Œ}PŒu‰
](]š}&^
u‰o}Ç

š}µ‰‰}Œš

ŒoÇvo}vPrš
Œuµ
U}v]š
vÇUvlv}Áo
P
šŒv(
ŒX

x WŒšv
Œ Á]šZ šZ

}v}u] s]šo]šÇ d
u š} ]u‰o
u
vš  }}Œ]vš
U uµoš]r
‰Œšu
v𠉉Œ}Z (}Œ
}µšŒ
Zš}šZ
]šÇ[š}‰o
UšŒv]
vš}µ‰vÇUvµ]v
o]
v
šƉÇ
ŒX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ
šZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všv&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všX

x /u‰o
u
vš(]vv]vP‰ovv}vP}]vP(]o}À
Œ]PZš(}ŒšZ
Wµo]^(
šÇµ]o]vP‰Œ}i
šX




 
4-64 Table of Contents 410
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 òìXô9 Díìì9
î 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(vvµoÁŒ
Œ

]À
]vŒ
oš]}vš}
vµu
Œ}(ÁŒ‰‰o]

(}Œ(Œ}u‰Œ}(
]}vo
}]š]}vX
íXvvµo}u‰Œ
Z
v]À

&]vv]oZ
‰}Œš~&Z
ÁŒ
îXµP
šÁŒ~šÁ}
ïXWŒ}µŒ
u
všÁŒ
ðXW}‰µoŒvvµo
&]vv]oZ
‰}Œš~W&Z
ÁŒ
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ñWñ ðWî~ ñWñ
ï 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(Œ
Pµoš}ŒÇ
Œ
‰}Œš(]o
v‰
Œ
vš]v
}u‰o]v
v}vš]u
X
t}Œlo} r ð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
ð dŒ
µŒÇ D]vš]všZ
]šÇ–Œ
]š
Œš]vPšX W
Œ(}Œuv
 z
 z
 z

4-65 Table of Contents 411
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
ñ µP
š
W
Œ
všP
ÀŒ]v


šÁ

v
š]uš
šµo
(Œ}uu]Ç
εP
š
µ‰š
v(]vošµo(}Œ
ui}ŒŒ
À
vµ
~‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ
šÆUo
šÆUšŒv]
vš
}µ‰vÇšÆUv
Œ
všlo

X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 =lrñ9 Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ =lrñ9
ò Z
À
vµ

Eµu
Œ}(µš]o]šÇ]oo]vP
Ço
‰Œ}

v
‰
Œ
vš}u‰o
š
Á]šZ]v
îìǐ}(šZ
u
š
Œ
Œ
]vPX
t}Œlo} r ïì r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 íìì9 õì9
ó }µvš]vP
dZ
]šÇ–vvµo(]vv]o
Œ
‰}Œš]
Œš](]
ÇšZ

]v
‰
v
všµ]š(]Œuv
Œ

]À
vµvu}](]

}‰]v]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 z
 z
 z

ô }µvš
WÇo

/vŒ

]v‰
Œ
všP
}(
À
v}Œlµš}u
Œµ]vP
]Œ
š
‰}]š(}Œ‰Çu
všU

}vîíôÀ
v}ŒX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eí9 ó9 Eí9
õ Wnj}oo
W
Œ
vš}(‰nj}oo‰Çu
vš
‰Œ}

}µš]
}(šZ

v}ŒuoÇo
U
}v
ííUòîî‰Çu
všX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Dí9 Dí9 Dí9
íì WµŒZ]vP
W
Œ
všP
}(š]u
‰µŒZ

}Œ
Œ]µ
š]u
oÇW
óǐ~WµŒZ
v}š
Œ
‹µ]Œ]vP]š]}vo]}Œ
}µu
vš
íðǐ~WµŒZ

Œ
‹µ]Œ]vP]š]}vo
}µu
vš
ïìǐ~/v(}Œuo
‰µŒZ
Œ
‹µ]Œ]vP]
Á]šZ‰
](]š]}v}Œ}‰

}(Á}Œl
òìǐ~&}Œuo‰µŒZ

Œ
‹µ]Œ]vP]vv}š]]vP
õìríîìǐZ
‹µ
š(}Œ
WŒ}‰}ov}šZ
Œ
}u‰o
ƉµŒZ

W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eôõ9 ôõXï9 Eôõ9
4-66 Table of Contents 412
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
íí WµŒZ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(}o]]šš]}vv
‰
Œ
všÁŒ
Á]šZ]v
PŒ

µ‰}vš]u
(Œu
X
t}Œlo} r ðñì r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eôñ9 ôõ9 Eôñ9
íî WµŒZ]vP Eµu
Œ}(}všŒšv
PŒ

u
všX t}Œlo} r ïñî r
íï WµŒZ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(}všŒš]µ

š]u
oÇW
^švŒPŒ

u
všWíñ
ǐ
E}vršvŒPŒ

u
všW
ïìǐ
t}Œlo} r îõï r
íð WµŒZ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(}‰Ç
vš
Œ
Á}Œl}Œ
Œv‰
Œ
vš
}u‰o
š
Á]šZ]vPŒ


µ‰}vš]u
(Œu
X
t}Œlo} r íîð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõõ9 íìì9 Eõõ9
íñ Z]l
DvP
u
vš
d}šo}š}(Á}Œl
Œ–
}u‰
vš]}v‰Œ}PŒu
‰
Œ
všP
}(‰nj}ooX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Dï9 ïXî9 Dï9
íò Z]l
DvP
u
vš
Zš]}}(Á}Œl
Œ–
}u‰
vš]}vo]uo}

š}o]u}‰
v
X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íWí íXíðWí íWí
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
Œ

]À
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r ïí r
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
~ vvµo}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
&]vv]oZ
‰}Œš~&ZvµP
š~o](}Œv]^}]
šÇ}(Dµv]]‰o&]vv
K((]
Œ
€^D&KÁŒZÀ


vµu]šš
(}ŒXW}‰µoŒvvµo&]vv]oZ
‰}Œš~W&ZÁŒÁ]oo
µu]šš

(}ŒXZ
µošŒ
µvlv}Ávµš]š]vš]]‰š
šZššZ
]šÇÁ]oo}vš]vµ
š}Œ

]À
šZ

ÁŒX
 
4-67 Table of Contents 413
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]
]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švš&]vv
vu]v^
ŒÀ]
]Œ
š}Œ í í í
WµŒZ]vPv^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
DvP
Œ í í í
Z]lDvP
Œ í í í
}µvš]vPDvP
Œ í í í
&]vv
DvP
Œ î î î
WŒ]v]‰o&]vv]ovoǐš ì íŽî í
^
v]}Œ^ǐš
uvoǐš ì ì íŽó
^
v]}ŒWnj}oo}µvšvš í í í
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš î î î
^
v]}Œ&]vv]ovoǐš í í í
^
v]}Œ}µvšvš í í í
Wnj}oo}µvšvš/l// î î î
&]vv]ovoǐš/l// î î î
voǐš/l// í í í
}µvšvš/l// í í í
^µ‰
ŒÀ]]vPµÇ
Œ í í í
}µu
všWŒ}
]vP^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í ìŽï ì
µš}u
Œ^
ŒÀ]
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
]švšµÇ
ŒlµÇ
Œ î î î
Wnj}ood
Zv]]v í í í
}µvš]vPd
Zv]]v î ïŽð ï
}µvšo
Œl/l// ï îŽð î
}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v/// î ìŽîlñ ì
}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v/l// íXñ ìŽò ì
tŒ
Z}µ
t}Œl
Œ ìXñ ìXñ ìXóñŽô

Æ
µš]À
]švš í í í
}‰Ç
vš
Œd
Zv]]v í í í
µš}u
Œ^
ŒÀ]
Z
‰Œ

všš]À
 î î î
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš í í í
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš ì íŽò íŽô
d}šoZ
PµoŒ ïô ïñXñ ïòXóñ
d}šoWŒšrd]u
,}µŒoÇ ìXïì ìXïì ìXïì
d}šoW}]š]}v ïôXïìŽí ïñXôìŽí ïóXìñŽõ

Ží /v]š]}všZ
Œ
Œ
šZ
(}oo}Á]vPo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}‰}]š]}vW^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšv&]vv]ovoǐš
/l//X
Žî Z
o](]š]}v}(}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v///‰}]š]}vš}WŒ]v]‰o&]vv]ovoǐšX Žï dŒv(
ŒvŒ
o](]š]}v}(}µu
všWŒ}
]vP^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ‰}]š]}vš}vvoǐš/l//‰}]š]}v]všZ

]šÇo
Œl[K((]
X 4-68 Table of Contents 414
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

Žð Z
o](]š]}v}(v}µvšo
Œl/l//‰}]š]}vš}}µvš]vPd
Zv]]vX
Žñ dŒv(
ŒvŒ
o](]š]}v}(}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v/// ‰}]š]}vš}}µu
všvZ
}Œ
^‰
]o]š]všZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všXdZ]‰}]š]}vÁ]oo
‰o]šZo(rš]u

]v
Z
‰Œšu
všX
Žò
o]u]vš]}v}(Zo(rš]u
}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v/l//‰}]š]}vvŒ
o](]š]}v}(}µu
vš
WŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v/l//‰}]š]}vš}vu]v]šŒš]À
]švšX
Žó D]Ç
Œ šŒv(
Œ v Œ
o](]š]}v }(  ^
v]}Œ /d  voǐš ‰}]š]}v (Œ}u šZ
 /v(}Œuš]}v d
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všš}^
v]}Œ^ǐš
uvoǐšX
Žô  ]š]}v}(ìXîñ&d
š}šZ
tŒ
Z}µ
t}Œl
Œ‰}]š]}vX
Žõ /v]š]}všZ
Œ
Œ
šZ
(}oo}Á]vPo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}‰}]š]}vW^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšU&]vv]ovoǐš/l//U
v}µvšo
Œl/l//X


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ óUððñUóóî ôUóñôUòïð õUïïõUõìñ ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    íìUôôóUíðð ííUòñôUìõô íîUìóôUóõô ‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  ðíUõòð ì ì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  íðUíðô ðîUììì ðòUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  íôUïôõUìîô îìUðñôUóïî îíUðòðUóìï

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
&]vv]ou]v]šŒš]}v  íUïõòUïññ íUñôóUîîò íUóóîUñìô &]vv]oDvP
u
vší  îUñîðUõíó ì ì
µP
švvoǐ]í  ì óòôUôóñ óõðUñññ
Z
À
vµ
í  ì îUðìñUïóì îUñôôUðôð
}µvš]vP  íUõñóUôõô îUíõðUîõõ îUðôñUìïí
WµŒZ]vPv^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
  îUñîñUîìò îUóôóUíôõ îUòòïUñòì
Z]lDvP
u
vš  õUõôðUòñî íìUóíñUóóï ííUíòìUñòñ
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  íôUïôõUìîô îìUðñôUóïî îíUðòðUóìï

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  óUóòôUïôî ôUòôîUñíô õUîôõUîõí
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  íìðUîðñ ïïìUõìì îôîUíìì
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  óUñôí íïîUñìì íðîUîìì
tš
Œ  íUìîôUðõõ íUíñòUòìò íUíõõUõìð
t}Œl
Œ}u‰
vš]}v/vµŒv
  ðUôîòUóíì ðUóñðUñìì ðUóñðUñìì
hv
u‰o}Çu
vš^
o(r/vµŒv
  îìUñôí îóUîñì ñîUîñì
>]]o]šÇ^
o(r/vµŒv
  ðUòïïUìïì ñUïóðUðñô ñUóððUðñô
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ íôUïôõUìîô îìUðñôUóïî îíUðòðUóìï

íZ
}ŒPv]ÌŸ}v}(šZ
&]vv]oDvP
u
vš]À]]}vš}šZ
µP
švvoǐ]]À]]}vvZ
À
vµ
]À]]}vX

Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
'
v
Œo^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
 ¨ íòUìïó íñUììì íñUììì
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  ðîïUñòî ôïUììì ôïUììì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ ðïõUñõõ õôUììì õôUììì

4-69 Table of Contents 415
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
ŒŸvP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
tŒ
Z}µ
t}Œl
ŒW}]š]}v~ìXîñ&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}]vŒ

šZ
tŒ
Z}µ
t}Œl
Œ‰}]š]}v
(Œ}uìXñìš}ìXóñ&d
 ¨ ôõUòìì

ððUôìì

íïðUðìì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

ðîUììì

ðUììì

ðòUììì

'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
ŒŸvP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšW}]š]}v~íXì&d
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
‰}]š]}v]všZ
WµŒZ]vP]À]]}v

¨ r

îòòUíìì

îòòUíìì
dŒ
u]oo~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšÁ}v
ÁšŒ
u]oo]všZ
]šÇ,ooPÇuX

r

íîUììì

íîUììì
&µŒv]šµŒ
(}ŒWoÌ}v(
Œ
v
Z}}u~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ(µŒv]šµŒ
]všZ
WoÌ}v(
Œ
v
Z}}uX

r

ðUììì

ðUììì

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Z
oo}š
,>WŒ}‰
ŒšÇdÆ^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(}ŒZŒ
,>WŒ}‰
ŒšÇdÆ^
ŒÀ]

(Œ}u}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
všš}&]vv
v
u]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všX

¨ r

óUîìì

óUîìì
,>WŒ}‰
ŒšÇdÆ^
ŒÀ]


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ,>WŒ}‰
ŒšÇdÆ^
ŒÀ]
X

óUîìì

îUñìì

õUóìì

 
4-70 Table of Contents 416
&]vv
vu]v]šŒŸÀ
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš

tš
Œ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
&]vv]ovoǐš/l//W}]š]}v~íXì&d
~¨îðñUõìì}((
šÇ
ZŒP
š}/W~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}l(]oošZ
&]vv]ovoǐš‰}]š]}v(}Œ
šZ
µš]o]šÇ]oo]vPÇš
u]u‰o
u
všš]}v‰Œ}i
šX

¨ r

r

r

>]]o]šÇ/vµŒv
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
/vµŒv
WŒ
u]µu

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ}š]vŒ

Œ
oš
š}šZ

]šÇ[
Æ
o]]o]šÇ]vµŒv
v‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ]vµŒv

‰Œ}PŒuX ¨ñUïòîUòìì

ïóìUììì

ñUóïîUòìì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rŸu
všµŒ
X

4-71 Table of Contents 417
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-72 Table of Contents 418
&/Z

WZdD
Ed


 
^hWWZ
^^/KE

K‰
Œš]}v

ï  ššo]}vZ]
(
~ZÇv
Ç
~/vŒ}o
Ç
~:
((Œ
Ç}o

ñ & ]Œ
‰š]vl,D
íò & ]Œ
‰š]v
ñ & ]Œ

vP]v

Œl,DŽŽ
íò & ]Œ

vP]v

ŒŽŽ
ñ & ]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlD
]l,DŽŽ
îì & ]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]ŽŽ

dŒ]v]vPl^(
šÇl
D^
í  ššo]}vZ]
(~D
oš}vt}vP
í & ]Œ
‰š]v

K((]
}(
u
ŒP
vÇ^
ŒÀ]


í K ((]
}(
u
ŒP
vÇ^
ŒÀ]

}}Œ]vš}Œ
&/Z
,/
&
~Œ]v:}v

D/E/^dZd/KE

í 
‰µšÇ&]Œ
Z]
(
~:}Z}o
uv
í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
í ^ ǐš
u^‰
]o]š
ìXñ
Æ
µš]À
]švšŽ

&/Z
E
Es/ZKED
Ed>
WZKd
d/KE

í & ]Œ
DŒZo~ŒŒ]
^vZo


vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^(
šÇ

í ^
v]}Œ,ÌŒ}µDš
Œ]o
^‰
]o]š
î , ÌŒ}µDš
Œ]o^‰
]o]š
í
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^(
šÇ
}}Œ]vš}Œ
î
vÀ]Œ}vu
všov^(
šÇ
WŒ}š
š]}v/v‰
š}Œ
í  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš
ìXñ W Œ}PŒu]švš

&]Œ
vµ]o]vP^(
šÇ

í 
‰µšÇ&]Œ
DŒZo
î W µo]
µš]}vl&]Œ
^(
šÇ
^‰
]o]š
í  µ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ/l//
&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W ôõXñ &µoord]u

 ìXñ Z
PµoŒWŒšrd]u
  

Ž W }]š]}v]Œ
šoÇŒ
‰}Œšš}šZ
W}o]

‰Œšu
všµšµ‰‰}ŒššZ
&]Œ

‰Œšu
všX
ŽŽ  µšZ}Œ]Ìš]}v}(ïïWŒu
]]voµ

vP]v

ŒU
vP]v

Œl,ÌŒ}µDš
Œ]oU&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]U
v&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlD
l,ÌŒ}µDš
Œ]o>
À
oX
4-73 Table of Contents 419
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

dZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš
Æ]šš}À
o]À
v‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇU‰Œ}š
ššZ

vÀ]Œ}vu
všUvu]v]u]Ì
šZ

Œ]l}((]Œ
vvšµŒo]š
ŒÇ]vÀ
š]vP]v
µš]}vUšŒ]v]vPUv‰Œ
À
vš]}vXdZ
À]]}v}(šZ

‰Œšu
vš
]š}
‰Œ}PŒ
]À
(]Œ

‰Œšu
vššZššŒ
š
À
΂}v
Á]šZŒ
‰
šv]Pv]šÇv‰‰o]

š‰Œš]
]v
]vv}Àš]À

u
ŒP
vnj
‰}v
U(]Œ
‰Œ
À
vš]}vUšŒ]v]vPU
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo‰Œ}š
š]}vUv‰µo]
µš]}vX


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš[‰
Œ}vv
ov
‹µ]‰u
všŒ
šŒš
P]ooÇ
‰o}Ç
šZŒ}µPZ}µššZ
]šÇš}Œ‰]oǐ]š
šZ
}uuµv]šÇÁZ
v
u
ŒP
v]
}µŒUµZ
u
ŒP
vÇu
]o
ŒÀ]
Uõríríuµov
šŒv‰}ŒšU(]Œ

µ‰‰Œ
]}vUš
Zv]oŒ
µ
UvZÌŒ}µuš
Œ]oŒ
‰}v
Uo}vPÁ]šZ}uuµv]šÇ
u
ŒP
vljŒ
‰Œ
v

vŒ
}À
ŒÇšŒ]v]vPX/v]š]}vš}
u
ŒP
vnj
‰}v
UšZ
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš(}µ
}v}uuµv]šÇ(
šÇv

µš]}všZŒ}µPZ (]Œ
 ‰Œ
À
vš]}vU Z}µ]vP }

v(}Œ
u
všU ‰µo]
µš]}vU Áš
 ]ZŒP
 v P
v
Œo
µŒ(
Áš
Œ‰}ooµš]}v‰Œ
À
vš]}vUv}šZ
Œ
ŒÀ]
š}šZ
}uuµv]šÇX


WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^








WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x Z
‰}v‹µ]loÇš}oo
u
ŒP
v]
všl
‰‰Œ}‰Œ]š
š]}vUšZ
Œ
nj
µ]vPo}}(o](
U‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇUv

vÀ]Œ}vu
všouP
ÁZ]o

vµŒ]vPšZ
(
šÇ}(oo&]Œ
‰
Œ}vv
o]vÀ}oÀ
X~WDîUï

x D]vš]v  ‰Œ}(
]}vo o
À
o }( }‰
Œš]}vo Œ
]v
  &]Œ
(]PZš
ŒU WŒu
]U
u
ŒP
vÇ D
]o
d
Zv]]vU ,ÌŒ}µ Dš
Œ]o &]Œš Z
‰}v
ŒU ,ÌŒ}µ Dš
Œ]o d
Zv]]vU ^‰
]o]šU v
Z
µ
ŒX~WDíUîUï
1 u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}vuvP
šZ
&]Œ

‰Œšu
všU‰Œ}À]]vPšŒš
P]‰ovv]vPUo

ŒZ]‰Uv
µ‰‰}Œšš}‰
Œ}vv
ov‰Œ}PŒuš}(µo(]oošZ

‰Œšu
vš[u]]}vX
^µ‰‰Œ
]}v
dZ
^µ‰‰Œ
]}v]À]]}v]voµ
K‰
Œš]}vUW
Œ}vv
ovdŒ]v]vPUv
u
ŒP
vÇ^
ŒÀ]
lWµo]
/v(}Œuš]}vU
o]À
Œ]vP(]Œ
(]PZš]vPU‰Œu
]UŒ
µ
UvZÌŒ}µuš
Œ]oŒ
‰}v
Uo}vPÁ]šZ‰µo]

µš]}vvšŒ]v]vPX/šo}Zvo
(]Œ
(]PZš
ŒŒ
Œµ]šu
všU]š
Œ‰Œ
‰Œ
v
Uv
u
ŒP
vÇ
Œ
‰}v
}}Œ]vš]}vX
&]Œ
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWŒ}š
š]}v
dZ
&]Œ
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWŒ}š
š]}v]À]]}v
v(}Œ
ZÌŒ}µuš
Œ]oUÁš
Uvš}ŒuÁš
Œ
Œ
Pµoš]}všZŒ}µPZ]š
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^(
šÇ^
š]}vUÁZ]o
šZ
&]Œ
vµ]o]vP^(
šÇ^
š]}vZvo
(]Œ

vZ}µ]vP}

v(}Œ
u
všU(]Œ
]vÀ
š]Pš]}vUvš
Zv]oµ‰‰}Œš(}Œ(]Œ
}‰
Œš]}vX
4-74 Table of Contents 420
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


x WŒ}À]
vvµošŒ]v]vPv}}Œ]vš]}v(}Œ]šÇš((UvŒ ]
vš]ovµ]v
}uuµv]šÇÀ}oµvš

Œ
}v]š
Œ‰Œ
‰Œ
v
UŒ
‰}v
UvŒ
}À
ŒÇ~WDóX
1 x WŒ}À]
uvP
u
všv}À
Œ]PZš(}ŒšZ
^všoŒ}µvšÇZ
P]}vo}uuvdŒ]v]vP
vš
Œo}š

]vD}µvš]vs]
ÁX~WDóUô
1 x
vµŒ
šZš(]o]š]
µ]vP}Œš}Œ]vPZÌŒ}µuš
Œ]oU}Œ]ZŒP]vPÁš
Áš
Œ]vš}šZ
v]šŒÇ}Œ
š}Œu
Á
ŒU}u‰oÇÁ]šZ‰‰o]o
&

ŒoU^šš
Uvo}oŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX~WDñ
1 x D]vš]v v }vP}]vP (]Œ
 ‰Œ
À
vš]}v ‰Œ}PŒuU ZÌŒ}µ uš
Œ]oU v µv
ŒPŒ}µv š}ŒP
 švl
]v‰
š]}v‰Œ}PŒuX~WDñ
1 x D]vš]vŒ
všoZ}µ]vP]v‰
š]}v‰Œ}PŒuX~WDðUò

D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

x }vŸvµ
 šZ
 Œ
Œµ]šu
vš v .oo]vP }( Àvš ‰}]Ÿ}v Á]šZ  }vŸvµ
 (}µ }v
u‰o}Ç

 Œ

Œ

À
o}‰u
všvµ
]}v‰ovv]vPX
1 x }vŸvµ
š}]u‰Œ}À
vµ‰š

‰Œšu
vš(]o]Ÿ
vÁ}Œl‰ŒŸ
Á]šZ(}µ}v
u‰o}Ç

Z
ošZ
vÁ
oov
X

x /vŒ

 (}µ }v ^oorŒ]l_ šŒ]v]vP ]v šZ
 ]]‰o]v
 }(
u
ŒP
vÇ u
]o 
ŒÀ]
U .Œ
 µ‰‰Œ
]}vU
ZÌŒ}µuš
Œ]ou]ŸPŸ}vUµŒv
ŒZvŒ
µ
Uv.Œ
]vÀ
ŸPŸ}vv]v‰
Ÿ}v‰ŒŸ
Á]šZ
šZ
]vš
v
P}o}(]vŒ
]vP.Œ
.PZš
Œ(
šÇUl]oo}u‰
š
vÇUv
ŒÀ]
š}šZ
}uuµv]šÇX

x 
v
À
o}‰‰}š
vŸo}šŒ
}À
΂
+}ŒššZŒ}µPZ.ŒšŒ
‰}v
Œ[(

X

x
vZv
šZ
ZD^šŒ]v]vPŒ
}ŒÇš
uš}
vµŒ
o]Pvu
všÁ]šZšZ
/vµŒv
^
ŒÀ]
K8
}u‰o]v

švŒX

W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

4-75 Table of Contents 421
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ðóXð9 Díìì9
î &]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
d}šovµu
Œ}(‰Œ
Z}‰]šo

u
ŒP
v]
UŒ
µ
Uv
uoo(]Œ
Uv‰
Œ
vš
ÁZ
Œ
W
t}Œlo} r îUðïî r
XdZ
šµŒv}µšš]u
]
šÁ}u]vµš
}Œo
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 íìì9 Eõì9
XdZ
šŒÀ
oš]u
(}Œ
šZ
(]Œšrµ
µv]š]
(}µŒu]vµš
}Œ
o
Ž
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 îò9~ Eõì9
XdZ
(]Œšrµ
µv]š
ŒŒ]À
Á]šZ]vó
u]vµš
Uïì
}v
}(šZ
š]u
(Œ}ušZ

Œ

]‰š}(šZ
õrírí
oo
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 ôò9~ Eõì9
ï &]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
d}šovµu
Œ}(µ]o]vP
(]Œ
v‰
Œ
všÁZ
Œ
W t}Œlo} r íñ r
XdZ
šµŒv}µšš]u
]
šÁ}u]vµš
}Œo
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 íìì9 Eõì9
XdZ
šŒÀ
oš]u
(}Œ
šZ
(]Œšrµ
µv]š]
(}µŒu]vµš
}Œ
o
Ž
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 ðï9~ Eõì9
XdZ
šŒÀ
oš]u
(}Œoo
D}µvš]vs]
Áµv]š
]
]PZšu]vµš
}Œ
o

W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 õî9 Eõì9
XdZ
uµoš]‰o
rµv]š

((
š]À
Œ
‰}v

(}Œ
~
Z&}(íñ
‰
Œ}vv
oŒŒ]À

Á]šZ]vííu]vµš
U
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 íìì9 Eõì9
4-76 Table of Contents 422
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
ïì
}v(Œ}ušZ

š]u
}(šZ
Œ

]‰š
}(šZ
õríríoo

X&]Œ
^‰Œ
}v(]v

š}Ki
š}(KŒ]P]v /v(}Œuš]}vo r ñï9 r
(X&]Œ
^‰Œ
}v(]v

š}Z}}u}(KŒ]P]v /v(}Œuš]}vo r ôó9 r PX&]Œ
^‰Œ
}v(]v
1
š}µ]o]vP}(KŒ]P]v /v(}Œuš]}vo r íìì9 r ð &]Œ
WŒ
À
vš]}v
d}šovµu
Œ}(‰ovZ
l
}vµš
ÇšZ
&]Œ

WŒ
À
vš]}v]À]]}vv
‰
Œ
vš}u‰o
š
Á]šZ]v
íñÁ}Œl]vPǐ}(Œ

]‰šX
t}Œlo} r óìñ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
ñ &]Œ
WŒ
À
vš]}v
d}šovµu
Œ}(]v‰
š]}v
}vµš
ÇšZ


vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^(
šÇ
^
š]}vv‰
Œ
vš}(
]Pv
]v‰
š]}v
}u‰o
š
X
t}Œlo} r ôôí r
X,ÌŒ}µ
uš
Œ]oš}ŒP
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
Xtš
Áš
Œ
]ZŒP
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
ò &]Œ
WŒ
À
vš]}v
Eµu
Œ}(Œ
všoZ}µ]vP
µv]š]v‰
š
v‰
Œ
vš
Á]šZv}}ŒŒ
š]}vv}š]

]µ
X
t}Œlo} r ôñï r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
ó
K
^

u
ŒP
vÇ
Z
‰}v

Eµu
Œ}(]š
Œ
‰Œ
‰Œ
v
UŒ
‰}v
U
vŒ
}À
ŒÇšŒ]v]vPZ
o
vš}šovµu
Œ}(
‰Œš]]‰vššŒ]v
X
t}Œlo} r ì r
t}Œlo} r ì r
ô
K
^

u
ŒP
vÇ
Z
‰}v

Eµu
Œ}(}uuµv]šÇ

u
ŒP
vÇZ
‰}v
d
u
u
u
Œv‰
Œ
vš
]vŒ

l~
Œ

Ç
Œr
}À
ŒrÇ
ŒX
t}Œlo} r íUïîô r
t}Œlo} r =íXó9 r
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
Œ

]À
W   ñì 
4-77 Table of Contents 423
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
X&]Œ
v

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
WŒ}š
š]}v
]À]]}v~&
W
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ðõ r
XK((]
}(

u
ŒP
vÇ
^
ŒÀ]
~K
^l
Wµo]/v(}Œuš]}v
K((]
Œ~W/K
/v(}Œuš]}vo r í r

Ž^švŒ
}vEš]}vo&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v}]š]}v~E&WŒ
}uu
vš]}vX
1 ~
o}ÁšŒP
šŒ
µoš}(šŒ((]}vP
š]}vv]uµošv
}µ]v]
všš]À]šÇš‰
lZ}µŒ}(šZ
ÇXdZ

 À
ŒP
šŒÀ
oš]u
(}ŒšZ
(]Œšrµ
µv]šš}ŒŒ]À
(}Œ‰Œ
Z}‰]šo
u
ŒP
v]
UŒ
µ
Uvuoo(]Œ

 ]v]
vš]ðu]vµš
ðó
}vXdZ
À
ŒP
š}šoŒ
‰}v
š]u
(}ŒšZ
(]Œšrµ
µv]šš}ŒŒ]À
(}Œ
 ‰Œ
Z}‰]šo
u
ŒP
v]
UŒ
µ
Uvuoo(]Œ
]v]
vš}(šZ
š]u
(Œ}ušZ
Œ

]‰š}(šZ
õríríoo]ñ
 u]vµš
ññ
}vXdZ]À
ŒP
Œ
‰}v
š]u
]
o}ÁšZ
Œ
‹µ]Œ
Œ
‰}v
š]u
}(óu]vµš
vñõ
 
}v
šo]Z
ÇšZ
}µvšÇ}(^všoŒ
u
ŒP
vÇD
]o^
ŒÀ]
^ǐš
uXdZ
À
ŒP
šŒÀ
o
 š]u
(}ŒšZ
(]Œšrµ
µv]šš}ŒŒ]À
(}Œµ]o]vP(]Œ
]v]
vš]ïu]vµš
ïî
}vXW}‰µoš]}vPŒ}ÁšZ
 Zo}}všŒ]µš
š}
o}ÁšŒP
ššŒÀ
oš]u
XKÀ
ŒšZ
‰šíìÇ
ŒUšZ
‰}‰µoš]}vZ]vŒ

Ç
 ô9UÁZ]o
U}vÀ
ŒP
UooÀ}oµu
Z]vŒ

Çðð9UÁZ]Z]u‰o]
v
Ɖ}v
vš]oŒ
oš]}vZ]‰
šÁ

v
 ‰}‰µoš]}v]vŒ

vooÀ}oµu
X/v]š]}vUšZ

‰Œšu
vš–šŒ]v]vPu}
o}(µ]vPšZ

vP]v
ñð
 Œ
Á]šÇÁ]
Á]šZ]v]
všš]À]šÇvšŒ((]}vP
š]}všZ]v}µšÀ]oo
Œ
Áš}}uµZš‰
lZ}µŒ
 }(šZ
ÇXdZ]
(]]
vÇ]Œ

]vŒ
‰}Œš}vµš
Ç]šÇPš
}]š
W—}uuµv]šÇ,ÌŒ
 vZ]l
u
všU^šv}(}À
Œ^šµÇUv>}š]}vvoǐ]~îìîìX—
 
4-78 Table of Contents 424
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
&]Œ
Z]
( í í í

‰µšÇ&]Œ
Z]
( í í í
ššo]}vZ]
( ð ð ð
&]Œ
DŒZooŽí í í í
K((]
}(
u
ŒP
vÇ^
ŒÀ]
}}Œ]vš}Œ í í í
^
v]}Œ,ÌDš^‰
]o]š í í í
WŒ]v]‰o&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ í ìŽï ì
&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ î ìŽï ì

‰µšÇ&]Œ
DŒZo í í í
Wµo]
µš]}vl&]Œ
^(
šÇ^‰
]o]š î î î
&]Œ
‰š]vl,D ñ ñ ñ
&]Œ
‰š]v íó íó íó
&]Œ

vP]v

Œl,D ñ  ñ ñ
&]Œ

vP]v

ŒlWŒu
]Žî ï  ï ï
&]Œ

vP]v

Œ íï  íï íï
&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlD
]l,ÌušŽî ì  ñŽð ñ
&]Œ
(]PZš
Œl,D ñ  ìŽð ì
&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]Žî íõ  íõ îìŽñ
,ÌDš^‰
]o]š î î î

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^(
šÇ}}Œ]vš}Œ í í í

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo˜^(
šÇWŒ}š
š]}v/v‰
š}Œ î î î
µ]o]vP/v‰
š}Œ/l// í í í
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš í í í
^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š í í í

Æ
µš]À
]švš ìXñ ìXñ ìXñ
WŒ}PŒu]švš ìXñ ìXñ ìXñ
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš í í í
d}šoZ
PµoŒ õî ôõ õì
d}šoW}]š]}v õî ôõ õì

Ží dZ
&]Œ
DŒZoo‰}]š]}v](o
Æ]oǐš((
(
šÇlv}vr(
šÇX
Žî µšZ}Œ]Ìš]}v}(ïïWŒu
]]voµ

vP]v

ŒU
vP]v

Œl,ÌušUv&]Œ
(]PZš
Œl,Ìušo
À
oX
Žï Z
oo}š]}v}(WŒ]v]‰o&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ‰}]š]}vvšÁ}&]Œ
WŒ}š
š]}v
vP]v

Œ‰}]š]}vš}
šZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
všX
Žð Z
o](]š]}v}((]À
&]Œ
(]PZš
Œl,Ìuš‰}]š]}vš}&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlD
]l,ÌušX
Žñ ]š]}v}(&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]X

 
4-79 Table of Contents 425
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš



Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ ïóUïóòUîòô ïõUðóìUïóõ ðíUìîðUìïï ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    íUðòðUõïí íUóîðUòíó íUõðñUñíó
‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  ðñïUõñó îïòUììì îìðUõìì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ñôìUîóí óîïUììì ôíóUñìì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ïõUôóñUðîó ðîUíñïUõõò ðïUõõíUõñì

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
&]Œ
u]v]šŒš]}v  íUõôõUíóõ îUíìòUîîï îUìðñUððì
&]Œ
^µ‰‰Œ
]}v  ïïUóïôUóìí ïòUìõñUñïî ïóUòôñUñóì
&]Œ
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWŒ}š
š]}v  ðUíðóUñðó ïUõñîUîðí ðUîòìUõðì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  ïõUôóñUðîó ðîUíñïUõõò ðïUõõíUõñì

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  ïñUõóôUðõó ïõUìõîUïîð ðìUòóîUñôí
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  ññïUòòó ïìïUóìì ðòõUôìì

À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
  õðìUóñó ì ì
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  ííôUõòó îïïUïóô îïïUíóô
tš
Áš
Œ  îUîîôUóïò îUñîðUñõð îUòíòUïõí

‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
všZ

ŒÀ
  ñðUôìï ì ì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ ïõUôóñUðîó ðîUíñïUõõò ðïUõõíUõñì

Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
'
v
Œo>]
v
˜W
Œu]𐠍 õóíUõðð ñðíUììì ñðíUììì
&]v
˜&}Œ(
]šµŒ
  îîUîìô íUììì íUììì
'
v
Œo^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  ñïîUôïð îñóUðìì îñóUðìì
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  íUõîòUóìï îòUîìì îòUîìì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ ïUðñïUòôô ôîñUòìì ôîñUòìì

 
4-80 Table of Contents 426
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]W}]š]}v~íXì&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]Œ
o]
(‰}]š]}vX

¨ r

ïõíUõìì

ïõíUõìì
&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]KdZ
µš]}v

Z
µ
}À
Œš]u
(µv]vPš]
š}}v
&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒlWŒu
]
Œ
o]
(‰}]š]}vX

îUóñíUïìì

~îôìUììì

îUðóíUïìì
v
ŒD]š]Pš]}v

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œv
Œu]š]Pš]}v
Ɖ
v
U]voµ]vP
v
ŒŒ

v]vPvš
š]vPUvšZ
o
v]vPv
Œ
‰o
u
vš}(‰
Œ}vo‰Œ}š
š]À

‹µ]‰u
vš~WW
X&µv]vP
]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

ððUîìì

ôõUíìì

íïïUïìì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

ñóïUììì

ôíUñìì

òñðUñìì
s
Z]o
D]vš
vv
rZ

ŒÀ

Œ]od]oo
Œ

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
Œ

ŒÀ

Œ]o
š]oo
ŒZŒ
Á]šZšZ
Wo}oš}&]Œ

‰Œšu
všX

r

íôUñìì

íôUñìì
s
Z]o
D]vš
vv
rZ

ŒÀ

vP]v


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(Œ

ŒÀ

vP]v
X

r

íñUììì

íñUììì
Z
oo}š
&]Œ
^šš]}vo
Œš^ǐš
u}š

Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš(}ŒšZ
&]Œ
^šš]}v
o
Œš]vP^ǐš
uX

r

íñUììì

íñUììì
uµov
W
Œu]š&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµoÀv
>](
^µ‰‰}Œš
~>^uµov

ŒÀ]
‰
Œu]š(

uvš
ÇšZ
}µvšÇ
}(^všoŒX

r

ôUñìì

ôUñìì
s
š}Œ^}oµš]}v~>D^

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµoµŒ]‰š]}v(}ŒšZ

o
Œv]vPuvP
u
všÇš
uUs
š}Œ^}oµš]}vX

r

òUõìì

òUõìì
4-81 Table of Contents 427
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX ¨ ññUõìì

îUóìì

ñôUòìì

'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒZ
Œµ]š
uÇ~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ&]Œ
(]PZš
ŒŒ
Œµ]šš}šš
všZ

&]Œ
(]PZš
Œ
uÇXdZ
(µv]vP]voµ
‰
Œ}vv
o}šU
µ‰‰o]
v
‹µ]‰u
všUv}À
Œš]u
(}Œ]vrZ}µ

]všŒµš}ŒX

¨ r

ïðîUðìì

ïðîUðìì
/všl
soÀ
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ]všl
ÀoÀ
(}Œ(]Œ

vP]v
všŒµlX

r

ðôUñìì

ðôUñìì
h^Zñí
‹µ]‰u
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ]š]}vo
‹µ]‰u
vš(}ŒšZ
h^Zñí
‰‰ŒšµX

r

ïîUñìì

ïîUñìì
]ŒD}v]š}Œ]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
]Œu}v]š}Œ]vPš&]Œ

^šš]}víX

r

îíUîìì

îíUîìì
ohv](}Œu~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œoµv](}Œu(}Œv
ÁŒ
Œµ]š]všZ

&]Œ

‰Œšu
všX

r

íóUóìì

íóUóìì

o
šŒ]o,]PZs}ošP

š
š}Œ~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}Œ
‰o

Æ]š]vP
o
šŒ]oZ]PZÀ}ošP


š
š}ŒX

r

óUñìì

óUñìì


À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
^šŒ}vPD}š]}v/všŒµu
všš]}vWŒ}PŒu~^D/W~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

Z
µP
ššZ
ov
}((µv]vPÀ]oo
(}Œ^D/W(µvš}

µ
(}Œ}uuµv]šÇ
u
ŒP
vÇZ
‰}v
d
u~
Zd
PŒvš‰Œ}PŒuX

¨ r

íUðìì

íUðìì
4-82 Table of Contents 428
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš


^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
v
ŒD]š]Pš]}v

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œv
Œu]š]Pš]}v
Ɖ
v
U]voµ]vP
v
ŒŒ

v]vPvš
š]vPUvšZ
o
v]vPv
Œ
‰o
u
vš}(‰
Œ}vo‰Œ}š
š]À

‹µ]‰u
vš~WW
X&µv]vP
]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

¨ r

íïUììì

íïUììì
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX

ðòUóìì

õUïìì

ñòUììì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

íìõUììì

õUììì

ííôUììì
<v}Æ}vv
švvµo&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµo}š}(
µŒ
š}ŒP

}(}všŒ}oo
µšv
U<v}Æ}vv
šX

r

ïìì

ïìì
Yµvš&]švvµoD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµoo]Œš]}vv
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
Yµvš&]šîDl&]šd
šuZ]v
X

r

îìì

îìì

tš
Áš
Œ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX ¨ ðíUììì

ðUììì

ðñUììì
dŒ]v]vP(}Œ,ÌušW
Œ}vv
o

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ}š}]š
Á]šZšŒ]v]vP
všŒÀ
o(}Œ,ÌDšW
Œ}vv
oX

îUîìì

îUììì

ðUîìì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-83 Table of Contents 429
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-84 Table of Contents 430

,Kh^/E'
WZdD
Ed




&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W íóXì &µoord]u

 
&&KZ>
,Kh^/E'

í  ((}Œo
,}µ]vPDvP
Œ
~:µo]
ŒvŒ
í W Œ]v]‰o,}µ]vPK((]
Œ
í ^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œ
î , }µ]vPK((]
Œ
í , }µ]vP^‰
]o]š/l//
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš
,Kh^/E'/Z
dKZ
~tÇv
Z
v
u]v]šŒš]}v

í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš

Z
Ed^d/>/d/KE

í Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}vDvP
Œ
~vlÇÀv
µŒ
v

}uuµv]šÇ^š]o]Ìš]}vv&]ŒZ
všš
~^&Z

î ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
î  voǐš/l//
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš
í K ((]
]švš

D}]o
,}u
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}vKŒ]vv

~D,Z^K

í  voǐš/l//
4-85 Table of Contents 431
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

dZ
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
všÀv
]À
Œ
U]voµ]À
Uv
‹µ]šo
}uuµv]š]
Ç
À
o}‰]vPv]u‰o
u
vš]vP
 Á]
 ŒvP
 }( Z}µ]vP ‰}o]]
 v ‰Œ}PŒu Œ
oš
 š} ((}Œo
 Z}µ]vPU Œ
vš š]o]Ìš]}vU v š
vvš
‰Œ}š
š]}vX


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
 ,}µ]vP 
‰Œšu
vš ] }u‰}
 }( šZŒ

 ]À]]}vW šZ
 u]v]šŒš]}v ]À]]}vU šZ
 ((}Œo
 ,}µ]vP
]À]]}vUvšZ
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}v]À]]}vX/v]š]}vš}]u‰o
u
vš]vPÁ]
ŒvP
}(
Æ]š]vP‰Œ}PŒuUšZ


‰Œšu
vš 
À
o}‰ v
Á Z}µ]vP ‰}o]]
 v ‰Œ}PŒu š} Œ
‰}v š}
À}oÀ]vP }uuµv]šÇ v

 v ]v
o]Pvu
všÁ]šZ]šÇ}µv]o^šŒš
P]WŒ]}Œ]š]
v]šÇÀoµ
U]voµ]vPŒ
š]vP}uuµv]šÇ(}ŒooU(]o]šš]vP
/vš
vš]}vo
À
o}‰u
všv,}µ]vPK‰š]}vUvÀv]vPšZ
]šÇ[Z
U
‹µ]šÇv/voµ]}v/v]š]š]À
XdZ


‰Œšu
vš Àoµ

vPP
u
vš Á]šZ šl
Z}o
Œ v šZ
 }uuµv]šÇU ]voµ]vP šZ}
 Á]šZ o]u]š

vPo]Z
‰Œ}(]]
vÇ v uµoš]rµošµŒo ‰
Œ‰
š]À
U v 

l š} Œ
µ
 ŒŒ]
Œ v ]vŒ

 
 š} Z}µ]vP
}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
 v Œ
}µŒ
 šZŒ}µPZ ]vš
vš]}vo ‰Œ}PŒu 
]PvU
µš]}vU }µšŒ
ZU v
šŒvoš]}vl]vš
Œ‰Œ
šš]}v 
ŒÀ]
X  d Z
 
‰Œšu
vš }oo}Œš
 Á]šZ
ƚ
Œvo PŒ}µ‰ v }ŒPv]Ìš]}vU
]voµ]vP}uuµv]šÇPŒ}µ‰Uv}vr‰Œ}(]šU
À
o}‰
ŒU}šZ
Œ‰µo]
š}ŒP
v]
Uv‰Œ]Àš
v‰Z]ovšZŒ}‰]
}ŒPv]Ìš]}vUÁZ
v
À
Œ‰}]o
š}Àv
šZ

‰Œšu
vš[u]]}vXdZ
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}PŒu

lš}}všŒ]µš

š}}u‰o
š
}uuµv]š]
vµ]o]vP}]o‰]šoÁ]šZ]vv
šÁ

vv
]PZ}ŒZ}}X


WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^








u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}vµ‰‰}ŒššZ
((}Œo
,}µ]vP]À]]}vÁ]šZ‰Œ}i
šUµP
š]vPUPŒ

u
všU
‰Œ}µŒ
u
všUvš((]vPUÁZ]o
o}}}Œ]vš]vP
‰Œšu
všÁ]
š]À]š]
µZo
P]oš]À
ušš
Œv
]vš
Œ
‰Œšu
všoŒ
‹µ
šX
((}Œo
,}µ]vP
dZ
((}Œo
,}µ]vP]À]]}vÀv
ŒvP
}(((}Œo
Z}µ]vP]v]š]š]À
šZŒ}µPZ‰Œ}i
š(]vv]vPU
PŒvšu]v]šŒš]}vU‰Œ}PŒu}À
Œ]PZšUv‰}o]Ç]u‰o
u
všš]}vX}Œ
(µvš]}v]voµ
µv
ŒÁŒ]š]vP
v]µ]vPo}vš}((}Œo
Z}µ]vP
À
o}‰
ŒUu]v]š
Œ]vP‰Œ]uŒ]oÇZ}µ]vPr(}µ
šš
v
(

Œo(µvUvuvP]vPšZ
]šÇ[
o}ÁDŒl
šZš
~DZ‰Œ}PŒuXdZ
]À]]}vo}
À
o}‰v
]u‰o
u
všZ}µ]vP‰}o]]
U‰Œ}PŒuUvšŒš
P]
Uvu}v]š}Œ^šš
v(

Œoo
P]oš]}v]v
}}Œ]vš]}vÁ]šZšZ
]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]
X
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}v
dZ
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}v]À]]}vu]v]š
ŒšZ
}uuµv]šÇ^š]o]Ìš]}vv&]ŒZ
všš~^&ZvšZ

D}]o
,}u
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}vKŒ]vv
~D,Z^KUÀv]vPšZ
}µv]o[P}o}(
‹µ]šÇv}uuµv]šÇ
(}ŒooXdZ
]À]]}vÁ}ŒlÁ]šZš
vvšUovo}ŒUvu}]o
Z}u
‰Œlšl
Z}o
Œš}š]o]Ì
Œ
všU
‰Œ
À
všµviµš
À]š]}vUv
vµŒ
(]ŒŒ
šµŒv(}Œ‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ}Áv
ŒUÁZ]o
o}uvP]vP‰}o]]
U‰
š]š]}vU

µš]}vUv}u‰o]v
XdZ
]À]]}vµ‰‰}ŒššZ
Z
všo,}µ]vP}uu]šš

~Z,v}À
Œ


‰Œ}PŒuµZšZ
,}µ]vP,
o‰
vš
ŒUd
vvšZ
o}š]}v]šv
KŒ]vv
~dZKUvšZ

D}µvš]vs]
ÁD
]š]}vWŒ}PŒuX
4-86 Table of Contents 432
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x u]v]š
Œ((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}PŒuU]voµ]vPšZ

o}ÁrDŒl
šrZš
~DZ‰Œ}PŒuU(µv]vP}(v
Á
((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}i
ššZŒ}µPZšZ
]šÇ[((}Œo
Z}µ]vPEK&‰Œ}PŒuUv(]o]šš]vP((}Œo

Z}µ]vP
À
o}‰u
vš}v]šÇr}Áv
]š
šZŒ}µPZZ
‹µ
š(}ŒYµo](]š]}v~Z&YlZ
‹µ
š(}ŒWŒ}‰}o
~Z&W ‰Œ}
U v ]u‰o
u
všš]}v }(  }µv]o ‰}o]]
 ]u
 š ]vŒ
]vP ((}Œo
 Z}µ]vP v
Œ
‰}v]vPš}]‰o
u
všX~WDíUïUð

x 
À
o}‰((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰}o]]
v‰Œ}PŒuš}]u‰o
u
vš}µv]o^šŒš
P]WŒ]}Œ]š]
š}µ‰‰}Œš
}uuµv]šÇ (}Œ ooV v š} ]vŒ

 šZ
 ‹µvš]šÇU ((}Œ]o]šÇU v ]À
Œ]šÇ }( ((}Œo
 Z}µ]vPX
/u‰o
u
vš‰Œ}PŒuŒ
oš
š}]‰o
u
všŒ
‰}v
Uš
vvš‰Œ}š
š]}vUvZ}u
o
Œ
‰}v
X~WDîU
ðUñ

x WŒ}À]
 š(( µ‰‰}Œš š} šZ
 Z
všo ,}µ]vP}uu]šš

~Z,U šZ
 }µv]oE}š]
}( &µv]vPÀ]o]o]šÇ
~EK& Z
À]
Á }uu]šš

U v šZ
 }µv]o E
]PZ}ŒZ}} }uu]šš

 ~E v v
]PZ}ŒZ}} PŒvš
‰Œ}PŒuX~WDîUï

x /u‰o
u
vš šZ
  ]šÇ[ Œ
vš š]o]Ìš]}v v š
vvš ‰Œ}š
š]}v ‰Œ}PŒuU ]voµ]vP šZ
  }uuµv]šÇ
^š]o]Ìš]}vv&]ŒZ
vššvšZ
D}]o
,}u
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}vKŒ]vv
UšZ
d
vvšZ
o}š]}v
]šv
KŒ]vv
UšZ
DsD
]š]}vWŒ}PŒuUvšZ
,}µ]vPv
À]š]}v,
o‰
vš
ŒUv‰Œ}À]


µš]}vv}µšŒ
Zš}š
vvšvovo}ŒX~WDíUðUñUòUó

x /u‰o
u
vš šZ
  ]šÇ[ (

Œo  }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
vš  o}l ' Œvš ~' v ,KD
 / vÀ
šu
vš
WŒšv
ŒZ]‰ ~,KD
 ‰Œ}PŒuU ]voµ]vP šZ
 oo}š]}v }( (µv]vPU }u‰o]v
 v u}v]š}Œ]vPU v

À
o}‰u
všv]u‰o
u
všš]}v}((]ŒZ}µ]vP‰ovU]v}Œv
Á]šZ&

ŒoŒ
Pµoš]}vXD }v]š}Œ
v‰‰oÇ(}Œ}šZ
Œ(µv]vP}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
U]voµ]vP(

ŒoU^šš
Uv}šZ
Œ}µŒ
X~WDîUï

x 
À
o}‰ ((}Œo
 Z}µ]vP ‰}o]]
 v ‰Œ}PŒu š} Àv
 šZ
 ]šÇ[ Z
U
‹µ]šÇU v /voµ]}v
/v]š]š]À
X~WDðUñ

x WŒ}À]
 µ‰‰}Œš š} šZ
 ]šÇ[ ]vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všo Œ
oš]}v (µvš]}vU µZ voǐ] }( ^šš
 v (

Œo
Z}µ]vPo
P]oš]}vUµ‰‰}Œš]vPo
P]oš]À
À}Ç
((}ŒšUv}šZ
ŒŒ
oš
š]À]š]
X

x WŒ}À]
}µšŒ
Zš}šZ
}uuµv]šÇŒ
oš
š}šZ

À
o}‰u
vš}(((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}i
šU‰}o]]
U
vl}Œ‰Œ}PŒuV
µš]}vVv
((}Œšš}Œ
µ
ŒŒ]
Œv]vŒ

š}
š}Z}µ]vPŒ
}µŒ
X
/v}Œ‰}Œš
 ]vš
Œ‰Œ
šš]}vlšŒvoš]}v 
ŒÀ]
 š} (]o]šš
 ‰Œš]]‰š]}v Œ} oo u
u
Œ }( šZ

}uuµv]šÇU]voµ]vPšZ
uµoš]rµošµŒo}uuµv]š]
všZ}
Á]šZo]u]š

vPo]Z‰Œ}(]]
vÇX~WDðUñ

x t}ŒlÁ]šZ
ƚ
Œvo}ŒPv]Ìš]}vŒ}
š}Œt]voµ]vPšZ
‰µo]
š}ŒU‰Œ]Àš

š}ŒUv}vr‰Œ}(]šU
}uuµv]šÇr
 }ŒPv]Ìš]}vU v ‰Z]ovšZŒ}‰Ç t š} Àv
 Z}µ]vP ]v]š]š]À
 µZ  (µv]vP
‰Œšv
ŒZ]‰v]u‰o
u
vš]vP((}Œo
Z}µ]vP]v]š]š]À
X~WDîUïUðUñ

x }oo}Œš
Á]šZ}šZ
Œ]šÇ
‰Œšu
všv}((]
š}Àv
Z}µ]vP
((}ŒšUµZÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ

À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
všUšZ
]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]
Uv,µuvZ
}µŒ
X~WDïUð

4-87 Table of Contents 433
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

x }µv]o }‰š]}v }( šZ
 > }Ár v D ]o
r/v}u
 , }µ]vP šŒš
PÇ v 
P]v ]u‰o
u
všš]}vX
~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všv,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš

x }u‰o
š
}v
rš]u
‰Œ}
š}]v}Œ‰}Œš
µš]o]šÇiµšu
vš]vš}Œ
vš(}Œuµoš](u]oǵv]š(µooÇ}À
Œ

ÇšZ
^&ZX

x WŒ}µŒ
v]u‰o
u
všv
šuvP
u
všÇš
uš}u}v]š}ŒšZ
]šÇ[((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰}Œš(}o]}š}

vµŒ
}u‰o]v
Á]šZo}oU^šš
Uv(

ŒoŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
všVšŒlo}vŒ
‰Çu
všVv
vµŒ
šZ
o}vPr
š
Œuµš]v]o]šÇ}(šZ
µv]šX

x ^µ
(µooÇŒ
v
ÁšZ
]šÇ[WŒ}Z}µ]vP
]Pvš]}vX

x KÀ
Œ

 šZ
 }u‰o
š]}v }( íîòñ D}vš
]š}U ÁZ]Z Á]oo  ôñ v
Á ((}Œo
 µv]š š} šZ
 ]šÇU v
}}Œ]vš
Á]šZšZ

À
o}‰
Œ}všZ
š
vvšo

rµ‰‰Œ}
vPŒv}‰
v]vP
Œ
u}vÇX

x Àv
šZŒ

(µooÇ(µv
((}Œo
Z}µ]vP
À
o}‰u
všš}}všŒµš]}vÇ
Æ
µš]vPPŒ}µvo


v ]µ]vP 
À
o}‰
Œ o}v (}Œ ôó
X
À
oÇv À
vµ
 WZ
 /~((]Œu
 ,}µ]vPU íìîì d
ŒŒ 
oo ~oš
,}µ]vPUvõòtX
ou]v}Z
o~v}}uuµv]š]
Uµ‰‰}Œš]vPšZ

o]À
ŒÇ}(ïðôv
ÁZ}µ]vPµv]š
Á]šZš}šo]šÇ(]vv]vP}uu]šu
vš}(µ‰š}¨îõXñu]oo]}vX

x Àv
]š]}vo((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰]‰
o]v
‰Œ}i
ššZŒ}µPZ‰Œ

À
o}‰u
všš]À]š]
v‰}š
vš]o
(µv]vPš]}vU]voµ]vPôó
X
À
oÇvÀ
vµ
WZ
//~((]Œu
,}µ]vPUíìíî>]vs]š~oš,}µ]vPU
ñó

À
oÇv ~ZŒ]š]
 ,}µ]vPU v íïìñ ^‰
 WŒl tÇU š} ‰}]š]}v šZ

 
À
o}‰u
vš (}Œ (µšµŒ

(]vv]vPv}všŒµš]}vX

x WŒ

ŒÀ
vµ‰š
šZ

Æ]š]vP((}Œo
Z}µ]vPššD}vš
s]šd
ŒŒ
U]voµ]vPŒ}}(Œ
‰o
u
vš
v
o
Àš}Œ u}
Œv]Ìš]}vU µ‰‰}Œš]vP šZ
 ‰Œ

ŒÀš]}v }( íðõ ((}Œo
 µv]š v šZ
 }vš]vµ

}µ‰vÇo}Ár]v}u
Z}µ
Z}oX

x /u‰o
u
vš , }µ]vP
o
u
vš W Œ}PŒu ïXî ~š
vvš ]‰o
u
vš Œ
‰}v
 šŒš
PÇU ]voµ]vP
]u‰o
u
všš]}v  }( šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ KÁv
ŒZ]‰ š]}v Wov š} (]o]šš
 šZ
 ‰Œ

ŒÀš]}v }( všµŒooÇr
}µŒŒ]vP ((}Œo
 Z}µ]vP Ç o}o }uuµv]šÇ }ŒPv]Ìš]}vU v
Àoµš]}v }(  ]‰o
 Z
]
vš
WŒ
(
Œ
v
W}o]Ç(}Œµ]]Ì
((}Œo
Z}µ]vP
À
o}‰u
vš]všZ
]šÇX

x }u‰o
š
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš[}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
Á
]š
µ‰š
X









4-88 Table of Contents 434
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ñîXó9 Díìì9
î ((}Œo

,}µ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(Z}µ
Z}o

ŒÀ
Ç'‰µo]

ŒÀ]
‰Œ}PŒuX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íUìïî E l~ íUìïî
ï ((}Œo

,}µ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(

rŒ
šŒ]š

((}Œo
Z}µ]vPµv]š
~DZvEK&µv]š
‰‰Œ}À
X
t}Œlo} r òí r
ð Z
vš
^š]o]Ìš]}v
Eµu
Œ}(}uuµv]šÇ
u
u
Œ]š
šZŒ}µPZ
šZ
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}v
‰Œ}PŒuU}v
Œv]vP^&ZU
D,Z^KUdZKU,
o‰
vš
ŒU
DsDW~
u]oU‰Z}v
Uv]v
‰
Œ}vX~
W
Œ(}Œuv
 îUììì íUôíí îUñìì
ñ Z
vš
^š]o]Ìš]}v
Eµu
Œ}(}uuµv]šÇ
u
u
Œš((}vv
š

Á]šZšZŒ}µPZZ
vš
^š]o]Ìš]}vWŒ}PŒu
}µšŒ
Z
((}ŒšU
Á}ŒlZ}‰UvšŒ]v]vPX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ïUììì îUïñì ïUììì
4-89 Table of Contents 435
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
ò Z
vš
^š]o]Ìš]}v
W
Œ
všP
}(‰Œ}‰
Œš]
]v
}u‰o]v
Á]šZvvµo
Œ
P]šŒš]}vŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX~
W
Œ(}Œuv
 óñ9 ì9 óñ9
ó Z
vš
^š]o]Ìš]}v
W
Œ
všP
}(‰Œ}‰
Œš]
]v
}u‰o]v
Á]šZvvµo(


‰Çu
všŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX~
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ì9 õì9
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
Œ

]À
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r ñ r
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
~ Z
‰}v
š}oo]všl
Œ
‹µ
šš}šZ
]À]]}vXŒ}vÇuW
 ^&Z r}uuµv]šÇ^š]o]Ìš]}vv&]ŒZ
všš
 D,Z^K rD}]o
,}u
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}vKŒ]vv

 dZK rd
vvšZ
o}š]}v]šv
KŒ]vv

 DsDW rD}µvš]vs]
ÁD
]š]}vWŒ}PŒu
~ Z
P]šŒš]}vv&

WÇu
všZ
‹µ]Œ
u
všŒ
µ
]v:vµŒÇ}(
Z(]oÇ
ŒvÁ]oo
Œ
‰}Œš
ššZ


v}(
Z(]oÇ
ŒX
~ WÇu
vš š} ' µŒ
]‰]
vš (}Œ &z îìîñtîò ZÀ
 v}š Ç
š 

v ]µ
 µ
 š} v
Á u]v]šŒš]À

Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
v𐐐}]š
Á]šZ(

Œo
Æ
µš]À
}Œ
ŒX}v
‹µ
všoÇUv}‰
Œ(}Œuv
šv
}oo
š

}ŒŒ
‰}Œš
ššZ]š]u
X
 
4-90 Table of Contents 436
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
,}µ]vP]Œ
š}Œ í í í
((}Œo
,}µ]vPDvP
Œ í í í
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}vDvP
Œ í í í
WŒ]v]‰o,}µ]vPK((]
Œ ì ì íŽï
^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œ î î íŽï
,}µ]vPK((]
Œ î î î
,}µ]vP^‰
]o]š/l// í í í
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš î ïŽí ï
voǐš/l// ïXñì ïŽî ï
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš î î î
K((]
]švš í í í
d}šoZ
PµoŒ íòXñì íó íó
d}šoW}]š]}v íòXñì íó íó

Ží ]š]}v}(^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš‰}]š]}vX
Žî d Œv(
Œ}(ìXñì&d
}(vvoǐš/l//‰}]š]}vš}šZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œšu
všX
Žï D]Ç
ŒŒ
o](]š]}v}(^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œ‰}]š]}vš}WŒ]v]‰o,}µ]vPK((]
ŒX 
 

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ ïUðîôUìðì ðUîóõUôñó ðUðìîUïïð ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    íUóðñUòóî ñìUôòïUíôî ïìUôôòUððó ‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  îUîìì ðïUññì ðïUññì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ì íñìUììì íñìUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ñUíóñUõíî ññUïïòUñôõ ïñUðôîUïïí

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
,}µ]vPu]v]šŒš]}v  íðïUõìî ñðUòîô ñòUðñì
((}Œo
,}µ]vP  ïUìðîUîòí ñîUòõóUïîõ ïîUôòïUïîí
Z
vš^š]o]Ìš]}v  íUõôõUóðõ îUñôðUòïî îUñòîUñòì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  ñUíóñUõíî ññUïïòUñôõ ïñUðôîUïïí
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  òóïUñôó ñïòUõôó ññìUòíñ
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  ôñò ì ì

o}ÁrDŒl
šrZš
,}µ]vP  íUîôóUòïð îôUìõñUññò íñUôóñUñîô
,}µ]vP/u‰š  ñíïUíòï îíUõñòUõñó íðUôôòUñòò
,}µ]vPdŒµš  íõõUðíó íUîõóUïðô óóìUîðï
^&ZlZ
všo,}µ]vP}uu]šš

  íUóõñUïóð îUïîïUòíõ îUïíôUìõí
D,Z^KlZ
všo,}µ]vP}uu]šš

  íõðUïóð îòíUìíï îððUðòõ
'Œvš  ðôõUîõî ôïõUôõð ôíìUîíì
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  îîUîíð îñUîíñ îòUòìõ
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ ñUíóñUõíî ññUïïòUñôõ ïñUðôîUïïí
4-91 Table of Contents 437
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^


o}ÁDŒl
šZš
~DZ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
íìîìd
ŒŒ
ooÀ
X~Z
µP
šov


Z
µP
ššZ
ov
}((µv]vP‰‰Œ}À
(}ŒšZ
íìîì
d
ŒŒ
ooÀ
X((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}i
šX

¨ r

óUôòóUôìì

óUôòóUôìì
ñóròó
š
À
oÇvÀ
X~Z
µP
šov


Z
µP
ššZ
ov
}((µv]vP‰‰Œ}À

(}ŒšZ
ñóròó
š
À
oÇvÀ
X((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}i
šX

r

òUïììUììì

òUïììUììì
Z
o](]š]}v}(^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œš}WŒ]v]‰o
,}µ]vPK((]
Œ~ìXñ&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}Œ
o^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œ‰}]š]}v
š}WŒ]v]‰o,}µ]vPK((]
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
](µv
]v
šZ

o}ÁDŒl
šZš
&µvvìXñ&d
](µv
]všZ

,}µ]vP/u‰š&µvX

íðíUïìì

ñUõìì

íðóUîìì

,}µ]vP/u‰š&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
õòtX
ou]v}Z
o~Z
µP
šov


Z
µP
ššZ
ov
}((µv]vP‰‰Œ}À
(}ŒšZ
õòtX
o
u]v}Z
o((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}i
šX&µv]vP]‰o]š

šÁ

všZ
,}µ]vP/u‰š&µvvE}vr
‰Œšu
vš]v
šZ
W
Œuv
vš>}o,}µ]vPoo}š]}v&µvX

¨ r

óUìòóUòìì

óUìòóUòìì
ôó
š
À
oÇvÀ
X~Z
µP
šov


Z
µP
ššZ
ov
}((µv]vP‰‰Œ}À
(}ŒšZ
õò
š

À
oÇvÀ
X((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}i
šX

r

òUôðôUíìì

òUôðôUíìì
Z
o](]š]}v}(^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œš}WŒ]v]‰o
,}µ]vPK((]
Œ~ìXñ&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}Œ
o^
v]}Œ,}µ]vPK((]
Œ‰}]š]}v
š}WŒ]v]‰o,}µ]vPK((]
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
](µv
]v
šZ

o}ÁDŒl
šZš
&µvvìXñ&d
](µv
]všZ

,}µ]vP/u‰š&µvX

íðíUïìì

ñUõìì

íðóUîìì

 
4-92 Table of Contents 438
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
vš


'
v
Œo,}µ]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}Œ,}µ]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰
]o]Ì
}vµošvš
ŒÀ]
š}
µ‰‰}ŒššZ
,}µ]vP
‰Œšu
všU]voµ]vPZ}µ]vP‰}o]Ç
voǐ]U‰‰Œ]oU}všŒµš]}vu}v]š}Œ]vPUv]v‰ š]}vX

¨ r

íììUììì

íììUììì
^}(šÁŒ
/u‰o
u
všš]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
‹µ]]š]}vv]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(
}(šÁŒ
š}µ‰‰}Œš((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰Œ}PŒu
u]v]šŒš]}vv
šuvP
u
všX

r

òôUììì

òôUììì
}uuµv]šÇKµšŒ
Z~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}uuµv]šÇ}µšŒ
Z
((}ŒššZ𐵉‰}Œš
((}Œo
Z}µ]vP‰}o]]
U‰Œ}PŒuUvšŒš
P]
X

r

îìUììì

îìUììì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-93 Table of Contents 439
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-94 Table of Contents 440
,hDEZ
^KhZ
^
WZdD
Ed



,hDEZ
^KhZ
^/Z
dKZ
~DÆ]v
'µoo}
&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W íîXì &µoord]u

  îXì >]u]š
rW
Œ]} 
î ^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš
í ^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}
ð , µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš/l//
î , µuvZ
}µŒ
d
Zv]]v
í , µuvZ
}µŒ
d
Zv]]v
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}
í  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš
]švš]Œ
š}Œ}(,µuv
Z
}µŒ

~>]v
Ç]Z}‰
,µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œ
~<Œ]vÀo}
4-95 Table of Contents 441
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

d}ššŒšUŒ
š]vUv
À
o}‰Z]PZoÇ‹µo](]

u‰o}Ç

ÁZ}
Æ
u‰o](ÇšZ
]šÇ[Àoµ
v‰Œ}À]

Æ
‰š]}vo

ŒÀ]
š}šZ
}uuµv]šÇvÁ}Œl]vo]Pvu
všÁ]šZšZ
]šÇ[‰Œ]}Œ]š]
X


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
,µuv Z
}µŒ
 
‰Œšu
vš šŒ]À
š} (}š
Œv u]vš]v v
vPP]vPv Z]PZr‰
Œ(}Œu]vP Á}Œl‰o

µošµŒ
v‰Œ}À]
šŒš
P]]šv
vµ‰‰}Œšš}]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU
u‰o}Ç

Uv‰Œ}‰
š]À

u‰o}Ç

X


WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

{ DvP
 šZ
 , µuv Z
}µŒ
 
‰Œšu
všU ]voµ]vP Çrš}rÇ (µvš]}v v }ŒPv]Ìš]}vrÁ] 
]v]š]š]À
U š} ‰Œ}u}š

vPP
u
vš v  Á}Œl‰o
 µošµŒ
 PŒ}µv
 ]v šZ
 }ŒPv]Ìš]}v[ Á}Œl‰o

]
oW 
u‰}Á
Œ W
}‰o
U &}š
Œ }oo}Œš]}vU ^µ‰‰}Œš }vš]vµ}µ >
Œv]vPU
vZv
 KµŒ }uuµv]šÇU
Zu‰]}vt
oov
U>
Á]šZ
u‰šZÇUv
uŒ
ZvP
v/vv}Àš]}vX~WDí

{ KŒ]
všoov
Á
u‰o}Ç

š}šZ
]šÇv}vµš]vš
ŒÀ]
ÁÁ]šZoo
u‰o}Ç

ÁZ}
‰Œš
(Œ}u]šÇ

ŒÀ]
X~WDðUñ

{ DvP
vu]vš]v ‰}]š]À

u‰o}Ç

lo}ŒŒ
oš]}v Á]šZ µvŒ
‰Œ

vš
 v Œ
‰Œ

vš

u‰o}Ç


PŒ}µ‰ šZŒ}µPZ v
P}š]š]}v v u]v]šŒš]}v }( D
u}Œvµu }( hv
Œšv]vP v Œ
}oµš]}v
P}À
Œv]vPµvŒ
‰Œ

vš
}u‰
vš]}vv}oo}Œš]À
‰Œ}o
ur}oÀ]vP}vušš
Œ}(uµšµo]vš
Œ
šX
~WDîUïUï

{ 
À
o}‰ v u]vš]v ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
 (}Œu]v]š
Œ]vP
((
š]À
‰
Œ}vv
ol
u‰o}Ç

 Œ
oš]}v (µvš]}vX
~WDî

{ WovU }}Œ]vš
U v }((
Œ  
o
š]}v }( }u‰Œ
Z
v]À
 šŒ]v]vP v 
À
o}‰u
vš }‰‰}Œšµv]š]
 šZš
µ‰‰}Œš
u‰o}Ç

 ‰Œ}(
]}vo PŒ}ÁšZ v µ
]}v ‰ovv]vP
((}ŒšU ]voµ]vP ]vš
Œvo v
ƚ
Œvo

Œš](]š
‰Œ}PŒuv
u]
U]vrZ}µ
šŒ]v]vP(}Œooš((Uvo
PooÇuvš
šŒ]v]vPX~WDóUôU
õ

{ }vš]vµ

u‰o}Ç


vPP
u
vš
((}ŒšU ]voµ]vP }}Œ]vš]vP
u‰o}Ç


À
vš v µ‰‰}ŒŸvP
Œ
}Pv]š]}v‰Œ}PŒuX

{ &]oo Àvš ‰}]š]}v  ‹µ]loÇ v }šr
((
š]À
oÇ  ‰}]o
 ÁZ]o
 Z
Œ]vP š}
‹µo
u‰o}Çu
vš
‰Œ]v]‰o
X  Œ
š
 šŒš
P] Œ
Œµ]šu
vš v 
o
š]}v ‰ov (}Œ
Z ÀvÇ š} u

š šZ
 v

 }(

‰Œšu
všv
u‰o}Ç‹µo](]
v
vPP
š((X~WDï

{
Àoµš
U µ‰š
U v u]vš]v šZ
  ]šÇ[ o](]š]}v ‰ov šZŒ}µPZ ‰
Œ]}] oŒÇ µŒÀ
ǐ v
o](]š]}vlŒ
o](]š]}všµ]
Uv]u‰o
u
všZvP
š}šZ
]šÇ[}u‰
vš]}v‰ovv


X

{ DvP
vu]v]š
ŒšZ
]šÇ[}u‰Œ
Z
v]À

v
(]š‰Œ}PŒu(}Œ
u‰o}Ç

vŒ
š]Œ

U]voµ]vP

u‰o}Ç

v(]vv]oÁ
oov
‰Œ}PŒuX~WDòUíì
4-96 Table of Contents 442
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


{ u]v]š
Œv}À
Œ

šZ
]šÇ[o
À
v‰
Œ(}Œuv
uvP
u
vš‰Œ}PŒuX

{ >
Á}Œl‰o
Á
oov
Ç}((
Œ]vPÀŒ]
šÇ}(‰Œ}PŒuUš]À]š]
Uv]v
vš]À
}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
šZšoo}Á
(}Œ  ‰
Œ}vo]Ì
 v µv]‹µ
 ‰‰Œ}Z š} ]v]À]µo ‰Zǐ]o v u
všo Z
ošZU ÁZ]o
 ]uµošv
}µoÇ
(}š
Œ]vP}uuµv]šÇµ‰‰}ŒšU
vPP
u
všUvZ]
À
u
všX

{ DvP
v}}Œ]vš
šZ
]šÇ[PŒ]
Àv
v‰‰
o‰Œ}
v]š
‰Œšu
všÁ]šZoo]]‰o]vŒÇ
š]}vX

{ }}Œ]vš
 Á]šZ šZ
 &]vv
 v u]v]šŒš]À
 ^
ŒÀ]
 
‰Œšu
vš š} ‰Œ}
 µŒš
 ‰
Œ}vv
o
]v(}Œuš]}v(}Œ‰nj}ooUµP
š]vPUvŒ
‰}Œš]vP‰µŒ‰}
X

{ WŒšv
Œ Á]šZ 
‰Œšu
vš o

Œ (}Œ šŒš
P] Á}Œl(}Œ
 ‰ovv]vPU ]voµ]vPW  Œ
Œµ]šu
vš š]À]š]
 š}
ššŒš v Œ
š]v  Z]PZoÇ
vPP
 Á}Œl(}Œ
V šŒ]v]vP v
Æ
µš]À
 }Z]vP š} µ‰‰}Œš
u‰o}Ç



À
o}‰u
všvŒ
l]ooP‰VŒ
}ŒPv]Ìš]}vU]voµ]vPo](]š]}vv}u‰
vš]}vŒ
À]
ÁVv
voǐ]}(šµŒv}À
ŒU]voµ]vPŒ
š]Œ
u
vš‰Œ}i
š]}vX

{ }vš]vµ
š}]v(}Œuv
vPP
]šÇš((]v}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]š]}v]À]]}vU]voµ]vPš((
Œ]
(U]všŒv
šUv}šZ
Œ(}Œu}(}uuµv]š]}vX

D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

{ ^µ
(µooÇ >µvZ ˜ š }v šZ

u‰o}Ç


vPP
u
vš ^µŒÀ
ÇX }u‰o
š
 šZ
 ]u‰o
u
všŸ}v }( šZ


u‰o}Ç


vPP
u
všµŒÀ
ljož}ŒuUu]v]š
ŒšZ
]vµPµŒoµŒÀ
ÇUv
À
o}‰
‰Œšu
všoŸ}v
‰ov
}všZ
Œ
µošš}šŒ
vPšZ
vÁ}Œl‰o
µošµŒ
U]vŒ


u‰o}Ç

Œ
š
vŸ}vUvµ]o}všZ

]šÇ[Á}Œl‰o
]
oX

{ }vµš >}Œ E
P}ŸŸ}v ˜ ^šŒ
vPšZ
v >}Œ DvP
u
vš Z
oŸ}vX >
 DKh v
P}ŸŸ}v Á]šZ
Œ
‰Œ

vš

u‰o}Ç

 PŒ}µ‰ ]v  šŒv‰Œ
všU }oo}ŒŸÀ
 uvv
ŒU Á}Œl]vP š}ÁŒ šZ
 µ
(µo
}u‰o
Ÿ}vv‰‰Œ}Ào}(v
ÁPŒ

u
vš‰Œ]}Œš}šZ

Ɖ]ŒŸ}v}(µŒŒ
všPŒ

u
všX
vPP
Á]šZ
µvŒ
‰Œ

vš

u‰o}Ç

 PŒ}µ‰ š} }‰š Ÿu
oÇ }u‰
vŸ}v Œ
}oµŸ}vX }vŸvµ
 (}š
Œ]vP ‰}]ŸÀ

o}ŒuvP
u
všŒ
oŸ}vZ]‰šZŒ}µPZ}vP}]vP}uuµv]Ÿ}vvi}]vš‰Œ}o u}oÀ]vPšZŒ}µPZ}µššZ

v
P}ŸŸ}v‰Œ}
X

{
o
Àš

u‰o}Ç

 
v
.šU t
oov
 ˜ &]vv]o ^
µŒ]šÇX }u‰o
š
 šZ
 ]u‰o
u
všŸ}v }( šZ
 
v
.š
u]v]šŒŸ}v‰ož}ŒuU
}µš}u
(Œ}ušZ
.vv]oÁ
oov
š}}o‰]o}š~Œ
ŸŒ
u
vš‰ovv]vP
ŒÀ]

v šµ
vš o}v ]šv
U v
Ɖv Á
oov
 ‰Œ}PŒuu]vP š} }vŸvµ
 µ]o]vP  µošµŒ
 šZš
Zu‰]}v
u‰o}Ç

 Z
ošZ v Á}Œl‰o
 ZŒu}vÇU vµŒšµŒ]vP v
vÀ]Œ}vu
vš ÁZ
Œ

u‰o}Ç

 (

o
‰Zǐ]ooÇÁ
ooU
u}Ÿ}vooǐµ‰‰}Œš
Uv.vv]ooǐ
µŒ
X

{ Àv
]šÇÁ]
^µ
]}vWovv]vP˜>

ŒZ]‰
À
o}‰u
všXµ]oµš]vo
o

ŒZ]‰‰]‰
o]v

Ç ]u‰o
u
vŸvP šZ
 ]šÇÁ]
 µ
]}v ‰ovv]vP ‰Œ}PŒuU ]
vŸ(Ç]vP Œ]Ÿo ‰}]Ÿ}v š Œ]l µ
 š}
µ‰}u]vP Œ
ŸŒ
u
všU v ‰Œ}À]]vP šŒP
š
 }Z]vPU 
À
o}‰u
všU v šŒ]v]vP }‰‰}Œšµv]Ÿ
 š oo
o
À
o}(šZ
}ŒPv]ÌŸ}vX

4-97 Table of Contents 443
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


{ D}
Œv]Ì
,ZK ‰
ŒŸ}vdZŒ}µPZd
Zv}o}PǘWŒ}
/vv}ÀŸ}vX/
vŸ(Çv]u‰o
u
všš
Zv}o}PÇ
}oµŸ}vv‰Œ}
]u‰Œ}À
u
vššZš]vŒ

}‰
ŒŸ}vo
8]
vÇUŒ
µ
u]v]šŒŸÀ
µŒ
vUv

o
Àš
 šZ

u‰o}Ç

 v v]š

Ɖ
Œ]
v
X dZ] ]voµ

ÀoµŸvP
u
ŒP]vP š}}o š} µš}uš

Œ}µŸv
 ,Z (µvŸ}vU uÆ]u]Ì]vP šZ
 (µoo ‰]o]Ÿ
 }( Œ

všoÇ ]u‰o
u
vš
 ‰ož}Œu ~}v}Œ]vPU

v
.š u]v]šŒŸ}vU
vPP
u
v𠐵ŒÀ
ÇU v }vŸvµ]vP š}
Ɖv ]P]šo v ‰‰
Œo
 Á}ŒlG}Á
Œ},Z‰Œ}PŒuŒ
X

{ }}Œ]vš
Á]šZšZ
]šÇo
Œl[K8
š}}v}Œv
ÁoÇ
o
š
}µv]ou
u
ŒX

{ }}Œ]vš
 Á]šZ šZ
 ]šÇ ©}Œv
Ç[ K8
 v šZ
 &]vv
 v u]v]šŒŸÀ
 ^
ŒÀ]
 
‰Œšu
vš š}
µ‰‰}Œš ]šÇrÁ]
 }u‰o]v
 v ‰Œ}
 ]u‰o
u
všŸ}v ]v Œ
‰}v
 š} Œ

vš o}Œ v }všŒŸvP
o
P]oŸ}vX

W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ðõXñ9 Díìì9
î Z
Œµ]šu
vš
vZ
š
vš]}v
Eµu
Œ}(À}oµvšŒÇ

‰Œš]}vv}À
Œoo
šµŒv}À
ŒŒš
(}ŒŒ
PµoŒ
‰}]š]}vX
t}Œlo} r îô r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díì9 ïXõï9 Díì9
ï Z
Œµ]šu
vš
vZ
š
vš]}v
Eµu
Œ}(Œ
Œµ]šu
vš
‰‰}]všu
všUv}š]voµ]vP
‰Œ}u}š]}v(}Œ(o
Æ]oÇr
š((
‰}]š]}vUv
‰
Œ
vš}(W
t}Œlo} r ðð r
4-98 Table of Contents 444
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
XZ
Œµ]šu
všlÀvš
‰}]š]}v(]oo
Á]šZ
]vš
Œvov]š

W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïì9 ïòXïò9 Eïì9
XZ
Œµ]šu
vš]v
ÁZ]Z
o]P]]o]šÇo]š
Œ

o]À
Œ
š}šZ


‰Œšu
vš]v
}Œv
Á]šZ

šo]Z
š]u
o]v

W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 õïXí9 Eõì9
XZ
š
vš]}v}(v
Á
Z]Œ
]všZ
]Œ(]Œš
Ç
Œ
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 õòXï9 Eõì9
ð 
v
(]š
Eµu
Œ}(v
Á
u‰o}Ç



v
(]š}Œ]
všš]}v
]}v
v‰
Œ
vš}vµš

Á]šZ]všZŒ

Á}Œl]vPǐ}(
Z]Œ
X
t}Œlo} r íð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõô9 íìì9 Eõô9
ñ 
v
(]š
Eµu
Œ}(Œ
š]Œ
u
vš
‰ovv]vPu

š]vP
}vµš
v‰
Œ
vš}(
Œ
š]Œ]vP
u‰o}Ç


ŒÀ
X
t}Œlo} r íí r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 íìì9 Eõì9
ò 
v
(]š
Eµu
Œ}(
u‰o}Ç



v
(]š]v‹µ]Œ]
v
‰
Œ
všŒ
‰}v
š}Á]šZ]v
šÁ}Á}Œl]vPǐX
t}Œlo} r íóó r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõô9 íìì9 Eõô9
ó KŒPv]Ìš]}vo

À
o}‰u
vš
Eµu
Œ}(
‰Œšu
všo

}Œ}ŒPv]Ì
]vrZ}µ

šŒ]v]vPvW
t}Œlo} r íô r
XW
Œ
vš}(š}šo
šŒ]v]vP}((
Œ

Á]šZšo
šóñ9}(
‰Œš]]‰všŒš]vP
šZ
šŒ]v]vPÀ
΂
P}}}Œ
Æ
oo
vš
}À
Œoo
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 ôñ9 Eõì9
Xµuµoš]À
vµu
Œ
}(šŒ]v]vPZ}µŒ
Œ

]À
Ç

u‰o}Ç

X
t}Œlo} r íUíïî r
ô KŒPv]Ìš]}vo

À
o}‰u
vš
Eµu
Œv‰
Œ
všP
}(
š}šo
u‰o}Ç


‰Œš]]‰š]vP]v

‰Œšu
všo
U}ŒPv]Ì
U
}Œ‰}v}Œ
šŒ]v]vPX
t}Œlo} r Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïï9 Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ Eïï9
4-99 Table of Contents 445
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
õ KŒPv]Ìš]}vo

À
o}‰u
vš
W
Œ
vš}(o
PooÇruvš


u‰o}Ç

šŒ]v]vP~
šZ]U
ZŒu
všUuvš

Œ
‰}Œš
Œ}u‰o
š

Œ
‹µ]Œ
X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ íìì9
íì t
oov

Eµu
Œv‰
Œ
všP
}(

u‰o}Ç

‰Œš]]‰š]vP]v
šZ
À}oµvšŒÇt
oov

/v
vš]À
WŒ}PŒuX
t}Œlo} r Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eïï9 Z
‰}Œš

vvµooÇ Eïï9
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
Œ

]À
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r ï r

 
4-100 Table of Contents 446
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
,µuvZ
}µŒ
]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švš]Œ
š}Œ}(,µuvZ
}µŒ
 ì ì íŽð
,µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œ í í íŽð
^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš ï ï îŽð
,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš/l// ð ð ð
,µuvZ
}µŒ
d
Zv]]v î î î
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš ì íŽî í
d}šoZ
PµoŒ íí íî íî
d}šoW}]š]}v ííŽí íîŽï íîŽñ
Ží /v]š]}všZ
Œ
Œ
šZ
(}oo}Á]vPo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}‰}]š]}vW,µuvZ
}µŒ
d
Zv]]vv
u]v]šŒš]À
]švšX
Žî  ]š]}v}(vu]v]šŒš]À
]švš‰}]š]}vX
Žï / v]š]}všZ
Œ
]o]u]š
r‰
Œ]},µuvZ
}µŒ
d
Zv]]v‰}]š]}vX
Žð Z
o](]š]}v}(šZ
,µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œš}]švš]Œ
š}Œ}(,µuvZ
}µŒ
Uv
Œ
o](]š]}v}(^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐšš},µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
ŒX
Žñ / v]š]}všZ
Œ
Œ
šZ
(}oo}Á]vPo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}‰}]š]}vW^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐšv,µuv
Z
}µŒ
d
Zv]]vX


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]𐠍 ïUìíôUóðì ïUòïôUïóò ïUñóôUîñò
^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
  íUîòóUíñõ íUïïîUóìî íUòññUòìî
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ðUîôñUôõõ ðUõóíUìóô ñUîïïUôñô

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  ïUòíñUïïí ðUìôõUòóô ðUíõôUõñô
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  òòïUïñò ôòóUðìì õòñUõìì

u‰o}Ç


v
(]š  óUîíî íðUììì òõUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ ðUîôñUôõõ ðUõóíUìóô ñUîïïUôñô

Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  òíñ ì ì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ òíñ ì ì

  4-101 Table of Contents 447
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Z
o](]š]}v}(^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš
‰}]š]}vš},µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œ‰}]š]}v~íXì&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}Œ
o^
v]}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
voǐš
š},µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
ŒX ¨ îòðUóìì

òóUììì

ïïíUóìì
Z
o](]š]}v}(,µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œ‰}]š]}vš}
]švš]Œ
š}Œ}(,µuvZ
}µŒ
‰}]š]}v~íXì&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}Œ
o,µuvZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œš}
]švš]Œ
š}Œ}(,µuvZ
}µŒ
X

ïïíUóìì

ððUõìì

ïóòUòìì
t
oov
/v
vš]À
WŒ}PŒu

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
]šÇ–t
oov
/v
vš]À

WŒ}PŒuX

òìUììì

íñUììì

óñUììì
^}(šÁŒ
^µŒ]‰š]}v

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}(šÁŒ
o]
v]vP(}Œ‰Œ}µš]À]šÇš}}o
]voµ]vP'ŒuuŒoÇv}‰]o}šX

r

óUòìì

óUòìì

'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
>}ŒE
P}š]š]}v^
ŒÀ]
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œo}Œv
P}š]š]}vU
À
o}‰u
všv
]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(D
u}Œv}(hv
Œšv]vP~DKhU
vo
Po}µv
oŒ
oš
š}
u‰o}Ç

Œ
oš]}vvo}Œ
PŒ

u
všušš
ŒX ¨ r

îñìUììì

îñìUììì
,µuvZ
}µŒ
d
Zv]]vW}]š]}v~íXì&d
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œo]u]š
r‰
Œ]},µuv
Z
}µŒ
d
Zv]]v‰}]š]}vXdZ]‰}]š]}vÁ]oo‰
Œ(}Œu
ÀŒ]
‰Œ‰Œ}(
]}vovš
Zv]oµš]
Œ
oš
š}
Œ
Œµ]šu
všU‰}]š]}vo](]š]}vv}u‰
vš]}vU

v
(]šu]v]šŒš]}vUv}šZ
Œ‰Œ}PŒuŒ
X

r

îíïUòìì

îíïUòìì
]šÇÁ]
^µ
]}vWovv]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇÁ]
^µ
]}vWovv]vP
((}ŒšX
dZ
(µvÁ]oo
µ
(}ŒŒ
Œµ]šu
všŒ
}µŒ
U}Z]vPU
v
À
o}‰u
všš}‰Œ
‰Œ
šZ
}ŒPv]Ìš]}v(}Œµ‰}u]vP
Œ
š]Œ
u
všvšŒv]š]}v]v

vš]oo

ŒZ]‰‰}]š]}vX

r

íñìUììì

íñìUììì
4-102 Table of Contents 448
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š

u‰o}Ç

Z
oš]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ,µuvZ
}µŒ
o
Po
ŒÀ]
U

u‰o}Ç

Œ
oš]}vUvÁ}Œl‰o
]vÀ
š]Pš]}vX ¨ r

íðìUììì

íðìUììì
,}µŒoÇtP
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoÇÁP
(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((]voµ]vP
]vš
ŒvXdZ
Z}µŒo]
Á]ooµ‰‰}Œšoo‰Œ}PŒuŒ
Á]šZ]v
šZ
,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
všX

r

íììUììì

íììUììì
t
oov
WŒ}PŒuu]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}‰Œ}u}š
}ŒPv]Ìš]}voÁ
oov

‰Œ}PŒu]všZ
]šÇX

r

òìUììì

òìUììì

u‰o}Ç


vPP
u
vš
À
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ
u‰o}Ç

‰‰Œ
]š]}vvŒ
}Pv]š]}v

À
všX

r

ïìUììì

ïìUììì
dŒ]v]vPv}v(
Œ
v
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ
u‰o}Ç

šŒ]v]vPU‰Œ}(
]}vo

À
o}‰u
všUv}v(
Œ
v
‰Œš]]‰š]}v(}Œš((]všZ

,µuvZ
}µŒ

‰Œšu
všX

r

íîUïìì

íîUïìì
W
Œ}vv
o&]o
]P]š]Ìš]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒŒ
}ŒuvP
u
všv]P]š]Ìš]}v}(
‰
Œ}vv
o(]o
X

r

íìUììì

íìUììì


u‰o}Ç


v
(]š^
o(r/vµŒv
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š

v
(]šu]v]šŒš]}v^ǐš
u

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
]u‰o
u
všš]}vv
ŒÀ]
(


(}Œ
v
(]šu]v]šŒš]}v^ǐš
uX ¨ r

ññUììì

ññUììì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-103 Table of Contents 449
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-104 Table of Contents 450
/E&KZDd/KEd
,EK>K'z
WZdD
Ed







K‰
Œš]}v

í /dK ‰
Œš]}vDvP
Œ
í ^
v]}Œ/dvoǐš
î /d voǐš/l//

,
o‰
l

í ^
v]}Œ/dd
Zv]]v
ï /dd
Zv]]v/l//


vš
Œ‰Œ]
^ǐš
u

í /d ‰‰o]š]}vDvP
Œ
î W Œ]v]‰o/dvoǐš
í ^
v]}Œ/dvoǐš
î /d voǐš
E
šÁ}Œl]vP

í /dK ‰
Œš]}vDvP
Œ
í ^
v]}Œ/dvoǐš
í /d voǐš/l//

d
>K

í /d voǐš/l//
/Kl/E&KZDd/KEd
,EK>K'z/Z
dKZ
~D]Z
o^]v}Œ
&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W îñXì &µoord]u

 

 

u]v]šŒš]}v

í  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš
í  ]švš/d]Œ
š}Œ
 ~
vvÇ,]
Z
'/^

í W Œ]v]‰o/dvoǐš
î /d voǐš/l//
í ^ ǐš
u}}Œ]vš}Œld
ZX

4-105 Table of Contents 451
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

d}µ‰‰}Œšv]u‰o
u
vššZ
µ
}(š
Zv}o}PÇš}
vZv
µš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
U
((]]
vÇUvÀv
šZ
u]]}v
}(šZ
}ŒPv]Ìš]}vX


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
 /v(}Œuš]}v d
Zv}o}PÇ 
‰Œšu
vš ‰ovU u]vš]vU v uvP
 šZ
 ]šÇ[ }u‰µš
Œ]Ì
 ]v(}Œuš]}v
Çš
uU }uuµv]š]}v v
šÁ}ŒlU v š
o
}uuµv]š]}v Çš
uX  ^
ŒÀ]
 ]voµ
 Çš
u voǐ] v

]PvU ‰Œ}i
š uvP
u
všU }u‰µš
Œ }‰
Œš]}vU }u‰µš
Œ
‹µ]‰u
vš u]vš
vv
U }(šÁŒ
 
o
š]}vU
À
v}ŒuvP
u
všUvÁ
]š

À
o}‰u
všvµ‰‰}ŒšX


WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x /d/v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
^
ŒÀ]
WDvP
vµ‰‰}ŒššZ
‰ovv]vPU]u‰o
u
všš]}vU}‰
Œš]}vUvu]vš
vv

}(]v(}Œuš]}vš
Zv}o}PÇU]voµ]vPÁ]Œ
vÁ]Œ
o
v
šÁ}ŒlU
ŒÀ
ŒU
vrµ
ŒÁ}Œlšš]}vUµ]}r
À]µo
‹µ]‰u
všUvš
o
‰Z}v
Çš
uX~WDîUïUñ
1 x ‰‰o]š]}vW ]š 
‰Œšu
vš ]v ]
vš](Ç]vP µ]v
 Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
vš v ‰Œ}µŒ
u
vš }( }(šÁŒ

‰‰o]š]}vXZ
‰}v]o
(}Œ]u‰o
u
vš]vPvµ‰‰}Œš]vP
vš
Œ‰Œ]
‰‰o]š]}vU]voµ]vP}vr‰Œ
u]
U
Z}š
Uv}(šÁŒ
rrr
ŒÀ]
Çš
uX~WDòUóUô
1 x '/^WDvP
šZ
'
}PŒ‰Z]/v(}Œuš]}v^ǐš
u~'/^š
uš}µ‰‰}Œš
‰Œšu
všÇ‰Œ}À]]vPµŒš
U
}v]š
všUv}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
'/^šU'/^]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
Uv'/^
ŒÀ]
X~WDð
1 x /d ^
µŒ]šÇW ^ (
PµŒ šZ
  ]šÇ P]vš Ç
Œ
µŒ]šÇ šZŒ
š Ç ‰Œ}š
š]vP ]š š v v
šÁ}Œl
]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
XdZ]]voµ
/d
µŒ]šÇšŒ]v]vP}(
š‰Œš]
(}Œ]šÇš((vu}v]š}Œ]vP}(/dÇš
u
(}Œ‰}]o
Ç
ŒrššlX~WDô
1 x u]v]šŒš]}vWDvP
šZ
‰Œ}µŒ
u
všvµP
š]vP(}Œoo]šÇZŒÁŒ
U]voµ]vP
ŒÀ
ŒUv
šÁ}Œl

‹µ]‰u
všUµ]}rÀ]µo
‹µ]‰u
všU‰‰o]š]}vU
vrµ
ŒZŒÁŒ
Uv}‰
Œš]vPÇš
u}(šÁŒ
X~WD
í
1 D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š
1 x }vŸvµ
š}µ‰š
}µv]oW}o]]
Uo
P]oŸÀ
l}všŒšš
u‰oš
Uv}šZ
Œ}µu
všX~}oo}ŒŸ}v
Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU &]vv
 v u]v]šŒŸÀ
 ^
ŒÀ]
U v /v(}ŒuŸ}v d
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇ©}Œv
Ç[U]šÇo
Œl[Uv]šÇDvP
Œ[K8

1 x
Ɖv o}
r]Œµ]š š
o
À]]}v ~ds ‰šµŒ
 Çš
u š} }šZ
Œ ]šÇ (]o]š]
X ~}oo}Œš]}v 
šÁ

v
W}o]
U]šÇDvP
Œ[K((]
UWµo]t}ŒlUv/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš

4-106 Table of Contents 452
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


x ‹µ]Œ
 v ]u‰o
u
vš  }u‰µš
Œ]Ì
 D ]vš
vv
 D vP
u
vš ^ ǐš
uX ~}oo}Œš]}v 
šÁ

v
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇU}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX

x 
À
o}‰v]u‰o
u
všv]vš
PŒš
šuvP
u
všÇš
uš}(µo(]oo&]Œ
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
všoWŒ}š
š]}v
]À]]}v š uvP
u
vš v Œ
‰}Œš]vP v

 Œ} uµoš]‰o
 Œ
Pµoš}ŒÇ ‰Œ}PŒu ]]‰o]v
X
~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

všZ
&]Œ
v/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš
1 x }vš]vµ
š}]u‰o
u
vššZ
v
Áhš]o]šÇ]oo]vP^ǐš
uX~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

v&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À

^
ŒÀ]
U/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇUvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš
1 x WŒ}µŒ
 }všŒš uvP
u
vš }(šÁŒ
 Çš
u ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ &]vv
 v u]v]šŒš]À
 ^
ŒÀ]

v/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
všv]šÇšš}Œv
Ç[K((]
X

x ‹µ]Œ
v]u‰o
u
vš]šÇÁ]
ovuvP
u
vš}(šÁŒ
Çš
uX~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

v}uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
U/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇUvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš
1 x h‰PŒ
šZ
]šÇ[>
Œ(]Z
Çš
uU]voµ]vPš}ŒP
Çš
ušZšu

ššZ
o](}Œv]dŒµš
^ǐš
u
Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všš}oo}Á
‰Œšu
všš}
^‰‰
Œo
_X~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

všZ
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všv]šÇo
Œl[K((]


x d
Zv}o}PÇ Œ
‰o
u
vš v ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
 u}
Œv]Ìš]}v }( šZ
 ]šÇ[ }Œ
 v
šÁ}Œl }uuµv]š]}v
]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
X

x D]PŒš]}v}(
Æ]š]vPµš]o]š]
šš}
Z^/[Œ'/^hš]o]šÇE
šÁ}Œl^
ŒÀ]
X~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

vWµo]
t}Œlv/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš

x
vš
Œ‰Œ]
rÁ]
 P
vU u

ŸvPU À}ŸvPU v šŒ
u]vP Çš
u µ‰PŒ
X ~}oo}ŒŸ}v 
šÁ

v ]šÇ
©}Œv
ÇU]šÇo
ŒlUv/v(}ŒuŸ}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš

x ^s]Œšµo_Z]
(/v(}ŒuŸ}v^
µŒ]šÇK8
Œš}
vPP
Á]šZ]šÇš}
À
o}‰‰}o]]
v
š‰ŒŸ
Œ
oŸvP
š}Ç
Œ
µŒ]šÇv]v]
všŒ
‰}v
X

x ]šÇÁ]
 ]vŸšµŸ}vo .
Œ v
šÁ}Œl u]PŒŸ}v v ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
 u}
Œv]ÌŸ}vX ~}oo}ŒŸ}v 
šÁ

v
]šÇDvP
Œ[K8
UWµo]t}ŒlUv/v(}ŒuŸ}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš

x ^µ‰‰}Œš ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
 }všŒµŸ}v v µ]o]vP ŸÀ]Ÿ
 (}Œ šZ

Æ]ŸvP v v
Á W µo] ^ (
šÇ
u]v]šŒŸ}v  µ]o]vPU ÁZ]o

vµŒ]vP }vŸvµ]šÇ }( ‰µo] (
šÇ v ]šÇ µ]v
 }‰
ŒŸ}vX
~}oo}ŒŸ}v
šÁ

vWµo]t}ŒlUW}o]
U&]Œ
Uv/v(}ŒuŸ}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš







4-107 Table of Contents 453
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X
1 D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ñïXñ9 Díìì9
î 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(µ‰š]u
(}Œ
šZ
]šÇ–W    
XŒ]š]o
ŒÀ
Œ~ W
Œ(}Œuv
 EõõXõ9 EõõXõ9 EõõXõ9
X/vš
Œv
š
}vv
š]À]šÇ(Œ}u
šZ
v
šÁ}Œl~
W
Œ(}Œuv
 EõõXõ9 EõõXõ9 EõõXõ9
ï 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(/dZ
o‰
l
š]l
šv‰
Œ
vš
Œ
‰}v
š}µŒ]vPv}Œuo
µ]v
Z}µŒÁ]šZ]vW
t}Œlo} r íóñð1 r
XKv
Z}µŒ(}Œ]µ

‰Œ]}Œ]š]Ì
Œ]š]o
~Çš
u}Áv(}Œ
uµoš]‰o
µ]v

µv]š}Œµš}u
Œ
}µvšl
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 îõ
ôõXòò9Ž Eõì9
X&}µŒZ}µŒ(}Œ]µ

‰Œ]}Œ]š]Ì

u
]µu~Çš
u

PŒ
(}Œ
uµoš]‰o
µ
Œ
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõì9 ðôî1
Eõì9 Eõì9
X
]PZšZ}µŒ(}Œ]µ









4-108 Table of Contents 454
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
‰Œ]}Œ]š]Ì
o}Á
~Çš
u
PŒ
(}Œ
}v
µ
Œ


W
Œ(}Œuv



Eõì9

íîðï
Eõì9


Eõì9
ð 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}('
}PŒ‰Z]
/v(}Œuš]}v^ǐš
u
Œ
‹µ
švÀ
ŒP
š]u

š}Œ
‰}vX
t}Œlo} r õî1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9Dô
Z}µŒ õóXôï9 õì9Dô
Z}µŒ
ñ 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(o]
vš
À]

µ‰‰}Œš
W    
XW
Œ}vo}u‰µš
Œ
vo‰š}‰ t}Œlo} r óðñ r
Xs}]
}À
Œ/vš
Œv
š
WŒ}š}}o~s}/W
‰Z}v

t}Œlo} r òõó r
XD}]o

À]
 t}Œlo} r îòõ r
ò 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(µŒÀ
Ç
Œ
‰}v
všv‰
Œ
vš
Œš]vP
lš}‰^µ‰‰}Œš
^
ŒÀ]
P}}}Œ

Æ
oo
všX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ñ1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eôñ9 Eôñ9 Eôñ9
ó 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(
vrµ
Œ
‰‰o]š]}v]u‰o
u
všš]}v
vµ‰PŒ
µv
ŒÁÇv
vµu
Œ}(‰‰o]š]}v]v
šZ
‹µ
µ
X
t}Œlo} r ò r
t}Œlo} r ó r
ô 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(
À]

µ‰‰}Œš
Á]šZuoÁŒ

}(šÁŒ
v‰
Œ
všÁ]šZ
µ‰rš}rš
}(šÁŒ
X
t}Œlo} r õôí1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eõõ9 Eõõ9 Eõõ9
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
Œ

]À
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r î r
1 ~ }
v}š]voµ
Z
µo
u]vš
vv
X
ŽD
šŒ]v}šu

š]vPšvŒµ
š}Œ
µ
š((]vPo
À
oX
1 1
4-109 Table of Contents 455
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
/Kl/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švš/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ]Œ
š}Œ í í í
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇK‰
Œš]}vDvP
Œ î î î
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}Plj‰o]š]}vDvP
Œ í í í
E
šÁ}ŒlŒZ]š
š ì ì ì
WŒ]v]‰o/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš ï ï ï
^
v]}Œ/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš ð ð ïŽî
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš/l// ó ó ôŽï
^
v]}Œ/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇd
Zv]]v í í í
^ǐš
u}}Œ]vš}Œld
Zv]]v í í í
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇd
Zv]]v/l// ï ï ï
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš í í í
d}šoZ
PµoŒ îñ îñ îñ
d}šoW}]š]}v îñŽí îñŽí îñ
1 Ží / v]š]}všZ
Œ
]o]u]š
r‰
Œ]}/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš/l//‰}]š]}vX
Žî D]Ç
ŒšŒv(
ŒvŒ
o](]š]}v}(^
v]}Œ/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš‰}]š]}vš}^
v]}Œ^ǐš
uvoǐš
]všZ
&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všX
Žï ]š]}v}(v/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš/l//X


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]𐠍 ñUõðíUõõî óUìóíUîôó óUììïUõôò
^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
  îUñîðUôìò ïUñóôUðíì ïUõñôUóíì
‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  íUìíìUðóñ òôíUõìì õììUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  õUðóóUîóï ííUïïíUñõó ííUôòîUòõò

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  óUóïóUñòñ õUíôòUìñî õUðìóUòôñ
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  îîðUíìô õìñUõìì òðñUðìì
tš
Œ  ñìñUíîð ññóUóðñ õìõUòíí

‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
všZ

ŒÀ
  íUìíìUðóò òôíUõìì õììUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ õUðóóUîóï ííUïïíUñõó ííUôòîUòõò

1 1
4-110 Table of Contents 456
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
/dvoǐš/l//W}]š]}v~íXì&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vÀ
Œšo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}/dvoǐš/l//
‰}]š]}vš}}vP}]vPXdZ]‰}]š]}vÁ]ooµ‰‰}Œš‰Œ}i
šŒ
oš

š}'
}PŒ‰Z]/v(}Œuš]}v^ǐš
u~'/^X ¨ r

îòòUíìì

îòòUíìì
Wµo]
vPP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ‰µo]
vPP
u
vš}(šÁŒ

šZ𐵉‰}Œšo
P]oš]À
uvP
u
všU‰µo]u

š]vPUÀ}š]vPU
Á
]š
}‰
Œš]}vUv}uuµv]šÇ
vPP
u
všX

óïUììì

ôïUììì

íñòUììì
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ^
ŒÀ]
U>]
v
Uv^}(šÁŒ

Z
v
Áo

WŒ}À]
v
Áv]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµo
ŒÀ]
U
o]
v
v}(šÁŒ
Œ
v
Áo(}Œ}
U}µ^]PvU
D]Œ}}(šK((]
UvÀŒ]}µ}šZ
Œ}(šÁŒ
o]
v
X

ïñóUììì

òñUììì

ðîîUììì
Z
oo}š
D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš
~DsWs
vµ
DvP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ
}š

Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
vš(}ŒšZ

D}µvš]vs]
Á
vš
Œ(}ŒW
Œ(}Œu]vPŒš~DsWs
vµ

DvP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ
X

íôUñìì

~íôUñìì

r
Z
oo}š
šDvP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
]šÇo
Œl–K((]
(}ŒšuvP
u
vš
}(šÁŒ
µ
ÇšZ
]šÇo
Œl–K((]
X

íôUïìì

~íôUïìì

r
Z
oo}š
&]Œ
^šš]}vo
Œš^ǐš
u}š

Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš(}ŒšZ
&]Œ
^šš]}v
o
Œš]vP^ǐš
uX

íñUììì

~íñUììì

r
1 1 1
4-111 Table of Contents 457
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ
‰Œšu
vš


1 '
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
d
u‰}ŒŒÇ^š((]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšÁ}š
u‰}ŒŒÇ/d
lš}‰d
Zv]]v//
‰}]š]}vU}µŒ
šZŒ}µPZš((]vPP
vÇXdZ

‰}]š]}v
Á]oo
o]À
Œ(Œ}všo]v
µ‰‰}Œš(}Œµ]}lÀ]µoÇš
uv
]šÇÁ]
‰‰o]š]}vX ¨ r

ðìòUðìì

ðìòUðìì
E
šÁ}Œl^
ŒÀ]
^µ‰‰}Œš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}Œšuv]š
vv
v
Œ]
(}ŒšZ

]šÇ–(]
Œv
šÁ}Œl]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
X

r

íîìUììì

íîìUììì
}všŒšDvP
u
vš^}(šÁŒ
/u‰o
u
všš]}v~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
]u‰o
u
všš]}v}(v
vš
Œ‰Œ]
r
o
À
o}všŒšuvP
u
všÇš
uX

r

óñUììì

óñUììì
/v(}Œuš]}v^
µŒ]šÇ}vµoš]vP^
ŒÀ]
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµoš]vP
ŒÀ]
š}]u‰o
u
všZŒ

Ç
Œ
µŒ]šÇo

ŒZ]‰Á]šZv
]PZ}Œ]vPP
v]
X

r

ððUììì

ððUììì
1 tš
Œ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
µ]v
>]
v]vP^}(šÁŒ
^µ‰‰}Œš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œv]š]}voÇ
Œ}(µ‰‰}Œšv
u]vš
vv
(}ŒšZ
]šÇ[µ]v
o]
v]vP}(šÁŒ

Çš
uX ¨ r

ðóUììì

ðóUììì
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇ^
ŒÀ]
U>]
v
Uv^}(šÁŒ

Z
v
Áo

WŒ}À]
v
Áv]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµo
ŒÀ]
U
o]
v
v}(šÁŒ
Œ
v
Áo(}Œ}
U}µ^]PvU
D]Œ}}(šK((]
UvÀŒ]}µ}šZ
Œ}(šÁŒ
o]
v
X

ïìUììì

ðíUóìì

óíUóìì
hš]o]šÇ]oo]vP^}(šÁŒ


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
vvµoo]
v
v
µŒ]‰š]}v}š}(šZ
]šÇ[v
Áµš]o]šÇ]oo]vP}(šÁŒ
X

íòUììì

îììUììì

îíòUììì
1 E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X
1 4-112 Table of Contents 458
>/ZZz
WZdD
Ed



&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W ïîXì &µoord]u

 îXîñ Z
PµoŒWŒšrd]u

  íXñ > ]u]š
rW
Œ]}  

h^dKD
Z
yW
Z/
E
E
d
,EK>K'z

î > ]ŒŒÇDvP
Œ
~vv}oo]v
~svš
î ^
v]}Œ>]ŒŒ]v
í > ]ŒŒÇµš}u
Œ^
ŒÀ]

^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
ñXñ > ]ŒŒ]v/l//
íXóñ ^
v]}Œ>]ŒŒÇ]švš
ñ > ]ŒŒÇ]švš/l//
ìXñ > ]ŒŒÇd
Zv]]v
ìXñ > ]ŒŒÇ]švš/l//~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}
íXì >
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
'µŒ
íXì >
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
'µŒ
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}
D/E/^dZd/KE

í  voǐš/l//
í
Æ
µš]À
]švš
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš

zKhd,UKK<DK/>
UE
K>>
d/KE^

í  > ]ŒŒÇDvP
Œ~Z
v

d]vP
í  ^
v]}Œ>]ŒŒ]v
òXñ  > ]ŒŒ]v/l//
î  ^
v]}Œ>]ŒŒÇ]švš
>/ZZz/Z
dKZ
~d΂'΂
^^/^dEd>/ZZz/Z
dKZ
~t]oo]u<}o
4-113 Table of Contents 459
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed

KµŒ>]ŒŒÇ](}Œ
À
΂}v
Xt
Œ
(Œ

Œ
}µŒ
šZšZ
o‰}µŒ}uuµv]šÇ}vv
šUŒ
š
Uvo
ŒvX


WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t

dZ
 >]ŒŒÇ }((
Œ (Œ

 uš
Œ]oU 
ŒÀ]
U v ‰Œ}PŒu ]v  Á
o}u]vP ‰
 (}Œ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ š}
}vv
šU Œ
š
U v o
ŒvX ^š(( ‰Œ}À]
 Œ
(
Œ
v
U Œ

Œ[ À]}ŒÇU v š
Zv}o}PÇ Z
o‰ ]v ‰
Œ}vU
}vo]v
UvljZ}v
XZ
}µŒ
]v‰Œ]všUu
]Uv]P]šo(}ŒušŒ
Œ
PµoŒoǵ‰š
UvšZŒ}µPZ
Œ
P]}vo}}‰
Œš]À
UšZ
>]ŒŒÇo}‰Œ}À]

š}uš
Œ]o(Œ}u}šZ
Œo]ŒŒ]
X]P]šoŒ
}µŒ
v
µZ
}}lUµ]}}}lUš
UvšŒ
u]vPu
]vŒ
À]oo
îðlóX

dZ
>]ŒŒÇZ}š‰Œ}PŒu(}ŒooP
šZš
vš
Œš]vU
µš
Uv
o
Œš
}uuµv]šÇ]À
Œ]šÇXdZ

(
UÁ
ooæu]vš]v
(]o]šÇ(
šµŒ
t]æ&]U}u‰µš
ŒUšµÇŒ}}uU
š]vPŒ
UZ]oŒ
v[Z}}uU
š

v ‰
U v šZ
 ,]š}ŒÇ 
vš
ŒX ^
ŒÀ]
 o}
ƚ
v 
Ç}v šZ
 µ]o]vP šZŒ}µPZ }µšŒ
Z š}
Z}u
}µv ‰šŒ}v v šZ
 }}lu}]o
U ÁZ]Z À]]𐠐Z}}oU Á}Œl‰o
U 
v]}Œ 
vš
ŒU v }šZ
Œ
}uuµv]šÇo}š]}vX


WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^










u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}vo

‰Œšu
všo‰ovv]vPvP}oæ
šš]vPUšŒš
P]v(]vv]o
uvP
u
všUšl
Z}o
ŒŒ
oš]}vU‰}o]Çv‰Œ}i
š}À
Œ]PZšU‰
Œ}vv
oUv}uuµv]š]}vX/š
o}uvP
µP
švPŒvšU}všŒšUv(]o]šÇ}‰
Œš]}vUv}oo}Œš
Á]šZP}À
Œv]vP
vÀ]}ŒÇ}]
v}uuµv]šÇ‰Œšv
ŒX
µš}u
Œ
Ɖ
Œ]
v
vd
Zv}o}PÇ
dZ
µš}u
Œ
Ɖ
Œ]
v
]À]]}v}À
Œ

µš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
Uo]ŒŒÇ‰Œ}PŒuU‰µo]}u‰µš
ŒU
šZ
,]š}ŒÇ
vš
ŒUšµÇŒ}}uUv
µŒ]šÇX/šuvP
o]ŒŒÇŒ]µv
Uo
v]vPUŒ
(
Œ
v

v]P]šo
ŒÀ]
Uš
Zv}o}Pǐµ‰‰}ŒšUv}}Œ]vš
šZ
µošo
Œv]vP‰Œ}PŒuvuš
Œ]o

o
š]}vv‰Œ}
]vPX/š}À
Œ

š
Zv}o}Pǐµ‰‰}ŒšUu]vš]všZ
Çš
ušZšo
šÇ}µ}ŒŒ}Á
v(]vuš
Œ]oUv}((
ŒÁ]
ŒvP
}(]v(}Œuš]}vov]P]šo
ŒÀ]
UµZ
r}}lU
šŒ
u]vPUv}vo]v
o
Œv]vPvšŒ]v]vPX
z}µšZU}}lu}]o
Uv}oo
š]}v
dZ
z}µšZU}}lu}]o
Uv}oo
š]}v]À]]}v}À
Œ

‰Œ}PŒuU‰
UvŒ
}µŒ
(}Œ
À]]š}Œ(Œ}u]ŒšZšZŒ}µPZP
íôU(u]o]
Uv
µš}ŒU(}µ]vP}vuµoš]o]vPµo}oo
š]}vv
o]š
ŒÇµ‰‰}ŒšX/š‰Œ}À]
Z}}o}µšŒ
ZU}‰
Œš
šZ
}}lu}]o
UvuvP
uš
Œ]o
}ŒPv]Ìš]}vvšZ
>]vl=]vš
Œo]ŒŒÇ
ŒÀ]
X/šuvP
šZ
>]ŒŒÇ[Á
]š
U}]ou
]Uv
}uuµv]š]}vš}l

‰Œ
]
vš]v(}Œu
v
vPP
X
4-114 Table of Contents 460
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvŸ}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvŸ}vZu
µŒ
Ÿ
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x WŒ}À]

š}‹µo]šÇv}ŒPv]Ì
}oo
š]}v}(‰}‰µoŒv
vµŒ]vPuš
Œ]o]vÀŒ]
šÇ}((}Œuš
(}Œµš}u
Œš}µ
v}ŒŒ}Á(}Œ(Œ

Á]šZo]ŒŒÇŒX~WDíUïUñUòUõUíì

x WŒ}À]

š}]À
Œ
v‰
]o}oo
š]}vUµZÁ}ŒoovPµP
UovPµP
o
Œv]vPU‰Œ
vš]vPUv
]š]Ì
vZ]‰uš
Œ]oX~WDíUïUñUòUõUíì

x WŒ}À]
îðló
š}]P]šoŒ
}µŒ
UµZ
}}lUµ]}}}lU]P]šouPÌ]v
UšŒ
u]vPu
]U
v š
 v Œ
}µŒ
 šZ𠐵‰‰}Œš l]oorµ]o]vPU (]vv]o o]š
ŒÇU ovPµP
 o
Œv]vPU v u}Œ
X
~WDíUï

x WŒ}À]

š}uš
Œ]o]v}šZ
Œo]ŒŒ]
šZŒ}µPZŒ
P]}voŒ
}µŒ
rZŒ]vP}}‰
Œš]À
š}
vZv

v
Ɖv
š}uš
Œ]oX~WDíUï

x WŒ}À]
Á
o}u]vPU}u(}Œšo
UÁ
ooru]vš]v
Uv(
(]o]šÇv
vÀ]Œ}vu
vš(}Œooµš}u
Œš}
µ
v
vi}ÇXW}š]v(}Œuš]}v}v‰}o]]
v‰Œ}

šZšP}À
Œv}vµšÁZ]o
]všZ
(]o]šÇvÁZ
v
µ]vPo]ŒŒÇ
ŒÀ]
X~WDíUîUô

x WŒ}À]
vu]vš]v
ŒÀ]
]všZ
(]o]šÇUµZ}u(}Œšo

š]vPvšµÇšo
UšµÇŒ}}uU
]vš
Œv
š}u‰µš
ŒUv(Œ

t]r&]X~WDíUîUô

x WŒ}À]
]v(}Œuš]}v(}Œ}ŒŒ}Á]vPo]ŒŒÇuš
Œ]ovšZ
µ
}(šZ
o]ŒŒÇ[
ŒÀ]
v‰Œ}PŒuX~WD
íUîUïUðUóUôUõUíìUííUíî

x WŒ}À]
 ‰‰Œ}‰Œ]š
 ]v(}Œuš]}voU Œ
(
Œ
v
U Œ

Œ[ À]}ŒÇU v š
Zv}o}PÇ ]šv
 ]v ‰
Œ}vU
}vo]v
UvÀ]‰Z}v
X~WDîUôUõUíìUíí

x D]vš]v  ,]š}ŒÇ 
vš
Œ šZš }oo
šU ‰Œ

ŒÀ
U v ]‰oǐ uš
Œ]o v Œš](𐠉
Œš]v]vP š}
D}µvš]vs]
Á[Z]š}ŒÇXWŒ}À]

µš]}vo‰Œ}PŒuU]š]vo}oZ]š}ŒÇŒ

ŒZUv
u}všŒš

Z}Áš}µ
‰Zǐ]ov]P]š]Ì
o}oZ]š}ŒÇuš
Œ]oX~WDíUîUïUðUíî

x WŒ}À]
]š]}vo
š}o]ŒŒÇ
ŒÀ]
šZŒ}µPZZ}u
}µvv}}lu}]o

ŒÀ]
X~WDíUïUðUóU
õUíì

x µ]o‰Œšv
ŒZ]‰Á]šZo}oZ}}oš}‰Œ}À]
o]ŒŒÇš}µŒUZ}}oÀ]]šUvšµ
vš]P]šoo]ŒŒÇŒ
(}Œ<ríµ
všÁ]šZšZ
P}o}(
Ɖv]vPšµ
vš[
š}šZ
o]ŒŒÇ[]P]šov‰Zǐ]o}oo
š]}vX
~WDîUïUðUóUíí

x WŒ}À]
µŒŒ
všUŒ
o
ÀvšU]vv}Àš]À
Uv(Œ

o]ŒŒÇ‰Œ}PŒuv
À
vš(}ŒooP
š}u

š}uuµv]šÇ
v

v]vš
Œ
š]vŒ
µZ
µš]}vUo]š
ŒÇUš
Zv}o}PÇUµošµŒ
U]À
Œ]šÇUv
vš
Œš]vu
vš
š}µ‰‰}Œšo](
o}vPo
Œv]vPX~WDðUõ

4-115 Table of Contents 461
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


x WŒ}u}š
o]ŒŒÇ
ŒÀ]
šZŒ}µPZÀŒ]}µuŒl
š]vP
((}Œšv}µšŒ
Z
À
všš}
vµŒ
šZšŒ
]
všŒ

ÁŒ
}(šZ
Œ
šZ}(o]ŒŒÇ
ŒÀ]
vµ
}(šZ}

ŒÀ]
X~WDõUííUíî

x WŒš]]‰š
]vŒ
P]}voo]ŒŒÇ}v}Œš]šZšvoÇÌ
v
š
Œu]v
(µv(}Œ‰ovv]vPU}}Œ]vš]}vUv

Àoµš]}v}(šš
Á]
vŒ
P]}vo
ŒÀ]
U‰Œ}PŒuUŒ
}µŒ
rZŒ]vPUvš((
À
o}‰u
všX

x WŒ}À]
š((µ‰‰}Œšš}šZ
}Œ}(>]ŒŒÇdŒµš

X

x Z
À]
ÁUŒ

ŒZUvµ‰š
o]ŒŒÇš
Zv}o}Pǐǐš
uv‰‰o]š]}vš}]u‰Œ}À
µ]o]šÇv

š}Œ
}µŒ
v
ŒÀ]
X

x Z
À]
ÁvŒ
À]
o]ŒŒÇ‰}o]]
ÁZ
v‰‰o]o
X

x Z
‰Œ

vššZ
]šÇš}uuµv]šÇ
À
všv(µvš]}vX

D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š
1 x /u‰o
u
všv
Áµš}uš]uš
Œ]oZvo]vPÇš
uš}]u‰Œ}À
Z
lr]vl}µš
((]]
vÇUŒ
µ
uvµo
Zvo]vPUv
vZv
uš
Œ]o(o}ÁšZŒ}µPZ}µššZ
o]ŒŒÇX

x ,]Œ
 ]š]}vo š(( v
Ɖv ^µvÇ Z}µŒ Ç šÁ} Z}µŒ š}
vZv
 ‰µo] 
 v 
šš
Œ u

š
}uuµv]šÇv

U
vµŒ]vP
‹µš
š((]vPo
À
oš}µš]v
Ɖv

ŒÀ]
X

x >µvZ 
Œ]
}( ]vv}Àš]À
U Zvr}v ‰Œ}PŒu(}µ
 }v
u
ŒP]vP š
Zv}o}P]
U µš]v]o]šÇU v
ul
Œl]ooš}]v‰]Œ
o](
o}vPo
Œv]vPv(µšµŒ
rŒ
ǐl]oo
À
o}‰u
všX

x 
 }}lu}]o
}‰
Œš]}vU š}‰Uv }oo
š]}v}((
Œ]vP š}
Ɖv v
vµŒ

‹µ]šo
 
š}
o]ŒŒÇ
ŒÀ]
X

W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

4-116 Table of Contents 462
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ
‰Œšu
vš
}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ðóXí9 Díìì9
î 
‰Œšu
všo d}šovµu
Œ}(À]]šš}šZ

>]ŒŒÇX t}Œlo} r íôõUñôñ1 r
ï 
‰Œšu
všo
d}šo]Œµoš]}vW t}Œlo} r òôòUòõó1 r
XWZǐ]o]š
u
~vµu
Œv
‰
Œ
vš}(š}šo
t}Œlo} r ñíîUïôò1 r
t}Œlo} r óñ91 r
X
o
šŒ}v]]š
u
~vµu
Œv
‰
Œ
vš}(š}šo
t}Œlo} r íóðUïíí1 r
t}Œlo} r îñ91 r
ð 
‰Œšu
všo
d}šovµu
Œ}(>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œ}PŒu}((
Œ
v
‰šŒ}v
ŒÀ
X
t}Œlo} r îïò1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 îìUììì íôUïõô1 îìUììì
XEµu
Œ}(µšZ}Œšol
‰Œ}PŒuv‰šŒ}v

ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íõ1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ðòì1 r
XEµu
Œ}(
ŒoÇ
Z]oZ}}o]š
΂
vÇ}µšZ

vŒ]Zu
vš
‰Œ}PŒuv
‰šŒ}v
ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ííõ1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íîUïòô1 r
XEµu
Œ}((]vv

v
}v}u]À]šo]šÇ
‰Œ}PŒuv‰šŒ}v

ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ì1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ì1 r
XEµu
Œ}(Z
ošZv
Á
oov
‰Œ}PŒu
v‰šŒ}v
ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r îî1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íUìòô1 r

XEµu
Œ}(o](
o}vP
o
Œv]vP‰Œ}PŒu
v‰šŒ}v
ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íò1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïðõ1 r
(XEµu
Œ}(
uµoš]µošµŒo
‰Œ}PŒuv‰šŒ}v

ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïñ1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íUîòì1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r íõ1 r
4-117 Table of Contents 463
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
PXEµu
Œ}(
µš]v]o]šÇv
o]À]o]šÇ‰Œ}PŒu
v‰šŒ}v
ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r îUðôí1 r
ZXEµu
Œ}(š}µŒv
oÀ]]šv
‰šŒ}v
ŒÀ
X
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ò1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ðíî1 r
ñ 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(v
Á]š
u
Œ

]À
v‰
Œ
vš‰µš
]vš}]Œµoš]}vÁ]šZ]víì
ǐ}(Œ

]‰šX
t}Œlo} r ôUôõò1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 óîXï9~1 óì9
ò 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(]š
uŒ
šµŒv

v‰
Œ
všÀ]oo
(}Œ
Z
l}µšÁ]šZ]víµ]v

ÇX
t}Œlo} r ïîïUôïô1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íìì9 íìì91 íìì9
ó 
‰Œšu
všo
d}šo>]ŒŒÇŒZ}o
ŒX t}Œlo} r òíUññõ1 r
XE
ÁŒZ}o
Œ

 t}Œlo} r íìUôðñ1 r
XW
Œ
všZvP
Ç
Œr
}À
ŒrÇ
Œ W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eñ9 ð91 Eñ9
ô 
‰Œšu
všo
d}šoZ}µŒšZ
šµÇŒ}}u
Á
Œ
]vµ
v‰
Œ
vš}(
š]u
}}l
X
t}Œlo} r ííUîðô1 r
t}Œlo} r óì91 r
õ 
‰Œšu
všo
d}šoZ}µŒ}(}‰
Œš]}v(}Œ
šZ
}}lu}]o
X t}Œlo} r ðõí1 r
Xs]]š}Œ
ŒÀ
 t}Œlo} r ïUõñô1 r
XDš
Œ]o]Œµoš
 t}Œlo} r õUòðî1 r
XE
Á>]ŒŒÇŒ
]µ
(Œ}u
}}lu}]o

t}Œlo} r íîò1 r
XEµu
Œ}(Œ
PµoŒ
š}‰ t}Œlo} r íòð1 r

XEµu
Œ}(‰Œ}PŒu
}((
Œ
 t}Œlo} r íò1 r
íì 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(
o]À
Œ]
š}
Z}u
}µvo]
všvš}šo
]š
u
o]À
Œ
X
t}Œlo} r ðô1 r
t}Œlo} r íîò1 r
íí 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(}uuµv]šÇ

À
všÁ]šZ>]ŒŒÇ
Œ
‰Œ

všš]}vvvµu
Œ
}(]vš
Œš]}vX
t}Œlo} r ñ1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ïUììì íUðóó1 ïUììì
XEµu
Œ}(}uuµv]šÇ

À
vš(
šµŒ]vP
/v(}Œuš]}vo r í1 r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r óðô1 r
4-118 Table of Contents 464
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
šZ
}}lu}]o
v
À]]š}Œ
ŒÀ
X
íî 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(µŒ]
Œš}
u}všZoÇ
u]ov
Áo
šš
Œ
vW
t}Œlo} r ïíUðòð1 r
XW
Œ
všZvP
Ç
Œr
}À
ŒrÇ
Œ W
Œ(}Œuv
 îñ9 îð91 îñ9
XW
Œ
vš}(
v
Áo
šš
Œ}‰
v

nj
]‰]
vš
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eðì9 ïõ91 Eðì9
XÀ
ŒP
‰
Œ
vš}(
}uuµv]š]}v
(Œ}uP}À
Œvu
vš

vš]š]
}‰
v
Ç
Œ
]‰]
všX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ïð91 r
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
Œ

]À
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r íð1 r
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
~ ]Œµ‰š]}vu}vP>]ŒŒÇuš
Œ]oÀ
v}Œo
š}]v}v]š
v]
]vŒ

]À]vPZ]‰u
všUÁZ]Z]vŒ

šZ

u}µvš}(š]u
(}Œ]š
uš}Œ
ZšZ
Z
oÀ
U]u‰š]vPšZ
š}šo‰
Œ
všP
P}]vP]vš}]Œµoš]}vÁ]šZ]víì
ǐX
 
4-119 Table of Contents 465
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
>]ŒŒÇ]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švš>]ŒŒÇ]Œ
š}Œ í í í
>]ŒŒÇDvP
Œ ï ï ï
>]ŒŒÇµš}u
Œ^
ŒÀ]
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
^
v]}Œ>]ŒŒ]v ï ï ï
>]ŒŒ]v/l// íí íí íîŽî
voǐš/l// í í í

Æ
µš]À
]švš í í í
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš í í í
>
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
'µŒ ì ì íŽî
^
v]}Œ>]ŒŒÇ]švš ïXóñ ïXóñ ïXóñ
>]ŒŒÇ]švš/l// ñ ñ ñ
>]ŒŒÇd
Zv]]v ìXñì ìXñì ìXñì
d}šoZ
PµoŒ ïîXîñ ïîXîñ ïðXîñ
d}šoWŒšrd]u
,}µŒoÇ íîXïó íîXïó íîXïó
d}šoW}]š]}v ððXòîŽí ððXòîŽí ðòXòîŽí

Ží / v]š]}všZ
Œ
Œ
šZ
(}oo}Á]vPo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}‰}]š]}vWìXñ>]ŒŒÇ]švš/l//víXì>
^
µŒ]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
'µŒX
Žî D]Ç
Œ]š]}v}(>]ŒŒ]v/l//v>
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
'µŒX


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ òUðìîUóîì óUïõìUõõõ ôUìóòUðïò ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    íUíòíUðóó íUîîóUîòí íUîîóUîòí
‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  îUìíí ì ì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  õUîíñ îóUììì ïìUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  óUñóñUðîï ôUòðñUîòì õUïïïUòõó

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
>]ŒŒÇu]v]šŒš]}v  íUõïíUõðô îUìòîUòôï îUïðñUôóî µš}u
Œ
Ɖ
Œ]
v
vd
Zv}o}PÇ  ïUõôõUîìõ ðUñóõUïìï ðUõôîUîóí
z}µšZU}}lu}]o
v}oo
š]}v  íUòñðUîòò îUììïUîóð îUììñUññð
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  óUñóñUðîï ôUòðñUîòì õUïïïUòõó

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  óUïóñUóõï ôUîíôUìòì ôUôõðUíõó
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  íõõUòïì ðîóUîìì ðïõUñìì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ óUñóñUðîï ôUòðñUîòì õUïïïUòõó

 
4-120 Table of Contents 466
>]ŒŒÇ
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX ¨ îóUììì

ïUììì

ïìUììì

'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Œ

ŒWŒ}PŒuu]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œv
µš]}vo‰Œ}PŒuššZ
>]ŒŒÇ
šZšu}š]Àš
šµ
všš}
ŒvZ]PZZ}}o]‰o}uX ¨ r

íììUììì

íììUììì
>
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
'µŒW}]š]}v~íXì&d
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ>
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
'µŒ‰}]š]}vX
dZ]‰}]š]}vÁ]ooÁ}ŒlÁ]šZ>]ŒŒÇš((Uu]v]šŒš]}vU }všŒš

µŒ]šÇPµŒUvµš}u
Œš}
vµŒ

uÆ]uµu(
šÇv
µŒ]šÇ(}Œ>]ŒŒÇµš}u
Œv

u‰o}Ç

X

r

íóìUììì

íóìUììì
>]ŒŒÇ]švš/l//W}]š]}v~ìXñ&d
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒZo(rš]u
>]ŒŒÇ/l//
‰}]š]}vXdZ]‰}]š]}vÁ]oo
vPP
Á]šZšZ
‰µo]v]š
Á]šZ(]o]šš]vP‰Œ}PŒuv}šZ
Œ‰µo]
ŒÀ]
v

XdZ]
‰}]š]}v]}((
šÇ¨ðìUììì]vÁP
]všZ
'
v
Œo
K‰
Œš]vP&µvX

r

ôõUñìì

ôõUñìì
^
µŒ]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒš
µŒ]šÇ
ŒÀ]
(}ŒšZ
>]ŒŒÇX

r

ôìUììì

ôìUììì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-121 Table of Contents 467
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-122 Table of Contents 468
WK>/

WZdD
Ed



&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^WíððXì &µoord]u

 ìXñ Z
PµoŒWŒšrd]u
  

Ž d Z
šZŒ

W}o]
K((]
Œ}À
ŒZ]Œ
‰}]š]}vŒ
(µv
šñì9X
Wh>/^&
dz^hWWKZd^
Zs/
^

í W }o]
‰š]v~^}ššE
o}v
í W µo]^(
šÇ^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
DvP
Œ
~:
vv](
Œ}‰
ov
í W }o]
D
]vWµo]Z
oš]}v
voǐš


u
ŒP
vÇ}uuµv]š]}v

í
u
ŒP
vÇ}uuµv]š]}vDvP
Œ
í W µo]^(
šÇ]‰šZ
Œ}}Œ]vš}Œ
ð W µo]^(
šÇ]‰šZ
Œ///
íì W µo]^(
šÇ]‰šZ
Œ//

Wµo]^(
šÇ^ǐš
u

í ^
v]}Œ^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š
í ^ ǐš
u^‰
]o]š
í /d voǐš/l//

Z
}Œl}µŒš>]]}v

í W }o]
Z
}Œ^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
î >
W}o]
Z
}Œ^‰
]o]š
ô W }o]
Z
}Œ^‰
]o]š
WK>/
,/
&
~D]Z
ov(]
o
&/
>KW
Zd/KE^

í W }o]
‰š]v~
ÀvŒ}Áo

<õl&]
oK‰
Œš]}vd
uívï

í W }o]
>]
µš
vvš
î W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
íñ W }o]
K((]
Œ
ï W }o]
K((]
ŒKÀ
ŒZ]Œ
Ž
ñ  }uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
K((]
Œ

dŒ((]l&]
oK‰
Œš]}vd
uî

í W }o]
>]
µš
vvš
î W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
íð W }o]
K((]
Œ

&]
oK‰
Œš]}vd
uðrò

í W }o]
>]
µš
vvš
ï W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
îí W }o]
K((]
Œ

E
]PZ}ŒZ}}v
À
vš^
ŒÀ]


í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
î W }o]
K((]
Œ
íXñ  }uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
K((]
Œ

z}µšZ^
ŒÀ]


í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
ï W }o]
K((]
Œ
D/E/^dZd/KE

ìXñ
Æ
µš]À
]švš
íXñ  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš

WŒ}(
]}vo^švŒ
í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
1 DvP
u
všv&]o^
ŒÀ]

í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš1
í  voǐš/l//1
í  u]v]šŒš]À
]
1 1
^W
/>KW
Zd/KE^

í W }o]
‰š]v~Dššššl]v

/vÀ
š]Pš]À
^
ŒÀ]

í W }o]
>]
µš
vvš
í  Œ]u
voǐš

Œ]u
^µ‰‰Œ
]}vhv]š
í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
ð W }o]
K((]
Œ
í  }uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
K((]
Œ

W
Œ}vŒ]u

í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
ñ W }o]
K((]
Œ

Ç
Œv&]vv]oŒ]u
hv]š
í W }o]
K((]
Œ

Z‰]
v(}Œ
u
všoo]
}u‰µš
Œd
u
í W }o]
K((]
Œ
1 Z
P]}voµš}dZ
(šdl&}Œ

í W }o]
K((]
Œ

W
Œ}vv
oldŒ]v]vP
í W }o]
>]
µš
vvš
í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš
í W }o]
K((]
Œ

K‰
Œš]}vo^
ŒÀ]
hv]š
í W }o]
^
ŒP
vš

WŒ}‰
ŒšÇv
À]
v

í W Œ}‰
ŒšÇv
À]
v
^‰
]o]š
í W }o]
]švš///

^všoŒ}µvšÇ^‰
]o]Ì

v(}Œ
u
vš
d
u
î W }o]
^
ŒP
vš

4-123 Table of Contents 469
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš

WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed
dZ
D}µvš]v s]
ÁW}o]

‰Œšu
vš ] 
]š
š} ‰Œ}À]]vP‰Œ}(
]}voU}u‰]}vš
U v šŒv‰Œ
vš

ŒÀ]
XljŒ]}Œ]ŸÌ]vPŒ]u
‰Œ
À
vŸ}v
+}ŒšvšŒ}vP}uuµv]šÇ‰Œšv
ŒZ]‰UÁ
šŒ]À
š}
vµŒ
(
šÇ(}Œ
ooUÁZ]o
‰Œ}u}ŸvPµošµŒ
}(Á
oov
vµ]o]vP
vµŒ]vPšŒµšÁ]šZ]v}µŒ]À
Œ
}uuµv]šÇXX

WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t
dZŒ}µPZ‰
}‰o
U}uuµv]šÇ}oo}Œš]}vUš
Zv}o}PÇUvŒ
P]}vo}}‰
Œš]}vUšZ
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš(µo(]oo
]šu]]}všZŒ}µPZ}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
‰Œ}PŒušZšul
(
šÇ‰Œ]}Œ]šÇU(}µ}v
((
š]À
oÇÁ}Œl]vPÁ]šZ‰
}‰o
U
}oÀ]vP‰Œ}o
uUv}š]v(]Œv]u‰Œš]oŒ
µoššZŒ}µPZ
µš]}vU‰Œ
À
vš]}vU]vš
ŒÀ
vš]}vUµ‰‰Œ
]}vU
v
v(}Œ
u
vš
((}ŒšXdZ

‰Œšu
vš‰Œ}À]
À]]o
‰Œ

v
U
((
š]À
vš]u
onj
‰}v
š}oo(}Œ

ŒÀ]
U‰Œ}š]À
Œ]u
‰Œ
À
vš]}vU
o
Œš
}uuµv]šÇ
vPP
u
všš]À]š]
Uv}u‰Œ
Z
v]À

ŒÀ]

(}Œ]vÀ
š]Pš]}vU}uuµv]šÇr(}µ
‰}o]]vP]v]š]š]À
Uv
u
ŒP
vljŒ
‰Œ
v
XdZ

‰Œšu
vš]o}
Œ
‰}v]o
(}ŒW}o]
v&]Œ
µ‰‰}Œš
ŒÀ]
U
u
ŒP
vÇ}uuµv]š]}vUv
vµŒ]vP‰Œ}(
]}vošvŒ
v}µvš]o]šÇX

WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^
u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}vuvP
vu]vš]v]vš
PŒ]šÇ}(šZ
W}o]

‰Œšu
všU}À
Œ


]vÀ
š]Pš]}v}(W}o]

u‰o}Ç

Uv‰Œ}À]
(]ovu]v]šŒš]À
µ‰‰}Œš(}Œ}šZšZ
W}o]
v
&]Œ

‰Œšu
všX
&]
oK‰
Œš]}v
dZ
&]
oK‰
Œš]}v]À]]}v‰Œ}À]
µv](}Œu‰}o]

ŒÀ]
UŒ
‰}vš}Œ]u]voš]À]šÇv}uuµv]šÇ
ooUµ‰‰}ŒšŒ]u
‰Œ
À
vš]}vUv}À
Œ

‰
]o]Ì
µv]š]voµ]vPWšŒ}oUdŒ((]^(
šÇUz}µšZ
^
ŒÀ]
UE
]PZ}ŒZ}}v
À
vš^
ŒÀ]
UŒ]]E
P}š]š]}vU^tdUv]v
U]Ço
WšŒ}oUv&]
o
dŒ]v]vPK((]
Œ‰Œ}PŒuX
^‰
]oK‰
Œš]}v
dZ
^‰
]oK‰
Œš]}v]À]]}v]voµ
µ]À]]}v(}µ
}vŒ]u
‰Œ
À
vš]}vU]vÀ
š]Pš]}vUv
µ‰‰Œ
]}vUÁZ]o
µ‰‰}Œš]vP‰šŒ}o}‰
Œš]}vUuvP]vP‰
]o
À
všU}}Œ]vš]vPÀ]š]u
ŒÀ]
Uv
‰Œ}À]]vPš
Zv]ovu]v]šŒš]À
µ‰‰}ŒšX/vÀ
š]Pš]}vZvo
Œ]u
µZvŒ}š]UÇ
ŒŒ]u
U
(ŒµUvÀ]}o
vš}((
v
Uv^‰
]o^
ŒÀ]
UÁZ]Z}À
Œ

‰
]o
À
všUšŒ]v]vPUŒ
Œµ]šu
všUv

À]
v
uvP
u
všX
Wµo]^(
šÇ^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]

dZ
Wµo]^(
šÇ^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
]À]]}v‰Œ}À]


vš]ou]v]šŒš]À
vš
Zv]oµ‰‰}Œšš}šZ

W}o]
v&]Œ

‰Œšu
všX/š]voµ
šZ

u
ŒP
vÇ}uuµv]š]}v
vš
Œ(}Œõrírív
v}v
u
ŒP
vÇ]‰šZUWµo]^(
šÇ^ǐš
u(}ŒuvP]vPŒ]}}uuµv]š]}vUvZ
}Œ(}Œ
Zvo]vPš‰Œ}
]vPUŒŒ
šÁŒŒvšUvšš]š]oŒ
‰}Œš]vPXdZ
]À]]}vo}
v}u‰
W}o]

D
]v}uuµv]šÇZ
oš]}vUÁZ]ZuvP
}uuµv]šÇ‰}o]]vP}uuµv]š]}vUŒ]u
r‰Œ
À
vš]}v
}µšŒ
ZUvu
]Œ
oš]}vX
4-124 Table of Contents 470
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvŸ}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvŸ}vZu
µŒ
Ÿ
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x WŒ}u}š

v
}((
šÇv
µŒ]šÇ]všZ
}uuµv]šÇUl

‰šZ
‰

U‰Œ}À]
‰µo]]šv
U‰Œ
À
vš
v 
š
š Œ]u]vo š]À]šÇU ]š Œ]u
À]š]uU‰‰Œ
Z
v }((
v
ŒUv (]o]šš
µ
 ‰Œ}
}( šZ

iµš]
Çš
uU}vµš]vP]vÀ
š]Pš]}vUv
v(}Œ]vP}(šZ
‰]Œ]š}(šZ
oÁX~WDíUîUïUðUñUòUó

x WŒ}u}š
(
šÇ}všZ
Œ}ÁǐšZŒ}µPZ}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ}šZ
Œ]šÇš((U}u‰Œ
Z
v]À
v‰Œ}š]À


µš]}vv
v(}Œ
u
vš]v]š]š]À
šZš‰Œ
À
vš(šov]viµŒÇšŒ((]}oo]]}vX~WDñ

x }vš]vµ
š}
vZv
}µšŒ
Zv
vPP
u
vš‰Œ}PŒuÁ]šZv
]PZ}ŒZ}}UZ}}oUuooµ]v

U
}Œ‰}Œš]}vU }uuµv]šÇr
 }ŒPv]Ìš]}vU v }šZ
Œ šl
Z}o
Œ š} ‰Œ}u}š
 
U }uuµv]šÇ
(
šÇU‰Œ
À
vš]}v}(Œ]u
Uv
µŒ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]
šŒµšvµ‰‰}ŒšX

x }vš]vµooÇ 
À
o}‰ š(( v ]u‰o
u
vš }oµš]}v šZš
vZv
 Á}Œl‰o
 v }uuµv]šÇ (
šÇU šZ

]o]šÇš}Á}Œl
((
š]À
oÇÁ]šZ‰
}‰o
Uv
o]À
Œ(]Œv]u‰Œš]oŒ
µošX~WDíí

x D]vš]v v ]u‰o
u
vš ‰Œ}PŒu šZ𠐵‰‰}Œš µv
Œ
ŒÀ
 Ç}µšZU Œ
š
 ‰}]š]À]šÇU ZŒš
Œ

À
o}‰u
vš v šZ
 }‰‰}Œšµv]šÇ š} 
À
o}‰ šŒ}vP Œ
oš]}vZ]‰ Á]šZ šZ
 DsW v Œ
µ
 iµÀ
v]o


o]v‹µ
vÇUµv
ŒP
v]oo
Poµšv
µ
UvPvPš]À]šÇX

x t}Œl}oo}Œš]À
oÇÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇU]šÇUv}šZ
ŒŒ]u]voiµš]
P
v]
š}‰Œ}š
šo](
U(
PµŒ
‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇUv
vZv
‰}o]]vPo
P]š]uÇv}uuµv]šÇµ‰‰}Œš(}ŒšZ
W}o]

‰Œšu
všX~WDïUðUõ

x WŒ}À]
µ‰‰}Œš
ŒÀ]
(µvš]}vš}(µo(]ooŒ
‰}v]]o]š]
Œ
oš
š}‰µo](
šÇÇš
uUš
Zv}o}P]
U
Œ
}ŒUÁŒŒvšU‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇv
À]
v
Uv}µu
všŒ
š
vš]}vvZŒ]vPX~WDíì

x Z
Œµ]šU Œ
š]vU 
À
o}‰U v
u‰}Á
Œ  Œ} ŒvP
 }( šo
vš š oo o
À
o }( šZ
 }ŒPv]Ìš]}v ÁZ}
Œ
‰Œ

vššZ
]À
Œ]šÇ}(šZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á}uuµv]šÇX

x WŒ}À]
}uuµv]š]}v
ŒÀ]
(}ŒW}o]
U&]Œ
Uu
]o
u
ŒP
v]
Uv}všŒšP
v]
X~WDóUô

x WŒ
‰Œ
(}ŒUŒ
‰}vš}Uu]š]Pš
UvŒ
}À
Œ(Œ}uoorZÌŒŒ]š]o]v]
všv]š
ŒX

D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

x /u‰o
u
vš šZ
 v
Á  }u‰µš
Œ  ]
  ]‰šZ ~ Çš
uU µ‰‰}Œš
 Ç }u‰Œ
Z
v]À
 Œ}r

‰Œšu
vš šŒ]v]vP š}
vµŒ
 
uo
 ]vš
PŒš]}v v
((
š]À
 µ
 Ç W}o]
 v &]Œ
‰
Œ}vv
oX
~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

všZ
W}o]
v&]Œ

‰Œšu
vš

x ^µ‰‰}Œš ]v]š]o }všŒµš]}v š]À]š]
(}Œ šZ
 W µo] ^ (
šÇ  u]v]šŒš]}v  µ]o]vPU ]voµ]vP ]š

‰Œ
‰Œš]}vv
u}o]š]}v}(šZ

Æ]š]vPµ]š}Œ]µuUÁZ]o

vµŒ]vP}vš]vµ]šÇ}(}‰
Œš]}vv‰µo]

š}W}o]
v&]Œ

ŒÀ]
X~}oo}Œš]}v
šÁ

všZ
Wµo]t}ŒlUW}o]
Uv&]Œ

‰Œšu
všX
4-125 Table of Contents 471
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš


x >
 v(]o]šš
 v
Á }Z}Œš }(DsWÆW WŒšv
Œ]vP (}Œ šZ
 &µšµŒ
 }( W}o]]vP}Z}Œšš} šŒ
vPšZ
v
}uuµv]šÇ
vPP
u
vš v šŒv‰Œ
vÇU v Àv
 ]o}Pµ
 }v l
Ç ‰}o]]vP ]µ
 Á]šZ]v
šZ
}uuµv]šÇX

W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 ñíXî9 Díìì9
î &]
o
K‰
Œš]}v
^µš]vÀ]}o
všŒ]u
Œš


o}ÁšZ
}µvšÇÁ]
Œš
W 
  
XEµu
Œ}(À]}o
vš
Œ]u
 t}Œlo} r íóõ r
XZš
}(À]}o
vš
Œ]u
]vD}µvš]v
s]
Á‰
ŒíììUììì
‰}‰µoš]}v
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Dïôì îìòXõí Dðîî
XZš
}(À]}o
vš
Œ]u
]v^všoŒ
}µvšÇ~^‰
Œ
íììUììì‰}‰µoš]}v
/v(}Œuš]}vo ïôì ,1 ðîî
ï ^µ‰‰}Œš
K‰
Œš]}v
^µš]vÀ]}o
všŒ]u

o
Œv
Œš
Z]PZ
ŒšZv
šZ
}µvšÇÁ]
Œš
W 
  
XEµu
Œ}(À]}o
vš
Œ]u
o
Œ
 t}Œlo} r òó r
4-126 Table of Contents 472
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
XD}µvš]vs]
Á
o
Œv
Œš
 W
Œ(}Œuv
 EðìXó ïóXð EðìXô
X^všoŒ}µvšÇ
o
Œv
Œš

/v(}Œuš]}vo ðìXó ,1 ðìXô
ð &]
o
K‰
Œš]}v
^µš]v‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇŒ]u

Œš

o}ÁšZ
}µvšÇÁ]

Œš
W 
  
XEµu
Œ}(‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ
Œ]u
 t}Œlo} r íîõó r
XZš
}(‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ
Œ]u
]vD}µvš]v
s]
Á‰
ŒíììUììì
‰}‰µoš]}v
W
Œ(}Œuv
 DíUôòò íðõõXîì DîUïîð
XZš
}(‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ
Œ]u
]v^všoŒ
}µvšÇ‰
ŒíììUììì
‰}‰µoš]}v
/v(}Œuš]}vo íUôòò ,1 îUïîð
ñ &]
o
K‰
Œš]}v
^µš]v(šov]viµŒÇ
šŒ((]}oo]]}vŒš

o}Á
šZ
}µvšÇÁ]
Œš
W 
  
XEµu
Œ}((šov
]viµŒÇšŒ((]
}oo]]}v
t}Œlo} r íôî r
XZš
}((šov
]viµŒÇšŒ((]
}oo]]}v]v
D}µvš]vs]
Á‰
Œ
íììUììì‰}‰µoš]}v
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Dðñõ îíìXïó Dðòñ
XZš
}((šov
]viµŒÇšŒ((]
}oo]]}v]v^vš
oŒ}µvšÇ‰
Œ
íììUììì‰}‰µoš]}v
/v(}Œuš]}vo ðñõ rŽ ðòõ
XEµu
Œ}(]Œ
š

šŒ((]
v(}Œ
u
vš
}‰
Œš]}v]v
D}µvš]vs]
Á
t}Œlo} r ôî r
ò &]
o
K‰
Œš]}v
Eµu
Œ}(‰Œ]}Œ]šÇì
~Z]PZ
š‰Œ]}Œ]šÇoov t}Œlo} r ïò r
4-127 Table of Contents 473
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
Ÿ}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ

dlj

îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
‰
Œ
vš}(šZ}
ooÁZ
Œ

v}((]
ŒŒŒ]À
}vr
v

Á]šZ]vñu]vµš
X~dZ
Œ
]
v}vš]}vošvŒ(}Œ
‰}o]
}vr
v
ŒŒ]Ào
š]u
X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õíXòò9 õì9
ó
u
ŒP
vÇ
}uuX
vš
Œ
Eµu
Œ}(]v}u]vPõrírí
oov‰
Œ
všvÁ
Œ

Á]šZ]vv]v

}v
~Eš]}vo
u
ŒP
vÇ
Eµu
Œ}]š]}v
švŒ]íñ
}vX
t}Œlo} r ííïìð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õñ9 õó9 õñ9
ô z}µšZ^
ŒÀ]

hv]š
Eµu
Œ}(Ç}µšZ
‰Œš]]‰vš]v}µšŒ
Z
‰Œ}PŒuX
t}Œlo} r ïðõ r
õ
E
]PZ}ŒZ}}
v
À
vš
^
ŒÀ]

d}šovµu
Œ}(}uuµv]šÇ

vPP
u
vš
À
vš
‰Œš]]‰š
]vÇW}o]


‰Œšu
vš‰
Œ}vv
oX
t}Œlo} r ðò r
íì Z
}Œ
d}šovµu
Œ}(‰µo]
Œ
}ŒšŒ
‹µ
š
Œ

]À
vš}šoš]u

‰
vš}vŒ
‰}v
X
t}Œlo} r íððí r
t}Œlo} r ðñïXïì r
íí
^µ‰‰}Œš
^
ŒÀ]

]À]]}v
D
všoZ
ošZlŒ]]
]vš
ŒÀ
vš]}voo
‰
Œ
vš}(š}šo]v]
všX
t}Œlo} r î9 r
 
‰Œšu
všo Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
X /v(}Œuš]}vo r óïò r

ŽEµu
ŒŒ
}volj}š
vvµooÇX
ŽŽDsW}vš]vµ
š}u}v]š}ŒÀ]}o
všŒ]u
o
Œv
Œš
X]((
Œ
vš}µvšÇP
v]
ÀŒÇ]vZ}ÁÀ]}o
všŒ]u
Œ
š
P}Œ]Ì
vŒ
‰}Œš
UÁ
oo]všZ
]Œ
ro
Œ]vP
‰Œš]
UÁZ]Z((
ššZ
}v]š
vÇv}u‰Œ]o]šÇ}(Œ
‰}Œš
o
Œv
Œš
Œ}iµŒ]]š]}vX


1 1
4-128 Table of Contents 474
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
W}o]
Z]
( í í í
W}o]
‰š]v ï ï ï
Wµo]^(
šÇ^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
DvP
Œ í í í
W}o]
>]
µš
vvš ñ ñ ñ
W}o]
^
ŒP
vš íò íò íò
W}o]
K((]
Œ òô òô òô
W}o]
K((]
Œ~KÀ
ŒZ]Œ
 ï ï ï
W}o]
D
]v}uuµv]šÇZ
oš]}v}}ŒX í í í
^
v]}Œ^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š í í í
Œ]u
voǐš í í í
/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš/l// í í í
^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š í í í

u
ŒP
vÇ}uuµv]š]}vDvP
Œ í í í
Wµo]^(
šÇ]‰šZ
Œ}}Œ]vš}Œ í í í
Wµo]^(
šÇ]‰šZ
Œ/// ð ð ð
Wµo]^(
šÇ]‰šZ
Œ// íì íì íì
W}o]
Z
}Œ^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
>
W}o]
Z
}Œ^‰
]o]š î î î
W}o]
Z
}Œ^‰
]o]š ô ô ô
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
K((]
Œ óXñ óXñ óXñ
WŒ}‰
ŒšÇ˜
À]
v
^‰
]o]š í í í
W}o]
]švš/// í í í
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš í í í
voǐš/l// í í í
u]v]šŒš]À
]
 í í í

Æ
µš]À
]švš ìXñ ìXñ ìXñ
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš í í í
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš íXñ íXñ íXñ
d}šoZ
PµoŒ íððXñì íððXñì íððXñì
d}šoWŒšrd]u
,}µŒoÇ ïXìñ ïXìñ ïXìñ
d}šoW}]š]}v íðóXññ íðóXññ íðóXññ
1 1 1
4-129 Table of Contents 475
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš



Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ ðóUôîïUôóí ñîUôìóUîñô ñðUóîíUïíõ ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    ðUíóíUííô ïUõõïUôìî ïUòíîUîìî
‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  íUðôíUîìî îUòíôUîòï íUôìòUììì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ôõòUóðõ íUìîíUììì íUíìòUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  ñðUïóîUõðì òìUððìUïîï òíUîðñUñîí

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
W}o]
u]v]šŒš]}v  îUôôîUîõó ïUõïõUòõî ïUïðìUôíô
&]
oK‰
Œš]}v  îóUõîíUõõð ïíUõîóUìíô ïîUòõíUïîí
^‰
]oK‰
Œš]}v  íîUôôìUìõñ íîUõîîUñðì íïUìõòUõõï
Wµo]^(
šÇ^µ‰‰}Œš^
ŒÀ]
  íìUòôôUññð ííUòñíUìóï íîUííòUïôõ
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  ñðUïóîUõðì òìUððìUïîï òíUîðñUñîí

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  ñîUïóóUñìô ñóUñðîUóòì ñõUîóíUîòó
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  îóïUóíô ïñðUììì îìòUïìì
W}o]

š&}Œ(
]šµŒ
  ì îïìUììì ì
^µ‰‰o
u
všo>Á
v(}Œ
u
vš^
ŒÀ]
  îññUóîò îììUììì îììUõñð
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  ïóUóîð íñóUììì ðìUììì

‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
všZ

ŒÀ
  íUðîôUîòð íUõñòUñòï íUðìôUììì
t}Œl
Œ}u‰
vš]}v^
o(r/vµŒv
  ì ì ííõUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ ñðUïóîUõðì òìUððìUïîï òíUîðñUñîí
1 Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
'
v
Œo>]
v
˜W
Œu]𐠍 óóUðòï óóUììì óóUììì
&]v
˜&}Œ(
]šµŒ
  òõíUìîí ðîðUììì ðîðUììì
>}o/vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všoZ
À
vµ
  íóôUîôõ îñìUììì îñìUììì
^šš
/vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všoZ
À
vµ
  îôñUðîí îïìUììì îïìUììì
&

Œo/vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všoZ
À
vµ
  íìòUðîð ì ì
'
v
Œo^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  îðóUõõò íôõUììì îìðUììì
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  íUõîìUððõ íUïòôUõìì íUïôðUðìì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ ïUñìóUìòï îUñïôUõìì îUñòõUðìì
1 1
4-130 Table of Contents 476
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš


D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Z
oo}š
Œ}]vP'µŒ^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
W}o]

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
Wµo]
t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš(}ŒŒ}]vPPµŒ
ŒÀ]
X ¨ ðñõUììì

~ðñõUììì

r
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

íUìîíUììì

ôñUììì

íUíìòUììì
Z
Œ
š]}vos
Z]o
d}Á^µ]ÇW]o}šWŒ}PŒu

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰]o}š‰Œ}PŒuš}µ]]Ì
šZ
š}Á]vP
vŒ
u}Ào}(v}v
Œ
Œ
š]}voÀ
Z]o
~ZsÁ]šZ]v
šZ
]šÇX

r

ðìUììì

ðìUììì
&}Œ
v]vŒ]u
/vÀ
š]Pš]}v^}(šÁŒ


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}(šÁŒ
šZ𐵉‰}Œš]P]šo(}Œ
v]
vŒ]u]vo]vÀ
š]Pš]}vX

r

ïïUììì

ïïUììì
^]o]}vsoo
Çv]uo}všŒ}oµšZ}Œ]šÇ~^s

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒšÁ]šZšZ
^]o]}v
soo
Çv]uo}všŒ}oµšZ}Œ]šÇ~^sX

ððñUïìì

ïíUíìì

ðóòUðìì
W}o]
š]À]š]
>
Pµ


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œv}vr‰Œ}(]šUW}o]
š]À]š]

>
Pµ
~W>Uš}‰Œ}À]
}‰‰}Œšµv]š]
vš]À]š]
(}Œ
µv
Œ
ŒÀ
Ç}µšZX

ñUììì

ñUììì

íìUììì
1 '
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
WŒ}š
š]À

‹µ]‰u
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰
]o]Ì
‰Œ}š
š]À

‹µ]‰u
všš}
µ‰‰}Œš‰µo](
šÇ}‰
Œš]}vU]voµ]vPoo]š]Z]
o
všš]o‰Œ}š
š]À
À
š(}Œ‰
]o]Ì
Œ
‰}v
š
uX ¨ r

íñôUôìì

íñôUôìì
s
Z]o

‹µ]‰u
vš~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
]všooš]}v}((
šÇ
‹µ]‰u
vš}v
‰}o]
À
Z]o
µ
(}ŒšŒ]v]vP‰µŒ‰}
X

r

îîUñìì

îîUñìì
4-131 Table of Contents 477
W}o]

‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Wµo]^(
šÇt
oov
WŒ}PŒu
Ɖv]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšŒµuvŒ
]o]
vÇÁ
oov
Œ
šŒ
š
(}Œ‰µo](
šÇ‰
Œ}vv
oX ¨ r

îñUììì

îñUììì
1 t}Œl
Œ}u‰
vš]}v^
o(r/vµŒv
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
KvµšÇ,
ošZ^Œ

v]vP~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒŒ]}ÀµoŒvu
š}o]Œ

v]vP

ŒÀ]
(}Œ‰µo](
šÇ‰
Œ}vv
oX

¨ r

ííõUììì

ííõUììì
1 E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X
1 4-132 Table of Contents 478
Wh>/tKZ<^
WZdD
Ed

D/E/^dZd/KEEh^/E
^^^
Zs/
^
í  ]švšWµo]t}Œl]Œ
š}Œ
~oo]}v}Ç
Œ
u]v]šŒš]}v
í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
ìXñ  voǐš/l//
í ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš
ìXñ W Œ}PŒu]švš
í  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš
ìXñ  }µu
všvZ
}Œ^‰
]o]š
^}o]tš

í ^ }o]tš
WŒ}PŒuDvP
Œ
í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
í  voǐš/l//
í  u]v]šŒš]À
]

&]o]š]
D]vš
vv

ìXñ & o

šv&]o]š]
DvP
Œ
î & ]o]š]
D]vš
vv
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í & ]o]š]
}všŒš}}Œ]vš}Œ
î & ]o]š]
D]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ///
ï & ]o]š]
D]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l//
í W Œ}PŒu]švš
&o

š^
ŒÀ]

ìXñ & o

šv&]o]š]
DvP
Œ
í
‹µ]‰u
všD]vš
vv
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
î
‹µ]‰u
všD
Zv]///
ð
‹µ]‰u
všD
Zv]/l//
í
‹µ]‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
t}Œl
Œ
í W Œ}PŒu]švš
Wh>/^
Zs/
^
í  ]švšWµo]t}Œl]Œ
š}Œ
~>]µ
^(
šÇlu]v]šŒš]}v
í ^ (
šÇvdŒ]v]vPu]v]šŒš}Œ
í ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš
í W µo]^
ŒÀ]
d
Zv]]v
ï ^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš
í  u]v]šŒš]À
]švš

vP]v

Œ]vP˜
vÀ]ŒX}u‰o]v

í W Œ]v]‰o]À]o
vP]v

Œ
ð ^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ
î : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

vP]v

Œ
í
vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l//~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}
hš]o]š]
DvP
u
vš
í h š]o]š]
^
ŒÀ]
DvP
Œ
ìXó ^
v]}Œ/dvoǐš
hš]o]šÇ^ǐš
u
í h š]o]š]
^ǐš
u^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í h š]o]š]
^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š
í h š]o]š]

o
šŒ]]v
î ^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]v
tš
ŒK‰
Œš]}v
í t š
Œ^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í  Œ}r}vv
š]}v}všŒ}o^‰
]o]š
í t š
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ///
ï t š
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/l//
tš
Œ]šŒ]µš]}v
í t š
Œ^µ‰
Œ]vš
v
vš
í t š
ŒZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œ
í  voǐš/l//
í t š
ŒYµo]šÇd
Zv]]v
í t š
ŒK‰
Œš]}v^‰
]o]š
ï ^
v]}Œtš
Œ^ǐš
uK‰
Œš}Œ
í ^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]v
í ,
ÀÇ
‹µ]‰u
všK‰
Œš}Œ
î t š
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ///
ï t š
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/l//
tš
Áš
Œ
í t š
Áš
Œ^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
î t š
Áš
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ///
ñ t š
Áš
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/l//
^šŒ

šD]vš
vv

ìXñ ^ šŒ

šv>v(]ooo}µŒ
DvP
Œ
í ^ šŒ

š^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
í ^ šŒ

š>]PZš]vPd
Zv]]v
í ,
ÀÇ
‹µ]‰u
všK‰
Œš}Œ
ï ^ šŒ

šD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ///
ð ^ šŒ

šD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l//
î ^ šŒ

š^Á

‰
ŒK‰
Œš}Œ
>v(]ooD]vš
vv

ìXñ ^ šŒ

šv>v(]ooo}µŒ
DvP
Œ
ìXï ^
v]}Œ/dvoǐš
í W }šo}µŒ
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ
î W }šo}µŒ

vÀ]ŒX^ǐ^‰
]o]š
î ^
v]}ŒW}šo}µŒ

vÀ]ŒX^ǐXd
ZX
í ,
ÀÇ
‹µ]‰u
vš^‰
]o]š

E'/E

Z/E'
í  ]švšWµo]t}Œl]Œ
š}ŒŽ
~
ŒvP}
ìXñ  voǐš/l//
ìXñ W Œ}PŒu]švš
}všŒµš]}v
vP]v

Œ]vP
í W Œ]v]‰o]À]o
vP]v

Œ
í ^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ
ð : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

vP]v

Œ
í ^
v]}ŒWt/v‰
š}Œ
î Wt/ v‰
š}Œ/l//
]À]o/v(ŒšŒµšµŒ

í W Œ]v]‰o]À]o
vP]v

Œ
î ^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ
ñ : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

vP]v

Œ
WŒlvµ]o]vP
í W Œ]v]‰oWŒ}i
šDvP
Œ
í ^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ
ð ^
v]}ŒWŒ}i
šDvP
Œ
í & ]o]š]
}všŒš}}Œ]vš}Œ
>v
À
o}‰u
vš
í W Œ]v]‰o]À]o
vP]v

Œ
ð ^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ
ò : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

vP]v

Œ
í
vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l//
Wh>/tKZ<^/Z
dKZ
~:
vv](
ŒEP
í
Æ
µš]À
]švš
WŒ}‰
ŒšÇDvP
u
vš
í Z
oWŒ}‰
ŒšÇWŒ}PŒuu]v]šŒš}Œ
í  voǐš/l//
dZE^WKZdd/KEEdZ&&/
í  Z]
(dŒv‰}Œšš]}vK((]
Œ
~svš
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vDvP
u
vš
í d Œv‰}Œšš]}vDvP
Œ
î ^
v]}ŒdŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ
î : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š
Wovv
Œ
dŒ((]
vP]v

Œ]vP
í d Œ((]
vP]v

Œ
î ^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ
î : µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ
&/^>z
ZîìîòrîóWK^/d/KEdKd>^W íñíXñ &µoord]u

íXì >]u]š
rW
Œ]}
Ž dZ]‰}]š]}vo}š]všZ
‰]šÇ}(]šÇ
vP]v

ŒX
4-133 Table of Contents 479
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš

WZdD
EdD/^^/KE^dd
D
Ed
WovU
]PvUŒ
À]
ÁU}všŒµšU}‰
Œš
Uu]vš]vUv]u‰Œ}À
šZ
]šÇ[]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
U(]o]š]
Uµš]o]š]
U(o

šU
‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇUv
‹µ]‰u
všX

WZdD
EdKs
Zs/
t
dZ
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš‰ovU
]PvUŒ
À]
ÁU}všŒµšU}‰
Œš
Uu]vš]vUv]u‰Œ}À
šZ
]šÇ[
]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
U(]o]š]
Uµš]o]š]
U(o

šU‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇUv
‹µ]‰u
všVu]v]š
ŒšZ
]šÇ[^}o]tš
DvP
u
všU
Z
o
šš
 DvP
u
všU v Wµo] t}Œl 'Œvš ‰Œ}PŒuV ‰Œ}À]
 šŒ((]
vP]v

Œ]vP v šŒv‰}Œšš]}v
‰ovv]vP
ŒÀ]
Vv‰
Œu]š‰Œ]Àš

À
o}‰u
vš]všZ
‰µo]Œ]PZšr}(rÁÇX

WZdD
Ed/s/^/KE^
u]v]šŒš]}v
dZ
u]v]šŒš]}v]À]]}v]Œ
‰}v]o
(}ŒuvP
u
vš}(šZ

‰Œšu
všUo

ŒZ]‰Uvµ‰‰}Œš

ŒÀ]
UÁZ]o
Z
oWŒ}‰
ŒšÇDvP
u
všZvo
]šÇ‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇšŒvš]}vU‰Œl]vro]
µ(

Uo]
v
Uv
}všŒšu]v]šŒš]}vX
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vvdŒ((]
dZ
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vvdŒ((]]À]]}vuvP
šŒ((]
vP]v

Œ]vPvšŒv‰}Œšš]}v‰}o]ÇUÀ}š
(}Œ
]šÇ]vš
Œ
šUv
vZv
‰

šŒ]vv]Ço
u}]o]šÇXDvP
ui}Œ‰}o]Ç}µu
v𐐵ZšZ

š]À
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovUs]]}v
Œ}UvdŒv‰}Œšš]}v
uvDvP
u
všX
u]v]šŒš]}vvµ]v
^
ŒÀ]

dZ
u]v]šŒš]}vvµ]v
^
ŒÀ]
]À]]}v}À
Œ

u]v]šŒš]}vU}všŒšvµP
š‰Œ}


Á
oo}o]Áš
uvP
u
všU(o

š
ŒÀ]
Uv(]o]šÇu]vš
vv
š}
vµŒ

((]]
vš}‰
Œš]}vv
}u‰o]v
Á]šZ(
šÇv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všošvŒX

vP]v

Œ]vP
dZ

vP]v

Œ]vP]À]]}v}u‰Œ]

À
Œoµ]À]]}vŒ
‰}v]o
(}Œ}À
Œ

]vP‰]šo]u‰Œ}À
u
vš
‰Œ}i
šv
vµŒ]vPŒ
Pµoš}ŒÇ}u‰o]v
XdZ

]voµ
}všŒµš]}v
vP]v

Œ]vPU]À]o/v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
U
WŒlvµ]o]vPUv>v
À
o}‰u
vš
vP]v

Œ]vPU
Z(}µ]vP}v‰
](]Œ
µZ]v‰
š]}vU
‰Œ}i
š
]PvUv‰Œ]Àš

À
o}‰u
všŒ
À]
ÁX
Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

dZ
Wµo]^
ŒÀ]
]À]]}v]voµ
µ]À]]}v(}µ
}v(
šÇUu]v]šŒš]}vU
vP]v

Œ]vPUµš]o]š]
U
ov(]oovu]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ[‰µo]Œ]PZšr}(rÁÇX^(
šÇvu]v]šŒš]}vuvP
}µ‰š]}vo
(
šÇvµš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
‰Œ}PŒuUÁZ]o

vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo}u‰o]v
Zvo
ov(]oo
Çš
uUµš]o]šÇ‰Œ}i
šUv
o
À
oŒ]
]v]š]š]À
Xhš]o]š]
D]vš
vv
Utš
ŒZ
}µŒ
Uv^šŒ

š
v>v(]ooD]vš
vv
}À
Œ

Áš
ŒUÁš
Áš
ŒUvš}ŒuÇš
uUÁš
Œµ‰‰oÇv}v
ŒÀš]}v

((}ŒšUvšZ
µ‰l

‰}(šŒ

šU‰Œl]vPo}šUvov(]oo}‰
Œš]}vX
4-134 Table of Contents 480
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš



WZdD
Ed&hEd/KE^
W
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
Œ
Œ
oš
š}
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vX/(
‰Œšu
vš&µvš]}vZu
µŒ
š]
š}]šU]š
Á]oo
v}š
]všZ
‰Œ
všZ
]Á]šZv^WD_X~
XPXUWDíUîUïX

x Z
‰Œ

vš šZ
 ]šÇ[ ]vš
Œ
š ]v o}o v Œ
P]}vo ‰µo] Á}Œl šµ]
 v ‰Œ}i
š v
v}µŒP
 šZ

Z]PZ
š
]Pvv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo‹µo]šÇ]v‰µo]v‰Œ]Àš
]u‰Œ}À
u
všX

x DvP
šZ

‰Œšu
vš[vvµo}‰
Œš]vP
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Á]šZ]všZ
µP
šPµ]
o]v
X~WDí

x WŒ}À]

Æ
‰š]}voµš}u
Œ
ŒÀ]
š}

x DvP
šZ
]šÇ[‰Œš]]‰š]}v]všZ
Eš]}vo&o}}/vµŒv
WŒ}PŒuX

x DvP
šZ
‹µ]]š]}vUo

Uo]
v]vPv]‰}o}(]šÇŒ
o‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇX

x D

š ^šš
ruvš
 }o] Áš
 ov(]oo ]À
Œ]}v P}o Ç uÆ]u]Ì]vP }uu
Œ]o v Œ
]
vš]o
Œ
Ço]vPvŒ
µ]vP}ŒPv]Áš
]‰}oX~WDð

x Z
‰Œ

vššZ
]šÇ]vušš
ŒŒ
oš]vPš}Uv‰Œ}À]
(}ŒU}o]Áš
}oo
š]}vU‰Œ}
]vPv]‰}oX

x DvP
v]u‰o
u
vššZ
]šÇ[vvµo‰]šo/u‰Œ}À
u
všWŒ}PŒu~/WX~WDî

x
vµŒ
šZ

]Pvv}všŒµš]}v}(‰Œ}PŒuu
‰]šo‰Œ}i
šŒ
u]v}vZ
µo
vÁ]šZ]vµP
šX
~WDîUõUíì

x Z
À]
ÁU
Àoµš
Uv‰Œ}À]
‰
Œu]šš]vP(}Œ‰Œ]Àš
v‰µo]
À
o}‰u
všv}všŒµš]}v]všZ
‰µo]
Œ]PZšr}(rÁÇ]v}v(}Œuv
Á]šZšZ
]šÇ['
v
ŒoWovU}Œ]vv
Uv‰}o]]
X~WDíîUíï

x Z
À]
Áu‰v‰ov}(‰Œ}‰}
‰Œ]Àš

À
o}‰u
všv]š
À
o}‰
ŒU}vµošvšU
vP]v

ŒU
všZ
‰µo]]v}u‰oÇ]vPÁ]šZšZ
]šÇ[}v]š]}v}(‰‰Œ}Ào(}Œ‰Œ]Àš

À
o}‰u
všX~WDíîUíï

x DvP
 šZ
 ‰Œ}
]vP }( ‰Œ]Àš
 
À
o}‰u
všU µš]o]šÇ }u‰vÇ ‰Œ}i
šU v
vŒ}Zu
vš v

ÆÀš]}v‰
Œu]šX~WDííUíï

x WŒ}À]
(}Œ(
U
((]]
všUv}vÀ
v]
vš]Œµoš]}v}(À
Z]o
U]Ço
Uv‰

šŒ]všŒ((]Á]šZ]všZ

}uuµv]šÇX

x }vš]vµ
 š} ]u‰o
u
vš ]Ço
 v ‰

šŒ]v u}]o]šÇ ]u‰Œ}À
u
vš šZš Œ
 o}Ár}š v
]oÇ
]u‰o
u
všo
X~WDï

x u]v]š
ŒšZ
D}µvš]vs]
Á}uuµv]šÇ^Zµššo
^
ŒÀ]
šZš‰Œ}À]
}vv
š]}v
šÁ

vŒ
]
vš]o
v
]PZ}ŒZ}}vl
Ç
š]vš]}v(Œ

}(ZŒP
X~WDñ

x KŒPv]Ì
v]u‰o
u
vš^(
Z}µš
š}^Z}}oWŒ}PŒu]v}}Œ]vš]}vÁ]šZšZ
Z}}o]šŒ]šX~WDô

x u]v]š
Œ šZ
  ]šÇ[ d Œv‰}Œšš]}v 
uv D vP
u
vš ‰Œ}PŒu Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
vš (}Œ 
À
o}‰u
vš
‰Œ}i
šš}
vµŒ
}u‰o]v
Á]šZ‰Œ}PŒu‰Œ}À]]}vX
4-135 Table of Contents 481
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš



x Z
‰Œ

vššZ
]šÇ]vŒ
P]}vošŒv‰}Œšš]}v]µ
v}vP
š]}vuvP
u
vš‰ovv]vPv}vš]vµ
š}
u}v]š}Œ Œ
P]}vo šŒv‰}Œšš]}v ‰Œ}i
š v }}Œ]vš
 Á]šZ o}oU Œ
P]}voU v ^šš
 šŒv‰}Œšš]}v
P
v]
X

x D]vš]všŒ((]rŒ
oš
Œ
}ŒU}vµšµŒÀ
ǐUv‰
Œ(}Œušµ]
v

ŒÇ(}ŒšZ
voǐ]}(šŒ((]
‰Œ}o
uv
À
o}‰v]u‰o
u
všu]š]Pš]}vu
µŒ
ÁZ
v‰‰Œ}‰Œ]š
X

x D]vš]v‰µo]šŒ

šU]
ÁolU‰Œl]vPo}šUšŒ

šo]PZšÇš
uUvšŒ((]r}všŒ}ou
µŒ
U]voµ]vP
šŒ((]]PvoX~WDõUíðUîïUîðUîñ

x D]vš]vv]u‰Œ}À
šZ
]šÇ[(]o]š]
š}
vµŒ
šZššZ
nj
(
U(µvš]}vov
šZ
š]ooljo
]vP
(}Œ
u‰o}Ç

v‰µo]µ
X~WDò

x WŒ}µŒ
vu]vš]všZ
]šÇ[À
Z]o
v
‹µ]‰u
vš(o

šX~WDó

x DvP
 }µ‰š]}vo (
šÇ ‰Œ}PŒu v ‰Œš]
 ]v šZ
 W µo] t }Œl v  }uuµv]šÇ ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všX

x K‰
Œš
vu]vš]všZ
]šÇ[Áš
Áš
Œ}oo
š]}vv]ZŒP
Çš
uX~WDíñUíò

x K‰
Œš
vu]vš]všZ
]šÇ[š}ŒuŒ]v}oo
š]}vv‰µu‰šš]}vÇš
uX

x K‰
Œš
vu]vš]všZ
]šÇ[‰}šo
Áš
Œµ‰‰oÇv]šŒ]µš]}vÇš
uX~WDíóUíôUíõ

x D}v]š}ŒÁš
Œ‹µo]šÇv
vµŒ
}u‰o]v
Á]šZooŒ
Pµoš]}vX~WDíôUíõ

x DvP
šZ
]šÇ[Áš
Œ‰µŒZ
v}vµu‰š]}vš}u

š^šš
Áš
Œ}v
ŒÀš]}vP}ovÁš
Œ
µ‰‰oÇ}všŒšu]v]uµu‰µŒZ
Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX

x DvP
v}}Œ]vš
Œ
Ço
Áš
Œµ‰‰oÇÁ]šZšZ
]šÇ}(Wo}oš}XK‰
Œš
vu]vš]všZ
]šÇ[
Œ
Ço
Áš
Œv]šŒ]µš]}vÇš
uvuvP
šZ
Œ
Ço
Áš
Œ‰Œ}PŒuš}]u‰Œ}À
Áš
Œ‹µo]šÇU
uÆ]u]Ì
Áš
Œµ
U
ƉvšZ
]šÇ[]šŒ]µš]}vÇš
uUv‰Œš]]‰š
]v
((}Œšš}
À
o}‰Œ
P]}vo
]šŒ]µš]}vÇš
uX~WDîì

x }vš]vµ
‰Œ}À]]vPov‰]vP
o
š]}v]šv
U]ŒŒ]Pš]}v
šDvP
u
všWŒš]
Pµ]v
Uv
}vr]š
µ‰‰}Œšš}Œ
Ço
Áš
ŒÇš
uµš}u
ŒX

x K‰
Œš
v u]vš]v šZ
ov(]oo ‰U PUv o
Zš
 }oo
š]}v Çš
uU P Á
ooU (oŒ
 šš]}vU v
ov(]ooPr(µ
o
Pr(µ
o
u]Œ}šµŒ]v
X~WDîí

x DvP
Z}‰‰]vPŒš}oo
š]}vvPŒ((]š]š
u
všš]À]š]
X~WDîî




4-136 Table of Contents 482
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


D:KZ
WZdD
Ed>'K>^lWZK:
d^l/E/d/d/s
^&KZ&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
~/š
u]v}oŒ
Œ
oš
š}&zîñrîó}µv]ot}ŒlWov‰Œ}i
š

x /
vŸ(ǐšŒš
PÇš}]vŒ

šZ
WÀ
u
vš}v]Ÿ}v/v
Æš}óìÁ]šZ(}µ}vŒš
Œ]ošŒ

šX

x 
P]všZ

]Pv‰Z
}(šZ
^š
À
vŒ

ldŒ]o
ƚ
v]}vX

x
šo]Z ]šÇÁ]
 }i
ŸÀ
 
]Pv švŒ (}Œ šŒ
uo]v
 v ]u‰Œ}À
 ‰Œ}i
š 
À
o}‰u
všX
~}oo}ŒŸ}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všU}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX

x 
À
o}‰W

šŒ]vDoosvš^š}Œ
(Œ}všt]v}Á]‰oÇvW}‰rh‰‰Œ}PŒuX~}oo}Œš]}vÁ]šZ }uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX11

x }vŸvµ
 š} Œ
À]
Á v ul
 ‰
Œ]}] u
vu
vš š} šZ
 Dµv]]‰o }
 š} Œ
u}À
 }všŒ]š}ŒÇU
µv
v(}Œ
o
U }Œ }µšš
 
Ÿ}vX ~}oo}ŒŸ}v Á]šZ šZ
 }uuµv]šÇ 
À
o}‰u
všU }uuµv]šÇ
^
ŒÀ]
UvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všvšZ
]šÇ©}Œv
Çv]šÇDvP
Œ[K8
X

x }vŸvµ
š}Œ
À]
Áv]u‰o
u
vš‰]lo
oo}oµŸ}vX~}oo}ŒŸ}vÁ]šZšZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]
v
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX

x }u‰o
š
v
ƵšµÇ
Æu]v]vP‰ŒlvŒ
Œ
Ÿ}v
À
o}‰u
vš]u‰š(

všZ
]šÇ[
Æ]ŸvP
‰Œlov 
]Ÿ}v ]vro]
µ (

 Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX ~}oo}ŒŸ}v Á]šZ  }uuµv]šÇ ^
ŒÀ]
U  }uuµv]šÇ

À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všUvšZ
]šÇ©}Œv
Ç[K8
X

x }u‰o
š
 }Œ }vŸvµ
 šZ
 
]Pv }( šZ
 E}ŒšZ ǐZ}Œ
 Œ
Ço
 Áš
Œ Œ

ŒÀ}]ŒU D]Œu}vš
 Z

ŒÀ}]Œ
/u‰Œ}À
u
všUvšZ
>v.oo'}oo
Ÿ}v^ǐš
uZ
‰o
u
všlõ‰Œ}i
šX

x }u‰o
š
šZ
}všŒµŸ}v}(šZ
^š
À
vŒ

l
Œ}]}vWŒ}i
šštZ]uvWŒl~]v}oo}ŒŸ}vÁ]šZšZ

D}µvš]vs]
ÁtZ]uv^Z}}o]šŒ]šUWZ
í}(šZ
tš
Œ}všŒ}o^šŒµšµŒ
WŒ}i
šš^]o]vP>l
U
/u‰Œ}À
u
vššD]Œu}vš
Wµu‰^šŸ}vU^vvš}v]}^
Á
Œ/u‰Œ}À
u
všWZ
íX

x WŒ}µŒ
u
vš v ]u‰o
u
všš]}v }( šZ
 ^ uŒš D
š
Œ W Œ}PŒuX ~}oo}Œš]}v Á]šZ & ]vv
 v
u]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]
vWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX

 
4-137 Table of Contents 483
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


W
Z&KZDE
ltKZ<>KD
^hZ
^

dZ
]šÇ}(D}µvš]vs]
Áµš]o]Ì
‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
š}
u}všŒš
šZ

((
š]À
v
v

((]]
vÇ }( ]šÇ }‰
Œš]}vU  Á
oo  šZ
 š((
((}Œš Œ
‹µ]Œ
 š} ‰Œ}À]
 ‰Œ}PŒu v 
ŒÀ]
X
Z

‰Œšu
všZ
Œ]
}(‰
Œ(}Œuv
vÁ}Œlo}u
µŒ
šZš
ŒÀ
š}‰Œ}À]
]šÇuvP
u
všUšZ
]šÇ
}µv]oUvšZ
}uuµv]šÇÁ]šZš]u
oÇvŒ
o
Àvš]v(}Œuš]}v}v
‰Œšu
všo}‰
Œš]}vX

/vuvǐ
Uu
µŒ
Á]ooZÀ
}šZÁ}Œlo}v‰
Œ(}Œuv
}u‰}v
všUÁ}Œlo}uÇ
(š}Œ
šZšŒ]À
‰
Œ(}Œuv
XtZ
všZ]]šZ

U]š]]u‰}ŒšvššZššZ

u
µŒ
Œ
‰Œ

vš
š}P
šZ
Œš}

vµŒ
šZššZ
‰
Œ(}Œuv
}µš}u
]Z}Áv]všZ
‰Œ}‰
Œ}vš
ƚXoo‰
Œ(}Œuv
u
µŒ
]voµ
šŒP
šU
všZššŒP
š]
}všZ
µP
š
Œ
}µŒ
‰Œ}À]
š}šZš‰Œš]µoŒ(µvš]}vššZ

Ɖ
š
o
À
o}(

ŒÀ]
 
uvX KÀ
Œ š]u
U šZ
 Á}Œlo} v ‰
Œ(}Œuv
 Œ
µoš v 
 µš]o]Ì
 š}
Àoµš
 }‰
Œš]}vo
‰
Œ(}Œuv
v]v(}Œu
]]}v}µšZ}ÁµP
šŒ
}µŒ
Z}µo
oo}š
X

/vo]u]š

Uu
µŒ
Á]oo

(]v
]v(}Œuš]}voX/v(}Œuš]}vou
µŒ
Œ
šZ}
šZšŒ
v
]šZ
Œ
(µvš]}v}(Á}Œlo}v}Œ‰
Œ(}Œuv
µšÁ
Œ

š
Œu]v
š}
]u‰}Œšvš
v}µPZš}
‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}v
š}]voµ
Á]šZšZ
}šZ
Œu
µŒ
X1

D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ
dlj
 îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
í 
‰Œšu
všo
W
Œ
všP
}(šµo

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
š}µP
š


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
(}Œ

‰Œšu
vš}‰
Œš]}vX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Díìì9 óòXñ9 Díìì9
î 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(š]À
Wµo]
t}Œl‰]šo/u‰Œ}À
u
vš
WŒ}i
šX
t}Œlo} r íôð r
X À
ŒP
vµu
Œ}(
‰]šo‰Œ}i
š‰
Œ(µoor
š]u

‹µ]Ào
vš‰]šo
‰Œ}i
šuvP
Œ
t}Œlo} r õXî r
X W
Œ
vš}(‰]šo
‰Œ}i
š
Æ

]vP
¨íìu]oo]}v
t}Œlo} r ñXóô9 r
X Zš]}}(v
Á‰Œ}i
š

š}
Æ]š]vP
‰Œ}i
šo}
}µš
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íWí íWíXïñ íWí
ï 
‰Œšu
všo
µuµoš]À
u]o
}(]Ço

(]o]š]
‰Œ}À]
v
u]vš]v
Uu
µŒ
š
šZ

v}((]oÇ
ŒW 
  
X o/~Dµoš]µ
WšZ t}Œlo} r îñXõó r
X o//~]l
>v
 t}Œlo} r îóXò r
X o///~]l
}µo
ÀŒ t}Œlo} r ìXõô r
X o/s~WŒ}š
š
l
^
‰Œš
]l
ÁÇ t}Œlo} r ñXóô r
4-138 Table of Contents 484
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ
dlj
 îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
ð
dŒv‰}Œšš]}v
vµ]v

^
ŒÀ]

]šÇÁ]
Áš
]À
Œ]}v
Œš
~'}o}(õì9
Œ}
tš
ÇîìïìX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôñ9 ôñXï9 ôñ9
ñ
dŒv‰}Œšš]}v
vµ]v

^
ŒÀ]

}uuµv]šÇ^Zµššo

Œ]
ŒZ]‰W    
XÀ
ŒP
Á

lÇ
Œ]
ŒZ]‰ /v(}Œuš]}vo íUìñõ õíó r
XÀ
ŒP
Á

l
vÇ
Œ]
ŒZ]‰ /v(}Œuš]}vo îóô îïó 
Xd}šovvµoŒ]
Œ /v(}Œuš]}vo îõóUñóî íîõUõôí r
XZ]
Œ‰
Œ
ŒÀ]
Z}µŒ /v(}Œuš]}vo îï íõXï r

X}š‰
ŒŒ]
Œ1 /v(}Œuš]}vo íìXôõ íìXóî~ r
ò
dŒv‰}Œšš]}v
vµ]v

^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(Á}Œl}Œ
Œ
Œ

]À
Ç&]o]š]
v
‰
Œ
všŒ
‰}v
š}Á]šZ]v
ïìǐX
t}Œlo} r íUìôõ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 ôõXîò9 õì9
ó
dŒv‰}Œšš]}v
vµ]v

^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(Á}Œl}Œ
Œ
Œ

]À
Ç&o

šv
‰
Œ
všŒ
‰}v
š}Á]šZ]v
ïìǐX
t}Œlo} r ôíô r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì91 õñ9 õì9
ô
dŒv‰}Œšš]}v
vµ]v

^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(]Ço
v
‰

šŒ]v(
šÇ
µš]}v

À
všvvµu
Œ}(
šµ
vš
µš
X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 íî

À
vš íî
À
vš íî

À
vš
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ïUñìì
šµ
vš
ïUñìì
šµ
vš
ïUñìì
šµ
vš

õ
vP]v

Œ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(Œ}u]o

Œ
‰À
vÀ
ŒP

]šÇÁ]
WÀ
u
vš
}v]š]}v/v
Ɛ}Œ
X
t}Œlo} r òXôò ò
W
Œ(}Œuv
 W/ óì òó W/ óì
íì
vP]v

Œ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(}všŒµš]}v
‰Œ}i
šÁŒ
v
‰
Œ
vš}(š]u
‰‰Œ}À

]]Á]šZ]vîñ9}(

vP]v

Œ–
š]uš
X
t}Œlo} r íñ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eóñ9 ôì9 Eóñ9
íí
vP]v

Œ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(
ÆÀš]}v
‰
Œu]š]µ
v‰
Œ
vš
Œ
À]
Á
Á]šZ]všvŒ
š]u
o]v
X
t}Œlo} r ïíð r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôì9 õò9 ôì9
íî
vP]v

Œ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(‰ovv]vP
‰‰o]š]}vŒ
À]
Áv
‰
Œ
všŒ
À]
Á
Á]šZ]v
švŒš]u
o]v
X
t}Œlo} r íìí r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õì9 õì9
íï
vP]v

Œ]vP t}Œlo} r ððô1 r
4-139 Table of Contents 485
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ
dlj
 îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
Eµu
Œ}(µ]o]vP‰ov
Œ
À]
Á
v‰
Œ
vš
Œ
À]
Á
Á]šZ]všvŒ
š]u
o]v
X
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôì9 õî9 ôì9
íð
vP]v

Œ]vP
Eµu
Œ}(šŒ((]]Pvo
v‰
Œ
všŒ

]À]vP
‰Œ
À
vš]À
u]vš
vv
}Œ
µ‰PŒ
X
t}Œlo} r õî r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õñ9 íìì9 õñ9
íñ Wµo]^
ŒÀ]
 Eµu
Œ}(v]šŒÇ
Á
Œ
‰]ooX t}Œlo} r ì r
íò Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

>
vPšZ}(v]šŒÇ
Á
Œ
Çš
u]v‰
š
}Œo
v

vvµooÇX
W
Œ(}Œuv
 Eíôu]o
 îìXî Eíô
u]o

íó Wµo]^
ŒÀ]
 Eµu
Œ}(Áš
Œu]v
Œ
lX t}Œlo} r ð r
íô Wµo]^
ŒÀ]
 Eµu
Œ}(Áš
Œ‹µo]šÇ
š
š‰
Œ(}Œu
X t}Œlo} íìUììì ññìì íìUììì
íõ Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

W
Œ
vš}(Áš
Œ‹µo]šÇ
š
š]v}u‰o]v
Á]šZ
Áš
Œ‹µo]šÇšvŒ]v
Áš
ŒÇš
uX
/v(}Œuš]}vo íìì9 íìì9 íìì9
îì Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

À
ŒP
]onj
Ço
Áš
Œ

o]À
ŒÇUoµoš
]v
u]oo]}v}(Poo}vÇ
~uPUv]š‰
Œ
všP
}(
š}šoÁš
Œµ‰‰oÇX
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ìXóD' r
/v(}Œuš]}vo r ó9 r
îí Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(]ŒvÁš
Œ
‹µo]šÇš
š‰
Œ(}Œu
v
‰
Œ
vš]v}u‰o]v
Á]šZ
Œ
Pµoš}ŒÇšvŒššZ

]šÇ–o}
ov(]ooX
t}Œlo} r ïUòôî r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôñ9 õõXõ9 ôñ9
îî Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(PŒ((]š]
š
u
všŒ
‹µ
š}v]šÇ
‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ}ŒŒ]PZšr}(rÁÇv
‰
Œ
všš
Á]šZ]vñ
µ]v
ǐX
t}Œlo} r íìî1 r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 õì9 õó9 õì9
îï Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(‰}šZ}o
lu]v}Œ
šŒ

šu]vš
vv
Œ
‹µ
š
v‰
Œ
všŒ
‰]Œ
Á]šZ]v
ñµ]v
ǐX
t}Œlo} r ïô r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôñ9 íìì9 ôñ9
îð Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(Œ]
]
Áol
}u‰o]všv‰
Œ
vš
Œ

Á]šZ]vñµ]v

ǐX
t}Œlo} r ðõ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôñ9 ôô9 ôñ9
4-140 Table of Contents 486
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


D
µŒ

Eµu
Œ
Z
‰}v]o

]À]]}vl
^
š]}v
D
µŒ
 D
µŒ
dlj
 îìîñrîò
dŒP
š
îìîñrîò
òD}všZ
îìîòrîó
dŒP
š
îñ Wµo]^
ŒÀ]

Eµu
Œ}(]šÇšŒ

šo]PZš
u]vš
vv
}ŒŒ
‰]Œ
Œ
‹µ
šv‰
Œ
vš
}u‰o
š
Á]šZ]vñµ]v

ǐX
t}Œlo} r ïñ r
W
Œ(}Œuv
 ôñ9 ôï9 ôñ9
îò 
‰Œšu
všo
Eµu
Œ}(lD}µvš]v
s]
Á‹µ
Œ]
W    
X dŒ((]
vP]v

Œ]vP /v(}Œuš]}vo r ïñï r
X ^šŒ

š /v(}Œuš]}vo r îìó r
X ]Ço
lW

šŒ]v /v(}Œuš]}vo r îô1 r
X KšZ
Œ /v(}Œuš]}vo r íôó r
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
~ }š‰
ŒŒ]
Œ]o}Á
Œ
µ

s o

šŒš
oš
ŒšZv
Ɖ
š
o
]vPš}}‰
Œš]}v}š
]vPo}Á
Œ
šZv
š]uš
X

 
4-141 Table of Contents 487
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
Wµo]t}Œl]Œ
š}Œ í í í
]švšWµo]t}Œl]Œ
š}Œ ï ï ï
Z]
(dŒv‰}Œšš]}vK((]
Œ ì ì íŽð
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vDvP
Œ í í í
&o

šv&]o]š]
DvP
Œ í í í
hš]o]š]
^
ŒÀ]
DvP
Œ í í í
^šŒ

šv>v(]ooo}µŒ
DvP
Œ í í í
^}o]tš
WŒ}PŒuDvP
Œ í í í
dŒ((]
vP]v

Œ í í í
WŒ]v]‰o]À]o
vP]v

Œ ð ð ð
WŒ]v]‰oWŒ}i
šDvP
Œ í í í
^
v]}Œ]À]o
vP]v

Œ íð íð íð
^
v]}ŒWŒ}i
šDvP
Œ ð ð ð
^
v]}ŒdŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ ì ì îŽð
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ ð ð ìŽð
tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
DvP
Œ í í í
Z
oWŒ}‰
ŒšÇWŒ}PŒuu]v]šŒš}Œ í í í
^(
šÇvdŒ]v]vPu]v]šŒš}Œ í í í
^
v]}Œ/v(}Œuš]}vd
Zv}o}PÇvoǐš í í í
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐš ï ï ï
W}šo}µŒ
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
hš]o]š]
^ǐš
u^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
tš
Œ^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
tš
Œ^µ‰
Œ]vš
v
vš í í í
tš
Áš
Œ^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
^šŒ

š^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í

‹µ]‰u
všD]vš
vv
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
&]o]š]
D]vš
vv
^µ‰
ŒÀ]}Œ í í í
&]o]š]
}všŒš}}Œ]vš}Œ î î î
:Œlšl}]š

vP]v

Œ~]À]o íõ íõ íõ
:Œlšl}]š
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ ì ì îŽðlŽñ
voǐš/l// ð ð ð
hš]o]šÇ^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š í í í
W}šo}µŒ

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^ǐš
u^‰
]o]š î î î
hš]o]š]

o
šŒ]]v í í í
tš
ŒYµo]šÇd
Zv]]v í í í
^
v]}ŒWµo]t}Œl/v‰
š}Œ í í í
tš
ŒK‰
Œš]}v^‰
]o]š í í í
^
v]}Œtš
Œ^ǐš
uK‰
Œš}Œ ï ï ï
4-142 Table of Contents 488
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


W}]š]}v^µuuŒÇ
îìîðrîñ
iµš

îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]v ì ì ïŽò
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
^ǐš
ud
Zv]]v î î ìŽó
^
v]}ŒW}šo}µŒ

vÀ]Œ}vu
všo^ǐš
ud
Z î î î
^šŒ

š>]PZš]vPd
Zv]]v í í í

vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l// í í í
,
ÀÇ
‹µ]‰u
vš^‰
]o]š í í í
Œ}r}vv
š]}vvšŒo^‰
]o]š í í í
Wµo]t}Œl/v‰
š}Œ/l// î î î
hš]o]š]
/v‰
š}Œl>}š}Œ í í ìŽó
,
ÀÇ
‹µ]‰u
všK‰
Œš}Œ î î î
&]o]š]
D]vš
vv
/// î î î
&]o]š]
D]vš
vv
/l// î ïŽî ï

‹µ]‰u
všD
Zv]/// î î î

‹µ]‰u
všD
Zv]/l// ð ð ð

‹µ]‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
t}Œl
Œ í í í
^šŒ

šD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/// ï ï ï
^šŒ

šD]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l// ð ð ð
^šŒ

šÁ

‰
ŒK‰
Œš}Œ î î î
tš
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/// ï ï ï
tš
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/l// ò ò ò
tš
Áš
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/// î î î
tš
Áš
Œhš]o]šÇt}Œl
Œ/l// ñ ñ ñ
Wµo]^
ŒÀ]
d
Zv]]v í í í
u]v]šŒš]À
]
 í í í
WŒ}PŒu]švš ï ï ï

Æ
µš]À
]švš í í í
}µu
všvZ
}Œ^‰
]o]š ì ìXñìŽï ìXñì
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš î î ðŽô
u]v]šŒš]À
]švš ð ð îŽô
d}šoZ
PµoŒ íðô íðõXñì íñíXñì
d}šoWŒšrd]u
,}µŒoÇ íXíî íXíî íXíî
d}šoW}]š]}v íðõXíîŽí íñìXòî íñîXòîŽõ

Ží /v]š]}všZ
Œ
]o]u]š
r‰
Œ]}&]o]š]
D]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l//‰}]š]}vX
Žî ]š]}v}(D]vš
vv
t}Œl
Œ/l//‰}]š]}vX
Žï Z
o](]š]}vvšŒv(
Œ}(}µu
všWŒ}
]vPd
Zv]]v///‰}]š]}vš}}µu
všvZ
}Œ
^‰
]o]š(Œ}ušZ
&]vv
vu]v]šŒš]À
^
ŒÀ]

‰Œšu
všXdZ]‰}]š]}v]‰o]šZo(rš]u

šÁ

v
šZ
}uuµv]šÇ
À
o}‰u
všvWµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
všX
Žð D]Ç
ŒŒ
o](]š]}v}((}µŒdŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ‰}]š]}vš}}v
Z]
(dŒv‰}Œšš]}vK((]
ŒUšÁ}
^
v]}ŒdŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
ŒUv}v
:Œlšl}]š
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
ŒX4-143 Table of Contents 489
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


Žñ ]š]}v}(:Œlšl}]š
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
ŒX
Žò ]š]}v}(šZŒ

^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]vX
Žó
o]u]vš]}v}(hš]o]š]
/v‰
š}Œ>}š}ŒvšÁ}^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
^ǐš
ud
Zv]]v‰}]š]}vX
Žô Z
o](]š]}v}(šÁ}u]v]šŒš]À
]švš‰}]š]}vš}^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švšX
Žõ / v]š]}všZ
Œ
]o]u]š
r‰
Œ]}
vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l//‰}]š]}vvv}À
ŒZ]Œ
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
vš
voǐšX


Ɖ
v]šµŒ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
^oŒ]
UtP
v
v
(]š   ¨ îõUìôõUìñí ïñUíõóUïïï ïóUïîôUííì ^µ‰‰o]
vKšZ
Œ^
ŒÀ]
    òòUíðóUòòò óòUòóñUììò óóUõñîUîõô ‰]šoKµšoÇv
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš  íUìõñUòññ îUñôòUììì îUõîíUììì
/vš
Œ(µv
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  íUìõðUìóò íUïììUììì íUðíïUììì
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
  õóUðîòUððô ííñUóñôUïïõ ííõUòíðUðìô

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v    
Wµo]t}Œlu]v]šŒš]}v  íUðîìUîñî íUòîõUìõì íUóííUôòì dŒv‰}Œšš]}vvµ]v
í  îñUîïìUòïí ïìUîðîUñòó ì
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vvdŒ((]í  ì ì òUóðñUóõõ
u]v]šŒš]}vvµ]v
^
ŒÀ]
í  ì ì îôUòïïUôòñ

vP]v

Œ]vP  ôUñíóUóõó ííUóóñUóôñ ôUóòîUôóî
Wµo]^
ŒÀ]
  òîUîñóUóòô óîUííìUôõó óïUóòìUìíî
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç]À]]}v  õóUðîòUððô ííñUóñôUïïõ ííõUòíðUðìô

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
    
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP  íñUíííUðñó íóUïõóUõðõ íõUõðôUòîõ
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP  ôóðUìóì òîîUììì ôñîUììì

À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
  ïUõòìUìôô ñUòìñUôìð ñUîòôUïôì
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ  íUóîôUðôí îUóïíUóïð ïUíõïUõìô tš
Œ  ïðUðìôUîìì ðíUðìíUìõò ðìUððíUíòô
tš
Áš
Œ  îíUïïìUîñõ îïUôñìUîðì îñUóòíUðîñ
^}o]tš
  íñUóóíUîóï íôUîðóUõòò íóUòðîUõîð

‹µ]‰u
všD]vš
vv
vZ
‰o
u
vš  ðUîðîUòîì ñUõìíUññì òUñìñUõóð
d}šo
Ɖ
v]šµŒ
Ç&µv]vP^}µŒ
 ¨ õóUðîòUððô ííñUóñôUïïõ ííõUòíðUðìô

í Z
}ŒPv]Ìš]}v }( šZ
 dŒv‰}Œšš]}v v µ]v
 ]À]]}v š} šZ
 dŒv‰}Œšš]}v v dŒ((] ]À]]}v v
u]v]šŒš]}vvµ]v
^
ŒÀ]
]À]]}vX
 
4-144 Table of Contents 490
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


Z
À
vµ
^µuuŒÇ
 îìîðrîñ
šµo
îìîñrîò
}‰š

îìîòrîó
Z
}uX
'
v
Œo>]
v
˜W
Œu]𐠍 íUíòíUóòò íUïñõUõðô íUòîìUîñì
^šš
/vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všoZ
À
vµ
  íñîUìõó íïñUììì íïñUììì
'
v
Œo^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  îïðUíôð îðñUîîì óòìUïìì
tš
Œ^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  ðïUôïïUðíð ðñUõòîUììì ðóUïìôUììì
tš
Áš
Œ^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  ïðUíñíUñõó ïòUóïðUõìì ïôUôõðUôìì
Z
Ço
tš
ŒZŒP
  íUóïìUðîí íUóñõUììì îUìðìUììì
Z
(µ
^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
  íóUóðóUóìñ íóUõóðUììì íôUóòìUììì
D]
oov
}µZ
À
vµ
  íUïóôUîôð ñîõUììì ñîõUììì

‹µ]‰u
všD]vš
vv
ZŒP
  ïUîðòUóóó ïUõííUììì ðUîôòUñìì
/vš
Œ(µvZ
À
vµ
dŒv(
Œ  ñïUðìì ñïUðìì ñïUðìì
d}šoZ
À
vµ
 ¨ íìïUòôõUòðò íìôUòòïUðòô ííðUïôóUîñì

D:KZh'
d,E'
^

'
v
ŒoK‰
ŒŸvP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Z
oo}š
Œ}]vP'µŒ^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
W}o]

‰Œšu
všš}šZ
Wµo]
t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš(}ŒŒ}]vPPµŒ
ŒÀ]
X

¨ r

ñíôUììì

ñíôUììì
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX

ïUîíóUõìì

ïõôUóìì

ïUòíòUòìì
Z
oo}š
:v]š}Œ]o^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všš}šZ
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš(}Œiv]š}Œ]o

ŒÀ]
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

r

ïôñUîìì

ïôñUîìì
D]vš
vv
vZ
‰]Œ]vdŒ((]^
š]}v

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vPµ
š}]vŒ

}všŒš}Œ}š
(}ŒšŒ((]]Pvou]vš
vv
vŒ
‰]Œv}šZ
ŒšŒ((]
Œ
oš
]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
Œo
K‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ
&µvX

ïïïUììì

ïììUììì

òïïUììì
4-145 Table of Contents 491
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
:µv]}Œl]švšl}]š
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
ŒW}]š]}v
~ìXò&d
~¨ñîUììì}((
šÇZŒP
š}/W

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ:µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXò&d
](µv
]všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v

Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
Ç
/WX

¨ r

íñíUóìì

íñíUóìì
:v]š}Œ]o^
ŒÀ]


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œiv]š}Œ]o
ŒÀ]
(}Œ]šÇ
(]o]š]
µ
š}}š]vŒ

}]š
Á]šZšZ
v
Á
iv]š}Œ]o
ŒÀ]
}všŒšX

íUòôîUðìì

õðUììì

íUóóòUðìì
WŒ
À]o]vPtP
(}ŒW
š}všŒ}o

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vPš}}À
Œ‰Œ
À]o]vPÁP
Œš
(}Œ
šZ
]šÇ[‰
š}všŒ}o
ŒÀ]
X

íìUóìì

ñïUììì

òïUóìì
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}Œ^šŒ

š^Á

‰]vP

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vPµ
š}šZ
]vŒ

}š}(
Á

‰]vP
ŒÀ]
]všZ
]šÇX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
^}o]tš
&µvX

ôôUììì

ïìUììì

ííôUììì
Z
o](]š]}v}(šÁ}u]v]šŒš]À
]švš‰}]š]}vš}
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švš‰}]š]}v~îXì&d


WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}Œ
ošÁ}u]v]šŒš]À
]švšš}
^
v]}Œu]v]šŒš]À
]švšX

ïòñUììì

îóUðìì

ïõîUðìì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

îñõUììì

îîUììì

îôíUììì
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}ŒZ
oWŒ}‰
ŒšÇ^
š]}v

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒš
ŒÀ]
š}µ‰‰}ŒšŒ
o
‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇ}u‰o]v
vµ
]o]P
v
X

r

íñUììì

íñUììì
hš]o]šÇ^ǐš
u^
š]}vW}]š]}vZvP


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰}]š]}vZvP
Á]šZ]všZ
hš]o]šÇ
^ǐš
u^
š]}vU]voµ]vPšZ

o]u]vš]}v}(íXì&d
hš]o]š]

^ǐš
u^‰
]o]šUíXì&d
hš]o]š]
/v‰
š}Œ>}š}ŒUvíXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
^ǐš
ud
Zv]]vUvšZ
]š]}v}(ïXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]vX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUtš
Œ&µvUtš
Áš
Œ&µvUv
šZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

ïîUïìì

îUòìì

ïðUõìì
4-146 Table of Contents 492
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš



'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
ŒŸvP&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
^]
ÁolZu‰]vPU'Œ]v]vPUv/v‰
š]vP^
ŒÀ]

~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
À
v}Œ
ŒÀ]
š}‰
Œ(}Œu
]
ÁolŒu‰]vPvPŒ]v]vP}‰
Œš]}vU]voµ]vP
]u}všZoǐ]
Áol]v‰
š]}vš}šŒP
šŒ
v

]vP
Œ
‰]ŒX

¨ r

îììUììì

îììUììì
^š((µPu
všš]}v(}Œ&]o]š]
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œš((µPu
všš]}vš}µ‰‰}ŒššZ
]šÇ–
µ]o]vPv(]o]š]
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
Œo
E}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl
}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

r

îììUììì

îììUììì
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}ŒššZ
dŒ((]^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
}vš]vµ
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

dŒ((]^
š]}vXdZ

š]}vŒ
o]
}vZ}µŒoÇ
u‰o}Ç

š}
u

šÁ}Œlo}v
À
o}‰u
všŒ
À]
Áš]u
o]v

Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX

r

íôìUììì

íôìUììì
ÇW}Œš
Œ^
ŒÀ]
š^
v]}Œ
vš
Œ~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ(µoorš]u
lj}Œš
Œ
ŒÀ]
ššZ
^
v]}Œ

vš
ŒX

r

íììUììì

íììUììì
^(
Z}µš
š}^Z}}o~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
}vµošvš]šv
(}ŒšZ

^(
Z}µš
š}^Z}}o~^Zd^‰Œ}PŒuXdZ
(µv]vP]‰o]š

šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoE}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
sd
D
µŒ
&µvX

r

íììUììì

íììUììì
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
š}^µ‰‰}ŒšdŒ((]^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒšŒ((]}vµošvšš}Œ
À]
Á
}všŒµš]}v‰Œ}i
š‰ov(}ŒšZ
]šÇX

r

óîUììì

óîUììì


À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
š}^µ‰‰}Œš}všŒµš]}v^
š]}v~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
}vš]vµ
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµošvšš}µ‰‰}Œš

À
o}‰u
všv}všŒµš]}vŒ
oš
š]À]š]
]všZ

}všŒµš]}v^
š]}vX

¨ r

îïìUììì

îïìUììì
4-147 Table of Contents 493
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
š}^µ‰‰}Œš>v
À
o}‰u
vš^
š]}v
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
}vš]vµ
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµošvšš}µ‰‰}Œš

À
o}‰u
všv}všŒµš]}vŒ
oš
š]À]š]
]všZ
>v

À
o}‰u
vš^
š]}vX

¨ r

òìUììì

òìUììì
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
š}^µ‰‰}ŒšdŒ((]^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
}vš]vµ
(µv]vP(}Œ}vµošvšš}µ‰‰}Œš

À
o}‰u
všv}všŒµš]}vŒ
oš
š]À]š]
]všZ
dŒ((]
^
š]}vX

r

òìUììì

òìUììì
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}ŒššZ
>v
À
o}‰u
vš^
š]}v
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
}vš]vµ
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

>v
À
o}‰u
vš^
š]}vXdZ

š]}vŒ
o]
}vZ}µŒoÇ

u‰o}Ç

š}u

šÁ}Œlo}v
À
o}‰u
všŒ
À]
Á
š]u
o]v
Œ
‹µ]Œ
u
všX

r

òìUììì

òìUììì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

ïõUììì

ðUììì

ðïUììì

WŒ}‰
ŒšÇDvP
u
všZ

ŒÀ

/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}ŒWŒ}‰
ŒšÇDvP
u
vš^
ŒÀ]


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒš
ŒÀ]
µ‰‰}Œš]vP
‰Œ}‰
ŒšÇuvP
u
vš}‰
Œš]}vX ¨ íîìUììì

ïìUììì

íñìUììì

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š

vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l//W}]š]}v~ìXñ&d
~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}
vP]v

Œ]vP]švš
/l//‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
](µv
]všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl
}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXîñ&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvUv
ìXîñ&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ&µvX

¨ r

íìóUòìì

íìóUòìì
4-148 Table of Contents 494
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Z
oo}š
:v]š}Œ]o^
ŒÀ]


Z
oo}š
(µv]vP(Œ}ušZ
}uuµv]šÇ^
ŒÀ]


‰Œšu
všš}šZ
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš(}Œiv]š}Œ]o

ŒÀ]
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µv
všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

¨ r

óïUóìì

óïUóìì
D]vš
vv
vZ
‰]Œ]vdŒ((]^
š]}v

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšŒ((]]Pvou]vš
vv
v
Œ
‰]Œv}šZ
ŒšŒ((]rŒ
oš
]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
X&µv]vP]‰o]š

šÁ

všZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v

Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

òôUììì

òìUììì

íîôUììì
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}Œš
vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
}u‰o]v
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}µ‰‰}Œš‰]šo
]u‰Œ}À
u
vš‰Œ}i
šŒ
oš]vPš}(o}}uvP
u
všv

o
À
oŒ]
X

r

òìUììì

òìUììì
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ
W}]š]}v~ìXïî&d

~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}~¨ñïUîîì}((
šÇZŒP
š}/W

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ

‰}]š]}vXìXî&d
](µv
Ç/WUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]v
šZ
^}o]tš
&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvX

r

ñïUîìì

ñïUîìì
:µv]}Œl]švšl}]š
dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
ŒW}]š]}v
~ìXî&d
~¨ñîUììì}((
šÇZŒP
š}/W

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ:µv]}Œl]švšl}]š

dŒv‰}Œšš]}vWovv
Œ‰}]š]}vXìXò&d
](µv
]všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v

Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
Ç
/WX

r

ñîUììì

ñîUììì
^š((µPu
všš]}v(}Œ&]o]š]
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œš((µPu
všš]}vš}µ‰‰}ŒššZ
]šÇ–
µ]o]vPv(]o]š]
X&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
'
v
Œo
E}vrK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl
}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

r

ñìUììì

ñìUììì
4-149 Table of Contents 495
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}Œš
vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
}u‰o]v
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

vP]v

Œ]vP
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
vš}u‰o]v
^
š]}vX&µv]vP]‰o]š

šÁ

všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvU
tš
Áš
Œ&µvUvtš
Œ&µvX

¨ r

ïìUììì

ïìUììì
o](}Œv]
‰Œšu
vš}(tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
W
Œu]š&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œvvµo^Z}Œ
o]v
>v(]oo‰
Œu]š
Œ
‹µ]Œ
ÇšZ
o](}Œv]
‰Œšu
vš}(tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
X

r

ñUììì

ñUììì
hš]o]šÇ^ǐš
u^
š]}vW}]š]}vZvP


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰}]š]}vZvP
Á]šZ]všZ
hš]o]šÇ
^ǐš
u^
š]}vU]voµ]vPšZ

o]u]vš]}v}(íXì&d
hš]o]š]

^ǐš
u^‰
]o]šUíXì&d
hš]o]š]
/v‰
š}Œ>}š}ŒUvíXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
^ǐš
ud
Zv]]vUvšZ
]š]}v}(ïXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]vX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUtš
Œ&µvUtš
Áš
Œ&µvUv
šZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

íîUïìì

~óìì

ííUòìì

tš
Œ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
^šš
tš
Œ^ǐš
u&



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œvvµo(

}]š
Á]šZ
šZ
^šš
tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
}všŒ}o}Œ[Áš
ŒÇš
uX ¨ îìUììì

òñUììì

ôñUììì

vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l//W}]š]}v~ìXîñ&d
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}
vP]v

Œ]vP]švš
/l//‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
](µv
]všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl
}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXîñ&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvUv
ìXîñ&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ&µvX

r

ñïUôìì

ñïUôìì
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ
W}]š]}v~ìXïî&d

~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}~¨ñïUîîì}((
šÇZŒP
š}/W

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ

‰}]š]}vXìXî&d
](µv
Ç/WUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]v
šZ
^}o]tš
&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvX

r

ñïUîìì

ñïUîìì
4-150 Table of Contents 496
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX ¨ ïîõUòìì

îóUñìì

ïñóUíìì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ[
À
Z]o
(o

šX

îôïUììì

îòUììì

ïìõUììì
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}Œš
vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
}u‰o]v
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

vP]v

Œ]vP
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
vš}u‰o]v
^
š]}vX&µv]vP]‰o]š

šÁ

všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvU
tš
Áš
Œ&µvUvtš
Œ&µvX

r

íñUììì

íñUììì
hš]o]šÇ^ǐš
u^
š]}vW}]š]}vZvP


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰}]š]}vZvP
Á]šZ]všZ
hš]o]šÇ
^ǐš
u^
š]}vU]voµ]vPšZ

o]u]vš]}v}(íXì&d
hš]o]š]

^ǐš
u^‰
]o]šUíXì&d
hš]o]š]
/v‰
š}Œ>}š}ŒUvíXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
^ǐš
ud
Zv]]vUvšZ
]š]}v}(ïXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]vX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUtš
Œ&µvUtš
Áš
Œ&µvUv
šZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX

ïîñUììì

íîUíìì

ïïóUíìì
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
š}^µ‰‰}Œš
vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
}u‰o]v
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒš
ŒÀ]
(}Œ‰
]o]Ì

]šv
]všZ

vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo}u‰o]v


š]}vX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
tš
Œ&µvv
tš
Áš
Œ&µvX

r

íìUììì

íìUììì

tš
Áš
Œ&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX ¨ ðïñUïìì

óóUïìì

ñíîUòìì
4-151 Table of Contents 497
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š

vP]v

Œ]vP]švš/l//W}]š]}v~ìXîñ&d
~>]u]š
r
W
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œo]u]š
r‰
Œ]}
vP]v

Œ]vP]švš
/l//‰}]š]}vXìXñ&d
](µv
]všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl
}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXîñ&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvUv
ìXîñ&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ&µvX

¨ r

ñïUôìì

ñïUôìì
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ
W}]š]}v~ìXïî&d

~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}~¨ñïUîîì}((
šÇZŒP
š}/W

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ

‰}]š]}vXìXî&d
](µv
Ç/WUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]v
šZ
^}o]tš
&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvX

r

ñïUîìì

ñïUîìì
^šš
tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
}všŒ}o}ŒW
Œu]š&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}ŒvvµoÁš
]ZŒP
‰
Œu]š(


Œ
‹µ]Œ
µv
ŒšZ
o](}Œv]tš
Œ}
X

r

ðòUììì

ðòUììì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ[
À
Z]o
(o

šX

ïóìUììì

ïíUììì

ðìíUììì
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}Œš
vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
}u‰o]v
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}µ‰‰}ŒššZ

vP]v

Œ]vP
v
vÀ]Œ}vu
vš}u‰o]v
^
š]}vX&µv]vP]‰o]š

šÁ

všZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvU
tš
Áš
Œ&µvUvtš
Œ&µvX

r

íñUììì

íñUììì
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
š}^µ‰‰}Œš
vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo
}u‰o]v
^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ}všŒš
ŒÀ]
(}Œ‰
]o]Ì

]šv
]všZ

vP]v

Œ]vPv
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo}u‰o]v


š]}vX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ
tš
Œ&µvv
tš
Áš
Œ&µvX

r

íìUììì

íìUììì
4-152 Table of Contents 498
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
hš]o]šÇ^ǐš
u^
š]}vW}]š]}vZvP


WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ‰}]š]}vZvP
Á]šZ]všZ
hš]o]šÇ
^ǐš
u^
š]}vU]voµ]vPšZ

o]u]vš]}v}(íXì&d
hš]o]š]

^ǐš
u^‰
]o]šUíXì&d
hš]o]š]
/v‰
š}Œ>}š}ŒUvíXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
^ǐš
ud
Zv]]vUvšZ
]š]}v}(ïXì
&d
^
v]}Œhš]o]š]
d
Zv]]vX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvUtš
Œ&µvUtš
Áš
Œ&µvUv
šZ
^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvX ¨ ïíõUôìì

~òUðìì

ïíïUðìì

^}o]tš
&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
Z
}o}PÇWŒ}
]vP}š

Z
µ
(µv]vP(}Œ}š}]š
Á]šZ^}o]tš

Z
}o}PljŒ}
]vPX ¨ïUóòôUììì

~íUíõïUììì

îUñóñUììì
,}µ
Z}o,ÌŒ}µtš
}µvšÇWŒ}PŒu

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vPš}}vš]vµ
‰Œš]]‰š]}v]všZ

}µvšÇ–,}µ
Z}o,ÌŒ}µtš
WŒ}PŒuX íôñUììì

ôìUììì

îòñUììì
Z
}À
Œ
KŒPv]tš
}u‰}šWŒ}PŒu

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}ŒššZ
‰Œ}µŒ
u
vš}(}ŒPv]
Áš
‰Œ}µšX

r

ôìUììì

ôìUììì
,ÌŒ}µtš
]‰}o~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
(µv]vPš}}všŒšÀ
v}Œš}]‰}
všŒ
š
ZÌŒ}µÁš
‰]oo
]vš}šZ
‰µo]š}ŒuŒ]vÇš
uX

r

òñUììì

òñUììì
^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ
W}]š]}v~ìXïî&d

~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}~¨ñïUîîì}((
šÇZŒP
š}/W

WŒ}À]
(µv]vP(}Œ^
v]}ŒDvP
u
všvoǐšKÀ
ŒZ]Œ

‰}]š]}vXìXî&d
](µv
Ç/WUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ

^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl}uuµv]šÇ&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]v
šZ
^}o]tš
&µvUìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Áš
Œ
&µvUvìXî&d
](µv
]všZ
tš
Œ&µvX

r

ñïUîìì

ñïUîìì
^}o]tš
WŒ}PŒudŒl]vP^}(šÁŒ


WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œ}(šÁŒ
š}šŒlv
vµŒ

}u‰o]v
Á]šZ}ŒPv]}oo
š]}v
ŒÀ]
X

r

ðìUììì

ðìUììì
4-153 Table of Contents 499
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš


/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
}všŒš^
ŒÀ]
(}Œ^šŒ

š^Á

‰]vP

WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vPµ
š}šZ
]vŒ

}š}(
Á

‰]vP
ŒÀ]
]všZ
]šÇX&µv]vP]‰o]š
šÁ

všZ

'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvvšZ
^}o]tš
&µvX ¨ ððUììì

ïìUììì

óðUììì
^šš
tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
}všŒ}o}ŒW
Œu]š&

š
^Z}Œ
o]v


WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œvvµo^Z}Œ
o]v
>v(]oo‰
Œu]š
Œ
‹µ]Œ
ÇšZ
^šš
tš
ŒZ
}µŒ
}všŒ}o}ŒX r

îóUììì

îóUììì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX

ïììUììì

îòUììì

ïîòUììì
nj
]ŒYµo]šÇDvP
u
vš]šŒ]šW
Œu]š&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œvvµo^Z}Œ
o]v
>v(]oo‰
Œu]š
Œ
‹µ]Œ
ÇšZ
nj
]ŒYµo]šÇDvP
u
vš]šŒ]šX

r

îîUììì

îîUììì

]o
&}}Z
}À
ŒÇWŒ}PŒu

WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vPš}µ‰‰}ŒššZ
}‰
Œš]}v}(šZ

]o

&}}Z
}À
ŒÇWŒ}PŒuX

r

îìUììì

îìUììì
]šÇhš]o]šÇ/vŒ



WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}Œ]šÇµš]o]šÇ
ŒÀ]
µ
Ç
]šÇ
‰Œšu
všU}µvš]vP(}ŒµP
Uµš]o]šÇŒš

iµšu
všUvZ]PZ
ŒPv
o
šŒ]]šÇ}šX

îîóUóìì

íìUñìì

îïôUîìì
}µvšÇW
Œu]š&



WŒ}À]
v
Á(µv]vP(}Œ‰
Œu]š(

(Œ}ušZ
^všoŒ
}µvšÇ
‰Œšu
vš}(
vÀ]Œ}vu
všo,
ošZ~
,(}ŒšZ

o}
ov(]oo]š
X

r

íìUñìì

íìUñìì

 
4-154 Table of Contents 500
Wµo]t}Œl
‰Œšu
vš



‹µ]‰u
všD]vš
vv
vZ
‰o
u
vš&µv
/š
u
KŒ]P]vo
u}µvš ZvP

Z
}uX
µP
š
,}µŒoÇ^š((š}^µ‰‰}ŒššZ
&o

š^
š]}v~>]u]š
rW
Œ]}

WŒ}À]
}vš]vµ
(µv]vP(}ŒZ}µŒoǐš((š}}vš]vµ

µ‰‰}Œš]vPšZ
&o

š^
š]}vXdZ
]š]}voŒ
}µŒ
Á]oo
oo}Á(}Œv}vr]š
(Œ]š}Œš}‰
Œ(}Œu}vr]š
u
šoÁ}Œl
š}Œ
š
vŒ
‰]ŒÀ
Z]o
v
‹µ]‰u
vš}u‰}v
všX

¨ r

îìUììì

îìUììì
&o

šD]vš
vv


WŒ}À]
]vŒ

(µv]vP(}ŒšZ
u]vš
vv
}(šZ
]šÇ–
À
Z]o
(o

šX ¨ ðõUììì

ðUììì

ñïUììì

E}š
W>]u]š
r‰
Œ]}]š
u}v}šZ}Á}Œ]P]voµP
šµ
š}šZ
]Œ}v
rš]u
všµŒ
X

4-155 Table of Contents 501
NOTES
(Thispageintentionallyleftblank)
4-156 Table of Contents 502
&hE^,
h>
^

Table of Contents 503

CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

FUND STRUCTURE OUTLINE AND DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS
The financial operaŸons of the City are organized into funds. A fund is defined as a fiscal and accounŸng enŸty with a self-balancing set of accounts, segregated for the purpose of carrying on specific acŸviŸes, or complying with special regulaŸons, restricŸons, or limitaŸons. The following provides a descripŸon of all accounŸng funds used by the City, including those for which a budget is not adopted.

GOVERNMENTAL FUNDS:

The measurement focus for governmental funds is on current spendable resources, and as such, the balance sheets for these types of funds include only current assets and current liabiliŸes. Governmental funds are accounted for on a modified accrual basis; thus, revenues are recognized when measurable and available, and expenditures are recorded when the liability is incurred.

GENERAL FUND (MAJOR FUND)
General OperaŸng Fund (GOF) (101000): The GOF is used to account for all financial resources necessary to carry out basic governmental acŸviŸes and services of the City that are not accounted for in another fund. The GOF supports core community services, such as public safety (Police and Fire), Parks, RecreaŸon, Library, some Planning, Public Works, Sustainability, and all Cit y AdministraŸon support func Ÿons, including City A ©orney, City Clerk, City Manager, Finance and AdministraŸve Services, Human Resources, and InformaŸon Technology.

Development Services (101102): This subfund is separated from the GOF in order to facilitate be©er tracking and accounŸng of all development related acŸviŸes. This allows for an e +ecŸve way to match revenues and expenditures related to private development acŸvity and provide support to sustain services throug hout the fluctuaŸons of development and economic cycles.

Conveyance Tax (101107 ): This subfund is separated from the GOF in order to facilitate be ©er tracking.

Accounts for revenue from taxes collected on real property transferred in the City.

General Fund Reserves (101103-101141):

General Non-Opera Ÿng Fund (GNOF) (101103): Accounts for the limited-period revenues and expenditures of the General Fund.

General Fund Reserve (101105): This reserve is to be funded at a level between 20.0% to 25.0% of General OperaŸng Fund budgeted expenditures, net of budget saving s, and shall be used: (1) for City Council- approved expenditures not appropriated during the a nnual budget process; (2) to cover unan Ÿcipated revenue shoržalls; (3) in situa Ÿons of extreme physical or financial emergency (with the approval of the City Council); (4) to generate ongoing investment earnings; and (5) as a funding source for interfund loans and other loans or advances from the General Fund a s approved by the City Council. Such loans and advances should accrue interest earnings for the General OperaŸng Fund and include principal repayment to the extent possible.

Budget Con Ÿngency Reserve (101104 ): This reserve provides one- Ÿme financial resources during uncertain economic condiŸons. This reserve may be used for such things as: the transiŸoning of posiŸons 5-1 Table of Contents 504

CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

FUND STRUCTURE OUTLINE AND DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

to be eliminated, the phasing out of certain expend itures, smoothing of employee bene fit changes, or anŸcipated or unanŸcipated revenue declines, as approved by the City Council.

Earned Lease Revenue Reserve (101110): This reserve accumulates the rent from the ground l ease of a porŸon of the City’s Charleston East property to Google LLC (Google). Google prepaid $30.0 million as rent for the iniŸal approximately 52-year lease term. The intent is for this reserve to accumulate the rent, as it is earned, to fund one-Ÿme expenses of the City.

Property Management Reserve (101111 ): This reserve provides a source of funds for obliga Ÿons which could arise from the City’s leasing of property, including legal services, certain responsibiliŸes idenŸfied in land leases, environmental tesŸng, or other costs normally incurred by a lessor.

Graham School Site Maintenance Reserve (101114): This reserve funds maintenance obligaŸons, per the agreement with the school district, of the Graham Sports Complex, including the playing fields at Graham Middle School beneath which the City has a reservoir.

TransportaŸon Reserve (101120): This reserve is to be used for major priority trans portaŸon projects to miŸgate tra8c congesŸon, improve infrastructure, and meet the needs of t he City, as authorized by the City Council.

Capital Improvement Reserve (101122) : This reserve is to be funded with a minimum balance goal of $5,000,000 and shall be used for the funding of una nŸcipated priority capital improvement projects authorized by the City Council. To the extent possible, General OperaŸng Fund carryovers remaining from the end of the fiscal year, not designated for other reserve purposes, may be applied to this reserve.

Open Space AcquisiŸon Reserve (101123): This reserve is for acquiring open space to meet th e needs of the City and as authorized by the City Council. Proceeds from excess City-owned properŸes shall fund this Reserve as directed by the City Council.

Strategic Property AcquisiŸon Reserve (SPAR) (101125): This reserve was established to set aside specific funds for the City for the acquisiŸon of strategic property(ies).

Economic Vitality Reserve (101126) : This reserve was established for economic vitality iniŸaŸves, including Downtown Mountain View ac ŸvaŸon, Citywide small business support, storefront vac ancy programs, and other prioriŸes outlined in the Economic Vitality Strategy.

Child Care Commitment Reserve (101128 ): This reserve accounts for the repayment to the Pack ard FoundaŸon for the financing of the Child-Care Center. The final lease payment was made in 2016. On December 6, 2016, Council approved using up to $100 ,000 per fiscal year for low-income subsidies. It is anŸcipated that Fiscal Year 2024-25 will be the last y ear to provide child care subsidy per the reserve balance.

Compensated Absences (101131): This reserve accounts for the disbursements of accrued vaca Ÿon and sick leave or other accrued leave balances to terminated or reŸred employees, as applicable. This Reserve shall be funded at a minimum of 80.0% of the accrue d liabiliŸes of the City for compensated absences such as vacaŸon and vested sick leave.
5-2 Table of Contents 505

CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

FUND STRUCTURE OUTLINE AND DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

Parental Leave Reserve (101133): This reserve accounts for parental leave used, up t o 320 hours or equivalent to eight weeks of paid leave, to all beneީed employees for each qualifying event.

Employee Loan Program Reserve (101137 ): This reserve provides a source of funds for the emp loyee homebuyer and relocaŸon assistance programs administered by Council Policy D-13.

Public Safety Building Reserve (101109 ): This reserve was established to set aside funds for the Public Safety Building project and related debt service.

Minor Estate Trust (101141 ): This reserve was established in 2016, based on a $4 00,000 endowment donaŸon from the Minor Trust. The endowment allows the Library Director to spend 75% of the annual interest earned on Library materials and programs.

SPECIAL REVENUE FUNDS
Special revenue funds are used to account for the p roceeds from specific revenue sources that are legally or contractually restricted to expenditures for specific purposes.

Gas Tax (201*): Accounts for gas tax revenue received from the State and expended for construc Ÿon and maintenance of City streets.

Other Streets & Transporta Ÿon (202*): Accounts for fees that voters approved to collect f rom vehicle registraŸon account fees to fund local road improvements and repairs, and enhance transit, highways, expressways and acŸve transportaŸon.

ConstrucŸon Tax (204000): Excise tax imposed on the construcŸon of buildings and mobile home lots for the sole purpose of raising revenue for municipal purpo ses. These revenues are used for acquisi Ÿon, improvements, maintenance, expansion or implementaŸon of the Capital Improvement Program.

Public Benefit In Lieu (206000-206004): Accounts for revenues collected from developers in-lieu of providing improvements necessitated by their development.

Other Transporta Ÿon Developer Fees (206010, 206020 ): Accounts for developer fees for transporta Ÿon improvements related to new development. Funds can be used for transporta Ÿon capital improvement projects.

Housing (207*): Comprised primarily of Below-Market-Rate (BMR) subf und, Housing Impact Fee subfund, Rental Housing Impact fee subfund, General Housing subfund and other miscellaneous housing grant subfunds. Expenditures are for operaŸons related to developing a+ordable housing, managing the City’s BMR housing program, and for capital and special project that produce new a+ordable housing for the City.

Community StabilizaŸon and Fair Rent Act (CSFRA) (208000): Accounts for acŸviŸes related to stabilize rents and provide just cause evicŸon protecŸons for certain rental units in the City.

Mobile Home Rent StabilizaŸon Ordinance (MHRSO) (209000): Accounts for the acŸviŸes related to stabilize rents and protect the rights for both the mobile home residents and mobile park owners in the City. 5-3 Table of Contents 506

CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

FUND STRUCTURE OUTLINE AND DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

Successor Housing Agency (210001): Accounts for the acŸviŸes related to the housing assets assumed by the City as Housing Successor to the former Revitaliza Ÿon Authority. The ac ŸviŸes are governed by California redevelopment law and must be used to provide housing for people with low and moderate incomes.

Shoreline Golf Links Fund (213*): Accounts for revenues at Shoreline Golf Links and expenses related from the golf course and restaurant operaŸons.

Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts (214*): Accounts for revenue received from o +-street parking, fees paid in-lieu of providing parking in the District a nd for annual ad valorem rate and direct assessment s levied against the property owners within the parking district.

General Special Purpose (215*): Accounts for fees paid for replacement trees and the State mandate CerŸfied Access Specialist (CASp) training program.

Land Use Document Fee (216*): Established in Fiscal Year 2015–16 to recover costs from development projects for the maintenance and updates of land use regulat ory documents, such as the General Plan, Precise Pl ans, and the Zoning Ordinance.

Supplemental Law Enforcement Services (221000): Accounts for funds from a state grant to coun Ÿes and ciŸes which is restricted to funding addiŸonal front-line law enforcement acŸviŸes.

Housing Grant (222*): Accounts for housing grants received, including Community Development Block Grants, Home Investment Partnership Act Grants, and other Housing related grants.

Cable Television (231001): Accounts for Public, EducaŸon and Government (PEG) fees collected by the cable providers and restricted for PEG channel support. The City passes a porŸon of these funds through to a third party to provide public, governmental and educaŸonal access television services.

Shoreline Regional Park Community (258*) (Major Fund): Accounts for property tax revenues on properŸes within the Shoreline Community and expenses related to Shoreline community.

CAPITAL PROJECTS
Capital projects funds are used to account for financial resources used for the acquisiŸon or construcŸon of major capital faciliŸes (other than those financed by proprietary funds).

Storm Drain ConstrucŸon (412000): Accounts for revenues derived from o+-site drainage fees that can only be used for storm drain projects in the Capital Improvements Program.

Park Land DedicaŸon (413000): Accounts for revenues derived from fees on residenŸal subdivisions that can only be used for park and recreaŸon projects.

PROPRIETARY (ENTERPRISE AND INTERNAL SERVICE) FUNDS:

Proprietary (Enterprise and Internal Service) Funds are used to account for opera Ÿons that are financed and operated in a manner similar to private business enterprises, in that goods and services are provided to the general public (external users) or other City departments (internal users), and the costs (expenses, including depreciaŸon) are financed or recovered primarily through fees and serv ice charges charged directly to the users of the go ods and services. Proprietary funds use the accrual basis of accounŸng.

5-4 Table of Contents 507

CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

FUND STRUCTURE OUTLINE AND DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

ENTERPRISE FUNDS
Enterprise funds are used to report acŸviŸes for which service charges or fees are charged to external users.

Enterprise funds are financed and operated in a manner similar to private sector enterprises.

Water (601*) (Major Fund): Accounts for the revenues and expenses related to the administraŸon, operaŸon, maintenance, capital outlay, and financing and related debt service required to supply, distribute and meter water to customers in the City. The City has agree ments with the San Francisco Public u ŸliŸes Commission and the Santa Clara Valley Water District for the supply of wholesale water.

Wastewater (602*) (Major Fund) : Accounts for the revenues and expenses related to t he administraŸon, operaŸon, maintenance, capital outlay, and financing and related debt service required to provide wastewater services to customers in the City. The City has an agreement with the City of Palo Alto to purchase treatment capacity at the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plan (Treatment Plant).

Solid Waste Management (610*) (Major Fund) : Accounts for the revenues and expenses related to administraŸon, disposal services, recycling operaŸons, other solid waste operaŸons, capital outlay and certain costs related to maintenance of the closed land fill sites. Collec Ÿon operaŸons are provided by an outside private contractor. The City has an agreement with the City of Sunnyvale for disposal transfer capacity at the Sunnyvale materials and Recovery Transfer (SMaRT) StaŸon.

INTERNAL SERVICE FUNDS
Internal service funds are used to report ac ŸviŸes for which service charges or fees are charged to internal users. These funds are used to account for the financing of goods or services provided by one City department to other City departments on a cost reimbursement basis.

Equipment Maintenance & Replacement (701*): Accounts for equipment maintenance services provided to other funds and the replacement of certain equipment.

Workers’ CompensaŸon Self-Insurance (751000): Accounts for the City’s self-insurance program for workers’ compensaŸon benefits and for the administraŸon of safety and loss prevenŸon programs.

Unemployment Self-Insurance (752000): Accounts for the City’s unemployment self-insurance program.

Liability Insurance (754000 ): Accounts for the City’s general liability self-in surance and property insurance programs.

ReŸrees’ Health Insurance (756000 ): Accounts for the health plan contribu Ÿons for reŸrees of the City and the funds set aside for future reŸrees’ benefits.

Employee Benefits Self-Insurance (759000): Accounts for the City’s self-insurance vision and other bene fits for City employees.

Major funds are defined as funds that are 10% of the appropriated total of all funds for either revenues or expenditures. The Enterprise Funds do not meet the test but are considered major funds.

5-5 Table of Contents 508

BEGINNING TOTAL DEBT

BALANCE REVENUES AVAILABLE EXPENDITURES SERVICE

GENERAL FUND
General Operating $ 0 207,573,650 207,573,650 191,223,784 0 Development Services (3,044,136) 15,114,000 12,069,864 17,239,459 0 Conveyance Tax 7,810,118 13,672,000 21,482,118 175,000 0 General Fund Reserves 305,792,838 30,692,625 336,485,463 20,298,034 8,100,238 TOTAL $ 310,558,820 267,052,275 577,611,095 228,936,277 8,100,238

SPECIAL REVENUE
Gas Tax $ 5,962,797 5,498,500 11,461,297 0 0
Other Streets & Transportation 1,290,990 3,849,740 5,140,730 84,740 0 Construction Tax 6,515,399 1,010,000 7,525,399 0 0
Public Benefit In Lieu 22,560,442 1,941,000 24,501,442 0 0 Other Transportation Developer Fees 375,092 194,000 569,092 0 0 Housing 89,263,831 5,981,800 95,245,631 42,331,917 0
CSFRA/Rental Housing Committee 1,053,909 2,062,622 3,116,531 2,577,651 0 Mobile Home Rent Stabilization Ordinance 497,762 225,300 723,062 281,429 0 Successor Housing Agency 741,864 63,000 804,864 0 0
Shoreline Golf Links/Restaurant 538,816 5,323,302 5,862,118 4,739,296 0 Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts 18,453,383 2,831,500 21,284,883 1,028,167 0 General Special Purpose 661,564 76,000 737,564 372,229 0 Land Use Document Fee 7,058,685 1,002,500 8,061,185 0 0 Supplemental Law Enforcement Services 954 200,000 200,954 200,954 0 Housing Grant 1,220,357 833,019 2,053,376 833,019 0
Cable Television 728,719 109,000 837,719 195,000 0
Shoreline Regional Park Community 84,308,112 77,751,800 162,059,912 51,170,294 5,827,684 TOTAL $ 241,232,676 108,953,083 350,185,759 103,814,696 5,827,684

CAPITAL PROJECTS
Storm Drain Construction $ 160,856 55,000 215,856 0 0
Park Land Dedication 31,562,034 3,180,600 34,742,634 0 0 TOTAL $ 31,722,890 3,235,600 34,958,490 0 0

ENTERPRISE
Water $ 51,928,048 53,576,200 105,504,248 50,915,643 632,625 Wastewater 56,190,617 41,769,300 97,959,917 35,491,336 852,824 Solid Waste Management 16,097,794 19,646,400 35,744,194 20,342,504 0 TOTAL $ 124,216,459 114,991,900 239,208,359 106,749,483 1,485,449

INTERNAL SERVICE
Equipment Maintanence & Replacement $ 19,746,964 6,318,600 26,065,564 9,225,654 0 Workers' Compensation Self- Insurance 12,126,470 6,006,514 18,132,984 4,873,500 0 Unemployment Self- Insurance 592,104 23,000 615,104 52,250 0 Liability Insurance 4,516,447 6,084,458 10,600,905 7,584,458 0 Retirees' Health Insurance 280,798 7,440,610 7,721,408 7,440,610 0 Employee Benefits Self- Insurance 503,807 65,200 569,007 169,500 0 TOTAL $ 37,766,590 25,938,382 63,704,972 29,345,972 0
GRAND TOTAL $ 745,497,435 520,171,240 1,265,668,675 468,846,428 15,413,371 RECOMMENDED FISCAL YEAR 2026-27 BUDGET - FUND GROUP SUMMARIES 5-6 Table of Contents 509

CAPITAL INTERFUND TOTAL ENDING

PROJECTS TRANSFERS EXPENDITURES OTHER BALANCE

GENERAL FUND
General Operating $ 0 16,200,100 207,423,884 0 149,766
Development Services 0 218,300 17,457,759 0 (5,387,895) Conveyance Tax 3,349,000 7,480,000 11,004,000 0 10,478,118 General Fund Reserves 6,288,500 5,216,000 39,902,772 (12,062,791) 284,519,900 TOTAL $ 9,637,500 29,114,400 275,788,415 (12,062,791) 289,759,889

SPECIAL REVENUE
Gas Tax $ 8,225,000 1,415,400 9,640,400 0 1,820,897
Other Streets & Transportation 4,548,000 0 4,632,740 (69,489) 438,501 Construction Tax 6,241,000 0 6,241,000 0 1,284,399
Public Benefit In Lieu 10,964,000 0 10,964,000 0 13,537,442 Other Transportation Developer Fees 0 0 0 0 569,092
Housing 0 161,800 42,493,717 (10,510,435) 42,241,479
CSFRA/Rental Housing Committee 0 11,800 2,589,451 (517,890) 9,190 Mobile Home Rent Stabilization Ordinance 0 1,400 282,829 (56,165) 384,068 Successor Housing Agency 0 0 0 0 804,864
Shoreline Golf Links/Restaurant 0 267,900 5,007,196 0 854,922 Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts 0 109,700 1,137,867 (1,197,792) 18,949,224 General Special Purpose 0 0 372,229 0 365,335
Land Use Document Fee 90,000 0 90,000 0 7,971,185
Supplemental Law Enforcement Services 0 0 200,954 0 0
Housing Grant 0 0 833,019 0 1,220,357
Cable Television 0 0 195,000 0 642,719
Shoreline Regional Park Community 5,415,000 185,700 62,598,678 (79,466,267) 19,994,967 TOTAL $ 35,483,000 2,153,700 147,279,080 (91,818,038) 111,088,641

CAPITAL PROJECTS
Storm Drain Construction $ 155,000 0 155,000 0 60,856
Park Land Dedication 2,256,000 0 2,256,000 (5,592,547) 26,894,087 TOTAL $ 2,411,000 0 2,411,000 (5,592,547) 26,954,943

ENTERPRISE
Water $ 14,989,000 483,700 67,020,968 (23,298,051) 15,185,229 Wastewater 5,645,000 319,700 42,308,860 (33,232,558) 22,418,499 Solid Waste Management 537,000 262,700 21,142,204 (4,571,176) 10,030,814 TOTAL $ 21,171,000 1,066,100 130,472,032 (61,101,785) 47,634,542

INTERNAL SERVICE
Equipment Maintanence & Replacement $ 0 27,700 9,253,354 (16,062,138) 750,072 Workers' Compensation Self- Insurance 0 0 4,873,500 (12,087,458) 1,172,026 Unemployment Self- Insurance 0 0 52,250 0 562,854
Liability Insurance 0 0 7,584,458 (957,670) 2,058,777
Retirees' Health Insurance 0 0 7,440,610 0 280,798
Employee Benefits Self- Insurance 0 0 169,500 0 399,507 TOTAL $ 0 27,700 29,373,672 (29,107,266) 5,224,034
GRAND TOTAL $ 68,702,500 32,361,900 585,324,199 (199,682,427) 480,662,049 RECOMMENDED FISCAL YEAR 2026-27 BUDGET - FUND GROUP SUMMARIES (continued) 5-7 Table of Contents 510
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Property Taxes $ 80,292,530 84,168,000 81,835,000 84,229,000 Sales Tax 21,176,755 22,843,000 23,516,000 23,525,000
Other Local Taxes 27,389,139 25,614,000 27,108,400 26,666,000 Use of Money & Property 31,947,461 32,435,500 31,821,600 33,066,100 Licenses, Permits & Franchise Fees
/
Fines & Forfeitures 7,435,636 7,158,550 7,422,100 7,243,750 Intergovernmental 1,414,436 751,000 1,303,500 705,000
Charges for Services 3,759,798 3,482,800 3,886,900 3,772,200 Miscellaneous Revenue 4,945,606 2,202,500 4,319,329 2,448,700 Interfund Revenues & Transfers 16,895,355 17,008,300 21,052,540 25,917,900 Total 195,256,716 195,663,650 202,265,369 207,573,650
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations:

Salaries and Benefits 138,904,144 157,537,833 148,540,047 165,424,895 Supplies and Services 26,690,490 29,430,381 28,118,587 32,070,281 Capital Outlay 235,986 682,200 776,412 733,400
Self Insurance 3,069,990 3,202,705 3,202,709 3,295,208
Transfer to Housing Fund 593,660 568,300 604,700 619,800 Transfer to Budget Contingency Reserve 4,924,344 0 0 0
Transfer to Transportation Reserve 4,341,278 4,138,400 4,429,600 4,550,400 Transfer to Capital Improvement Reserve 1,809,000 1,881,000 1,881,000 1,952,000 Transfer to Public Safety Building Reserve 0 6,729,940 6,729,940 7,927,900 Transfer to Parental Leave Reserve 0 0 0 1,100,000
Transfer to MHRSO 0 50,000 50,000 50,000
Transfer to Equip Replace Reserve 1,384,800 0 0 0
Projected Operating Vacancy Factor 0 (9,300,000) 0 (10,300,000) Total 181,953,692 194,920,759 194,332,995 207,423,884
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 13,303,024 742,891 7,932,374 149,766 Transfer to General Non-Oper Fund (10,093,106) 0 0 0
Transfer to Capital Improvement Reserve 0 0 (2,000,000) 0 Transfer to SPAR 0 0 (1,000,000) 0
Transfer to Parental Leave Reserve 0 0 (1,000,000) 0
Transfer to Public Safety Building Reserve 0 0 (2,000,000) 0 Change in Assets, Liabilities and
Reserve for Enc, Grants & Donations (3,209,918) 0 0 0
Beginning Balance, July 1 0 0 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 (1)
$ 0 742,891 1,932,374 149,766

(1) Balance less any reserves for encumbrances, grants, donations, and changes in assets and liabilities, is transferred to various reserves after the end of the fiscal year.

The General Operating Fund accounts for the operations of the City which are not recorded in other funds.

GENERAL OPERATING FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-8 Table of Contents 511
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 643,844 0 119,840 0
Licenses & Permits 4,150,069 4,984,971 7,322,500 7,905,000 Charges for Services 3,883,234 4,660,189 6,561,580 7,209,000 Land Use Documents 494,055 0 0 0
Other Revenues 5,627 0 12,602 0
Transfer from General Non-Op Fund 2,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 0 Transfer from Retirees' Health Ins Fund 2,800,000 0 0 0 Total 13,976,829 10,645,160 15,016,522 15,114,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 15,043,384 18,606,727 16,529,370 18,740,239
Capital Projects 1,400,000 0 0 0
General Fund Administration 0 1,942,300 0 0
Self Insurance 509,390 652,210 652,210 499,220
Transfer to Comp Absences Res 79,000 165,000 165,000 148,000 Transfer to Equip Replace Res 56,400 56,600 56,600 70,300 Transfer to Land Use Document Fee Fund(1) 0 5,744,930 5,766,685 0 Vacancy Factor 0 (2,500,000) 0 (2,000,000)
Total 17,088,174 24,667,767 23,169,865 17,457,759
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (3,111,345) (14,022,607) (8,153,343) (2,343,759) Beginning Balance, July 1 8,220,552 5,109,207 5,109,207 (3,044,136) Reserve for Encumbrances (1,253,900) (1,253,900) 0 0
Reserve for Land Use Documents(1) (5,766,685) (1) 0 0 0 Ending Balance, June 30 $ (1,911,378) (10,167,300) (3,044,136) (5,387,895) All development related activities are consolidated into the Development Services Fund to more accurately align all development related revenues and expenditures. The City Council has committed the revenues generated from these permits and charges to fund these expenditures.

GENERAL FUND: DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
(1) The Land Use Documents Fee was established in Fiscal Year 2015–16 to recover costs associated with preparing and updating major land use planning documents. The use of these fees is restricted to projects related to updates of the General Plan, Precise Plans, and zoning regulations. To improve accountability and transparency, a special revenue fund has been created, and a one-time transfer of $5.8 million was made from the Development Services Fund to the newly established Land Use Document Fee Fund.
5-9 Table of Contents 512
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Conveyance Tax $ 1,930,068 5,000,000 5,100,000 5,000,000 Conveyance Tax d Measure G 115,503 9,500,000 5,100,000 8,200,000 Investment Earnings 4,499 130,000 254,000 472,000
Total 2,050,070 14,630,000 10,454,000 13,672,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 0 0 0 175,000
Capital Projects 0 0 0 3,349,000
Transfer to Public Safety Building Res 46,201 3,800,000 2,040,000 3,280,000 Transfer to Open Space Acquisition Res 34,651 2,850,000 1,530,000 2,460,000 Transfer to Housing Fund 23,100 1,900,000 1,020,000 1,640,000 Transfer to Economic Vitality Reserve 0 0 0 100,000
Total 103,952 8,550,000 4,590,000 11,004,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 1,946,118 6,080,000 5,864,000 2,668,000 Beginning Balance, July 1 0 1,946,118 1,946,118 7,810,118 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 1,946,118 8,026,118 7,810,118 10,478,118 GENERAL FUND: CONVEYANCE TAX FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
The Construction Tax Fund is used to account for Construction Tax and Real Property Conveyance Tax revenues received by the City.

In November 2024, voters approved Measure G, which added an additional tier to the existing Real Property Conveyance Tax. As a result, conveyance tax revenues for property transfers occurring after December 20, 2024, are recorded in the General Fund, Conveyance Tax Subfund.

The Construction Tax Fund retains a residual balance of conveyance tax revenues collected prior to December 20, 2024, but will primarily be used to account for Construction Tax going forward.

Construction Tax Fund revenues are derived from fees authorized by Mountain View City Code, Section

29.56. The Construction Tax is an excise tax imposed on the construction of buildings and mobile home lots.

Pursuant to City Code Section 29.60 (Use of Tax Revenues), these funds shall be used solely for the acquisition, improvement, maintenance, expansion, or implementation of the City’s Capital Improvement Program.
5-10 Table of Contents 513
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 434,347 439,000 514,000 552,000
2103 Funds1 826,833 787,000 811,000 846,000
2105 Funds2 537,692 551,000 536,000 566,000
2106 Funds3 325,496 329,000 325,000 343,000
2107 Funds3 713,293 752,000 718,000 756,000
2107.5 Funds4 7,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
Road Repair & Acct. Act 20175 2,354,206 2,300,000 2,345,000 2,428,000 Capital Projects Refunds 388,000 0 0 0
Total 5,587,367 5,165,500 5,256,500 5,498,500
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Capital Projects 4,493,000 2,627,000 2,627,000 8,225,000 Transfer to General Operating Fund 1,387,500 1,401,400 1,401,400 1,415,400 Total 5,880,500 4,028,400 4,028,400 9,640,400
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (293,133) 1,137,100 1,228,100 (4,141,900) Beginning Balance, July 1 5,027,830 4,734,697 4,734,697 5,962,797 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 4,734,697 5,871,797 5,962,797 1,820,897

1. Section 2103 Funds: Expenditure of apportioned funds may be made for any street purpose (including debt service). Funds are apportioned to the City based on population.

2. Section 2105 Funds: Expenditure of apportioned funds may be made for any street purpose and funds are apportioned to the City on a per capita basis.

3. Section 2106 and 2107 Funds: Expenditure of apportioned funds may be made for any street purpose. This includes construction, purchase of right-of-way, or maintenance. Funds are apportioned as follows: (a) 2106: $4,800 fixed amount and a per capita distribution; (b) 2107: a per capita distribution and interest earnings.

4. Section 2107.5 Funds-Engineering: Funds are required to be used exclusively for engineering and administrative costs associated with streets and roads. The amount of $7,500 is apportioned to the City based on population.

5. Road Repair and Accountability Act (RRAA) 2017: SB 1 is an increase in diesel excise and sales taxes, gasoline excise tax, the assessment of an annual Transportation Improvement fee based on the value of the vehicle and an annual $100 Zero Emissions Vehicle fee.

Revenues received are restricted for specific purposes as prescribed by law; primarily road construction, maintenance/repair of roads, highways, bridges and culverts, improvement of public transportation, trade corridors, and infrastructure promoting walking and bicycling, reduction of congestion on major corridors, and certain administrative costs. All expenditures are audited by the State Controller's Office and RRAA expenditures are to be reported to the California Transportation Commission.

GAS TAX FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-11 Table of Contents 514
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 131,543 144,000 117,000 126,000
Vehicle Registration Fees 570,919 500,000 583,017 500,000 VTA 2016 Measure B 1,017,384 1,480,000 1,764,615 3,223,740 Capital Projects Refunds 0 0 682,000 0
Total 1,719,846 2,124,000 3,146,632 3,849,740
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 116,808 50,000 52,626 84,740
Capital Projects 1,641,115 2,112,000 2,446,615 4,548,000 Total 1,757,923 2,162,000 2,499,241 4,632,740
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (38,077) (38,000) 647,391 (783,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 681,676 643,599 643,599 1,290,990 Reserve for Encumbrances (72,115) (72,115) (69,489) (69,489) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 571,484 533,484 1,221,501 438,501 In November 2010 Santa Clara County voters approved a measure to increase the Vehicle Registration Fee (VRF) by $10.00 annually for transportation related projects. These funds will be managed by the Santa Clara County Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) and allocated based on city population and County of Santa Clara road and expressway lane mileage.

In November 2016 Santa Clara County voters approved Measure B, a 30 year half-cent countywide sales tax to enhance transit, highways, expressways and active transportation (bicycles, pedestrians and complete streets). Eligible projects include BART Silicon Valley Phase II, Caltrain Corridor Capacity Improvements and grade separations, and bicycle and pedestrian improvements. The amount of revenue budgeted reflects funding for approved projects. However, funds are received on a reimbursement basis.

OTHER STREETS & TRANSPORTATION FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-12 Table of Contents 515
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Real Property Conveyance Tax $ 4,859,127 0 0 0
Construction Tax 6,642 10,000 20,000 10,000
Investment Earnings 1,257,593 1,300,000 1,255,000 1,000,000 Capital Projects Refunds 3,420,910 0 3,500,000 0
Total 9,544,272 1,310,000 4,775,000 1,010,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Capital Projects 10,917,500 6,868,000 7,899,000 6,241,000 Total 10,917,500 6,868,000 7,899,000 6,241,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (1,373,228) (5,558,000) (3,124,000) (5,231,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 11,012,627 9,639,399 9,639,399 6,515,399 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 9,639,399 4,081,399 6,515,399 1,284,399

CONSTRUCTION TAX FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
The Construction Tax Fund is used to account for Construction Tax and Real Property Conveyance Tax revenues received by the City.

In November 2024, voters approved Measure G, which added an additional tier to the existing Property Conveyance Tax. As a result, conveyance tax revenues for property transfers occurring after December 20, 2024, are recorded in the General Fund, Conveyance Tax Subfund.

The Construction Tax Fund retains a residual balance of conveyance tax revenues collected prior to December 20, 2024, but will primarily be used to account for Construction Tax going forward.

Construction Tax Fund revenues are derived from fees authorized by Mountain View City Code, Section 29.56. The Construction Tax is an excise tax imposed on the construction of buildings and mobile home lots. Pursuant to City Code Section 29.60 (Use of Tax Revenues), these funds shall be used solely for the acquisition, improvement, maintenance, expansion, or implementation of the City’s Capital Improvement Program. 5-13 Table of Contents 516
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 1,686,057 1,814,000 1,809,000 1,941,000 PB In Lieu Contributions* 0 0 500,000 0
Capital Projects Refunds 0 0 0 0
Total 1,686,057 1,814,000 2,309,000 1,941,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 2,450,000 0 0 0
Capital Projects 1,500,000 700,000 700,000 10,964,000
Total 3,950,000 700,000 700,000 10,964,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (2,263,943) 1,114,000 1,609,000 (9,023,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 23,215,385 20,951,442 20,951,442 22,560,442 Reserve for Encumbrances 0 0 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 20,951,442 22,065,442 22,560,442 13,537,442 A developer may be required to provide public benefits, such as area improvements or affordable housing, as a result of their development project. A developer may pay a fee in lieu of providing these public benefits which will then be used by the City to provide improvements in the general area of the development as approved by the City Council. The Public Benefit in Lieu Fund accounts for this activity.
* As revenues are dependent upon the level and type of development, future contribution revenues are not projected or budgeted in advance.

PUBLIC BENEFIT IN LIEU FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-14 Table of Contents 517
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 188,376 198,000 181,000 194,000
Capital Project Refunds 73,277 0 0 0
Citywide Transportation Impact Fees* 59,499 0 48,966 0 Total 321,152 198,000 229,966 194,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Capital Projects 0 3,847,000 3,847,000 0
Total 0 3,847,000 3,847,000 0
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 321,152 (3,649,000) (3,617,034) 194,000 Beginning Balance, July 1 3,670,974 3,992,126 3,992,126 375,092 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 3,992,126 343,126 375,092 5 69,092 As authorized by Mountain View City Code, Chapter 3 6, Article XVI, Division 8 (Code), a developer may apply for a Transit (T) Overlay Zone and a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) permit to increase the development density. A condition of the permit would require the provision of certain transit related improvements. A developer may pay the City in-lieu of providing these improvements. The TOD permits were removed from the Code with the adoption of the East Whisman Precise Plan.

In accordance with the Mitigation Fee Act and the N exus Study, the Citywide Transportation Impact Fee was adopted by the City Council on September 11, 2018 and became effective November 24, 2018. This fee charges new development the fair-share cost of transportation improvements needed to mitigate the transportation impacts created by that development.

On September 25, 2018, the City Council adopted an ordinance to add Chapter 43 to the Mountain View Ci ty Code to enact a Transportation Impact Fee on citywide development.
* As revenues are dependent upon the conditions described above, future impact fee revenues are not projected or budgeted in advance.

OTHER TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPER FEES FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-15 Table of Contents 518
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 3,127,433 3,199,000 3,799,841 3,572,000 BMR Housing in Lieu Fees* 2,007,911 0 2,844,284 0
Housing Impact Fees* 96,128 0 70,690 0
Transfer from General Oper Fund 593,660 568,300 604,700 619,800 Transfer from Conveyance Tax (Meas G
) 23,100 1,900,000 1,020,000 1,640,000
Intergovernmental 1,062,585 0 0 0
Other Revenue 49,448 0 68,834 0
Transfer from Housing Impact 0 150,000 150,000 150,000
Total 6,960,265 5,817,300 8,558,349 5,981,800
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 2,486,364 7,512,403 3,454,784 7,932,877
Loan-1100 La Avenida (5,947) 215,229 215,229 0
Loan-Lot 12 4,378 13,400,769 6,335,819 0
Loan-1265 Montecito Ave 7,775,020 0 0 0
Loan-1020 Terra Bella Ave 0 13,494,301 0 13,494,300
Loan-1012 Linda Vista Ave 0 9,998,647 0 0
Loan-96 W El Camino Real 0 7,997,586 0 7,697,586
Loan-901 E El Camino Real 0 0 56,959 0
Loan-57-67 East Evelyn Ave 0 6,300,000 0 6,300,000
Loan-87 E Evelyn Ave 0 7,998,074 1,150,000 6,848,074
Self Insurance 41,670 62,760 62,760 59,080
Transfer to Housing Trust 0 150,000 150,000 150,000
Transfer to Comp Absences Reserve 3,000 13,000 13,000 9,000 Transfer to Equip Replace Reserve 1,600 1,800 1,800 2,800 Total 10,306,085 67,144,569 11,440,351 42,493,717
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (3,345,820) (61,327,269) (2,882,002) (36,511,917) Beginning Balance, July 1 95,491,653 92,145,833 92,145,833 89,263,831

Reserve for Encumbrances (273,494) (273,494) 0 0
Reserved for Low-Mod Housing** (66,847,393) (7,442,787) (46,072,018) (10,510,435) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 25,024,946 23,102,283 43,191,813 42,241,479 * As revenues are dependent upon the type and timing of development, future fee revenues are not projected or budgeted in advance. ** Represents the balance of funds committed by City Council for Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) Projects taking into account funds expended, encumbered, and budgeted.

HOUSING FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
As authorized by Mountain View City Code section 36.40.10 the Below-Market-Rate (BMR) Housing Program requires that

15.0% of all new residential units or parcels within a development be affordable to low and moderate income households. As an alternative mitigation to providing units onsite, a developer may pay a fee in-lieu of providing these units which will then be used to provide affordable housing approved by the City Council. These revenues are restricted for expenditures related to the provision of low and moderate income housing. The City contracts with the HouseKeys, Inc for administrative support for this program.

In accordance with the Mountain View City Code section 36.40.65, the Housing Impact Program requires a fee to be imposed on all nonresidential developments. Expenditures are restricted for increasing and improving the supply of very low to moderate income housin
g and rental housing.
5-16 Table of Contents 519
Unaudited Adopted (1) Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 43,627 30,000 35,000 39,000
Charges for Services 1,781,055 1,839,656 1,803,841 2 ,023,622 Other Revenues 0 0 1,471 0
Total 1,824,682 1,869,656 1,840,312 2,062,622
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 1,795,374 2,331,619 1,849,394 2,318,091
General Fund Administration 164,770 172,300 172,300 200,480 Self Insurance 49,020 73,220 73,220 59,080
Transfer to Comp Absences Res 3,000 12,000 12,000 9, 000 Transfer to Equip Replace Res 1,900 2,200 2,200 2,80 0
Total 2,014,064 2,591,339 2,109,114 2,589,451
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (189,382) (721,683) (268,802) (5 26,829) Beginning Balance, July 1 1,512,093 1,322,711 1,322,711 1,053,909 Reserve (469,349) (518,268) (518,268) (517,890)
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 853,362 82,760 535,641 9,19 0 On November 8, 2016 the residents of the City of Mountain View voted to adopt Measure V, also known as the Community Stabilization and Fair Rent Act (CSFRA), to stabilize rents and provide just cause eviction protections for certain rental units in Mountain View. The CSFRA created an entirely new program in the City of Mountain View and requires dedicated resources for its development, implementation, and administration. Section 1709(d) of the CSFRA empowers the RHC to establish a budget for the reasonable and necessary implementation of the provisions of the CSFRA, and Section 1709(j) requires the RHC to finance its reasonable and necessary expenses as necessary to ensure implementation of the CSFRA by charging landlords an annual Rental Housing Fee. (1) Reflects the budget as adopted by the RHC on May 22, 2025 with adjustments for updated salary calculation.

COMMUNITY STABILIZATION AND FAIR RENT ACT (CSFRA)/

RENTAL HOUSING COMMITTEE (RHC) FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-17 Table of Contents 520
Unaudited Adopted (1) Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 17,223 16,000 16,000 18,000
Space Rental Fees 322,050 157,300 160,460 157,300
Transfer from General Fund 0 50,000 50,000 50,000
Total 339,273 223,300 226,460 225,300
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 194,374 262,013 236,719 245,469
General Fund Administration 27,460 26,970 26,970 27,520 Self Insurance 8,170 10,460 10,460 8,440
Transfer to Comp Absences Res 0 0 0 1,000
Transfer to Equip Replace Res 300 300 300 400
Total 230,304 299,743 274,449 282,829
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 108,969 (76,443) (47,989) (57,52 9) Beginning Balance, July 1 436,782 545,751 545,751 497, 762 Reserves (64,242) (59,949) (59,949) (56,165)
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 481,509 409,359 437,813 384,06 8 (1) Reflects the budget as adopted by the RHC on May 22, 2025 with adjustments for updated salary calculation.

MOBILE HOME RENT STABILIZATION ORDINANCE (MHRSO)
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
On September 28, 2021, the City Council adopted an Ordinance enacting the Mobile Home Rent Stabilization Ordinance (MHRSO). This ordinance went into effect on October 28, 2021. The MHRSO creates a second rent stabilization program in the City comparable to the Community Stabilizati on and Fair Rent Act (CSFRA). The MRHSO in Section 46.9(8) assigns the Rental Housing Committee (RHC) powers to administer the MHRSO by establishing a budget for reasonable and necessary expenses and recouping these costs by charging space rental fee to Mobile Home Owners. 5-18 Table of Contents 521
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 151,573 52,000 59,000 63,000
Total 151,573 52,000 59,000 63,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 0
Total 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 0
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 151,573 (948,000) (941,000) 63,0 00 Beginning Balance, July 1 1,531,291 1,682,864 1,682,864 741,864 Reserved for Low-Mod Housing* 0 0 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 1,682,864 734,864 741,864 8 04,864 Effective February 1, 2012 all California redevelopment agencies, including the Mountain View Revitalization Authority (Authority), were dissolved pursuant to the Dissolution Act. On January 10, 2012 the City Council ado pted resolution 17668 expressing the intent to serve as the Successor Housing Agency of the Authority pursuant to Health and Safety Code sections 34171(j), 34173 and 34176. The housing assets (e.g. long-term loans and bonds) were transferred to the Successor Housing Agency. Effective January 1, 2014, SB 341 required housing successors to follow new expenditure and accounting rules. If a housing successor has fulfilled all replacement, affordable housing production, and monitoring, databa se compilation and web site publication requirements, it may spend up to $250,000 annually on homelessness prevention and rapid rehousing services.

* Represents the reservation of funds by City Council at the May 19, 2020 Council meeting for a low- and moderate-income housing project.

SUCCESSOR HOUSING AGENCY FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-19 Table of Contents 522
Unaudited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Golf Course Revenue $ 3,170,813 3,166,430 3,544,700 3,828,036 Restaurant Revenue 1,270,919 1,527,200 1,363,600 1,495,266 Total Golf 4,441,732 4,693,630 4,908,300 5,323,302
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Golf Operations 2,549,672 2,666,718 2,516,387 3,036,988 Restaurant Operations 1,488,564 1,445,445 1,447,766 1,423,868 Management Fee to Touchstone 159,015 120,000 120,000 120,000 General Fund Administration 111,900 113,000 113,000 155,900 Self Insurance 2,460 3,140 3,140 2,540
Transfer to Equip Replace Res 78,200 91,600 91,600 117,900 Total 4,389,811 4,439,903 4,291,893 4,857,196
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 51,921 253,727 616,407 466,106
Transfer to General Operating Fund (100,000) (150,000) (150,000) (150,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 120,488 72,409 72,409 538,816 Reserve for Encumbrances (228) (228) 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30* $ 72,181 175,908 538,816 854,922 Shoreline Golf Links/Michaels at Shoreline Restaurant includes revenues and expenditures related to the operation of the golf course and restaurant. Effective January 8, 2012 the City entered into an Operating Management Agreement with Touchstone Golf, LLC. On 10/23/18, City Council approved amending the operating agreement with Touchstone to include management of Michaels at Shoreline Restaurant. The amended operating agreement began January 1, 2019. * The ending balance includes amounts that are not available for spending, such as nonspendable items, (e.g. inventory) and encumbrances set aside for Touchstone operations and contingencies.

SHORELINE GOLF LINKS/MICHAELS AT SHORELINE RESTAURANT
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-20 Table of Contents 523
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Property Taxes $ 1,316,547 1,338,800 1,299,807 1,296,900 Permit Revenues 295,571 275,000 264,333 275,000
Investment Earnings 516,378 465,000 595,906 635,000
Invest Earn on In-Lieu Parking Fees 334,203 308,000 356,000 383,000 Homeowner's Tax Exemption 2,790 3,000 2,564 3,000
Maintenance Assessment District 158,606 158,600 158,000 158,600 In-Lieu Parking Fees 257,888 0 0 0
Business Improvement Districts 59,436 60,000 55,545 60,000 Other Revenues 54,152 20,000 9,463 20,000
Total 2,995,571 2,628,400 2,741,618 2,831,500
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 490,193 828,914 725,440 889,977
Business Improvement Districts 59,436 52,000 52,000 52,000 Capital Projects 0 0 9,500,000 0
General Fund Administration 46,700 47,200 47,200 80,700 Self Insurance 5,310 6,800 6,800 5,490
Transfer to General Oper Fund 108,400 108,400 108,400 108,400 Transfer to Compensated Absences Res 0 2,000 2,000 1,000 Transfer to Equip Replace Res 200 200 200 300
Total 710,239 1,045,514 10,442,040 1,137,867
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 2,285,332 1,582,886 (7,700,422) 1,693,633 Beginning Balance, July 1 23,868,473 26,153,805 26,153,805 18,453,383 Reserve for Encumbrances (191,390) (191,390) 0 0
Reserve for Future Parking Maint (637,500) (675,000) (675,000) (712,500) Reserve for Future Parking (In-Lieu
Parking Fees) (9,246,292) (9,554,292) (102,292) (485,292) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 16,078,623 17,316,009 17,676,091 18,949,224 The Parking District (District) is a maintenance assessment district in the downtown Castro Street area created to provide and maintain parking lots and structures. In addition to property taxes and permit revenues, an annual assessment is levied on properties in the District. The Mountain View City Code requires that as a condition of approval for any development within the District, the developer or owner shall provide the required off-street parking, pay the in-lieu parking fee or a combination of both. These funds are restricted for the construction of new parking spaces, are designated for the Hope St development and are accounted for in the Reserve for Future Parking.

The Business Improvement Areas (BIA's) were created for specific areas of the downtown and are an assessment to the business owners based on the type and size of the business. These funds are utilized for staffing dedicated to the promotion and support of downtown businesses.

The Reserve for Future Parking Maintenance was recommended in a previous Parking Study for long term maintenance and improvements of the parking structures and lots not funded in the operating budget (e.g. janitorial services, elevator maintenance, etc.). The District increases by $37,500 annually and it is anticipated these funds will be utilized when major improvements are needed (e.g. steam cleaning the entire parking structure, repaving a parking lot, replacing signage inside the parking structure, etc.).

DOWNTOWN BENEFIT ASSESSSMENT DISTRICTS FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-21 Table of Contents 524
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 12,259 13,000 24,000 26,000
CASp Fee 14,556 0 15,000 0
Fines & Forfeitures 0 0 0 0
Charges for Services 0 50,000 533,500 50,000
Total 26,815 63,000 572,500 76,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 26,747 153,428 231,641 372,229
Total 26,747 153,428 231,641 372,229
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 68 (90,428) 340,859 (296,229)
Beginning Balance, July 1 320,637 320,705 320,705 661,564 Reserve for Encumbrances (11,443) (11,443) 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 309,262 218,834 661,564 365,335 The General Special Purpose Fund was established to track and report funds used for specific purposes. This fund currently includes the following:

The Community Tree Master Plan (CTMP) was adopted by City Council September 15, 2015 and includes objectives and strategies to improve and enhance the City’s urban forest and canopy over the following 15 years and to respond to environmental and safety issues that can impact community trees and wildlife habitat. The CTMP established implementation measures to achieve the objectives, including establishing a Tree Mitigation Fund and a Tree Replacement fee. For any trees that cannot be replaced on site, the fee will be assessed to provide funding for tree planting at other sites within the community.

Assembly Bill 1379 amended Section 4467 of the government code (previously amended by Senate Bill 1186) and requires an additional $4 fee to be paid by any applicant of a Business License beginning January 1, 2018. The fee will be used to increase disability access and compliance with construction-related accessibility requirements and help support the Certified Access Specialist (CASp) program.

GENERAL SPECIAL PURPOSE FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-22 Table of Contents 525
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Land Use Documents $ 0 585,500 903,000 585,500
Investment Earnings 0 195,000 389,000 417,000
Transfer from Development Services Fund 0 5,744,930 5,766,685 0 Total 0 6,525,430 7,058,685 1,002,500
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Capital Projects 0 0 0 90,000
Total 0 0 0 90,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 0 6,525,430 7,058,685 912,500
Beginning Balance, July 1 0 0 0 7,058,685
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 0 6,525,430 7,058,685 7,971,185

LAND USE DOCUMENT FEE FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
The Land Use Document Fee was established in Fiscal Year 2015–16 to recover costs from development projects for the maintenance and updates of land use regulatory documents, such as the General Plan, Precise Plans, and the Zoning Ordinance. Initially, the fee revenues were incorporated into the General Fund Development Services Fund. However, beginning in Fiscal Year 2025–26, the available balance of the Land Use Document Fee was transferred to a newly created, standalone fund (Fund 216000) for improved transparency and financial tracking. 5-23 Table of Contents 526
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

COPs Grant $ 256,680 200,000 267,899 200,000
Total 256,680 200,000 267,899 200,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 255,726 200,000 267,899 200,954
Total 255,726 200,000 267,899 200,954
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 954 0 0 (954)
Beginning Balance, July 1 0 954 954 954
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 954 954 954 0
The Supplemental Law Enforcement Services Fund accounts for revenues received via a state grant to counties and cities which is restricted for funding additional front-line law enforcement services.

SUPPLEMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-24 Table of Contents 527
Unaudited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 86,469 0 347,835 0
CDBG Program 140,410 604,000 0 600,557
Home Program 167,292 237,000 50,414 232,462
Other Grants 750,000 0 0 0
Loan Repayments 1,308,703 0 5,897,188 0
Total 2,452,874 841,000 6,295,437 833,019
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 489,292 839,894 1,178,543 833,019
Transfer to Comp Absences Res 0 1,000 1,000 0
Loans 1,638,373 0 14,044,689 0
Total 2,127,665 840,894 15,224,232 833,019
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 325,209 106 (8,928,795) 0
Reprogrammed Revenue 0 (221,471) 0 0
Beginning Balance, July 1 1,152,123 1,477,332 10,149,152 (1) 1,220,357 Reserve for Encumbrances (1,255,967) (1,255,967) 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 221,365 0 1,220,357 1,220,357 The Housing Grant Fund accounts for housing grants received, including Community Development Block Grants, Home Investment Partnership Act Grants, and other Housing related grants. (1) Addition of $8.0 million in SB129 Affordable Housing Grant Funds previously not included in this fund.

HOUSING GRANT FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-25 Table of Contents 528
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

PEG Fees $ 134,240 125,000 119,000 109,000
Total 134,240 125,000 119,000 109,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 202,252 195,000 147,000 195,000
Total 202,252 195,000 147,000 195,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (68,012) (70,000) (28,000) (86,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 824,731 756,719 756,719 728,719 Reserve for Encumbrances 0 0 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 756,719 686,719 728,719 642,719 Ordinance No. 4.08, adopted on May 13, 2008 amended Chapter 37 of the Mountain View City Code relating to Cable Television franchise regulations in its entirety. Public, Education and Government (PEG) fees collected by the cable providers are restricted for PEG channel support and are not for general use by the City. The City passes a portion of these funds through to the non-profit KMVT for government and public access television services per contractual agreement.

CABLE TELEVISION FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-26 Table of Contents 529
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Property Taxes $ 73,235,256 75,114,900 60,978,600 68,818,800 Investment Earnings 6,423,105 6,322,000 7,175,800 7,584,000 Invest Earn on Dev Imp Fees 846,614 909,000 930,000 998,000 Rents & Leases 441,125 268,000 475,000 224,000
Other Revenues 133,402 112,000 166,400 127,000
Capital Projects Refunds 2,086,546 0 0 0
Bond Proceeds and Interest 2,782,492 0 1,700,000 0
Total 85,948,540 82,725,900 71,425,800 77,751,800
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Operations 7,468,608 28,276,863 26,846,189 17,872,334
Intergovernmental Payments 18,580,797 19,103,000 18,673,599 16,510,000 Capital Projects 23,780,000 25,747,000 52,512,859 5,415,000 Capital Projects from Bond Proceeds 850,000 0 0 0
General Fund Administration 8,117,800 8,199,000 12,299,370 16,399,700 Water Fund Administration 67,100 67,800 67,800 125,100
2018 Revenue Bonds 3,611,501 3,981,255 3,981,255 3,981,401 2022 Refund Bonds 1,835,947 1,846,806 1,846,806 1,846,283 Self Insurance 213,480 308,900 308,900 263,160
Retirees' Health Unfunded Liability 2,800,000 0 0 0
Transfer to Comp Absences Res 48,000 89,000 89,000 82,000 Transfer to Equip Replace Res 79,400 78,200 78,200 103,700 Transfer to Liability Fund 200,000 0 0 0
Total 67,652,633 87,697,824 116,703,978 62,598,678
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses 18,295,907 (4,971,924) (45,278,178) 15,153,122 Beginning Balance, July 1 111,290,383 129,586,290 129,586,290 84,308,112 General Reserve (5,900,000) (10,700,000) (10,700,000) (10,200,000) Site Contamination Reserve (5,000,000) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) Commitment for AWPS Project (22,000,000) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) 0 Reserve for CIP (10,000,000) (10,236,000) (10,236,000) (15,279,000) Reserve for Bond Proceeds (6,809,458) (6,809,458) (8,509,458) (8,509,458) Reserve for Landfill (13,000,000) (14,000,000) (13,700,000) (14,700,000) Reserve for Sea Level Rise (18,875,000) (13,210,000) (13,210,000) (19,210,000) Reserve for Dev Impact Fees (4,639,809) (5,548,809) (5,569,809) (6,567,809) Reserve for Encumbrances (430,452) (430,452) 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 42,931,571 53,679,647 12,382,845 19,994,967 The Mountain View Shoreline Regional Park Community (Shoreline Community) Special District was formed in 1969. Tax increment derived on the difference between the frozen base year value (in 1977) and the current fiscal year assessed value and other revenues generated from the activities of the Shoreline Community are to be utilized to develop and support the Shoreline Community and surrounding North Bayshore Area. Reserves are for general purposes, a catastrophic landfill event, funding sea level rise infrastructure improvements, and tracking of development impact fees.

Assessed values are as follows (in thousands):

Total Assessed Value
Frozen Base Tax Increment Value
Actual 2024-25 7,250,206$ $33,888 $7,216,318
Actual 2025-26 6,558,685$ $33,888 $6,524,797
Recommended 2026-27 6,618,189$ $33,888 $6,584,301

SHORELINE REGIONAL PARK COMMUNITY FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-27 Table of Contents 530
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 35,042 37,000 42,000 45,000
Existing Facilities & Front Footage 1,777 10,000 13,594 10,000 Capital Projects Refunds 101,000 0 0 0
Total 137,819 47,000 55,594 55,000
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Capital Projects 261,000 50,000 50,000 155,000
Total 261,000 50,000 50,000 155,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (123,181) (3,000) 5,594 (100,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 278,443 155,262 155,262 160,856 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 155,262 152,262 160,856 60,856 The Storm Drain Construction Fund revenues are derived from off-site drainage fees authorized by Mountain View Code Section 28.51. These revenues are restricted for storm drain projects in the Capital Improvement Program.

Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances

STORM DRAIN CONSTRUCTION FUND
5-28 Table of Contents 531
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 2,287,437 2,367,000 2,300,000 2,469,000 Construction Fees* (276) [1] 0 0 0
Rents & Leases 673,426 169,440 684,800 711,600
Capital Projects Refunds 4,308,122 0 0 0
Total 7,268,709 2,536,440 2,984,800 3,180,600
Expenditures and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 6,012,305 0 0 0
Capital Projects 6,201,869 15,855,000 16,155,000 2,256,000 Total 12,214,174 15,855,000 16,155,000 2,256,000
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenditures and Uses (4,945,465) (13,318,560) (13,170,200) 924,600 Beginning Balance, July 1 49,677,699 44,732,234 44,732,234 31,562,034 Reserve for Encumbrances (2,674) (2,674) 0 0
Committed for Future CIP's** (5,592,547) (5,592,547) (5,592,547) (5,592,547) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 39,137,013 25,818,453 25,969,487 26,894,087 The Park Land Dedication Fund revenues are derived from fees authorized by Chapter 41 of the Mountain View City Code.

These revenues are restricted for expenditures for park and recreation projects. Effective in Fiscal Year 1997-98, fees are approved and committed by City Council after receipt.
* As this fee is dependent upon subdivision and single lot development, future construction fee revenues are not projected or budgeted in advance.
** The Five-Year CIP identifies future projects which funds have not yet been committed, and are not included in this amount.

Note 1: Negative amount in the Construction Fees for Fiscal Year 2024-25, resulting from a fee refund that was received in the previous year.

PARK LAND DEDICATION FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
5-29 Table of Contents 532
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 1,743,655 1,507,000 1,842,054 1,789,000 Invest Earn on Cap/Dev Imp Fees 596,042 0 577,291 0
Intergovernmental 0 0 0 0
Water Sales 43,833,414 45,962,000 44,630,142 47,308,000 Recycled Water Sales 1,730,422 1,759,000 1,926,474 2,040,000 Capacity/Development Impact Fees 62,868 0 831,393 0
Other Revenues 1,453,040 500,000 1,229,800 500,000
Interfund Revenues 834,100 842,400 842,400 1,939,200
Total 50,253,541 50,570,400 51,879,554 53,576,200

Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Operations 10,714,011 12,540,464 11,847,872 13,500,683
Water Purchased 25,461,047 30,644,983 26,778,966 29,120,000 Capital Projects 4,770,000 6,169,000 7,169,000 14,989,000 Capital Projects from Fees (1,241,000) 0 0 0
General Fund Administration 1,482,370 1,491,770 1,491,770 2,178,900 Depreciation 5,480,210 5,377,000 5,480,200 5,481,000
2004 Water Revenue Bonds 629,966 631,250 630,575 632,625 Recycled Water System Loan Repymt 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 Self Insurance 324,350 415,280 415,280 335,060
Transfer to Graham School Site Maint Res 220,000 220,000 220,000 220,000 Transfer to Equip Replace Res 127,700 209,400 209,400 263,700 Total 48,268,654 57,999,147 54,543,063 67,020,968

Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses 1,984,887 (7,428,747) (2,663,509) (13,444,768) Net Change In Non Current Assets 6,780,012 5,377,000 5,480,200 5,480,200 Beginning Balance, July 1 40,346,458 49,111,357 49,111,357 51,928,048 Reserve for Capacity/Dev Impact Fees (10,552,981) (10,552,981) (11,961,665) (11,961,665) Reserve for Minimum Water Purchase (5,000,000) (5,000,000) 0 0 Reserve (14,336,104) (15,052,474) (15,052,474) (16,816,586) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 19,222,272 16,454,155 24,913,909 15,185,229 The Water Fund accounts for the cost, operation and maintenance of all facilities required to supply, distribute and meter the water used by consumers in the City's service area. Separate reserves are used to account for the capacity and development impact fees collected to fund capital projects and for the required minimum water purchase. A general Reserve is used for emergencies, contingencies and rate stabilization.

WATER FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-30 Table of Contents 533
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Hazardous Materials Permits $ 801,709 500,000 790,000 500,000 Investment Earnings 1,853,903 1,478,400 2,198,368 2,340,500 Invest Earn on Cap/Dev Imp Fees 550,031 0 540,769 0
Intergovernmental 0 0 0 0
Wastewater Charges 34,151,597 36,734,900 36,520,915 38,894,800 Capacity/Development Impact Fees 45,094 0 852,069 0
Loan Proceeds and Interest 0 0 0 0
Other Revenues 703,239 34,000 231,800 34,000
Interfund Revenues and Transfers 0 0 0 0
Total 38,105,573 38,747,300 41,133,921 41,769,300
Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Operations 6,573,929 8,005,994 7,392,619 8,406,830
Water Quality Control Plant 17,055,194 18,436,840 20,197,152 20,033,986 Capital Projects 12,486,000 1,811,000 1,811,000 5,645,000 Capital Projects from Fees 7,892,000 (673,000) (673,000) 778,000 Capital Projects from Loan Proceeds 0 0 0 0
General Fund Administration 1,279,430 1,289,130 1,289,130 1,500,500 Water Fund Administration 374,400 378,100 378,100 907,900 Depreciation 3,669,968 3,941,100 3,670,000 3,670,000
2018 Bank Loan 850,165 852,731 852,731 852,824
Self Insurance 187,910 240,590 240,590 194,120
Transfer to Equip Replace Res 142,500 232,700 232,700 319,700 Transfer to Self Insurance 0 0 0 0
Total 50,511,496 34,515,185 35,391,022 42,308,860
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses (12,405,923) 4,232,115 5,742,899 (539,560) Net Change In Non Current Assets 3,645,441 3,941,100 3,670,000 3,670,000 Beginning Balance, July 1 55,538,200 46,777,718 46,777,718 56,190,617 Reserve for Capacity/Dev Impact Fees (2,685,319) (3,358,319) (4,751,157) (3,973,157) Reserve for Treatment Plant (20,504,187) (21,096,033) (20,116,577) (21,609,077) Reserve for Loan Proceeds (264,815) (264,815) (264,815) (264,815) Reserve (9,925,057) (10,035,839) (10,035,839) (11,055,509) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 13,398,340 20,195,927 21,022,229 22,418,499

WASTEWATER FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-31 Table of Contents 534
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 667,565 528,400 661,092 743,400
Intergovernmental 152,097 135,000 103,112 135,000
Waste Disposal Charges 16,689,760 17,974,000 17,671,429 18,760,000 Other Revenues 32,011 8,000 111,330 8,000
City Revenues 17,541,433 18,645,400 18,546,963 19,646,400 Recology Revenues 21,223,347 22,202,000 22,496,459 22,821,000 Total 38,764,780 40,847,400 41,043,422 42,467,400
Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Operations 5,684,313 5,962,205 5,930,044 6,464,424
Disposal 10,125,282 12,381,761 14,487,161 11,275,500
Capital Projects 300,000 928,000 928,000 537,000
General Fund Administration 566,300 572,000 572,000 1,100,400 Water Fund Administration 351,400 354,900 354,900 906,200 Depreciation 460,101 458,600 460,100 460,100
Self Insurance 131,540 168,410 168,410 135,880
Transfer to Equip Replace Res 104,300 190,600 190,600 262,700 City Expenditures 17,723,236 21,016,476 23,091,215 21,142,204 Payments to Recology 21,223,347 22,202,000 22,496,459 22,821,000 Total 38,946,583 43,218,476 45,587,674 43,963,204
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses (181,803) (2,371,076) (4,544,252) (1,495,804) Net Change In Non Current Assets 65,574 458,600 460,100 460,100 Beginning Balance, July 1 20,298,175 20,181,946 20,181,946 16,097,794 Reserve for Future Facility Equipment (4,000,000) (4,000,000) 0 0 Reserve (4,882,987) (4,902,719) (4,902,719) (5,031,276) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 11,298,959 9,366,751 11,195,075 10,030,814 The Solid Waste Management Fund accounts for the collection, transportation, recycling and disposal services of the City. It also funds two of the City's landfill post closure maintenance activities. Revenues for payments to Recology are included for informational purposes only; a budget is not adopted for Recology. The Reserve for Future Facility Equipment was established in Fiscal Year 2017-18 for potential future obligations for facility equipment. It was anticipated to be used during Fiscal Year 2024-25 to pay down the City's share of obligation of new equipment, reducing future debt service, but the project is delayed.

A general reserve is used for emergencies, contingencies, rate stabilization and required Financial Assurance Mechanisms (FAMs) if applicable.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-32 Table of Contents 535
µ]š
 }‰š
 Z
}uX
šµo µP
š
š]uš
 µP
š
îìîðrîñ îìîñrîò îìîñrîò îìîòrîó
Z
À
vµ
v^}µŒ
}(&µvW
/vÀ
šu
vš
Œv]vP ¨ íUíìôUìõò íUíõìUììì õôìUðìì ôòìUììì
/vš
Œ(µv^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
 ïUîðòUóóó ïUõííUììì ïUñíõUõìì ðUîôòUñìì
KšZ
ŒZ
À
vµ
 îìíUîðõ ì îîïUíõñ ì
/vš
ŒP}À
Œvu
všo õõUìíî ì ì ì
dŒv(
Œ(Œ}u'
v
ŒoK‰
Œ&µv íUïôðUôìì ì ì ì
dŒv(
Œ(Œ}uKšZ
Œ'
v
Œo&µv ñòUðìì ñòUòìì ñòUòìì óìUïìì
dŒv(
Œ(Œ}uKšZ
Œ&µv ññôUôìì ôîõUðìì ôîõUðìì íUíìíUôìì
d}šo òUòññUíïð ñUõôóUììì ñUòìõUðõñ òUïíôUòìì

Ɖ
v
vh
}(&µvW
K‰
Œš]}v ïUíôòUíòì ïUñíôUññì ïUïõïUñïó ïUñõðUõóð

‹µ]‰u
všWµŒZ
 óUîíðUõõð ñUïììUñòï õUõïóUôõï ñUññìUñìì
‰]šoWŒ}i
š ì ì ì ì
tš
Œ&µvu]v]šŒš]}v ðíUîìì ðíUòìì ðíUòìì ì
^
o(/vµŒv
óóUòíì õõUïôì õõUïôì ôìUíôì
dŒv(
Œš}
‹µ]‰Z
‰o
Z
 îîUóìì îîUðìì ì îóUóìì
d}šo íìUñðîUòòð ôUõôîUðõï íïUðóîUðíì õUîñïUïñð Z
À
vµ
v^}µŒ
KÀ
Œ~hv
Œ

Ɖ
v
vh
  ~ïUôôóUñïì ~îUõõñUðõï ~óUôòîUõíñ ~îUõïðUóñð
E
šZvP
/vE}vµŒŒ
vš
š ~îðUñõó ì ì ì

P]vv]vPov
U:µoÇí ïíUñîîUììò îóUòìõUôóõ îóUòìõUôóõ íõUóðòUõòð Z

ŒÀ
(}Œ
vµuŒv
 ~òUîõóUðõí ~òUîõóUðõí ì ì
Z

ŒÀ
(}Œ
‹µ]‰u
všZ
‰o
u
vš ~îíUíòïUñïð ~íóUõïôUõóí ~íõUñôìUñïô ~íòUìòîUíïô

v]vPov
U:µv
ïì ¨ íðôUôñð  ïóóUõîð íòòUðîò óñìUìóî
dZ
‰µŒ‰}
}(šZ](µv]š}}µvš(}Œ
všŒo]Ì
(o

šu]vš
vv
}švš}ZŒP
‰Œ}‰}Œš]}vš
ZŒ
š}oo
(µvµš]o]Ì]vPu]vš
vv

ŒÀ]
X/v]š]}vUšZ](µv}µvš(}Œ
Œš]v
‹µ]‰u
všŒ
‰o
u
všŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
vš
}(šZ
]šÇX

Yh/WD
EdD/Ed
EE
EZ
W>
D
Ed&hE
^šš
u
vš}(Z
À
vµ
U
Ɖ
v
vov

5-33 Table of Contents 536
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 363,283 401,000 407,200 436,000
Interfund Service Charges 2,599,694 3,000,000 2,521,916 4,570,514 Other Revenues 21,049 0 0 0
Transfer from Other General Funds 0 0 0 1,000,000
Total 2,984,026 3,401,000 2,929,116 6,006,514
Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Operating Expenses 3,689,044 4,754,500 3,306,502 4,873,500 Total 3,689,044 4,754,500 3,306,502 4,873,500
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses (705,018) (1,353,500) (377,386) 1,133,014 Beginning Balance, July 1 13,208,874 12,503,856 12,503,856 12,126,470 Reserve for Future Claims (12,004,252) (12,004,252) (12,087,458) (12,087,458) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 499,604 (853,896) 39,012 1,172,026 The City implemented a self-insurance program for Workers' Compensation benefits on September 7, 1975 as authorized Council Resolution No. 10581. This program provides for State mandated insurance benefits (salary and medical costs) fo employees who are injured on the job.

This fund accounts for current operating expenditures, future costs of previously incurred injury claims and reserves for catastrophic losses. This fund also provides for the administration of safety and loss prevention programs throughout the City to reduce the probability of incurring future catastrophic claims against the City. The City is self-insured for $750,000 and has purchased Workers Compensation Excess Insurance above this limit.

WORKERS' COMPENSATION SELF-INSURANCE FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-34 Table of Contents 537
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 19,467 21,000 21,000 23,000
Interfund Service Charges 0 0 0 0
Total 19,467 21,000 21,000 23,000
Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 20,581 27,250 46,000 52,250
Total 20,581 27,250 46,000 52,250
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses (1,114) (6,250) (25,000) (29,250)
Beginning Balance, July 1 618,218 617,104 617,104 592,104 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 617,104 610,854 592,104 562,854 The City implemented a self-insurance program for unemployment benefits on March 13, 1978 as authorized by Council Resolution No. 11975. This program provides for State and Federal mandated unemployment insurance benefits for employees separated from service with the City.

UNEMPLOYMENT SELF-INSURANCE FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-35 Table of Contents 538
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 106,331 68,000 79,200 112,000
Other Revenues 348,011 35,000 7,924 35,000
Interfund Service Charges 5,620,900 7,301,458 7,301, 458 5,937,458 Transfer from General Fund 0 0 0 0
Transfer from Wastewater Fund 0 0 0 0
Transfer from Shoreline Fund 200,000 0 0 0
Total 6,275,242 7,404,458 7,388,582 6,084,458
Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 5,746,689 7,204,458 9,029,250 7,584,458
Total 5,746,689 7,204,458 9,029,250 7,584,458
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses 528,553 200,000 (1,640,668) (1,500, 000) Beginning Balance, July 1 5,628,562 6,157,115 6,157,115 4,516,447 Reserve for Future Claims (1,030,953) (1,030,953) (957 ,670) (957,670) Ending Balance, June 30 $ 5,126,162 5,326,162 3,558,7 77 2,058,777 On August 11, 1980, Council approved a self-insurance program for liability insurance effective September 1, 1980. Existing provisions include claims approval authority to $100,000 and any claims exceeding $100,000 require City Council approval.

The City acts as its own agent and controls risk to limit liability loss exposure. The reserve shall be maintained at 70% confidence level for the project liabilities as determined by an actuarial valuation to be conducted a t least once every three years (Financial and Budgetary Policy A-11). Other insurance such as property, flood, earthquake (essential buildings) and other coverages are not self-insured as the City purchases insurance policies.

LIABILITY INSURANCE FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-36 Table of Contents 539
µ]š
 }‰š
 Z
}uX
šµo µP
š
š]uš
 µP
š
îìîðrîñ îìîñrîò îìîñrîò îìîòrîó
Z
À
vµ
v^}µŒ
}(&µvW
/vÀ
šu
vš
Œv]vP ¨ íðUôíî ì ì ì
KšZ
ŒZ
À
vµ
 ñõïUìôò ì íìUîñó ì
/vš
Œ(µv^
ŒÀ]
ZŒP
 ðUïîóUîñô ðUñõõUðóî ðUñõõUðóî ïUîòðUñôì
dŒv(
Œ(Œ}u^Z}Œ
o]v
}uuµv]šÇ îUôììUììì ì ì ì

Zdt]šZŒÁo íUòòõUòðî îUïóõUôôô îUííñUììì ðUíóòUìïì
d}šo õUðìðUóõô òUõóõUïòì òUóîðUóîõ óUððìUòíì

Ɖ
v
vh
}(&µvW

Ɖ
v]šµŒ
 òUñïîUòõñ óUììõUïòì òUõðîUõñõ óUððìUòíì
dŒv(
Œš}
À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
 îUôììUììì ì ì ì
dŒv(
Œš}tš
Áš
Œ&µv ì ì ì ì
d}šo õUïïîUòõñ óUììõUïòì òUõðîUõñõ óUððìUòíì
Z
À
vµ
v^}µŒ
KÀ
Œ~hv
Œ

Ɖ
v
vh
  óîUíìï ~ïìUììì ~îíôUîïì ì

P]vv]vPov
U:µoÇí ðîòUõîñ ðõõUìîô ðõõUìîô îôìUóõô

v]vPov
U:µv
ïì ¨ ðõõUìîô ðòõUìîô îôìUóõô îôìUóõô
ov
]v
Zd ¨ íôíUðïñUõñî íóõUìñòUìòð íõïUðîìUìíó íôõUîðïUõôó
dZ](µvÁ
šo]Z
]v&]oz
Œíõôñrôò
o(r]vµŒv
(µvš}‰ÇšZ
Z
ošZ]vµŒv
‰Œ
u]µu}(

u‰o}Ç

Œ
š]Œ
(Œ}ušZ
]šÇX'}À
Œvu
všo}µvš]vP^švŒ}Œ~'^]µ
^šš
u
všE}XðñUÁZ]ZŒ
‹µ]Œ

všµŒ]oÀoµš]}v
‰
Œ(}Œu
]r
vv]ooÇš}oµoš
šZ
]šÇ–}šZ
Œ‰}š
u‰o}Çu
vš
v
(]š~KW
o]]o]š]
XdZ

]šÇ]u‰o
u
vš
'^^šš
u
všE}Xðñ]v&]oz
ŒîììórìôvZZ}
vš}µP
ššZ
šµŒ]ooÇ
š
Œu]v

}všŒ]µš]}v~X'^^šš
u
všE}XóñU}µvš]vPv&]vv]oZ
‰}Œš]vPÇ
u‰o}Ç
Œ(}ŒW}šr
u‰o}Çu
vš
v
(]š
KšZ
ŒšZvW
v]}v U]
((
š]À
Á]šZšZ
(]oÇ
Œ
v]vP:µv
ïìUîìíôXdZ
v
ÁKW
švŒ‰Œoo
ošZ
‰
v]}v
švŒ]µ
Á]šZ'^^šš
u
všE}XòôU&]vv]oZ
‰}Œš]vP(}ŒW
v]}vWov UÁZ]Z

vš]ooÇŒ
‹µ]Œ
šZ
]šÇš}
Œ
‰}ŒššZ
µv(µv
o]]o]šÇ}všZ
(
}(šZ
]šÇ–(]vv]ošš
u
všv
vZv
šZ
v}š
]o}µŒ
vŒ
‹µ]Œ

µ‰‰o
u
všŒÇ]v(}Œuš]}v}µššZ
]šÇ–KW
o]]o]šÇXdZ
u}šŒ

vššµŒ]oÀoµš]}v
š]uš
o]]o]šÇ}(¨íôìXñ
u]oo]}v}(:µv
ïìUîìîòX
Kv&
ŒµŒÇîòUîììô}µv]o‰‰Œ}À
i}]v]vPšZ
o](}Œv]
u‰o}Ç
ŒZ
š]Œ


v
(]šdŒµš~
ZdUuvP
ÇšZ

o](}Œv]Wµo]
u‰o}Ç

Z
š]Œ
u
vš^ǐš
u~oW
Z^všZ
]šÇ
PvšŒv(
ŒŒ]vP(µv]v&]oz
Œîììôrìõv
]vš
vš}Ušu]v]uµuUvvµooÇšŒv(
ŒšZ
o
Z
š]Œ

–,
ošZ‰Œ
u]µuX
Z
d/Z

^–,
>d,/E^hZE
&hE
^šš
u
vš}(Z
À
vµ
U
Ɖ
v
vov

5-37 Table of Contents 540
Audited Adopted Recom.

Actual Budget Estimated Budget
2024-25 2025-26 2025-26 2026-27
Revenues and Sources of Funds:

Investment Earnings $ 16,507 17,000 18,000 19,000
Other Revenues 1,675 0 0 0
Interfund Service Charges 37,081 46,300 35,000 46,200
Total 55,263 63,300 53,000 65,200
Expenses and Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 56,807 114,500 62,000 169,500
Total 56,807 114,500 62,000 169,500
Revenues and Sources Over (Under)
Expenses and Uses (1,544) (51,200) (9,000) (104,300)
Beginning Balance, July 1 514,351 512,807 512,807 503,807 Ending Balance, June 30 $ 512,807 461,607 503,807 399,507 The Employee Benefits Self-Insurance Fund accounts for the City's self-insured vision and other miscellaneous benefits.

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SELF-INSURANCE FUND
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Balances
5-38 Table of Contents 541

^‰
]o 
š ‰]šo /vš
Œvo
'
v
Œo Z
À
vµ
^
ŒÀ]
WŒ}i
š
vš
Œ‰Œ]
^
ŒÀ]
Z

ŒÀ

yW
E/dhZ
^ &µv~í &µv &µv &µv &µv &µv &µv dKd>
'
v
Œo&µv~í ¨ì îUïìõUôìì ì ïUïðõUììì ì óìUïìì îíUñíôUïìì ¨îóUîðóUðìì ^‰
]oZ
À
vµ
&µv íUòóïUôìì íñìUììì ñUôîóUòôð ïñUðôïUììì ì îîóUõìì íìîUììì ðïUðòðUïôð 
‰]šoWŒ}i
š&µv ì ì ì îUðííUììì ì ì ì îUðííUììì


vš
Œ‰Œ]
&µv ì ì íUðôñUððõ îíUíóíUììì ì ôðòUíìì îîìUììì îïUóîîUñðõ /vš
Œvo^
ŒÀ]
&µv ì ì ì ì ì îóUóìì ì îóUóìì
Z

ŒÀ
&µv îUïììUììì ì ôUíììUîïô òUîôôUñìì ì ì îUõíòUììì íõUòìðUóïô dKd> ¨ïUõóïUôìì îUðñõUôìì íñUðíïUïóí òôUóìîUñìì ì íUíóîUììì îðUóñòUïìì ¨ííòUðóóUóóí ~í'
v
Œo&µv]voµ
šZ
'
v
ŒoK‰
Œš]vP&µvU
À
o}‰u
vš^
ŒÀ]
&µvUvšZ
}vÀ
Çv
dÆ&µvX
Z
s
Eh
^
Z
KDD
E
îìîòrîóh'
dr^,
h>
K&/Ed
Z&hEdZE^&
Z^
5-39 Table of Contents 542

Unassigned
Graham
General Non- Budget Earned Lease Propert y School
Operating General Fund Contingenc y Revenue Management Site Maint Fund Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve
Revenues & Sources of Funds:

GOF Balance $ 149,766 0 0 0 0 0
Revenue 1,207,147 0 0 580,900 0 0
Transfers 0 2,300,000 0 0 0 220,000
Investment Earnings 0 0 0 1,129,941 0 0
Total 1,356,913 2,300,000 0 1,710,841 0 220,000
Expenditures & Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 9,481,972 0 0 0 150,000 250,000
Debt Service 0 0 0 0 0 0
CIP 416,500 0 0 0 0 0
Transfers 5,216,000 0 0 0 0 0
Total 15,114,472 0 0 0 150,000 250,000

14,152,625
Revenues & Sources
Over (Under)
Expenditures & Uses (13,757,559) 2,300,000 0 1,710,841 (150,000) (30,000) Beginning Balance, July 1 26,764,076 39,188,514 3,108,588 8,918,561 1,390,075 254,385 Reserves (3,777,423) (2) 0 0 (248,640) (3) 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 $ 9,229,094 41,488,514 3,108,588 10,380,762 (3) 1,240,075 224,385 31,695,897
(1)
• Restricted - Constraints on expenditures are externally imposed by creditors, grantors, or laws/regulations of other governments or by enabling legislation.
• Committed - Formal action by the City Council (Council) places the constraint on how the funds can be spent and may only be altered by the same type of Council action. Contractual obligations are included in this category. • Assigned - The City's intent to use funds for a specific purpose as expressed by Council or a delegated authority. • Unassigned - This is the residual classification for the General Fund. (2) The reserved amount includes $2.7 million possible repayment of Excess ERAF. (3)
RECOMMENDED 2026-27 BUDGET - GENERAL FUND RESERVES (1)
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances
Committed
The reserved amount includes accumulated interest on a $2.0 million employee loan issued in Fiscal Year 2020-21. Upon full repayment of the loan, the principal and interest will be transferred to the Employee Loan Reserve.

Governmental fund balances are reported based on the reporting hierarchy established by GASB Statement No. 54 (Fund Balance Reporting and Governmental Fund Type Definitions) that is based on the extent to which the City is bound to honor constraints on the specific purpose for which amounts in a fund can be spent. 5-40 Table of Contents 543

Strategic
Capital Open Space Propert y Child Care
Transportation Improvemen t Acquisition Acquisition Commitmen t Compensated Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Absences (2)
Revenues & Sources of Funds:

GOF Balance 0 0 0 0 0 0
Revenue 0 53,317 0 108,900 0 0
Transfers 4,550,400 1,952,000 2,460,000 0 0 2,166,000
Investment Earnings 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4,550,400 2,005,317 2,460,000 108,900 0 2,166,000 Expenditures & Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 3,600,000 0 0 833,800 0 0
Debt Service 0 0 0 0 0 0
CIP (1,100,000) 6,972,000 0 0 0 0
Transfers 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 2,500,000 6,972,000 0 833,800 0 0

Revenues & Sources
Over (Under)
Expenditures & Uses 2,050,400 (4,966,683) 2,460,000 (724,900) 0 2,166,000 Beginning Balance, July 1 8,809,979 13,236,756 2,520,607 22,858,154 8,836 8,176,408

Reserves 0 (7,603,653) (3) 0 0 0 0
Ending Balance, June 30 10,860,379 666,420 4,980,607 22,133,254 8,836 10,342,408 8,802,093
(1)
• Restricted - Constraints on expenditures are externally imposed by creditors, grantors, or laws/regulations of other governments or by enabling legislation.
• Committed - Formal action by the City Council (Council) places the constraint on how the funds can be spent and may only be altered by the same type of Council action. Contractual obligations are included in this category. • Assigned - The City's intent to use funds for a specific purpose as expressed by Council or a delegated authority. • Unassigned - This is the residual classification for the General Fund. (2) Appropriations for Compensated Absences Reserve are on an as needed basis up to the amount of the balance. (3)
RECOMMENDED 2026-27 BUDGET - GENERAL FUND RESERVES (1)
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances (continued) Comprised of a $5.0 million reserve policy balance and $2.6 million prepaid lease for the Downtown Family Housing project.

Committed
Governmental fund balances are reported based on the reporting hierarchy established by GASB Statement No. 54 (Fund Balance Reporting and Governmental Fund Type Definitions) that is based on the extent to which the City is bound to honor constraints on the specific purpose for which amounts in a fund can be spent. 5-41 Table of Contents 544

Parental Employee Public Safety Economic
Leave Loan Buildin g Minor Estate Vitalit y
Reserve Reserve Reserve Trust Reserve Total
Revenues & Sources of Funds:

GOF Balance 0 0 0 0 0 149,766
Revenue 0 0 0 0 0 1,950,264
Transfers 1,100,000 0 11,207,900 0 100,000 26,056,300
Investment Earnings 0 253,354 1,153,000 0 0 2,536,295
Total 1,100,000 253,354 12,360,900 0 100,000 30,692,625 Expenditures & Uses of Funds:

Expenditures 1,000,000 4,960,076 0 22,186 0 20,298,034
Debt Service 0 0 8,100,238 0 0 8,100,238
CIP 0 0 0 0 0 6,288,500
Transfers 0 0 0 0 0 5,216,000
Total 1,000,000 4,960,076 8,100,238 22,186 0 39,902,772

Revenues & Sources
Over (Under)
Expenditures & Uses 100,000 (4,706,722) 4,260,662 (22,186) 100,000 (9,210,147) Beginning Balance, July 1 1,714,175 4,706,722 163,681,741 455,261 0 305,792,838 Reserves 0 0 0 (433,075) (2) 0 (12,062,791)
Ending Balance, June 30 1,814,175 0 167,942,403 0 100,000 284,519,900 (1)
• Restricted - Constraints on expenditures are externally imposed by creditors, grantors, or laws/regulations of other governments or by enabling legislation.
• Committed - Formal action by the City Council (Council) places the constraint on how the funds can be spent and may only be altered by the same type of Council action. Contractual obligations are included in this category. • Assigned - The City's intent to use funds for a specific purpose as expressed by Council or a delegated authority. • Unassigned - This is the residual classification for the General Fund. (2) Minor Estate Trust Fund was established in 2016 when the Minor family donated $400,000 endowment from the Minor Estate that allows the Library Director to spend up to 75% of the annual interest earned for augmenting library collections and programs.

Please refer to Miscellaneous Information Section, Financial & Budgetary Policy for information on the reserve requirements Governmental fund balances are reported based on the reporting hierarchy established by GASB Statement No. 54 (Fund Balance Reporting and Governmental Fund Type Definitions) that is based on the extent to which the City is bound to honor constraints on the specific purpose for which amounts in a fund can be spent.

RECOMMENDED 2026-27 BUDGET - GENERAL FUND RESERVES (1)
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Balances (continued) Committed
5-42 Table of Contents 545
W/d>
/DWZKs
D
Ed
WZK:
d^

Table of Contents 546
Z
KDD
E
&/^>z
Zîìîòrîó
W/d>/DWZKs
D
EdWZK'ZD
‰]šo /u‰Œ}À
u
vš WŒ}PŒu ~/W ‰Œ}i
š ]voµ
U µš Œ
 v}š o]u]š
 š}U (]o]š]
Uu}]o]šÇrŒ
oš

]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
U‰Œl
À
o}‰u
všlŒ
Z]o]šš]}vUvµš]o]š]
‰Œ}i
šXdZ

‰Œ}i
šŒ
µµooÇuµoš]r
Ç
ŒvUšZµU
ƚ
v
Ç}všZ
vvµoµP
šX
dZ

u‰Z](}ŒšZ
&]oz
Œîìîòrîó/W]}všZ
W
‡ Z
À]
ÁU Œ
(]v
u
vš v (µv]vP }( &]o z
Œ îìîòrîó ‰Œ}i
š ]
vš](]
 ]v šZ
 &]À
rz
Œ /W
}‰š
ÇšZ
]šÇ}µv]o(}Œ&]oz
ŒîìîñrîòX
Wovv
&]oz
ŒîìîòrîóšZŒ}µPZîìîõrïì/WW
Zšš‰WllÁÁÁXu}µvš]vÀ]
ÁXP}ÀlZ}u
lZ}Á‰µo]Z
}µu
všlíîïïïlòïôõòìñòòðìóõïìììì
‡ /
vš](]š]}v v (µv]vP }( ]š]}vo v
Á ‰Œ}i
š (}Œ & ]o z
Œ îìîòrîó  Á
oo 
u
vu
všš}š]À
‰Œ}i
šP]À
vvš]]‰š
(]vv]ovš((]vPŒ
}µŒ
šZšW
R ^µ‰‰}Œšv]u‰o
u
vš]šÇ}µv]o^šŒš
P]WŒ]}Œ]š]
vÁ}Œl‰ov‰Œ}i
šV
R
vZv
‰µo]v‰
Œ}vv
o(
šÇV
R }u‰oÇÁ]šZŒ
Pµoš}ŒÇŒ
‹µ]Œ
u
všV
R D]vš]v]šÇ(]o]š]
]všš
}(P}}Œ
‰]ŒV
R WŒ}À]
o}oušZ}Œ}šrZŒ
š}
µŒ
PŒvš}Œ}šZ
Œ(µv]vPV
R /u‰Œ}À
šZ
]šÇ[WÀ
u
vš}v]š]}v/v
Æ~W/Œš]vP~]voµ]vP]vš
PŒš]}v}(]Ço

v‰

šŒ]v]u‰Œ}À
u
všV
R 
v
(]švl}Œ}v}šµŒ
v}uuµv]š]
}(}o}Œvl}Œo}Ár]v}u
Œ
]
všX
dZ
/W ](µv
(Œ}u ÀŒ]
šÇ}( }µŒ
X ^}u
(µv]vP }µŒ
U µZ šZ
 ‰]šo /u‰Œ}À
u
vš
Z

ŒÀ
v}všŒµš]}vl}vÀ
Çv
dÆ~ldÆ&µvUZÀ
v}Œ
šŒ]š]}v}všZ
]Œµ
XKšZ
Œ/W
(µv]vP}µŒ
uµš
µ
(}Œ‰
](]‰µŒ‰}
~
XPXUtš
Œ&µvvÁš
ŒÇš
u]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
v
u]vš
vv
Vtš
Áš
Œ&µvv
Á
ŒÇš
u]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
vu]vš
vv
V^Z}Œ
o]v
Z
P]}voWŒl
}uuµv]šÇ ~^Z}Œ
o]v
 }uuµv]šÇ &µvv‰Œ}i
š šZš (]o]šš
 
À
o}‰u
vš ]v šZ
 ]šÇ– E}ŒšZ
ǐZ}Œ
 Œ
 vl}Œ µ‰‰}Œš ^Z}Œ
o]v
 Z
P]}vo WŒl }‰
Œš]}vV v ' dÆ &µvv
]Pv v
}všŒµš]}v}(Œ}ÁÇ]u‰Œ}À
u
všX
dZ
Œ
 Œ
 šÁ} šÇ‰
 }( ‰Œ}i
šW v}vr]Œ
š]}vŒÇ v ]Œ
š]}vŒÇX E}vr]Œ
š]}vŒÇ ‰Œ}i
š Œ

‰Œ]uŒ]oÇ vvµo v ‰
Œ]}] ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
 u]vš
vv
 ‰Œ}i
š š} ‰Œ

ŒÀ
 šZ
 ]šÇ[ ]Pv](]vš
]vÀ
šu
vš ]v ]š ]v(ŒšŒµšµŒ
 v (]o]š]
U v ‰Œ}i
š Œ
‹µ]Œ
 (}Œ Œ
Pµoš}ŒÇ }u‰o]v
X tZ]o

}µv]o v oš
Œ (µv]vPU šZ

 ‰Œ}i
š Œ
 P
v
ŒooÇ ‰‰Œ}À
 Á]šZ ZvP
 }v  }v]š
vš Ço

~vvµo}Œ]
vv]oÁ]šZuoo]v(oš]}vŒÇiµšu
všX]Œ
š]}vŒÇ‰Œ}i
šŒ
šZ}
šZš}v}š(]š
šZ
v}vr]Œ
š]}vŒÇ
Œ]‰š]}vvŒ
‹µ]Œ
‰‰Œ}Ào}(šZ
]šÇ}µv]oX
6-1 Table of Contents 547

dZ
 &]o z
Œ îìîòrîó /W] ov
 v u]vš]v oo (µv Œ

ŒÀ
  Œ
‹µ]Œ
 Ç }µv]o ‰}o]ÇX
dZ
Œ
Œ
v}(µšµŒ
}‰
Œš]vP}š}]š
Á]šZšZ]Ç
Œ[/W]Œ
š]}vŒÇ‰Œ}i
šX
 
WŒ}i
š ]voµ
 ]v šZ
 &]o z
Œ îìîòrîó WŒ}‰}
 /W Œ
 o]š
 }v šZ
 (}oo}Á]vP ‰P
 ]v šZŒ



‰Œš
š
P}Œ]
W~íE}vr]Œ
š]}vŒÇU~î]Œ
š]}vŒÇUv~ïu
vu
všš}
Æ]š]vPWŒ}i
šX

dZ

‰Œ}i
šÁ
Œ
]µ
ššZ
‰Œ]oíðUîìîò/W]šÇ}µv]o^šµÇ^
]}vvšZ
(}oo}Á]vP‰P

]voµ
ZvP
]Œ
š
Ç]šÇ}µv]oššZ
^šµÇ^
]}vXdZ
WŒlvZ
Œ
š]}v}uu]]}v
~WZ v šZ
 ]Ço
lW

šŒ]v À]}ŒÇ }uu]šš

 ~lW o} Œ
À]
Á
 šZ

 ‰Œ}i
š v Á
Œ

µ‰‰}Œš]À
}(šZ
‰Œ}i
švšZ
‰Œ}‰}
Z
µo]vPX


6-2 Table of Contents 548
Proj. Budget
No. Non-Discretionary Projects 2026-27
27-01 Annual Public Services Street Section Maintenance 613$ 27-02 Annual Maintenance Agreement for JPB/VTA Transit Center 72 27-03 Annual Shoreline Landfill Gas, Cap and Leachate Maintenance 537 27-04 Annual Water System Improvements and Recycled Water System Improvements 825 27-05 Annual Wastewater System Improvements 211
27-06 Annual Facilities Maintenance 944
27-07 Annual Planned and Emergency Facilities Projects 738 27-08 Annual New Energy Conservation Measures 125
27-09 Biennial ADA Improvements to City Facilities 113
27-10 Annual Traffic Infrastructure Maintenance/NTMP Improvements 756 27-11 Annual Parks Renovations/Improvements 391
27-12 Annual Forestry Maintenance Program and Street Tree Replanting 770 27-13 Biennial Good Neighbor Fence Replacements 46
27-14 Biennial Tennis Court Resurfacing 106
27-15 Biennial Turf and Bunker Improvements 742
27-16 Annual Developer Reimbursements 152
27-17 Annual North Bayshore Semi-Annual Traffic Counts 193 27-18 Annual Regional Public Safety 180
27-19 Annual Real Estate Technical and Legal Services 110 27-20 Annual Capital Improvement Program Development 84 27-21 Annual Information Technology Projects (1-5 Separate Projects Per Fiscal Year) 500 Total: Non-Discretionary Projects 8,208$
Recommended FY 2026-27 Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
6-3 Table of Contents 549
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
2026-27
Other (Reimbursement) 72$
Total 72$
Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-02
Shoreline Community 60$
Total 613$
Total 537$
Solid Waste 537$
Project 27-03
Annual Shoreline Landfill Gas, Cap and Leachate
Maintenance
Annual repairs and improvements to large components of
the landfill gas and leachate system. Regulatory mandates of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the Regional Water Quality Control Board require the City to protect the integrity of the landfill cap and prevent surface emissions by regrading, filling, recompacting, and making other improvements.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Regulatory Requirements
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
Project Manager: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-01
2026-27
Construction Tax $ 553 Project 27-01
Annual Public Services Street Section Maintenance
This project funds the pole replacement preventative
maintenance program (which is designed to replace poles based on a 40-year life cycle) as well as the street sign and pavement markings replacement and maintenance.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
27-03
2026-27
Project 27-02
Annual Maintenance Agreement for JPB/VTA Transit
Center
Reimbursement of City expenses by Joint Powers Board and Valley Transit Authority.
6-4 Table of Contents 550
Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
Shoreline Community 188$
Total 944$
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-06
2026-27
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 756$ Project 27-06
Annual Facilities Maintenance
Repair, replace, or maintain City facilities (HVAC, roofs, carpets, plumbing, painting, etc.).

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Facilities
Project Manager: Public Works
27-05
2026-27
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees) 211$
Total 211$
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees) 825$
Total 825$
Project 27-05
Annual Wastewater System Improvements
Unscheduled improvements/repairs to the City's
wastewater collection and pumping system.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Utilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Project Manager: Public Works
27-04
2026-27
Project 27-04
Annual Water System Improvements and Recycled Water
System Improvements
Scheduled replacement of water and recycled water system components and minor unscheduled improvements to the
City's water system.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Utilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Project Manager: Public Works
6-5 Table of Contents 551
Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
Construction Tax 113$
Total 113$
Project 27-09
Biennial ADA Improvements to City Facilities
Continuation of efforts to implement ADA improvements at City facilities.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-09
2026-27
Project Manager: Public Works
2026-27
Construction Tax 101$
Shoreline Community 24$
Total 125$
Total 738$
Project 27-08
Annual New Energy Conservation Measures
Fund energy conservation efforts in City facilities.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-08
Project Manager: Public Works
27-07
2026-27
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 590$ Shoreline Community 148$
Project 27-07
Annual Planned and Emergency Facilities Projects
Emergency and Planned Facilities Projects that are
currently not covered by xx-06, but are vital to the City's infrastructure.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Project Manager: Public Works
6-6 Table of Contents 552
Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-12
2026-27
Construction Tax 755$
2026-27
Construction Tax 391$
Total 391$
Project 27-12
Annual Forestry Maintenance Program and Street Tree
Replanting
Contract to prune, remove, stump, purchase and plant
approximately 800 to 1,000 medium to large trees within the City. Maintain trees damaged by freezing, disease, drought and other natural causes.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Project Manager: Community Services
Total 756$
Project 27-11
Annual Parks Renovations/Improvements
Annual Repairs and Improvements to City parks. In 2026- 27, add $90,000 ongoing in annual funding to support the Castro Pedestrian Mall's ongoing improvements,
operations, and maintenance.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-11
Project Manager: Community Services
27-10
2026-27
Construction Tax 681$
Shoreline Community 75$
Project 27-10
Annual Traffic Infrastructure Maintenance/NTMP
Improvements
Funding for traffic calming devices on neighborhood, local, and residential streets in conformance with the
Neighborhood Traffic Management Program, as well as
annual bicycle counts and contracts with consultant s
regarding improving traffic flow. Replace traffic signal controllers, traffic detector loops, back-up batteries, LED signal lights and radar speed signs.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Project Manager: Public Works
Shoreline Community 15$
Total 770$
6-7 Table of Contents 553
Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
Shoreline Community 742$
Total 742$
Total 106$
Project 27-15
Biennial Turf and Bunker Improvements
Biennial CIP for turf and bunker improvements that are
needed from continued settling of the landfill and wildlife habituating on and around the golf course. In 2026-27 add $390,000 in one time funding to replace the 15 outdated, analog irrigation controllers around Shoreline Golf Links with new digital controllers, and upgrade the antennae at the Shoreline Maintenance Facility.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-15
2026-27
Project Manager: Community Services
106$
2026-27
Construction Tax 46$
Total 46$
Project 27-14
Biennial Tennis Court Resurfacing
Periodic routine resurfacing of tennis courts at the
following parks: Cuesta, Rengstorff, Cooper, Stevenson, Sylvan and Whisman.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Project Manager: Community Services
Project 27-13
Biennial Good Neighbor Fence (GNF) Replacements
Funding to replace fencing between City parks and private property.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-13
Project Manager: Community Services
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-14
2026-27
Construction Tax
6-8 Table of Contents 554
Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources 2026-27
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 180$ Total 180$
Total 193$
Project 27-18
Annual Regional Public Safety
Conversion of the City’s Public Safety radio infrastructure in support of the Silicon Valley Regional Interoperability Authority’s (SVRIA’s) Regional Communications System
(RCS) project. Annual Project needed through 2030-31.

Project Sponsor: Police
Category: Miscellaneous
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-18
Project Manager: Police
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-17
2026-27
Shoreline Community 193$
Project 27-17
Annual North Bayshore Semi-Annual Traffic Counts
Perform traffic counts in the North Bayshore area to
support the Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
goals.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Project Manager: Public Works
Total 152$
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees) 38$
Shoreline Community 38$
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees) 38$
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-16
2026-27
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 38$ Project 27-16
Annual Developer Reimbursements
Construction of street and utility improvements concurrent with private development. Adjacent properties benefiting from street and utility improvements will be required to reimburse the City for the improvements.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Miscellaneous
Project Manager: Public Works
6-9 Table of Contents 555
Recommended Non-Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
Shoreline Community 30$
Total 500$
27-21
2026-27
Construction Tax 310$
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees) 80$
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees) 80$
Total 110$
Project 27-21
Annual Information Technology Project
In 2026-27, funding for City information technology and communications improvements.

Project Sponsor: Information Technology
Category: Information Technology
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Project Manager: Information Technology
Project 27-20
Annual Capital Improvement Program Development
This project funds staff time associated with preparation of the annual CIP.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Miscellaneous
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-20
2026-27
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 28$ Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-19
2026-27
Construction Tax 110$
Project 27-19
Annual Real Estate Technical and Legal Services
Funding for appraisals, environmental reports, surveys, and lease preparation/review services for City real Estate
activity.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Miscellaneous
Project Manager: Public Works
28$
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees) 28$
Total 84$
6-10 Table of Contents 556
Project No. Discretionary Projects Budget
27-22 Street Maintenance Project (Locations TBD) 3,300$ 27-23 SB-1 Streets Project (Grant Road/Sylvan Park N eighborhood) 2,000 27-24 ATI - Evelyn Avenue Bikeway (Castro to Bernard o), Study 500 27-25 ATI – ECR/Calderon Protected Intersection, Des ign 1,000 27-26 City Bridges and Culverts Structural Inspectio n and Repairs 400 27-27 Mountain View Standard Detail Update 54
27-28 Field Renovations - Shoreline Athletic Field 2,500 27-29 Roof Safety, Construction 240
27-30 Downtown Parking Wayfinding 320
27-31 Library Automated Materials Handling System 600
27-32 Fire Station Facilities Master Plan 400
27-33 Fire Station Flooring 200
27-34 City Hall Master Plan 500
27-35 City Hall Remodels (various) 2,200
27-36 Library Renovation - Settlement 1,160
27-37 Callahan (Crittenden) Field Lighting Upgrade 470
27-38 Field Renovations - Crittenden Field 1,000
27-39 San Veron Park Renovations 350
27-40 Sierra Vista Park Renovations 436
27-41 Sewer Main Replacement Crossing 101 at Spring, Design 1,340 27-42 Digitize Planning and Building Permit Files 150
27-43 Police CCTV Replacement 460
Total: Discretionary Projects 19,580$
Recommended FY 2026-27 Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
6-11 Table of Contents 557
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
500$
Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-23
2026-27
Senate Bill-1 Road Repair and Accountability Act 1,775$ Conveyance Tax 225$
Total 2,000$
Conveyance Tax 250$
Gas Tax $ 2,323
Measure B 2010 Vehicle License Fee (VLF) $ 727 Total 3,300$
Project 27-23
SB-1 Streets Project (Grant Road/Sylvan Park
Neighborhood)
A Streets Project for basic road maintenance, rehabilitation, and critical safety projects on the local streets and roads system. Project can be used towards complete streets
projects, traffic signals, and drainage projects.

Project Sponsor:

Project 27-22
Street Maintenance Project (Location TBD)
Annual roadway pavement maintenance including
application of various pavement treatments (fog seal, slurry seal and overlay), adjustment of utilities and monuments, and installation of pavement markers and traffic lines.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-22
2026-27
Project Manager: Public Works
Public Works
Project Manager:

Project 27-24
ATI - Evelyn Avenue Bikeway (Castro to Bernardo), Study Study of the Evelyn Cycle Track between the Castro and
Sunnyvale border at Bernardo.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-24
2026-27
Conveyance Tax 500$
Total
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
6-12 Table of Contents 558
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
Conveyance Tax 400$
Total 400$
Conveyance Tax 1,000$
Total 1,000$
Project 27-26
City Bridges and Culverts Structural Inspection and Repairs Funding for construction/repairs of deficiencies of City- owned vehicular and pedestrian bridges, culverts, tunnels and observation decks identified through the inspections by City consultant and/or Caltrans.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-26
2026-27
Project 27-25
ATI - ECR/Calderon Protected Intersection, Design
Design of protected intersection along El Camino Real at Calderon Avenue.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-25
2026-27
Conveyance Tax 54$
Total 54$
Project 27-27
Mountain View Standard Detail Update
Update current standard details for: street widths (including lane widths), sidewalks and landscape strip widths, bike lane widths, and drop off duckouts and GSI in landscape strips.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-27
2026-27
6-13 Table of Contents 559
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-29
Total 320$
Conveyance Tax 320$
2026-27
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees) 50$
Total 240$
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees) $ 50 Project 27-30
Downtown Parking Wayfinding
Planning, design, manufacturing, and installation of
vehicular wayfinding technology and signage in Downtown Mountain View.

Public Works
27-28
2026-27
Shoreline Community-CIP Reserve 2,500$
Total 2,500$
Project 27-29
Roof Safety, Construction
Installation of fall protections systems and handrailing systems at the roof level of six separate City owned and operated buildings.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
2026-27
Project 27-28
Field Renovations - Shoreline Athletic Field
The project covers the replacement of the synthetic turf baseball/soccer field at the Shoreline Athletic Fields.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Parks and Buildings
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-30
Project Sponsor:

CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 140$ 6-14 Table of Contents 560
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 600$ Project 27-31
Library Automated Materials Handling System
Replace the Library’s current automated materials handling system (AMHS) installed in 2008.

Project Sponsor: Library
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-31
2026-27
Project 27-33
Fire Station Flooring
Project will remove all carpet throughout each fire station and replace it with hard surface flooring to minimize
exposure to cancer causing carcinogens from diesel
particulates from the apparatus bay.

Public Works
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Total 600$
Other - Equipment and Scrap Sales 200$
Total 200$
Project 27-32
Fire Station Facilities Master Plan
Hire consultant to create a comprehensive blueprint for the fire department’s buildings and infrastructure, guiding future development and capital investments.
27-32
Project Sponsor:

Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Total 400$
Category:

Other - Equipment and Scrap Sales 400$
2026-27
27-33
Project Sponsor: Fire
Project Manager:

Public Works
Fire
Project Manager:
2026-27
6-15 Table of Contents 561
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources 2026-27
1,160$
Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category:

Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-35
2026-27
Total 1,160$
Project 27-36
Library Renovation-Settlement, Construction
Project focuses on construction phase of settlement-related issues surrounding the 28-year-old Library building to
finalize the open Library renovation building permit.

Project Sponsor: Library
27-36
Citywide Public Benefit Fund
Project 27-34
City Hall Master Plan
Focus on identifying the long-term space needs for City Hall considering current overcrowded areas and anticipated long- term needs of each department.

Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Facilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:

Total 2,200$
27-34
2026-27
Conveyance Tax 500$
Total
Construction Tax 2,200$
Project Sponsor:Project 27-35
City Hall Remodels (Various Locations)
Department improvements stemming from Master Plan as
well as small renovations ongoing.

Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Facilities
500$
6-16 Table of Contents 562
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
Project 27-39
San Veron Park Renovations
Improvements and renovations at San Veron Park, a 2.1-acre park located within the Stierlin planning area. Improvements may include repairing or replacing playground elements, replacing picnic tables, and improving landscaping.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Project Manager: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-39
2026-27
Parkland Dedication Fund 350$
Total 350$
Parkland Dedication Fund 470$
Total 470$
Project 27-37
Callahan (Crittenden) Field Lighting Upgrade
Upgrade lighting at Callahan Field to new system to be
consistent with all other lighted fields.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-37
2026-27
Project Manager: Community Services
Total 1,000$
Parkland Dedication Fund 1,000$
Project 27-38
Field Renovations - Crittenden Field
The project covers the replacement of the synthetic turf football/soccer field at Crittenden Middle School.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-38
2026-27
Project Manager: Community Services
6-17 Table of Contents 563
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
None Prevailing
Wage? No
Funding Sources
436$
Project 27-42
Digitize Planning and Building Permit Files
Digitize paper files from building and planning permits and transfer existing digital permit files from 2020 (COVID) into an electronic database to be accessible for public viewing.

Project Sponsor: Community Development
Project Manager: Community Development
Category: Information Technology
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-42
2026-27
Wastewater (includes Sewer Capacity Fees) 1,340$
Total 1,340$
Project 27-40
Sierra Vista Park Renovations
Improvements and renovations at Sierra Vista Park, a 0.81- acre park located within the Rengstorff planning area.

Improvements may include repairing or replacing
playground surfacing, replacing picnic tables, repairing the playground water feature, and landscape improvements.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Project Manager: Community Services
Construction Tax 150$
Total 150$
Project 27-41
Sewer Main Replacement Crossing 101 at Spring, Design
This project will design the replacement the
existing sewer main to cross under US-101 from
Spring Avenue and evaluate the redirection of
sewer flow downstream of the Highway 101
crossing west of North Shoreline Boulevard by
installing approximately 1,700 linear feet of
new sewer main along the southeast property
line of 1400 N. Shoreline Boulevard.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Utilities
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-41
2026-27
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-40
2026-27
Parkland Dedication Fund 436$
Total
6-18 Table of Contents 564
Recommended Discretionary Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Prevailing
Wage? Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and Parking Lot Sublease) 460$ Total 460$
Project 27-43
Police CCTV Replacement
Replace the aging interview system in the investigations division of the PD. This refreshes the cameras and software to enable connection to our Axon evidence system with
ability to upload to the District Attorney's office.

Project Sponsor: Police
Project Manager: Police
Category: Information Technology
Additional Annual O&M
Costs:
27-43
2026-27
6-19 Table of Contents 565
Project No. Amendments to Existing Projects
Budget
Change
13-18 Information Technology Computer Projects (16)$
16-18 Information Technology Computer Projects (131)
16-51 Replacement of Utility Billing/Cash Receipting/Business License System 500 17-18 Information Technology Computer Projects (29)
18-38 Rengstorff Park Aquatic Center 36
20-37 NB Shoreline/101 Offramp Realignment, Construction 9,804 20-49 Public Safety Building, Design 2,000
20-99 Sustainability (101)
21-30 SB1 Streets Project (300)
21-33 IT Project (IT Infrastructure and Telecommunication Support) 595 21-37 Shoreline Blvd Pathway Improvements (700)
21-42 Project Management Database 200
22-27 Rengstorff Grade Separation, Design and ROW 23,500 22-29 El Camino Real Bike and Ped Improvements, Construction (1,700) 22-40 Citywide Trash Capture, Phase II and III 330
22-45 Historic Preservation Ordinance Implementation 90 23-03 SB-1 Streets Project (1,000)
23-37 Biodiversity Strategy 160
23-49 Castro/Dana and Castro/Villa Intersection Improvements 2,700 24-03 Moffett Blvd Complete Streets 1,500
24-41 Miramonte Reservoir Site Improvements 6,950
25-03 SB-1 Streets Project 2,000
25-08 Water Main/Service Line Replacement 6,723
25-09 Sanitary Sewer Main Replacement 4,206
25-12 Facilities Maintenance - Child Care Center 25-1202 170 25-28 Miramonte Complete Streets, D&C 5,248
26-02 ADA Curb Ramp and Sidewalk Repairs 1,180
26-11 Shoreline Closed Landfill Facility Improvements 879 26-21 Biennial Shoreline Pathway, Roadway and Parking Improvements 340 26-31 Fleet EV Charging Infrastructure and Equipment 300 Total: Amendments to Existing Projects 65,434$
Recommended FY 2026-27 Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
6-20 Table of Contents 566
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None No
Funding Sources
Construction Tax
Development Services
Shoreline Community
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Solid Waste
Total
None No
Funding Sources
Construction Tax
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Solid Waste
Shoreline Community
Development Services
Total
None No
Funding Sources
Construction/Conveyance Tax
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Solid Waste
Development Services
Total
Project 16-51
Replace Utility Billing System
Funding covers Phase II: Business License and
Miscellaneous Cash receipts as well as integration
cost increases.

Project Sponsor: Finance and Administrative Services
Category: Information Technology and Communication
54$
60$ 100$ 160$ 589$
588$ 200$ 788$ 589$ 200$ 789$ 500$
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
Project Manager:

FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
-$ 589$
Information Technology
2,380$
54$ -$
(20)$ 103$
30$ (30)$ -$ FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
635$ (131)$ 504$ 123$
86$ (20)$ 66$ 30$ -$ 30$ 57$
Project 13-18
Information Technology Computer projects
Reduce funding and close all completed subprojects.

Refund $16,637.67 to DSF. Only keep subproject
4131807.

Project Sponsor: Information Technology
Category: Information Technology and Communication
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager: Information Technology
67$ -$ 67$ 309$ (55)$
Project 16-18
Information Technology Computer projects
Reduce funding and close all completed subprojects.

Refund $131,464. Only keep subproject 4161802.
254$
9$ -$ 9$ 646$ (16)$ 630$ Project Sponsor: Information Technology
Category: Information Technology and Communication
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager: Information Technology
(6)$ 51$
1,880$
360$
20$ (16)$ 4$ 123$ -$ 123$ 67$ -$ 67$ 360$ -$
6-21 Table of Contents 567
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None No
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Construction Tax
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Solid Waste
Shoreline Community
Development Services
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Parkland Funds
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Shoreline Community
Shoreline BOND Series A
Shoreline Community Benefit Fund
Total
95$ -$ 95$ 92$ -$ 92$ Project 17-18
Information Technology Computer projects
Reduce funding and close all completed subprojects.

Refund $29,415.38 to DSF. Only keep subproject
4171804.
73$ -$ 73$ Project 20-37
NB Shoreline/101 Offramp Realignment,
Construction
Cost rise due to contaminated soil and regulatory
compliance issues.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
8,950$
9,804$
Project 18-38
Rengstorff Park Aquatic Center
Accept and appropriate PG&E Rebates of $36,483.43.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager: Public Works
33$ (29)$
36$ 29,036$
29,000$ 36$ 29,036$ 9,804$
21,160$ 9,804$ 30,964$ 12,210$ -$ 12,210$ 29,000$
775$ (29)$ 746$ 28$ -$ 28$ 72$
8,950$ -$
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
-$
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
Information Technology
382$ -$ 382$ Project Sponsor:
-$ 72$
Information Technology
Category: Information Technology and Communication
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Public WorksProject Manager:

Project Manager:
4$
6-22 Table of Contents 568
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Construction Tax
Other-Public Safety Building Reserve
Other-Reserves
Total

TBD TBD
Funding Sources
General Non-Operating Fund
Construction Tax
Conveyance Tax
Shoreline Community
Other-Reserves
Other-Federal, State and County Grants
Other-Reimbursements
Total
Project 20-49
Public Safety Building, Design
Transfer of reserve funds to reduce the funding gap.

Project Sponsor:

Category: Facilities
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
Public Works
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
-$ 305$
2,000$
16,300$ 2,000$
Project 20-99
Sustainability
Three actions – 1) transferring $300,000 of GNOF out
to Public Works CIP 26-31: Fleet EV Charging and 2)
add $591,000 for Limited Term Analyst and
consultant help for Sustainability and 3) close
subproject 4209902 for CDD and release $391,666.03
back to GNOF.

Prevailing Wage
Project?
Project Sponsor: City Managers Office
305$
300$
7,890$ (275)$ 7,615$ -$ 100$ 100$ 200$
18,300$
-$ 6,800$
7,500$ -$ 7,500$ 94$ -$ 94$ FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
9,688$
1,000$ 74$ 1,074$ 300$ -$
Category: Miscellaneous
6,800$
-$ 2,000$ 2,000$ 2,000$ -$
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
9,789$ (101)$
Public WorksProject Manager:

Project Manager: Various
-$ 200$
6-23 Table of Contents 569
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Senate Bill-1 Road Repair and Accountability Act
Measure B 2016 Sales Tax
Total
None No
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Construction Tax
Shoreline Community
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Construction Tax
Measure P GF Transportation Reserve
Other-OBAG3 Grant
Total
Public Works
80$
Project 21-37
Shoreline Blvd Pathway Improvements
Project construction contract is executed, release
surplus funding for other projects.

Project Sponsor:

Public Works
65$
Project 21-30
SB-1 Streets Project
Project construction is complete, release funding for
other projects.

Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
300$ (300)$ -$ Project Manager:

FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project 21-33
IT Project (IT Infrastructure and Telecommunication
Support)
Funding transferred from older projects to improve
efficiency.

Category: Information Technology and Communication
Public Works
Category:

Information Technology
305$ 400$ 705$ Prevailing Wage
Project?
665$ 595$ 1,260$ FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
145$
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Prevailing Wage
Project?
Project Sponsor: Information Technology
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Project Manager:

Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
8,011$
2,226$ -$ 2,226$ 8,711$ (700)$
3,510$ -$ 3,510$ 2,000$ -$ 2,000$ 1,950$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
275$
200$ -$ 200$ 1,750$ -$ 1,750$ 105$ -$ 105$ 2,250$ (300)$
80$ 65$ 145$ 95$ 65$ 160$ FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager:
975$ (700)$
6-24 Table of Contents 570
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None No
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Shoreline Community
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Public Benefit - San Antonio
Measure P GF Transportation Reserve
Shoreline Community
Citywide Transportation Impact Fee
Other - County Grant
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Construction Tax
Measure P GF Transportation Reserve
Other - County Grant
Total
4,000$ -$ 4,000$ 600$ (600)$ -$ Project 21-42
Project Management Database
Add funding to complete eBuilder implementation.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Project 22-29
El Camino Real Bike and Ped Improvements,
Construction
Project construction is complete, release funding for
other projects.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
500$ 200$
50$
Public Works
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
Project Manager:
50$ 115$
Category:
(1,100)$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
1,800$
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Information Technology and Communication
50$ 115$
305$ 50$ 355$ 6,400$ (1,700)$
65$
65$
700$
4,700$
700$
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
115$
65$
Project 22-27
Rengstorff Grade Separation, Design and ROW
Appropriate $23.5m of VTA Measure B Grade
Separation Program Funds with $2,526,890.49 being
the first installment.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
2,100$ -$ 2,100$ 2,247$ -$ 2,247$ -$ 23,500$ 23,500$ 10,247$ 23,500$ 33,747$ 900$ -$ 900$ 5,000$ -$ 5,000$ 6-25 Table of Contents 571
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Yes
Funding Sources
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Storm Drain Construction Fund
Total
None No
Funding Sources
Land Use Funds
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Construction Tax
Senate Bill-1 Road Repair and Accountability Act
Total
700$ (700)$ -$ 500$ (300)$
Project 23-03
SB-1 Streets Project
Project construction is complete, release funding for
other projects.
3,750$
(1,000)$ 3,950$
680$
200$
Project 22-40
Citywide Trash Capture, Phase II and III
Change Title and add Phase III to the existing project
to increase efficiency.

Project 22-45
Historic Preservation Ordinance Implementation
Funding to implement various actions from the
Historic Preservation Ordinance process.

FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Public Works
Project Manager: Community Development
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
330$
Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager:

Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
4,950$
Project Sponsor: Community Development
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
Public Works
Category: Utilities
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
3,750$ -$
-$ 155$ 155$ 1,460$ 1,130$ Transportation and Streets
Miscellaneous
1,130$
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Public Works
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
Category:

Category:
90$ 770$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
680$ 90$ 770$ FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
175$ 1,305$
Project Manager:

Project Sponsor:
6-26 Table of Contents 572
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None No
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Other - General NonOperating Fund
Measure P - Transportation Reserve
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Senate Bill-1 Road Repair and Accountability Act
Other - OBAG 3 Grant
Total
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
-$
Miscellaneous
1,500$ 3,135$
3,500$
2,500$
1,635$
160$
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
-$
2,700$ 5,200$
Public Works
5,135$
Public WorksProject Manager:

FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Transportation and Streets
Project Manager: Public Works
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
1,160$
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
-$ 2,700$ 2,700$ 1,500$
Category: Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
1,500$
1,000$ -$ 1,000$ Project 23-49
Castro/Dana and Castro/Villa Intersection
Improvements
Amend Title and add construction phase funding to
project.

Project 24-03
Moffett Blvd Complete Streets
Change title and add funding to design and
construction of green stormwater infrastructure and
anticipated night- time work requirements by
Caltrans.

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager:

Project 23-37
Biodiversity Strategy
Add funds for consultant to develop interactive web-
based tree selection tool.

Project Sponsor:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
Project Sponsor:

Category:

Community Services
Category:
3,500$
1,500$ 6,635$
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Prevailing Wage
Project?
1,000$ 160$ 1,160$ 1,000$
Community Services
6-27 Table of Contents 573
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Yes
Funding Sources
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Senate Bill-1 Road Repair and Accountability Act
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Water (Includes Water Capacity Fees)
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Wastewater (Includes Sewer Capacity Fees)
Total
Project 25-03
SB-1 Streets Project
Add funding from 26-03, SB-1 Streets Project to
improve efficiency and add construction phase to
project.

Project Sponsor:

FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Prevailing Wage
Project?
9,923$
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
2,002$
2,002$ 4,206$ 6,208$ 4,206$ 6,208$
Project 25-09
Sanitary Sewer Main Replacement
Add funding from two active water projects to
improve efficiency and add construction phase to
project.

Public Works
Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Utilities
Prevailing Wage
Project?
Project 25-08
Water Main/Service Line Replacement
Add funding from two active water projects to
improve efficiency and add construction phase to
project.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Utilities
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager: Public Works
Category: Transportation and Streets
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
6,950$ 697$
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
3,200$
3,200$ 6,723$
697$ 6,950$
Project Manager:
7,647$
6,723$ 9,923$
2,000$
Project Manager: Public Works
7,647$
4,000$
Public Works
2,000$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Public Works
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Prevailing Wage
Project?
Project Manager:
4,000$ 2,000$ Public WorksProject 24-41
Miramonte Reservoir Site Improvements
Change title, add construction phase to project and
increase funding.

Project Sponsor:
2,000$
6-28 Table of Contents 574
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Shoreline Community
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
CIP Reserve (including At Risk Lease Evaluation and
Parking Lot Sublease)
Construction Tax
Gas Tax
Measure B 2016 Sales Tax
Measure B 2010 Vehicle License Fee (VLF)
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Construction Tax
Total
-$
-$ 682$ 682$ Project 25-12
Facilities Maintenance - Child Care Center (25-1202)
Replace the existing childcare center playground's
rubber surfacing. Add additional $170,000 to
subproject 02.

Project Sponsor: City Manager
Category: Facilities
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
250$ -$
Project 25-28
Miramonte Complete Streets, Design and
Construction
Change title and add funding from three active street
projects to improve efficiency and add construction
phase to project.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category:
627$
3,439$ 4,189$
627$
750$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
989$ 170$ 1,159$ Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
177$
250$
Public Works/Community Services
Public Works
812$ 982$ 170$ Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
-$ 177$
Transportation and Streets
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:
2,854$
Project 26-02
ADA Curb Ramp and Sidewalk Repairs
Change title and add funding from two active curb
and sidewalk projects to improve efficiency and add
construction phase to project.

Category:

Project Manager: Public Works
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
Project Manager:

Project Manager:
5,248$
-$ 500$ 500$ 1,000$ 6,248$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
1,674$ 1,180$
1,674$
Project Sponsor: Public Works
1,180$ 2,854$
Prevailing Wage
Project?
6-29 Table of Contents 575
Recommended Amendments to Existing Projects
(in thousands of dollars)
None Yes
Funding Sources
Shoreline Community
Shoreline - CIP Reserve
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Shoreline Community
Shoreline - CIP Reserve
Total
None Yes
Funding Sources
Construction Tax
Other - General NonOperating Funds
Total
300$ 300$
Project 26-31
Fleet EV Charging Infrastructure and Equipment
Change Title and Scope to better align project with
future Fleet EV Charging needs. Transfer General
NonOperating funds from 20-9903: Sustainability.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Category: Miscellaneous
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
1,070$
Public Works
191$ -$ 191$ -$ 879$ 879$ Project Manager:
191$
Public Works
681$ -$ 681$ -$ 340$ 340$ 681$ 340$ 1,021$ 300$
Project 26-11
Shoreline Closed Landfill Facility Improvements
Change title and scope to better align project with
future Shoreline Closed Landfill needs. This project
supports the safe, reliable, and compliant operation
of the City’s closed landfill at Shoreline Park through improvements to landfill infrastructure, including the
landfill gas collection system, flare station, and
associated control and monitoring systems. Work
includes mechanical, electrical, and interim SCADA
upgrades necessary to maintain continuous landfill
gas control operations.

Project Sponsor: Public Works
Project Manager:

Category: Miscellaneous
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
500$
879$
500$ -$
500$ 800$
-$
Project 26-21
Biennial Shoreline Pathway, Roadway and Parking
Improvements
Install fencing along Garcia Avenue between the
Shoreline Athletic Fields (SAF) and the Google Athletic and Recreation (GAR) Field. The proposed project
would extend the existing, matching fencing at SAF
and the GAR Field to close this gap, providing a
continuous fence along the southern boundary of
Shoreline between the two facilities to increase safety in the area.

Project Sponsor: Community Services
Project Manager: Community Services
Category: Parks and Recreation
Additional Annual
O&M Costs:

Prevailing Wage
Project?
FY 2025-26
Total Project
Funding
Increased Funding for
FY 2026-27
FY 2026-27
Total Project
Funding
6-30 Table of Contents 576
D/^
>>E
Kh^
/E&KZDd/KE

Table of Contents 577
2024-25 2025-26 2026-27
ADJUSTED ADOPTED RECOM. CHANGE

GENERAL OPERATING FUND
CITY ATTORNEY 11.00 12.00 13.00 +1.00 (a)
CITY CLERK 5.00 6.00 6.00 +0.00
CITY COUNCIL 7.00 7.00 7.00 +0.00
CITY MANAGER 19.00 20.00 21.00 +1.00 (b)
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 4.65 8.45 9.50 +1.05 (c)
COMMUNITY SERVICES 77.80 78.55 78.55 +0.00
FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES 35.50 33.00 34.25 +1.25 (d) FIRE 81.60 81.60 82.60 +1.00 (e)

1.85 1.35 1.35 +0.00
HUMAN RESOURCES 11.00 12.00 12.00 +0.00
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 23.60 23.60 23.60 +0.00
LIBRARY 32.25 32.25 34.25 +2.00 (f)
POLICE 144.50 144.50 144.50 +0.00
PUBLIC WORKS 47.57 48.07 49.47 +1.40 (g)
502.32 508.37 517.07 8.70

OTHER FUNDS

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES 42.50 42.30 42.70 +0.40 (c)

PARKING DISTRIC
T 0.65 0.65 0.65 +0.00
SHORELINE REGIONAL PARK COMMUNITY 1.70 2.10 2.65 +0.55 (c) COMMUNITY SERVICES +0.00
SHORELINE GOLF/MICHAELS RESTAURANT 0.30 0.30 0.30 +0.00 SHORELINE REGIONAL PARK COMMUNITY 21.15 21.40 22.40 +1.00 (h) FINANCE AND ADMIN SRVCS +0.00
WATER 2.50 2.50 2.50 +0.00
FIRE +0.00
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES 3.00 0.00 0.00 +0.00
WASTEWATER 7.40 7.40 7.40 +0.00
HOUSING +0.00
BELOW-MARKET-RATE HOUSING 3.60 4.10 4.10 +0.00
HOUSING IMPACT FEE 2.00 2.50 2.50 +0.00
GENERAL HOUSING 0.40 0.40 0.40 +0.00
CSFRA
/RENTAL HOUSING COMMITTEE 7.00 7.00 7.00 +0.00
MHRSO/RENTAL HOUSING COMMITTEE 1.00 1.00 1.00 +0.00
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT 0.55 0.55 0.55 +0.00
SHORELINE REGIONAL PARK COMMUNITY 0.10 0.10 0.10 +0.00
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY +0.00
WATER 1.40 1.40 1.40 +0.00
PUBLIC WORKS +0.00
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES 16.85 16.85 16.85 +0.00
SHORELINE REGIONAL PARK COMMUNITY 6.58 7.58 8.18 +0.60 (g) WATER 35.80 35.80 35.80 +0.00
WASTEWATER 15.60 15.60 15.60 +0.00
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 16.10 16.10 16.10 +0.00
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 9.50 9.50 9.50 +0.00
195.68 195.13 197.68 2.55
TOTAL REGULAR POSITIONS 698.00 703.50 714.75 11.25
Total Limited-Period Positions 11.50 8.50 10.50 (i) +2.00 NET FUNDED POSITIONS 709.50 712.00 725.25
CHANGE FROM PRIOR FISCAL YEAR 12.25 2.50 13.25

HOUSING
Regular Full-Time and Part-Time Position Allocation
7-1 Table of Contents 578

Regular Full-Time and Part-Time Position Allocation
(Continued)

Notes:
a. Includes the addition of one Assistant City Attorney. b. Includes the addition of one Deputy City Manager.
c. Includes the addition of one Principal Planner, and the midyear addition of one Public Art Administrator.
d. Includes the addition of 0.25 FTE of a Warehouse Worker, and the transfer of one Senior IT Analyst from the Information Technology Department.
e. Includes the addition of one Firefighter/Paramedic.
f. Includes the midyear addition of one Librarian II and one Lead Security Services Guard. g. Includes the addition of one Junior/Assistant/Associate Transportation Planner, and the midyear addition of one Facilities Maintenance Supervisor. h. Includes the addition of one Parks Maintenance Worker III. i. Includes:

City Manager’s Office: Continuation of one Analyst I/II and one Management Fellow.

Community Services Department: Continuation of one Senior Stagehand.

Finance and Administrative Services Department: Continuation of one Financial Analyst I/II and one Senior Management Analyst. Also includes a new Account Clerk I/II.

Human Resources Department: Continuation of one Human Resources Technician. Also includes a new Senior Human Resources Analyst.

Library Department: Continuation of one Lead Security Services Guard and a half-time Library Assistant I/II.

Public Works Department: New Engineering Assistant I/II.

7-2 Table of Contents 579
FY 2026-27
Agency Name Program/Activity Name Recom. Funding Source Leading Dept Catholic Charities of Santa Clara County
Long-Term Care Ombudsman
Program 10,836$ CDBG Housing Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto Homelessness Prevention 25,867 CDBG Housing Community Services Agency of Mountain
View, Los Altos, and Los Altos Hills (CSA) Homeless Prevention/Services 25,867 CDBG Housing Community Services Agency of Mountain
View, Los Altos, and Los Altos Hills (CSA) Senior Case Management 25,867 CDBG Housing Day Worker Center of Mountain View
Education, Skills Training, and Job
Placement Program 25,867 CDBG Housing LifeMoves MTV Housing Specialist 25,867 CDBG Housing Senior Adults Legal Assistance (SALA) Legal Assistance to Elders 15,319 CDBG Housing Silicon Valley Independent Living Center
(SVILC)
Housing Program for Persons with
Disabilities 9,870 CDBG Housing Vista Center for the Blind and Visually
Impaired Vision Loss Rehabilitation Program 25,867 CDBG Housing Rebuilding Together Peninsula Minor Home Repair Program 100,000 CDBG Housing Upwards BOOST Program 80,000 CDBG Housing Catholic Charities of Santa Clara County
Long-Term Care Ombudsman
Program 2,753 General Housing Housing Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto Homelessness Prevention 6,572 General Housing Housing Community Services Agency of Mountain
View, Los Altos, and Los Altos Hills (CSA) Homeless Prevention/Services 6,572 General Housing Housing Community Services Agency of Mountain
View, Los Altos, and Los Altos Hills (CSA) Senior Case Management 6,572 General Housing Housing Day Worker Center of Mountain View
Education, Skills Training, and Job
Placement Program 6,572 General Housing Housing LifeMoves MTV Housing Specialist 6,572 General Housing Housing Senior Adults Legal Assistance (SALA) Legal Assistance to Elders 3,892 General Housing Housing Silicon Valley Independent Living Center
(SVILC)
Housing Program for Persons with
Disabilities 2,507 General Housing Housing Vista Center for the Blind and Visually
Impaired Vision Loss Rehabilitation Program 6,572 General Housing Housing Community School of Music and Arts Preschool Music and Art Program 15,030 General Fund CMO Community Services Agency (CSA) Senior Nutrition Program 18,490 General Fund CMO Counseling and Support Services for Youth
(CASSY)
Mountain View School-Based
Mental Health Services Program 16,032 General Fund CMO Day Worker Center of Mountain View Healthy Meals Program 18,490 General Fund CMO Healthier Kids Foundation Physical Health Screenings 9,945 General Fund CMO Hope's Corner Inc Healthy Food for Hope 18,490 General Fund CMO Junior Achievement of Northern California
JA Mountain View Youth Economic
Empowerment Initiative 7,500 General Fund CMO Loaves and Fishes Family Kitchen
Meals on Wheels for Low-Income,
Homebound Seniors 18,490 General Fund CMO MayView Community Health
Increasing Access to Medical Care
for Underserved Mountain View
Residents 12,525 General Fund CMO Parents Helping Parents, Inc.

Supporting Families Raising Children
with Disabilities 7,500 General Fund CMO The United Effort Organization
Case Management Services for
Vulnerable Populations 10,020 General Fund CMO YWCA Golden Gate Silicon Valley Domestic Violence Support Services 18,490 General Fund CMO Process 590,811$
Section I: Nonprofit Agencies - Requested by an Agency through CDBG Public Hearing Process FISCAL YEAR 2026-27
Funding of Nonprofit Agencies
7-3 Table of Contents 580
FY 2026-27
Agency Name Recom. Funding Source Leading Dept
Community School of Music & Arts
Art4Schools 52,259$ General Fund CSD Music4Schools 24,800 General Fund CSD Housing Trust Silicon Valley 150,000
Below-Market -Rate
Housing Fund Housing
Police Activities League (MVPAL) 10,000 General Fund Police United Way Bay Area (UWBA) 5,000 General Housing Housing Project Sentinel – Fair Housing Services 25,000 General Fund Housing Silicon Valley @ Home 2,500 General Housing Housing Youth Sports Fee Waiver 2,000 General Fund CSD Total Other Nonprofit Funding 271,559$
Section II: Other Nonprofit Agencies - Not Requested by an Agency through CDBG Public Hearing Process FISCAL YEAR 2026-27
Funding of Nonprofit Agencies
(Continued)
7-4 Table of Contents 581
2025-26 2026-27
COMMUNITY ACTION TEAM Adopted Recom.

Blossom Valley Neighborhood Association 1,333 $ 1,333 $ Community Action Team 3,333 3,333
Cooper Park Neighborhood Association 1,333 1,333 Cuesta Park Neighborhood Association 3,333 - Cuesta Park Neighborhood Let Grow Play Club 550 - Dutch Haven Neighborhood Association 1,333 1,333 Gemello Neighborhood Association 2,000 2,000 Greater San Antonio Community Association - 1,333 Grupo de Embajadores de Mountain View 2,200 - Hedgerow Group 1,300 1,333
Martens Carmelita Neighborhood Association 1,333 1,333 Mondrian Community - 1,300
Monta Loma Neighborhood Association 2,667 2,667 Moorpark Mobile Homes 1,300 1,300
New Frontier Activities Committee 1,333 - North Whisman Neighborhood Association 1,050 1,400 Old Mountain View Neighborhood Association 3,333 3,333 Rex Manor Neighborhood Association 2,000 2,000 Santiago Villa Neighborhood Association 1,333 1,333 Shoreline West Association of Neighbors 3,333 3,333 Slater Neighborhood Association 2,667 2,667 Springer Meadows Neighborhood Association 1,333 1,333 Springer Tree Neighborhood Association 1,333 - Sunset Estates Mobilehome Owners Association 1,333 1,333 Sunshine Activities Committee - 1,333 Varsity Park Neighborhood Association - 2,000 Wagon Wheel Neighborhood Association 2,667 2,667 Waverly Park Chinese Group 2,000 2,667 Whisman Station - 2,000
Yorkton Levin Court Neighbors - 1,333 43,730$ 47,330 $
FISCAL YEAR 2026-27
Funding of the Council Neighborhoods Committees (CNC)
Neighborhood Grant Program
The funding process requires groups submit an application w hich staff reviews to determine if the applicants and proposed activities meet the eligibility requirements. Each group's level of funding is determined on predetermined tiers based on the number of households in the area. All the groups submitted a grant application requesti ng funds for a variety of activities designed to bring the neighborhood together. At the CNC meeting on April 30, 2026, the Committee recommended these groups for funding.
7-5 Table of Contents 582
FISCAL YEAR 2026-27

Citywide Memberships

Recom. Responsible
MEMBERSHIP Amount Department

Sister City Membership $ 810 City Clerk
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) 25,000 C MO
Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) 21,000 CM O
League of California Cities (LCC) Peninsula Division 300 CMO League of California Cities 25,000 CMO
Mayor’s Innovation Project 2,500 CMO
Mountain View Chamber of Commerce 1,000 CMO
National League of Cities 8,200 CMO
Santa Clara County Cities Association 22,000 CMO
Sustainable Silicon Valley 1,500 CMO
Joint Venture Silicon Valley 25,000 (a) CMO
Pacific Library Partnership 17,641 Library
Urban Library Council 6,000 Library
Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation
Agency (BAWSCA) 342,990 (b) PWD
Congestion Management Agency 176,400 PWD
Cal Urban Water Conservation Council 3,200 (b) PWD
Western Recycled Water Coalition 4,000 (b) PWD
Transportation Management Association 55,000 (a) PWD
Friends of Caltrain – Education Services Only 5,000 PWD

(a) Includes Shoreline Regional Park Community funding of $5,000 for Joint Venture Silicon Valley and $27,500 for Transportation Management Association. (b) Funded from the Water Fund.

7-6 Table of Contents 583
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CAO
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. $ 11,000 1,000 12,000
CCO
Subscription-Based Software

Provides increased funding for the cost Netfile,
Municode, Govinity, and Grammarly software. 5,700 4 6,500 52,200 CCO
Reallocate Data Management Software

Reallocates funding from the Information Technology
Department to the City Clerk's Office for data
management software used by the City Clerk's Office. - 18,300 18,300 CCO
Hourly Wages

Provides increased funding for hourly wages to
support events at City Hall building. 8,000 5,000 13,000 CCO
Advertising Costs for Public Notices

Provides increased funding for advertising costs
related to public noticing. 5,500 1,700 7,200
CCO
Membership Dues

Provides increased funding for membership costs
related to Municipal Clerk Professional Organizations. 300 1,500 1,800 CSD
City Utility Increase

Provides increased funding for City utility services
used by City departments, accounting for usage,
utility rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. 3,033,700 92,500 3,126,200
CSD
Active Net Fee Increase

Provides increased funding for the cost of the
department's registration software system, Active
Net. 129,000 77,000 206,000

7-7 Table of Contents 584
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. $ 652,000 63,000 715,000
CSD
Landscape Maintenance Contract

Provides increased funding for the roadways
landscape maintenance contract. 360,900 44,800 405, 700 CSD
Reallocate Mountain View Center for Performing
Arts (MVCPA) Venue Management Software Costs

Reallocates funding from the Information Technology
department to the Community Services Department
for the Mountain View Center for Performing Arts
(MVCPA) Venue Management Software. - 18,500 18,500
CSD
County Environmental Health Permit Fees

Provides new funding for annual permit fees issued
by the Santa Clara County Department of
Environmental Health. The total increase of $4,500 is
offset by wages in the General Operating Fund. - - -
CSD
Reallocate Janitorial Services

Reallocates funding from the Community Services
Department to the Public Works Department for
janitorial services. Funding is split between the
General Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional
Park Community Fund. 385,200 (385,200) -
FASD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 42,000 4,000 46,000
FD
Cancer Mitigation

Provides funding for cancer mitigation expenses,
including cancer screenings and testing, and the
cleaning and replacement of personal protective
equipment (PPE). Funding is split between the
General Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional
Park Community Fund. 44,200 89,100 133,300
7-8 Table of Contents 585
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. $ 573,000 81,500 654,500
FD
Reallocate Fire Station Alert System Costs

Reallocates funding from the Information Technology
Department to the Fire Department for the Fire
Station Alerting System. - 15,000 15,000
FD
Ambulance Permit Fee

Provides new funding for the annual Advanced Life
Support (ALS) ambulance service permit fee
mandated by the County of Santa Clara. - 8,500 8,50 0
FD
Vector Solutions (LMS)

Provides new funding for the annual subscription for
the learning management system, Vector Solutions. - 6,900 6,900 FD
City Utility Increase

Provides increased funding for City utility services
used by City departments, accounting for usage,
utility rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. 55,900 2,700 58,600
ITD
Public Engagement Software

Provides increased funding for public engagement
software that support legislative management, public
meetings, voting, website operations, and community
engagement. 73,000 83,000 156,000
ITD
Information Technology Services, Licenses, and
Software Renewals

Provides new and increased funding for the annual
services, licenses and software renewals for Adobe,
DocuSign, Microsoft Office, and various other
software licenses. 357,000 65,000 422,000
7-9 Table of Contents 586
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
ITD
Reallocate Fire Station Alert System Costs

Reallocates funding from the Information Technology
Department to the Fire Department for the Fire
Station Alerting System. $ 15,000 (15,000) -
ITD
Reallocate Data Management Software

Reallocates funding from the Information Technology
Department to the City Clerk's Office for data
management software used by the City Clerk's Office. 18,300 (18,300) - ITD
Reallocate Mountain View Center for Performing
Arts (MVCPA) Venue Management Software Costs

Reallocates funding from the Information Technology
department to the Community Services Department
for the Mountain View Center for Performing Arts
(MVCPA) Venue Management Software. 18,500 (18,500) -
LD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 27,000 3,000 30,000
PD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 1,021,000 85,000 1,106,00 0
PD
Forensic and Crime Investigation Software

Provides funding for software that supports digital
forensics and criminal investigations. - 33,000 33,000
PD
Silicon Valley Animal Control Authority (SVACA)

Provides increased funding for contracts with the
Silicon Valley Animal Control Authority (SVACA). 44 5,300 31,100 476,400 PD
Reallocate Crossing Guard Services

Reallocates funding from the Police Department to
the Public Works Department for crossing guard
services. 459,000 (459,000) -
7-10 Table of Contents 587
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Reallocate Crossing Guard Services

Reallocates funding from the Police Department to
the Public Works Department for crossing guard
services. $ - 518,000 518,000
PWD
City Utility Increase

Provides increased funding for City utility services
used by City departments, accounting for usage,
utility rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. 3,217,900 398,700 3,616,600
PWD
Reallocate Janitorial Services

Reallocates funding from the Community Services
Department to the Public Works Department for
janitorial services. Funding is split between the
General Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional
Park Community Fund. - 385,200 385,200
PWD
Janitorial Services

Provides increased funding for janitorial services for
City facilities due to cost increase associated with the new janitorial services contract. 1,682,400 94,000 1,776,400 PWD
Prevailing Wage for Pest Control

Provides increased funding to cover prevailing wage
rates for the City’s pest control services. 10,700 53,000 63,700 PWD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 259,000 22,000 281,000

Total Non- Discretionary On-Going for General $ 12 ,910,500 1,452,500 14,363,000 Operating Fund

7-11 Table of Contents 588
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds

Development Services Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. $ 57,000 5,000 62,000
PWD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 39,000 4,000 43,000
Development Services Fund Total

$ 96,000

9,000

105,000

Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
City UŸlity Increase

Provides increased funding for City uŸlity services
used by City departments, accounŸng for usage,
uŸlity rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. $ 235,900

65,900

301,800
Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts Fund Total

$ 235,900

65,900

301,800

Employee Benefits Self-Insurance Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HRD
Benefits AdministraŸon System

Provides new funding for the implementaŸon and
service fee for a Benefits AdministraŸon System.

$ -

55,000

55,000
Employee Benefits Self-Insurance Fund Total $ -

55,000

55,000

7-12 Table of Contents 589
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Equipment Maintenance and Replacement Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. $ 49,000

4,000

53,000

Equipment Maintenance and Replacement Fund
Total $ 49,000 4,000 53,000

General Liability Insurance Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FASD
Insurance Premiums

Provides increased funding for cost increases related
to the City’s excess liability insurance and property
insurance programs. $ 5,362,600

370,000

5,732,600
General Liability Insurance Fund Total $ 5,362,600 370,000 5,732,600

Michaels at Shoreline Restaurant Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
City UŸlity Increase

Provides increased funding for City uŸlity services
used by City departments, accounŸng for usage,
uŸlity rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. $ 137,600

8,400

146,000
Michaels at Shoreline Restaurant Fund Total $ 137,6 00 8,400 146,000

7-13 Table of Contents 590
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Shoreline Golf Links Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
City UŸlity Increase

Provides increased funding for City uŸlity services
used by City departments, accounŸng for usage,
uŸlity rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. $ 611,600

169,900

781,500
Shoreline Golf Links Fund Total $ 611,600 169,900 7 81,500

Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Reallocate HDL Property Tax Service

Reallocates funding for shared HdL Property Tax
Services from Community Development Department
to Finance and Administrative Services Department. $ 7,200 (7,200) - CSD
City Utility Increase

Provides increased funding for City utility services
used by City departments, accounting for usage,
utility rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. 850,000 55,100 905,100
CSD
Landscape Maintenance Contract

Provides increased funding for the roadways
landscape maintenance contract. 76,500 28,200 104,7 00
CSD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 78,000 7,000 85,000
CSD
Reallocate Janitorial Services

Reallocates funding from the Community Services
Department to the Public Works Department for
janitorial services. Funding is split between the
General Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional
Park Community Fund. 73,700 (73,700) -
7-14 Table of Contents 591
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FASD
Reallocate HDL Property Tax Services

Reallocates funding for shared HdL Property Tax
Services from Community Development Department
to Finance and Administrative Services Department. $ - 7,200 7,200 FD
Cancer Mitigation

Provides funding for cancer mitigation expenses,
including cancer screenings and testing, and the
cleaning and replacement of personal protective
equipment (PPE). Funding is split between the
General Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional
Park Community Fund. - 13,000 13,000
FD
City Utility Increase

Provides increased funding for City utility services
used by City departments, accounting for usage,
utility rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. 46,700 9,300 56,000
FD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 109,000 9,000 118,000
FD
QuantFit Annual Maintenance

Provides new funding for the annual calibration and
maintenance of the QuantFit2 Mask Fit Test machine. - 200 200 PWD
Reallocate Janitorial Services

Reallocates funding from the Community Services
Department to the Public Works Department for
janitorial services. Funding is split between the
General Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional
Park Community Fund. - 73,700 73,700
PWD
California Department of Water Resources Permit
Fees

Provides new funding for annual Shoreline Landfill
permits required by the California Department of
Water Resources. - 5,000 5,000
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund Total $ 1,241,100 126,800 1,367,900 7-15 Table of Contents 592
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Solid Waste Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Household Hazardous Waste County Program

Provides increased funding to continue participation
in the County's Household Hazardous Waste
Program. $ 185,000 80,000 265,000
PWD
Recovered Organic Waste Compost Program

Provides new funding to support the procurement of
organic waste products. - 80,000 80,000
PWD
State Water Resources Control Board Permit Fees at
Shoreline

Provides new funding for annual Shoreline Landfill
permits required by the State Water Resources
Control Board. - 27,000 27,000
PWD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 300,000 26,000 326,000
PWD
Bay Area Air Quality Management District Permit
Fees

Provides new funding for annual Shoreline Landfill
permits required by the Bay Area Air Quality
Management District. - 22,000 22,000
PWD
Edible Food Recovery Program

Provides new funding to support the operation of the
Edible Food Recovery Program. - 20,000 20,000
PWD
City Utility Increase

Provides increased funding for City utility services
used by City departments, accounting for usage,
utility rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. 227,700 10,500 238,200
PWD
County Permit Fees

Provides new funding for permit fees from the Santa
Clara County Department of Environmental Health
(DEH) for the closed landfill site. - 10,500 10,500
7-16 Table of Contents 593
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Recology Processing Costs

Reduces funding for costs associated with Solid
Waste Recology processing. $ 3,768,000 (1,193,000) 2,575,000 Solid Waste Fund Total $ 4,480,700 (917,000) 3,563,700

Strategic Property AcquisiŸon Reserve (SPAR)
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
888 Villa Lease

Provides funding for the annual property lease for
addiŸonal o8ce space for City sta+.

$ -

510,200

510,200
Strategic Property Acquisition Reserve (SPAR) Total $ - 510,200 510,200

TransportaŸon Reserve
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
Community Shu©le OperaŸons

Provides increased funding for operaŸon of the
Mountain View Community Shu©le. $ 3,500,000

100,000

3,600,000
Transportation Reserve Total $ 3,500,000 100,000 3,600,000

Wastewater Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. $ 41,000 4,000 45,000
7-17 Table of Contents 594
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
City UŸlity Increase

Provides increased funding for City uŸlity services
used by City departments, accounŸng for usage,
uŸlity rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. $ 435,300 77,300 512,600
PWD
State Water Resources Control Board Permit Fees

Provides new funding for annual waste discharge
permit fees required under the California Water
Code. - 46,000 46,000
PWD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 370,000 31,000 401,000
Wastewater Fund Total $ 846,300 158,300 1,004,600

Water Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
ITD
UŸlity Billing SoLware

Provides increased funding for the annual license and
subscripŸon costs of the City’s new uŸlity billing
soLware. $ 16,000 200,000 216,000
ITD
InformaŸon Technology Services, Licenses, and
SoLware Renewals

Provides new and increased funding for the annual
services, licenses and soLware renewals for Adobe,
DocuSign, MicrosoL O8ce, and various other
soLware licenses. 30,000 41,700 71,700
PWD
State Water System Fees

Provides increased funding for annual fees associated
with the State Water Resources Control Board’s water
system. 20,000 65,000 85,000
7-18 Table of Contents 595
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

NON-DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
City UŸlity Increase

Provides increased funding for City uŸlity services
used by City departments, accounŸng for usage,
uŸlity rate adjustments, and higher gas and electricity costs. $ 329,600 27,500 357,100
PWD
Fleet Maintenance

Provides increased funding for the maintenance of
the City's vehicle fleet. 283,000 26,000 309,000
Water Fund Total $ 678,600 360,200 1,038,800

Total Non-Discretionary On-Going for Other Funds $1 7,239,400 1,020,700 18,260,100

7-19 Table of Contents 596
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CAO
Assistant City Attorney Position (1.0 FTE)

Provides funding for an Assistant City Attorney
position. $ - 368,700 368,700
CAO
Subscription Based Software

Provides increased funding for licenses of legal-
related software. 26,000 14,300 40,300
CAO
Travel, Conference, and Training

Provides increased funding for attending
conferences, training, and related travel. 20,000 1 0,000 30,000 CC
Council Travel Budgets

Provides increased funding for Council travel and
training. 77,600 17,500 95,100
CCO
Training, Conference, and Travel

Provides increased funding for the cost of
development, training, and conferences for the City
Clerk's Office. 10,000 5,000 15,000
CDD
Business and Art Promotions

Provides increased funding to support businesses, art
promotions, and facilitation of activities in the
Economic Development Division. 15,000 150,000 165,000
CDD
Principal Planner Position (0.5 FTE)

Provides funding for a Principal Planner position. 0.5
FTE is funded in the General Operating Fund, 0.3 FTE
is funded in the Development Services Fund, and 0.2
FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund. - 147,200 147,200
CDD
Advertising Costs

Provides new funding to cover advertising costs for
City newspaper notices related to public hearings. - 25,000 25,000 CDD
Santa Clara County Planning Collaborative
Membership

Provides new funding for the City's annual
participation in the Cities Association's Santa Clara
County Planning Collaborative. - 18,500 18,500
7-20 Table of Contents 597
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CMO
Deputy City Manager Position (1.0 FTE)

Provides funding for a Deputy City Manager position. $ - 361,000 361,000 CMO
Federal Legislative Advocacy

Provides increased funding for a Federal legislative
advocacy consultant. 150,000 120,000 270,000
CMO
Childcare Subsidy Fund Allocation

Provides new funding to provide childcare subsidies
for low-income families in Mountain View. - 100,000 100,000 CMO
Community Services Agency Homeless Services
Contract

Provides new funding to support community-based
services for homelessness initiatives. - 52,000 52, 000 CMO
Reclassification of Assistant to the City Manager to
Intergovernmental Relations Manager

Provides funding to reclass an Assistant to the City
Manager to Intergovernmental Relations Manager. 312 ,000 49,000 361,000 CMO
Reclassification of Principal Management Analyst to
Assistant to the City Manager

Provides funding to reclass a Principal Management
Analyst to Assistant to the City Manager. 281,200 30,800 312,000 CMO
Training and Travel

Provides increased funding for the cost of training
and related travel for the City Manager's Office. 1 2,000 25,000 37,000 CMO
Internship Program Expansion

Provides increased funding for the citywide summer
internship program. 26,400 20,000 46,400
CMO
Basic Health and Hygiene Sites

Provides new funding to provide basic health and
hygiene services for unhoused community members. - 13,000 13,000 7-21 Table of Contents 598
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
Stagehand Wages

Provides funding for wages for hourly Stagehands at
the Mountain View Center for Performing Arts
(MVCPA) to support year-round operations. $ 73,900 150,000 223,900 CSD
Forestry Outreach and Education

Provides funding to continue and expand services
with the non-profit Canopy for community outreach,
education programs, and tree plantings. Funding is
split between the General Operating Fund and the
Tree Mitigation Fund. - 125,000 125,000
CSD
Printing Services for the Mountain View Center for
Performing Arts (MVCPA)

Provides increased funding for production and
distribution services of printed materials for the
Mountain View Center for Performing Arts (MVCPA). 4 0,200 36,000 76,200 CSD
Pride Celebration Event

Provides funding for the costs of personnel,
advertising, and contracts related to the annual Pride
celebration event. - 34,300 34,300
CSD
Training and Conference

Provides increased funding for the cost of
development, training, and conferences for the
Community Services Department. Funding is split
between the General Operating Fund and the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. 30,700 20,0 00 50,700 CSD
Community Programming

Provides funding to support year-round inclusive
performances and programming at the Magical
Bridge Playground's community stage. - 18,600 18,60 0
FASD
Warehouse Worker Position (0.25 FTE)

Provides funding to increase the Warehouse Worker
position from 0.50 to 0.75 FTE. 89,600 44,800 134,4 00
7-22 Table of Contents 599
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FD
Firefighter/Paramedic Position (1.0 FTE)

Provides funding for a Firefighter/Paramedic relief
position. $ - 391,900 391,900
FD
Vehicle Maintenance - Reserve Aerial Tiller

Provides funding for the maintenance of the reserve
aerial tiller shared with the Palo Alto Fire
Department. - 18,500 18,500
FD
Vehicle Maintenance - Reserve Engine

Provides funding for the maintenance of a reserve
engine. - 15,000 15,000
FD
Firefighter/Paramedic OT Reduction

Reduces overtime funding tied to one
Firefighter/Paramedic relief position. 2,751,300 (2 80,000) 2,471,300 HRD
Reclassification of a Senior Human Resources
Analyst position to Human Resources Manager
position (1.0 FTE)

Provides funding to reclass a Senior Human Resource
Analyst to Human Resources Manager. 264,700 67,000 331,700 HRD
Reclassification of a Human Resources Manager
position to Assistant Director of Human Resources
position (1.0 FTE)

Provides funding to reclass a Human Resources
Manager to Assistant Director of Human Resources. 3 31,700 44,900 376,600 HRD
Wellness Incentive Program

Provides increased funding for the City's Wellness
Incentive Program. 60,000 15,000 75,000
HRD
Software Subscriptions

Provides funding for software licensing for
productivity tools including Grammarly and Copilot. - 7,600 7,600 7-23 Table of Contents 600
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
ITD
IT Analyst I/II Position (1.0 FTE)

Provides funding to convert a limited-period IT
Analyst I/II position to ongoing. This position will
support projects related to Geographic Information
Systems (GIS). $ - 266,100 266,100
PD
Recreational Vehicle Tow Subsidy Pilot Program

Provides funding for a pilot program to subsidize the
towing and removal of abandoned recreational
vehicles (RVs) within the City. - 40,000 40,000
PD
Police Activities League

Provides increased funding for non-profit, Police
Activities League (PAL), to provide opportunities and
activities for underserved youth. 5,000 5,000 10,00 0
PWD
Maintenance and Repairs in Traffic Section

Provides increased funding due to increased
contractor costs for traffic signal maintenance and
repair and other traffic related infrastructure.

Funding is split between the General Operating Fund
and the Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. 333 ,000 300,000 633,000 PWD
Junior/Assistant/Associate Transportation Planner
Position (0.6 FTE) ($52,000 offset by charges to CIPs)

Provides funding for a Junior/Assistant/Associate
Transportation Planner position. 0.6 FTE is funded in
the General Operating Fund, 0.2 FTE is funded in the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund, and 0.2
FTE is funded by CIPs. - 151,700 151,700
PWD
Contract Services for Street Sweeping

Provides increased funding due to the increased cost
of sweeping services in the City. Funding is split
between the General Operating Fund and the Solid
Waste Fund. 88,000 30,000 118,000
7-24 Table of Contents 601
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
General OperaŸng Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Reclassification of two Administrative Assistant
positions to Senior Administrative Assistant
positions (2.0 FTE)

Provides funding to reclass two Administrative
Assistants to Senior Administrative Assistants. $ 3 65,000 27,400 392,400 PWD
Contract Services for Real Property Section

Provides new funding for contract services to support
real property compliance and due diligence. - 15,0 00 15,000 PWD Utility System Section Position Changes

Provides funding for position changes within the
Utility System Section, including the elimination of

1.0 FTE Utilities Systems Specialist, 1.0 FTE Utilities Inspector Locator, and 1.0 FTE Senior Utilities System
Technician, and the addition of 3.0 FTE Senior Utilities Technicians. Funding is split between the General
Operating Fund, Water Fund, Wastewater Fund, and
the Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. 32,300 2,600 34,900

Total Discretionary On-Going for General Operating $ 5,395,600 3,073,400 8,469,000 Fund
7-25 Table of Contents 602
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds

Below Market Rate (BMR) Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HD
ReclassificaŸon of Senior Housing O8cer to Principal
Housing O8cer (0.5 FTE)

Provides funding to reclass a Senior Housing O8cer
posiŸon to a Principal Housing O8cer posiŸon. 0.5
FTE is funded in the Below Market Rate Fund and 0.5
FTE is funded in the Housing Impact Fund. $ 141,300

5,900

147,200
Below Market Rate (BMR) Fund Total $ 141,300 5,9 00 147,200

Development Services Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Principal Planner PosiŸon (0.3 FTE)

Provides funding for a Principal Planner posiŸon. 0.5
FTE is funded in the General OperaŸng Fund, 0.3 FTE
is funded in the Development Services Fund, and 0.2
FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund.

$ -

88,300

88,300
Development Services Fund Total $ - 88,300 88,300

Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Annual Parking Lot/Structure Cleaning

Provides increased funding for the annual cleaning of
Downtown parking faciliŸes. $ 43,800

36,000

79,800
Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts Fund Total $ 43,800 36,000 79,800

7-26 Table of Contents 603
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

General Liability Insurance Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CMO
Minimum Wage Enforcement

Provides new ongoing funding for the City's local
minimum wage ordinance enforcement contract with
City of San Jose.

$ -

10,000

10,000
General Liability Insurance Fund Total $ - 10,000 1 0,000

Housing Impact Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HD
ReclassificaŸon of Senior Housing O8cer to Principal
Housing O8cer (0.5 FTE)

Provides funding to reclass a Senior Housing O8cer
posiŸon to a Principal Housing O8cer posiŸon. 0.5
FTE is funded in the Below Market Rate Fund and 0.5
FTE is funded in the Housing Impact Fund. $ 141,300

5,900

147,200
Housing Impact Fund Total $ 141,300 5,900 147,200

Property Management Reserve
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Contract Services for Property Management Services

Provides increased funding for contract services
supporŸng property management operaŸons. $ 120,000

30,000

150,000
Property Management Reserve Total $ 120,000 30,000 150,000

7-27 Table of Contents 604
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Principal Planner Position (0.2 FTE)

Provides funding for a Principal Planner position. 0.5
FTE is funded in the General Operating Fund, 0.3 FTE
is funded in the Development Services Fund, and 0.2
FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund. $ - 58,900 58,900
CDD
Subscription Based Software

Provides new funding for subscription based software
utilized in the Economic Development Division. - 3, 000 3,000 CSD
Parks Maintenance Worker III Position (1.0 FTE)

Provides new funding for a Parks Maintenance
Worker III position. - 207,200 207,200
CSD
Training and Conference

Provides increased funding for the cost of
development, training, and conferences for the
Community Services Department. Funding is split
between the General Operating Fund and the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. 2,700 2,200 4,900 FASD
HdL Property Tax Services

Provides increased funding for HdL Property Tax
Services. 7,200 2,500 9,700
FD
KnoxConnect Annual Fee

Provides new funding for the annual cost of secured
storage of controlled substances, KnoxConnect. - 30 0 300

7-28 Table of Contents 605
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Maintenance and Repairs in Traffic Section

Provides increased funding for traffic signal
maintenance and repair and other traffic-related
infrastructure. Funding is split between the General
Operating Fund and the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund. $ 68,000 60,000 128,000
PWD
Junior/Assistant/Associate Transportation Planner
Position (0.2 FTE) ($52,000 offset by charges to CIPs)

Provides funding for a Junior/Assistant/Associate
Transportation Planner position. 0.6 FTE is funded in
the General Operating Fund, 0.2 FTE is funded in the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund, and 0.2
FTE is funded by CIPs. - 52,000 52,000
PWD
Utility System Section Position Changes

Provides funding for position changes within the
Utility System Section, including the elimination of

1.0 FTE Utilities Systems Specialist, 1.0 FTE Utilities Inspector Locator, and 1.0 FTE Senior Utilities System
Technician, and the addition of 3.0 FTE Senior Utilities Technicians. Funding is split between the General
Operating Fund, Water Fund, Wastewater Fund, and
the Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. 12,300 (700) 11,600 Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund Total $ 90, 200 385,400 475,600

Solid Waste Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Contract Services for Street Sweeping

Provides increased funding due to the increased cost
of sweeping services in the City. Funding is split
between the General OperaŸng Fund and the Solid
Waste Fund. $ 44,000

30,000

74,000

7-29 Table of Contents 606
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Solid Waste Program Tracking SoLware

Provides new funding for soLware to track and
ensure compliance with organics collecŸon services.

$ -

40,000

40,000
Solid Waste Fund Total $ 44,000 70,000 114,000

Tree MiŸgaŸon Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
Forestry Outreach and EducaŸon Contract (Canopy)

Provides funding to conŸnue and expand services
with the non-profit Canopy for community outreach,
educaŸon programs, and tree planŸngs. Funding is
split between the General OperaŸng Fund and the
Tree MiŸgaŸon Fund.

$ -

200,000

200,000
Tree Mitigation Fund Total $ - 200,000 200,000

Wastewater Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FD
Training for Hazmat Personnel

Provides increased funding for costs associated with
training and travel for HazMat Personnel. $ 2,200

2,000

4,200 PWD
UŸlity System SecŸon PosiŸon Changes

Provides funding for posiŸon changes within the
UŸlity System SecŸon, including the eliminaŸon of 1.0
FTE UŸliŸes Systems Specialist, 1.0 FTE UŸliŸes
Inspector Locator, and 1.0 FTE Senior UŸliŸes System
Technician, and the addiŸon of 3.0 FTE Senior UŸliŸes
Technicians. Funding is split between the General
OperaŸng Fund, Water Fund, Wastewater Fund, and
the Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund.

319,800

(6,400)

313,400
Wastewater Fund Total $ 322,000 (4,400) 317,600

7-30 Table of Contents 607
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended On-Going Changes

DISCRETIONARY
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Water Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
UŸlity System SecŸon PosiŸon Changes

Provides funding for posiŸon changes within the
UŸlity System SecŸon, including the eliminaŸon of 1.0
FTE UŸliŸes Systems Specialist, 1.0 FTE UŸliŸes
Inspector Locator, and 1.0 FTE Senior UŸliŸes System
Technician, and the addiŸon of 3.0 FTE Senior UŸliŸes
Technicians. Funding is split between the General
OperaŸng Fund, Water Fund, Wastewater Fund, and
the Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. $ 325,0 00

12,100

337,100
Water Fund Total $ 325,000 12,100 337,100

Total Discretionary On-Going for Other Funds $ 1,22 7,600 839,200 2,066,800

7-31 Table of Contents 608
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CC
Council Per-Term Allowance (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for per-term allowance for three
newly elected Councilmembers $ - 11,400 11,400
CCO
General Municipal Election (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for costs associated with the
General Municipal Election. - 388,200 388,200
CCO
Advertising Costs (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for advertising costs related to
public noticing for the General Municipal Election - 13,000 13,000 CDD
Grant Programs (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to continue the City's small business
grant programs. - 265,000 265,000
CDD
Development Review Improvements (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for consultant services to assess and
implement improvements to the City's planning
permitting and land use processes. - 250,000 250,000
CDD
Planning Consulting Services (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for consultant services to support
the implementation of the 2023-2031 Housing
Element, Economic Vitality Strategy, and Council
Work Plan. - 125,000 125,000
CDD
Downtown Storefront Activation (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to develop grant programs to
support Downtown storefronts. - 100,000 100,000
CDD
Contract Services for Downtown Strategies (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding to support the assessment of a
Downtown Property-Based Improvement District
(PBID). - 53,000 53,000
CDD
Revolving Loan Administration (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to administer a loan program to
support small business recovery and long-term
resiliency. - 50,000 50,000
7-32 Table of Contents 609
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CMO
Sustainability CIP Funding (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to the Sustainability CIP for Electic
Vehicle (EV) chargers. Funding is split between the
General Non-Operating Fund and the Shoreline
Regional Park Community Fund. $ - 416,500 416,500
CMO
Sustainability Analyst I/II Position (1.0 FTE) (Limited- Period)

Provides continued funding for a limited-period
Sustainability Analyst I/II. This position will support the City’s decarbonization efforts and assist with the
development of sustainability programs. - 245,900 2 45,900 CMO
Management Fellow Position (1.0 FTE) (Limited-
Period)

Provides continued funding for a limited-period
Management Fellow position. The objective of this
position is to provide increased staffing capacity and
an increased level of analysis for important
department and Citywide projects. - 207,000 207,000
CMO
Hourly Wages for Council Neighborhoods
Committee (CNC) (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for administrative support for
Council Neighborhoods Committee (CNC) meetings
and grant processing. - 11,000 11,000
CMO
Council Neighborhoods Committee (CNC) Grant
Piloting (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for the Council Neighborhoods
Committee (CNC) grant program to accommodate
more applicants. - 7,500 7,500
CSD
Mountain View Center for Performing Arts (MVCPA)
35th Anniversary Event (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to support programming for the
35th anniversary of the Mountain View Center for
Performing Arts. - 186,200 186,200
7-33 Table of Contents 610
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
Senior Stagehand Position (1.0 FTE) (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to continue a limited-period Senior
Stagehand position. $ - 158,700 158,700
CSD
Power Washing Services (Limited-Period)

Provides increased funding for power washing
services along the Castro Street Pedestrian Mall
corridor. - 46,500 46,500
CSD
Teen Programming (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for college and career-oriented
programs at The View Teen Center. - 28,000 28,000
CSD
Ellipticals at the Senior Center (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for ellipticals at the Senior Center. - 17,000 17,000 FASD
Senior Management Analyst Position (1.0 FTE)
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding to continue a Senior Management
Analyst position in the Purchasing Division - 266,1 00 266,100 FASD
Treadmills (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for two new treadmills in the City
Hall gym. - 12,000 12,000
FASD
Furniture for Plaza Conference Room (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for furniture in the Plaza Conference
Room. - 4,000 4,000
FD
Firefighter Recruit Academy (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for Firefighter recruits to attend the Firefighter Academy. The funding includes personnel
costs, supplies and equipment, and overtime for in-
house instructors. - 342,400 342,400
FD
Intake Valves (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for intake valves for fire engines and trucks. - 48,500 48,500
7-34 Table of Contents 611
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FD
USAR51 Equipment (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for additional equipment for the
USAR51 apparatus. $ - 32,500 32,500
FD
Air Monitoring (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for comprehensive air monitoring at
Fire Station 1. - 21,200 21,200
FD
Class A Uniforms (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for Class A uniforms for new recruits
in the Fire Department. - 17,700 17,700
FD
Electrical High Voltage Detectors (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to replace existing electrical high
voltage detectors. - 7,500 7,500
HRD
Labor Negotiation Services (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for labor negotiations, development
and implementation of Memoranda of Understanding
(MOUs), and legal counsel related to employee
relations and labor agreement matters. - 250,000 25 0,000 HRD
Human Resources Technician Position (1.0 FTE)
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for a limited-period Human
Resources Technician position. This position will
perform varied paraprofessional and technical duties
related to recruitment, position classification and
compensation, benefit administration, and other
program areas. - 213,600 213,600
HRD
Citywide Succession Planning (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for Citywide Succession Planning
efforts. The funds will be used for recruitment
resources, coaching, and development to prepare the
organization for upcoming retirements and
transitions in essential leadership positions. - 15 0,000 150,000 HRD
Employee Relations (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for Human Resources legal services,
employee relations, and workplace investigations. - 140,000 140,000 7-35 Table of Contents 612
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HRD
Hourly Wages (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for hourly wages for hourly staff
including interns. The hourlies will support all
programs areas within the Human Resources
Department. $ - 100,000 100,000
HRD
Wellness Programming (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to promote organizational wellness
programs in the City. - 60,000 60,000
HRD
Employee Engagement Events (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for employee appreciation and
recognition events. - 30,000 30,000
HRD
Training and Conferences (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for employee training, professional
development, and conference participation for staff
in the Human Resources Department. - 12,300 12,300
HRD
Personnel File Digitization (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for records management and
digitization of personnel files. - 10,000 10,000
ITD
Temporary Staffing (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for two temporary IT Desktop
Technician II positions, sourced through a staffing
agency. These positions will deliver frontline support
for audio/visual systems and Citywide applications. - 406,400 406,400 ITD
Network Services Support (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to support maintenance and
services for the City's fiber network infrastructure. - 120,000 120,000 ITD
Contract Management Software Implementation
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for the implementation of an
enterprise-level contract management system. - 75,0 00 75,000 7-36 Table of Contents 613
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
ITD
Information Security Consulting Services (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for consulting services to implement
shared cybersecurity leadership with neighboring
agencies. $ - 44,000 44,000
LD
Lead Security Services Guard Position (1.0 FTE)
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for a Lead Security Services Guard
position. This position will work with Library staff,
administration, contracted security guards, and
customers to ensure maximum safety and security for
Library customers and employees. - 170,000 170,000
LD
Career Programming (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for an educational program at the
Library that motivates students to earn high school
diplomas. - 100,000 100,000
LD
Library Assistant I/II Position (0.5 FTE) (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for a half-time Library I/II
position. This position will engage with the public and assist with facilitating programs and other public
service needs. This position is offset by $40,000 in
wages in the General Operating Fund. - 89,500 89,50 0
LD
Security Services (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for contract security services for the Library. - 80,000 80,000
Non-
Dept
One-Time Deferred Compensation Employer
Contributions (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for one-time employer paid
deferred compensation contributions per union labor
agreement approved by Council in 2024. - 1,490,000 1,490,000 7-37 Table of Contents 614
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PD
Protective Equipment (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for specialized protective
equipment to support public safety operations,
including ballistic shields and tactical protective vests for specialized response teams. $ - 158,800 158,800
PD
Public Safety Wellness Program Expansion (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for trauma and resiliency wellness
retreats for public safety personnel. - 25,000 25,0 00
PD
Vehicle Equipment (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for the installation of safety
equipment on police vehicles used for training
purposes. - 22,500 22,500
PWD
Sidewalk Ramping, Grinding, and Inspecting Services
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding to continue vendor services to
perform sidewalk ramping and grinding operations,
including bimonthly sidewalk inspections to target
areas needing repair. - 200,000 200,000
PWD
Staff Augmentation for Facilities Section (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for staff augmentation to support
the City's buildings and facilities. Funding is split
between the General Non-Operating Fund and the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. - 200,000 2 00,000 PWD
Hourly Staff to Support the Traffic Section (Limited-
Period)

Provides continued funding for hourly staff to
support the Traffic Section. The section relies on
hourly employees to meet workload and
development review timeline requirements. - 180,000 180,000 PWD
Day Porter Services at Senior Center (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for full-time day porter service at
the Senior Center. - 100,000 100,000
7-38 Table of Contents 615
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
General Fund
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Safe Routes to School (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to continue consultant assistance
for the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program. The
funding is split between the General Non-Operating
Fund and the VTA Measure B Fund. $ - 100,000 100,00 0
PWD
Contract Services to Support Traffic Section
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for a traffic consultant to review
construction project plans for the City. - 72,000 7 2,000

Total General Fund Limited-Period Expenditures $ - 7,930,900 7,930,900

Note: Limited-period items do not show original budget amount due to their one-time nature.

7-39 Table of Contents 616
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds

7-34
Below Market Rate (BMR) Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HD
1020 Terra Bella Ave. (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved for the
1020 Terra Bella Ave. a+ordable housing project.

$ -

7,867,800

7,867,800
HD
57-67 East Evelyn Ave. (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved
for the 57-67 East Evelyn Ave. a+ordable housing
project.

-

6,300,000

6,300,000
Below Market Rate (BMR) Fund Total $ - 14,167,800 1 4,167,800

Conveyance Tax Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
Citywide ObjecŸve Design Standards (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for consultant services to study and
deliver design standards for Citywide development
projects.

$ - 175,000 175,000
Conveyance Tax Fund Total $ - 175,000 175,000

Development Services Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Plan Check, Sta8ng, and InspecŸon Services
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for contract services to perform
mandatory building and fire protecŸon plan check,
sta8ng, and inspecŸon services. $ - 600,000 600,000
FD
Strong MoŸon InstrumentaŸon Program (SMIP)
(Limited-Period)

Rebudgets the balance of funding available for SMIP
funds to be used for a Community Emergency
Response Team (CERT) grant program. - 1,400 1,400
7-40 Table of Contents 617
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Contract Services to Support ConstrucŸon SecŸon
(Limited-Period)

Provides conŸnued funding for consultants to support
development and construcŸon related acŸviŸes in
the ConstrucŸon SecŸon. $ - 230,000 230,000
PWD
Contract Services to Support Land Development
SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides conŸnued funding for consultants to support
development and construcŸon related acŸviŸes in
the Land Development SecŸon. - 60,000 60,000
PWD
Contract Services to Support Tra8c SecŸon (Limited-
Period)

Provides conŸnued funding for consultants to support
development and construcŸon related acŸviŸes in
the Tra8c SecŸon. - 60,000 60,000
PWD
Hourly Sta+ to Support the Land Development
SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides conŸnued funding for hourly sta+ to support
the Land Development SecŸon. The secŸon relies on
hourly employees to meet workload and
development review Ÿmeline requirements. - 60,000 60,000 Development Services Fund Total $ - 1,011,400 1,011 ,400

Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CDD
Parking AdministraŸon and Enforcement (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for consultant services to support
economic development of the Parking District.

$ -

150,000

150,000
Downtown Benefit Assessment Districts Fund Total $ - 150,000 150,000

7-41 Table of Contents 618
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Equipment Maintenance and Replacement Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Hourly Sta+ to Support the Fleet SecŸon (Limited-
Period)

Provides conŸnued funding for hourly sta+ to
conŸnue supporŸng the Fleet SecŸon. The addiŸonal
resources will allow for an on-site fabricator to
perform on-site metal work to create and repair
vehicle and equipment components.

$ -

20,000

20,000

Equipment Maintenance and Replacement Fund
Total $ - 20,000 20,000

General Housing Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CMO
Contract Services for Homelessness IniŸaŸves
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding to support community-based
services for homelessness iniŸaŸves with the
Community Services Agency and Permanent
SupporŸve Housing contract. $ - 250,000 250,000
HD
Contract Services for Housing (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for specialized consultant services to support the Housing Department, including housing
policy analysis, appraisals, construcŸon monitoring,
and inspecŸons. - 100,000 100,000
HD
SoLware ImplementaŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for the acquisiŸon and
implementaŸon of soLware to support a+ordable
housing program administraŸon and asset
management. - 68,000 68,000
HD
Community Outreach (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for community outreach e+orts that
support a+ordable housing policies, programs, and
strategies. - 20,000 20,000
7-42 Table of Contents 619
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
1020 Terra Bella Ave. (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved midyear
for 1020 Terra Bella Ave. a+ordable housing project. $ - 826,500 826,500 General Housing Fund Total $ - 1,264,500 1,264,500

General Liability Insurance Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CAO
Legal Services (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to conŸnue outside counsel for
liŸgaŸon related costs.

$ -

1,500,000

1,500,000
General Liability Insurance Fund Total $ - 1,500,00 0 1,500,000

Housing AcquisiŸon PreservaŸon Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
Housing AcquisiŸon PreservaŸon Program
(Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved for the
implementaŸon of an Housing acquisiŸon
preservaŸon program.

$ -

4,000,000

4,000,000
Housing Acquisition Preservation Fund Total $ - 4,0 00,000 4,000,000

Housing Impact Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HD
96 W. El Camino Real (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved for the 96
W. El Camino Real a+ordable housing project. Funding
is split between the Housing Impact Fund and the
Permanent Local Housing AllocaŸon Fund.

$ -

7,067,600

7,067,600
7-43 Table of Contents 620
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
HD
87 East Evelyn Ave. (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved for the 87
East Evelyn Ave. a+ordable housing project.

$ -

6,848,100

6,848,100
Housing Impact Fund Total $ - 13,915,700 13,915,700

Housing Trust Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
1020 Terra Bella Ave. (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved midyear
for 1020 Terra Bella Ave. a+ordable housing project.

$ -

4,800,000

4,800,000
Housing Trust Fund Total $ - 4,800,000 4,800,000

Permanent Local Housing AllocaŸon Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
96 W. El Camino Real (Rebudget Balance)

Rebudgets the balance of funding approved for the 96
W. El Camino Real a+ordable housing project. Funding
is split between the Permanent Local Housing
AllocaŸon Fund and the Housing Impact Fund.

$ -

630,000

630,000
Permanent Local Housing Allocation Fund Total $ - 6 30,000 630,000

Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CMO
Sustainability CIP Funding (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to the Sustainability CIP for ElecŸc
Vehicle (EV) chargers. Funding is split between the
General Non-OperaŸng Fund and the Shoreline
Regional Park Community Fund. $ - 73,500 73,500
7-44 Table of Contents 621
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
CSD
Biological Services Contract (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for biological contractor services at
Shoreline. $ - 210,000 210,000
PWD
Engineering Assistant I/II PosiŸon (0.5 FTE) (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for a limited-period Engineering
Assistant I/II posiŸon. 0.5 FTE is funded in the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund, 0.25 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund, and 0.25 FTE is funded in
the Wastewater Fund. - 107,600 107,600
PWD
Hourly Sta+ to Support Engineering and
Environmental Compliance SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for hourly sta+ to support capital
improvement projects relaŸng to flood management
and sea level rise. - 60,000 60,000 PWD
Senior Management Analyst Overhire PosiŸon (0.32
FTE) (Limited-Period) ($53,220 o+set by charges to
CIPs)

Provides funding for a Senior Management Analyst
Overhire posiŸon. 0.2 FTE is funded by CIPs, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park Community
Fund, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Solid Waste Fund, 0.2
FTE is funded in the Wastewater Fund, and 0.2 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund. - 53,200 53,200
PWD
Sta+ AugmentaŸon for FaciliŸes SecŸon (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for sta+ augmentaŸon to support
the City's buildings and faciliŸes. Funding is split
between the General Non-OperaŸng Fund and the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund. - 50,000 50 ,000 PWD
Hourly Sta+ to Support Engineering and
Environmental Compliance SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for hourly sta+ to support the
Engineering and Environment Compliance SecŸon.

Funding is split between the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund, Wastewater Fund, and Water Fund. $ - 30,000 30,000 7-45 Table of Contents 622
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund Total $ - 58 4,300 584,300

Solid Waste Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Hazardous Waste Disposal (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to contract vendor to dispose and
treat hazardous waste spilled into the public storm
drain system.

$ -

65,000

65,000
PWD
Senior Management Analyst Overhire PosiŸon (0.32
FTE) (Limited-Period) ($53,220 o+set by charges to
CIPs)

Provides funding for a Senior Management Analyst
Overhire posiŸon. 0.2 FTE is funded by CIPs, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park Community
Fund, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Solid Waste Fund, 0.2
FTE is funded in the Wastewater Fund, and 0.2 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund.

-

53,200

53,200
Solid Waste Fund Total $ - 118,200 118,200

Strategic Property AcquisiŸon Reserve (SPAR)
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
Castle Farms Lease (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for the annual lease payment for a
temporary parking lot at Villa and View Streets.

$ -

173,600

173,600
Strategic Property Acquisition Reserve (SPAR) Total $ - 173,600 173,600

7-46 Table of Contents 623
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

VTA Measure B Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
Non-
Dept
Safe Routes to School (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to conŸnue consultant assistance for
the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program. The
funding is split between the General Non-OperaŸng
Fund and the VTA Measure B Fund.

$ -

84,700

84,700
VTA Measure B Fund Total $ - 84,700 84,700

Wastewater Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Engineering Assistant I/II PosiŸon (0.25 FTE)
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for a limited-period Engineering
Assistant I/II posiŸon. 0.5 FTE is funded in the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund, 0.25 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund, and 0.25 FTE is funded in
the Wastewater Fund. $ - 53,800 53,800
PWD
Senior Management Analyst Overhire PosiŸon (0.32
FTE) (Limited-Period) ($53,220 o+set by charges to
CIPs)

Provides funding for a Senior Management Analyst
Overhire posiŸon. 0.2 FTE is funded by CIPs, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park Community
Fund, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Solid Waste Fund, 0.2
FTE is funded in the Wastewater Fund, and 0.2 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund. - 53,200 53,200
PWD
Hourly Sta+ to Support Engineering and
Environmental Compliance SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for hourly sta+ to support the
Engineering and Environment Compliance SecŸon.

Funding is split between the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund, Wastewater Fund, and Water Fund. - 15,000 15,000 7-47 Table of Contents 624
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Contract Services to Support Engineering and
Environmental Compliance SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for contract services for specialized
assistance in the Engineering and Environmental
Compliance secŸon. Funding is split between the
Water Fund and Wastewater Fund. $ - 10,000 10,000
Wastewater Fund Total $ - 132,000 132,000

Water Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
FASD
Financial Analyst I/II PosiŸon (1.0 FTE) ($245,900
o+set by charges to CIPs) (Limited-Period)

Provides funding to backfill the Financial Analyst
posiŸon for the uŸlity billing system implementaŸon
project. $ - - -
ITD
Business Licensing SoLware Support (Limited-
Period)

Provides funding for an addiŸonal year of support
and maintenance for the City’s business licensing
soLware system. - 47,000 47,000
PWD
Engineering Assistant I/II PosiŸon (0.25 FTE)
(Limited-Period)

Provides funding for a limited-period Engineering
Assistant I/II posiŸon. 0.5 FTE is funded in the
Shoreline Regional Park Community Fund, 0.25 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund, and 0.25 FTE is funded in
the Wastewater Fund. - 53,800 53,800
7-48 Table of Contents 625
Fiscal Year 2026-27
Recommended Budget

LIMITED-PERIOD EXPENDITURES
Other Funds
(ConŸnued)

Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PWD
Senior Management Analyst Overhire PosiŸon (0.32
FTE) (Limited-Period) ($53,220 o+set by charges to
CIPs)

Provides funding for a Senior Management Analyst
Overhire posiŸon. 0.2 FTE is funded by CIPs, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Shoreline Regional Park Community
Fund, 0.2 FTE is funded in the Solid Waste Fund, 0.2
FTE is funded in the Wastewater Fund, and 0.2 FTE is
funded in the Water Fund. $ - 53,200 53,200
PWD
Hourly Sta+ to Support Engineering and
Environmental Compliance SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for hourly sta+ to support the
Engineering and Environment Compliance SecŸon.

Funding is split between the Shoreline Regional Park
Community Fund, Wastewater Fund, and Water Fund. - 15,000 15,000 PWD
Contract Services to Support Engineering and
Environmental Compliance SecŸon (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for contract services for specialized
assistance in the Engineering and Environmental
Compliance secŸon. Funding is split between the
Water Fund and Wastewater Fund. - 10,000 10,000
Water Fund Total $ - 179,000 179,000

Workers' CompensaŸon Self-Insurance Fund
Dept Item
Original
Amount Change
Recom.

Budget
PD
On Duty Health Screening (Limited-Period)

Provides funding for cardiovascular and metabolic
screening services for public safety personnel.

$ -

119,000

119,000
Workers' Compensation Self-Insurance Fund Total $ - 119,000 119,000

Total Other Funds Limited-Period Expenditures $ - 43,025,200 43,025,200

Note: Limited-period items do not show original budget amount due to their one-time nature.

7-49 Table of Contents 626

FISCAL YEAR 2026-27

Recommended

CAPITAL OUTLAY

General Operating Fund

Community Services Department: $ 130,500

Audio/Visual Equipment $ 76,500
Equipment Safety Modification 30,000
Drivable Lift 24,000

Fire Department: 204,900

Reserve Fire Apparatus Equipment 204,900

Police Department: 398,000

Vehicles (4) 373,000
Timekeeping Software 25,000

General Operating Fund Total $ 733,400

7-50 Table of Contents 627
FISCAL YEAR 2026-27

RECOMMENDED

EQUIPMENT REPLACEMENT

Computers

Item Amount
Audio/Visual $ 31,000
Server/Storage 200,000
Switches 200,000
Wi-Fi 55,000
PC/Laptop 384,000
Printer/Scanner 20,000
UPS 10,000
Computers Total $ 900,000

Fleet

Item Amount
Small SUV EV $ 525,000
Patrol Car 520,000
Patrol Car Equip Swap 240,000
Safety Full Size Vehicle 70,000
Safety SUV Equip Swap 20,000
Van-SUV 130,000
Upfit for Van-SUV 30,000
Detective Van-SUV 64,000
Detective/HazMat Van Equipment Swap 20,000
Detective ½ Ton 60,000
Detective Vehicle Equipment Swap 20,000
Fuel Truck 460,000
Compressor Large/Med 88,000
Power Paver 210,000
Chipper, Large 80,000
Stump Grinder w/Trailer 35,000
Cart, Medium 75,000
Cart, Large 70,000
Trailer, Mini 9,000
Trailer, Small 45,000
Trailer, Medium 40,000
Trailer, Large 60,000
Miscellaneous for Small Items 50,000
Fleet Total $ 2,921,000

7-51 Table of Contents 628
FISCAL YEAR 2026-27

RECOMMENDED

EQUIPMENT REPLACEMENT
(Continued)

Golf Equipment

Item Amount
Mower-Fairway $ 110,000
Mower-Rotary Rough (11’) 100,000
Mower-Walk Greens (EV) 17,000
Seeder-Drill 20,500
Utility Vehicle-Light Duty (EV) 39,000
Club Car 15,000
Miscellaneous Small Items 20,000
Golf Equipment Total $ 321,500

Police Equipment

Item Amount
Police Portable (Motorola APX8000) $ 228,000
Police Cars Mobile (Motorola APX8500) 210,000
Communication Center 200,000
Police Total $ 638,000

Computer Aided Dispatch/Records Management System

Item Amount
Mobile Data computer $ 550,000
Data Modems 220,000
Computer Aided Dispatch/Records Management System Total $ 770,000

Equipment Replacement Total $ 5,550,500

7-52 Table of Contents 629

Finance and Administrative Services Department

DATE: May 29, 2026

TO: City Council

FROM: Ann Trinh, Senior Financial Analyst
Grace Zheng, Assistant Finance and Administrative Services Director Derek Rampone, Finance and Administrative Services Director

VIA: Kimbra McCarthy, City Manager

SUBJECT: Fiscal Year 2026-27 Recommended Fee Modifications

INTRODUCTION

As part of the annual budget process, departments r eview their fees and prepare recommendations to modify existing fees, add new fees as appropriate, or eliminate fees that are no longer necessary. Whe n a service provides a direct benefit to an individual, household, or segment of the population—rather than the community at large—a fee may be calculated and recommended to the City Council to recover all or a portion of the cost of providing that service. Th e Master Fee Schedule, which includes the complete listing of City fees, will be updated to reflect City Council actions on June 23, 2026, and published for Fiscal Year 2026-27.

BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS

Each fee recommended for modification, addition, or elimination is listed in Exhibits A through K, whi ch detail the Fiscal Year 2025-26 adopted fee, the Fiscal Year 2026-27 recommended fee, the fee basis, and the proposed effective date. Fees reflected in the exhibits are generally adjusted based on applicabl e indices, including the Consumer Price Index (CPI), salary and benefit adjustments, the Engineering News- Record Construction Cost Index (ENR-CCI), or are up dated based on new contracts or appraisals. Some fees include multiyear adjustments where prior incr eases were deferred or were not sufficient to reach the next rounded dollar amount.

The FY 2026-27 Master Fee Schedule, which includes the complete listing of City fees, will be posted t o the City’s website by July.

CONCLUSION

Departments have reviewed their fees and are recomm ending the new, modified, or eliminated fees detailed in Exhibits A through K. As part of the b udget process, the City will comply with all applic able noticing requirements related to fee adoption.

7-53 Table of Contents 630

Exhibits: A. Fee Schedule—Citywide Administrative
B. Fee Schedule—City Clerk’s Office
C. Fee Schedule—Community Development Department
D. Fee Schedule—Community Services Department
E. Fee Schedule—Finance and Administrative Service s Department F. Fee Schedule—Fire Department
G. Fee Schedule—Information Technology Department
H. Fee Schedule—Housing Department
I. Fee Schedule—Police Department
J. Fee Schedule—Public Works Department
K. Fee Schedule—Utility Services

7-54 Table of Contents 631

FEE SCHEDULE - CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Building Attendant (see Attachment A):

Adobe Building 38.3.g/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026 City Hall: Atrium, Committee Room

38.101/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026
City Hall: Courtyard Lunchroom: Off-
Peak 38.101/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour (1-hour min.) 7/1/2026 City Hall: Courtyard Lunchroom: Peak 38.101/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour (2-hour min.) 7/1/2026 City Hall: Plaza Conference 38.101/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026 City Hall: Rotunda 38.101/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026 Community Center 38.3.g/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026 Senior Center 38.3.g/CP H-5 $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026 Teen Center 38.3.g $31.54 $33.24 Hour 7/1/2026
Copies and Prints:

DVD CP B-3 $1.00 Eliminate DVD
7/1/2026
Memory Sticks CP B-3 $7.45 Eliminate Fixed 7/1/2026
Faxes:

Local CP B-3 $0.50 Eliminate Page 7/1/2026
Long-Distance CP B-3 $2.00 Eliminate Page 7/1/2026
Janitorial Service:

City Hall: Committee Room 38.101/CP H-5 $43.18 Eliminate Hour (2-hour min.) 7/1/2026 §1719(a)(1) $25.00 $25.00 Initial 7/1/2026
§1719(a)(1) $35.00 $35.00 Subsequent 7/1/2026
STAFF HOURLY RATES FOR COST-RECOVERY PLANNING PERMITS (1) Permits submitted prior to August 24, 2024:

Community Development:

Analyst II 36.56.15 $197.00 $207.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Associate Planner 36.56.15 $206.00 $217.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Clerical 36.56.15 $140.00 $147.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Principal Planner 36.56.15 $237.00 $249.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Planner 36.56.15 $223.00 $235.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Housing:

Housing Specialist II 36.56.15 $145.00 $152.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Housing Officer 36.56.15 $164.00 $172.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Project Manager 36.56.15 $171.00 $180.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Management Analyst 36.56.15 $154.00 $162.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Analyst II 36.56.15 $142.00 $149.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Permits submitted on or after August 24, 2024 but before August 9, 2025:

Community Development:

Analyst I/II 36.56.15 $76.00-$134.00 $79.00-$140.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Assistant Planner 36.56.15 $80.00-$129.00 $83.00-$134.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Associate Planner 36.56.15 $87.00-$139.00 $90.00-$144.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Deputy Zoning Administrator 36.56.15 $97.00-$166.00 $100.00-$172.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Fire Protection Engineer 36.56.15 $112.00-$188.00 $113.00-$190.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Junior Planner 36.56.15 $73.00-$120.00 $75.00-$124.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Plan Check Engineer 36.56.15 $93.00-$159.00 $96.00-$165.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Plan Check Examiner 36.56.15 $89.00-$142.00 $92.00-$147.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Return Check (Reimb.)
Payment Fee
Exhibit A, Page 1 of 6
7-55 Table of Contents 632

FEE SCHEDULE - CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Principal Fire Protection Engineer 36.56.15 $117.00-196.00 $118.00-$198.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Principal Planner 36.56.15 $97.00-$166.00 $100.00-$172.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Planner 36.56.15 $90.00-$156.00 $94.00-$162.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Community Services:

Project Admin 36.56.15 $88.00-$140.00 $91.00-$146.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Urban Forest Coordinator 36.56.15 $66.00-$110.00 $68.00-$114.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Urban Forest Supervisor 36.56.15 $93.00-$148.00 $97.00-$153.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Wildlife Preservation Coordinator 36.56.15 $66.00-$110.00 $68.00-$114.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Fire:

Environmental Safety Protection
Ins
pector 36.56.15 $83.00-$133.00 $88.00-$140.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Environmental Safety
Coordinator 36.56.15 $98.00-$154.00 $104.00-$162.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Hazardous Materials Specialist –
Non-Safet
y 36.56.15 $116.00-$178.00 $123.00-$188.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Hazardous Materials
S
pecialist – Non-Safety 36.56.15 $121.00-$185.00 $128.00-$196.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Housing:

Analyst I/II 36.56.15 $76.00-$134.00 $79.00-$140.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Housing Officer 36.56.15 $88.00-$153.00 $91.00-$158.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Housing Specialist I/II 36.56.15 $78.00-$136.00 $81.00-$141.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Project Manager 36.56.15 $97.00-$165.00 $100.00-$171.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Housing Officer 36.56.15 $92.00-$159.00 $96.00-$165.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Management Analyst 36.56.15 $86.00-$150.00 $89.00-$156.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Public Works:

Analyst I/II 36.56.15 $76.00-$134.00 $79.00-$140.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Assistant Engineer (Civil) 36.56.15 $94.00-$148.00 $98.00-$154.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Assistant Engineer (Civil) Hourly 36.56.15 $64.00-$88.00 $66.00-$91.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Associate Engineer (Civil) 36.56.15 $103.00-$160.00 $107.00-$167.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Engineering Assistant I/II/III 36.56.15 $63.00-$114.00 $66.00-$119.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Engineering Assistant I/II/III
Hourl
y 36.56.15 $42.00-$63.00 $43.00-$65.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Junior Engineer (Civil) 36.56.15 $86.00-$137.00 $89.00-$142.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Principal Civil Engineer 36.56.15 $117.00-$196.00 $122.00-$204.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Program Assistant 36.56.15 $63.00-$99.00 $66.00-$103.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Real Property Program
Administrator 36.56.15 $102.00-173.00 $106.00-180.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Civil Engineer 36.56.15 $107.00-$180.00 $111.00-$187.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Management Analyst 36.56.15 $86.00-$150.00 $89.00-$156.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Solid Waste Program Manager 36.56.15 $101.00-$172.00 $105.00-$178.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Exhibit A, Page 2 of 6
7-56 Table of Contents 633

FEE SCHEDULE - CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Traffic Engineer 36.56.15 $120.00-$200.00 $125.00-$208.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Transportation Manager 36.56.15 $117.00-$196.00 $122.00-$204.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Transportation Planner 36.56.15 $107.00-$180.00 $111.00-$187.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Transportation Planner Hourly 36.56.15 $74.00-$112.00 $76.00-$116.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Permits submitted on or after August 9, 2025:(2)
Community Development:(3)
Assistant/Associate Planner 36.56.15 $275.00 $289.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Planner 36.56.15 $306.00 $322.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Principal Planner/Deputy Zoning
Administrator 36.56.15 $321.00 $338.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Housing Department:

Housing Specialist II 36.56.15 $130.00 $137.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Analyst I/II 36.56.15 $171.00 $180.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Affordable Housing Manager 36.56.15 $248.00 $261.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Public Works Department:(4)
Assistant/Associate Civil Engineer
-
Land Development 36.56.15 $436.00 $459.00 Hour 8/22/2026 Senior Civil Engineer - Land
Develo
pment 36.56.15 $470.00 $495.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Principal Civil Engineer - Land
Develo
pment 36.56.15 $481.00 $506.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Assistant/Associate Civil Engineer -
Traffic 36.56.15 $211.00 $222.00 Hour 8/22/2026
Senior Civil Engineer - Traffic 36.56.15 $245.00 $258.00 Hour 8/22/2026 City Traffic Engineer 36.56.15 $309.00 $325.00 Hour 8/22/2026 NOTE
: Bold font indicates language added, and strikeout indicates language deleted. (2) Technology Fee is a surcharge applied as 5% of the total permit fee for all Planning, Public Works, and Building permits in the Development Services Fund to recover a portion of the City's annual technology expenditures to accept, process, issue, and inspect development permit activites.
(1) This rate applies to projects submitting for Planning Permits that are subject to an hourly fee for applicable staff time in order to be fully cost-recovered per Administrative Instructions No. 2-18. (3) This staff hourly rate cumulatively includes the fully-burdened per hour rate of the assigned Planner and a percentage of the per hour rate of the positions noted per Administrative Instructions No. 2-18: Exhibit A, Page 3 of 6 7-57 Table of Contents 634

FEE SCHEDULE - CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Percentage of
Hourly Rate
Cost Per Hour
(Effective
8/9/2025)
Cost Per Hour
(Effective
8/22/2026)
100% $175.74 $185.20
100% $213.09 $224.50
100% $237.50 $250.30
Added to the assigned Planner Hourly Rate:
2% $3.95 $4.10
2% $5.22 $5.50
2% $3.07 $3.20
2% $3.21 $3.30
25% $58.18 $61.30
20% $55.15 $58.10
6% $16.04 $16.90
8% $21.39 $22.50
15% $40.10 $42.20
3% $6.24 $6.50
10% $20.81 $21.90
2% $4.68 $4.90
3% $7.02 $7.30
Percentage of
Hourly Rate
Cost Per Hour
(Effective
8 /9/2025)
Cost Per Hour
(Effective
8/22/2026)
100% $208.17 $219.40
100% $245.07 $258.30
100% $293.24 $309.00
10% $30.74 $32.30
30% $73.70 $77.60
30% $67.41 $71.00
15% $30.44 $32.00
5% $13.37 $14.00
15% $40.10 $42.20
5% $6.19 $6.50
7% $8.66 $9.10
10% $12.37 $13.00
Position
One Assigned Planner Per Project:

Assistant/Associate Planner
Senior Planner
Deputy Zoning Administrator/Principal Planner
Building Plan Checker
Fire Protection Engineer
Environmental Safety and Protection Inspector
Urban Forestry
Planner Supervisor (e.g. Senior Planner, Deputy Zoning
For Assist/Assoc. Planner
For Senior Planner
Current Planning Manager
For Assist/Assoc. Planner
For Senior Planner
For Deputy Zoning Admin/Principal Planner
Assistant Community Development Director
For Assist/Assoc./Senior Planner
For Deputy Zoning Admin/Principal Planner
For Deputy Zoning Admin/Principal Planner
Solid Waste
Position
One Assigned Civil Engineer - Land Development Per
Assistant/Associate Civil Engineer
Senior Civil Engineer
For Assist/Assoc. Civil Engineer
For Senior Civil Engineer
For Principal Civil Engineer
(4) This staff hourly rate cumulatively includes the fully-burdened per hour rate of the assigned Civil Engineer - Land Development and a percentage of the per hour rate of the positions noted per Administrative Instructions No. 2-18:

Supervising Engineer (For Assist/Assoc. Civil Engineer
Principal Civil Engineer
For Assist/Assoc. Civil Engineer
For Senior Civil Engineer
Assistant Public Works Director
Principal Civil Engineer
Added to the assigned Civil Engineer Hourly Rate:

Transportation Planner
Public Service Civil Engineer
Senior Assistant City Attorney
For Assist/Assoc./Senior Planner
Exhibit A, Page 4 of 6
7-58 Table of Contents 635

FEE SCHEDULE - CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE
FACILITIES RENTAL REQUIREMENTS¹ ATTACHMENT A
ADOBE BUILDING CITY HALL (Atrium, Council Chambers, Plaza Conference Room, Rotunda)
Peak: Peak:

Thu–Sun, Holidays, 8:00 a.m.–11:00 p.m. Mon - Fri, 5:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m.; 2-hour minimum usage2 Sat., Sun., and Holidays, 8:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 2-hour minimum usage 2-hour minimum Building Attendant2
Off Peak
: 2-hour minimum janitorial service3
Mon–Wed, 8:00 a.m.–11:00 p.m.
2-hour minimum usage2 Off Peak:
2-hour minimum janitorial service3 Mon - Fri, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 1-hour minimum usage
1-hour minimum Building Attendant2
No janitorial service

COMMUNITY CENTER RENGSTORFF HOUSE
Peak
: Peak:

Fri, 5:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. Fri, 8:30 a.m. - 12:00 midnight Sat., Sun., Holidays, 8:00 a.m.–11:00 p.m. Sat., Sun., Holidays, 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 midnight 2-hour minimum usage 2-hour minimum usage
2-hour Building Attendant2,5 2-hour minimum Building Attendant2,5 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 Off Peak
: Off Peak:

Mon–Thu, 8:30 a.m.–10:00 p.m. Mon - Thu, 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 midnight Fri 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 2-hour minimum usage
1-hour minimum usage 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 No Building Attendant6 No Building Attendant6
No janitorial service4

SENIOR CENTER TEEN CENTER
Peak
: Peak:

Friday, 5:00 p.m.–12:00 midnight Thursday/Friday, 5:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m.

Saturday, Sunday, Holidays, 8:00 a.m.–12:00 midnight Saturday, Sunday, Holidays, 8:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 2-hour minimum usage 2-hour minimum usage
2-hour minimum Building Attendant2,5 2-hour minimum Building Attendant2,5 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 Off Peak
: Off Peak:

Monday–Thursday, 8:30 a.m.–12:00 midnight Monday–Wednesday, 8:30 a.m.–10:00 p.m.

Friday, 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Thursday/Friday, 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. 2-hour minimum usage 2-hour minimum usage
2-hour minimum janitorial service3 2-hour minimum janitorial service3 No Building Attendant6 No Building Attendant6

FACILITY
Exhibit A, Page 5 of 6
7-59 Table of Contents 636

FEE SCHEDULE - CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE
FACILITIES RENTAL REQUIREMENTS¹ ATTACHMENT A
McKELVEY BALL PARK COMMUNITY ROOM RENGSTORFF PARK AQUATICS CENTER MULTI-

PURPOSE ROOM
Monday
–Sunday, Holidays, 8:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m. Monday–Sunday, Holidays, 8:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m. 2-hour minimum usage 2-hour minimum usage
2-hour minimum Building Attendant2,5 2-hour minimum Building Attendant2,5,6 2-hour minimum janitorial service3, 4 2-hour minimum janitorial service3, 4 [1] As governed by Council Policy H-5 and MVCC Section 38.11. [2] The facility rental rate per hour includes the cost of a Building Attendant ($33.24/hour). [3] Janitorial rate is currently $44.69/hour (46.25/hour effective 1/1/2027), subject to change, with a 2-hour minimum. [5] The Building Attendant rate is $33.24/hour, subject to change. [4] Janitorial fees may apply if the reservation is for a party, event, or large group. Janitorial rate is currently $44.69/hour, subject to change, with a two-hour minimum. [6] A Building Attendant may be required after normal business hours, or for a party, event, or large group, the current fee is $33.24/hour.

Exhibit A, Page 6 of 6
7-60 Table of Contents 637

FEE SCHEDULE - CITY CLERK'S OFFICE
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
City Code:

City Code Binder CP B-3 $380.00 Eliminate Year 7/1/2026 City Code Sections (4+ pgs.) CP B-3 $0.25 Eliminate Pag e 7/1/2026 City Code Supplementals (annual
sub)
CP B-3 $70.00 Eliminate Year 7/1/2026
Subdivision Ordinance CP B-3 $6.00 Eliminate Fixed 7/1/2026 Facility Reservation/Rental:

Committee Room 38.101; CP H-5 Building
Attendant
Eliminate Hour 7/1/2026
NOTE: Bold font indicates language added, and strikeout indicates language deleted.

Exhibit B, Page 1 of 1
7-61 Table of Contents 638

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE

BUILDING SERVICES
Change of Address - One and Two
Family Residential, ADU 8.3.1(c) $288.00 $303.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 Change of Address - All Other Buildings 8.3.1(c) $451 .00 $475.00 Per Building 8/22/2026 Alternate Materials and Methods
Request
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 104.11; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R104.11; Cal. Fire
Code Sec. 104.10;

8.10.10 $1,036.00 $1,091.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Special Inspector Qualifications Review
& List Fee - New
Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 $415.00 $437.00 Per Application 8/22/2026
Special Inspector Qualifications Review
& List Fee - Renewal
Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 $256.00 $269.00 Per Renewal 8/22/2026
Digital Imaging 8.10.12 $2.00 Eliminate Sheet
7/1/2026
Preapproved ADU - Vendor Application AB 1332 (2023) N /A $1,250.00 Per Application 8/22/2026 Building and Fire Protection Inspections:

Code Compliance - Building
Inspection
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 110; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R109; 8.10.10
$895.00 $943.00 Per Inspection
(4-hour min.) 8/22/2026
Building Inspection - outside of
normal business hours (any
inspection over 2 hours is charged
per hour thereafter)
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 110; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R109; 8.10.10
$388.00 $408.00 Per Inspection
(2-hour min.) 8/22/2026
Building Inspection per hour or for
which no fee is specified
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 110; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R109; 8.10.10
$207.00 $218.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Electrical Inspections Not Covered by
Table 1-B
Cal. Elec. Code
Sec. 105; 8.10.10 $207.00 $218.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Mechanical Inspections Not Covered
by Table 1-C
Cal. Mech. Code
Sec. 105; 8.10.10 $207.00 $218.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Plumbing Inspections Not Covered by
Table 1-D
Cal. Plmb. Code
Sec. 105; 8.10.10 $207.00 $218.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Building Reinspection - no show
attendance, or not inspection-ready
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 110; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R109; 8.10.10
$415.00 $437.00 Per Reinspection 8/22/2026
Exhibit C, Page 1 of 17
7-62 Table of Contents 639

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Special Building Inspections and
Investigative Inspections
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 110; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R109; 8.10.10
$229.00 $241.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Code Compliance - Fire Protection
Inspection
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 108 $1,098.00 $1,157.00 Per Inspection
(4-hour min.) 8/22/2026
Fire Protection Inspection - outside
business hours (any inspection over 2
hours is charged per hour thereafter)
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 108 $569.00 $599.00 Per Inspection
(2-hour min.) 8/22/2026
Fire Protection Inspection per hour
or where no fee is specified
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 108 $297.00 $313.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Fire Protection Reinspection - no
show attendance, or not inspection-
read
y
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 108 $595.00 $627.00 Per Reinspection 8/22/2026
Fire Protection Special Inspection or
Investigation
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 108 $297.00 $313.00 Per Hour 8/22/2026
Fire Suppression or Alarm System
Inspection
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 108; 8.10.10 $840.00 $885.00 Per Inspection
(3-hour min.) 8/22/2026
Building Permits and Plan Checks:

E-Permit N/A Included in other
permits Eliminate % 7/1/2026
Express Permit(1) Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 $271.00 $285.00 Added to Permit
Fee 8/22/2026
Revision or deferred submittal to an
issued building permit, including
electrical, mechanical, and plumbing
permits

8.10.10 $433.00 $456.00 Per Hour (1-hour
min) 8/22/2026
Permit Extension - building,
mechanical, plumbing, electrical
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 105.3.2; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R105.3.2; 8.10.10
$412.00 $434.00 Per Hour (1-hour
min) 8/22/2026
Reactivation of Expired Building
Permit Application
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 105; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R105; 8.10.10
$140.00 $147.00 per permit 8/22/2026
Nonspecific Office Task: All Other 8.31(b); §18435-

44.5 $65.00 Eliminate Hour (1-hour min.)
7/1/2026
Fire Permits and Plan Checks:

Revision or deferred submittal to an
issued fire permit
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 106; 8.10.10 $334.00 $352.00 Per Hour (1 hour
min.) 8/22/2026
Exhibit C, Page 2 of 17
7-63 Table of Contents 640

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Smoke Control System (incl. Fire
inspections)
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 106; 8.10.10 $3,527.00 $3,717.00 Per Permit 8/22/2026 Emergency Responder
Communication Systems (ERRCS)
(incl. Fire inspections)
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 106; 8.10.10 $3,931.00 $4,143.00 Per Permit 8/22/2026 As-Built Review Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 106; 8.10.10 $506.00 $533.00 Per Permit 8/22/2026
Permit Extension - Fire
Cal. Fire Code
Sec. 105.2.3;

8.10.10 $412.00 $434.00 Per Hour (1 hour
min.) 8/22/2026
Temporary Certificate of Occupancy -
All Other
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 111; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R110; Cal. Fire
Code Sec.
105.3.4; 8.10.10
$1,637.00 $1,725.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Temporary Certificate of Occupancy -
Single Family, ADU, or Comm. T.I.

Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 111; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R110; Cal. Fire
Code Sec.
105.3.4; 8.10.10
$719.00 $757.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Reactivation of Expired Fire Permit
Application
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 105; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R105; 8.10.10
$140.00 $147.00 Per Permit 8/22/2026
Photovoltaic (solar)
Permit—Commercial (actual system
installation only)

8.3 25% of fees
calculated based
on Master Fee
Schedule
Eliminate
Permit (see
Attachments B
through E)
7/1/2026
Photovoltaic (Solar) Residential:

Building Permit 8.29.7 Table 1-A (see
Att. B
) Eliminate City Building
Valuation Table 7/1/2026
Building Plan Check 8.29.7 65% of Building
Permit Fee Eliminate Plan Check
7/1/2026
Electrical Permit 8.29.7 Table 1-B (see
Att. C
) Eliminate Permit 7/1/2026
Electrical Plan Check 8.29.7 65% of Electrical
Permit Eliminate Plan Check
7/1/2026
Exhibit C, Page 3 of 17
7-64 Table of Contents 641

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Photovoltaic (Solar) Permits:

For Commercial Properties
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 105; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R105; 8.10.10; AB
1124 (2021)
25% of total
permit fees per
Table 1-A (see
Att. B) + Table 1-
B (see Att. C)
Per Table 1-A
(see Att. B) +
Table 1-B (see
Att. C), not to
exceed a max. fee
of $1,000 plus $7
per kW between
51kW to 250kW
and plus $5 per
kW above
250kW
(2)
Per Permit 8/22/2026
For ADU, Single-Family, and Duplex
Properties

8.10.10; Reso.

No. 17985 AB
1124 (2021)
65% of total
permits fees per
Table 1-A (see
Att. B) + Table 1-
B (see (Att. C)
Per Table 1-A
(see Att. B) +
Table 1-B (see
Att. C), not to
exceed a max. fee
of $450 plus $15
per kW above
15kW
(2)
Per Permit 8/22/2026
For permit submitted through
SolarApp+

8.10.10; SB 379
(2022) N/A
Same permit fee
listed above for
single-family,
ADU, and duplex
properties +
SolarAPP+
convenience fee
(paid directly to
SolarApp+)
Per Permit 8/22/2026
For Multifamily Residential
Properties

8.10.10; AB 1124
(2021)
65% of total
permit fees per
Table 1-A (see
Att. B) + Table 1-
B (see Att. C)
Per Table 1-A
(see Att. B) +
Table 1-B (see
Att. C), not to
exceed a max. fee
of $1,000 plus $7
per kW between
51kW to 250kW
and plus $5 per
kW above
250kW
(2)
Per Permit 8/22/2026
Multifamily Reroofing Permit Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 N/A Table 1-A (see
Att. B
) Per Permit 8/22/2026
Water Heater/Tankless Water
Heater Replacement Permit
Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 Table 1-D (Att. E) Table 1-D (Att. E) Per Permit 7/1/2 026 Same-Day Permits (for Single-Family Residential and Duplexes):

Exhibit C, Page 4 of 17
7-65 Table of Contents 642

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Multifamily Water Heater
Replacement Permit
Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 N/A
Table 1-B (see
Att. C) + Table 1-
D
(Att. E)
Per Permit 8/22/2026
Battery Energy Storage System
(BESS)
Cal. Gov. Code
Sec. 66014 N/A
Table 1-B (see
Att. C) + Table 1-
D
(Att. E)
Per Permit 8/22/2026
Appeal to Council - In R1 District 8.10.18 $4,072.00 $ 4,291.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 Appeal to Council - In Any Other 8.10.18 $5,118.00 $5 ,394.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 Staff Research Fee Gov. Code Sec. $172.00 $181.00 Per hour 8/22/2026 Duplication of Plans
Cal. Health &
Safety Code Sec.
19851
$410.00 $432.00 Per Address 8/22/2026
Building Code Modification or
Alternate Re
quest
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 104.10 $586.00 $617.00 Per Application 8/22/2026
Administrative Occupancy Permit
(includes inspection)
Cal. Bldg. Code
Sec. 105.1 $420.00 $442.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Reactivation of Expired Previously
Issued Permit for Inspection Purposes
(includes inspection)
Ca
l. Bldg. Code
Sec. 110; Cal.

Resi. Code Sec.

R109; Cal. Fire
Code Sec. 108;

8.10.10 $531.00 $559.00 Per Permit 8/22/2026
Demolition of building(s) Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $97.00 $102.00
per application,
paid at building
plan check
8/22/2026
Single-Family Residential, Duplexes,
ADUs - Additions/New Construction
Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $388.00 $408.00
per application,
paid at building
plan check
8/22/2026
Remodel and/or Site
Improvements
Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $486.00 $512.00
per application,
paid at building
plan check
8/22/2026
3 - 15 units (total cost) Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $5,127.00 $5,403.00 per application 8/22/2026
and each additional unit over
15 units
Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $77.00 $81.00 per unit per
a
pplication 8/22/2026
Commercial T.I. - Interior Only Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $583.00 $614.00 per application 8/22/2026
Commercial T.I. - Interior and
Exterior
Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $911.00 $960.00 per application 8/22/2026
New Construction (80% paid at building plan check; remaining 20% paid prior to building permit issuance) 0-5,000 square feet Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $3,183.00 $3,354.00 per application 8/22/2026
5,001 to 10,000 square feet Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $5,127.00 $5,403.00 per application 8/22/2026
Plan Check Review and Inspection - Planning Fees
Other Permits and Fees:

Multifamily Residential
Nonresidential
New Construction (80% paid at building plan check; remaining 20% paid prior to building permit issuance) Exhibit C, Page 5 of 17
7-66 Table of Contents 643

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
10,001 to 100,000 square feet Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $7,071.00 $7,452.00 per application 8/22/2026
Each additional 1,000 square
feet thereafter
Over 100,000 square feet
Gov. Code Sec.
66014 $9,856.00 $10,388.00 per application 8/22/2026

PARKING
New Construction Resolution
14763, 18082 $64,472.00 $66,019.00 Space 1/1/2027
Change of Use
Reso 18082,
Downtown
Precise Plan
Table II-2
$32,237.00 $33,010.00 Space 1/1/2027
Downtown:

Annual 19.92.1; Reso
17820 $413.00 $419.00 Space 1/1/2027
Daily 19.92.1; Reso
17820 $136.00 $138.00 25 Daily Permits 1/1/2027
Monthly 19.92.1; Reso
17820 $70.00 $71.00 Space 1/1/2027
Quarterly 19.92.1; Reso
17820 $136.00 $138.00 Space 1/1/2027

PLANNING
Alcoholic Beverage License (ZA review)
CA Bus. & Prof.

Code Sec.
23958.4
$4,490.00 $4,732.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Appeal to Community Development
Director 36.56.15 $2,904.00 $3,060.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
In R1 District 36.56.50 $6,755.00 $7,119.00 Fixed 8/22/2 026 In Any other District 36.56.50 $8,939.00 $9,421.00 Fixe d 8/22/2026 Cannabis Business Screening
A
pplication (ZA Review) 36.30.85 $9,212.00 $9,709.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 CC&R Review Amendment (Admin
Review
) 36.56.15 $1,011.00 $1,065.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
CC&R Review - New
(Admin Review) 36.56.15 $3,835.00 $4,042.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 Covenant or
Notice of Development Restrictions 36.56.15 $1,420.00 $1,496.00 Fee + County Recording Fee 8/22/2026
Mills Act Agreement 36.56.15 $2,619.00 $2,760.00 Fee + County Recordin
g Fee 8/22/2026
All Other Recorded Documents 36.56.15 $3,574.00 $3,766 .00 Fee + County Recordin
g Fee 8/22/2026
Appeal to Council (50% of application fee—not to exceed):

Recorded Document Preparation:(1)
In-Lieu Parking:

Parking Permits:

Exhibit C, Page 6 of 17
7-67 Table of Contents 644

FEE SCHEDULE - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
TITLE

STATE/ CITY

CODE/ COUNCIL

POLICY (CP)/
OTHER

FISCAL YEAR
2025-26

ADOPTED

FISCAL YEAR
2026-27
RECOM.

FEE BASIS EFFECTIVE
DATE
Annual Review 36.54.30 $2,408.00 $2,538.00 Fixed 8/22/20 26 Application for Designation
(ZA and Council Review) 36.56.15 $9,449.00 $9,959.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 For City Designated Property Review
(ZA Review) 36.56.15 $5,957.00 $6,278.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 For State or National
Eligible/Designated Property Review
(ZA and Council Review)

36.56.15 $10,775.00 $11,356.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Informal Review 36.56.15 $3,004.00 $3,166.00 Fixed 8/22/ 2026 Preliminary Application per State Law
(e.g. SB 330, etc.)
Gov. Code Sec.

Section
65941.1(a);

36.56.15 $1,779.00 $1,875.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Renoticing Fee
(1) 36.56.15 &

36.56.20 $1,549.00 $1,632.00 Per Rescheduled
Hearing 8/22/2026
Staff Research Fee $175.00 $184.00 Per hour
(1 hr. min) 8/22/2026
Gatekeeper Pre-Authorization
Application (Council Review) 36.56.15 $12,410.00 $13,080.00 Fixed 8/22/2026 Gatekeeper Pre-Authorization
Application - Project less than 1 acre
(Council Review)

36.56.15 $9,307.00 $9,809.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Child-Care Center 36.56.15 $1,892.00 $1,994.00 Fixed 8/2 2/2026 New Minor CUP (e.g. Parking
Reduction
) 36.56.15 $6,028.00 $6,353.00 Fixed 8/22/2026
Nonprofit Housing Needs, Meals, and
Similar Programs Operated by
Nonprofit Agencies

← All documents from this meeting