Newark City Council
January 22, 2026

1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MEMO
This memo consists of the following main sections:
 Section 2: Inventory Overview outlines considerations for preparing community GHG emissions inventories, summarizes industry-leading protocols and methods for inventories, discusses inventory boundaries, and describes the emissions sectors and sources included and excluded in the community GHG emissions inventory.  Section 3: Data, Methods, and Assumptions describes the data, methods, and assumptions used in the community inventory and presents GHG emissions estimates by sector.  Section 4: Summary of Results provides a high-level summary of community GHG emissions estimates for 2022. 2 INVENTORY OVERVIEW

2.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING AN INVENTORY
Nations, states, local jurisdictions, public agencies, and corporations estimate GHG emissions for different purposes.

Several approaches exist to quantify GHG emissions, and the method chosen by governments or private entities is driven by the purpose of developing an inventory. State, federal, and international agencies have developed protocols and recommendations for local governments preparing GHG emissions inventories at the community level.

2.1.1 Production-based Inventories
The GHG emissions inventory approach, generally used by local governments in the climate action planning process, known as a “production-based” inventory, estimates GHG emissions generated by activities occurring within a defined boundary during a single year. This has become the standard approach recommended by industry protocols and includes emissions generated from community activities within the jurisdictional boundary of the inventory, such as those emitted from natural gas furnaces used for heating buildings throughout a community. It also includes certain “trans-boundary” emissions associated with activities occurring within the inventory’s boundary but released into the atmosphere outside the boundary. For example, electricity emissions in a production-based inventory are attributed to a community based on electricity consumption within the inventory boundary, even if the electricity was generated and produced GHG emissions outside the inventory boundary.

This memo addresses the inventory of GHG emissions from community activities that were developed using a production-based approach. This is consistent with recommendations and guidance from industry protocols (described further in Section 2.2) and State agencies, including the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). Production-based inventories provide local governments with the information needed to develop effective climate action policies within their communities; because of this, the production-based inventory method is the most common approach taken by local governments across California and the nation.

2.2 PROTOCOLS AND METHODOLOGIES

2.2.1 Protocols for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Several inventory protocols have been developed to provide guidance to communities and local governments to account for emissions accurately and consistently. ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) develops protocols for local-scale accounting of emissions that have become the industry standard for local governments developing GHG emissions inventories.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

The most recent guidance for preparing community-scale emissions inventories is ICLEI’s July 2019 publication US Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Community Protocol), Version 1.2 (ICLEI 2019). State agencies, including CARB and OPR, recommend that jurisdictions prepare community GHG emissions inventories using the guidelines included in the Community Protocol (CARB 2017a:100; OPR 2017:226).

The Community Protocol identifies six principles for GHG accounting and reporting. These principles were adapted from internationally recognized sources and were used to guide the development of the Community Protocol. ICLEI recommends that local governments consider the principles when preparing an inventory. The GHG accounting and reporting principles are summarized below.
 Relevance, Including Policy Relevance, and Utility for Users: An inventory's ultimate objective and intent should be considered during the inventory development process. Inventories should be organized in an understandable and useful way for policymakers and the public while appropriately reflecting community GHG emissions and enabling the evaluation of emissions trends over time.
 Accuracy: GHG emissions accounting methods that are expected to systematically under- or overestimate emissions should be avoided. Decisionmakers should be able to act with reasonable assurance regarding the integrity of emissions estimates.
 Completeness: Community GHG emissions inventories should be as comprehensive as possible and include all emissions associated with the community, as well as community GHG emissions “sinks” (i.e., the opposite of an emissions source; any reservoir, natural or otherwise, that accumulates and stores GHG emissions)1 .
 Measurability: Methods used to quantify GHG emissions should be readily available, adequately substantiated, of known quality, and updated regularly as established methods evolve.  Consistency and Comparability: Community inventories should consistently use preferred, established methods to enable tracking of emissions over time, evaluation of reduction measures effectiveness, and comparison between communities. Alternative methods should be documented and disclosed.  Transparency: All relevant data sources, methods, and assumptions should be disclosed and described to allow for future review and replication. Similarly, all relevant issues should be documented and addressed coherently.

Consistent with the above principles, as well as industry standards and best practices, the City’s inventory of GHG emissions from community activities primarily follows methodologies provided by the Community Protocol. It also follows methodologies from CARB for certain sectors and sources not included in the Community Protocol.

2.2.2 California Air Resources Board Methods
Each year, CARB develops and publishes the California GHG Emission Inventory Data for emissions statewide in California. CARB follows Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for national reporting, and its approach and many of its methods align with the Community Protocol. As climate change science and GHG emissions accounting practices have evolved, CARB has implemented additional methodologies for certain emissions sectors and sources that are not included in the Community Protocol.

The inventory is aligned with the CARB inventory as much as possible. Consistency with the State’s methodologies and approaches will be beneficial for upcoming phases of the CAN development process, including estimating projected GHG emissions in the future (i.e., forecasting emissions), setting GHG emissions reduction targets, and measuring progress towards established targets.

Newark’s inventory uses methods provided by CARB and the California GHG Emission Inventory for several emissions sectors and sources. For example, although the Community Protocol recommends using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) NONROAD model, emissions from off-road vehicles and equipment used in Newark were 1 This GHG emissions inventory and Newark’s Climate Action Plan Update focus on emissions sources; it does not incorporate an analysis of emissions sinks.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

obtained from CARB’s OFFROAD model, which provides more geographic-specific emissions estimates for California using the best available data.

2.3 EMISSIONS SECTORS AND SOURCES
There are several approaches for categorizing and grouping GHG emissions in inventories. Generally, communitygenerated GHG emissions are organized into emissions sectors, which typically include:
 Building energy
 Transportation
 Solid waste
 Water
 Wastewater
Sometimes, community sectors are broken down further, such as residential building energy and nonresidential building energy, and sectors may also be combined, such as water and wastewater. Local governments may also include additional relevant sectors, such as agriculture.

The purpose of categorizing GHG emissions into broad sectors is to provide local governments and the public with a useful organization of the community’s emissions. Importantly, GHG emissions sectors may not align directly with economic sectors (e.g., hospitality), but there may be overlap for some communities.

Within GHG emissions sectors, emissions are generated in a variety of ways. For example, motor vehicles burn fossil fuels and emit GHGs directly into the atmosphere; the electricity used in homes and businesses produces indirect emissions from power plants; and solid waste that ends up in landfills breaks down and releases GHG emissions over time. The Community Protocol organizes different types of community-generated GHG emissions into two categories:
 GHG emissions sources are those that release emissions directly into the atmosphere due to any physical process that occurs within the jurisdictional boundary of the inventory. Natural gas combustion for heating in homes and diesel fuel combustion in motor vehicles within the community are examples of GHG emissions sources.  GHG emissions activities are those that release emissions into the atmosphere either directly or indirectly due to the use of energy, materials, and/or services within the community. For example, GHG emissions from a community’s electricity use are accounted for and considered GHG emissions activities, even if the burning of fossil fuels to generate the electricity occurred and produced emissions outside of the inventory boundary.

For the sake of clarity, this memo uses “GHG emissions sources” to represent both direct in-boundary emissions sources and indirect emissions that are produced out-of-boundary as a result of activities within the community. The GHG emissions sources in the community inventory are organized under six sectors: building energy, on-road transportation, off-road vehicles and equipment, solid waste, water supply, and wastewater treatment. Explicitly excluded emissions are discussed in Section 2.4.2.

2.3.1 Community Protocol-Compliant Sources
When developing a community inventory, local governments need to determine what will be included in the inventory scope. This may be influenced by factors such as the purpose and intended narrative of the inventory, the reporting framework used, and the GHG emissions sources present in the community. While local governments have some flexibility in determining an inventory’s scope, the Community Protocol requires the inclusion of a minimum of five emissions sources in community inventories:

1. Use of electricity by the community.

2. Use of fuel in residential and commercial stationary combustion equipment.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

3. On-road passenger and freight motor vehicle travel.

4. Use of energy in potable water and wastewater treatment and distribution.

5. Generation of solid waste by the community.

The Community Protocol strongly encourages local governments to include other emissions-generating sources in accounting and reporting. The following section outlines considerations for including additional sources.

2.3.2 Additional Sources
Many local governments go beyond the minimum requirements of the Community Protocol. Beyond the five emissions sources required by the Community Protocol, the additional GHG emissions sources included in a community inventory are determined by the jurisdiction conducting the inventory. The Community Protocol recommends the Local Government Significant Influence reporting framework, where local governments account for all emissions sources over which they have authority or significant influence. The additional source included in Newark’s community inventory is off-road vehicles and equipment. This approach benefits the overall climate action planning process because it emphasizes the emissions sources that the local government has the greatest ability to address (ICLEI 2019:29).

2.4 BOUNDARIES
The scope and boundary chosen for estimating GHG emissions may vary depending on the focus and/or intent of the inventory. For example, while corporate inventories use the concept of ownership to guide GHG emissions accounting—where emissions generated by all sources and activities owned by the entity are accounted for, regardless of where emissions are produced—community-scale inventories serve to convey information about emissions associated with politically defined communities (ICLEI 2019:12).

As described in the previous sections, production-based community inventories include emissions that are produced within a community’s geographic boundary, as well as those that are produced outside the boundary but result from activities within the community. Regardless of location within or outside of a community’s boundary, upstream emissions generated by the consumption of goods and services are excluded from production-based inventories.

Inventories following the Community Protocol must include several emissions sources; however, certain emissions sources located within the inventory boundary may be excluded from a community inventory. The following section outlines considerations and the decision-making framework for determining what GHG emissions sources are included or excluded from an inventory.

2.4.1 Inventory Boundaries
CAN aims to reduce GHG emissions from sources within Newark for which the City has operational control, regulatory authority, or significant influence. As a result, the community inventory includes emissions generated from activities that occur within the geographic boundaries of Newark and over which the City has operational control, regulatory authority, or significant influence. The inventory does not include emissions generated from activities located within Newark’s geographic boundary but outside of its jurisdiction, as the City does not have operational control, regulatory authority, or significant influence over these emissions sources. For example, industrial facilities regulated by California’s Cap-and-Trade program are overseen by the State and are therefore not included in the inventory.

The GHG emissions sectors and sources included and excluded in the 2022 community inventory are presented in Table 1. Additionally, Table 1 identifies the protocol that provided the methodology for estimating GHG emissions from each emissions source. Emissions sources that identify multiple protocols use a combination of data and methods from multiple protocols. For example, off-road vehicles and equipment calculations used methods consistent with IPCC and the Community Protocol but substituted California-specific data obtained from CARB for more geographic-specific data.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

Table 1 Summary of Sectors and Sources in Newark’s 2022 Community Inventory Sector/Source Included Excluded Protocol(s)
Community Inventory
On-Road Transportation
On-Road Transportation
Emissions from 100 percent of vehicle trips
within Newark’s geographic boundary
(internal-internal) and 50 percent of vehicle
trips starting or ending outside Newark’s
geographic boundary (internal-external and
external-internal)
Emissions from 100 percent of passthrough vehicle trips starting and ending outside Newark’s geographic boundary
(external-external)
Community
Protocol
Building Energy
Electricity
Emissions associated with all electricity
consumed within Newark’s geographic
boundary
NA Community
Protocol
Natural Gas Emissions from natural gas consumed within
Newark’s geographic boundary NA Community Protocol
Backup Generators
Emissions from diesel, natural gas, and
gasoline consumed in backup generators
within Newark’s geographic boundary
NA Community
Protocol
Industrial Processes Emissions from the combustion of waste oil within Newark’s geographic boundary NA Community Protocol Solid Waste
Community-Generated
Solid Waste
Emissions from all waste generated within
Newark’s geographic boundary NA ClearPath
Composting Emissions from compost generated within
Newark’s geographic boundary NA CARB
Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment
Off-Road Vehicles and
Equipment
Emissions from off-road vehicles and
equipment within Newark’s geographic
boundary
NA Community
Protocol/CARB
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Emissions associated with wastewater
generated within Newark’s geographic
boundary
NA Community
Protocol
Water Supply
Water Supply Emissions associated with water use within Newark’s geographic boundary NA Community Protocol
Notes: CARB = California Air Resources Board; Community Protocol = US Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions; NA = not applicable.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2024.

2.4.2 Excluded Emissions
Some emissions generated within the geographic boundaries of Newark are excluded from the inventory due to their emissions being directly regulated by the State. These regulations include Cap-and-Trade Program and the Refrigerant Management Program. According to CARB’s Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, the PABCO Gypsum plant located in Newark was excluded from the inventory because its emissions are reported under City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

and regulated under the Cap-and-Trade Program. According to CARB, the plant emitted 40,544 MTCO2e in 2022 from non-biogenic sources (CARB 2023). Although not explicitly stated by CARB, these emissions are likely associated with the combustion of natural gas to heat the gypsum and obtain the stucco byproduct typically used in building materials and from the chemical release of carbon dioxide (CO2) through the calcination of gypsum (EPA 1993).

In addition, refrigerants, which are considered to have high global warming potential (GWP) (over 150 GWP), are regulated under CARB’s Hydrofluorocarbon Regulation (HFC Regulation). This regulation has a detailed schedule of the GWP limits for refrigerants that vary by the type of equipment the refrigerant is being used (e.g., new air conditioning units are prohibited from using refrigerants with GWPs greater than 750 starting in January 2023 and new ice rinks are prohibited from using refrigerants with GWPs greater than 150 starting in January 2024). Because these sources are regulated heavily by CARB, these emissions are excluded from Newark’s community GHG inventory. (CARB 2020).
3 DATA, METHODS, AND ASSUMPTIONS

3.1 OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATA AND EMISSIONS FACTORS
The basic calculation for estimating GHG emissions involves two primary inputs: activity data and emissions factors.

Activity data refer to the relevant measurement of an activity resulting in emissions, and emissions factors represent the amount of GHGs emitted on a per unit of activity basis. Emissions factors are applied to activity data (i.e., the two values are multiplied together) to estimate GHG emissions. For example, in the residential energy sector, annual residential electricity consumption in megawatt-hours (MWh) (i.e., activity data) is multiplied by pounds of GHG emitted per MWh (i.e., emissions factor), which results in annual GHG emissions in pounds. This calculation-based methodology is used for estimating emissions from most sources in the community inventory. An overview of activity data and emissions factors for each emissions source, along with data sources, is shown in Table 2. Detailed methods are described in the following sections.

Table 2 Summary of Activity Data and Emissions Factors Used in Newark’s 2022 Community Inventory Sector/Source Input Type Description and Data Sources
Building Energy
Electricity Activity data Electricity consumption data from PG&E and Ava Emissions factor Utility-specific emissions factors from TCR and EPA Natural Gas Activity data Natural gas consumption data from PG&E Emissions factor Average emissions factors from TCR
Backup Generators and Industrial
Processes Emissions data Emissions data from BAAQMD
On-Road Transportation
On-Road Transportation
Activity data
Non-commercial VMT data from MTC, interpolated between 2015 and 2025.

Commercial VMT data scaled based on EMFAC2021’s ratio of light-duty and heavy-duty VMT.

Emissions factor On-road emissions factors from EMFAC2021 adjusted to account for CARB’s ACF and ACCII programs
Solid Waste
Community-Generated Solid Waste
Activity data Waste disposal data from the CalRecycle
Emissions factor Emissions factors based on landfilled solid waste from ICLEI and incinerated waste from CARB
Composting Activity data Organic waste tonnage data from the City City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

Sector/Source Input Type Description and Data Sources
Emissions factor Composting emissions factors from CARB Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment Activity data Wastewater generation and process-related data from USD Emissions factor Emissions factors based on treatment processes from ICLEI Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment
Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Activity data Off-road vehicles and equipment activity and emissions factors data from CARB Emissions factor
Water Supply
Water Supply
Activity data Water consumption data from ACWD
Energy Intensity
Factors Water energy intensity factors from CPUC
Emissions factor State-average electricity emissions factors from EPA and energy intensity rates from CPUC
Notes: ACCII = Advanced Clean Cars II; ACF = Advanced Clean Fleets; ACWD = Alameda County Water District; Ava = Ava Community Energy; BAAQMD = Bay Area Air Quality Management District; CARB = California Air Resources Board; City = City of Newark; CPUC = California Public Utilities Commission; EMFAC2021 = California Air Resources Board’s 2021 EMissions FACtor model; EPA = US Environmental Protection Agency; ICLEI = ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability; MTC = Metropolitan Transportation Commission; PG&E = Pacific Gas & Electric; TCR = The Climate Registry; USD = Union Sanitary District; VMT = vehicle miles traveled.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2024.

3.2 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS AND EMISSIONS UNITS
GHG emissions other than CO2 are stronger insulators and, thus, have a greater ability to warm the Earth’s atmosphere through the greenhouse effect. This effect is measured in terms of a pollutant’s GWP. CO2 has a GWP factor of one while all other GHGs have GWP factors measured in multiples of one relative to the GWP of CO2. This conversion of non-CO2 gases to one unit enables the reporting of all emissions in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which allows consideration of all gases in comparable terms and makes it easier to communicate how various sources and types of GHG emissions contribute to climate change. The standard unit for reporting emissions is MTCO2e. Consistent with the best available science, these inventories use GWP factors published in the Sixth Assessment Report from IPCC, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Global Warming Potential Factors
GHG GHG Source Description GWP100
CO2 All sources of CO2 1
CH4 All sources of CH4 29.8
N2O All sources of N2O 273
Notes: GHG = greenhouse gas; GWP 100 = 100-year global warming potential; CO2 = carbon dioxide; CH4 = methane; N2O = nitrous oxide.

Source: IPCC 2023.

These values represent the GWP of a GHG on a 100-year time horizon. This means that methane (CH4) is 29.8 times stronger than CO2 and nitrous oxide (N2O) is 273 times stronger than CO2 in their potential to warm Earth’s atmosphere over the course of 100 years. The use of 100-year GWP values is consistent with CARB methods and best practices for climate action planning.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

3.3 DATA QUALITY AND ACCURACY
When preparing a GHG emissions inventory, the goal is to use the best available data and methodologies to develop the most accurate picture of a community’s emissions. However, some degree of inaccuracy is inherent to all inventories. As described by the Community Protocol, “While no community inventory is fully comprehensive (some emissions cannot be estimated due to a lack of valid methods, a lack of emissions data, or for other reasons), community inventories often aim to provide as complete a picture of GHG emissions associated with a community as is feasible” (ICLEI 2019:12). The accuracy of a GHG emissions inventory is primarily dependent on activity data (e.g., tons of solid waste generated by a community), emissions factors (e.g., grams of CO2 per vehicle mile traveled [VMT] in a county), and scaling factors (e.g., percentage of county-level off-road vehicles and equipment emissions attributed to a local jurisdiction). The year 2022 was chosen for the inventories because it is the most recent calendar year for which representative data are available.

Development of Newark’s community GHG emissions inventory was a robust and comprehensive process rooted in industry standards and best practices. It included extensive research and consultation with City staff and departments and regional and State agencies and organizations to obtain as accurate data as feasible. The City recognizes that even though its inventory is consistent with all protocols previously discussed and the data used are as accurate as feasible, perfect precision in emissions estimates is not possible at this time.

3.4 INVENTORY DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS

3.4.1 Sector-Specific Assumptions and Methods
The following sections describe in detail the methods, data, and assumptions used to estimate Newark’s community GHG emissions in 2022. Population and employment data were used to scale activity levels for certain emissions sources and sectors. Population and employment data for 2022 were compiled from Plan Bay Area 2050 and the Department of Finance (MTC 2022; DOF 2023). Below is a high-level summary of each sector's assumptions and data sources.
 Building Energy: Ava Community Energy (Ava) and Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) provided annual electricity and natural gas usage data for Newark. Utility emissions factors were obtained from The Climate Registry (TCR), EPA, and utility-specific Power Content Labels published by the California Energy Commission (see Tables 5 and 6). The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) provided annual nonresidential backup generator usage.

Emissions factors for nonresidential backup generator fuels were obtained from TCR.  On-Road Transportation: Annual VMT data were obtained from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s (MTC’s) CAPVMT DataPortal 2.0 for the on-road transportation sector. Vehicle emissions factors were derived from the 2021 EMissions FACtor (EMFAC2021) model Version 1.0.2, CARB’s statewide mobile source emissions inventory model.
 Solid Waste: Emissions associated with landfilled waste and compost generated by residents and businesses in Newark were estimated using disposal data available from CalRecycle and the City. Information on landfill gas (LFG) collection statuses by landfill site was available from EPA. Landfilled solid waste emissions were calculated using these disposal data, California-specific waste characterization rates, and emissions factors specific to each waste type ICLEI’s ClearPath model and CARB. Compost emission factors were available from CARB.  Wastewater Treatment: Emissions from wastewater treatment depend on the types of treatment processes and equipment that centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) use and emissions from septic systems. The Union Sanitary District (USD) provided data regarding treatment processes for the WWTP.  Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment: Off-road vehicles and equipment emissions were estimated from CARB’s OFFROAD2021 models and scaled by population, employment, or service population (i.e., the sum of population and employment) depending on the equipment type.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

 Water Supply: Water supply emissions were estimated using electricity consumption data for electricity associated with water consumption. Data were provided by the Alameda County Water District (ACWD).

3.4.2 Building Energy
Building energy use in Newark resulted in approximately 269,518 MTCO2e in 2022. This sector generated approximately 54 percent of the community’s emissions in 2022 and represents the largest emissions sector in the inventory. Emissions resulted from natural gas combustion for heating and cooking in homes and businesses and electricity use, primarily for lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, and to power appliances. Newark’s primary electricity provider is Ava; however, residents may opt to receive electricity from PG&E. Newark’s service default plan from Ava is Bright Choice, with a portfolio that consists of 49 percent renewable and zero-carbon electricity. Residents may choose to upgrade to Ava’s Renewable 100 plan, which also consists of 100 percent zerocarbon electricity. Ava supplies 97 percent of Newark’s electricity, of which only 4 percent of customers are under the Renewable 100 plan. The emissions associated with electricity generation from Ava’s Bright Choice plan and PG&E’s power supply are from non-renewable natural gas. A marginal amount of nonresidential building energy emissions was associated with the consumption of other fuels (e.g., diesel, natural gas, gasoline, and waste oil) in emergency generators and industrial flaring that were not directly supplied by PG&E. This generator and industrial flaring data were obtained from a public record request to BAAQMD (Vinluan-Chan, pers. comm., 2024). BAAQMD only reported emissions and did not provide fuel usage data. Annual electricity and natural gas usage and emissions by source are shown in Table 4, and additional information regarding each emission source and calculations are discussed below.

Table 4 2022 Newark Community Building Energy Use and GHG Emissions Energy Type Quantity GHG Emissions
Electricity MWh MTCO2e
Residential 73,933 16,181
Nonresidential 295,561 56,859
Electricity Total 369,494 73,040
Natural Gas Therms MTCO2e
Residential 5,503,090 29,349
Nonresidential1 8,215,077 43,813
Natural Gas Total 13,718,167 73,162
Other NA MTCO2e
Industrial Flaring NA 4
Emergency Generators NA 426
Other Total NA 430
Energy Combined2 N/A MTCO2e
Residential N/A 45,530
Nonresidential N/A 100,672
Other N/A 430
Total2 N/A 146,632
Notes: Totals in columns may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; MWh = megawatt-hour; N/A = not applicable; NA = not available. 1 Nonresidential natural gas represents commercial nonresidential only, as industrial usage was not available due to the California Public Utility Commission’s 15/15 Rule.
2 Summary data for quantity is not applicable due to a difference in energy units.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

Source: Data compiled and modeled by Ascent in 2025.

RESIDENTIAL ENERGY
Residential energy emissions in Newark result indirectly from electricity consumption and directly from onsite combustion of natural gas. Ava accounts for 97 percent of Newark’s residential electricity supply. To calculate the MTCO2e from residential electricity consumption, emissions factors (shown in Table 5) for CO2, CH4, and N2O were applied to electricity consumption data. Annual residential natural gas consumption in therms was obtained from PG&E. CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions factors from The Climate Registry (TCR) for natural gas were applied to consumption data to estimate MTCO2e from residential natural gas usage (TCR 2023).

Residential electricity use accounted for 16,181 MTCO2e, representing 11 percent of Newark’s building energy emissions. Residential natural gas use accounted for 29,349 MTCO2e, representing 20 percent of the community’s 2022 building energy emissions. In total, residential energy use accounted for 31 percent of the community's building energy emissions.

NONRESIDENTIAL ENERGY
Nonresidential energy emissions, which are generated by commercial and industrial uses, result indirectly from electricity generation and directly from on-site combustion of natural gas. Emissions associated with nonresidential energy consumption, except for industrial uses, were quantified using the same methods described above for residential energy calculations. Natural gas consumption data for commercial and industrial uses were not available due to the California Public Utility Commission’s (CPUC’s) 15/15 Rule. The 15/15 Rule states that a utility cannot provide an anonymized data set if the set does not consist of at least 15 accounts, and no one account uses more than 15 percent of the total consumption of the data set (CPUC 2014). Therefore, to estimate 2022 nonresidential natural gas use, commercial PG&E estimates were extrapolated from commercial natural gas use trends between 2005 and 2019 (excluding COVID trends). There is no industrial natural gas use trend from which to interpolate, as this use type has been excluded due to the 15/15 Rule for many years.

Nonresidential electricity usage data in Newark were available from Ava and PG&E. Ava provided nonresidential electricity use for 2022. PG&E provided nonresidential electricity for usage provided by both PG&E and Direct Access (DA) sources. According to the CPUC, DA is “a retail electric service option whereby customers may purchase electricity from a competitive non-utility entity called an Energy Service Provider (ESP)” (CPUC 2024). PG&E consolidated Ava and other DA energy use under the DA category. To estimate DA nonresidential energy use in 2022 that was not associated with Ava, nonresidential electricity use was subtracted from the total DA nonresidential electricity use.

For PG&E-only nonresidential electricity use, 2022 data were unavailable due to the 15/15 Rule. To estimate 2022 commercial electricity use from PG&E, total PG&E estimates were extrapolated from historical PG&E commercial electricity use between 2013 and 2019 (excluding COVID impacts in 2020 and 2021). Before 2013, industrial electricity use was excluded from PG&E’s dataset due to the 15/15 Rule. Between 2013 and 2019, PG&E supplied all electricity to Newark before Ava began generating local energy in 2021, then known as East Bay Community Energy (EBCE). After extrapolating citywide nonresidential electricity use from PG&E data, the commercial electricity use provided by Ava in 2022 was subtracted from this total to estimate the PG&E portion of nonresidential electricity use in 2022.

Nonresidential electricity use accounted for 56,859 MTCO2e, which represents 39 percent of emissions within the sector. Nonresidential natural gas use accounted for 43,813 MTCO2e, representing 30 percent of Newark’s 2022 building energy emissions. In total, non-residential energy use accounted for 69 percent of the community's building energy emissions.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

UTILITY EMISSIONS FACTORS
Emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O per MWh of electricity or therm of natural gas can vary by utility and from year to year depending on several factors. Utility-specific emissions factors were obtained and used throughout the 2022 inventory to estimate GHG emissions from electricity and natural gas consumption. Sources for electricity and natural gas emissions factors are shown below.
 Electricity: The CO2 emissions factors were sourced from the 2022 Power Content Labels from the California Energy Commission for EBCE/Ava, PG&E, and EPA for California average emission factors (CEC 2022, EPA 2024).

DA emission factors were calculated from the average emission factors across all ESPs, weighted by electricity delivery, per their 2021 Power Content Labels. The list of ESPs making up the DA profile is available from CPUC's 2020 DA report (CPUC 2021). This 2021 DA emission factor was then interpolated to 2022 assuming all ESPs would achieve their 60 percent renewable energy target by 2030 under SB 100.  Natural Gas: Utility natural gas emissions factors for CO2, NO2, and CH4 were obtained from TCR (TCR 2023).

Specific utility emissions factors used in the inventory calculations are shown in Tables 5 and 6. Emissions factors are shown in standards units for electricity (CO2e/MWh) and natural gas.

Table 5 2022 Electricity Emissions Factors
Provider Pollutant Emissions Factor (lb CO2e/MWh)
Ava (Bright Choice)
CO2e1
496
Ava (Renewable 100) 0
PG&E 56
DA 639
eGRID 499
Notes: Ava = Ava Community Energy; CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent; DA = direct Access; eGRID = Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database; lb = pounds; MWh = megawatt-hours; PG&E = Pacific Gas & Electric. 1 Only CO2e was available from the California Energy Commission.

Source: CEC 2022; CPUC 2021; EPA 2024.

Table 6 2022 Natural Gas Emissions Factors
Provider Pollutant Emissions Factor
PG&E
CO2 5.3 g/therm
N2O 0.09 g/therm
CH4 0.09 g/therm
Notes: CH4 = methane; CO2 = carbon dioxide; g = gram; N2O = nitrous oxide; PG&E = Pacific Gas & Electric.

Source: TCR 2023.

3.4.3 On-Road Transportation
Based on modeling conducted, on-road transportation in Newark resulted in approximately 196,864 MTCO2e in 2022, or 54 percent of the community’s emissions. The on-road transportation sector represents the largest emissions sector. Annual VMT and GHG emissions from on-road transportation are shown in Table 7. Additional details, calculation methodologies, and assumptions are described below.

Table 7 2022 Newark Community On-Road Transportation VMT and GHG Emissions Source Annual VMT GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)
On-Road Passenger Transportation 318,731,315 103,195
On-Road Commercial Transportation 66,762,869 93,669
City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

Source Annual VMT GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)
Total 385,494,184 196,864
Notes: GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; VMT = vehicle miles traveled.

Source: Data compiled and modeled by Ascent in 2025.

On-road transportation emissions are primarily the result of the combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels in passenger vehicles (e.g., cars, light-duty trucks, and motorcycles) and commercial vehicles (e.g., medium- and heavy-duty trucks) permitted to operate “on road.” To a smaller degree, emissions from on-road electric vehicles also result from upstream electricity generation; these emissions are represented in annual electricity emissions in Newark (captured in the building energy sector). Due to a lack of available data, emissions from the combustion of natural gas and other non-electric alternative fuels in on-road vehicles were not included in the community inventory and are assumed to have minimal contribution to total emissions.

Non-commercial, or passenger, daily VMT in 2022 was derived from MTC’s CAPVMT DataPortal 2.0, interpolated between the available VMT for 2015 and 2025 (MTC 2022). The daily VMT was converted to annual VMT using an annualization factor of 3472
. Passenger vehicle emissions were assumed to be represented by light-duty vehicle emission factors for Alameda County for 2022, as modeled in EMFAC2021 v1.0.2 (CARB 2024). Passenger vehicles generated 318,731,315 VMT in 2022, resulting in 103,195 MTCO2e. This represents 52 percent of total on-road emissions for the community.

MTC’s CAPVMT DataPortal 2.0 did not include commercial VMT. Commercial VMT was calculated using a ratio of medium- and heavy-duty VMT to light-duty VMT from EMFAC2021, using Alameda County and calendar year 2022 (CARB 2024). This ratio was then applied to MTC’s passenger VMT to estimate the missing commercial VMT. As with passenger VMT, commercial VMT was annualized using the same factor (347). Commercial vehicles were assumed to be represented by medium- and heavy-duty vehicle emission factors in EMFAC2021 for Alameda County in 2022.

Using this methodology, commercial trips accounted for 66,762,869 VMT and resulted in 93,669MTCO2e, representing 48 percent of total on-road emissions.

These VMT estimates are associated with trips that begin or end within the geographic boundaries of Newark. VMT estimates include 100 percent of vehicle trips that both originate from and end within the geographic boundaries of Newark (i.e., fully internal trips), 50 percent of trips that either end in or depart within the geographic boundaries of Newark (i.e., internal-external, or external-internal trips), and zero percent of vehicle trips that are simply passing through the Newark’s boundaries (i.e., external-external, or “pass-through,” trips). This vehicle trip accounting method is consistent with the Regional Targets Advisory Committee origin-destination method established through Senate Bill 375 and CARB recommendations.

Two citywide VMT emissions rates, one for passenger vehicles and one for commercial vehicles, were derived from EMFAC2021. EMFAC2021 was used to generate emission rates for Newark for the calendar year 2022 with all vehicle classes, model years, speeds, and fuel types (e.g., gasoline, electricity). The citywide MTCO2e per mile emissions factors were calculated based on the distribution of VMT for each vehicle class and its emissions factor.

3.4.4 Solid Waste
Based on the modeling conducted, the solid waste sector emitted 10,255 MTCO2e in 2022, or 3 percent of community GHG emissions. Community-generated solid waste emissions are associated primarily with the decomposition of solid waste generated within the geographic boundaries of Newark in landfills located outside of Newark. A smaller proportion of emissions are produced by compost generated within the geographic boundaries of Newark. Table 8 2 This annualization factor comes from an analysis done using Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS) that determined the relationship between daily and annual volume for interstates in the Bay Area.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

summarizes emissions from the solid waste sector. Additional details regarding calculation methods and assumptions are discussed below.

Table 8 2022 Newark Community Solid Waste Quantity and GHG Emissions Source Quantity (tons) GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)
Community-Generated Solid Waste 42,446 9,924
Compost 4,622 331
Total 47,068 10,255
Notes: Totals may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Source: Data compiled and modeled by Ascent in 2024.

COMMUNITY-GENERATED SOLID WASTE
CH4 emissions associated with community-generated solid waste occur from the decay of landfill-disposed waste generated annually by residences and businesses within the geographic boundaries of Newark. According to California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) reports, Newark residents and businesses generated 41,122 tons of landfilled waste in 2022 and 1,323 tons of incinerated waste (CalRecycle 2024). The anticipated decomposition of this waste in anaerobic conditions in landfills is estimated to emit 9,924 MTCO2e in the same year. Incinerated waste accounts for approximately 47 MTCO2e. Landfilled and incinerated waste represents 97 percent of total solid waste emissions for the 2022 inventory. The other three percent is generated from the decomposition of composted waste.

For landfilled waste, the amount of CH4 released from community-generated waste depends on the LFG management systems of the landfills at which the waste is disposed. Information regarding the use of an LFG capture system was available from EPA’s Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) (EPA 2022). According to LMOP, all facilities where the city sends its solid waste include an LFG capture system; therefore, the default LFG collection efficiency of 75 percent was applied to adjust emissions estimates, as recommended by the Community Protocol.

Solid waste calculations were computed using average waste characterization for the state in 2021, total tonnage disposed of by the community from the CalRecycle report, and waste generation emissions factors by waste type from ICLEI’s ClearPath tool (CalRecycle 2022, ICLEI 2024). To estimate emissions from landfilled waste, CalRecycle’s waste categories were consolidated to match those in ICLEI’s ClearPath tool (e.g., paper bags under CalRecycle’s categories were categorized as corrugated cardboard). The total tons of solid waste disposed, available from the 2022 Newark Diversion Report provided by the City, was multiplied by each waste characterization percent to get the tonnage by waste category (Scanlin, pers. comm., 2024). The tonnage for each waste category was then multiplied by the corresponding ICLEI ClearPath emissions factor. Total emissions were applied to each landfill that receives solid waste from Newark to determine the emissions from each respective landfill. The final emissions factor for mixed municipal solid waste landfilled was calculated by dividing total waste emissions by total tons of waste disposed.

According to CalRecycle, about 3 percent of Newark’s solid waste is incinerated at the Covanta Stanislaus Resource Recovery Facility (Covanta). CARB reports that 42 percent of the facility’s CO2e is from non-biogenic sources (including N2O and CH4 from biogenic sources) and 58 percent is from biogenic CO2. Only non-biogenic emissions were included in the inventory. Covanta’s total emissions were then scaled to Newark based on the total annual tonnage sent from Newark and annual tonnages incinerated at Covanta (1,323 tons vs. 250,000 tons per year). (CalRecycle 2024; CARB 2023; Covanta 2024).

COMPOSTING
In addition to disposing of solid waste in landfills, Newark also collects and composts organic waste (e.g., food waste and green waste). The process of composting can result in emissions, due to fugitive CH4 emissions from anaerobic digestion that occurs in unaerated portions of compost piles. However, emissions related to managed compost piles City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

are significantly lower than those associated with the decomposition of organic waste that is sent to landfills. A total of 4,622 tons of organic waste was reported in 2022, resulting in 331 MTCO2e, representing 3 percent of total emissions from the solid waste sector in 2022. Organic waste tonnage data were provided by the City (Scanlin, pers. comm., 2024).

Emissions from composting were calculated using CARB’s Method for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Diversion of Organic Waste from Landfills to Compost Facilities (CARB 2017b). CARB’s method remains the best available guidance compost for estimating compost GHG emissions. According to CARB, 1 ton of composted waste generates 0.07 MTCO2e per year in fugitive emissions of CH4 and N2O. Emissions related to the energy used to manage the waste (e.g., off-road equipment used for aeration and moving compost) were not included in keeping with the methodology used for the landfilled and incinerated waste.

3.4.5 Wastewater Treatment
Based on modeling conducted, wastewater treatment resulted in GHG emissions of 651 MTCO2e, which represents less than one percent of total community emissions for 2022. Wastewater treatment emissions are summarized in Table 9, and additional details for this sector are included below.

Table 9 2022 Newark Community Wastewater Treatment GHG Emissions Wastewater Treatment Emissions ICLEI Community Protocol Equation
GHG Emissions
(MTCO2e)
Stationary Methane Emissions from Combustion of Digester Gas (Heat Content known) WW.1.b 2 Stationary Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Combustion of Digester Gas (Heat Content known)
WW.2.b 3
Process Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants without Nitrification or Denitrification
WW.8 51
Fugitive Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Effluent Discharge WW.12 298 Energy-related Emissions Associated with Wastewater Collection and Treatment WW.15 198 Total NA 552
Notes: GHG = greenhouse gas; ICLEI = ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Source: Data compiled and modeled by Ascent in 2024.

All wastewater from Newark is treated through centralized WWTPs. There are no septic tanks in use in Newark.

Emissions associated with wastewater treatment are highly dependent on the processes and components used by specific WWTPs, such as lagoons, nitrification or denitrification, and digester gas or combustion devices. USD provides centralized wastewater treatment for Newark, collecting wastewater from customers’ homes and businesses.

Collected wastewater enters the regional sewer system, which is operated by USD, and is then conveyed and pumped to the Alvarado Treatment Plant where it is treated before being safely reintroduced to the environment. Emissions result from the use of pumps to transfer wastewater (as they require energy to operate), and from the combustion of biogas that is emitted from the waste or denitrification from bacteria used to treat the waste. USD provided data specific to their wastewater processes, including average daily digester gas, energy content of the digester gas, average daily nitrogen discharge, and annual electricity and natural gas use (Grillo, pers. comm., 2024). These data were used to calculate GHG emissions from wastewater treatment using equations from ICLEI’s Community Protocol (ICLEI 2019).

Stationary CH4 and N2O emissions from the combustion of digester gas were calculated based on the average daily digester gas and the average BTU content of the digester gas, using Community Protocol equations WW.1b and WW.2b, respectively. Process N2O emissions for WWTPs without nitrification or denitrification were calculated based on population and an industrial-commercial equivalent factor of 1.25, because both industrial and commercial land uses are served by USD, using Community Protocol equation WW.8. Stationary CH4 emissions from incomplete combustion of digester gas, were calculated from the combustion of digester gas and fraction of CH4 in the biogas.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

Using Community Protocol equation WW.12, fugitive N2O emissions from effluent discharge were calculated based on an average daily nitrogen load and an effluent factor of 0.00375, the average of default factors for river (0.005) and ocean (0.0025) discharge, because discharge is released to the San Francisco Bay. Lastly, energy-related emissions associated with wastewater collection and treatment were estimated based on the quantity of natural gas and electricity utilized, using PG&E emission factors (Table 5). These WWTP emissions reflect all treatment activities and levels from USD, which serves the cities of Newark, Union City, and Fremont, and were thus scaled down based on Newark’s population proportion.

Energy-related emissions result from the energy required for wastewater treatment operations, including the energy used in wastewater conveyance and energy used throughout wastewater treatment processes and to provide power to the USD facility. Energy-related emissions were estimated using the energy emissions factors for PG&E, as shown in Tables 5 and 6 in Section 3.4.2, using Community Protocol equation WW.15. These were included in the inventory because the WWTP treatment occurs outside of Newark’s geographic boundary and, therefore, would not be captured in the building energy sector.

3.4.6 Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment
Based on modeling conducted, off-road vehicles and equipment operating in Newark emitted 10,974 MTCO2e in 2022, or 3 percent of the 2022 community inventory. The largest emissions-generating off-road category is industrial/commercial equipment, which produced 5,969 MTCO2e in 2022 and accounted for 54 percent of emissions within the sector. These emissions estimates were based on reports from CARB’s OFFROAD2021 model which compiles both historic and forecasted emissions inventories for the off-road sector by county in the state. Alameda County off-road emissions were scaled to Newark based on various factors, depending on the type of equipment.

The estimated scaled annual emissions and scaling factors used are presented in Table 10 by equipment type.

Additional details regarding calculation methods and assumptions are discussed below.

Table 10 2022 Newark Community Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment GHG Emissions and Scaling Method
Off-Road Equipment Type GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) Scaling Method Construction and Mining Equipment 1,484 Service Population Industrial/Commercial Equipment1 5,969 Employment
Lawn and Garden Equipment 1,290 Population
Recreational Equipment2 2,230 Population
Total 10,974 NA
Notes: Totals may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; NA = not applicable.
1 Includes industrial, light commercial, and transportation refrigeration unit equipment. 2 Includes portable and recreational equipment.

Source: Data compiled and modeled by Ascent in 2024, based on CARB’s OFFROAD2021 model.

Emissions from the off-road vehicles and equipment sector result from fuel combustion in off-road vehicles and equipment. OFFROAD2021 provides CO2 exhaust emissions details at the state, air basin, or county level – it does not estimate CH4 or N2O emissions. Alameda County emissions data from OFFROAD2021, which include emissions from the entire county, were apportioned to Newark using custom scaling factors depending on the off-road vehicle and equipment type. For example, due to the likely correlation between commercial activity and employment, Newark’s portion of emissions from light commercial equipment in the entire county is assumed to be proportional to the number of jobs in Newark compared to Alameda County.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

3.4.7 Water Supply
Based on modeling conducted, the water supply in Newark resulted in GHG emissions of 1,188 MTCO2e, which represents less than 1 percent of total community emissions. Water is supplied by ACWD. GHG emissions associated with water consumption occur from the indirect energy use associated with water extraction, conveyance, treatment, and distribution to the point of use (e.g., residences and businesses). Like USD, ACWD serves the cities of Newark, Fremont, and Union City. In 2022, it provided 33 million gallons (MG) per day to all its customers. Annualizing that number and scaling it by Newark’s population, ACWD is estimated to have provided a total of 1,651 MG per year to Newark in 2022. According to ACWD, 40 percent of its water is sourced from the State Water Project, and the other 60 percent is from local sources. Each water source has a different energy intensity due to the distance and type of extraction needed to convey the water. After apportioning the total water usage by source (e.g., 660 MG of water used in Newark was from the State Water Project), the respective water usages were multiplied by the water energy intensity factors by source, available from a CPUC study (Navigant 2014). The water energy intensity factors are in kilowatt-hours per volume of water. To calculate GHG emissions from the water sector, electricity emissions factors (shown in Table 5) were applied to the estimated electricity consumption (ACWD 2024).

Table 11 presents water supply, electricity consumption, and associated GHG emissions for Newark.

Table 11 2022 Newark Community Water Supply Quantity and GHG Emissions Water Source
(Percent of ACWD Water Supply) Quantity
(MG)
Quantity
(AF)
Water Energy
Intensity
(kWh/AF)
Electricity
Consumption
(MWh)
Electric Utility GHG
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
State Water Project (40%)
660 2,027 4,389 2,898 eGRID2022 –
CAMX1
74 San Francisco PUC (Hetch Hetchy) (20%) 330 1,013 4,490 1,482 PG&E 38 Alameda Creek Watershed Runoff (40%) 660 2,027 7,200 4,754 PG&E 1,077 Total 1,651 5,067 5,533 9,135 NA 1,188
Notes: ACWD = Alameda County Water District; AF = acre-feet; GHG = greenhouse gas; kWh = kilowatt-hour; MG = million gallons; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; MWh = megawatt-hour; PG&E = Pacific Gas & Electric; PUC = Public Utilities Commission. 1 Refers to average California electricity emission factors in 2022, as reported by the EPA in eGRID2022 (EPA 2024).

Source: Data compiled and modeled by Ascent in 2024.
4 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

4.1 COMMUNITY INVENTORY

4.1.1 Summary of GHG Emissions from Community Activities and Sources Community activities generated 366,465 MTCO2e in 2022. The largest emissions-generating sectors include building energy (54 percent) and on-road transportation (40 percent). Collectively, building energy and on-road transportation accounted for approximately 94 percent of community emissions in 2022. The remaining 6 percent of emissions are attributable to off-road vehicles and equipment (3 percent), solid waste (3 percent), water supply (less than 1 percent), and wastewater treatment (less than 1 percent).

The 2022 inventory will be the City’s GHG emissions baseline for CAN and will be used to forecast emissions and set emissions reduction targets. Table 12 and Figure 1 present the results of Newark’s 2022 community GHG emissions inventory by sector.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

Table 12 2022 Newark Community GHG Emissions Inventory
Sector GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) Percent of Total
On-Road Transportation 196,864 54%
Building Energy (Includes Residential and Nonresidential) 146,632 40% Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment 10,974 3%
Solid Waste 10,255 3%
Water Supply 1,188 <1%
Wastewater Treatment 552 <1%
Total 366,465 100%
Notes: Totals may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. GHG = greenhouse gases; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Source: Data modeled by Ascent in 2025.

Figure 1 2022 City of Newark Community GHG Emissions Inventory Source: Prepared by Ascent in 2025.

On-Road
54%
Building Energy
40%
Off-Road
3%
Solid Waste
3%
Water
<1% Wastewater
<1%
City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

5 REFERENCES
ACWD. See Alameda County Water District.

Alameda County Water District. 2024. ACWD Fact Sheet. Available: https://www.acwd.org/93/Fact-Sheet. Accessed April 17, 2024.

California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2017a. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Available:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2023.
———. 2017b. Method for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Diversion of Organic Waste from Landfills to Compost Facilities. Available:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/waste/cerffinal.pdf. Accessed April 11, 2024. ———. 2020. Final Regulation Order. California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 3, Chapter 1, Subchapter 10 Climate Change, Article 4. Available:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2020/hfc2020/frorevised.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2024. ———. 2022. California GHG Emission Inventory Data: Query Tool for years 2000-2020. Available:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/applications/greenhouse-gas-emission-inventory-0. Accessed August 3, 2023. ———. 2023. Annual Summary of GHG Mandatory Reporting Non-Confidential Data for Calendar Year 2021.

Available: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/reporting/ghg-rep/reported-data/2022-ghgemissions-2023-11-06.xlsx. ———. 2024. EMFAC: Emissions Inventory. EMFAC2021. Version 1.0.2. Available: https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissionsinventory. Accessed April 16, 2024.

California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery. 2022. 2021 Disposal Facility-Based Waste Characterization Data Tables. Available: https://calrecycle.ca.gov/wcs/dbstudy/. Accessed April 11, 2024. ———. 2024. Jurisdiction Disposal and Alternative Daily Cover (ADC) Tons by Facility. Available:
https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/DisposalReporting/Destination/DisposalByFacility. Accessed April 11, 2024.

California Department of Finance. 2023 (May). E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2021-2023 with 2020 Census Benchmark. Available: https://dof.ca.gov/wpcontent/uploads/sites/352/Forecasting/Demographics/Documents/E-4_2023_InternetVersion.xlsx. Accessed April 17, 2024.

California Energy Commission. 2022. 2022 PCL and Retail Sales Data. Available:
https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energy.ca.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault %2Ffiles%2F2024-02%2F2022_Power_Content_Labels_Sortable_Table_ada.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK.

Accessed April 16, 2024.

California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research. 2017. General Plan Guidelines, Chapter 8: Climate Change.

Available: https://opr.ca.gov/planning/general-plan/guidelines.html. Accessed August 3, 2023.

California Public Utilities Commission. 2014 (May). Decision Adopting Rules to Provide Access to Energy Usage and Usage-Related Data While Protecting Privacy of Personal Data. Available:
https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M090/K845/90845985.PDF. Accessed August 3, 2023.
———. 2021 (May). CPUC Staff Report: APPENDIX A. Final Report Providing an Assessment of Expansion of Direct Access Pursuant to Senate Bill 237. Available:
https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M390/K217/390217161.PDF. Accessed April 16, 2024.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

———. 2024. Direct Access. Available: https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/consumer-support/consumer-programs-andservices/electrical-energy-and-energy-efficiency/community-choice-aggregation-and-direct-access-/directaccess. Access April 19, 2024.

CalRecycle. See California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery.

CARB. See California Air Resources Board.

CEC. See California Energy Commission.

CPUC. See California Public Utilities Commission.

Covanta. 2024. Stanislaus | Covanta. Available: https://www.reworldwaste.com/where-we-are/our-facilities/stanislaus.

Accessed April 16, 2024.

DOF. See California Department of Finance.

EPA. See US Environmental Protection Agency.

Grillo, Timothy. R&S Coach /Principal Engineer. Union Sanitary District. Union City, CA. February 7, 2024—email message to Brenda Hom of Ascent regarding a response to a wastewater data request.

ICLEI. See ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability.

ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability. 2019. US Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Version 1.2. Available: https://icleiusa.org/us-community-protocol/. Accessed August 3, 2023.
———. 2024. ClearPath. Available: https://icleiusa.org/clearpath/. Accessed April 19, 2024.

IPCC. See Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2023 (March). AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023 – Annex II.

Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Annex-II.pdf. Accessed August 8, 2023.

MTC. See Metropolitan Transportation Commission.

Metropolitan Transportation Commission. 2022. Vehicle Miles Traveled Dataportal. Available:
http://capvmt.mtcanalytics.org/data. Accessed April 16, 2024.

Navigant. 2014 (October 7). Water/Energy Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. San Francisco, CA. Prepared for the California Public Utilities Commission. Available: https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpucwebsite/files/legacyfiles/c/5360-cpucwaterenergycosteffectivenessanalysispublicreport10714.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2024.

OPR. See California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research.

Scanlin, James. City of Newark Public Works Department, Environmental Services Manager, Newark, CA. January 25, 2024—email message to Hannah Kornfeld of Ascent regarding waste diversion data.

TCR. See The Climate Registry.

The Climate Registry. 2023. 2023 Default Emission Factor Document. Available: 2023-Default-Emission-Factors-Final1.pdf (theclimateregistry.org). Accessed August 3, 2023.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 1993 (July). EMISSION FACTOR DOCUMENTATION FOR AP-42 SECTION 11.16 (formerly 8.14) Gypsum Manufacturing. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2020- 10/documents/c11s16.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2024.
———. 2022. LMOP Landfill and Project Database. Available: https://www.epa.gov/lmop/lmop-landfill-and-projectdatabase#access. Accessed April 11, 2024.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update - GHG Inventory Memo April 8, 2025

———. 2024. Download Data: eGRID with 2022 Data. Available: https://www.epa.gov/egrid/download-data.

Accessed April 11, 2024.

Vinluan-Chan, Magnolia. Legal Division. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. March 11, 2024—email to Brenda Hom of Ascent regarding a list of permitted sources’ CO2 emissions for Newark.

Memo
2054 University Ave, Suite 400
Berkeley, CA 94704
510.217.5000
Date: April 8, 2025
To: Jim Scanlin (City of Newark)
From: Brenda Hom, Natalie Kataoka, Hannah Kornfeld, and Honey Walters (Ascent) Subject: City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecasts and Targets Memorandum

INTRODUCTION
The City of Newark (City) is developing Climate Action Newark (CAN), an update to the City’s 2010 Climate Action Plan (CAP). The goal of CAN is to provide a comprehensive and transformative framework for both mitigating and adapting to climate change while also supporting the City’s broader sustainability and resilience goals.

In preparation of CAN, the City first completed a baseline greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory to estimate emissions from the community of Newark in 2022. The next step in the development of CAN is to forecast these GHG emissions and establish reduction targets. This technical memorandum provides the results of these forecasts as well as associated methods, assumptions, emissions factors, and data sources. The GHG emissions forecasts will provide the foundation for the forthcoming steps of the CAN planning process, including the development and quantification of GHG emissions reduction measures and “gap analysis” evaluation (i.e., the calculated gap between the estimated GHG reductions from local action and the established targets).

ORGANIZATION OF THIS MEMORANDUM
This memorandum consists of two main parts:
 Section 1: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecasts summarizes the forecasted GHG emissions under “business-asusual” (BAU) and legislative-adjusted BAU scenarios for years 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045.  Section 2: Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets establishes GHG emissions reduction targets for sectors relevant to the City’s GHG emissions inventory for years 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045 based on statewide reduction targets.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

1 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FORECASTS
The purpose of GHG emissions forecast for a climate action plan prepared by a local agency is to estimate how GHG emissions may evolve in the future given changes in population and housing, economic growth, and how state and federal legislation may help to reduce local emissions. Developing a GHG emissions forecast is an essential step in the climate action planning process, as it provides insight into what future emissions levels may be, and the necessary scale of action that may be needed to reduce emissions within local control for state GHG reduction target alignment.

The GHG emissions forecast prepared for the City is presented as a sector-level assessment of GHG emissions forecasts based on current conditions under two scenarios. The first scenario is a baseline scenario where GHG emissions grow from 2022 levels at the same rates as housing, population, employment, and vehicle travel, which is known as a business-as-usual scenario (BAU) forecast. The BAU forecast serves as a basis for understanding how emissions levels may change with growth. The second scenario considers the local GHG reduction impact of state and federal legislation, which is known as a legislative-adjusted BAU forecast. The legislative-adjusted BAU forecast shows how currently adopted state and federal legislation reduces the city’s emissions and the adopted targets, discussed in Section 2, identify the remaining gap that would need to be close for the City to meet its GHG reduction targets.

1.1 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FORECASTS
The BAU forecasts provide an assessment of how emissions generated by activities will change over time without further state, federal, regional, or local action. In addition to accounting for the city’s population, employment, and land use change(s) under a BAU scenario, a legislative-adjusted BAU forecast was prepared. This forecast includes adopted policies and regulations at the regional, state, and federal levels that would affect emissions without any local action, such as regulatory requirements to improve efficiency in buildings and vehicles. These forecasts provide the City with the information needed to focus efforts on certain emissions sectors and sources that have the greatest opportunities for GHG emissions reductions. It is important to note that the legislative-adjusted BAU forecasts only account for emissions reductions associated with adopted policies and regulations; they do not account for goals established by regional, state, and federal agencies or executive orders outside of adopted legislation and regulations.

The GHG emissions forecasts for 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045 described in this section are aligned with the state’s GHG reduction target years established in key legislation and policies, including Senate Bill (SB) 32 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1279, as well as the City’s General Plan.

The adopted statewide GHG reduction targets and goals are:
 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (SB 32),
 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045 (AB 1279), and
 to achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045 (AB 1279).

1.1.1 Activity Growth Forecast
The GHG emissions forecasts were based on projected changes in city demographics (i.e., population, employment, and service population [residents plus employees]) and land use between 2022 and 2045, based on forecast data provided for the 2050 horizon year. Projected population and housing units for 2050 were sourced from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC). Household and employment growth factors from MTC’s and the Association of Bay Area Governments’ Plan Bay Area 2050 were used to forecast emissions for 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045 for most sectors. Additional information regarding growth factors used for each sector is included in the following sections.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data was available from MTC’s CAPVMT DataPortal 2.0 (MTC 2022). It considered daily VMT in the city and was annualized using a factor of 337.1 VMT estimates are associated with trips that begin or end in the city.

VMT estimates included 100 percent of vehicle trips modeled to both originate from and end in the city (i.e., fully internal trips), 50 percent of trips that either end in or depart from the city (i.e., internal-external, or external-internal trips), and 0 percent of vehicle trips that are passing through the city boundaries (i.e., external-external, or “pass-through,” trips). This vehicle trip accounting method is consistent with the Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC) origin-destination method established through SB 375 and California Air Resources Board (CARB) recommendations. VMT estimates were provided for 2022 and forecasted for 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045. Table 1 shows anticipated growth in the city for the forecast years.

Table 1 Newark Demographic and Vehicle Miles Traveled Forecasts Forecast Factor 2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population 47,150 52,084 55,167 58,251 61,334
Households 15,811 18,884 19,165 18,509 19,727
Employment 24,600 27,555 29,403 31,250 33,097
Annual VMT 404,515,848 451,202,551 458,085,844 447,528,119 443,236,501 Annual VMT per capita 8,579 8,663 8,304 7,683 7,227
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled.

Sources: Data compiled by Ascent in 2024.

1.1.2 Business-as-Usual Scenario Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast For the BAU forecast, the activity growth in each emissions sector was scaled using the appropriate growth scaling factors without considering the local GHG reduction impact of the state and federal legislation. The results of the BAU forecast show that GHG emissions would be expected to grow through 2045, given no further GHG reduction efforts beyond 2022, as shown in Table 2. Emissions are presented in units of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e). While a more realistic scenario for future GHG emissions can be provided with a legislative-adjusted BAU forecast, the BAU provides the basis for understanding the GHG impact of growth in the city. As shown in Table 2, under the BAU forecast scenario, the city’s emissions would increase by 31 percent by 2045 from 2022 levels.

Table 2 Newark GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
On-Road Transportation 196,864 213,668 234,207 253,624 251,723 Building Energy 146,632 163,543 172,035 181,805 191,575 Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment 10,974 13,416 15,169 17,079 18,878 Solid Waste 10,255 12,921 13,721 14,521 15,321
Water Supply 1,188 1,319 1,400 1,482 1,564
Wastewater Treatment 552 612 650 686 724
Total 366,465 405,479 437,182 469,197 479,785
Percent Change from 2022 Levels 11% 19% 28% 31%
Notes: Total may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. BAU = business-as-usual; GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.
1 This annualization factor comes from an analysis using Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS) that determined the relationship between daily and annual volume for interstates in the Bay Area.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

Source: Data modeled by Ascent in 2025.

1.1.3 Legislative-Adjusted Business-as-Usual Scenario Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast
Legislative-adjusted BAU emissions forecasts were prepared using the same demographic and VMT data that were used for the BAU forecasts, while also accounting for state and federal policies and regulations that would affect local emissions. For example, growth in residential building electricity consumption was scaled using housing units as the growth scaling factor, and a legislative reduction was applied to incorporate the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6 building energy efficiency standards for new development. The GHG reductions considered in the legislative-adjusted BAU forecast fall generally into four categories: building energy efficiency standards, fuel efficiency standards, electric vehicle sales requirements, and renewable and zero-carbon electricity requirements. The primary drivers of the emissions reductions are the requirements of SB 100 and SB 1020, as well as increased electric vehicle penetration from the Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II) regulation. These forecasts provide the City with a more robust understanding of future emissions to assist with the prioritization of emissions reduction measures developed to meet GHG targets. The full list of legislation considered is provided in Table 3.

Table 3 Regional, State, and Federal Legislative Reductions Applied under the Legislative-Adjusted BAU Scenario1
Source Legislative Reduction Description Sectors Applied Regional Zero Nitrogen Oxides
(NOX) Appliance Rule
Limits the sale and installation of appliances in the Bay Area that utilize NOX. The following appliances must be zero NOX; water heaters (2027), furnaces (2029), and large commercial water heaters (2031).

Building Energy
State
SB 100 (The 100 Percent
Clean Energy Act of
2018)
Requires that 60 percent of retail electricity sold in California must come from renewable or zero-carbon resources by 2030 and 100 percent by 2045. Building Energy State
SB 1020 (Clean Energy,
Jobs, and Affordability
Act of 2022)
Requires that eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources supply 90 percent of all retail sales of electricity to California enduse customers by December 31, 2035, 95 percent of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers by December 31, 2040, 100 percent of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers by December 31, 2045, and 100 percent of electricity procured to serve all state agencies by December 31, 2035.

Building Energy
State
California’s Building
Energy Efficiency
Standards (2022 Title 24,
Part 6)
Effective January 1, 2023, new residential and nonresidential buildings in California are required to comply with energy efficiency standards established by the California Energy Commission (CEC 2022). The 2022 standards establish energy performance requirements that require energyefficient approaches to building decarbonization by emphasizing electric heat pumps for space heating and water heating and extending the benefits of photovoltaic and battery storage systems and other demand flexible technology to work in combinations with heat pumps.

Building Energy
State Advanced Clean Car I
Regulations
Establishes GHG emission reduction standards for model years 2017 through 2025 that are more stringent than federal CAFE standards.

On-Road
Vehicles
State Advanced Clean Cars II
Regulations
Establishes a target for all new passenger cars, trucks, and SUVs sold in California to be 100 percent zero-emission vehicles by 2035.

On-Road
Vehicles
State Advanced Clean Fleets
Starting in 2036, all medium- and heavy-duty trucks sold in California must be zero emissions with limited exceptions. In addition to this sales mandate, fleet owners must also purchase electric trucks on an accelerated timeline.

Vehicle Fleet
City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

Source Legislative Reduction Description Sectors Applied State Truck and Bus
Regulation
Requires diesel trucks and buses that operate in California to be upgraded to reduce GHG emissions.

On-Road
Vehicles
State AB 1346 (Small Off-Road
Engines)
Requires CARB to develop regulations that prohibit emissions from new small off-road engines by January 1, 2024.

Off-Road
Vehicles and
Equipment
Federal
Fuel Efficiency Standards
for Medium- and HeavyDuty Vehicles
Establishes fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

On-Road
Vehicles
Federal
EPA Off-Road
Compression-Ignition
Engine Standards
Establishes standards for phasing of EPA diesel engine tiers for off-road compression-ignition equipment.

Off-Road
Vehicles and
Equipment
Notes: CAFE = Corporate Average Fuel Economy; CAN = Climate Action Newark; CARB = California Air Resources Board; CEC = California Energy Commission; EPA = US Environmental Protection Agency; GHG = greenhouse gas; SUV = sport utility vehicle; SB = Senate Bill. 1 Note that although Ava has a goal of achieving a 100 percent carbon-free electricity mix by 2030, this goal is not accounted for in the forecasts, but rather included as part of GHG reduction under the CAN.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2024.

The results of the legislative-adjusted BAU forecasts show that emissions are expected to decline by 72 percent from 2022 levels by 2045, as shown in Table 4 and Figure 1.

Table 4 Newark GHG Emissions Inventory and Legislative-Adjusted BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2022 2030 2035 2045 2045
On-Road Transportation 206,749 159,941 119,794 79,374 50,776 Building Energy 147,607 102,293 74,839 49,394 27,246
Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment 10,974 9,720 9,617 9,982 10,403 Solid Waste 10,255 12,921 13,721 14,521 15,321
Water Supply 1,188 891 652 413 0
Wastewater Treatment 552 611 649 685 694
Total 377,325 286,377 219,273 154,370 104,440
Percent Change from 2022 Levels NA -22% -40% -58% -72%
Notes: Total may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. BAU = business-as-usual; GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; NA = not applicable.

Source: Data modeled by Ascent in 2024.

The BAU and legislative-adjusted BAU forecast results presented together demonstrate the impact of the state, federal, and regional legislation on the City’s GHG emissions profile over time, as shown in Figure 1.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

Source: Prepared by Ascent in 2025.

Figure 1 Newark GHG Emissions Inventory and Forecasts

1.1.4 Discussion
As shown in Table 4 and Figure 1, emissions would decrease by approximately 22 percent between 2022 and 2030 and would see an accelerated decrease after 2030 through 2045 under the legislative-adjusted BAU scenario. This trend is primarily due to the combined implementation schedule of ACC II and the Advanced Clean Fleets regulation (ACF) which require that the sale of new light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles be zero-emissions starting in 2035.

Additionally, the forecasted reductions from building energy use under BAAQMD’s Zero NOX appliance rule would substantially reduce building-energy-related emissions in existing homes and businesses starting in 2027 as the only types of appliances currently supporting that rule are electric. Overall, between 2022 and 2045, emissions are expected to decrease by 72 percent. Because the building energy and on-road sectors make up 94 percent of 2022 emissions, the anticipated legislative reductions from these sectors account for most of the reductions in total emissions. As such, the building and energy sectors are respectively expected to decline by 81 and 74 percent between 2022 and 2045. Despite the significant reduction in these sectors, by 2045, building energy and on-road emissions would still make up a majority of the city’s total emissions (75 percent). Because all electricity would be GHG-free by 2045, building energy emissions also would be solely from natural gas combustion by 2045. Still, other sectors (e.g., off-road) would make up a greater percentage of total emissions than in 2022, growing from less than 7 percent of total emissions in 2022 to 25 percent of emissions in 2045. In all, most reductions would be achieved from several legislative actions including:
 a greater renewable mix in electricity per current trends in Ava and PG&E power mixes and the renewable energy targets SB 100 and SB 1020 (100 percent GHG-free by 2045),  improved building energy efficiency through compliance with Title 24, Part 6 standards and BAAQMD’s Zero NOX rule,
2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
MT CO2e per year
Building Energy Off-Road On-Road Solid Waste Wastewater Water BAU City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

 reductions in on-road vehicle emissions factors from state vehicle standards as forecasted in EMFAC2021, ACC II, and ACF, and
 reductions in off-road emissions from the electrification of small off-road engines under AB 1346.

Without legislative adjustments, BAU emissions would increase baseline emissions by approximately 12 percent between 2022 and 2030 and 24 percent between 2022 and 2045.

Going forward, regional, state, and federal agencies may adopt new legislative actions that would affect emissions; however, because information regarding these regulatory changes is currently unknown, emissions reductions from future potential legislative actions are not quantified in this memorandum. Where new regulations or actions are imminent and reasonably foreseeable, they can be incorporated as complementary actions to locally based GHG reduction measures.
2 REDUCTION TARGETS

2.1 STATEWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION TARGETS AND
GOALS
As directed in SB 32 and AB 1279, the state has established the following GHG emissions reduction targets:
 40 percent reduction below 1990 levels by 2030,
 85 percent reduction in anthropogenic emissions below 1990 levels by 2045, and  carbon neutrality by 2045.

The City aims to reduce GHG emissions in proportion to the state’s targets and goals. Emissions levels from 1990 are not available, which is the case for most local jurisdictions in California. Thus, GHG reduction targets for CAN were developed relative to the 2022 emissions inventory, consistent with guidance provided by CARB (CARB 2017). GHG emissions in 2022 were 366,465 MTCO2e. The methodology used to calculate the City’s emissions reduction targets is described below.

2.2 CALIFORNIA’S 2022 CLIMATE CHANGE SCOPING PLAN AND 2021

GHG INVENTORY
CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality (2022 Scoping Plan) reports statewide GHG emissions for eight sectors: agriculture, residential and commercial, electric power, high global warming potential (GWP) gases, industrial, recycling and waste, transportation, and Cap-and-Trade (CARB 2022). CARB’s California GHG Emission Inventory for 2021 also reports statewide GHG emissions for these eight sectors (CARB 2021). For each sector, the 2022 Scoping Plan reports the 1990 emissions levels and ranges of reductions needed by 2030 for the state to achieve the SB 32 target of reducing statewide emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels, and the AB 1279 target of reducing statewide emissions to 85 percent below 1990 levels. CARB also estimates the GHG emissions anticipated to be reduced through carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and natural and working lands net sinks to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, pursuant to AB 1279.

The statewide targets account for all emissions sectors in the state’s GHG emissions inventory, statewide population forecasts for 2030 and 2045, and all reductions necessary to achieve the statewide targets under SB 32 and AB 1279 in all sectors. The targets reported in the 2022 Scoping Plan are framed as targets that must be met statewide; however, this does not mean that the statewide sector targets must be applied uniformly to every local jurisdiction.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

2.3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGETS
Based on a review of the 2022 Scoping Plan and an understanding of activities occurring within the city, the City has direct or indirect jurisdiction over activities that generate emissions and contribute to reductions in five of the eight emissions sectors included in the statewide inventory: residential and commercial, electric power, industrial, recycling and waste, and transportation. The City does not have agricultural land uses and has limited influence over high GWP gases and CDR, categorized by CARB as an emissions sector to account for a wide array of CDR technologies and management (e.g., reforestation and direct air carbon capture and storage). Based on the sectors relevant to the City’s inventory, the state’s emissions would need to be reduced by 40 percent, by 2030, relative to 2022 levels of 381 MMTCO2e. For 2035, 2040, and 2045, statewide emissions from the sectors relevant to the City’s inventory must be reduced by 58, 72, and 88 percent below 2022 levels, respectively. Therefore, consistent with state targets and considering relevant emissions sectors, the City’s GHG reduction targets are as follows:
 2030 target: 40 percent below 2022 levels (218,614 MTCO2e),  2035 target: 58 percent below 2022 levels (155,678 MTCO2e),  2040 target: 72 percent below 2022 levels (101,529 MTCO2e), and  2045 target: 88 percent below 2022 levels (45,139 MTCO2e).

Figure 3 depicts the legislative-adjusted BAU forecasts by sector, as distinguished by colored wedges, and the City’s emissions reduction targets relative to the 2022 emissions inventory. The space between the trajectory of the black line (i.e., targets) and the top of the colored wedges (i.e., forecasted emissions) represents the “gap” in emissions that will need to be addressed through local actions for the City to meet its GHG reduction targets.

City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

Notes: GHG = greenhouse gas emissions; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Source: Prepared by Ascent in 2024.

Figure 2 City of Newark Legislative-Adjusted BAU Forecasts and GHG Emissions Reduction Targets Below 2022 Levels
2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
MT CO2e per year
Building Energy Off-Road On-Road Solid Waste Wastewater Water Target 40% below 2022 levels
(218,614 MTCO2e)
58% below 2022 levels
(155,678 MTCO2e)
72% below 2022 levels
(101,529 MTCO2e)
88% below 2022 levels
(45,139 MTCO2e)
City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update
GHG Emissions Forecasts and Targets
April 8, 2025

REFERENCES
California Air Resources Board. 2017. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Available:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf. Accessed November 11, 2021.
———. 2021. California GHG Emissions for 2000 to 2019 (2021 Edition). Available:
https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm. Accessed November 11, 2021. ———. 2022 (November 16). 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/2022-sp.pdf. Accessed November 17, 2022.

CARB. See California Air Resources Board.

California Energy Commission. 2022. 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Available at: 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (ca.gov). Accessed January 22, 2024.

CEC. See California Energy Commission.

Metropolitan Transportation Commission. 2022. Vehicle Miles Traveled Dataportal. Available:
http://capvmt.mtcanalytics.org/data. Accessed April 16, 2024.

MTC. See Metropolitan Transportation Commission.

Memo
2054 University Ave., Suite 400
Berkeley, CA 94704
410.217.5000
Date: December 4, 2025
To: Jim Scanlin (City of Newark)
From: John Steponick, Brenda Hom, Hannah Kornfeld, and Honey Walters (Ascent) Subject: City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update: Gap Analysis Technical Memorandum 1 INTRODUCTION
This technical memorandum outlines greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and adaptation strategies and actions and summarizes the draft results of the quantitative “gap analysis” process for the City of Newark’s (City’s) Climate Action Plan Update, titled Climate Action Newark (CAN). The gap analysis aims to confirm and quantify the suite of GHG reduction strategies that would set the City on course to meet its GHG reduction targets for 2035 and 2045. The gap analysis considers several steps in the climate action planning process, which are listed below and addressed in subsequent sections.
 Summary of the 2035 and 2045 GHG emissions forecasts (per “City of Newark Climate Action Plan Update:

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecasts and Reduction Targets – Final Technical Memorandum” dated June 27, 2024, referred to hereafter as “Forecast Memo”);
 Summary of the 2035 and 2045 GHG emissions reduction targets (per the Forecast Memo); and  Quantification of GHG emissions reduction strategies and evaluation of the calculated gap between the estimated GHG reductions and the recommended targets, the primary focus of this technical memorandum. 2 CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS
Based on the results of the Forecast Memo, additional GHG reductions are needed to achieve the State’s emissions reduction targets for 2035 and 2045. The strategies presented below are organized under categories that generally align with the emissions sectors: building energy (e.g., residential and nonresidential building energy use), on-road transportation, off-road vehicles and equipment, solid waste, water, and wastewater. Each category includes one or more broad strategies to reduce emissions, such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, and waste diversion. Metrics are provided for quantified strategies to help the City meet the reduction targets. These include performance indicators by which progress can be tracked and monitored for implementation. The proposed strategies will be realized through one or more actions that the City can implement to reduce GHG emissions.

GHG reductions associated with these strategies were calculated stepwise for 2035 and 2045. In other words, GHG reductions (in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent [MTCO2e]) are assessed during a snapshot in 2035 and 2045.

Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Strategies are quantified for a single year rather than adding cumulative reductions from prior years, which aligns with the methodology used to derive the City’s GHG reduction targets and aligns with the California Governor’s Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation General Plan Guidelines. Importantly, GHG emissions reductions were quantified for strategies wherever supporting data and reasonable assumptions were available to support calculations. Some strategies were not quantifiable because of a lack of available data or quantification methods but would still be expected to reduce GHG emissions. These strategies are listed in this technical memorandum and will be discussed qualitatively in CAN. They can be monitored for potential quantification opportunities in the future if data and/or quantification methods become available.

Estimates of GHG emissions reductions, along with an estimated emissions “gap” (i.e., the difference between the effective GHG reductions required to meet the targets and the total GHG reductions), are summarized in Table 1 below and illustrated in Figure 1 in Section 2.1.7. Descriptions of the strategies are provided in the following sections.

Detailed strategy calculations and assumptions supporting the GHG reduction estimates are provided in Attachment A.

Table 1 Newark GHG Emissions Reduction Strategies
Strategy # Strategy
GHG Reductions (MTCO2e)
2035 2045
Energy Transition & Efficiency (EN)
EN-1 Electrify and decarbonize the city's building stock. 11,974 28,410 EN-2 Expand clean energy generation and use. 31,422 0
EN-3 Promote energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. N/A N/A EN Subtotal 43,396 28,410
Sustainable On- and Off-Road Transportation & Land Use (TR) TR-1 Make active transportation the preferred method of getting around, where feasible.
182 38
TR-2 Increase the safety, accessibility, and reliability of public transit. 768 226 TR-3 Expand and encourage shared mobility options. N/A N/A TR-4 Where and when passenger and commercial vehicle use is necessary, accelerate the widespread adoption of zero-emission vehicles. 9,862 17,936 TR-5
Prioritize sustainable land use by increasing residential density, supporting a diversity of land uses, and implementing transportation demand management strategies.
1,813 538
TR-6 Reduce emissions associated with off-road transportation and equipment. 1,668 2,040 TR Subtotal 14,294 20,778
Responsible Use of Resources (RES)
RES-1 Expand the practice of circular economy principles that promote the reuse, repair, and recycling of goods and materials. N/A N/A
RES-2 Promote responsible organic and inorganic waste management and reduction practices. 5,632 6,289
RES-3 Prioritize water-wise practices and technologies that minimize consumption across the city. 0 0
RES Subtotal 5,632 6,289
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Strategy # Strategy
GHG Reductions (MTCO2e)
2035 2045
Nature-Based Solutions & Urban Greening (NBS)
NBS-1 Maintain and expand the city's urban tree canopy. 729 1,216 NBS-2 Integrate green stormwater infrastructure throughout the city. N/A N/A NBS-3 Protect, restore, and enhance natural areas, wetlands, and ecosystems. N/A N/A NBS-4 Promote sustainable landscaping practices that support native vegetation and pollinator habitats. N/A N/A
NBS Subtotal 908 1,573
Community Capacity & Resilience (COM)
COM-1 Improve climate and emergency preparedness. N/A N/A COM-2 Reduce exposure to extreme heat and mitigate the urban heat island effect. N/A N/A COM-3 Bolster protection for sea level rise and flooding. N/A N/A COM-4 Build a more sustainable food system and increase local food security. N/A N/A COM-5 Create a local economy that prioritizes green businesses and "high road" workforce development. N/A N/A
COM-6 Provide education and outreach opportunities to help support CAN awareness and implementation. N/A N/A
COM Subtotal N/A N/A
Municipal Operations (MUN)
MUN-1 Reduce emissions from municipal buildings and facilities. N/A N/A MUN-2 Minimize vehicle miles traveled for City employees. N/A N/A MUN-3 Shift to clean municipal on-road and off-road vehicles and equipment. N/A N/A MUN-4 Reduce municipal water use. N/A N/A
MUN-5 Practice sustainable waste management for municipal operations. N/A N/A MUN-6 Protect municipal assets from climate hazards. N/A N/A MUN Subtotal N/A N/A
Total GHG Emissions Reductions from Strategies 64,051 56,692 GHG Emissions Reductions Needed to Meet Target 63,595 59,301 Target Met? Yes No
Remaining Gap to Target1 (456) 2,609
Notes: CAN = Climate Action Newark; GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; N/A = not applicable. 1 Values in parentheses indicate the target has been met with a surplus of reductions.

Source: Calculations conducted by Ascent in 2025.

In the table below, all actions identify City departments responsible for implementation as well as partner organizations and agencies to facilitate successful implementation. Some department and organization names have been abbreviated in the table and are defined as follows:

Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

 City Departments
 CD/CP = Community Development, Community Preservation  CD/ED = Community Development, Economic Development
 CD/P&H = Community Development, Planning and Housing
 CMO = City Manager’s Office
 PW/BI = Public Works, Building Inspection
 PW/CIP = Public Works, Capital Improvement Program
 PW/ENG = Public Works, Engineering
 PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services
 PW/M = Public Works, Maintenance
 RCS = Recreation and Community Services
 Implementing Partners
 ABAG = Association of Bay Area Governments
 AC OES = Alameda County Office of Emergency Services
 AC Transit = Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District
 ACFD = Alameda County Fire Department
 ACOE = Alameda County Office of Education
 ACPHD = Alameda County Public Health Department
 ACWD = Alameda County Water District
 ADF = Arbor Day Foundation
 Alameda CTC = Alameda County Transportation Commission  Ava = Ava Community Energy
 BayREN = Bay Area Regional Energy Network
 BAWSCA = Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency
 BCDC = San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission  CCCR = Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge
 CBO = community-based organization
 MTC = Metropolitan Transportation Commission
 NUSD = Newark Unified School District
 PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric Company
 UFF = Urban Forest Friends
 USFWS = United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

2.1 ENERGY TRANSITION & EFFICIENCY (EN)
Table 2 EN Strategies and Actions
Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
Strategy EN-1: Electrify and decarbonize the city's building stock.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 23% of existing residential buildings are fully electrified  21% of existing nonresidential buildings are fully electrified By 2045:
 48% of existing residential buildings are fully electrified  46% of existing nonresidential buildings are fully electrified EN-1-A
Develop a comprehensive building energy retrofit plan to transition existing residential and nonresidential buildings to all-electric. The plan should address end-of-life recycling and disposal of gas appliances, and additionally, should include policies that provide incentives to replace gas-powered appliances with electric alternatives (e.g., heat pumps, electric water heaters, induction stoves) and that cover the costs of electrical panel upgrades and other necessary infrastructure improvements. The plan could be informed by BayREN's Existing Buildings Study.
 PW/BI
 PW/ENV
 BayREN
EN-1-B
Promote existing websites and incentive resources from BayREN, Ava, PG&E, and The Switch Is On that provide information on building electrification, such as replacing natural gas stoves with all-electric induction range cooktops, among other opportunities.
 PW/ENV
 BayRen
 Ava
 PG&E
Strategy EN-2: Expand clean energy generation and use.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 100% carbon-free electricity from Ava
By 2045:
 100% carbon-free electricity from Ava
EN-2-A Streamline the permitting of nonresidential solar photovoltaics or other renewable energy and battery storage projects.
 PW/BI  N/A
EN-2-B
Support Ava's commitment to achieve 100 percent green energy by 2030, which may include developing and implementing measures to increase residential and business enrollment in Ava's Renewable 100 service plan.  PW/ENV  Ava
Strategy EN-3: Promote energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

Key Indicators
N/A
EN-3-A
Establish a program that connects owners and occupants of residential and nonresidential buildings to existing energy audit and weatherization programs and resources (e.g., California’s Low-Income Weatherization Program, BayREN's Home Energy Advisors), and additionally, helps to determine eligibility. Where existing programs and resources do not exist or are insufficient to meet local demand, consider partnering with CBOs and other local and regional organizations to support and expand access to such programs and resources.  PW/ENV
 BayREN
 Rising
Sun
 CBOs
EN-3-B
Partner with BayREN to promote their financing and rebate opportunities for residential and business energy efficiency upgrades (e.g., insulation, air sealing, heating and cooling systems, duct replacements). Through the partnership,  PW/ENV  BayREN
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
develop new pathways to expand eligibility and to potentially bundle various energy efficiency upgrades to deliver more savings.

EN-3-C
Increase public awareness of reducing plug loads in homes and businesses, which should include educational materials on efficient appliance usage, smart power strips, and standby power. Partner with local schools (e.g., NUSD), libraries, and community groups to host workshops and distribute materials.  PW/ENV
 NUSD
 CBOs
EN-3-D
Connect commercial building owners with Ava's Building Efficiency Accelerator program, which offers free site assessments to identify energy savings opportunities, 12 months of free technical and implementation support, and additional program benefits and incentives.
 PW/ENV
 CD/ED
 Ava
Notes: Ava = Ava Community Energy; BayREN = Bay Area Regional Energy Network; CBOs = community-based organizations; CD/ED = Community Development, Economic Development; CEC = California Energy Commission; GHG = greenhouse gas; N/A = not applicable; NUSD = Newark Unified School District; PG&E = Pacific Gas & Electric Company; PW/BI = Public Works, Building Inspection; PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2025.

2.2 SUSTAINABLE ON- AND OFF-ROAD TRANSPORTATION & LAND

USE (TR)
Table 3 TR Strategies and Actions
Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
Strategy TR-1: Make active transportation the preferred method of getting around, where feasible.

Key Indicators
N/A
TR-1-A
Adopt the City of Newark Active Transportation Plan to serve as an update to the City of Newark Pedestrian & Bicycle Master Plan. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.  PW/CIP
 PW/ENV
 N/A
Strategy TR-2: Increase the safety, accessibility, and
reliability of public transit.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 15% increase in transit service miles or service hours  50% increase in transit service frequency
BY 2045:
 20% increase in transit service miles or service hours  50% increase in transit service frequency
TR-2-A
Partner with AC Transit and MTC to connect low-income residents with the Clipper START pilot program, which provides single-ride discounts to riders between the ages of 19 and 64 who meet eligible income levels.
 CMO
 AC Transit
 MTC
TR-2-B
Develop and adopt a transit-supportive complete streets policy that prioritizes transit operations alongside other modes of transportation. The policy will ensure that all future street design and reconstruction projects consider transit needs, including dedicated bus lanes, queue jumps, and transit signal priority systems, and  PW/ENG
 AC Transit
 Alameda CTC
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
implementation of the policy will involve updating design standards, revising the development review process, training City staff, and ongoing collaboration with AC Transit to continually assess and update bus routes, as needed.

TR-2-C
Improve safe pedestrian access to transit facilities across the city, in accordance with the City of Newark Local Roadway Safety Plan, and in collaboration with ACWD, AC Transit and NUSD. Improvements may be addressed through neighborhood slow zones, curbside management strategies, floating transit islands, protected bike lanes, crosswalk and sidewalk improvements (e.g., mid-block crossings, shortened pedestrian crossings, and protected intersections), adding lighting to improve nighttime safety and wayfinding, adding wayfinding signage, and co-locating bus stops with pedestrian crossings, among others.
 PW/ENG
 ACWD
 AC Transit
 NUSD
TR-2-D
Continue partnering with the City of Fremont to provide paratransit services for seniors and people with disabilities through the "Ride on Tri-City!" program, with ongoing coordination on potential revisions or improvements to the program.  CMO
 RCS
 Fremont
TR-2-E
Increase transit frequency and network coverage of bus lines serving Newark.

Conduct a city-wide transit study to understand the travel patterns of residents, visitors, and commuters to prioritize underserved areas.  PW/ENG  AC Transit
TR-2-F
Improve bus stops in Newark. This includes ensuring stops have barrier-free accessibility, adequate seating, durable and visually attractive shelters, lighting, posted schedules, real-time arrival information, incorporating audio and visual features for those with impairments, and parking enforcement.  PW/ENG
 AC Transit
 MTC
Strategy TR-3: Expand and encourage shared mobility
options.

Key Indicators
N/A
TR-3-A
Partner with NUSD, Ohlone College (Newark Campus), local employers, and other institutions to develop and implement a suite of strategies promoting shared mobility options for students and employees, which may include providing educational resources and promotional materials, encouraging employers to provide pre-tax transportation allowances that can be used for shared mobility services, and offering discounts through negotiated bulk purchasing or subsidies.  CMO
 PW/ENG
 CD/ED
 NUSD
 Ohlone
College
 CBOs
TR-3-B
Establish partnerships with private micromobility companies (e.g., Spin, Bird, Lime, CycleHop) to create shared scooter and e-bike services within the city, which should emphasize equitable access (e.g., offering discounted rates for low-income residents) and enforce improper parking of scooters and e-bikes that block the path of other mobility options.
 CMO
 PW/ENG
 CD/P&H
 CD/ED
 Micromobility
companies
TR-3-C
Collaborate with the Cities of Union City and Fremont to implement a crossjurisdictional community ZEV car share pilot program to benefit disadvantaged communities, which will place ZEVs at affordable housing communities in the tri-city area where residents can reserve the vehicles at a low cost to run errands, get to appointments, and take local trips.
 PW/ENV
 Union City
 Fremont
Strategy TR-4: Where and when passenger and
commercial vehicle use is necessary, accelerate the
adoption of zero-emission vehicles.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 52% of light-duty vehicles are EVs or PHEVs
 30% of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are EVs or PHEVs By 2045:
 91% of light-duty vehicles are EVs or PHEVs
 75% of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are EVs or PHEVs Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
TR-4-A
Consider adopting a reach code for EV charging to meet CALGreen voluntary standards for new residential and commercial development to install conduits for EV charging equipment. Ensure minimum EV charging requirements reflect updated projections and metrics for EV charging usage and continue to increase the number of charging stations in residential and nonresidential development throughout the city.
 PW/BI  N/A
TR-4-B
Conduct a citywide study to identify optimal locations for public EV charging stations based on traffic patterns, proximity to major destinations, and existing electrical infrastructure. Utilize the study to prioritize investments in and seek grant funding (e.g., Bay Area Air District‘s "Charge!" Program) for expanding public EV charging infrastructure in targeted areas, particularly in gas stations and new and existing multifamily residential and commercial development.  PW/ENG
 PW/ENV
 Bay Area Air
District
TR-4-C
Establish a public-private partnership program to accelerate and jointly fund the deployment and maintenance of a comprehensive EV charging infrastructure network throughout the city. As part of the program, the City will actively engage with private sector stakeholders (e.g., large employers, retail centers, hospitality businesses) to identify potential partnership opportunities, determine optimal EV charging station locations, and explore innovative funding mechanisms (e.g., charging station sponsorships, advertising revenue models).  PW/ENV
 CD/ED
 Private sector
stakeholders
TR-4-D Develop a permit checklist to install EVSE within the public right-of-way by 2029, pursuant to Assembly Bill 2427 (2024).
 PW/ENG  N/A
Strategy TR-5: Prioritize sustainable land use by
increasing residential density, supporting a diversity of land uses, and implementing transportation demand
management strategies.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 50% of employees participating in TDM programs
TR-5-A
Recognizing the nexus between climate and housing, continue to implement the climate-friendly policies and programs identified in the Housing Element, such as those that promote higher-density and mixed-use development and encourage the construction of ADUs.
 CD/P&H  N/A
TR-5-B
Implement Safety Element Action SAF-1.C, which calls for updating the zoning ordinance to include transportation demand management standards for development projects.
 CD/P&H  N/A
TR-5-C
Remove parking minimums for new development within half a mile of major transit stops and high-quality public transit corridors and consider establishing parking maximums in new development, aligning with other parking reform programs, such as Housing Element Program H3.5.
 CD/P&H  N/A
TR-5-D
Update parking standards and regulations to ensure that parking: (1) is efficiently designed and addresses the desire to encourage walking, bicycling, the use of alternative fuel vehicles, and public transit use; (2) aligns with AB 2097; and (3) considers changing business patterns, technology, consumer behavior, demographics, and changes in vehicle design and technology.  CD/P&H  N/A
TR-5-E
In accordance with SB 743, amend Newark’s General Plan such that transportation is evaluated based on vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) instead of level-of-service (LOS) and that all references to LOS are removed.
 CD/P&H  N/A
Strategy TR-6: Reduce emissions associated with offroad transportation and equipment.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 80% of construction equipment is zero-emission
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
 25% of generators used at construction sites are zero-emission  100% of existing landscaping equipment is replaced with electric versions By 2045:
 100% of construction equipment is zero-emission
 25% of generators used at construction sites are zero-emission  100% of existing landscaping equipment is replaced with electric versions TR-6-A Require all discretionary development projects starting in 2027 and later to use renewable diesel in diesel-powered construction equipment.  CD/P&H  Bay Area Air
District
TR-6-B
Prohibit the use of fossil fuel-powered generators at construction sites in all discretionary projects starting in 2027. Coordinate with PG&E to ensure temporary construction power connections to minimize potential project delays.  CD/P&H  Bay Area Air
District
TR-6-C
Develop strategies to encourage business owners (e.g., landscaping businesses) to convert or replace their fossil fuel-powered equipment, such as lawn mowers, leaf blowers, and hedge trimmers, with electric or other alternative zero-emission equipment.
 PW/ENV
 CD/ED
 Bay Area Air
District
Notes: AC Transit = Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District; Alameda CTC = Alameda County Transportation Commission; CBOs = communitybased organizations; CD/ED = Community Development, Economic Development; CD/P&H = Community Development, Planning and Housing; CMO = City Manager’s Office; EV = electric vehicle; EVSE = electric vehicle supply equipment; MTC = Metropolitan Transportation Commission; N/A = not applicable; NUSD = Newark Unified School District; PG&E = Pacific Gas & Electric; PHEV = plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; PW/BI = Public Works, Building Inspection; PW/CIP = Public Works, Capital Improvement Program; PW/ENG = Public Works, Engineering; PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services; ZEV = zero-emission vehicle.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2025.

2.3 RESPONSIBLE USE OF RESOURCES (RES)
Table 4 RES Strategies and Actions
Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s)
Strategy RES-1: Expand the practice of circular economy principles that promote the reuse, repair, and recycling of goods and materials.

Key Indicators
N/A
RES-1-A
Promote StopWaste's Repair Workshop Calendar, which serves as a repository for scheduled repair events for broken or damaged household items (e.g., clothes, smartphones) where attendees are empowered to learn valuable repair skills. Partner with StopWaste, local and regional repair shops, makerspaces, and other organizations to explore offering additional repair events.
 PW/ENV  StopWaste
RES-1-B
Building upon the Sustainable Foodware Ordinance, partner with local food service establishments (e.g., restaurants, delis, food trucks, grocery stores) to provide incentives, such as discounts or loyalty rewards, for customers who bring in and use their own reusable containers.
 PW/ENV
 CD/ED
 Local food
service
establishments
RES-1-C
Work with StopWaste to develop and implement strategies (e.g., increased awareness, incentives) that further promote the use of their "RE:Source" guide for the reuse, repair, recycling, and safe disposal of a broad range of items.  PW/ENV  StopWaste
RES-1-D
Identify opportunities for circular economy demonstration projects or public art opportunities that use recycled materials to highlight the advantages and provide visibility of circular practices and technologies. Collaborate with local businesses, organizations, artists, and  PW/ENV  CBOs
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s)
institutions to develop and execute these projects, and share the outcomes and insights gained with the broader community to foster learning and awareness.

Strategy RES-2: Promote responsible organic and inorganic waste management and reduction practices.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 75% of waste is diverted from landfills
RES-2-A
Continue to ensure compliance with SB 1383 by diverting organic waste away from landfills. In coordination with Republic Services, ensure all customers are subscribed to the appropriate level of service and that audits are completed and enforced on the appropriate schedule.  PW/ENV
 Republic
Services
RES-2-B Launch an annual neighborhood cleanup and waste reduction challenge to engage residents in community beautification and waste reduction efforts.  PW/ENV
 CD/CP
 N/A
RES-2-C
In alignment with state goals, adopt a zero-waste policy for events requiring City permits that establish guidelines for event organizers, including requirements for compostable or reusable service ware, proper waste sorting stations, and minimizing physical promotional materials. As part of the policy, seek and train volunteers to serve as "zero-waste ambassadors" to assist with waste sorting and education at events.
 PW/ENV  N/A
Strategy RES-3: Prioritize water-wise practices and
technologies that minimize consumption across the city.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 10% reduction in water consumption
By 2045:
 20% reduction in water consumption
RES-3-A
Adopt a water neutrality ordinance that requires new development—or other changes within the service area that will require a new water service or will increase water demand above the existing demand level—to offset the projected water demand with water efficiency, conservation, and retrofit measures to create a net neutral impact on overall water demand.  CD/P&H
 PW/ENG
 ACWD
RES-3-B
Work with local and regional partners to promote and expand existing programs and initiatives that promote residential water conservation, such as BAWSCA's Rain Barrel Rebate Program, and ACWD's free water conservation kits and free leak kits, among others. With these partners, track and develop strategies to increase the number of residents who take advantage of the existing programs and initiatives.
 PW/ENV
 CMO
 ACWD
 BAWSCA
RES-3-C In collaboration with ACWD, explore the development of water use efficiency program opportunities and implement, where feasible.
 PW/ENV
 CD/P&H
 ACWD
RES-3-D
Support and coordinate with ACWD to expand potable water reuse options across the city, which may include assisting with the assessment of regulatory, technical, and financial considerations for implementing these options.
 PW/ENG
 PW/ENV
 ACWD
Notes: ACWD = Alameda County Water District; BAWSCA = Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency; CBOs = community-based organizations; CD/CP = Community Development, Community Preservation; CD/ED = Community Development, Economic Development; CD/P&H = Community Development, Planning and Housing; CMO = City Manager’s Office; N/A = not applicable; PW/ENG = Public Works, Engineering; PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services; SB = Senate Bill Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2025.

Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

2.4 NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS & URBAN GREENING (NBS)
Table 5 NBS Strategies and Actions
Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
Strategy NBS-1: Maintain and expand the city’s urban tree canopy.

Key Indicators
By 2035:
 30% of priority landscapes receive tree canopy
By 2045:
 50% of priority landscapes receive tree canopy
NBS-1-A
Prepare and adopt an urban forest management plan that will inform and influence the vegetation, habitats and trees in projects, development, and ordinances for maximum environmental sustainability, climate resiliency, biodiversity and health benefits. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.  RCS
 PW/ENV
 CD/P&H
 N/A
NBS-1-B
Develop a free residential street tree program that builds upon the initial pilot program. As part of the program: (1) Develop recommended street tree list; (2) establish formal eligibility criteria and implementation processes; (3) partner with local nurseries and tree suppliers; and (4) provide educational resources to participants on proper tree planting and maintenance.  RCS
 PW/ENV
 UFF
NBS-1-C
Foster a sense of community ownership, engagement, and stewardship of the city's urban forest by developing and implementing a tree adoption program, where residents and local businesses can sponsor and be recognized (e.g., through the City's website and social media platforms) for the planting and maintenance of trees in public spaces. Offer a variety of sponsorship levels and options (e.g., group of trees, entire planting area), where sponsorship fees can cover both: (1) the costs of purchasing, planting, and maintaining the trees for a specified period (e.g., 3-5 years); and (2) a dedicated endowment fund, where a portion of the sponsorship fees can be reinvested to support long-term program maintenance.
 RCS
 PW/ENV
 CD/ED
 CD/P&H
 N/A
NBS-1-D
Continue to maintain the city's consecutive multi-decade status as a Tree City USA® recognized community, which can be upheld by meeting four core standards: (1) forming and maintaining a tree board or department; (2) establishing a tree care ordinance; (3) maintaining a community forestry program with an annual budget of at least two dollars per capita; and (4) observing and celebrating Arbor Day. Tree City USA® is a program led by ADF that celebrates towns and cities committed to growing their urban tree canopy.
 PW/ENV
 PW/M
 ADF
NBS-1-E
Continue to partner with UFF to support and promote their events, which focus on tree planting, tree care, and related community outreach and education in the tri-city area (i.e., Newark, Fremont, Union City).
 CMO  UFF
Strategy NBS-2: Integrate green stormwater infrastructure throughout the city.

Key Indicators
N/A
NBS-2-A Continue to track and report the implementation of the City’s Green Stormwater Infrastructure Plan, in accordance with Safety Element Action SAF-4.H.  PW/ENG
 PW/ENV
 ACWD
NBS-2-B
Collaborate with NUSD and local private schools to transform schoolyards into green spaces by incorporating green stormwater infrastructure elements and utilizing the green spaces as outdoor learning laboratories for environmental education. Engage students, teachers, and parents in the design and maintenance process through partnerships with ACOE and CBOs.  PW/ENV
 NUSD
 ACOE
 ACWD
 UFF
 CBOs
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
Strategy NBS-3: Protect, restore, and enhance natural areas, wetlands, and ecosystems.

Key Indicators
 Acres of restored habitat
NBS-3-A
Establish a City-led task force composed of residents and interested stakeholders to develop a shared vision and to identify and evaluate potential policies and measures that the City may formally adopt to balance current and future housing needs with the long-term protection and restoration of the city's wetlands (i.e., Area 4).
 CMO
 CD/P&H
 CCCR
NBS-3-B
Develop a plan for managing and restoring the city's wetlands. Collaborate with USFWS, BCDC, ACWD, and other partners to ensure the plan aligns with regional conservation goals and includes provisions for addressing sea-level rise and climate change impacts. The plan should include clear guidelines for managing stormwater inputs to wetlands to prevent pollutant accumulation and consider hydrologic connections between wetlands and the underlying groundwater basin.
 CMO
 CD/P&H
 PW/ENV
 USFWS
 BCDC
 ACWD
 CCCR
Strategy NBS-4: Promote sustainable landscaping practices that support native vegetation and pollinator habitats.

Key Indicators
N/A
NBS-4-A
To support local pollinator populations, enhance urban biodiversity and climate resilience, and improve the city's aesthetic appeal, develop and implement a plan to establish a network of pollinator habitat corridors across the city, connecting existing green spaces and creating new habitats for pollinators by utilizing public spaces, rights-of-way, and participating private properties. Plan implementation can also include the installation of interpretive signage along the corridors to educate the public about pollinators and native plants, including the role of Newark and the Bay Area in the migration trail of the threatened Western Monarch butterfly species.
 PW/ENV
 CMO
 N/A
NBS-4-B
Partner with BAWSCA and ACWD to promote and expand the Lawn Be Gone Rebate Program, where customers can receive a rebate of two dollars per square foot for removing their grass lawns and installing native, water-efficient landscapes.  CMO
 PW/ENV
 BAWSCA
 ACWD
NBS-4-C
Promote StopWaste's existing resources, such as the Bay-Friendly Gardening Guide: From Your Backyard to the Bay, Now That Your Lawn is Gone Maintenance Guide, and others, that include information and guidance on sustainable landscape design, native plant selection, soil health management, and integrated pest management practices.
 CMO
 PW/ENV
 StopWaste
Notes: ACOE = Alameda County Office of Education; ACWD = Alameda County Water District; ADF = Arbor Day Foundation; BAWSCA = Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency; BCDC = San Francico Bay Conservation and Development Commission; CBOs = community-based organizations; CD/ED = Community Development, Economic Development; CD/P&H = Community Development, Planning and Housing; CMO = City Manager’s Office; N/A = not applicable; NUSD = Newark Unified School District; PW/ENG = Public Works, Engineering; PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services; PW/M = Public Works, Maintenance; RCS = Recreation and Community Services; UFF = Urban Forest Friends; USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2025.

2.5 COMMUNITY CAPACITY & RESILIENCE (COM)
Table 6 COM Strategies and Actions
Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
Strategy COM-1: Improve climate and emergency
preparedness.

Key Indicators
N/A
COM-1-A Adopt an ordinance for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction that includes provisions for debris clearance, damage assessment, demolitions, re-occupancy and building moratorium  CMO  AC OES
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
criteria, fee waivers and deferrals, and expedited permitting procedures for repair and reconstruction.
 PW/BI
COM-1-B
Continue partnering with ACFD to offer CERT training and other personal emergency and disaster preparedness trainings, and additionally, expand training opportunities to directly address community and neighborhood-level preparedness for climate impacts. Develop and implement measures to increase training awareness and participation.  CMO  ACFD
COM-1-C
Partner with BayREN and local contractors to establish a climate-ready home assessment program that is intended to help homeowners and renters make their residences more resilient through subsidized assessments and retrofits. Through the program, trained assessors will evaluate properties for climate-related vulnerabilities and residents will receive a customized report with recommended improvements, potential cost savings, and applicable funding opportunities.
 CMO
 CD/P&H
 BayREN
COM-1-D
Develop a local, resident- and business-focused climate resilience toolkit that consolidates and builds upon existing local and regional materials, partnering with AC OES, ABAG, local businesses, and CBOs. All toolkit materials should be available in multiple languages and include specific considerations for those who may be more vulnerable (e.g., children, individuals with access and functional needs), along with general guidance on keeping one’s home or business safe when faced with climate stressors.
 CMO
 AC OES
 ABAG
 CBOs
COM-1-E Develop and implement strategies to expand the reach of AC Alert, the mass notification system used by cities throughout Alameda County to rapidly spread emergency alerts.  CMO  AC OES
Strategy COM-2: Reduce exposure to extreme heat and
mitigate the urban heat island effect.

Key Indicators
N/A
COM-2-A
Establish official criteria and guidelines for the opening and operation of cooling centers within city boundaries, with an emphasis on equity and accessibility through flexible dates and hours, a variety of high priority locations throughout the city, and transportation considerations.

Cooling centers may include both City and non-City facilities (e.g., schools). For facilities that are not directly under the City's purview but fall within city boundaries, establish contingency agreements to facilitate the opening and operation of these facilities as temporary cooling centers during periods of extreme heat, as defined by the established criteria and guidelines.  CMO
 RCS
 NUSD
COM-2-B
Evaluate and consider establishing requirements for the use of heat mitigation measures in the public realm, particularly in common community gathering spaces (e.g., playgrounds, parks) and along transit corridors. Requirements may include the incorporation of: (1) building design features (e.g., varied building heights; setbacks from sidewalks; vertical and horizontal shade features); (2) cooling materials, treatments, and coatings (e.g., for rooftops); (3) multiple layers of shading to maximize coverage throughout the day; (4) street trees and landscaping; and (5) public amenities, such as drinking fountains and water mister/spray areas; among others.  PW/BI
 PW/ENG
 PW/ENV
 PW/M
 RCS
 N/A
COM-2-C
In coordination with AC Library, AC OES, and community volunteers (e.g., Newark Community Emergency Response Team), establish the Newark Library as a permanent community resilience center that can serve as a resource and gathering place during extreme heat events and other emergencies. Seek grant funding from the Strategic Growth Council, BayREN, or other sources.  CMO
 AC Library
 AC OES
COM-2-D
With each triennial building code update, evaluate the City's existing design guidelines and standards to further promote building materials and site design techniques that provide passive cooling and reduce energy demand. Upon completion of the evaluation and if needed, develop and propose appropriate updates to be reviewed, tailored, and adopted by the Planning Commission and City Council.
 PW/BI  N/A
COM-2-E Establish a program to assist and incentivize residential and nonresidential building owners in retrofitting existing buildings with cool roofs or green roofs, underscoring the array of co-  PW/BI  N/A Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
benefits they have to offer aside from mitigating the urban heat island effect, such as reduced energy costs. As part of the program, consider developing guidelines and linking to an array of external resources for proper maintenance. This action supports implementation of the City’s Housing Element Program 6.3, under which the City would amend the building ordinance to require buildings to exceed Title 24 standards by installing cool roofs for all new or replacement roofs.

COM-2-F
Establish a pilot program to install cool (i.e., high albedo) pavement in select neighborhoods, partnering with technical expertise on cool pavement materials and performance monitoring, and additionally, with ACPHD to identify heat-vulnerable populations and prioritize project locations. Assuming program success and community buy-in, develop a plan to gradually expand cool pavement installation across the city, prioritizing areas with high pedestrian activity, low tree canopy, and relatively lower flood risk (i.e., areas where permeable pavement may be more appropriate).
 PW/ENG
 ACPHD
 ACWD
Strategy COM-3: Bolster protection for sea level rise and flooding.

Key Indicators
N/A
COM-3-A
Adopt a local sea level rise adaptation plan to help build resilience to permanent coastal inundation and temporary coastal flooding. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.
 PW/ENV  N/A
COM-3-B
Partner with Adopt-a-Drain to implement a local storm drain adoption program, which will engage residents to "adopt" storm drains, keep them clear of debris, and report any issues to the City. The program will include an educational component about the importance of proper stormwater management, including safety guidance, stormwater-groundwater interactions, and debris removal. This will inspire stewardship, community ownership, and behavior change to prevent runoff pollution and reduce localized flooding.  PW/ENG
 PW/ENV
 Adopt-aDrain
COM-3-C
Evaluate the need for more stringent minimum standards for flood protection, groundwater inundation, and resilience, notably for new construction and major renovations. Specific considerations should include floor elevations, flood-resistant materials, and improved drainage systems (among others), and additionally, potential incentives for exceeding minimum standards. Depending on the outcomes of the evaluation, update the Municipal Code to incorporate new standards.
 PW/BI
 PW/ENV
 N/A
Strategy COM-4: Build a more sustainable food system and increase local food security.

Key Indicators
N/A
COM-4-A
Adopt an ordinance that clearly defines, permits, and encourages various forms of urban agriculture within the city, such as community gardens, rooftop gardens, backyard chicken keeping, and small-scale commercial urban farms. The ordinance would update zoning regulations, as needed, to explicitly allow agricultural activities in residential, commercial, and mixed-use zones, setting clear guidelines for permissible practices.  CD/P&H  N/A
COM-4-B
In partnership with local CBOs and where allowed by local ordinance, create and manage a network of community gardens and fruit trees throughout the city, which would involve identifying suitable public spaces, such as vacant lots or underutilized park areas, and transforming them into productive garden or fruit tree plots. Additionally, the network can be promoted to draw local volunteers to serve as garden stewards and foster a sense of community ownership. All food grown at the community gardens can be donated to local food pantries.
 RCS
 PW/ENV
 CBOs
COM-4-C Launch a multilingual outreach and education campaign focused on urban agriculture and sustainable food production, offering a series of workshops, classes, and hands-on training  CMO  CBOs
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
sessions covering related topics (e.g., container gardening, seasonal planting, caring for private fruit trees, organic pest management).
 RCS
COM-4-D
Partnering with local CBOs, organize regularly recurring community "food swap" events where residents can exchange homemade, homegrown, or foraged foods with each other to reduce food waste and foster a sense of community connectivity.  CMO
 RCS
 CBOs
COM-4-E
Partner with NUSD and local private schools to further integrate food education and local food sourcing into curricula and/or voluntary extra-curricular activities (e.g., gardening clubs). The initiative will establish gardens at each school site and provide curriculum resources for teachers, and additionally, would encourage regular "taste tests" as a form of student engagement to help promote acceptance and enthusiasm for healthy, locally grown foods.  CMO
 RCS
 NUSD
Strategy COM-5: Create a local economy that prioritizes green businesses.

Key Indicators
N/A
COM-5-A
Promote strategies to encourage local businesses to meet the requirements for and get certified by the California Green Business Network, which may include local incentives or benefits (e.g., promotional support from the City).
 CD/ED
 Green
Business
Network
COM-5-B
Promote green tenant leasing practices for commercial businesses to align tenant and landlord co-benefits, utilizing best practices such as those identified in the Green Tenant Toolkit developed by the Business Council on Climate Change.
 CD/ED  N/A
COM-5-C
Partner with CBOs and businesses to develop and implement targeted outreach campaigns that raise awareness of green business products and services available to residents, emphasizing the benefits of sustainable consumption and accessibility of local green options.

To support outreach, multilingual materials will be created to inform residents of where they can purchase sustainable products and services and access related information.  CD/ED
 PW/ENV
 CBOs
 Businesses
Strategy COM-6: Provide education and outreach opportunities to help support CAN awareness and implementation.

Key Indicators
N/A
COM-6-A
Develop an education and outreach program that will help spread awareness and support implementation of each of the strategies and actions included in CAN. The program may identify or include both broad topics (e.g., water conservation, circular economy) and tailored engagement opportunities that are specific to each strategy and/or action. Additionally, the program will engage and/or partner with a diverse range of local stakeholders (e.g., residents, businesses, schools, CBOs).
 CMO
 PW/ENV
 CBOs
 Businesses
Notes: ABAG = Association of Bay Area Governments; AC Library = Alameda County Library; AC OES = Alameda County Office of Emergency Services; ACFD = Alameda County Fire Department; ACPHD = Alameda County Public Health Department; BayREN = Bay Area Regional Energy Network; CAN = Climate Action Newark; CBOs = community-based organizations; CD/CP = Community Development, Community Preservation; CD/ED = Community Development, Economic Development; CD/P&H = Community Development, Planning and Housing; CERT = Community Emergency Response Team; CMO = City Manager’s Office; N/A = not applicable; NUSD = Newark Unified School District; PW/BI = Public Works, Building Inspection; PW/ENG = Public Works, Engineering, PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services; PW/M = Public Works, Maintenance; RCS = Recreation and Community Services
Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2025.

Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

2.6 MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS (MUN)
Table 7 MUN Strategies and Actions
Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
Strategy MUN-1: Reduce emissions from municipal buildings and facilities.

Key Indicators
By 2027:
 100% of new municipal buildings and facilities are all electric MUN-1-A Adopt a policy requiring new municipal buildings and facilities to be all-electric, starting in 2027  PW/BI  N/A MUN-1-B
Develop and implement a roadmap outlining the necessary steps and timeline for electrifying existing municipal buildings and facilities, including a detailed inventory of current building systems, and a prioritized list of buildings for electrification based on factors such as age of equipment, energy use intensity, and necessary electrification measures. The roadmap should also include cost estimates, potential funding sources, and projected energy savings and GHG emissions reductions for each project.
 PW/BI
 PW/M
 N/A
MUN-1-C
Launch an initiative to install solar carports and battery storage systems at existing municipal parking lots to transform them into dual-purpose spaces that provide shade and generate/store clean energy. This would involve identifying suitable locations within parking lots, designing appropriate carport structures, complying with existing standards identified in the Municipal Code, and integrating EV charging stations, where feasible.  PW/M  N/A
MUN-1-D Participate in Ava's Resilient Facilities Program to reduce the cost and complexity associated with developing solar microgrid and battery backup installations for municipal operations.  PW/M  Ava
MUN-1-E
Develop and adopt a green building policy requiring all new municipal buildings to meet or exceed LEED Gold certification standards, establishing requirements for energy-efficient design, renewable energy integration, water conservation, and sustainable materials use.  CMO
 PW/BI
 PW/M
 N/A
MUN-1-F
Install a building energy management system (BEMS) in all municipal buildings and facilities that provides real-time monitoring and control of energy usage, allowing for optimization of heating, cooling, and lighting systems. Each BEMS will include smart sensors, automated controls, and data analytics capabilities to identify energy-saving opportunities, and implementation will involve a phased approach, starting with the largest energy-consuming buildings and facilities and gradually expanding to all facilities.  PW/BI
 PW/M
 N/A
Strategy MUN-2: Minimize vehicle miles traveled for City employees.

Key Indicators
N/A
MUN-2-A
Explore the establishment of pre-tax fringe benefits (among other benefits) that encourage alternative forms of commuting other than driving alone, such as participating in AC Transit's EasyPass program, which would provide unlimited AC Transit bus passes to City employees.  CMO  AC Transit
MUN-2-B
Conduct a review of municipal buildings and facilities to identify opportunities to increase amenities that encourage biking, such as bicycle parking/storage, shelters, end-of-trip facilities (e.g., repair stands, bicycle wash stations, showers, locker rooms), and electric bicycle charging infrastructure.
 CMO
 PW/ENV
 N/A
Strategy MUN-3: Shift to clean municipal on-road and off-road vehicles and equipment.

Key Indicators
N/A
MUN-3-A
Establish and implement a plan to: (1) transition the municipal vehicle fleet to EVs and other ZEVs; and (2) scale up and provide ongoing maintenance for the infrastructure required to support a full ZEV fleet (e.g., deployment of EV charging stations at appropriate locations).  CMO
 PW/M
 N/A
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
MUN-3-B
Establish an incentive program for contractors working on City projects to use low- or zeroemission off-road vehicles and equipment (e.g., landscaping, construction), which will offer a tiered incentive structure, with higher incentives for using zero-emission equipment. Incentives could include bid preferences, contract bonuses, or other direct financial incentives. The program may also include a recognition component where contractors who consistently use clean equipment are highlighted in City publications or at City events.  CMO
 PW/M
 N/A
Strategy MUN-4: Reduce municipal water use.

Key Indicators
By 2028:
 100% conversion of irrigated nonfunctional turfgrass
MUN-4-A
Continue phasing out the irrigation of nonfunctional turfgrass with potable water on municipal property through means such as replacing water-intensive landscaping with native, droughttolerant plants and/or permeable hardscaping. Ensure full compliance with AB 1572 by 2027.  PW/M  N/A
MUN-4-B
Develop a water-efficient vehicle washing policy for all municipal vehicles that requires the use of water-saving techniques, such as high pressure, low-flow nozzles, and the capture and reuse of recycled water where feasible. Collected water will be properly treated and disposed at the appropriate facilities.
 CMO
 PW/M
 N/A
MUN-4-C
Upgrade all municipal irrigation systems to smart, weather-based systems that use real-time weather data and soil moisture sensors to optimize watering schedules and reduce overwatering, and additionally, develop a maintenance and monitoring program to ensure long-term efficiency.
 PW/M  N/A
MUN-4-D
Conduct periodic water use audits for all municipal buildings and facilities, which will help to identify leaks, inefficient fixtures, and opportunities for water reuse. Based on annual audit results, develop a list of water-saving upgrades and needed operational changes.  PW/M  N/A
Strategy MUN-5: Practice sustainable waste management for municipal operations.

Key Indicators
N/A
MUN-5-A
Conduct a review of existing municipal operational practices to identify and implement practices to avoid waste generation, which may be accompanied by training for City employees to maximize avoidance of waste generation and conducting periodic waste audits to measure the success of existing efforts and inform potential changes to policies and procedures, as necessary.
 PW/M  N/A
MUN-5-B
Increase recycling and organic waste diversion at all municipal buildings and facilities by inventorying and identifying needs for additional recycling and food waste bins and appropriate signage to inform and educate employees and the public on proper waste disposal and recycling.
 PW/M  N/A
Strategy MUN-6: Protect municipal assets from climate hazards.

Key Indicators
N/A
MUN-6-A
Conduct a comprehensive climate change vulnerability assessment specific to municipal assets and planned capital projects, and based on findings, develop a prioritized list of municipal assets requiring climate adaptation interventions.
 PW/CIP
 PW/ENG
 PW/ENV
 N/A
MUN-6-B
Retrofit existing municipal buildings and facilities to improve their resilience to climate hazards (e.g., extreme heat, flooding). Determine and implement solutions that are feasible and tailored for each building or facility (e.g., extreme heat measures may include installing cool/green roofs, enhancing insulation, and incorporating additional passive cooling design elements; floodproofing measures may include elevating critical systems, installing flood barriers, or incorporating flood-resistant materials).
 PW/M  N/A
Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Implementing
Partner(s)
MUN-6-C
Develop a policy mandating the consideration of future climate projections in capital projects that includes a checklist of resilience measures to be considered for different types of projects (e.g., street and park construction and rehabilitation projects, construction and/or repairs to municipal facilities, major equipment replacement purchases).  CMO
 PW/CIP
 N/A
Notes: AB = Assembly Bill; AC Transit = Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District; Ava = Ava Community Energy; CMO = City Manager’s Office; GHG = greenhouse gas; EV = electric vehicle; N/A = not applicable; PW/BI = Public Works, Building Inspection; PW/CIP = Public Works, Capital Improvement Program; PW/ENV = Public Works, Environmental Services; PW/M = Public Works, Maintenance; ZEV = zero-emission vehicle.

Source: Compiled by Ascent in 2025.

Newark CAP Update: Gap Analysis Memo
December 4, 2025

3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS SUMMARY
The total estimated GHG emissions reductions from all quantified strategies would be 64,051 MTCO2e in 2035 and 56,692 MTCO2e in 2045. This would result in total GHG emissions of 155,222 MTCO2e in 2035 and 47,748 MTCO2e in 2045. The total estimated reductions from all proposed GHG reduction measures would be sufficient to meet the emissions reduction target set for 2035, but would fall short of the target set for 2045 by 2,609 MTCO2e. Although the 2045 target would not be achieved based on the estimated GHG reductions, the proposed measures would achieve 96 percent of the Scoping Plan target.

Figure 1 shows the GHG reductions achieved by the proposed measures, organized by the sectors used for the inventories and forecasts (note: the nonresidential and residential building energy sectors have been combined). It demonstrates Newark's emissions with GHG reduction measures and the anticipated achievement of the 2035 target.

Additionally, Newark’s emissions closely approach the 2045 target, despite not meeting it precisely. Due to scale, Figure 1 does not display the 2,609 MTCO2e difference between the city's remaining emissions after strategies and the Scoping Plan target.

Figure 1 Newark Legislative-Adjusted BAU Emissions Forecast with Reductions Anticipated by Proposed GHG Reduction Strategies
Notes: BAU = business-as-usual; GHG = greenhouse gas; MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Source: Calculations conducted by Ascent in 2025.
366,465
155,222
47,748
2022 2035 2045
0 50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
GHG EMissions (MTCO2e)
Legislative Reductions from BAU
Nature-Based Solutions & Urban Greening (NBS)
Responsible Use of Resources (RES)
Energy Transition & Efficiency (EN)
Sustainable On- and Off- Transportation & Land Use (TRANS) Remaining Emissions after Strategies
Scoping Plan Target
Target Setting for City of Newark
Year City Target Emissions Target Percent
Reduction from 2022
Leg-Adjusted
BAU
Difference
from Leg-Adj
BAU
< amount
needed to
be
reduced
2022 366,465
2030 218,614 40% 286,377 67,763
2035 155,678 58% 219,273 63,595
2040 101,529 72% 154,370 52,841
2045 45,139 88% 104,440 59,301
CARB Scoping Plan Emissions Targets by Sector
CARB's Statewide GHG
Inventory
Sectors 2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
Agriculture 31 20 18 17 15
Residential and Commercial 39 27 18 10 4
Electric Power 62 39 31 28 9
High GWP 21 10 10 10 9
Industrial 74 41 29 19 12
Recycling and Waste 8 9 9 8 8
Transportation 146 81 53 27 8
CDR 0 -7 -35 -63 -75
Total 381 220 133 55 -10
Adjusted Total (include applicable sectors only) 329 196 140 91 41 Sources:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32-climate-change-scoping-plan/2022-scoping-plan-documents https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/2022-sp-PATHWAYS-data-E3.xlsx Applicable Emission Sectors
Emission Sectors Applicable to City of Newark?
Agriculture No
Residential and Commercial Yes
Electric Power Yes
High GWP No
Industrial Yes
Recycling and Waste Yes
Transportation Yes
CDR No
City of Newark Target Emissions and Target Percent Reduction from 2022 Emissions Levels 2022 Scoping Plan Scenario
CARB 2022. California Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2000-2020 — by Category as Defined in the 2008 Scoping Plan. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/ghg_inventory_scopingplan_sum_2000-20.pdf Note: State targets relative to 2021 are used as a proxy for 2022. State emissions for 2022 were not yet available as of writing (Summer 2024)
Last Updated: 5/2/25
Emissions Sector Strategy
Measure
Number Measure Action
2035 2045
Actions targeting residential buildings 4,934 11,291
Actions targeting non-residential buildings 7,039 17,118 EN-2 Expand clean energy generation and use.

Support Ava's commitment of achieving 100 percent green energy by 2030, which may includes developing and implementing measures to increase residential and business enrollment in Ava's Renewable 100 service plan, to achieve 90% of the City's total electricity demand served by Ava by 2030. 31,422 -
EN-3 Promote energy efficiency and reduce energy
consumption. Actions to promote and expand energy efficiency program offerings Not Quantified Not Quantified Subtotal 43,396 28,410
TR-1
Make active transportation the preferred
method of getting around, where feasible.

Adopt the City of Newark Active Transportation Plan to serve as an update to the City of Newark Pedestrian & Bicycle Master Plan. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time. 182 38
TR-2-B
Develop and adopt a transit-supportive complete streets policy that prioritizes transit operations alongside other modes of transportation. The policy will ensure that all future street design and reconstruction projects consider transit needs, including dedicated bus lanes, queue jumps, and transit signal priority systems, and implementation of the policy will involve updating design standards, revising the development review process, training City staff, and ongoing collaboration with AC Transit to continually assess and update bus routes, as needed.

TR-2-C
Improve safe pedestrian access to transit facilities across the city, in accordance with the City of Newark Local Roadway Safety Plan, and in collaboration with AC Transit and NUSD.

Improvements may be addressed through neighborhood slow zones, curbside management strategies, floating transit islands, protected bike lanes, crosswalk and sidewalk improvements, adding wayfinding signage, and co-locating bus stops with pedestrian crossings, among others.

TR-2-E
Increase transit frequency and network coverage of bus lines serving Newark. Conduct a citywide transit study to understand the travel patterns of residents, visitors, and commuters to prioritize underserved areas. 685 208
TR-3
Expand and encourage shared mobility
options. Not Quantifiable Not Quantifiable
TR-4
Where and when passenger and commercial
vehicle use is necessary, accelerate the
widespread adoption of zero-emission vehicles. All Actions 9,862 17,936 TR-5-A
Recognizing the nexus between climate and housing, continue to implement the climatefriendly policies and programs identified in the City of Newark 2023-2031 Housing Element, such as those that promote higher-density and mixed-use development and encourage the construction of ADUs. Not Quantifiable Not Quantifiable TR-5-B
Implement Safety Element Action SAF-1.C, which calls for updating the zoning ordinance to include transportation demand management standards for development projects. 1,181 266 TR-5-E
In accordance with SB 743, amend Newark’s
General Plan such that transportation is
evaluated based on vehicle-miles travelled
(VMT) instead of level-of-service (LOS) and that
all references to LOS are removed. 632 272
TR-6-A
Require all discretionary development projects starting in 2027 and later to use renewable diesel in diesel-powered construction equipment. 1,125 1,366 TR-6-B
Prohibit the use of fossil fuel-powered generators at construction sites in all discretionary projects starting in 2027. 543 674
TR-6-C
Develop strategies to encourage business owners (e.g., landscaping businesses) to convert or replace their fossil fuel-powered equipment, such as lawn mowers, leaf blowers, and hedge trimmers, with electric or other alternative zero-emission equipment. - - Subtotal 14,294 20,778
Electrify and decarbonize the city's building
stock. EN-1
18 Building Energy Energy Transition &
Efficiency (EN)
84 Reduce emissions associated with off-road
transportation and equipment.

Sustainable On- and OffTransportation & Land
Use (TRANS)
Off-Road
Transportation
Prioritize sustainable land use by increasing
residential density, supporting a diversity of
land uses, and implementing transportation
demand management strategies.

Increase the safety, accessibility, and reliability
of public transit.

On-Road
Transportation
Newark Climate Action Plan - GHG Reduction Quantification GHG Strategy Quantification Summary
RES-1
Expand the practice of circular economy
principles that promote the reuse, repair, and
recycling of goods and materials. Not Quantifiable Not Quantifiable RES-2
Promote responsible organic and inorganic
waste management and reduction practices. All Actions 5,632 6,289 RES-3
Prioritize water-wise practices and
technologies that minimize consumption
across the city. 0 -
Subtotal 5,632 6,289
NBS-1 Maintain and expand the city's urban tree
canopy.

Expand the urban forest to 30% by 2030 and 50% by 2045. 729 1,216 NBS-2 Integrate green stormwater infrastructure
throughout the city. Not Quantifiable Not Quantifiable
NBS-3 Protect, restore, and enhance natural areas,
wetlands, and ecosystems. Assuming restoration of 25 acres by 2030 and 100 acres by 2045. - - NBS-4
Promote sustainable landscaping practices that
support native vegetation and pollinator
habitats.

Not Quantifiable Not Quantifiable
Subtotal 729 1,216
COM-1 Improve climate and emergency preparedness.

COM-2 Reduce exposure to extreme heat and mitigate
the urban heat island effect.

COM-3 Bolster protection for sea level rise and
flooding.

COM-4 Build a more sustainable food system and
increase local food security.

COM-5
Create a local economy that prioritizes green
businesses and "high road" workforce
development.

COM-6
Provide education and outreach opportunities
to help support CAN awareness and
implementation.

MUN-1 Reduce emissions from municipal buildings
and facilities.

MUN-2 Minimize vehicle miles traveled for City
employees.

MUN-3 Shift to clean municipal on-road and off-road
vehicles and equipment.

MUN-4 Reduce municipal water use.

MUN-5 Practice sustainable waste management for
municipal operations.

MUN-6
Protect municipal assets and utilize municipal
facilities to protect the community from
climate hazards.

Total emissions reductions from measures 64,051 56,692
Legislative-Adjusted Business-As-Usual Emissions 219,273 104,440 Scoping Plan Target 155,678 45,139
Reductions Needed to Meet Targets 63,595 59,301
Emissions with measures 155,222 47,748
Emissions Gap (456) 2,609
Scoping Plan Target Met? Yes No
Not in Scope to Quantify
Not in Scope to Quantify
Not Quantifiable
Not in Scope to Quantify
Not in Scope to Quantify
Not in Scope to Quantify
Not in Scope to Quantify
Not Quantifiable
Not Quantifiable
Not Quantifiable
Not Quantifiable
Not Quantifiable
Solid Waste Responsible Use of
Resources
Nature-Based Solutions &
Urban Greening (NBS)
Community Capacity &
Resilience (COMM)
Municipal (MUN)
EN-1-Res
Electrify and Decarbonize Buildings
Retrofit existing residential buildings. 2021 2026 2035 2045 Notes Gas Usage (therms) 5,503,090 4,466,671 2,723,229 1,576,451 Gas usage in existing residential buildings built through 2026 (therms) 4,466,671 4,466,671 Assuming implementation date of 2026

EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
Target Electrification Rate [1] 23% 48%
Prorated emissions reduction rate based on number
of years policy will be in effect assuming
implementation date of 2026
Reduced natural gas usage (therms) 1,005,001 2,121,669
Natural gas emissions factor (MTCO2e/therm) 0.00532 0.00532 GHG reductions from existing development natural gas savings (MTCO2e) 5,348 11,291

EMISSIONS INCREASES
Effective therms offset from transitioning natural gas heating use to electrification (therms) 182,935 386,197 Total electricity needed to offset natural gas heating (MWh) 5,360 11,316 Leg-Adjusted Residential Electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 7.73E-02 0.00E+00 Additional GHG emissions from electricity use (MTCO2e) 414 - Calculations for estimating effective efficiency of transition of residential buildings from natural gas infrastructure to electric Assumed average efficiency of natural gas heating (conservative) [2] 80% Assumed average efficiency of electric heating for non-residential buildings[3] 440% MWh per therm conversion 0.0293
Number of therms of electricity needed to produce the same amount of heat as one therm of natural gas. 0.18
Net GHG Reductions (MTCO2e) 4,934 11,291
[1] Assumes that implementation starts in 2026 with a 2.5% achievable rate per year.

Sources:
[1] Mozingo. 2021. Zero-Carbon Buildings in California: A Feasibility Study [2] U.S. DOE 2024. Furnaces and Boilers. Available: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/furnaces-and-boilers [3] EPA 2023. ENERGY STAR Most Efficient 2024. (Air Source Heat Pumps. Assumed a conservative SEER rating of 15. Converted to Coefficient of Performance (COP) by multiplying by 0.293. A COP of 2 = 200% efficiency.)
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/ENERGY%20STAR%20Most%20Efficient%202024%20Final%20Criteria%20Memo%20-%20Revised_12- 2023.pdf#:~:text=URL%3A%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energystar.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fasset%2Fdocument%2FENERGY%2520STAR%2520Most%2520Ef ficient%25202024%2520Final%2520Criteria%2520Memo%2520
SEER to COP conversion from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/seasonal-energy-efficiencyratio#:~:text=SEER%20is%20very%20similar%20to,per%20unit%20of%20work%20energy.) EN-1-Nonres
Electrify and Decarbonize Buildings
Retrofit existing nonresidential buildings. 2022 2026 2035 2045 Notes Natural Gas Usage (therms) 8,215,077 6,976,702 4,671,798 3,426,438 Gas usage in existing nonresidential buildings built through 2026 (therms) 6,976,702 6,976,702 Assuming implementation date of 2026

EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
Target Electrification Rate [1] 21% 46%
Reduced natural gas usage (therms) 1,477,448 3,223,214
Natural gas emissions factor (MTCO2e/therm) 0.00532 0.00532 GHG reductions from existing development natural gas savings (MTCO2e) 7,863 17,153

EMISSIONS INCREASES FROM RETROFIT OF EXISTING NON RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Total therms offset from transitioning natural gas heating use to electrification (therms) 363,680 793,406 Total electricity needed to offset natural gas heating (MWh) 10,656 23,247 Leg-Adjusted Non-Residential Electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 7.58E-02 0.00E+00 Additional GHG emissions from grid electricity use due to retrofits (MTCO2e) 808 -

EMISSIONS INCREASES FROM ADDITIONAL BACKUP GENERATORS USED DUE TO RETROFIT OF EXISTING NON RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Forecasted electricity use in non residential buildings built through 2026 (MWh) 295,561 317,216 365,312 427,064 Existing electricity Use in non-residential buildings built through 2026 (MWh) 317,216 317,216 Assuming implementation date of 2026 Percent increase in electricity consumption due to retrofits after measure (%) 3% 7% Forecasted emissions from non-residential diesel use in back up generators before measure (MTCO2e) 426 446 501 559 Assuming "other" fuel consumption is diesel Emissions from existing non-residential diesel use in back up generators built through 2026 before measure (MTCO2e) 446 446
Additional GHG emissions from diesel use in back up generators after measure (MTCO2e)

15.0 32.7
Assuming the percent increase in the use of diesel in back up generators is equal to the increased electricity consumption Additional GHG emissions from natural gas use in back up generators after measure (MTCO2e)

0.5 2.4
Assuming the percent increase in the use of natural gas in backup generators is equal to the increased electricity consumption
Additional GHG emissions from backup generators after measure (MTCO2e) 15.49 35.09 Net GHG Reductions (MTCO2e) 7,039 17,118
Sources:
[1] Mozingo. 2021. Zero-Carbon Buildings in California: A Feasibility Study Calculations for estimating effective efficiency of transition of non-residential buildings from natural gas infrastructure to electric Assumed average efficiency of natural gas heating (conservative) [2] 80% Assumed average efficiency of electric heating for non-residential buildings[3] 325% MWh per therm conversion 0.0293
Number of therms of electricity needed to produce the same amount of heat as one therm of natural gas. 0.25
Calculate weighted average target electrification rates from Mozingo 2030 2045
Prorate reductions based on number of years policy will be in effect assuming implementation date of 2026 res 18% 72%
nonres 7% 40%
Natural gas usage by building type res 19% 19%
nonres 81% 81%
weighted average electrification 9% 46%
EN-2
Expand clean energy generation and use.

Action EN-2-B
ABAU Electricity Consumption and Emissions 2022 2035 2045 Notes ABAU Electricity Consumption -AVA (MWh) 232,448 289,073 338,998 ABAU Electricity Consumption - PG&E and Direct Access (MWh) [1] 137,955 170,507 199,300 ABAU Electricity Consumption - Total (MWh) 370,403 459,580 538,299 ABAU Electricity Emissions - Ava (MTCO2e) 50,275 21,943 0 ABAU Electricity Emissions - PG&E and Direct Access (MTCO2e) [1] 22,788 12,977 0 ABAU Electricity Emissions - Total (MTCO2e) 73,063 34,920 0 ABAU Electricity GHG Emissions Factor - Ava (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.2163 0.0759 0.0000 ABAU Electricity GHG Emissions Factor - PG&E and Direct Access combined (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.1652 0.0761 0.0000
ABAU Electricity GHG Emissions Factor - Total (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.1973 0.0760 0.0000 ABAU % of load served by Ava 63% 63% 63%
Measure EN-2 Implementation Consumption and Emissions
EN-2 Target % of total load served by AVA - 90% 90%
EN-2 Electricity Consumption - Ava (MWh) 413,622 484,469 Total Electricity consumption
multiplied by target load
served by Ava
EN-2 Electricity Consumption - PG&E and Direct Access (MWh) [1] 45,958 53,830 EN-2 Electricity Consumption - Total (MWh) 459,580 538,299 Ava Percent Green Energy Target under EN-2-B 100% 100%
EN-2 Electricity Emissions - Ava (MTCO2e) 0 0
EN-2 Electricity Emissions - PG&E and Direct Access (MTCO2e) 3,498 0 EN-2 Electricity Emissions - Total (MTCO2e) 3,498 0
GHG reductions from measure EN-2 (MTCO2e) 31,422 -
[1] Difference between Total and Ava electricity consumption values.

In partnership with Ava, develop and implement measures to increase residential and business enrollment in Ava's Renewable 100 service plan, which provides 100 percent renewable electricity through solar and wind sources. Measures to consider may include making the Renewable 100 service plan the default enrollment plan for residents and businesses, or increasing voluntarily enrollment through increased promotion or offering incentives, among other options.

TR-1
Make active transportation the preferred method of getting around, where feasible.

Adopt the City of Newark Active Transportation Plan to serve as an update to the City of Newark Pedestrian & Bicycle Master Plan. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time. 2022 2035 2045 Emissions from on-road transportation (passenger vehicles) 52,987 14,878 Annual VMT from passenger vehicles 318,731,315 351,754,160 370,723,002 CAPCOA T-18 Assumptions (Provide Pedestrian Network Improvement) New Sidewalk target from 2017 City of Newark Pedestrian and Bicycle Master Plan (sidewalk + multiuse paths) [2] 15 15 Existing Sidewalk Miles [2] Max Reduction 193 193
Percent reduction in GHG emissions by providing Pedestrian Network Improvement [1] 6.40% 0.4% 0.4% CAPCOA T-19 Assumptions
Average Daily Traffic (for D) [4] 3,761
Active Transportation Adjustment Factor - Bicycle Mode Share (D) [5] 0.0029 Vehicle mode share (E) [6] 0.8914
Average one-way bike trip length (F) (mi) [6] 2.5
Average one-way vehicle trip length (G) (mi) [6] 12.0
New Bike lane miles by 2027 from 2017 City of Newark Pedestrian and Bicycle Master Plan [3] 45 45 Existing Bike Lane Miles [3] 43
Max Reduction
Percent reduction in GHG emissions from displaced vehicles on roadway with bicycle boulevard [1] 0.60% 0.018% 0.018% Reduction in VMT with TR measures (miles) 1,428,849 1,505,901 Average Light Duty Vehicle Emission Factor after TR-4 (g CO2e/mi) 128 26 GHG Reductions from TR-1 (MTCO2e) 182 38
Notes:

Multiple measures are quantified in this sheet together as these measures are lumped together under the "Neighborhood subsector" in CAPCOA, 2021. CAPCOA, 2021 defines one single number (% reduction) for the whole sector.

Maximum reduction from neighborhood improvements is 10% [1, page 135] Sources:
[1] CAPCOA, 2021. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity-Final Draft.
[2] City has 103 centerline miles of streets. Assume sidewalk miles = 104 x 2 minus approximately 15 miles of sidewalk gaps noted in the 2017 City of Newark Pedestrian and Bicycle Master Plan (Figure 4-2). https://www.newark.org/departments/public-works/maintenance-division [3] 2017 City of Newark Pedestrian and Bicycle Master Plan. Page 14, 118, 130. Table 8-3. https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/1985/636639572874600000 [4] 2022 Daily VMT divided by maintained miles to get approximate Average daily traffic for Newark. https://dot.ca.gov/- /media/dot-media/programs/research-innovation-system-information/documents/hpms2022_prd_final.pdf [5] Assumes an average one-way facility length of 1.02 to 2 miles. [6] Assumes average of "San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward" and "San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara" due to Newark's central location relative to those areas.

TR-2-B and C
Increase the safety, accessibility, and reliability of public transit. 2035 2045
Passenger VMT 351,754,160 370,723,002
CAPCOA T-27 Assumptions (Implement Transit-Supportive Roadway Treatments) Percent of plan/community transit routes that receive treatments (B) 100.0% 100.0% Percent change in transit travel time due to treatments (C) -0.1 Elasticity of transit ridership with respect to transit travel time (D) -0.4 Transit mode share in plan/community (E) [2] 9.0%
Vehicle mode share in plan/community (F) [2] 89.1%
Statewide mode shift factor (G) 57.8%
Percent reduction in citywide passenger VMT from implementing transit-supportive roadway treatments (up to 0.6% VMT reduction) [1] 0.2% 0.2%
Passenger VMT reduction 654,980 690,300
Average Light Duty Vehicle Emission Factor after TR-4 (g CO2e/mi) 128 26 GHG reductions from passenger vehicles (MTCO2e) 84 18
GHG Reductions from TR-2-B and C (MTCO2e) 84 18
Notes:
[2] Assumes average of "San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward" and "San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara" due to Newark's central location relative to those areas. [1] Sources:
[1] CAPCOA, 2021. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity-Final Draft.

TR-2-E
Increase the safety, accessibility, and reliability of public transit. 2035 2045
Passenger VMT 351,754,160 370,723,002
CAPCOA T-25 Assumptions (Extend Transit Network Coverage or Hours) Percent increase in transit service miles or service hours from 2022 ((C-B)/B) 15% 20% Transit mode share in community (D) [2] 9.0%
Elasticity of transit demand (E) 0.7
Statewide mode shift factor (F) 57.8%
Ratio of vehicle trip reduction to VMT (G) 1
Percent reduction in citywide passenger VMT from extended transit coverage or hours (up to

4.6% VMT reduction) [1] 0.5% 0.7%
CAPCOA T-26 Assumptions (Increase Transit Service Frequency) Percent increase in transit frequency (B) 50% 50%
Number of lines out of the 9 serving Newark affected 6 9 Level of implementation (C) 66.7% 100.0%
Elasticity of transit ridership with respect to frequency of service (D) 0.5 Transit mode share in plan/community (E) [2] 9.0%
Vehicle mode share in plan/community (F) [2] 89%
Statewide mode shift factor (G) 57.8%
Percent reduction in citywide passenger VMT from increased transit service frequency (up to

11.3% VMT reduction) [1] 1.0% 1.5%
Total percent reduction 1.5% 2.2%
Passenger VMT reduction 5,363,350 8,140,064
Average Light Duty Vehicle Emission Factor after TR-4 (g CO2e/mi) 128 26 GHG reductions from passenger vehicles (MTCO2e) 685 208 GHG Reductions from TR-2-E (MTCO2e) 685 208
Notes:
[2] Assumes average of "San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward" and "San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara" due to Newark's central location relative to those areas. [1] Sources:
[1] CAPCOA, 2021. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity-Final Draft.

TR-4
Increase Electric Vehicle Use
Transition to zero-emission vehicles. 2022 2035 2045
City of Newark population 47,150 55,167 61,334
Alameda County population 1,613,319 1,884,323 2,184,417 Population ratio (City vs County) 0.1157 0.1457 0.1621
City of Newark VMT - Non Commercial 351,754,160 370,723,002 City of Newark VMT - Commercial 85,757,791 93,864,954
Install EV charging stations for LDVs
EV Forecasts and Targets
EMFAC2021 ACC II Light Duty Pop - Countywide [1] 1,175,772 1,268,623 EMFAC2021 ACC II Light Duty Pop - Newark [6] 171,319 205,634 EMFAC2021 ACC II Light Duty EV/PHEV Pop - Countywide [1] 504,676 1,037,034 EMFAC2021 ACC II Light Duty EV/PHEV Pop - Newark [6] 73,535 168,095 Calculated EMFAC2021 ACC II Light Duty EV/PHEV percentage 43% 82% Targeted EV/PHEV Pop percentage under TR-4 52% 91%
Increased EV/PHEV Pop percentage under TR-4 9% 9%
Targeted EV/PHEV Pop under TR-4 89,086 187,127
Additional EV/PHEV Pop under TR-4 15,551 19,032
EMFAC2021 EV:PHEV Ratio with ACC II adjustments 6.4 8.8 Additional EV Pop under TR-4 13,436 17,084
Additional PHEV Pop under TR-4 2,115 1,948
Average annual RTAC miles per Average Light Duty Vehicle (mi/vehicle) [5] 2,053 1,803
Additional GHG emissions from EVs
Average RTAC annual miles per EV (mi/vehicle) [6] 2,276 1,778 New EV VMT under measure 30,577,524 30,383,359
Average Efficiency of EV LDV (kWh/100-mi) [2] 35.66 36.40 Charged amount (kWh) 10,902,771 11,060,306
Charged amount (MWh) 10,903 11,060
Leg-Adjusted Electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) [7] 0.077263 0.000000 Additional GHG emissions from EVs (MTCO2e) 842 -
Additional GHG emissions from PHEVs
Average RTAC annual miles per PHEV (mi/vehicle) [6] 2,452 1,926 New PHEV VMT under measure 5,186,428 3,751,287
Average fossil fuel emissions factor from PHEV (gCO2e/mi) [1] 120 120 Additional PHEV emissions under measure from fossil fuels (MTCO2e) 624 449 Share of eVMT from total PHEV VMT (%) 59% 59%
New PHEV eVMT under measure 3,041,536 2,223,612
Average Efficiency of EV LDV (kWh/100-mi) [2] 18.29 33.87 Charged amount (kWh) 556,300 753,088
Charged amount (MWh) 556 753
Leg-Adjusted Electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 7.73E-02 0.00E+00 Additional PHEV emissions under measure from electricity only 43 - Emissions avoided from Equivalent Gasoline/Diesel Vehicles Average emissions factor from LD Gasoline/Diesel mix (gCO2e/mi) [1] 295 295 Average RTAC annual miles per Gasoline/Diesel vehicle (mi/vehicle) [6] 1,533 815 Reduced Gasoline/Diesel VMT [4] (mi) 28,894,671 22,785,633 Reduced Gasoline/Diesel emissions under TR-4 (MTCO2e) 8,529 6,717 Total Emission Reductions from Increased LDV EV/PHEV Mix (MTCO2e) 7,020 6,268 New Average Light-Duty EF after TR-4
Leg-Adjusted Light Duty Emissions (MTCO2e) 51,927 15,736 Leg-Adjusted Light Duty Emissions under TR-4 (MTCO2e) 44,907 9,468 Total Light Duty VMT 351,754,160 370,723,002
New Average Light-Duty EF after TR-4 (g CO2e/mi) 128 26 Install EV charging stations for Medium and Heavy-duty vehicles 2022 2035 2045
LD Population Newark 171,319 205,634
Commercial:Non-Commercial population ratio [9] 0.21 0.26 Med/Heavy Duty Pop - Newark 35,367 53,622
Med/Heavy Duty RTAC VMT - Newark 85,757,791 93,864,954
EMFAC2021 ACF Med/Heavy-Duty Pop - Alameda [6] 83,774 96,047 EMFAC2021 ACF Med/Heavy-Duty EV/PHEV Pop - Alameda [6] 22,252 60,047 Calculated EMFAC2021 ACF M/HD EV/PHEV percentage 27% 63% Targeted M/HD EV Pop percentage under TR-4 30% 75%
Increased M/HD EV Pop percentage under TR-4 3% 12%
Targeted M/HD EV Pop under TR-4 10,610 40,216
Additional M/HD EV Pop under TR-4 1,216 6,693
Average annual RTAC miles per Average Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicle (mi/vehicle) [5] 2,425 1,751
Additional GHG emissions from Evs (Medium and Heavy Duty) Average annual RTAC miles per EV (mi/vehicle) 3,244 1,968 New eVMT under measure 3,943,599 13,172,916
Average Efficiency of EV medium/heavy duty (kWh/100-mi) [1] 112 110 Charged amount (kWh) 4,415,970 14,482,603
Charged amount (MWh) 4,416 14,483
Leg-Adjusted Non-Residential Electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 7.58E-02 0.00E+00
Additional GHG emissions from EVs (MTCO2e) 335 -
Emissions from Equivalent Gasoline/Diesel Vehicles (Medium and Heavy Duty) Average emissions factor from M/HD Gasoline/Diesel mix (gCO2e/mi) [1] 1,228 1,257 Average annual miles per Gasoline/Diesel (mi/vehicle) 2,129 1,387 Reduced Gasoline/Diesel VMT (mi) 2,587,882 9,285,105
Reduced Gasoline/Diesel emissions under TR-4 (MTCO2e) 3,177 11,668 Net GHG emissions avoided from increased MHDV EV chargers 2,842 11,668 Net GHG emissions avoided from implementation of TR-4 (MTCO2e) 9,862 17,936 Notes and Sources:
[1] EMFAC 2021 results for Alameda County adjusted for ACC II ZEV [2] https://www.driveclean.ca.gov/pev/Charging.php
[3] EMFAC 2021. Statewide EV population. (EMFAC 2021 does not [4]
[5] Divides total RTAC light duty VMT by EMFAC vehicle population for Newark. [6] Vehicle population scaled by city:county's human population ratio [8] Divides total RTAC medium/heavy duty VMT by EMFAC vehicle population for Newark. [9] Same scaling approach used in the inventory
[7] Assumes that charging occurs mostly from Ava and PGE providers and not from Direct Access sources, equivalent to average residential electricity emission factor forecasts.

Calculating ratio between RTAC miles vs EMFAC miles per vehicle EMFAC Average Annual Miles per LD Vehicle by Fuel Type [1] 2035 2045 Average light duty vehicle 12,780 12,618
EV 14,165 12,447
PHEV 15,265 13,480
Gasoline/Diesel 9,542 5,701
2035 2045
Ratio of "Miles per Vehicle by Fuel Type" to "Miles per Average Light Duty Vehicle"
EV 111% 99%
PHEV 119% 107%
Gasoline/Diesel 75% 45%
EMFAC Average Annual Miles per HD Vehicle by Fuel Type [1] 2035 2045 Average Medium/Heavy-Duty vehicle 18,479 18,975
EV 24,720 21,335
Gasoline/Diesel 16,222 15,038
2035 2045
Ratio of "Miles per Vehicle by Fuel Type" to "Miles per Average Light Duty Vehicle"
EV 134% 112%
Gasoline/Diesel 88% 79%
TR-5-B
Prioritize sustainable land use by increasing residential density, supporting a diversity of land uses, and implementing transportation demand management strategies.
2022 2026 2035 2045
Annual VMT from passenger vehicles 351,754,160 370,723,002 Workforce population in Newark (Number of Jobs) 24,600 29,403 33,097 Percent of employees in Alameda County that work for Businesses with more than 50 employees. [3] 24% Number of Employees in Businesses with Greater than 50 employees 5,954 6,311 7,116 8,010 New Employees as of 2026 805 1,699
CAPCOA T-6 Assumptions (Implement Commute Trip Reduction Marketing (Mandatory Implementation) [1] Percent of Employees Eligible for Program 50% 50%
Percent Reduction in Employee Commute Trips [1] 26% 26% Adjustment from vehicle trips to VMT (unitless) 1 1
Percent Reduction in Commute VMT 13% 13%
Average one-way Commute Length (mi) 20
Work days per year 250
Average Car Commute Miles per Year Per Job (mi/job/year) 10,000 2035 2045
Commute Miles per Year in Newark 71,160,415 80,101,364
Reduced Commute Miles under ON-11 9,250,854 10,413,177
Reduction in VMT with TR measures (miles) 9,250,854 10,413,177 Average Light Duty Vehicle Emission Factor after TR-4 (g CO2e/mi) 128 26 GHG Reductions from TR-5-B (MTCO2e) 1,181 266
[4] https://vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/indicators/commute-time#section-pLS6OCp1UQ9CjaT-4gQN8 Sources:
[1] CAPCOA, 2021. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity-Final Draft. [2] https://nvta.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/NapaValley_TBS_Document_final-May-2020.pdf [3] EDD 2024. Table 4: Number of Businesses, Number of Employees, and Third Quarter Payroll by Size Category (Private Industry). 3rd Quarter 2023. https://labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/LMID/Size_of_Business_Data.html TR-5-E
2022 2026 2030 2045
Annual VMT from passenger VMT [1] 318,731,315 335,242,738 351,754,160 370,723,002 Annual VMT from new passenger VMT as of 2026 16,511,422 35,480,264 SB375 revision to General Plan assumed to impact overall density of new residential land uses and jobs.

CAPCOA T-1 Assumptions (Increase Residential Density) - Only applies to planned development areas not included in the VMT forecast [6][8] Newark Specific Plans not accounted for in MTC's VMT forecast for Newark. (For the purposes of calculating new residential density only) Planned DU per acre Total New Units NewPark Place Specific Plan [4] 110 1,800
Old Town Newark Specific Plan [5] 22 400
Weighted average 94
2022 2030 2045
BAU Forecasted Density in All Development (Dwelling Units per Acre) [3] 8.8 10.5 11.0 New Assumed Density in New Development under TR-5-E (Dwelling Units per Acre) [2] 94 94 Elasticity of VMT with respect to residential density [8] -0.22 -0.22 -0.22 Calculated Percent reduction in VMT from new residences (max 30%) [8] 30% 30% New passenger VMT 16,511,422 35,480,264
Forecasted Dwelling Units 15,811 18,884 19,727
New Dwelling Units 3,073 3,916
Annual VMT per DU (Approx) 5,373 9,059
Annual VMT savings per DU (calculated) 1,612 2,718
Annual VMT saved from higher-density development (Max = total new annual passenger VMT) 4,953,427 10,644,079 Average Light Duty Vehicle Emission Factor after TR-4 (g CO2e/mi) 128 26 GHG Reductions from CAPCOA T-1 (Increase Residential Density) 632 272 GHG Reductions from TR-5-E (MTCO2e) 632 272
In accordance with SB 743, amend Newark’s General Plan such that transportation is evaluated based on vehicle-miles travelled (VMT) instead of level-of-service (LOS) and that all references to LOS are removed.
[1] 2026 is interpolated
[2] For modeling purposes only
[3] Based on Table LU-1 from the Newark California General Plan (2013). See calculations in the Demographics tab. [4] Average of minimum and maximum densities allowed as indicated in the NewPark Place Specific Plan. (https://www.newarkca.gov/home/showdocument?id=9664&t=638271009346428569) Sources:
[8] CAPCOA, 2021. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity-Final Draft. [5] Average of minimum and maximum densities allowed for "Residential Medium Density" (14-30 units per acre) as indicated in the Old Town Newark Specific Plan and the 2013 General Plan (Chapter

17.07)
[6] Note that MTC forecasts that inform the VMT forecasts are assumed to account for the Bayside Newark specific plan (formerly known as the Dumbarton Transit Oriented Development Project) and the Area 3 and Area 4 Specific Plan. The Dumbarton TOD project is included in MTC's Digital Library as of May 2025, and the Area 3/4 Specific Plan was completed in 2008 and is already being developed. [7] CalEEMod Version 2022.1
TR-6-A
Reduce emissions associated with off-road transportation and equipment.

Require all discretionary development projects starting in 2027 and later to use renewable diesel in diesel-powered construction equipment.
2022 2030 2035 2045
Construction Emissions in City of Newark (MTCO2e) 1,484 1,418 1,406 1,366 Percent of Construction Equipment using ZEV technology 0% 75% 80% 100% Emissions Reduced Construction Equipment (MTCO2e) 1,064 1,125 1,366 Reduced GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) 1,064 1,125 1,366
TR-6-C
Reduce emissions associated with off-road transportation and equipment.

Prohibit the use of fossil fuel-powered generators at construction sites in all discretionary projects. 2022 2027 2035 2045 Forecasted Newark Portable Equipment Emissions (MTCO2e) 2,031 2,281 2,714 3,371 Compressors and Generators for Construction
Percentage of countywide portable equipment fuel consumption from generators and compressors 80.0% Emissions associated with compressors and generators (MT CO2e) 1,624 1,824 2,170 2,696 Estimated proportion of equipment used in construction [1] [2] 25% 25% 25% Reduction in Portable Equipment Emissions (MTCO2e) 456 543 674 GHG reductions from zero-emission landscaping equipment (MTCO2e) 543 674 Reduced GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) 543 674
Notes and Sources:
[1] U.S. Portable Generators Market Size - By Product (Conventional Portable, Inverter Portable), By Fuel & Power Rating, By Phase, By End-Use (Residential, Commercial, Construction), By Country Outlook & Forecast, 2024 – 2032. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/us-portable-generators-market [2] Calculation assumes projects in Newark that start before 2027 would be complete by 2030 and, thus, all construction activity in 2030 is assumed to have started after 2027.

Additional emissions from electricity use assumed negligible due to electric replacements for generators not having motors TR-6-C
Reduce emissions associated with off-road transportation and equipment.

Develop strategies to encourage business owners (e.g., landscaping businesses) to convert or replace their fossil fuel-powered equipment, such as lawn mowers, leaf blowers, and hedge trimmers, with electric or other zero-emission alternative equipment. 2021 2035 2045
Forecasted Landscaping Equipment Emissions (MTCO2e) 1,290 152 0 Existing Landscaping Equipment
Average Landscaping Equipment Lifespan (years) 10
Landscaping equipment emissions from existing equipment (MTCO2e) [1] 1,290 - - Target electrification rate for existing landscaping equipment [2] 0% 0% Reduction in landscaping equipment emissions from existing equipment (MTCO2e) - - New Landscaping Equipment
Forecasted New Landscaping equipment emissions (MTCO2e) 152 0 Target electrification rate under SORE AB 1346 [3]
Reduction in landscaping equipment emissions from SORE regulations (MTCO2e) - - GHG reductions from zero-emission landscaping equipment (MTCO2e) - - Additional emissions from electricity use
Gasoline Emission Factors (MTCO2e per gal) 0.00810 0.00810 Reduced Gasoline usage due to transition (gal) - -
kWh per gal conversion [4] 0.03
Electricity required to charge transitioned construction equipment (kwh) - - Charged amount (MWh) - -
Leg-Adjusted Electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh)(SMUD) 0.09367 0.00000 Additional GHG emissions from zero-emission construction equipment (MTCO2e) - - Reduced GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) - -
Sources:
[1] Based on the assumption that 10% of existing equipment would be aged out per year. [2] Landscaping equipment are only assumed to last 12-15 years. It is assumed that by 2035 all existing landscaping equipment as of 2021 will have been turned over to electric models under AB 1346.
[3] Calculated from CARB's SORE 2020 Model assuming all small offroad lawn equipment are zero emissions starting in Model Year 2024.
[4] Convertunits.com
[5] https://www.nrdc.org/bio/madhur-boloor/electric-vehiclebasics#:~:text=Electric%20motors%20convert%20over%2085,for%20a%20gas%20combu stion%20engine.

Calculations for estimating effective efficiency of transition of landscaping equipment from gasoline to electric Assumed average efficiency of gasoline engines (conservative) [5] 40% Assumed average efficiency of electric motors [5] 85%
Number of kBTU of electricity needed to produce the same amount of work as one kBTU of gasoline in a motor 0.47
RES-2-A
Promote responsible organic and inorganic waste management and reduction practices.

Continue to ensure compliance with SB 1383 by diverting organic waste away from landfills.

In coordination with Republic Services, ensure all customers are subscribed to the appropriate level of service and that audits are completed and enforced on the appropriate schedule. 2022 2035 2045
Solid waste emissions (MTCO2e) 13,721 15,321
Statewide Disposal Rate [1] 41%
Statewide Disposal Rate per Day (pounds per person per day) [1] 6.4 Newark Disposal Rate per Day (pounds per person per day) [2] 4.6 Newark Waste Diversion Targets [3] 58% 75% 75%
Increased waste diversion 17% 17%
Emissions from solid waste after RES-2-A (MTCO2e) 8,089 9,032 Reduced GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) 5,632 6,289
Notes:
[4] 2000 CalRecycle. Solid Waste Generation, Disposal, and Diversion Measurement Guide for State Agencies and Large State Facilities. (https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Download/342?opt=dln#:~:text=The%20total%20quantity%20of%20solid,%2C%20recycling%2C%20 and%20composting%20programs.)
From CalRecycle 2021: CalRecycle estimates that California’s overall waste generation in 2021 was about 76.7 million tons. Of that total waste generation, 46 million tons went to disposal and disposal-related activities, including about 41.5 million tons sent to landfill.

Disposal = All solid waste disposed into landfill, incinerated, or other means [4] Diversion = Generated - Disposed = Waste that is diverted from the waste stream through existing source reduction, recycling, and composting prog Sources:
[1] State of Disposal and Recycling for Calendar Year 2022. CalRecycle 2023. Available: https://calrecycle.ca.gov/reports/stateof/ [2] CalRecycle Jurisdiction Diversion/Disposal Rate Summary (2007 - Current) - Newark. Available: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/DiversionProgram/JurisdictionDiversionPost2006 [3] 2022 values calculated by scaling the Newark rate by the disposal rates between Statewide and Newark in 2022.

RES-3
Prioritize water-wise practices and technologies that minimize consumption across the city. 2020 2035 2045
All Water Use (AF/year) 1,268 1,416
All Water-related Fuel Use (kWh) 21,534 24,045
Total Potable Water-related Fuel Use (kWh) [1] 21,534 24,045 Annual potable water consumption (AF/year) 1,268 1,416
Rate of Fuel Use (kWh/AF/year) 17 17
Water consumption reduction target 10% 20%
Reduced water related consumption (AF/year) 127 283
Reduced Fuel Use (kWh) 2,153 4,809
kWh / MWH factor 1,000 1,000
Reduced Fuel Use (MWh) 2 5
Leg-Adjusted Average electricity emissions factor for imported water usage (MTCO2e/MWh) 6.06E-02 0.00E+00 Reduced GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) 0 -
Notes:
[1] ACWD does not use recycled water. All water is assumed to be potable.

Sources:
[2] Alameda County Water District. "Service Area Water Demands with Water Use Efficiency Accounted For" (https://www.acwd.org/DocumentCenter/View/3818/Final-2015-2020-UWMP-Addendum-Reduced-Delta-Reliance-Reporting). Page J-6 NBS-1
Expand the Urban Tree Canopy
2035 2045
Bay Area Green Print Priority Landscapes for Tree Planting (acres) [1] 581 Sequestration rate (MTCO2e/tree canopy acre/year) [2] 4.2 Percent of Total Priority Landscape Converted to Tree Canopy 30% 50% Total canopy acreage [3] 174 291
Reduced GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) 729 1,216
Notes:

Sources:
[1] Bay Area Greenprint 2020. https://www.bayareagreenprint.org/ [2] i-Tree Planting tool: OurTrees Scorecard. https://ourtrees.itreetools.org/#/report?longitude=-122.0383968&latitude=37.5 [3] Does not correlate to number of trees planted, but rather total tree canopy coverage. Implementation could involve planting many trees in the first few years of implementation and the increase the in percent of tree canopy cover would be

APPENDIX B
Climate Action Strategies
Strategy # Strategy Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s) Total Score Improved Public Health
Community
Cost Savings
Environmental
Quality
Economic
Development Equity Resilience Resource Conservation
Total CoBenefits ScoreGHG Reduction
Potential
Technological
Feasibility
Current
Policies City Role Implementation Timeframe
Prioritization
Criteria Score
EN-1-A
Develop a comprehensive building energy retrofit plan to transition existing residential and nonresidential buildings to all-electric. The plan should address end-of-life recycling and disposal of gas appliances, and additionally, should include policies that provide incentives to replace gaspowered appliances with electric alternatives (e.g., heat pumps, electric water heaters, induction stoves) and that cover the costs of electrical panel upgrades and other necessary infrastructure improvements. The plan could be informed by BayREN's forthcoming Existing Buildings Study.

PW/BI,
PW/ENV „   BayREN 16 Maybe Yes Yes Yes Maybe Yes Yes 6 High Maybe Maybe Actor 10 EN-1-B
Promote existing websites and incentive resources from BayREN, Ava, PG&E, and The Switch Is On that provide information on building electrification, such as replacing natural gas stoves with allelectric induction range cooktops, among other opportunities.

PW/ENV BayREN, Ava,
PG&E 15 Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe No Maybe 3 High Yes Yes Influencer 12 EN-2-A Streamline the permitting of nonresidential solar photovoltaics or other renewable energy and battery storage projects. PW/BI N/A 15.5 Maybe Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe No Maybe 3.5 High Yes Maybe Actor 12 EN-2-B
Support Ava's commitment to achieve 100 percent green energy by 2030, which may include developing and implementing measures to increase residential and business enrollment in Ava's Renewable 100 service plan.

PW/ENV Ava 13.5 Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe No Yes 3.5 High Maybe Yes Influencer 10 EN-3-A
Establish a program that connects owners and occupants of residential and nonresidential buildings to existing energy audit and weatherization programs and resources (e.g., California’s Low-Income Weatherization Program, BayREN's Home Energy Advisors), and additionally, helps to determine eligibility. Where existing programs and resources do not exist or are insufficient to meet local demand, consider partnering with CBOs and other local and regional organizations to support and expand access to such programs and resources.

PW/ENV BayREN, Rising
Sun, CBOs 8.5 Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe 3.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 EN-3-B
Partner with BayREN to promote their financing and rebate opportunities for residential and business energy efficiency upgrades (e.g., insulation, air sealing, heating and cooling systems, duct replacements). Through the partnership, develop new pathways to expand eligibility and to potentially bundle various energy efficiency upgrades to deliver more savings.

PW/ENV BayREN 7.5 Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe 3.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 EN-3-C
Increase public awareness of reducing plug loads in homes and businesses, which should include educational materials on efficient appliance usage, smart power strips, and standby power.

Partner with local schools (e.g., NUSD), libraries, and community groups to host workshops and distribute materials.

PW/ENV NUSD, CBOs 5.5 No Maybe No No Maybe No Maybe 1.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 EN-3-D
Connect commercial building owners with Ava's Building Efficiency Accelerator program, which offers free site assessments to identify energy savings opportunities, 12 months of free technical and implementation support, and additional program benefits and incentives.

PW/ENV,
CD/ED Ava 5.5 No Maybe No No Maybe No Maybe 1.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 Prioritization Criteria
Electrify and decarbonize the
city's building stock. EN-1
Energy Transition & Efficiency (EN)
Promote energy efficiency and
reduce energy consumption. EN-3
Expand clean energy
generation and use. EN-2
Co-Benefits
Strategy # Strategy Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s) Total Score Improved Public Health
Community
Cost Savings
Environmental
Quality
Economic
Development Equity Resilience Resource Conservation
Total CoBenefits ScoreGHG Reduction
Potential
Technological
Feasibility
Current
Policies City Role Implementation Timeframe
Prioritization
Criteria Score
TR-1
Make active transportation the
preferred method of getting
around, where feasible.

TR-1-A
Adopt the City of Newark Active Transportation Plan to serve as an update to the City of Newark Pedestrian & Bicycle Master Plan . Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.

PW/CIP,
PW/ENV N/A 13.5 Maybe Maybe Yes Yes Maybe Yes Yes 5.5 Low Yes Maybe Actor 8 TR-2-A
Partner with AC Transit and MTC to connect low-income residents with the Clipper START pilot program, which provides single-ride discounts to riders between the ages of 19 and 64 who meet eligible income levels.

CMO AC Transit,
MTC 11 No Yes No Maybe Yes No Maybe 3 Low Yes Yes Influencer 8 TR-2-B
Develop and adopt a transit-supportive complete streets policy that prioritizes transit operations alongside other modes of transportation. The policy will ensure that all future street design and reconstruction projects consider transit needs, including dedicated bus lanes, queue jumps, and transit signal priority systems, and implementation of the policy will involve updating design standards, revising the development review process, training City staff, and ongoing collaboration with AC Transit to continually assess and update bus routes, as needed.

PW/ENG AC Transit,
Alameda CTC 12 Maybe Maybe No Yes Yes Maybe Maybe 4 Low Yes Maybe Actor 8 TR-2-C
Improve safe pedestrian access to transit facilities across the city, in accordance with the City of Newark Local Roadway Safety Plan , and in collaboration with ACWD, AC Transit, and NUSD.

Improvements may be addressed through neighborhood slow zones, curbside management strategies, floating transit islands, protected bike lanes, crosswalk and sidewalk improvements (e.g., mid-block crossings, shortened pedestrian crossings, protected intersections), adding lighting to improve nighttime safety and wayfinding, adding wayfinding signage, and co-locating bus stops with pedestrian crossings, among others.

PW/ENG AC Transit,
NUSD 13.5 Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe Yes No Maybe 3.5 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 TR-2-D
Continue partnering with the City of Fremont to provide paratransit services for seniors and people with disabilities through the "Ride on Tri-City!" program, with ongoing coordination on potential revisions or improvements to the program.

CMO, RCS Fremont 12 No Yes No Maybe Yes No Maybe 3 Low Yes Yes Regulator 9 TR-2-E
Increase transit frequency and network coverage of bus lines serving Newark. Conduct a city-wide transit study to understand the travel patterns of residents, visitors, and commuters to prioritize underserved areas.

PW/ENG AC Transit 9 No Maybe No Yes Yes No Maybe 3 Low Yes Maybe Influencer 6 TR-2-F
Improve bus stops in Newark. This includes ensuring stops have barrier-free accessibility, adequate seating, durable and visually attractive shelters, lighting, posted schedules, real-time arrival information, incorporating audio and visual features for those with impairments, and parking enforcement.

PW/ENG AC Transit,
MTC 9.5 No Maybe No No Yes No No 1.5 Low Yes Yes Influencer 8 TR-3-A
Partner with NUSD, Ohlone College (Newark Campus), local employers, and other institutions to develop and implement a suite of strategies promoting shared mobility options for students and employees, which may include providing educational resources and promotional materials, encouraging employers to provide pre-tax transportation allowances that can be used for shared mobility services, and offering discounts through negotiated bulk purchasing or subsidies.

CMO, CD/ED,
PW/ENG
NUSD, Ohlone
College, CBOs 8 No Yes No Yes Maybe No Maybe 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 TR-3-B
Establish partnerships with private micromobility companies (e.g., Spin, Bird, Lime, CycleHop) to create shared scooter and e-bike services within the city, which should emphasize equitable access (e.g., offering discounted rates for low-income residents) and enforce improper parking of scooters and e-bikes that block the path of other mobility options.

CMO, CD/P,
CD/ED,
PW/ENG
Micromobility
Companies 7 No Yes No Maybe Yes No Maybe 3 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 TR-3-C
Collaborate with the Cities of Union City and Fremont to implement a cross-jurisdictional community ZEV car share pilot program to benefit disadvantaged communities, which will place ZEVs at affordable housing communities in the tri-city area where residents can reserve the vehicles at a low cost to run errands, get to appointments, and take local trips.

PW/ENV Union City,
Fremont 6 No Yes No Maybe Yes No Maybe 3 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Regulator 3 TR-4-A
Consider adopting a reach code for EV charging to meet CALGreen voluntary standards for new residential and commercial development to install conduits for EV charging equipment. Ensure minimum EV charging requirements reflect updated projections and metrics for EV charging usage and continue to increase the number of charging stations in residential and nonresidential development throughout the city.

PW/BI N/A 14.5 No No Maybe Yes Maybe No Maybe 2.5 High Yes Maybe Actor 12 TR-4-B
Conduct a citywide study to identify optimal locations for public EV charging stations based on traffic patterns, proximity to major destinations, and existing electrical infrastructure. Utilize the study to prioritize investments in and seek grant funding (e.g., Bay Area Air District's "Charge!" Program) for expanding public EV charging infrastructure in targeted areas, particularly in gas stations and new and existing multifamily residential and commercial development.

PW/ENG,
PW/ENV
Bay Area Air
District 17 No Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe No Maybe 3 High Yes Yes Actor 14 TR-4-C
Establish a public-private partnership program to accelerate and jointly fund the deployment and maintenance of a comprehensive EV charging infrastructure network throughout the city. As part of the program, the City will actively engage with private sector stakeholders (e.g., large employers, retail centers, hospitality businesses) to identify potential partnership opportunities, determine optimal EV charging station locations, and explore innovative funding mechanisms (e.g., charging station sponsorships, advertising revenue models).

PW/ENV,
CD/ED
Private Sector
Stakeholders 14.5 No Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe Maybe Maybe 3.5 High Yes Maybe Regulator 11 TR-4-D Develop a permit checklist to install EVSE within the public right-of-way by 2029, pursuant to AB 2427 (2024). PW/ENG N/A 13.5 No No Maybe Maybe No No Maybe 1.5 High Yes Maybe Actor 12 TR-5-A
Recognizing the nexus between climate and housing, continue to implement the climate-friendly policies and programs identified in the Housing Element, such as those that promote higherdensity and mixed-use development and encourage the construction of ADUs.CD/P&H N/A 15 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maybe Maybe 5 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 TR-5-B Implement Safety Element Action SAF-1.C, which calls for updating the zoning ordinance to include transportation demand management standards for development projects. CD/P&H N/A 13.5 No Maybe Yes Yes Maybe No Maybe 3.5 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 TR-5-C
Remove parking minimums for new development within half a mile of major transit stops and highquality public transit corridors and consider establishing parking maximums in new development, aligning with other parking reform programs, such as Housing Element Program H3.5.

CD/P&H N/A 11 No Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe No Maybe 3 Low Yes Maybe Actor 8 TR-5-D
Update parking standards and regulations to ensure that parking: (1) is efficiently designed and addresses the desire to encourage walking, bicycling, the use of alternative fuel vehicles, and public transit use; (2) aligns with AB 2097; and (3) considers changing business patterns, technology, consumer behavior, demographics, and changes in vehicle design and technology.

CD/P&H N/A 11 No Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe No Maybe 3 Low Yes Maybe Actor 8 TR-5-E In accordance with SB 743, amend Newark’s General Plan such that transportation is evaluated based on VMT instead of LOS and that all references to LOS are removed. CD/P&H N/A 11 No No Yes No No No No 1 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 TR-6-A Require all discretionary development projects starting in 2027 and later to use renewable diesel in diesel-powered construction equipment. CD/P&H Bay Area Air District 8 No No Yes Maybe No No Maybe 2 Low Maybe Maybe Actor 6 TR-6-B
Prohibit the use of fossil fuel-powered generators at construction sites in all discretionary projects starting in 2027. Coordinate with PG&E to ensure temporary construction power connections to minimize potential project delays.

CD/P&H Bay Area Air
District 9.5 Yes No Yes Maybe No No Yes 3.5 Low Maybe Maybe Actor 6 TR-6-C
Develop strategies to encourage business owners (e.g., landscaping businesses) to convert or replace their fossil fuel-powered equipment, such as lawn mowers, leaf blowers, and hedge trimmers, with electric or other alternative zero-emission equipment.

PW/ENV,
CD/ED
Bay Area Air
District 10.5 Yes No Maybe No Maybe No Maybe 2.5 Low Yes Yes Influencer 8 Reduce emissions associated
with off-road transportation
and equipment.

TR-6
Where and when passenger
and commercial vehicle use is
necessary, accelerate the
widespread adoption of zeroemission vehicles.

TR-4
TR-5
Prioritize sustainable land use
by increasing residential
density, supporting a diversity
of land uses, and
implementing transportation
demand management
strategies.

Co-Benefits Prioritization Criteria
Expand and encourage
shared mobility options. TR-3
Sustainable On- and Off-Road Transportation & Land Use (TR) Increase the safety,
accessibility, and reliability of
public transit.

TR-2
Strategy # Strategy Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s) Total Score Improved Public Health
Community
Cost Savings
Environmental
Quality
Economic
Development Equity Resilience Resource
Conservation
Total CoBenefits ScoreGHG Reduction
Potential
Technological
Feasibility
Current
Policies City Role Implementation
Timeframe
Prioritization
Criteria Score
RES-1-A
Promote StopWaste's Repair Workshop Calendar, which serves as a repository for scheduled repair events for broken or damaged household items (e.g., clothes, smartphones) where attendees are empowered to learn valuable repair skills. Partner with StopWaste, local and regional repair shops, makerspaces, and other organizations to explore offering additional repair events.

PW/ENV StopWaste 8 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes 4 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 RES-1-B
Building upon the Sustainable Foodware Ordinance, partner with local food service establishments (e.g., restaurants, delis, food trucks, grocery stores) to provide incentives, such as discounts or loyalty rewards, for customers who bring in and use their own reusable containers.

PW/ENV,
CD/ED
Local Food
Service
Establishments
8 No Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe No Yes 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 RES-1-C
Work with StopWaste to develop and implement strategies (e.g., increased awareness, incentives) that further promote the use of their "RE:Source" guide for the reuse, repair, recycling, and safe disposal of a broad range of items.

PW/ENV StopWaste 8 No Maybe Maybe No Yes No Yes 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 RES-1-D
Identify opportunities for circular economy demonstration projects or public art opportunities that use recycled materials to highlight the advantages and provide visibility of circular practices and technologies. Collaborate with local businesses, organizations, artists, and institutions to develop and execute these projects, and share the outcomes and insights gained with the broader community to foster learning and awareness.

PW/ENV CBOs 8 No No Yes Maybe Maybe No Yes 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 RES-2-A
Continue to ensure compliance with SB 1383 by diverting organic waste away from landfills. In coordination with Republic Services, ensure all customers are subscribed to the appropriate level of service and that audits are completed and enforced on the appropriate schedule.

PW/ENV Republic
Services 13 No No Yes No No No Yes 2 Medium Yes Yes Regulator 11 RES-2-B Launch an annual neighborhood cleanup and waste reduction challenge to engage residents in community beautification and waste reduction efforts.

PW/ENV,
CD/CP N/A 15 No No Yes Maybe Maybe No Yes 3 Medium Yes Yes Actor 12 RES-2-C
In alignment with state goals, adopt a zero-waste policy for events requiring City permits that establish guidelines for event organizers, including requirements for compostable or reusable service ware, proper waste sorting stations, and minimizing physical promotional materials. As part of the policy, seek and train volunteers to serve as "zero-waste ambassadors" to assist with waste sorting and education at events.

PW/ENV N/A 12 No No Yes No No No Yes 2 Medium Yes Maybe Actor 10 RES-3-A
Adopt a water neutrality ordinance that requires new development—or other changes within the service area that will require a new water service or will increase water demand above the existing demand level—to offset the projected water demand with water efficiency, conservation, and retrofit measures to create a net neutral impact on overall water demand.

CD/P&H,
PW/ENG ACWD 9 No Maybe Maybe No No Yes Yes 3 Low Maybe Maybe Actor 6 RES-3-B
Work with local and regional partners to promote and expand existing programs and initiatives that promote residential water conservation, such as BAWSCA's Rain Barrel Rebate Program, and ACWD's free water conservation kits and free leak kits, among others. With these partners, track and develop strategies to increase the number of residents who take advantage of the existing programs and initiatives.

PW/ENV, CMO ACWD,
BAWSCA 11 No Maybe Maybe No Maybe Maybe Yes 3 Low Yes Yes Influencer 8 RES-3-C In collaboration with ACWD, explore the development of water use efficiency program opportunities and implement, where feasible.

CD/P&H,
PW/ENV ACWD 12 No Maybe Maybe No Maybe Maybe Yes 3 Low Yes Yes Regulator 9 RES-3-D
Support and coordinate with ACWD to expand potable water reuse options across the city, which may include assisting with the assessment of regulatory, technical, and financial considerations for implementing these options.

PW/ENG,
PW/ENV ACWD 8.5 No Maybe Yes No No Yes Yes 3.5 Low Maybe Maybe Regulator 5 Prioritization Criteria
Prioritize water-wise practices
and technologies that
minimize consumption across
the city.

RES-3
Expand the practice of
circular economy principles
that promote the reuse,
repair, and recycling of goods
and materials.

RES-1
Responsible Use of Resources (RES)
RES-2
Promote responsible organic
and inorganic waste
management and reduction
practices.

Co-Benefits
Strategy # Strategy Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s) Total Score Improved Public Health
Community
Cost Savings
Environmental
Quality
Economic
Development Equity Resilience Resource
Conservation
Total CoBenefits ScoreGHG Reduction
Potential
Technological
Feasibility
Current
Policies City Role Implementation
Timeframe
Prioritization
Criteria Score
NBS-1-A
Prepare and adopt an urban forest master plan that will inform and influence the vegetation, habitats and trees in projects, development, and ordinances for maximum environmental sustainability, climate resiliency, biodiversity and health benefits. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.

RCS, PW/ENV,
CD/P&H N/A 16 Yes Yes Yes Maybe Maybe Yes Yes 6 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 NBS-1-B
Develop a free residential street tree program that builds upon the initial pilot program. As part of the program: (1) develop a recommended street tree list; (2) establish formal eligibility criteria and implementation processes; (3) partner with local nurseries and tree suppliers; and (4) provide educational resources to participants on proper tree planting and maintenance.

RCS, PW/ENV UFF 16.5 Yes Yes Yes Maybe Yes Yes Yes 6.5 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 NBS-1-C
Foster a sense of community ownership, engagement, and stewardship of the city's urban forest by developing and implementing a tree adoption program, where residents and local businesses can sponsor and be recognized (e.g., through the City's website and social media platforms) for the planting and maintenance of trees in public spaces. Offer a variety of sponsorship levels and options (e.g., group of trees, entire planting area), where sponsorship fees can cover both: (1) the costs of purchasing, planting, and maintaining the trees for a specified period (e.g., 3-5 years); and (2) a dedicated endowment fund, where a portion of the sponsorship fees can be reinvested to support long-term program maintenance.

RCS, PW/ENV,
CD/ED,
CD/P&H
N/A 12 Maybe No Maybe Maybe No No Maybe 2 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 NBS-1-D
Continue to maintain the city's consecutive multi-decade status as a Tree City USA® recognized community, which can be upheld by meeting four core standards: (1) forming and maintaining a tree board or department; (2) establishing a tree care ordinance; (3) maintaining a community forestry program with an annual budget of at least two dollars per capita; and (4) observing and celebrating Arbor Day. Tree City USA® is a program led by ADF that celebrates towns and cities committed to growing their urban tree canopy.

PW/ENV,
PW/M ADF 13.5 Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe No No Yes 3.5 Low Yes Yes Actor 10 NBS-1-E
Continue to partner with UFF to support and promote their events, which focus on tree planting, tree care, and related community outreach and education in the tri-city area (i.e., Newark, Fremont, Union City).

CMO UFF 11 Maybe Maybe Maybe No Maybe Maybe Maybe 3 Low Yes Yes Influencer 8 NBS-2-A Continue to track and report the implementation of the City’s Green Stormwater Infrastructure Plan , in accordance with Safety Element Action SAF-4.H.

PW/ENG,
PW/ENV ACWD 11.5 Yes Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe Yes Yes 5.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Actor 6 NBS-2-B
Collaborate with NUSD and local private schools to transform schoolyards into green spaces by incorporating green stormwater infrastructure elements and utilizing the green spaces as outdoor learning laboratories for environmental education. Engage students, teachers, and parents in the design and maintenance process through partnerships with ACOE and CBOs.

PW/ENV,
PW/M

NUSD, ACOE,

ACWD, UFF,
CBOs
9 Yes No Yes No Maybe Maybe Yes 4 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 NBS-3-A
Establish a City-led task force composed of residents and interested stakeholders to develop a shared vision and to identify and evaluate potential policies and measures that the City may formally adopt to balance current and future housing needs with the long-term protection and restoration of the city's wetlands (i.e., Area 4).

CMO, CD/P&H CCCR 12 Maybe No Maybe No Yes Maybe Maybe 3 Low Yes Yes Regulator 9 NBS-3-B
Develop a plan for managing and restoring the city's wetlands. Collaborate with USFWS, BCDC, ACWD, and other partners to ensure the plan aligns with regional conservation goals and includes provisions for addressing sea-level rise and climate change impacts. The plan should include clear guidelines for managing stormwater inputs to wetlands to prevent pollutant accumulation and consider hydrologic connections between wetlands and the underlying groundwater basin.

CMO, CD/P&H,
PW/ENV
USFWS,
BCDC, CCCR 12.5 Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe Maybe Maybe Yes 4.5 Low Yes Maybe Actor 8 NBS-4-A
To support local pollinator populations, enhance urban biodiversity and climate resilience, and improve the city's aesthetic appeal, develop and implement a plan to establish a network of pollinator habitat corridors across the city, connecting existing green spaces and creating new habitats for pollinators by utilizing public spaces, rights-of-way, and participating private properties. Plan implementation can also include the installation of interpretive signage along the corridors to educate the public about pollinators and native plants, including the role of Newark and the Bay Area in the migration trail of the threatened Western Monarch butterfly species.

PW/ENV, CMO N/A 9.5 Maybe Maybe Yes Yes Maybe Yes Yes 5.5 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 NBS-4-B
Partner with BAWSCA and ACWD to promote and expand the Lawn Be Gone Rebate Program , where customers can receive a rebate of two dollars per square foot for removing their grass lawns and installing native, water-efficient landscapes.

PW/ENV, CMO BAWSCA,
ACWD 7.5 Maybe Yes Maybe No Maybe Maybe Maybe 3.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 NBS-4-C
Promote StopWaste's existing resources, such as the Bay-Friendly Gardening Guide: From Your Backyard to the Bay , Now That Your Lawn is Gone Maintenance Guide, and others, that include information and guidance on sustainable landscape design, native plant selection, soil health management, and integrated pest management practices.

PW/ENV, CMO StopWaste 7 Maybe Maybe Maybe No Maybe Maybe Maybe 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 Prioritization Criteria
Promote sustainable
landscaping practices that
support native vegetation and
pollinator habitats.

NBS-4
Nature-Based Solutions & Urban Greening (NBS)
Protect, restore, and enhance
natural areas, wetlands, and
ecosystems.

NBS-3
NBS-1 Maintain and expand the
city's urban tree canopy.

NBS-2
Integrate green stormwater
infrastructure throughout the
city.

Co-Benefits
Strategy # Strategy Action # Action Implementing
Department(s)
Community
Partner(s) Total Score Improved Public Health
Community
Cost Savings
Environmental
Quality
Economic
Development Equity Resilience Resource Conservation
Total CoBenefits ScoreGHG Reduction
Potential
Technological
Feasibility
Current
Policies City Role Implementation Timeframe
Prioritization
Criteria Score
COM-1-A
Adopt an ordinance for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction that includes provisions for debris clearance, damage assessment, demolitions, re-occupancy and building moratorium criteria, fee waivers and deferrals, and expedited permitting procedures for repair and reconstruction.

CMO, PW/BI AC OES 6.5 No Maybe No Maybe Maybe Yes No 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 COM-1-B
Continue partnering with ACFD to offer CERT training and other personal emergency and disaster preparedness trainings, and additionally, expand training opportunities to directly address community and neighborhood-level preparedness for climate impacts. Develop and implement measures to increase training awareness and participation.

CMO, CD/P&H ACFD 7 No No No No Yes Yes No 2 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-1-C
Partner with BayREN and local contractors to establish a climate-ready home assessment program that is intended to help homeowners and renters make their residences more resilient through subsidized assessments and retrofits. Through the program, trained assessors will evaluate properties for climaterelated vulnerabilities and residents will receive a customized report with recommended improvements, potential cost savings, and applicable funding opportunities.

CMO, CD/P BayREN 8 No Maybe No Yes Maybe Yes No 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-1-D
Develop a local, resident- and business-focused climate resilience toolkit that consolidates and builds upon existing local and regional materials, partnering with AC OES, ABAG, local businesses, and CBOs. All toolkit materials should be available in multiple languages and include specific considerations for those who may be more vulnerable (e.g., children, individuals with access and functional needs), along with general guidance on keeping one’s home or business safe when faced with climate stressors.

CMO AC OES, ABAG,
CBOs 8.5 No Maybe No Maybe Yes Maybe No 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Actor 6 COM-1-E Develop and implement strategies to expand the reach of AC Alert, the mass notification system used by cities throughout Alameda County to rapidly spread emergency alerts. CMO AC OES 7.5 Maybe No No No Yes Yes No 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-2-A
Establish official criteria and guidelines for the opening and operation of cooling centers within city boundaries, with an emphasis on equity and accessibility through flexible dates and hours, a variety of high priority locations throughout the city, and transportation considerations. Cooling centers may include both City and non-City facilities (e.g., schools). For facilities that are not directly under the City's purview but fall within city boundaries, establish contingency agreements to facilitate the opening and operation of these facilities as temporary cooling centers during periods of extreme heat, as defined by the established criteria and guidelines.

CMO, RCS N/A 6 Maybe No No No Yes Maybe No 2 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 COM-2-B
Evaluate and consider establishing requirements for the use of heat mitigation measures in the public realm, particularly in common community gathering spaces (e.g., playgrounds, parks) and along transit corridors. Requirements may include the incorporation of: (1) building design features (e.g., varied building heights; setbacks from sidewalks; vertical and horizontal shade features); (2) cooling materials, treatments, and coatings (e.g., for rooftops); (3) multiple layers of shading to maximize coverage throughout the day; (4) street trees and landscaping; and (5) public amenities, such as drinking fountains and water mister/spray areas; among others.

PW/BI,

PW/ENG,

PW/ENV,

PW/M, RCS
N/A 7.5 Maybe No Maybe Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe 3.5 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 COM-2-C
In coordination with AC Library, AC OES, and community volunteers (e.g., Newark CERT), establish the Newark Library as a permanent community resilience center that can serve as a resource and gathering place during extreme heat events and other emergencies. Seek grant funding from the Strategic Growth Council, BayREN, or other sources.

CMO AC Library, AC
OES 8 Yes No No No Yes Yes No 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-2-D
With each triennial building code update, evaluate the City's existing design guidelines and standards to further promote building materials and site design techniques that provide passive cooling and reduce energy demand. Upon completion of the evaluation and if needed, develop and propose appropriate updates to be reviewed, tailored, and adopted by the Planning Commission and City Council.

PW/BI N/A 5 Maybe Maybe No No Maybe Yes Maybe 3 Not Quantified Maybe Maybe Actor 2 COM-2-E
Establish a program to assist and incentivize residential and nonresidential building owners in retrofitting existing buildings with cool roofs or green roofs, underscoring the array of co-benefits they have to offer aside from mitigating the urban heat island effect, such as reduced energy costs. As part of the program, consider developing guidelines and linking to an array of external resources for proper maintenance. This action supports implementation of the City’s Housing Element Program 6.3, under which the City would amend the building ordinance to require buildings to exceed Title 24 standards by installing cool roofs for all new or replacement roofs, PW/BI N/A 9 Maybe Yes Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe 4 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-2-F
Establish a pilot program to install cool (i.e., high albedo) pavement in select neighborhoods, partnering with technical experts on cool pavement materials and performance monitoring, and additionally, with ACPHD to identify heat-vulnerable populations and prioritize project locations. Assuming program success and community buy-in, develop a plan to gradually expand cool pavement installation across the city, prioritizing areas with high pedestrian activity, low tree canopy, and relatively lower flood risk (i.e., areas where permeable pavement may be more appropriate).

PW/ENG ACPHD, ACWD 7.5 Yes No No Maybe Yes Yes No 3.5 Not Quantified Maybe Yes Actor 4 COM-3-A
Adopt a local sea level rise adaptation plan to help build resilience to permanent coastal inundation and temporary coastal flooding. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.

PW/ENV N/A 10.5 No Yes Maybe Yes Maybe Yes Maybe 4.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Actor 6 COM-3-B
Partner with Adopt-a-Drain to implement a local storm drain adoption program, which will engage residents to "adopt" storm drains, keep them clear of debris, and report any issues to the City. The program will include an educational component about the importance of proper stormwater management, including safety guidance, stormwater-groundwater interactions, and debris disposal.

This will inspire stewardship, community ownership, and behavior change to prevent runoff pollution and reduce localized flooding.

PW/ENG,
PW/ENV Adopt-a-Drain 6 No No No No Maybe Maybe No 1 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-3-C
Evaluate the need for more stringent minimum standards for flood protection and resilience, notably for new construction and major renovations. Specific considerations should include floor elevations, floodresistant materials, and improved drainage systems (among others), and additionally, potential incentives for exceeding minimum standards. Depending on the outcomes of the evaluation, update the Municipal Code to incorporate new standards.

PW/BI, PW/ENV N/A 7 Maybe Maybe No Maybe Maybe Yes No 3 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 COM-4-A
Adopt an ordinance that clearly defines, permits, and encourages various forms of urban agriculture within the city, such as community gardens, rooftop gardens, backyard chicken keeping, and smallscale commercial urban farms. The ordinance would update zoning regulations, as needed, to explicitly allow agricultural activities in residential, commercial, and mixed-use zones, setting clear guidelines for permissible practices.

CD/P&H N/A 7 No Maybe Maybe No Maybe Maybe Yes 3 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Actor 4 COM-4-B
In partnership with local CBOs and where allowed by local ordinance, create and manage a network of community gardens and fruit trees throughout the city, which would involve identifying suitable public spaces, such as vacant lots or underutilized park areas, and transforming them into productive garden or fruit tree plots. Additionally, the network can be promoted to draw local volunteers to serve as garden stewards and foster a sense of community ownership. All food grown at the community gardens can be donated to local food pantries.

RCS, PW/ENV CBOs 8.5 Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe Yes Yes Yes 5.5 Not Quantified Yes Maybe Regulator 3 COM-4-C
Launch a multilingual outreach and education campaign focused on urban agriculture and sustainable food production, offering a series of workshops, classes, and hands-on training sessions covering related topics (e.g., container gardening, seasonal planting, caring of private fruit trees, organic pest management).

CMO, RCS CBOs 8.5 No Maybe No No Yes Maybe Maybe 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Actor 6 COM-4-D
Partnering with local CBOs, organize regularly recurring community "food swap" events where residents can exchange homemade, homegrown, or foraged foods with each other to reduce food waste and foster a sense of community connectivity.

CMO, RCS CBOs 7 No Yes No No Yes No Yes 3 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 COM-4-E
Partner with NUSD and local private schools to further integrate food education and local food sourcing into curricula and/or voluntary extra-curricular activities (e.g., gardening clubs). The initiative will establish gardens at each school site and provide curriculum resources for teachers, and additionally, would encourage regular "taste tests" as a form of student engagement to help promote acceptance and enthusiasm for healthy, locally grown foods.

CMO, RCS NUSD 6 No No No No Maybe No Maybe 1 Not Quantified Yes Yes Regulator 5 COM-5-A
Promote strategies to encourage local businesses to meet the requirements for and get certified by the California Green Business Network, which may include local incentives or benefits (e.g., promotional support from the City).

CD/ED Green Business
Network 6.5 No Maybe Maybe Yes No No Maybe 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 COM-5-B
Promote green tenant leasing practices for commercial businesses to align tenant and landlord cobenefits, utilizing best practices such as those identified in the Green Tenant Toolkit developed by the Business Council on Climate Change.

CD/ED N/A 6.5 No Maybe Maybe Yes No No Maybe 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 COM-5-C
Partner with CBOs and businesses to develop and implement targeted outreach campaigns that raise awareness of green business products and services available to residents, emphasizing the benefits of sustainable consumption and accessibility of local green options. To support outreach, multilingual materials will be created to inform residents of where they can purchase sustainable products and services and access related information.

CD/ED,
PW/ENV
CBOs,
Businesses 6.5 No Maybe Maybe Yes No No Maybe 2.5 Not Quantified Yes Yes Influencer 4 COM-6
Provide education and outreach
opportunities to help support
CAN awareness and
implementation.

COM-6-A
Develop an education and outreach program that will help spread awareness and support implementation of each of the strategies and actions included in CAN. The program may identify or include both broad topics (e.g., water conservation, circular economy) and tailored engagement opportunities that are specific to each strategy and/or action. Additionally, the program will engage and/or partner with a diverse range of local stakeholders (e.g., residents, businesses, schools, CBOs).

CMO, PW/ENV CBOs,
Businesses 10 Maybe Maybe Maybe Maybe Yes Maybe Maybe 4 Not Quantified Yes Yes Actor 6 Prioritization Criteria
COM-5 Create a local economy that
prioritizes green businesses.

COM-3 Bolster protection for sea level
rise and flooding.

COM-4
Build a more sustainable food
system and increase local food
security.

COM-2
Reduce exposure to extreme
heat and mitigate the urban heat
island effect.

Community Capacity & Resilience (COM)
COM-1 Improve climate and emergency
preparedness.

Co-Benefits
Co-Benefit Input Description Score
Yes Successful implementation of this action would likely result in direct public health benefits on its own. 1 Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially result in indirect public health benefits; and/or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City or various community actors to fully realize its potential public health benefits.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action: (1) would likely not yield any public health benefits; or (2) could potentially negatively influence public health. 0 Unclear N/A 0
Yes Successful implementation of this action would likely generate longer-term cost savings for residents, businesses, and/or the City on its own. 1
Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially generate longer-term costs savings for residents, businesses, and/or the City; or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City or various community actors to fully realize its potential for generating longer-term cost savings.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action: (1) would likely not generate longer-term cost savings for residents, businesses, and/or the City; or (2) could potentially increase related longer-term costs. 0 Unclear N/A 0
Yes Successful implementation of this action would likely enhance environmental quality on its own. 1 Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially enhance environmental quality; or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City or various community actors to fully realize its potential for enhancing environmental quality.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action: (1) would likely not enhance environmental quality; or (2) could potentially degrade environmental quality. 0
Unclear N/A 0
Yes Successful implementation of this action would likely enhance economic development on its own. 1 Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially enhance economic development; or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City of various community actors to fully realize its potential for enhancing economic development.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action: (1) would likely not enhance economic development; or (2) could potentially be a barrier to economic development. 0 Unclear N/A 0
Newark CAN Actions | Scoring Rubric
Co-Benefits
Improved Public
Health
Community Cost
Savings
Economic
Development
Environmental
Quality
Yes
Successful implementation of this action would likely enhance equity or result in equitable outcomes on its own, such as by promoting social inclusion (e.g., addressing disparities, promoting greater access to resources), environmental justice (e.g., mitigating cumulative impacts from environmental stressors, fair distribution of environmental benefits), and economic empowerment. 1 Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially enhance equity or result in equitable outcomes; or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City or various community actors to fully realize its potential for enhancing equity or resulting in equitable outcomes.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action would likely not enhance equity or result in equitable outcomes. 0
Unclear N/A 0
Yes Successful implementation of this action would likely enhance resilience of specific assets or the broader community on its own. 1
Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially enhance resilience of specific assets or the broader community; or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City or various community actors to fully realize its potential for enhancing resilience of specific assets or the broader community.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action would likely not enhance resilience of specific assets or the broader community. 0
Unclear N/A 0
Yes Successful implementation of this action would likely promote resource conservation on its own. 1 Maybe
Successful implementation of this action: (1) could potentially promote resource conservation; or (2) would require subsequent actions to be taken by the City or various community actors to fully realize its potential for promoting resource conservation.

0.5 No Successful implementation of this action would likely not promote resource conservation. 0 Unclear N/A 0
Resilience
Equity
Resource
Conservation
Prioritization Criteria Input Description Score
High This action is included under a strategy that has the potential to reduce communitywide 2035 greenhouse gas emissions by more than 10%. 8
Medium This action is included under a strategy that has the potential to reduce communitywide 2035 greenhouse gas emissions by 5% to 9%. 6
Low This action is included under a strategy that has the potential to reduce communitywide 2035 greenhouse gas emissions by less than 5%. 4
Not Quantified N/A 0
Yes Technology needed for successful action implementation currently exists and has been deployed at a broad scale. 2
Maybe Technology needed for successful action implementation: (1) is on track to be deployed before 2035; or (2) is in pilot stages. 0
No Technology needed for successful action implementation is not readily available and/or is not on track to be deployed before 2035. -2
Yes City policies currently exist that would allow for and facilitate successful implementation of this action. 2 Maybe City policies would need to be developed to help support successful implementation of this action. 0 No City policies currently exist that would prohibit successful implementation of this action. -2 Actor
The City has direct operational control and primary responsibility for successfully implementing this action. Achieving the desired outcomes of this action would require minimal reliance on other community actors.
2 Regulator
The City has some operational control and responsibility for successfully implementing this action and/or achieving the desired outcomes of this action may require some reliance on other community actors.
1 Influencer
The City has limited operational control and responsibility for successfully implementing this action and/or achieving the desired outcomes of this action would substantially rely upon voluntary participation or independent actions of other community actors, with the City playing a supporting or influencing role.
0 GHG Reduction
Potential
Technological
Feasibility
Note : Actual scoring conducted in accordance with this rubric was meant to be qualitative and was not based on comprehensive technical analysis. Rather, scoring was based on professional judgment, informed intuition, and strategic thinking at time of assessment, and should not be interpreted as definitive.

Current Policies
City Role
Prioritization Criteria

SUMMARY

PLAN / DOCUMENT GHG REDUCTION ADAPTATION NOTES
City of Newark - Pedestrian & Bicycle
Master Plan (February 2017) 22 0
At the time of this Policy Audit, the
City's Active Transportation Plan is
currently under development and will
serve as an update to the Pedestrian &
Bicycle Master Plan.

City of Newark - General Plan, Safety
Element (October 2023) 41 106
Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Update, Annex B - City of Newark
(January 2024)
1 14
At the time of this Policy Audit, the TriCity Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update is a "Public Review Draft" and
has not yet been finalized and
adopted.

City of Newark - Climate Action Plan
(January 2010) 42 8
Number of Strategies, Policies, Actions, Etc. That Address or Overlap With:

Notes: (1) the plans/documents identified in this Policy Audit are not ordered or structured in any particular way; (2) the number of strategies, policies, actions, etc., that address or overlap with GHG reduction or adaptation includes those that are direct, indirect, or that may result in GHG reduction or climate adaptation co-benefits upon implementation; these numbers are only meant to provide high-level insights and should not be used for any external analyses; (3) implementation status for all the strategies, policies, actions, etc., presented in this workbook was not verified; (4) the presented language for all the strategies, policies, actions, and other details in this Policy Audit is taken directly/verbatim from the associated plan/document; any spelling or grammatical errors were not corrected before incorporation into this workbook; (5) this Policy Audit is not exhaustive or all-encompassing of all the GHG reduction and adaptation strategies, policies, actions, etc. captured in prior planning efforts and is meant to serve as a high-level snapshot of some of the primary plans/documents that address these items.

GOAL # GOAL POLICY # POLICY POLICY DETAILS GHG REDUCTION? ADAPTATION? 1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-1 Complete the Pedestrian Network
Work to close gaps in the pedestrian network and improve sidewalk connectivity between residential and commercial areas. Develop curbs, gutters, sidewalk on all remaining Newark streets not yet fully improved to encourage safe, convenient pedestrian travel. Where appropriate, include marked crosswalks at intersections and install pedestrian countdowns at traffic signal to facilitate safe pedestrian movement across City streets, as recommended in this Plan. (General Plan Policy T-2.1) Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-2 Complete the Bicycle Network
Maintain and expand an interconnected network of bicycle routes, paths, and trails, serving the City’s neighborhoods, shopping districts, workplaces, and park and open space areas. The existing bicycle network should be expanded to provide connections to developing areas, including the Dumbarton TOD, the Southwest Residential and Recreational Project, Old Town Newark, and the NewPark Mall vicinity. (General Plan Policy T-2.2)
Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-3 Maintenance
Continue ongoing maintenance and upgrades of the City’s sidewalk and wheelchair accessible ramp infrastructure and bikeway system. Develop a maintenance program for the City’s planned off-street trail networks (consistent with General Plan Action T-2.F).

Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-4 Continuity
Develop facilities that are continuous across city boundaries and integrate with the regional system, particularly Fremont’s on-street bicycle network and the regional trails networks.

Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-5 Intermodal Connections Provide bicycle and pedestrian connections to public transportation systems in the City and region. Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-6 Bicycle Parking
Provide secure, adequate, and easily accessible bicycle parking at key destinations, including municipal facilities, schools, and new development. The style and design of bike racks should contribute to overall neighborhood and architectural aesthetics. Develop a citywide ordinance for the provision of bicycle parking. (General Plan Policy T-2.11) Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-7 Pedestrian and Bicycle Provisions
within New Development
Ensure safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle access to and through new public and private developments. The City will use the development review process to ensure—and where appropriate to require—provisions for pedestrians and bicycles in new development areas. (General Plan Policy T-2.6)
Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-9 Trails Along Railroads and Utilities
Develop and maintain trails in parks and open space areas, and between Newark neighborhoods and the City's open spaces (General Plan Policy T-2.9). Such trails may be considered where the right-of-way is sufficiently wide to address safety considerations, and where a trail project would not interfere with railroad, flood control, or utility operations (General Plan Policy T-2.12).

Yes No
City of Newark - Pedestrian & Bicycle Master Plan (February 2017) Does the policy address or overlap with:
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-10 Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements
at Signalized Intersections
Upgrade existing and design future traffic signals to have adequate bicycle and pedestrian detection, including signage and/or pavement markings to indicate how the detection works; pedestrian countdown signals timed for 3.5 feet/second or lower in front of schools and senior centers; accessible push buttons; directional curb ramps wherever feasible; and corner curb radii that allow truck access while prioritizing pedestrian safety (Consistent with General Plan Action T-2.I).

Yes No
1 Create a citywide pedestrian and bicycle network that provides safe access to destinations within the city,
connects to an integrated regional network, and is
accessible to users of all, ages, and abilities and means (General Plan Goal T-2).
1-11 Citywide Uncontrolled Crosswalk Policy Consult the Citywide Uncontrolled Crosswalk Policy, located in Appendix C, whenever installing, enhancing, or removing crosswalks in Newark. Yes No 2 Increase the number of people of all ages, abilities, and means who bicycle and walk for transportation,
recreation, and health.
2-1 Infrastructure Create and maintain a safe, convenient, and effective bicycle and pedestrian system. Yes No 2 Increase the number of people of all ages, abilities, and means who bicycle and walk for transportation,
recreation, and health.
2-2 Promote Bicycling and Walking
Promote bicycling and walking as viable modes of transportation for everyday trips as well as for recreation to increase the number of people of all ages, abilities, and means who bicycle and walk (General Plan Policy T-2.1).

Yes No
2 Increase the number of people of all ages, abilities, and means who bicycle and walk for transportation,
recreation, and health.
2-3 Health Benefits Promote a healthy community through expansion of active transportation modes. Yes No 2 Increase the number of people of all ages, abilities, and means who bicycle and walk for transportation,
recreation, and health.
2-4 Bicycle Events
Support special bicycle events and activities which showcase Newark's bike trails and amenities, especially facilities providing access to shoreline trails and open spaces (General Plan Policy T-2.13)
Yes No
3 Develop a safe system for walking and bicycling. 3-1 Improve Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Improve actual and perceived pedestrian and bicycle safety. Make use of the latest technologies available to provide increased safety measures. Special attention should be given to facilitating the safety of children walking or bicycling to school. (General Plan Policy T-2.7)
Yes No
3 Develop a safe system for walking and bicycling. 3-2 Collision Reduction Work to reduce the rate of bicycle and pedestrian crashes, injuries and fatalities. Yes No 3 Develop a safe system for walking and bicycling. 3-3 Education & Outreach Establish educational and encouragement opportunities for all bicyclists and walkers and promote safer behavior by drivers. Yes No
3 Develop a safe system for walking and bicycling. 3-4 Railroad Crossings Ensure that any future grade separated railroad crossings include sidewalks and designated lanes for bicycles (General Plan Policy T-2.10). Yes No 4 Enhance, promote, and expand the countywide Safe
Routes to School programs in Newark and implement
biking and walking infrastructural improvements near
schools.
4-1 Mode Share Increase the number and percentage of children walking and bicycling to school. Yes No 4 Enhance, promote, and expand the countywide Safe
Routes to School programs in Newark and implement
biking and walking infrastructural improvements near
schools.
4-2 Safety Improve actual and perceived safety of children en route to school. Yes No 4 Enhance, promote, and expand the countywide Safe
Routes to School programs in Newark and implement
biking and walking infrastructural improvements near
schools.
4-3 Safety Awareness and Health Benefits
Encourage bicycle and pedestrian safety training in schools and through City recreation programs. Such programs should aim to reduce the rate of bicycle and pedestrian collisions while increasing awareness of available facilities and the health benefits of bicycling and walking (General Plan Policy T-2.8).

Yes No
5 Establish design guidelines and priorities for the
comprehensive and consistent design of trail and bikeway improvements.
5-1 N/A Adhere to national best practices and the Plan’s design guidelines in the design and implementation of biking and walking facilities in Newark. Yes No GOAL # GOAL POLICY OR
ACTION #
POLICY OR ACTION POLICY OR ACTION DETAILS GHG REDUCTION? ADAPTATION? SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies. Continue to cooperate with regional, state and federal jurisdictions, including BAAQMD and CARB to minimize exposure to air pollution. Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.2 Climate Action and Adaptation
Planning.

Ensure that the forthcoming Climate Action Plan is a qualified climate action and adaptation plan that comprehensively addresses GHG emissions reductions, and includes strategies and actions to not only reduce vehicular and other emissions, but protect and mitigate the impact of those emissions on sensitive resources, particularly in areas most exposed to air pollution.

Yes Yes
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.3Sensitive Uses.

Amend the zoning ordinance to include standards and restrictions that protect sensitive uses (residential areas, parks, schools, etc.) from pollutants originating from freeways, truck routes, heavy industrial or other polluting sources.

Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.4 Land Use Planning.

Take actions to expand infill development within job centers and around transportation nodes. Require multifamily developments and large commercial projects over one acre in size to mitigate, to the extent feasible, anticipated emissions which exceed BAAQMD guidelines.

Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.5 Truck Congestion.

Develop and implement strategies to reduce traffic congestion and pollution in collaboration with the business community to encourage mutually beneficial operations such as off-peak truck deliveries.

Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.6 Funding. Apply for alternative financing mechanisms for local air quality improvement programs. Yes No SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Policy SAF1.7 Transportation Demand Management.

Develop and implement transportation demand management (TDM) policies, strategies, and incentives as a vital tool for reducing vehicle emissions, improving air quality and promoting active transportation.

Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.A Zoning Ordinance Amendments.

Amend the zoning ordinance to create provisions that protect or restrict sensitive uses within 1,000 feet of I-880 and SR 84 rights-of-way, and near heavy industrial or other polluting uses that could impact the health and safety of sensitive populations.

Incorporate recommendations from the forthcoming Climate Action Plan into the zoning ordinance. (Implements Policy SAF-1.3 Sensitive Uses)
Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.B Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
Preparation.

Prepare, adopt, and implement a qualified Climate Action and Adaption Plan within 3 years. (Implements Policy SAF-1.2 Climate Action and Adaptation Planning) Yes Yes SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.C Transportation Demand Management
(TDM) Strategies.

Update the zoning ordinance to include TDM standards and incentives to be implemented at the project scale. Standards may include mandating the inclusion of bike infrastructure and pedestrian amenities; developing parking caps and unbundling parking; establishing narrow street standards and traffic calming requirements; requiring higher-density developments near transit. Incentives may include employer-based programs such as subsidized transit passes and bike storage facilities (Implements Policy SAF-1.4 Land Use Planning)
Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.D Wood Burning Fireplaces.

Require compliance with state and federal standards for wood-burning fireplaces and stoves in new or remodeled homes. (Implements Policy SAF-1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies)
Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.E Air Quality Studies for New
Development.

Use the environmental review process to require mitigation of potential air quality impacts generated by new development. Site-specific air quality studies should be required for future development that includes sensitive receptors (such as schools, hospitals, daycare centers, or retirement homes) located within designated air quality buffer areas along Interstate 880 and State Route 84. (Implements Policy SAF-1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies)
Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.F Furnace Replacement and Clean
Appliances.

Invest in programs that help property owners replace residential, commercial, and industrial furnaces and gasoline powered appliances with cleaner fuel, low emission furnaces, and clean energy appliances. (Implements Policy SAF-1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies)
Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.G Restaurant Exhaust Systems.

Require new restaurants located in mixed-use developments or adjacent to residential developments to install kitchen exhaust vents with filtration systems, reroute vents away from residential development, and use other accepted methods of odor control, in accordance with local building and fire codes. Restaurant Exhaust Systems. (Implements Policy SAF-1.3 Sensitive Uses)
No No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.HHealth Risk Assessments.

Require submittal of a Health Risk Assessment (HRA) for applicants proposing major development or redevelopment within 1,000 feet of the I-880 or SR 84 freeways. For projects where the incremental cancer risk exceeds ten in one million, PM2.5 concentrations exceed 0.3 µg/m3 , or the appropriate non-cancer hazard index exceeds

1.0, the HRA shall identify mitigation measures capable of reducing potential risks to acceptable levels. (Implements Policy SAF-1.4 Land Use Planning).

Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.IConstruction-Related Pollutants.

Require that construction contractors implement basic control measures consistent with BAAQMD recommendations to limit emissions of construction-related criteria pollutants, including fugitive dust. (Implements Policy SAF-1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies) Yes No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.JNuisance Odors.

Evaluate the potential for proposed projects to emit nuisance odors beyond the property line and require that property owners submit odor management plans consistent with BAAQMD regulations. (Implements Policy SAF-1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies) No No
SAF-1 A community with clean and healthy air. Action SAF1.K Standard Conditions of Approval.

Update the City’s Standard Conditions of Approval to require measures which reduce particulate emissions (PM10) from construction and reduce construction-related emissions if project-level environmental review determines that BAAQMD thresholds for criteria pollutants may be exceeded. (Implements Policy SAF1.1 Cooperation Among Agencies)
Yes No
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.1
Water Pollution Reduction.

Identify pollution risks and levels of contamination for the city’s water bodies. Reduce pollutants entering and degrading water resources, including groundwater and surface waters in Newark, by minimizing hazardous materials accidents, spills, and vapor releases.

No No
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.2 Cleanup Sites.

Cooperate with local and state agencies to address mitigation and improvements of cleanup sites. Prioritize the cleanup of sites that pose a risk to water bodies and sensitive populations.

No No
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.3Cooperation Among Agencies to
Address Lead Risk.

Work with the Alameda County Department of Public Health to identify and address lead risk in infrastructure and the housing stock to ensure access to clean lead-free water for all community members
No No
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.4 Drought Awareness.

Collaborate with public agencies and community organizations to raise awareness of longterm climate and drought impacts and encourage emergency planning efforts to consider drought.

Yes Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.5 Water Storage.

Raise awareness of on-site water storage and rainwater capture practices for conservation and emergency drought events, that can be used for fresh water supply, watering of plants, and other uses. Utilize public campaigns and starter kits for households to engage in water storage practices, such as using rain barrels.

Yes Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.6
Water Conservation.

Identify technologies and retrofits at municipal facilities for expanding water conservation. Develop new programs to encourage water conservation for residential, business, and commercial sectors.

Yes Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.7
Protection of Surface Water Bodies. Protect surface water bodies in the city, including lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and wetlands, from development and other activities that impact water quality. No Yes SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.8 Lakeshore Park Amenity. Identify pollution risks to Lakeshore Park Lake and plan improvements for the health and water quality of the lake for its benefit to the community and wildlife. No Yes SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Policy SAF2.9 Long-Term Water Supply. Invest resources in expanding water desalination projects to help ensure long-term supply of water and build local resiliency against long-term droughts. No Yes SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.A Prioritize Cleanup Sites.

Identify a funding source and prioritize cleanup sites that are contributing to pollution and degradation of water resources, considering contamination levels and proximity to residential neighborhoods, community amenities, and parks and recreation. Work to address and minimize material leakages and water quality concerns from cleanup sites in the community. (Implements Policy SAF-2.1 Water Pollution Reduction; Policy SAF2.2 Cleanup Sites; Policy SAF-2.7 Protection of Surface Water Bodies; and Policy SAF2.8 Lakeshore Park Amenity
No Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.B
Address Pollution in Water Bodies. Identify contaminated surface water bodies in the city, and conduct regular evaluation of clean-up efforts. (Implements Policy SAF-2.7 Protection of Surface Water Bodies) No No SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.C
Collaborate with the ACWD.

Collaborate with the ACWD to identify prevention measures to protect water bodies from pollution risk. (Implements Policy SAF2.1 Water Pollution Reduction; Policy SAF-2.2 Cleanup Sites; Policy SAF-2.7 Protection of Surface Water Bodies; and Policy SAF-2.8 Lakeshore Park Amenity)
Yes Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.D
Lead Risk Education.

Develop and implement special training workshops and projects related to education on lead risk and reduction. Regularly test water supplies and publish results for public viewing. Implement a program to replace lead pipes and fixtures in public and private properties. (Implements Policy SAF-2.1 Water Pollution Reduction; and Policy SAF-2.3 Cooperation Among Agencies to Address Lead Risk)
No No
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.E
Lead Risk Mediation.

Pursue funding to mediate lead pollution in the community. Implement a program to replace lead pipes and fixtures in both public and private properties. Offer free or subsidized home inspections for lead, particularly targeting older homes and vulnerable communities. Provide grants or low-interest loans for homeowners to remediate lead issues. (Implements Policy SAF-2.1 Water Pollution Reduction; and Policy SAF-2.3 Cooperation Among Agencies to Address Lead Risk)
No No
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.F Ensuring Water Availability.

Coordinate with the Alameda County Water District to monitor water availability and drought conditions and conduct regular water supply assessments. Create and distribute a plan for precautionary measures to ensure water availability during drought periods. (Implements Policy SAF-2.4 Drought Awareness; Policy SAF-2.6 Water Conservation; and Policy SAF2.9 Long-Term Water Supply)
Yes Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.G Emergency Supplies.

Collaborate with ACWD to prepare emergency drought supplies and resources prioritizing the needs of vulnerable populations, including low-income households, outdoor workers, homeless individuals, and individuals with existing health conditions who may have less capacity or financial stability to withstand severe droughts. (Implements Policy SAF-2.4 Drought Awareness; Policy SAF-2.5 Water Storage; Policy SAF-2.6 Water Conservation; and Policy SAF-2.9 Long-Term Water Supply)
No Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.H
Water Use Restrictions.

Collaborate with the ACWD to disseminate water shortage information and enforce water use restrictions, especially during drought periods. (Implements Policy SAF-2.4 Drought Awareness; Policy SAF-2.5 Water Storage; and Policy SAF-2.6 Water Conservation) Yes Yes
SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.I Clean-up Events.

Organize regular cleanup events for wetland and lake areas, including Lakeshore Park Lake, with public engagement and collaboration with residents, schools, and community organizations. Use events as opportunities to increase local drought awareness and best practices for conservation. (Implements Policy SAF-2.4 Drought Awareness; Policy SAF-2.7 Protection of Surface Water Bodies; and Policy SAF-2.8 Lakeshore Park Amenity) Yes Yes
City of Newark - General Plan, Safety Element (October 2023) Does the policy/action address or overlap with:

SAF-2
A community that protects and enhances the availability, conservation, and health of water resources for long-term needs.

Action SAF2.J Landscaping Guidance.

Enhance the city’s existing Bay-Friendly Landscape Guidelines to exceed state requirements for municipal landscape areas, with stronger requirements for climatefriendly and drought-tolerant trees and low-flow irrigation systems. (Implements Policy SAF-2.6 Water Conservation)
Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.1
Urban Heat Island Effect. Develop standards and requirements for municipal projects that can incorporate natural cooling techniques to reduce the urban heat island effect. No Yes SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.2 Cooling Amenities. Evaluate and asses the need for additional cooling centers in the southern and eastern areas of the community and reduce barriers to access existing centers. No Yes SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.3 Household Cooling.

Identify and educate residents on programs and solutions for helping households with cooling during extreme heat periods, including new or replacement air conditioning, and other household cooling mechanisms where air conditioning is not feasible, such as improved insulation, tree canopy, urban greening, cool roofs, cool pavements, cool paints and materials, and other mechanisms to help reduce extreme heat impacts for households.

No Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.4 Parks and Open Spaces.

Identify potential for expanding existing parks or creating new parks in the community that are accessible by all residents in under-resourced locations, including the southwestern and eastern areas of the community, where access to existing parks is low.

Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.5 Urban Forest Management. Plan for the sustainable growth and management of the urban forest to help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and extreme heat impacts. Yes Yes SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.6 Urban Greening. Prioritize urban greening where the tree canopy is relatively lower than other parts of the city, including near the center of the community between Central and Mowry Avenue. Yes Yes SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.7 Health and Safety. Coordinate with local health providers, schools, and community organizations to share information and resources regarding extreme heat and heat related illnesses. No Yes SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Policy SAF3.8 Heat and Active Transportation.

Identify active transportation routes in need of amenities to protect against extreme heat, and prioritize bikeways, walkways, and trails near schools, community centers, and commuter routes.

Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.A Cool Roofs Requirements. Amend the City’s building ordinance to exceed Title 24 standards by requiring cool roofs for all new or replacement roofs. (Implements Policy SAF-3.1 Urban Heat Island Effect) Yes Yes SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.B
Cool Pavements.

Expand cool pavements as streets become in need of resurfacing, conduct this work through the Pavement Maintenance Program. (Implements Policy SAF-3.1 Urban Heat Island Effect; and Policy SAF-3.8 Heat and Active Transportation) No Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.C Cooling Center Access.

Identify potential sites for new cooling centers, prioritizing areas where there is less access to existing centers and areas with sensitive populations, including children, low income, and individuals with existing health conditions. Identify municipal facilities that may provide cooling amenities during extreme heat events. (Implements Policy SAF-3.2 Cooling Amenities)
No Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.D
Street Amenities.

Add street amenities along active transportation routes, including bikeways, sidewalks, walking paths, and trails, to protect users from extreme heat and other climate elements.

Add bus stop shelters, tree canopy, natural landscaping, green pavements, and other features that enhance cooling and reduce the urban heat island effect. (Implements Policy SAF-3.1 Urban Heat Island Effect; and Policy SAF-3.8 Heat and Active Transportation) Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.E New Parks Development.

Identify potential sites for new parks in the southwestern and eastern portions of the community that are outside of a half-mile to existing parks. (Implements Policy SAF-3.4 Parks and Open Spaces)
Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.F Existing Parks Access.

Increase access to existing parks in close proximity (Ash Street Park, Eucalyptus Grove Park, and Silliman Community Activity Center) with designated bikeways and urban pathways, signage, lighting, and landscaping that connects underserved neighborhoods to park amenities. (Implements Policy SAF-3.4 Parks and Open Spaces) Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.G Community Resources.

Identify organizations with resources and programs for households to be able to stay safe from extreme heat impacts, including for lower-income households and households lacking air conditioning, and educate residents about these resources available to them. (Implements Policy SAF3.3 Household Cooling; and Policy SAF-3.7 Health and Safety) No Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.H Tree Inventory.

Develop a citywide tree inventory and management plan to increase the urban forest, prioritizing areas with less tree canopy as well as climate-appropriate and water-efficient or drought tolerant species that can provide long-term benefits for cooling, air quality, and public health. (Implements Policy SAF 3.5 Urban Forest Management; and Policy SAF

3.6 Urban Greening)
Yes Yes
SAF-3
A resilient and healthy community that adapts to
changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of extreme weather impacts.

Action SAF3.I Climate-Friendly Trees.

Develop and adopt a list of approved tree and plant species that are climate appropriate and water-efficient or drought-tolerant. Require any new and replacement plantings to be from the City’s approved list. (Implements Policy SAF 3.5 Urban Forest Management; and Policy SAF 3.6 Urban Greening)
Yes Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards.

Monitor flood-prone areas in Newark and use this data for land use, transportation, and infrastructure capital improvement and planning purposes. Flood-resistant construction techniques and minimum building elevations shall be required to reduce flood hazards.

Yes Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.2 Maintaining Drainage Patterns. Prohibit development, grading, and land modification activities that would adversely affect Newark’s drainage system or create potential erosion impacts. No Yes SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.3Residential Development in the Flood
Plain.

Limit development within low-lying areas at high risk from flooding. Require any new residential development, including streets and other surface improvements, to be constructed above the 100-year flood elevation.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.4Non-Residential Development in the
Flood Plain.

Limit development within low-lying areas at high risk from flooding. Require that any new non-residential development, including commercial and industrial uses, be floodproofed or constructed on pads elevated above the 100-year flood elevation.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.5
Storm Drain Maintenance. Manage and maintain the storm drainage system to avoid flooding and reduce the negative effects of stormwater runoff. No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.6 Mitigating Downstream Flood Impacts.

Create standards to ensure that the design of new development reduces the potential for downstream flooding, including measures for maximizing porous pavement and on-site drainage retention.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.7 Flood Control Improvements.

Work with ACFC&WCD on improvements to the storm drain, flood control channel, and levee system to ensure that these systems continue to protect Newark neighborhoods and business districts from flooding.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.8
Sea-Level Rise.

Evaluate the effects of rising sea level on the potential for flooding in low-lying areas, and monitor sea-level rise modeling for anticipated impacts. Consider compounding impacts from sea-level rise, including storm surges and extreme tides.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.9 Regional Planning for Sea-Level Rise.

Participate in regional planning and adaptation efforts to address sea-level rise impacts to low-lying areas. Information on flood hazards related to sea-level rise should be used to ensure that flood risk is reduced.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.10
Wetlands Preservation. Protect wetlands and natural open space from development by creating setback and buffer zones, and increase awareness of natural flooding benefits provided by wetlands. Yes Yes SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.11
Green Infrastructure.

Identify green technologies and natural systems that can be incorporated into planning and development practices to address flooding hazards and provide community cobenefits.Yes Yes SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.12 Impervious Surfaces. Continue to identify opportunities for retrofitting impervious surfaces and increasing natural land cover to provide flooding mitigation and community co-benefits. Yes Yes SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Policy SAF4.13 Roadway Maintenance.

Identify risks to critical roadways and plan for the sustainable management and maintenance of roadways, prioritizing those that serve as evacuation routes and connect to essential services, emergency response, and critical facilities. Coordinate with surrounding local and regional agencies, including the County and ACFC&WCD, on roadway maintenance for stormwater and flooding mitigation.

No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.A Flooding Risk Studies.

Require new developments to assess flooding risks and identify measures that will reduce the risk of flooding and flooding impacts, including downstream impacts. Limit developments in low-lying areas within flood hazard zones. (Implements Policy SAF-4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; Policy SAF-4.3 Residential Development in the Flood Plain; Policy SAF-4.4 Non-Residential Development in the Flood Plain; and Policy SAF-4.6 Mitigating Downstream Flood Impacts)
No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.B Flood Insurance Rate Maps.

Maintain up-to-date Flood Insurance Rate Maps for use in planning and public works decisions. (Implements Policy SAF-4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; SAF-4.3 Residential Development in the Flood Plain; SAF-4.4 Nonresidential Development in the Flood Plain; and Policy SAF-4.6 Mitigating Downstream Flood Impacts) No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.C
Flood Prevention Code Provisions.

Enforce municipal code provisions for construction in flood hazard areas, and amend these provisions as needed to conform to National Flood Insurance Program criteria. (Implements Policy SAF-4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; Policy SAF-4.3 Residential Development in the Flood Plain; and Policy SAF-4.4 Non-Residential Development in the Flood Plain)
No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.D Design Standards Code Enhancements.

Update the City’s municipal code to add additional design standards for mitigation of downstream flood impacts, including green infrastructure and impervious surface best practices. (Implements Policy SAF-5.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; and Policy SAF-5.6 Mitigating Downstream Flood Impacts)
Yes Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.E Infrastructure Improvements.

Collaborate with ACFC&WCD to identify priorities for infrastructure improvements that can be budgeted in the upcoming CIPs to protect the community from potential flooding.

Prioritize maintenance of critical facilities and evacuation routes. (Implements Policy SAF4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; Policy SAF-4.5 Storm Drain Maintenance; Policy SAF4.7 Flood Control Improvements; Policy SAF-4.11 Green Infrastructure; Policy SAF-4.12 Impervious Surfaces; and Policy SAF-4.13 Roadway Maintenance) No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.F Review of Potential Flood Impacts.

Evaluate potential impacts of new development on the flood control system. Ensure that post-development runoff rates do not exceed the capacity of the flood control system using the environmental review process. (Implements Policy SAF-4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; Policy SAF-4.2 Maintaining Drainage Patterns; Policy SAF-4.3 Residential Development in the Flood Plain; Policy SAF-4.4 Non-Residential Development in the Flood Plain; and Policy SAF-4.6 Mitigating Downstream Flood Impacts) No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.GAlameda County Flood Control and
Water Conservation District Referrals.

Continue to refer projects in flood prone areas to the ACFC&WCD for review and comment. (Implements Policy SAF-4.3 Residential Development in the Flood Plain; Policy SAF-4.4 Non-Residential Development in the Flood Plain; and Policy SAF-4.7 Flood Control Improvements)
No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.HGreen Stormwater Infrastructure
Implementation.

Continue to track and report the implementation of the City’s Green Stormwater Infrastructure Plan and take additional green measures to address flooding hazards. (Implements Policy SAF-4.10 Green Infrastructure; and Policy SAF-4.11 Impervious Surfaces)
Yes Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.I Regional Collaboration.

Continue to collaborate with the ACFC&WCD, FEMA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and other regional and state agencies to assess risk and impacts from flooding, including sealevel rise. (Implements Policy SAF-4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; Policy SAF-4.7 Flood Control Improvements; Policy SAF-4.9 Regional Planning for Sea-Level Rise; and Policy SAF-4.13 Roadway Maintenance)
No Yes
SAF-4 A community with sustainable development practices that reduce risks to life and property associated with flooding.

Action SAF4.JClimate Action Planning for Sea-Level
Rise and Flooding.

In the update to the City’s Climate Action Plan include the latest data and best practices on flooding hazards and associated risks from climate change. Consider mitigation and adaptation efforts to reduce risk and impacts to the community from flooding hazards. (Implements Policy SAF-4.1 Planning to Avoid Flood Hazards; Policy SAF-4.8 Sea Level Rise; and Policy SAF-4.11 Green Infrastructure)
No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Policy SAF5.1 Dam Safety.

Advocate for dam safety and maintenance at the Calaveras, Del Valle, James H. Turner, Middlefield, and Patterson Dams and take the precautions necessary to protect Newark properties from related flood hazards in the event of dam failure.

No No
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Policy SAF5.2
Coordinate with USACE. Ensure ongoing monitoring of physical dam conditions in coordination with USACE. No Yes SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Policy SAF5.3
Critical Facilities and Services.

Ensure that public facilities and services in flooding and dam inundation zones (such as police and fire stations, and water and sewer facilities) are designed to maximize their resilience and ability to function during and after a flood event.

No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Policy SAF5.4 New Development.

Require development projects to submit hydrologic and drainage studies to ensure that new development in Newark is designed to mitigate for dam inundation and is not located within hazard zones.

No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Policy SAF5.5 Flooding Resource Education. Provide communities within dam inundation zones to access flood hazard mitigation and protection resources. No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Policy SAF5.6 Dam Failure in Emergency Plans. Ensure that city emergency response plans include contingencies for catastrophic dam failure. No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.A Hydrologic and Drainage Studies.

Require hydrologic and drainage studies for new development, and use these studies to identify measures and best practices that will reduce the risk of flooding and dam inundation. (Implements Policy SAF-5.4 New Development) No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.BFlood Insurance Awareness and
Coverage in Dam Inundation Zones.

Develop a public outreach program that informs property owners located in the dam inundation zones about voluntary flood insurance and increasing participation in the National Flood Insurance Program. (Implements Policy SAF-5.5 Flooding Resource Education)
No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.CAccessible Flooding Insurance
Resources.

Publicize the availability of flood insurance to Newark residents and business owners. (Implements Policy SAF-5.5 Flooding Resource Education) No Yes SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.DFlood Risk Disclosure for New
Development.

Require developments in the flooding and other high-risk inundation areas to disclose flood risks and identify appropriate flood mitigation actions for incorporation into project design. (Implements Policy SAF-5.4 New Development; and Policy SAF-5.5 Flooding Resource Education)
No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.EProtect Critical Facilities, Services, and Infrastructure.

Identify and implement cost-effective strategies to protect publicly-owned critical facilities in flooding and dam inundation zones. Cost-effective measures may involve a combination of engineering solutions, natural barriers, and community warning and education. Whenever possible, opt for solutions that serve multiple purposes. (Implements Policy SAF-5.1 Dam Safety; and Policy SAF-5.3 Critical Facilities and Services) No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.F Flood Prevention Strategies.

Assess and identify risks and prioritize facilities based on their vulnerability and importance. Evaluate electrical systems above potential flood levels to prevent water damage and ensure continued operation during floods. Enhance drainage systems to divert water away from critical facilities. Restrict new construction of critical facilities in flood-prone areas and considering relocating existing ones if feasible. (Implements Policy SAF-5.1 Dam Safety; and Policy SAF-5.3 Critical Facilities and Services) No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.GDam Failure Emergency Preparedness
and Evacuation.

Prepare dam failure inundation maps in order to determine emergency operation procedures and evacuation routes. These shall be included in all city emergency response plans. (Implements Policy SAF-5.1 Dam Safety; and Policy SAF-5.6 Dam Failure in Emergency Plans)
No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.HDam Zone Prevention and Protection
Strategies.

Implement early warning systems that can alert facility managers to evacuate or initiate emergency protocols. Regularly inspect dams and their safety features to ensure they are up to code and functional. Ensure that critical facilities have backup power sources that are elevated and protected from potential inundation. (Implements Policy SAF-5.1 Dam Safety; and Policy SAF-5.6 Dam Failure in Emergency Plans) No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.I Development Review.

Ensure development applications comply with all relevant building and safety codes, including those related to flooding and dam failure. (Implements Policy SAF-5.4 New Development)
No Yes
SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.J Code Updates. Revise construction codes and regulations to incorporate the latest information and technology related to dam failure. (Implements Policy SAF-5.4 New Development) No Yes SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.K
Dam Failure Evacuation Education. Distribute updated emergency evacuation plans for dam failure and inundation to residents. (Implements Policy SAF5.6 Dam Failure in Emergency Plans) No Yes SAF-5
A community protected from the risk of flood and dam
inundation hazards with reliable drainage infrastructure and flood-ready development practices.

Action SAF5.L
District Coordination.

Work with the ACWD to ensure the city is provided with current information regarding reservoir and dam safety, particularly for the Calaveras, Del Valle, James H. Turner, Middlefield, and Patterson Dams. (Implements Policy SAF-5.1 Dam Safety) No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Policy SAF6.1
Fire Hazard Reduction. Identify wildfire fuel reduction planning programs to reduce the quantity of flammable material in Newark, including in those areas in Newark adjacent to the San Francisco Bay. No Yes SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Policy SAF6.2 Interagency Coordination. The City shall coordinate with ACFD and neighboring fire agencies to plan for and coordinate future fire prevention and suppression needs. No Yes SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Policy SAF6.3 Adequacy of Access. Require adequate access and clearance for fire equipment, fire suppression personnel, and evacuation for new development. No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.A Landscape Protection.

Develop a jurisdiction-wide tree inventory and long-term tree management plan to increase tree canopy in urban areas and increase resilience to wildfire and extreme heatrelated hazards, including an outreach initiative encouraging Newark residents to conduct tree maintenance on private property. (Implements Policy SAF-6.1 Fire Hazard Reduction) Yes Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.B Community Education.

Launch a public awareness campaign as part of a broader emergency preparedness event to educate residents about fire-resistant landscaping and the importance of maintaining a defensible space around their homes. This could include school programs, workshops or online resources. (Implements Policy SAF-6.1 Fire Hazard Reduction) No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.C Climate Adaptation.

Integrate fire hazard reduction measures into the city's broader climate adaptation strategy in the next update of the Climate Action Plan, ensuring that actions are aligned with future climate projections and risks. (Implements Policy SAF-6.1 Fire Hazard Reduction)
No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.D Stormwater Management.

Implement effective stormwater management systems can help reduce flooding risks, which in turn can mitigate fire risks by maintaining moisture levels in soil and vegetation. (Implements Policy SAF-6.1 Fire Hazard Reduction)
No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.E Joint Training Exercises.

Conduct joint training exercises with ACFD and neighboring fire agencies to simulate various types of fire scenarios, including urban wildfires, to assess and improve the department's readiness and improve coordination. (Implements Policy SAF-6.2 Interagency Coordination)
No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.F Public Buildings and Spaces.

Conduct an audit of existing public buildings and spaces to ensure they meet fire safety standards, including standards for fire equipment access and personnel clearance. (Implements Policy SAF-6.2 Interagency Coordination and Policy SAF-6.3 Adequacy of Access)
No Yes
SAF-6 A city where life and property are protected from urban wildfire hazards.

Action SAF6.G Infrastructure Upgrades.

Identify and prioritize upgrades to roads and other infrastructure to ensure they can support the weight and size of fire equipment. (Implements Policy SAF-6.2 Interagency Coordination; and Policy SAF-6.3 Adequacy of Access)
No Yes
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.1 Earthquake Safety in New Construction. Continue to require new development to meet structural integrity standards which minimize the potential for damage during earthquakes. No No SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.2
Seismic Retrofits.

Continue to encourage the retrofitting of existing structures to reduce the potential for damage during earthquakes, especially on southern and western fringes of the city where ground shaking levels are higher.

No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.3 Earthquake Awareness. Inform Newark residents and businesses of specific steps they can take to reduce earthquake-related hazards. No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.4
Infrastructure Resilience. Maintain standards for roads and infrastructure that consider geologic hazards, including subsidence and liquefaction. No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.5
Evaluate Critical Facilities.

Work with private property owners of critical facilities that are prime targets for structural retrofits as identified in the MJHMP (e.g., churches, hotels, hospitals, other gathering facilities) to evaluate the ability of the buildings to withstand earthquakes and to address any deficiencies identified to improve earthquake safety.

No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.6
Evaluate Critical Public Facilities.

Evaluate public facilities that are critical to health and safety, including emergency response (e.g., police and fire stations, and water and sewer facilities) for their ability to withstand earthquakes, and prioritize addressing any deficiencies identified to improve earthquake safety.

No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Policy SAF7.7Require Geotechnical Investigation in
High-Risk Liquefaction Zones.

Require geological and geotechnical investigations in areas with high potential for earthquake-induced liquefaction as part of the environmental and development review process.

No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.AHomeowner Education on Earthquake
Safety.

Educate homeowners on the importance of retrofitting their homes for earthquake safety, particularly bolting of foundations where there are currently no connections between the foundation and frame. (Implements Policy SAF-7.3 Earthquake Awareness) No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.B Development Review.

Review all development applications to ensure their compliance with all relevant building and safety codes, including those related to geologic hazards. (Implements Policy SAF7.1 Earthquake Safety in New Construction)
No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.C Code Updates.

Annually review, and revise as necessary, construction codes and regulations to incorporate the latest information and technology related to geologic hazards, such as seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis, seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction. (Implements Policy SAF-7.1 Earthquake Safety in New Construction; and Policy SAF-7.4 Infrastructure Resilience) No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.D
Geotechnical Studies.

At the discretion of the Director of Public Works, continue to require detailed investigations of ground shaking, liquefaction, oil stability, and other geologic hazards as specific development projects are proposed. Such investigations shall be prepared by a qualified geologist or soils engineer, with appropriate mitigation measures identified and implemented. (Implements Policy SAF-7.1 Earthquake Safety in New Construction; and Policy SAF-7.7 Require Geotechnical Investigation in High-Risk Liquefaction Zones) No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.E
Geotechnical Staff Assistance.

As needed, retain outside consulting to assist City staff in conducting specialized evaluations of geotechnical and structural engineering issues. (Implements Policy SAF-7.1 Earthquake Safety in New Construction; and Policy SAF-7.7 Require Geotechnical Investigation in High-Risk Liquefaction Zones)
No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.F Mandatory Seismic Upgrades.

Implement a tiered system for mandatory seismic upgrades based on the building's age, use, and location. For example, critical facilities like hospitals and emergency response centers should be prioritized for immediate retrofitting, regardless of renovation plans. (Implements Policy SAF-7.5 Evaluate Critical Facilities; and Policy SAF-7.6 Evaluate Public Facilities)
No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.G Seismic Safety at Schools. Work with Newark Unified School District to enhance the seismic safety of all school facilities. (Implements Policy SAF-7.6 Evaluate Public Facilities) No No SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.HState-Licensed Professional for
Investigations.

Conduct an investigation by a State-licensed professional to identify the potential for liquefaction in areas within high-risk liquefaction zones. (Implements Policy SAF-7.7 Require Geotechnical Investigation in High-Risk Liquefaction Zones) No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.I Mapping Liquefaction Areas.

Prepare a map and priority listing identifying all areas subject to liquefaction and include the locations of critical facilities and infrastructure. This information can be used for public education awareness, for planning and public works projects, and for developing a warning system. (Implements Policy SAF-7.7 Require Geotechnical Investigation in HighRisk Liquefaction Zones) No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.J Interagency Coordination.

Establish a standing Interagency Coordination Committee comprising representatives from the Public Works Department, utility providers, and other relevant stakeholders. This committee will meet at least annually to review the latest geotechnical data and adjust strategies accordingly.(Implements Policy SAF-7.4 Infrastructure Resilience) No No
SAF-7
Reduced risks to life and property associated with
geologic hazards such as seismically induced surface
rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis,
seiches, dam failure, and liquefaction.

Action SAF7.K
Structural Retrofits.

Develop a public database that tracks the seismic resilience of both public and private critical facilities. Update this database annually and use it to guide grant applications and public-private partnerships aimed at funding the most urgent retrofitting projects. (Implements Policy SAF-7.2 Seismic Retrofits)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.1
Hazardous Materials Risk Reduction. Reduce the risk of hazardous materials accidents, spills, and vapor releases, and minimize the effects of such incidents if they occur. No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.2Hazardous Materials Source Reduction
and Recycling.

Undertake source reduction programs, recycling programs, and household hazardous waste reduction programs to reduce the quantity of hazardous waste generated in Newark and to ensure its safe disposal.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.3
Mutual Aid.

Improve mutual aid cooperation and coordination with other jurisdictions to ensure swift, effective response to hazardous materials incidents. Ongoing training should be provided to first responders to ensure readiness in the event of a hazardous materials incident.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.4Design and Construction of Hazardous
Materials Facilities.

Require that all facilities in which hazardous materials are used, handled, or stored are designed and constructed to minimize the possibility of environmental contamination and off-site impacts. The City will work with county, state, and federal agencies to ensure that such facilities are regularly inspected and that applicable regulations are enforced.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.5
Hazardous Materials Information.

Provide the means for Newark residents and businesses to obtain information about hazardous materials handling, storage, and regulations in the community, particularly for residents who reside in or within the vicinity of industrial areas along Willow Street, Central Avenue, Sycamore Street, and Cherry Street.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.6 Hazardous Materials Transport.

Seek to reduce the risk of accidents in the transportation of hazardous materials. The City will require compliance with all hazardous waste transport standards established by state and federal agencies.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.7
Containment of Contaminated Runoff.

Regulate land uses such as auto dismantling, waste disposal, gas stations, and industries in a manner that minimizes the potential for hazardous materials to enter groundwater, surface water, or storm drains.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.8 Waste Reduction Program.

Maintain a solid waste reduction and management program that is coordinated with and consistent with the countywide StopWaste.org program. The program should include regularly scheduled trash collection, compost and recycling collection, bulk waste and ewaste collection events, household hazardous materials disposal provisions, education and outreach to promote waste diversion, and other components that minimize landfilled waste.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.9Facility Use or Storage of Hazardous
Materials.

Require that all facilities storing, using, or otherwise involved with substantial quantities of on-site hazardous materials near sensitive uses comply with applicable codes and standards to reduce the risk of hazardous materials release due to a natural hazard.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.10Certified Unified Program Agency
(CUPA) Coordination.

Continue to work with the Alameda County Department of Environmental Health (ACDOEH) to administer and enforce state and federal hazardous materials regulations.

The ACDOEH is the CUPA for the City of Newark and enforces requirements for HMBPs, hazardous waste generator reporting, and underground storage tank removal and cleanup.

No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Policy SAF8.11 New Development. Review all new development applications to ensure their compliance with all relevant building and safety codes, including those related to hazardous materials release. No No SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.AHazardous Material Inventories and
Inspections.

In cooperation with the CUPA, inventory and regularly inspect those buildings and facilities in which hazardous materials accidents would pose a threat to the community.

Work with the owners to develop and implement programs for reducing risks associated with these buildings and facilities. (Implements Policy SAF-8.1 Hazardous Materials Risk Reduction; Policy SAF-8.4 Design and Construction of Hazardous Materials Facilities; and Policy SAF-8.10 Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Coordination) No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.B Zoning for Hazardous Materials.

Create a zoning standard or a zoning regulation that ensures safe distances (e.g., 1000 feet) between businesses using or emitting hazardous materials and sensitive uses, including but not limited to residential areas, schools, and hospitals. Consider proximity to earthquake and liquefaction areas when establishing zoning for hazardous materials. (Implements Policy SAF-8.4 Design and Construction of Hazardous Materials Facilities) No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.C Underground Tanks.

In cooperation with the CUPA, enforce State standards for the design, monitoring, and testing of underground storage tanks. (Implements Policy SAF-8.10 Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Coordination)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.D
Hazardous Materials Business Plans.

Continue to require the preparation of HMBPs for uses that will handle hazardous materials, including a complete inventory of materials by type, quantities, conditions of storage and transportation, an assessment of the potential hazards associated with the materials, steps to be taken to minimize risks, and outline actions to be taken in the event of a spill. (Implements Policy SAF-8.10 Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Coordination)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.E
Hazardous Materials Resources.

Provide links from the City's website to the websites of the county, state, and federal agencies that regulate hazardous materials. Distribute information about hazardous materials to businesses and residents. (Implements Policy SAF-8.5 Hazardous Materials Information)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.F Hazardous Materials Transport Routes.

Work with appropriate State and federal agencies to designate and periodically update official routes for the transportation of hazardous materials. (Implements Policy SAF-8.6 Hazardous Materials Transport)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.GHousehold Hazardous Waste Collection
Awareness.

Continue to work with Alameda County to publicize household hazardous waste collection events and provide Newark residents with information on safe disposal procedures for household waste such as paint, motor oil, and batteries. (Implements Policy SAF-8.2 Hazardous Materials Source Reduction and Recycling; and Policy SAF-8.5 Hazardous Materials Information)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.H Community Disclosure Laws.

Enforce community disclosure laws (e.g., Right to Know laws) that inform property owners of the presence of hazardous materials nearby. (Implements Policy SAF-8.5 Hazardous Materials Information)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.I
Phase I Assessments.

Continue to require a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment when a property is changed from an existing use to a more sensitive use (for example, industrial to residential). If potential hazardous materials issues are identified, ensure they are investigated and that sites are cleaned to regulatory agency standards prior to development. (Implements Policy SAF-8.9 Facility Use or Storage of Hazardous Materials; and Policy SAF-8.11 New Development)
No No
SAF-8 A community that protects residents and workers from the potential adverse effects of hazardous materials.

Action SAF8.JHazardous Building Materials
Abatement.

Incorporate hazardous building materials abatement provisions into building permit and development approvals. The City will continue to work with property owners to ensure remediation of hazardous building materials such as asbestos, lead, and mercury. (Implements Policy SAF-8.9 Facility Use or Storage of Hazardous Materials; and Policy SAF8.11 New Development) No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.1 Vehicle Roadway Noise.

Actively coordinate with Caltrans, neighboring jurisdictions, and other transportation providers during the planning and design phases of proposed roadway projects so that noise impacts are minimized and appropriate noise mitigation measures are provided.

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.2
Truck Noise. Establish, maintain, and enforce designated truck routes within the city to reduce noise from truck traffic near residential areas. No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.3
Public Transit Noise.

Coordinate with transit service providers in the planning and design of proposed transportation projects to incorporate noise-reduction technologies and operations processes both on a system-wide and vehicle specific basis. Technologies and processes should minimize noise impacts from public transportation systems, including existing and future bus service(s) and the proposed Dumbarton Rail system.

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.4
Railroad Noise.

Actively coordinate with Union Pacific, Caltrans, neighboring jurisdictions, and other transportation service providers during the planning and design of proposed rail-related projects so that noise impacts to the community are minimized and appropriate mitigation measures are provided.

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.5
Aviation Noise.

Actively coordinate with operators at Palo Alto Airport (PAO), Moffett Federal Airfield (NUQ), Hayward Executive Airport (HWD), and all local heliports so that take-off and landing procedures are prepared and implemented in a manner that minimizes noise impacts to the Newark community. Likewise, if changes to flight paths or transit routes from Oakland, San Francisco, or San Jose (Mineta) International Airports are proposed, the City should actively coordinate with airfield operators and the FAA so that future noise impacts from aircraft over-flights are minimized in the Newark community.

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.6
Construction Noise - Regulating
Construction Hours.

Reduce noise associated with construction activities by prohibiting construction in residential neighborhoods between the hours of 7 PM and 7 AM Monday through Friday and at all times on Saturdays, Sundays, and State/federal holidays.

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.7Construction Noise - Addressing
Sources of Construction Noise.

Reduce noise associated with construction activities by requiring properly maintained mufflers on construction vehicles, requiring the placement of stationary construction equipment as far as possible from developed areas, and requiring temporary acoustical barriers/ shielding to minimize construction noise impacts at adjacent receptors. Special attention should be paid to noise-sensitive receptors (including residential, hospital, school, and religious land uses).

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Policy SAF9.8
Domestic Noise.

Reduce the negative effects of domestic noise sources, such as residential maintenance activities (e.g. leaf blowers or automobile repair), car alarms, barking dogs, and loud music through the establishment and enforcement of municipal codes. The enforcement provisions should ensure that response(s) to resident noise complaints are prompt and effective so as to maintain a quiet and peaceful environment within the city.

No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.ANoise Ordinance - Limits on Noise
Levels.

Draft and adopt a Noise Ordinance that establishes acceptable noise levels and standards, as well as provisions for enforcement and penalties in the event these levels are exceeded. The Ordinance should include a requirement that no person shall be allowed to cause any noise beyond his/her property line that exceeds prescribed noise levels limits.

These limits should be consistent with and promote the implementation of the land use compatibility standards, as shown in Table SAF-5. (Implements Policy SAF-9.1 through Policy SAF-9.8)
No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.BNoise Ordinance - Limits on Hours of
Operation.

Draft the Noise Ordinance (described in Action SAF6.A above) to include limits on the intensity and hours of use for selected noise sources such as construction equipment, manufacturing equipment, motors, delivery trucks, and parking lot vacuum equipment.

Limits on hours of operation should be consistent with and achieve the goals of the land use compatibility standards (as shown in Table SAF-5). (Implements Policy SAF-9.1 through Policy SAF-9.8)
No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.C Railroad Quiet Zones.

Explore the feasibility of creating railroad “Quiet Zones" in existing and planned residential areas along the UP right-of-way per Federal Rail Administration rules and procedures. (Implements Policy SAF-9.4 Railroad Noise)
No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.D
Motor Vehicle Code Enforcement.

Request that the California Highway Patrol actively enforce the California Vehicle Code sections relating to adequate vehicle mufflers and modified exhaust systems to limit vehicle noise emissions. Likewise, the City of Newark Police Department should be trained and equipped to properly enforce all local and state ordinances related to excessive vehicle noise emissions. (Implements Policy SAF-9.1 Vehicle Roadway Noise; Policy SAF9.2 Truck Noise; and Policy SAF-9.3 Public Transit Noise) No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.E Street Resurfacing to Reduce Noise.

Conduct regular maintenance and resurfacing of city streets to reduce road noise due to potholes, grade irregularities, and uneven surfaces. Additionally, explore the feasibility of using ‘quiet’ paving materials or techniques to reduce road noise at the tire-surface interface. (Implements Policy SAF-9.1 Vehicle Roadway Noise) No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.F Reducing Noise from City Operations.

Periodically review City operations procedures and timing to ensure that noise from refuse collection, street sweeping, outdoor recreational programs, and other activities has been reduced to the lowest practical level. (Implements Policy SAF-9.8 Domestic Noise) No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.G Reducing Noise from City Equipment.

If feasible, purchase new municipal equipment and vehicles which comply with noise level performance standards based upon the best available noise reduction technologies. (Implements Policy SAF-9.8 Domestic Noise)
No No
SAF-9
Maintain the peace and quiet of Newark neighborhoods
and promote and environment where noise does not
adversely affect sensitive land uses.

Action SAF9.H Sound Wall Improvements.

Work with Caltrans to enhance and supplement the benefits of sound walls in residential areas along I-880 and SR-84. The coordination should be aimed at determining where improvements to these walls may further reduce noise impacts to nearby neighborhoods.

Appropriate cost vs. benefit assessments should be part of this coordination and alternative funding sources should be explored. (Implements Policy SAF-9.1 Vehicle Roadway Noise)
No No
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.1 Complete Circulation System.

Provide for a traffic circulation system that assures the City's capacity to deliver emergency services. This should include measures to ensure that all areas of the city can be accessed by emergency vehicles in the event a grade-level railroad crossing is blocked or otherwise inaccessible.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.2 Awareness of Preparedness Programs. Increase public awareness of City emergency preparedness programs and resources, including the CERT program. No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.3
Hazard Awareness.

Promote public awareness of hazards, along with the resources available to help homeowners make their homes safer and be better prepared for an emergency.

Individuals and businesses should have access to up-to-date information that allows them to collaborate with regional agencies and community-based organizations to expand communications, to improve hazard preparation and response, and to be able to make informed decisions about potential safety hazards and the level of risk they are willing to accept.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.4Standard Emergency Management
System (SEMS) Plan.

In cooperation with the ACFD, maintain and regularly update emergency plans for floods, earthquakes, fires, hazardous materials, and other disasters. Plans should be consistent with SEMS protocol.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.5 Interagency Coordination.

Cooperate with other public agencies, nearby cities, community groups, and private enterprise in developing comprehensive disaster preparedness, assistance, and postdisaster recovery plans in order to maximize mutual aid response.No Yes SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.6 Utility Resilience.

Work with local gas, electric, cable, water, sewer, and other utility providers to maintain their facilities and ensure their ability to function (or be quickly restored) during and following a disaster.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.7 Utilize Technology.

Support the use of communication technologies to transmit information to other agencies and the public during emergencies, including: (1) Nixle emergency alert system. (2) Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). (3) Social media operated by Alameda County Fire Department, Newark Police Department and other public safety agencies and municipalities. (4) Other systems to provide outreach to residents without telephone or Internet service.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.8 Expanding Outreach. Ensure that emergency preparedness information is available in multiple languages, consistent with Newark’s demographics. No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.9
Critical Facilities.

Ensure that public facilities that are critical to health and safety (such as police and fire stations, and water and sewer facilities) are designed to maximize their resilience and ability to function during and after a natural disaster.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.10 Evacuation Planning.

Using the methodology and conclusions from the Evacuation Planning analysis in Appendix B, consider the following when formalizing potential or imminent evacuation routes: (1) Increasing capacity through the use of contraflow lanes or shoulders. (2) Managed traffic control, including turn restrictions and route or ramp closures, to maximize outflows from evacuation areas. (3) Faster clearing of fire-induced road closures. (4) Prohibiting or restricting street parking on high hazard days. (5) Continually improving communication systems and strategies that improve disaster alerts. (6) Instigating dynamic route guidance and monitoring. (7) Phase evacuations. (8) Vehicle volume reduction during evacuations, such as encouraging household to use only one vehicle to evacuate. (9) Close monitoring of power issues that could affect traffic signals and slow down evacuations.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.11
Resident Evacuation. To improve emergency preparedness, inform residents of shelter locations and evacuation routes and procedures for storing or taking valued items before large-scale evacuations. No Yes SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.12Residential Care and Assisted Living
Facility Planning.

Require all residential care and assisted living facilities to produce an emergency action plan, to ensure these facilities are well prepared for a disaster and have alternative access plan and evacuation routes to protect the vulnerable during a disaster.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.13
Private Sector Collaboration. Encourage the involvement of the private sector in disaster response and post-disaster recovery efforts. No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.14 First Responder Collaboration. Continue to collaborate with ACFD and Newark Police Department to ensure effective response and quick recovery following an incident. No Yes SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Policy SAF10.15Natural Hazards Education
Programming & Events.

Establish a natural hazards public education program and events to develop comprehensive public outreach for emergency preparedness during natural hazards and implementing risk reduction strategies for Newark residents.

No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.ACapital Improvements to Improve
Emergency Response.

Update the City’s capital improvements program as needed to include railroad grade separations, traffic signal overrides, and other improvements that will expedite emergency response. (Implements Policy SAF-10.1 Complete Circulation System; Policy SAF-10.3 Hazard Awareness; and Policy SAF- 10.5 Interagency Coordination) No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.B Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Updates.

Continue to support and actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in the Union City – Newark Hazard Mitigation Plan. (Implements Policy SAF-10.1 through Policy SAF- 10.11)
No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.C Emergency Operation Planning.

Evaluate and update the City’s Emergency Operations Plan to ensure that it is up to date with new legislation, technology and communication protocol, and realworld conditions. (Implements Policy SAF-10.1 through Policy SAF-10.11)
No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.D Emergency Response Training. Mandate regular emergency response training exercises for Newark City employees. (Implements Policy SAF-10.5 Interagency Coordination) No Yes SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.E Emergency Facilities.

Identify specific facilities and lifelines critical to effective disaster response, and evaluate their ability to operate efficiently after a major disaster. Require all critical facilities to produce an emergency action plan, to ensure these facilities are well prepared for a disaster and are accessible during emergencies. Designate alternative facilities for postdisaster assistance in the event that primary facilities become unusable. Take appropriate actions to ensure that critical services and facilities return to normal levels of operation as soon as possible after a disaster. (Implements Policy SAF-10.9 Critical Facilities; and Policy SAF-10.11 Residential Evacuation)
No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.F
CERT Teams. Continue CERT training programs and expand public awareness of these programs. (Implements Policy SAF-10.2 Awareness of Preparedness Programs) No Yes SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.G Multilingual Emergency Outreach.

Work with the cultural institutions serving Newark's non-English speaking communities to ensure that information is communicated to all residents. Outreach programs also should be designed to reach seniors and persons with disabilities, including those with hearing or sight impairments. (Implements Policy SAF-10.6 Utility Resilience) No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.H Comprehensive Outreach.

Utilize existing platforms – including the City’s webpage, social media, regular events, and meetings – to disseminate information and resources for resilience against natural disasters, including poor air quality days, environmental pollution events, wildfire, earthquakes, and flooding. Develop materials to inform community members of public health risks from extreme heat, particularly for sensitive populations. (Implements Policy SAF-10.2 Awareness of Preparedness Programs; Policy SAF-10.6 Utility Resilience; and Policy SAF-10.7 Utilize Technology)
No Yes
SAF-10 Fast, efficient, and coordinated response to natural and man-made emergencies and disasters.

Action SAF10.I
Natural Hazards Awareness Week.

Collaborate and work with city departments and public service providers such as the Department of Public Works and the Alameda County Fire District to implement hazard awareness, education, and preparation programming such as a Natural Hazards Awareness Week for Newark residents and businesses to learn about natural hazards, risk, and risk reduction strategies. (Implements Policy SAF-10.13 Private Sector Collaboration)
No Yes
ACTION # ACTION ISSUE/BACKGROUND PROJECT DETAILS GHG REDUCTION? ADAPTATION? 1 Integrate Local Hazard Mitigation Plan into Safety
Element of General Plan
Local jurisdictional reimbursement for mitigation
projects and cost recovery after a disaster is guided
by Government Code Section 8685.9 (AB 2140).

Specifically, this section requires that each
jurisdiction adopt a LHMP in accordance with the
federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 as part of the
Safety Element of its General Plan. Adoption of the
LHMP into the Safety Element of the General Plan
may be by reference or incorporation.

N/A No Yes
2 Enhance Public Education and Awareness of Natural
Hazards and Public Understanding of Disaster
Preparedness
The City plays a key role in public outreach/education
efforts to communicate the potential risk and
vulnerability of their community to the effects of
natural hazards. A comprehensive multi-hazard
public education program will better inform the
community of natural hazards of concern and actions
the public can take to be better prepared for the next
natural disaster event.

A comprehensive multi-hazard outreach program will ascertain both broad and targeted educational needs throughout the community. The City will work other agencies as appropriate to develop timely and consistent annual outreach messages in order to communicate the risk and vulnerability of natural hazards of concern to the community.

This includes measures the public can take to be better prepared and to reduce the damages and other impacts from a hazard event. The public outreach effort will leverage and build upon existing mechanisms, will include elements to meet the objectives of Goal 3 of this LHMP Update, and will consider: (1) Using a variety of information outlets, including websites, local radio stations, news media, schools, and local, public sponsored events; (2) Creating and distributing (where applicable) brochures, leaflets, water bill inserts, websites, and public service announcements; (3) Displaying public outreach information in County office buildings, libraries, and other public places and events; (4) Developing public-private partnerships and incentives to support public education activities.

No Yes
3 Continuously adopt the most current building standards and include appendices to mitigate hazards such as but
not limited to Floods, Wildfires, and Earthquake.

The building construction standards are updated and
forced to adopt the plain standards, by adopting
certain appendices that help mitigate special hazards
such and WUI, Flood, Resource protection we can
strengthen the resiliency in the community.

By ordinance and council approval adopt the most current edition of the state adopted construction standards with appendices that mitigate hazards, every three years and 90 days prior to forced adoption.

No Yes
4 Hardening and Retrofit of Existing Facilities
Currently some of the Facilities owned by Newark are
going through an assessment and study on reusability
and need as to functions. Some of the structures
need updating and retrofitting for earthquake as well
as mitigation of flooding and accessibility.

Facilities Assessment to verify the need of the facilities along with the number of upgrades and retrofitting required for continued use of the facility. Facility Master Plan to be completed in 2024.

No Yes
5 Critical Facilities Back-Up Power
Some critical facilities, including Fire Station Nos. 27 and 29, require upgrades to back-up power systems.

Additional needs are anticipated to be identified with
the Facilities Master Plan document currently being
prepared.

This project provides a final evaluation and implementation of back-up power system upgrades at all City-owned critical facilities. Initial evaluations are to be provided through the current Facilities Master Plan. Prior system inspections and evaluations have been completed for the initial phase of implementation currently underway.

No Yes
6 Update and enhance the GIS data systems and mapping
for water-related climate hazards / Mapping WaterRelated Climate Hazards GIS systems have not been updated and datasets are
not current. Update datasets with current GIS hazards data. No Yes Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update, Annex B - City of Newark (January 2024) Does the policy address or overlap with:
7 Sea Level Rise Resiliency Plan
The City of Newark has not yet prepared a
comprehensive document to analyze the potential
impacts of sea level rise and the development of
mitigation options to ensure resiliency against those
impacts.

Preparation of a complete Sea Level Rise Resiliency Plan to analyze potential short- , medium- and long-term impacts of seal level rise on the Newark community and the development of potential mitigation measures for all such impacts. The project includes identification of stakeholders to partner with at various government levels and development of policies and objectives for comprehensive local and regional solutions.

No Yes
8 Maintain good standing under NFIP and create public
outreach program and awareness
NFIP requires specific rules to be followed to
maintain good standing, updating our currently
adopted construction within the flood plain will keep
us aligned to the rules and regulations with NFIP and
if we adopt appendix G of the California Building
Code (CBC) we can even look to become a CRS
community.

Update our current flood plain construction ordinance to meet the goals of the NFIP and allow Newark to apply for CRS if Newark so chooses. No Yes 9 Partner with Alameda County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District (ACFCD) to identify mitigation
option for various projects
The ACFCD owns and maintains the flood control
systems that run through the City. The ACFCD
maintains the flood control systems to ensure that
the systems continue to protect residents from
floods.

Staff will coordinate with the ACFCD to identify mitigations to increase flood protection for Newark residents. No Yes
10 Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation
Water District (ACFCWCD) Line H and Line I
Improvements
Line H and Line I are two flood control systems
owned and maintained by ACFCWCD that run
through City of Newark. The 100-year flood event (1%
annual chance flood) for Line H and the 500-year
flood event (0.2% annual chance flood) for Line I are
not contained within the channel. The homes
adjacent to Line H and Line I are at flooding risk as a result of the flood events not being contained in the
channels.

Staff will coordinate with ACFCWCD to identify mitigations for Line H and Line I to increase flood protection for the homes adjacent to these lines. No Yes 11 Install storm drainage improvements at Lindsay Tract Lindsay Tract encompasses George Avenue between
Sycamore Street and Cherry Street, Magnolia Street
between Diary Avenue and Sycamore Street, Olive
Street between Dairy Avenue and its northern cul-desac terminus, and Mulberry Street between Dairy Avenue and its norther cul-de-sac terminus. Portions
of these streets do not have underground storm
drain piping systems to convey street runoff. Street
drainage is reliant on surface street gradients to drain to the nearest curb inlets. Additionally, lack of curb
and gutter improvements contribute to localized
flooding of these streets during heavy rain events.

Installation of storm drain improvements, which includes installation of underground storm drain conveyance systems, curb and gutter to reduce the runoff ponding on the street surface.

No Yes
12 Develop a Storm Drain Master Plan
Heavy rain events during the winter months lead to
localized flooding due to inefficiencies and
restrictions in the system. An analysis will provide
information to help identify mitigations.

Development of a Stormwater Master Plan will analyze the conditions of the City’s existing storm drain system, performance, and operations. The results of the analysis will determine deficiencies in the system that will help in prioritizing improvements and eliminate the deficiencies and localized flooding.

No Yes
13 Complete railroad overcrossing at Central Avenue
Provide an overcrossing at Central Avenue to prevent
isolation during seismic event or substantial train
derailment. There is currently no east-west grade
separation structure in Newark.

Construction of a 942 feet 4-lane bridge with 7-span overhead structures over the existing Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) train tracks on Central Avenue. No No 14 Replace Eucalyptus Groves with non-hazardous tree
species
The City of Newark owns and maintains two separate
groves of eucalyptus trees totaling approximately 5
acres. Eucalyptus trees are non-native species that
can be subject to failure to severe weather events,
particularly windstorms. Although wildfires are not
common in the Newark area, these groves present a
potential hazard if a local wildfire is encountered.

A phased program to remove remaining large stands of eucalyptus trees at Sisk Grove, Jarvis Grove and at other City parks and streets is underway. Development of Sisk Grove for larger scale recreational uses is part of a long-term specific plan. Jarvis Grove may be considered for commercial uses at some time in the future. It's has a General Plan/Zoning designation of Conservation/Open Space. if the City wants to get rid of this land, it has to be offered to affordable housing developers first, per state law.

No Yes
15 Urban Forest Master Plan development
The City has not previously developed a complete
Urban Forest Master Plan. Current planning and
program documents are outdated and do not provide
a clear vision for the City’s future urban forest. Efforts have been made to reduce hazards associated with
certain tree species, but a comprehensive plan is
needed for Citywide pruning and maintenance, and
to encourage proper tree maintenance on private
properties.

Preparation of a complete Urban Forest Master Plan that includes an analysis and recommendations of City policies, ordinance, and documents; assessment of the City’s tree planting and maintenance programs; updated tree inventory for parks, streets and private property; identification and inclusion of local stakeholders; outreach to private property tree owners; reductions of hazards associated with trees.

Yes Yes
ACTION TYPE ACTION # ACTION DETAILS GHG REDUCTION? ADAPTATION? Municipal 3.1 Cool Roofs
As stated in the introduction, hard surfaces in an urban area contribute to the heat island effect. Roofs made of reflective material help reduce the head island effect and contribute to improving the energy efficiency of the building. When inquiring about the cost difference between cool roofs and traditional roofs, most roofing contractors have stated that there is not a price difference now that the cool roof materials are readily available. Short Term – 1. City Hall-Public Works Annex install cool roof in 2009-2010 budget cycle. Medium Term1.

Consider cool roofs for all municipal building roof replacement projects. Long Term1. Include in the Municipal Building Green Ordinance that all municipal building roofs must be cool roofs.

Yes Yes
Municipal 3.2 Energy Efficient HVAC
Short Term – 1. Install Phase I of the Community Center 5-year HVAC Replacement Plan Appendix E. The City received Community Development Block Grant (CDBGR) and American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding to install the two package units in the two rental halls. A majority of the Community Center is going to be closed for use beginning in 2010; all of the building except the daycare annex and the weekend rental of the two halls. The modifications to the Community Center’s HVAC and use are estimated to save 100 metric tons of eCO2 annually. 2. Senior Center Closure- eliminates HVAC energy use for the building. This closure is estimated to save 78 metric tons of eCO2 annually. Although both of these closures are considered temporary, the immediate emissions reductions will count towards our short-term reduction goals. Medium Term – 1. Analyze all HVAC units being used in the City and plan for replacement with more efficient units at the time of replacement need. a. City Hall b. Service Center c. Fire Stations 1, 2 and 3 2. Implement HVAC options indicated in the Comprehensive Energy Analysis and Strategic Plan: Silliman Activity and Family Aquatic Center – Appendix C. Long Term – 1.

As part of the Municipal Building Green Ordinance, require all HVAC units be of a high level efficiency or are powered by green means.

Yes No
Municipal 3.3 Solar Lighting
Solar power is a fast developing technology. Solar powered lighting needs full exposure to the sun. Short Term – 1. Install Pedestrian Lights at Lakeshore Park. Two (2) lights will be installed as a sample project funded by the ARRA grant. Medium Term – 1. Prepare a report called the Solar Lighting Plan that documents a monitoring period of the lighting at Lakeshore Park to monitor the success/failure and determines locations throughout the City where similar solar lighting could replace other area lights. 2. Pursue funding opportunities for additional lights at Lakeshore Park. Long Term1. Install solar lights in the areas determined in the Solar Lighting Plan.

Yes No
Municipal 3.4 Cool Pavements
As with cool roofs, cool pavements help reduce the heat island effect. The City has 24.7 million square feet of paved streets. Short Term – 1.

Continue to use slurry seal that fades to gray. Medium Term - 1. Continue to monitor research on cool pavements. 2. Write a report that specifically applies the ideas presented in the EPA Cool Pavements Study-Task 5 report to the City of Newark and includes cost comparisons.

Long Term - 1. Develop a policy on cool pavements.

Yes Yes
Municipal 3.5 CNG Report Recommendations
The Change Maintenance Fleet to CNG report (Appendix B) discusses options for alternative fuels and concludes that CNG is a good interim solution for the next 20 to 30 years, but the long-term solution is electric vehicles. The electric vehicle technology is still developing and we do not recommend moving in that direction until the technology has been proven. Short Term - 1. Continue to research grant opportunities to upgrade the current CNG fuel station. 2. Submit a capital improvement project request that will propose to upgrade the current CNG station with an improved compressor and additional stations. 3. Review each vehicle’s potential to be replaced with a comparable CNG vehicle when they require replacement per the Equipment Replacement List. 4. Secure grant funding for upgrading gasoline/diesel vehicles replaced with CNG vehicles. Medium Term – 1. Begin an information campaign to show Newark citizens the City’s CNG vehicles and what CNG options are available to them. 2. Continue to follow the progress of LNG and Plug-in research. Long Term – 1. Once technology has been proven, start purchasing electric vehicles at the time of replacement for vehicles.

Yes No
City of Newark - Climate Action Plan (January 2010) Does the policy address or overlap with:

Municipal 3.6 Silliman Center Strategic Plan
Recommendations
The Comprehensive Energy Analysis and Strategic Plan: Silliman Activity and Family Aquatic Center Report (Appendix C) was prepared to determine cost effective measures to improve the facility’s energy efficiency. The report contains twelve (12) energy conservation measures (ECMs) and two (2) renewable generation options. The report contains a cost analysis with simple payback for each measure and a discussion on financing options. Measures are planned to be implemented as funding becomes available, not with financing. Short Term1.

Pursue grant opportunities to implement measures indicated in the report. 2. Implement ECMs 9 & 10; use existing EMS to reduce peak HVAC load during summer months. This measure will reduce eCO2 by about 2 metric tons per year. The measure is estimated to cost $1,600.3. As budget allows, install ECM 13; install variable frequency drives (VFD) on the pool filtration system. This measure will reduce eCO2 by about 34 metric tons per year. The measure is estimated to cost $23,704. Medium Term1. Propose CIP to install ECMs for lighting modifications. Long Term- 1. Implement all remaining ECMs.

Yes No
Municipal 3.7
Commuter/Alternative Work
Schedules/Work from Home Programs for
City Employees
This action aims to get City employees to avoid driving to work alone. Other agencies provide BART tickets, bus passes or commuter checks which reimburse for public transit commuting options. Short Term1. Evaluate a plan based on job functions and cost considerations. Plan shall consider incentives for walking and biking to work. Medium Term1. Implement program per the evaluation. Long Term1. Monitor effectiveness and benefits of program.

Yes No
Municipal 3.8
Explore Options in Developing a CarSharing and/or Bike Sharing Program for City Employees.

Several Bay Area municipalities have established car- and bike-sharing programs. Programs provide cars or bikes for around town transportation or for one-way trips. Analysis for a possible program would have to include research on the needs of employees. Appropriate demand to establish a program may require partnering with other local businesses. Short Term1. Community Development will continue to research programs to determine a type of program appropriate for Newark. Medium Term- 1. Prepare program analysis to determine participation and collaboration needs. Long Term- 1. If determined feasible, implement program based on analysis. 2. Evaluate program effectiveness.

Yes No
Municipal 3.9.1 New City Hall Site Should Take into
Consideration Transit Availability As part of the long-term planning effort for a new City Hall building, staff will consider transit availability. Yes No

3.9.2 New City Hall Site Should Take into
Consideration Green Construction and
Functionality
During design and construction of a possible new City Hall building, engineers and architects must consider green building methods. Yes No

3.9.3 Water Conservation
As part of the planning for a possible new City Hall building, the planners should consider water conservation measures. The City uses approximately 68 million gallons of water a year at a cost of $234,000. As stated in the introduction of this report, to deliver a gallon of water it takes about 4 watt-hours in California. As part of the budget cuts, the City will be eliminating watering of 3 neighborhood parks. This will reduce emissions from water delivery by 26 eCO2. Short Term1. Approve CIP to install drought tolerate landscaping to replace turf in medians on Thornton Avenue and in front of the existing City Hall. These projects will provide examples of drought tolerant landscaping for residents. 2. Consider further water reducing and letting plant material die. Medium Term1. New City Hall site should take into consideration using reclaimed water for landscape irrigation. Long Term1. Implement policy that requires all City landscaping to be drought tolerant. 2. Only install turf for play fields. 3. Possible new City Hall building shall implement water conservation measure within the building and in the landscape and exterior design.

Yes Yes
Municipal 3.10
In 2012 the City Can Negotiate into the
Garbage Collection Contract an
Alternative Fuel Requirement, Strongly
Encouraging CNG or Locally Produced
LNG.

Short Term – 1. Inform the City’s garbage collection contractor of the City’s greenhouse gas emission reduction goals; and express interest in the contractor’s ability to partner with the City in achieving these goals. 2. Educate ourselves on the green practices of garbage collection contractors. Medium Term – 1. Negotiate an alternative fuel requirement, strongly encouraging CNG or locally produced LNG, into the City’s garbage collection contract. Long Term – 1. Regularly evaluate the contract, and strengthen language as reasonable. 2. Use this contract language as a template for other contracts wherever possible.

Yes No
Municipal 3.11 Streetlight Energy Reduction.

Continue to research energy reduction options for street lighting, including LED and reduced use. Short Term - 1. Complete Street Lighting report. 2. Publish Street Lighting report. (will be added to this CAP as a future Appendix) 3. Continue to monitor sample LED installed on main City street. 4. Install an additional LED sample in a residential setting. 5. Continue to monitor other jurisdictions’ demonstration projects. Medium Term – 1. Collect feedback and continue to monitor performance of sample LEDs. 2. Keep up-to-date on the latest technology and performance tests for LEDs. 3. Research grant and other funding opportunities. Long Term- 1. Change City Streetlights to reduced energy type.

Yes No
Municipal 3.12 Prepare Energy Conservation Plans for All City Buildings and Implement the Plans.

Short Term1. Identify buildings in need of plans and determine which can be completed in-house and which need a consultant’s expertise.

Medium Term- 1. Prepare plans or initiate RFP process. Long Term- 1. Implement plans. Yes No Municipal 3.13 Municipal Green Building Ordinance
Short Term 1. Monitor the outcomes of discussions regarding legality of ordinances that require more stringent elements than the Building Code and our current Green Building Ordinance. 2. Participate in county and region-wide efforts that aim to achieve consistency in local jurisdictions’ Municipal Green Building Ordinances. Long Term- 1. Strengthen our Green Building Ordinance as it relates to Municipal Buildings, as appropriate or create a stand alone Municipal Buildings Ordinance.

Yes No
Municipal 3.14 Zero Waste for the City Operations
Waste diversion is another action that reduces emissions with auxiliary benefits, such as decreasing the size of the landfills, reusing materials instead of depleting resources and produces nutrient rich compost to replenish planted soils. Short Term- 1. Participate in the effort to accomplish the current goal of 75% diversion in 2015. Medium Term- 1. Develop a plan to reach a zero waste level for municipal operations. Long Term 1. Implement Zero Waste Plan for municipal operations.

Yes No
Municipal 3.15 Adopt Environmentally Friendly
Purchasing Policy
Short Term – 1. Continue to work with stopwaste.org consultants to produce a model policy. Medium Term – 1. Adopt an Environmentally Friendly Purchasing Policy. 2. Disseminate and discuss the policy with all applicable employees. Long Term – 1. Monitor the effectiveness of the policy and suggest revisions as needed.

Yes No
Municipal 3.16 Update Tree Management Policy to
include Carbon Discussion
A healthy urban forest has several benefits, including: ► Reducing the energy consumption associated with air conditioned buildings by providing shade ► Reducing local ambient temperatures by shading paved and dark colored surfaces like streets and parking lots that absorb and store energy rather than reflecting it ► Intercepting and storing rainwater, thereby reducing water runoff volume Trees also provide a GHG reduction benefit through a process called carbon sequestration. A single mature tree can absorb as much as 48 lbs. of carbon dioxide per year. Medium Term – 1. Add carbon discussion to Tree Management Policy.

Yes Yes
Municipal 3.17
Conduct Brown Bag Lunch Trainings for
Employees to Educate Employees About
GHG Reductions
Short Term – 1. Develop desired learning outcomes and curriculum for training. 2. Work with the City’s Human Resources Department to schedule employee training. 3. Work with business partners to provide GHG reduction-related freebies and other incentives to attract employee participation. Medium Term – 1. Offer training to all employees; aim for 80% non-sworn personnel participation. 2. Consider a contest or other activity to keep employees motivated to learn about and implement additional GHG reduction actions. Long Term – 1. Offer additional trainings to update employees on the City’s GHG reduction efforts. 2. Encourage and allow employees the opportunity to peer educate.

Yes No
Residential 4.1 Personal Climate Action Plans
Just as the City has prepared this Climate Action Plan, each citizen can also create a personal plan. Sites such as www.green.yahoo.com can help individuals evaluate their carbon footprint and offer ideas on how to reduce their emissions. Understanding where emissions come from and being informed of the simple acts that can reduce those emissions is the basis for individuals to participate in emission reductions.

Yes No
Residential 4.2 Encourage use of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs)
Relatively speaking, municipal governments have limited opportunity to affect the technological improvements necessary to increase vehicle fuel efficiency and to lower the carbon content of fuels. But as residents, employees, business owners, city officials, students, etc., we affect our community’s average fuel efficiency whenever we make a choice regarding the type of vehicle to drive (if we must drive at all). The role of city government and community-based agencies is to promote and provide incentives for low and zero-emissions vehicles as well as create the infrastructure necessary to support low carbon forms of transportation. The state and federal governments also have an important role to play. For example, the Pavley Bill (AB 1493, became state law in 2002) would require significant fuel efficiency improvements in automobiles sold in California and therefore have a direct impact on community-level greenhouse gas emissions. Under the Pavley Bill, the average motor vehicle in 2020 could be expected to emit approximately 16 percent fewer GHG emissions compared with today’s average automobile. Whether a result of the Pavley Bill, a new piece of state or federal level legislation, or a combination of outreach and incentives at the community level, improved fuel efficiency requirements and the utilization of low-carbon fuels (including electricity) are necessary pieces of the puzzle for our community’s GHG reduction targets. However, the City and its partners and citizens must ensure that low-carbon fuels such as bio-diesel are produced in a manner that does not have negative effects on food supply and that is shown to actually create a GHG reduction benefit when analyzed from a lifecycle perspective.

Yes No
Residential 4.3 Energy Conservation
Using less energy is the most direct way to save energy. A personal climate action plan can help citizens recognize where they could easily reduce their energy use. Action Item 4.3.1 As part of other outreach programs, prepare information on common ways to use less energy.

Action Item 4.3.2 Connect residents with private and public assistance programs, such as weatherization, PG&E, Energy Star, and Green Packages Action Item 4.3.3 Continue to partner with Alameda County, stopwaste.org, and other California agencies to provide energy assessment and recommendation services and incentives to Newark residents Yes Yes
Residential 4.4 CaliforniaFirst Program
The City is participating in the development of a state-wide program to provide another financing option for homeowners to install energy efficiency measures on their homes. This program is in conjunction with the California Statewide Communities Development Authority and CaliforniaFirst program. Sacramento County has taken the lead in pursuing California Energy Program grant funding to create and administer the program. Stopwaste.org will be the local lead agency, providing all participating Alameda County cities with the action framework.

Yes No
Residential 4.5 Increase Residential Recycling and
Composting
The City of Newark has already set a goal of 75% diversion of waste by 2015. The ultimate goal will be 100% diversion. Residents must make choices to use their recycle and green bins as efficiently as possible and they must make choices to purchase items that can be recycled or composted.

Yes No
Residential 4.6 Water Conservation
As discussed earlier in this report, distribution of water requires about 4 watt-hrs per gallon. Water conservation saves energy and helps with the drought problem the State has been facing for the last several years. Action Item 4.6.1 Research incentive programs for removing water intensive plants and replacing with drought tolerant plants. Action Item 4.6.2 Outreach regarding drought tolerant landscapes.

Yes Yes
Residential 4.7 StopWaste.org Green Packages
RC Action Item 4.4 discusses one of the financing options for homeowners to install energy efficient measures on their homes. Bay Area residents and property owners can use the guidelines that Stopwaste.org is creating to determine which measures are appropriate for their homes. The Green Packages can be used independently of the financing opportunity. Action Item 4.7.1 Continue to be serve on the Technical Advisory Group of the Green Packages Program. Action Item 4.7.2 Use the City website and other communication avenues to market the Green Packages Program to residents Action Item 4.7.3 Consider adding the Green Packages standards and specifications to this document when published.

Yes No
Residential 4.8 Multi-family Building Owners Assistance Action Item 4.8.1 Encourage participation in and educate the multi-family unit property owners of the Green Points Rated (up to three unit apartments) and LEED (four or more units) certification programs Action Item 4.8.2 If funded, refer owners to the regional Multifamily Green Retrofit Fund for loan assistance to help pay for energy and water reduction capital purchases Action Item 4.8.3 Partner with owners to encourage their residents’ participation in planned residential actions Yes Yes
Business
Community 5.1
Encourage Businesses to Prepare and
Make Public a Climate Action Plan for
their Company
As with the municipal and personal Climate Action Plans, a business can take inventory of their emissions and review their operations for opportunities to reduce GHG emissions. Action Item 5.1.1 Provide resources for businesses to create Climate Action Plans. Action Item 5.1.2 Assist businesses with completed Climate Action Plans in information sharing and mentoring activities. Action Item 5.1.3 Refer businesses to the Bay Area Green Business Program. Action Item 5.1.4 Recognize businesses with Climate Action Plans Yes No
Business
Community

5.2 Increase Commercial and Business
Recycling, Composting and Waste
Reduction
Action Item 5.2.1 Share City’s goal of 75% waste reduction by 2015 with business community; request their support Action Item 5.2.2 Facilitate information exchange between model businesses and those businesses in need of assistance. Action Item 5.2.3 Provide green building, retrofit, and recycling information at the City’s information portals i.e. permit counter, website, Channel 26, Community Center(s) Yes No
Business
Community

5.3 Consider Plastic Bag and Styrofoam Bans
Action Item 5.3.1 Monitor success of other cities in the Bay Area that are enacting these restrictions. Action Item 5.3.2 Assist businesses in marketing the use of reusable bags for shopping. Action Item 5.3.3 Pursue grant opportunities to provide reusable bags to residents. Action Item 5.3.4 Recognize businesses that encourage use of reusable bags and/or replace their Styrofoam use with biodegradable materials.

Yes No
Business
Community

5.4 Green Building Standards
Action Item 5.4.1 Require all modifications, additions and new buildings built for commercial or industrial purposes to use environmentally preferred building practices. Action Item 5.4.2 Encourage LEED, HERS, and/or Green Point Rated Certification Action Item 5.4.3 Provide resources and checklists to obtain green certifications through the City’s Building Department Yes No
Business
Community

5.5 Green Fleets Action Item 5.5.1 Encourage the use of low-carbon emitting vehicles and fuels Action Item 5.5.2 Share the City’s experience with AFVs Yes No Business
Community 5.6
Assist Businesses in Developing and
Implementing Commuter Benefits
Programs
Action Item 5.6.1 Survey Newark businesses about their programs. Action Item 5.6.2 Encourage businesses with model programs to peer educate Yes No
Business
Community

5.7 Water Conservation Action Item 5.7.1 Survey Newark businesses about their water conservation practices. Action Item 5.7.2 Introduce Bay Area Friendly Landscaping and other successful programs to businesses. Yes Yes Planning and
Zoning 6.1 N/A
During the next General Plan update, review and evaluate appropriate transit modes that can decrease the need for personal vehicles for travel within the City. When proposing changes to the transportation system, the City should consider the climate impacts and give preference to solutions that reduce auto dependency and minimize GHG emissions.

Yes No
Planning and
Zoning

6.2 N/A Encourage smart growth principles that support higher-density, mixed-use and well-designed development in areas near the proposed future transit station and areas near major bus routes. Yes No Planning and
Zoning

6.3 N/A Explore the development of zoning and development standards that consider both the land uses and the urban design and form of buildings and public space, where the new standards will result in reduced GHG emissions. Yes No Planning and
Zoning

6.4 N/A Explore potential strategies related to the creation of additional affordable housing to sell to buyers employed in Newark, but who currently reside in other areas and commute to work in Newark. Yes No Planning and
Zoning

6.5 N/A
Consider developing and adopting a Buy Local Plan that would give preference to local businesses. The plan should consider incentives such as marketing and promotion assistance for buy local businesses, continue to support the local farmers market, encouraging residents to grow food in home and community gardens, working with community partners to identify methodologies for tracking and reporting on the rate of local food production and consumption.

Yes No
Planning and
Zoning 6.6 N/A Accelerate Implementation of the City’s Bicycle and Pedestrian Plans. Upon completion of the plan in October 2010, explore components whose implementation can be accelerated. This CAP should be updated with the recommendations of the completed plan. Yes No Planning and
Zoning

6.7 N/A Create ridesharing programs. Yes No
Planning and
Zoning

6.8 N/A
Enhance and expand outreach, marketing and education regarding land use and transportation. Personal choice underlies many of the transportation-related changes that will have to occur in order for the community to achieve its GHG-reduction goal. Enhancing and expanding current education and outreach efforts is therefore fundamental to this plan. Such efforts are aimed at providing community members with access to information that enables them to make informed choices. For example, specific information about the economic and environmental impact of riding public transit or a bicycle as opposed to driving a car may influence the transportation choices one makes. Along with the City government, regional agencies and local community-based organizations are already playing a key role in providing information that can inform community members’ choices.

Yes No

APPENDIX C
Community Engagement
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Community
Meeting on
Climate Action
and Sea Level
Rise
September 25, 2024
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Agenda
• [6:15-6:40pm] Introduction
• Context
• Climate Action Plan Update
• Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy
• [6:40-6:50pm] Q&A
• [6:50-7:50pm] Group Activity
• [7:50-8:00pm] Wrap Up
2 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Introductions
Project Team Introductions
3 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Context and Key Terms
Overview of Climate Action Newark and the City’s Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy Efforts
4 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Key Terms
• Climate Change: Long-term disruptions in
Earth’s climate system driven by greenhouse
gas emissions.
• Adaptation: Preparing for and adjusting to
potential impacts of climate change.
• Mitigation: Targeting the source of climate
change by reducing the flow of greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere.
5 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Key Terms
• Sea Level Rise (SLR): The global average
increase in ocean water levels due to climate
change.
• Vulnerability: The degree to which communities
are at risk from the potential impacts of climate
change.
• Resilience: The capacity of communities to
survive, adapt, and thrive in the face of
challenges, including climate change.
6 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
How might climate change impact Newark?
7 Sea Level Rise
& Flooding
Wildfires &
Air Quality
Extreme Heat
© East Bay Times © Cal Fire © Mercury News Impacts to Society We CAN | Climate Action Newark
City of Newark Efforts
• Identifies and evaluates actions to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.

Climate Action
Newark
(CAP Update)
•Provides a plan for how to adapt to or
mitigate the impacts of higher water levels.

Sea Level Rise(SLR)
Adaptation Strategy
8 Today’s meeting will provide an overview of these projects.

We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Climate Action Newark (CAN)
Project Overview
Objectives, Principles, Schedule, and Scope
9 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
CAN Goals • Comprehensively
update Newark’s
2010 CAP
• Align with State
GHG reduction
targets
• Address climate
mitigation and
adaptation
• Build upon
ongoing City
initiatives
• Provide CEQA
streamlining
benefits
• Engage the
community
• Provide
implementation
direction to staff
10 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
CAN Guiding Principles & Co-Benefits
11 Co-Benefits
• Economic
development
• Equity
• Adaptation/
resilience
• Resource
conservation
Guiding Principles
• Beneficial
• Specific
• Evidence-based
• Transparent
• Improved public
health
• Community cost
savings
• Environmental
quality
• Ambitious
• Realistic
• Collaborative
• Comprehensive
• Fair
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Addressing Climate Change Locally
12 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Climate Mitigation Process
• 2022 communitywide inventory
• Emissions forecasts through 2045
• Newark-specific reduction targets in alignment with Stateadopted targets • New strategies and actions to reduce emissions and achieve targets
13 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Newark’s 2005 and 2022 Inventories
Emissions Sector 2005 Emissions*
(MTCO2e)
2022 Emissions*
(MTCO2e)
Percent Change
(2005-2022)
Residential Building Energy 47,000 46,000 -4%
Commercial Building Energy 175,000 102,000 -42%
Transportation 193,000 207,000 +7%
Waste 19,000 11,000 -41%
Total 434,000 365,000** -16%
14 *Emissions are rounded to the nearest thousand and may not sum exactly. **2022 Emissions Total presented here is not the 2022 emissions total being used for the CAP update.

This table compares 2022 sectors that were also included in the 2005 inventory. The 2022 inventory more comprehensively accounts for emissions in the city.

Emissions
target met!
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Newark’s 2022 Comprehensive Inventory and Forecasts
Emissions Sector 2022 Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2045 Emissions
(MTCO2e)
On-Road Transportation 207,000 169,000 49,000
Building Energy (Residential and
Nonresidential)
148,000 112,000 59,000
Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment 11,000 10,000 10,000
Waste 10,000 13,000 15,000
Water 1,000 900 0
Wastewater Treatment 500 600 700
Total 377,500 306,000 134,000
Percent Change from 2022 NA -18% -64%
15 Includes:
• population, employment, housing growth
• known legislative effects
Legislative-Adjusted Forecast:

Emissions without additional action taken in
Newark by residents, businesses, or City
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Effect of Federal & State Legislation on Newark’s Emissions 16 2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)
Building Energy Off-Road On-Road Solid Waste Wastewater Water BAU Forecast without
adopted Federal
and State legislation
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
GHG Reduction
Targets
Newark’s fair share of statewide
targets, based on 2022 GHG
inventory
• 2030: 40% below 2022 levels
• 2035: 58% below 2022 levels
• 2040: 72% below 2022 levels
• 2045: 88% below 2022 levels
17 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Closing the Emissions “Gap”
18 2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)
Building Energy Off-Road On-Road Solid Waste Wastewater Water Target Local actions need to reduce 2030
emissions by 22%, after effects of
federal and state legislation
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Climate Action Newark Schedule
19 Winter 2024 Spring 2024 Summer 2024 Fall 2024 Winter 2025 Spring 2025 Summer 2025 Community
Workshops #1 #2
City Council
Presentations #1 #2 #3
Project Initiation
GHG Analysis
Climate Action
Strategies
Draft CAN and
CEQA
Final CAN and CEQA
Adaptation Strategy
Implementation
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Sea Level Rise Vulnerability
Assessment & Adaptation Strategy
Understanding and preparing for SLR in Newark
20 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Sea Level Rise: What, Why, & Where
21 Historical Shoreline - 1950 Future Shoreline - 2100? Newark aerial- salt pond and two Hazard Map – Our Coast, Our Future – 4.1ft SLR bridges. Nov 22, 1950
Present Shoreline - 2024
Google Earth satellite imagery
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Sea Level Rise Plan Objectives
Resilience to sea level rise
Robust analysis to inform
decisions
Lay the foundation for
adaptation projects
22 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
What is involved in this effort?
23 Flood & SLR
Modelling
• Where does it
flood today?
• Where might it
flood in the
future?
Vulnerability &
Risk Assessment
• How will our
community be
impacted by
flooding?
Adaptation
Strategy
• What can we
do to address
present and
future flood risk?
Fall 2024 Winter 2025
Community Engagement
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Community Engagement Goals
Develop a shared vision for
addressing sea level rise in
Newark
Foster community interest &
capacity in environmental
stewardship & climate education
Build relationships between the
City and local organizations,
advocates, stakeholders.

Increase awareness of City
processes and capital
improvement projects.
24 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Thank you for joining us today!
Get in touch: [email protected]
Learn more: www.newark.org/departments/green-newark
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Next Steps

1. The City will post today’s
materials.
newark.org/departments/green-newark

2. Send additional feedback,
comments, or questions to Jim!
[email protected]

3. Stay tuned!
More engagement opportunities will be
available in the future.

4. Spread the word!
Talk to your family, friends, & neighbors
about these projects
Joyce Tsai / KQED
City of Newark
Climate Action Newark Hybrid Community Workshop
Thursday April 17, 2025
Newark Library and Zoom
6:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m.

Executive Summary
The Climate Action Newark (CAN) workshop was conducted using a hybrid format, with 13 participants in person and 8 participants online. The workshop began with a presentation including an interactive poll component, followed by an “open house” group activity where participants provided input on strategies for the following sectors: transportation, buildings and energy, nature-based solutions, resilience, and other (solid waste, water/wastewater, off-road equipment). This summary provides more detail on what was covered in the presentation, from key concepts to the results of the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory and forecast, and takeaways from the group activity.

Presentation
Jim Scanlin, Environmental Services Manager, started the presentation with an overview of the agenda, which included: (1) Welcome/Introductions; (2) Project Overview; (3) Understanding Newark’s Contributions to Climate Change; (4) What Can We Do About Climate Change (“Open House” Activity); and (5) Next Steps. Jim then introduced the project team including City staff and Ascent staff, key terms, project timeline, and facilitated a Slido poll survey. Throughout the presentation participants were asked a series of questions via Slido regarding the effects of climate change and climate change preparedness. Hannah Kornfeld, Project Manager (Ascent) led the second portion of the presentation, starting with project overview.

Hannah gave a brief overview of CAN’s purpose and important considerations to the development of CAN strategies including the guiding principles and co-benefits. Next, Hannah shared the project schedule and transitioned to the City’s GHG emissions analysis. Participants received an overview of the climate mitigation process and the results of Newark’s 2022 GHG emissions inventory. As illustrated in the graphics, the transportation sector makes up the largest portion of the city’s emissions. Hannah explained CAN strategies will help the city reduce emissions not covered by legislation, thereby closing the “gap” and address community concerns as they related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. A full video recording of the presentation can be found on the City’s YouTube page.

Audience Questions
Just after Hannah’s explanation of the emissions gap, she addressed questions from the audience. Questions are listed below:
(1) Does our forecast account for future housing and population? Response: Yes, the forecast does account for future housing units, future population, and employment as derived from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s Plan Bay Area 2050.
(2) Is energy demand for AI data centers accounted for into Newark’s reduction targets and forecasts?
Response: There is no current estimated demand for AI data centers as it is an evolving industry. The California Public Utilities Commission requires each utility provider to submit Integrated Resource Plans that estimate how much electricity is needed based on demand. The 2025 Integrated Resource Plan prepared by Pacific Gas & Electric Company may offer further insight but has not yet been published. (3) If the City misses an emissions reduction target, how will it be adjusted? Response: Climate action plans serve as a near-term implementation plan and longterm planning document, and often cities conduct updates to the plan every five years.

This way, the City can monitor its progress and determine ahead of time if a target may be missed.
(4) What mechanisms for accountability exist to ensure the City takes necessary steps to meet targets?
Response: There is no legal requirement for local jurisdictions to reduce their GHG emissions, however climate action plans include implementation frameworks that determine which departments in a jurisdiction will complete certain activities and in what years.
(5) What steps can we (the public) take to increase accountability of the City? Response: Opportunities like this workshop are a good way to provide your ideas for strategies in the plan. Other steps might include involvement from citizen groups or the development of a sustainability commission. A small city like Newark has limited staff, so community support is essential to the implementation of the plan.

Open House Activity
The open house activity was designed to receive community input on potential strategies for the following sectors: transportation, buildings and energy, nature-based solutions, resilience, and other (solid waste, water/wastewater, off-road equipment). For the inperson activity, participants engaged with questions regarding the different sectors and provided feedback using dot stickers on draft strategies and a sticky notes with their thoughts on barriers and solutions to reducing emissions/activity level. City and Ascent staff attended boards with the sector-specific questions to help facilitate conversation.

Online participants had access to the same sectors and questions, with one facilitator for all sectors. Feedback from the open house activity can be found below, including online responses using the platform, Mural.

Transportation
Dot Activity
• Improve public transit access and reliability: 8 votes • Expand walking and biking opportunities: 13 votes
• Promote electric and zero-emission vehicles: 4 votes
• Support high density and mixed-use development: 6 votes Sticky Note Responses
In addition to the draft strategies above, are there any other strategies Newark should focus on to reduce transportation-related emissions?
• Safe routes to schools improvements
• Bike parking, crosswalks, neighborhood retail, traffic calming • Bike paths like Fremont. Bikes lanes on Cedar Blvd. and similar large streets • I would walk, bike etc. more if I had more time and felt safe to take more public transportation. I like BART but still need to drive for it to not be time consuming
• Build within the city center so transit routes are more efficient. Have some high-density developments be for sale vs. only rental. Lowers entry barrier to home ownership
• More charging stations (1 vote)
• Fast track Dumbarton Rail right-of-way and commute line and incentivize low-emission transportation
• Learn how to bike – free family programs
• Visually appealing pedestrian centric areas
• Educational campaign
What transportation solutions do you think would be most effective for Newark? • Class 4 separated bikeways and Class 1 bike paths
• It’s a dream but…reinvigorating long-term project of Dumbarton Rail Bridge to bring down commuting over Dumbarton Bridge. Get TECH comp. to help! • Possibly expanding BART to Newark
• Incentivize businesses to relocate to consolidated areas so you can visit several businesses in the same area
• Bus locations – new housing or job centers and adding frequency at existing locations on Newark Blvd…
What would encourage you to walk, bike, or use transit more often? • Free for youth; discounts for walk, bike, public transit • Why is there not a direct route between the middle school and high school? • Shuttle from BART to workplaces in Newark (2 votes)
• If buses came more often to more locations
• Technology is always changing
What barriers do you see in adopting electric or zero-emission vehicles? • I worry a lot about the climate and human rights impact from extraction of minerals needed for electric cars. Would prefer more public transit • Cost/funding
• Charging
• Getting people to change from their current vehicles
Buildings and Energy
Dot Activity
• Expand clean energy generation and use: 10 votes
• Electrify and decarbonize buildings: 7 votes
• Promote energy efficiency: 5 votes
• Reduce energy consumption: 2 votes
Sticky Note Responses
In addition to the draft strategies above, are there any other strategies Newark should focus on to reduce buildings and energy (emissions)?
• Progressive incentives (like progressive taxes)
• Proclamation from cities to install solar
• City-wide heat pump water heater program
• I think Newark has done a great job of building green What would help make electrification and energy efficiency improvements more accessible?
• Incentives or rebates for people that find electrification cost-prohibited • Incentivize old building stock to retrofit with modern energy conserving modifications. Mandate all new construction to prioritize energy conservation in the design process
• Publicizing how to electrify
• Funding is needed
What would encourage you to reduce your energy use?
• Nuclear power as we need more power to go electric
• Make electricity a public utility don’t privatize utilities • Make rebates on solar energy equipment installations
• I would like to know demand usage throughout the day to avoid peak Nature-Based Solutions
Dot Activity
• Maintain and expand the tree canopy: 12 votes
• Integrate more green stormwater infrastructure: 6 votes • Protect and restore wetlands and ecosystems: 7 votes
• Promote sustainable landscaping practices: 7 votes
Sticky Note Responses
In addition to the draft strategies above, are there any other strategies Newark should focus on to promote nature-based solutions?
• HOA restrictions on lawns
• Replace mono-lawns with biodiverse lawns
• Composting awareness at home. More initiatives
• Fund restoration of the 66 acres of wetlands and uplands owned by Newark • Develop detailed heritage and specimen tree protection ordinance • Arborists and tree crews to expand and maintain urban forest • Plant trees on private properties. Limited space in city-owned ROWs and parks
• More education on planting and maintaining trees
• Plant reeds in wetlands and lake. More native plants
• Ban turf; it can get to 200 degrees on hot days and creates microplastics and kills soil. Prioritize natural surfaces and improve soil quality • Require more trees in all new development
• Native plants mandatory at all city building and new developments • Promote alternative materials that are ecofriendly
Where should tree planting efforts by prioritized?
• Streets. Business. Owl houses on park properties; Eagle Scout Projects • Heard there used to be reeds, and even small boardwalk. That would be interesting to come back, but still good refuge for limited water-fowl diversity at Newark Lake
• Street projects
• Tree maintenance is a barrier to some residents
• Underdeveloped/neglected neighborhoods
• Schools and parks to reduce amounts of heat
Can you think of any additional benefits of implementing nature-based solutions? • Experimental replacement of non-natives with natives in park areas. Water conservation and pollinator diversity
Resilience
Dot Activity
• Mitigate the urban heat island effect: 10 votes
• Bolster protection for flooding and sea-level rise: 10 votes • Improve overall climate and emergency preparedness: 4 votes • Increase local food security: 3 votes
Sticky Note Responses
In addition to the draft strategies above, are there any other strategies Newark should focus on to support community resilience?
• Invest in “Resilience Hubs” city buildings like the library or Silliman Center could be activated for this
• Fund restoration of the 66 acres of city-owned land off Mowry. Use as flood resilience and as carbon sink to mitigate our GHG contribution • Don’t build on the marsh! (1 vote)
• Collaboration with other cities/communities
• No more lawns, house farms, and farming classes
• Examine “first mile” types of activities along Bay
• Promote more solar usage and rebates. Promote clean energy usage at home
• Bring back the street lined trees
• Mitigation to prevent future problems. Be more proactive, not just reactive • New political order, anti-capitalism
• Reduce, reuse, recycle. Provide incentives to businesses • Repurposing existing neglected buildings – even for business What climate hazards and impacts are you most concerned about? • Health of most vulnerable (elderly, children)
What neighborhoods are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change? Where should resilience investments be prioritized?
• Vegetate with an urban forest the closed Cedar Blvd.
• Communities that are not in traditionally desired areas, lower income/near industrial areas
Other (solid waste, water/wastewater, off-road equipment) Dot Activity
• Expand water conservation efforts: 6 votes
• Increase organic waste diversion and composting: 9 votes • Reuse, repair, and recycle goods and materials: 5 votes • Utilize electric or zero-emission off-road equipment: 3 votes Sticky Note Responses
In addition to the draft strategies above, are there any other strategies Newark should focus on to reduce emissions?
• Incentives for gray water in new development and retrofitting current stock • Education regarding solid waste. Initiatives for composting • Composting efforts on neighborhood level and city levels • Ideas practical for single-family: incentives and education on programs in the library or community center, washing machine water for local use, and rain barrel collection in residential
• More compost initiatives. Can small neighborhoods generate natural gas for their own consumption?
• Ban gas powered yard equipment
• Ban disposable plastic everywhere
• Give out composting bins with instructions in different languages • Subsidize Ridwell subscription
How conscious are you of your personal waste generation and water use? • Very conscious: there were drought restrictions growing up in SF. Waste education is more prominent in SF
• I consider myself conscious of my waste generation and water use, but others in my neighborhood are not. Difficult to encourage them • Mindful, I compost, recycle, working on water use and yard • Somewhat mindful, I recycle and compost and only use as much water as needed
• Very conscious. We take extra water from our showers to our garden. We compost. I think about how I shop
What assistance do you need in reusing, repairing, or recycling goods and materials? • A location to recycle materials and a class that teaches people how to reuse materials
• Would like more programs locally, dispose of personal computer not easy Do you have any concerns with electric or zero-emission off-road equipment (e.g., for construction or landscaping)?
• No concerns. Typically cleaner and quieter
Transportation
More than half (roughly 54%) of Newark's GHG emissions come from transportation (e.g., use of gasoline and diesel in cars, motorcycles, and trucks). Reducing emissions from transportation is critical to achieving the City's climate goals, and can improve air quality and enhance public health.

Your Input Matters!
Draft Strategies
The questions presented below are intended to spark ideas and discussion. Feel free to use the sticky notes on the right to answer any of the questions posed or to provide any general feedback.

Each of the draft strategies below could help reduce transportation-related emissions. Which of these strategies do you think should be prioritized? Please use up to 2 dots and place them on the strategies below.

Improve public transit accessibility and reliability. Expand walking and biking opportunities.

Promote electric and zero-emission vehicles.

In addition to the draft strategies above,
are there any other strategies Newark
should focus on to reduce transportationrelated emissions? What barriers do you see in adopting
electric or zero-emission vehicles?
What would encourage you to walk, bike,
or use transit more often?
What transportation solutions do you
think would be most effective for Newark?
Support high density and mixed-use development.

Visually
appealing
pedestrian
centric areas
Educational
campaign
possibly
expanding
bart to
newark
If buses came
more often
and to more
locations.

Technology
is always
changing.

Incentivise
businesses to
relocate to
consolidated areas
so you can visit
several businesses
in the same area
Bus locations - new
housing or job
centers and adding
frequency at existing
locations on Newark
Blvd....
cost/
funding
Charging
getting people
to change
from their
curent vehicles
Electricity and natural gas used for heating, cooling, lighting, and powering appliances in buildings account for around 40% of Newark's GHG emissions.

Reducing emissions from buildings can result in lower energy costs and improved indoor air quality.

Your Input Matters!
Draft Strategies
The questions presented below are intended to spark ideas and discussion. Feel free to use the sticky notes on the right to answer any of the questions posed or to provide any general feedback.

Each of the draft strategies below could help reduce emissions related to buildings and energy use. Which of these strategies do you think should be prioritized? Please use up to 2 dots and place them on the strategies below.

What would encourage you to reduce
your energy use?
In addition to the draft strategies above,
are there any other strategies Newark
should focus on to reduce emissions
related to buildings and energy?
What would help make electrification and
energy efficiency improvements more
accessible?
Electrify and decarbonize buildings.

Promote energy efficiency. Reduce energy consumption.

Expand clean energy generation and use.

Buildings & Energy
I think Newark
has done a
great job of
building green.

Funding is
needed
I would like to
know demand
usage throught
the day, to avoid
peak
Nature-based solutions (e.g., trees, wetlands, green spaces) play a vital role in advancing the City's climate goals. Overall, nature-based solutions are an effective tool in both mitigating and adapting to climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide, providing shade, reducing flood risk, and improving air quality.

Your Input Matters!
Draft Strategies
The questions presented below are intended to spark ideas and discussion. Feel free to use the sticky notes on the right to answer any of the questions posed or to provide any general feedback.

Each of the draft strategies below could help advance nature-based solutions. Which of these strategies do you think should be prioritized? Please use up to 2 dots and place them on the strategies below.

Can you think of any additional benefits
of implementing nature-based solutions?
Where should tree planting efforts be
prioritized?
In addition to the draft strategies above,
are there any other strategies Newark
should focus on to promote nature-based
solutions?
Nature-Based Solutions
Maintain and expand the tree canopy.

Protect and restore wetlands and ecosystems.

Promote
alternative
materials that
are ecofriendly
Underdeveloped/
neglected
neighborhoods
Schools and
parks to
reduce
amounts of
heat
Promote sustainable landscaping practices.

Integrate more green stormwater infrastructure.

Additional activities contribute to Newark's GHG emissions, including the use of offroad vehicles and equipment, the generation of landfilled waste, and consumption of water. Though smaller in scale, action in these areas will contribute to a more sustainable Newark and can benefit public health and quality of life for residents.

Your Input Matters!
Draft Strategies
The questions presented below are intended to spark ideas and discussion. Feel free to use the sticky notes on the right to answer any of the questions posed or to provide any general feedback.

Each of the draft strategies below could help reduce emissions from various sectors. Which of these strategies do you think should be prioritized? Please use up to 2 dots and place them on the strategies below.

What assistance do you need in reusing,
repairing, or recycling goods and
materials?
Do you have any concerns with electric
or zero-emission off-road equipment (e.g.,
for construction or landscaping)?
How conscious are you of your personal
waste generation and water use?
In addition to the draft strategies above,
are there any other strategies Newark
should focus on to reduce emissions?
Other
Expand water conservation efforts. Increase organic waste diversion and composting.

Reuse, repair, and recycle goods and materials. Utilize electric or zero-emission off-road equipment.

I consider myself
conscious of my waste
generation and water
use, but others in my
houselhold and a
neighbor are not.

Difficult to encourage
them.

Mindful, I
compost,
recycle, working
on low water
use yad
Somewhat
mindful, I recycle
and compost and
only use as much
water as needed
Would like more
programs locally,
depose of
personal
computer not
easy
very conscious. We
take extra water
from showers to our
garden.  We
compost.  I think
about how I shop.

No concerns.

Typically
cleaner and
quieter.

Climate change can worsen existing hazards, like extreme heat and flooding, and result in a spectrum of negative, cascading impacts. Adapting to climate change and building resilience to climate impacts allows Newark to uphold a high quality of life for residents and visitors.

Your Input Matters!
Draft Strategies
The questions presented below are intended to spark ideas and discussion. Feel free to use the sticky notes on the right to answer any of the questions posed or to provide any general feedback.

Each of the draft strategies below could help support community resilience. Which of these strategies do you think should be prioritized? Please use up to 2 dots and place them on the strategies below.

What neighborhoods are most vulnerable
to the impacts of climate change? Where
should resilience investments be
prioritized?
What climate hazards and impacts are
you most concerned about?
In addition to the draft strategies above,
are there any other strategies Newark
should focus on support community
resilience?
Resilience
Mitigate the urban heat island effect. Bolster protection for flooding and sea-level rise.

Improve overall climate and emergency preparedness. Increase local food security.

Repurposing
existing
neglected
buildings -even
for business
Health of most
vulnerable
(elderly,
children)
Communities that
are not in
traditionally desired
area, lower income /
near indusrial areas
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Climate Action
Newark
Community Workshop
April 17, 2025
It is our Mission to Serve and Partner with
our Community to Continually Enhance
the Quality of Life of Everyone in Newark.

We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Agenda

1. Welcome / Introduction

2. Project Overview

3. Understanding Newark’s
Contributions to Climate
Change

4. What Can We Do About
Climate Change?
• “Open House” Activity

5. Next Steps & Adjourn
2 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Team
City of Newark
• Jim Scanlin, Environmental Services Manager
• Howard Young, Public Works Director
• Steven Turner, Community Development Director
• Matthew Farrell, Chief Building Official
• Art Interiano, Deputy Community Development Director
• Angela Tsui, Deputy Economic Development Director
• Michael Coulom, Housing Program Manager
• Dan Cianciarulo, Urban Forest Supervisor
Ascent (Consultant)
• Hannah Kornfeld, Project Manager
• John Steponick, Assistant Project Manager
• Natalie Kataoka, Climate Change Analyst
• *Luis Montes, Engagement Specialist
• *Benjamin Fordham, Facilitator
*Team members on Zoom
3 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Key Terms
• Climate Change: Long-term disruptions in Earth’s climate system (e.g., increasing temperatures, changing weather patterns) driven by greenhouse gas emissions, which are caused by burning fossil fuels.
• Adaptation: Preparing for and adjusting to both current and future potential impacts of climate change.
• Mitigation: Targeting the source of climate change by reducing the flow of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, primarily through reducing human-produced greenhouse gas emissions. 4 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Key Terms
• Resilience: The capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems to survive, adapt, and thrive in the face of climate change.
• Vulnerability: The degree to which populations, the natural and built environment, and community functions are at risk from the potential impacts of climate change.
5 Wordcloud poll
What are 1-2 words that come to mind when you envision a sustainable and resilient future for Newark?
0 1 2
Green infrastructure Easier access to bart
Marshlands clean energy Trees More trees
Walkable Bikefriendly
Clear Temperature Zero waste
Less carsSafety Equity
Clean vehicles
Clean air
Clean
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Overview and Objectives
• Comprehensively
update Newark’s
2010 CAP
• Align with State
GHG reduction
targets
• Address climate
mitigation and
adaptation
• Build upon
ongoing City
initiatives
• Engage the
community
• Provide
implementation
direction to staff
7 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Guiding Principles
8 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Co-Benefits
9 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Schedule
10 WE ARE HERE
Open text poll
In a word or short phrase, describe how you think climate change is affecting your community?
0 1 7
Flooding Loss of Wetlands Smoke from
Wildfires Rising Groundwater Rising water
levels
100 year climate events Fires
Water usage at home Housing
Needs
Damage to micro ecosystems Farming
trends
Warmer, dryer summers; an
inconsistent precipitation. rising sea
levels
Creates more inequity
Unpredictable weather (heat, rain)
Hurting health
Anxiety about the financial costs of
fires and floods
Flooding
Warmer summers
Heat waves
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Understanding Newark’s
Contributions to Climate Change
12 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Climate Mitigation Process
• 2022 communitywide inventory
• Emissions forecasts through 2045
• Newark-specific reduction targets in alignment with Stateadopted targets • New strategies and actions to reduce emissions and achieve targets
13 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
2022 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
Total GHG Emissions = 366,465 MTCO2e
14 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Closing the Emissions “Gap”
15 2022 2030 2035 2040 2045
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
GHG Emissions (MTCO
2e)
Building Energy Off-Road On-Road Solid Waste Wastewater Water Target 2030 Target:
40% below 2022 levels
2035 Target:
58% below 2022 levels
2040 Target:
72% below 2022 levels
2045 Target:
88% below 2022 levels
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Questions?
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
What Can We Do About Climate
Change?
17 Multiple-choice poll
How quickly do you think our community needs to act on
climate change?
0 1 9
We need action right away.
95 %
We need action in the next 5 years.
5 %
We need action in the next 10 years.
0 %
This is not an urgent issue.
0 %
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Addressing Climate Change Locally
19 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
We want to hear from you!
20 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
“Open House” Activity
21 • Five stations:

1. Transportation

2. Buildings & Energy

3. Nature-Based Solutions

4. Resilience

5. Other (e.g., Solid Waste, Water, Wastewater, Off-Road Equipment)
• Share your feedback; sticky notes and dot stickers are provided.
• Open dialogue is encouraged. Interact with
facilitators and with each other!
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Visit Our Project Website!
• Stay up to date on Climate
Action Newark.
• Continue providing your input
and feedback.
• Survey
• Vision Boards
• Quick Polls
• Interactive Tools
• Tell your friends, family, and
neighbors!
22 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Share Out
1-2 ideas from each station
23 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Next Steps
24 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Schedule
25 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Thank you for
joining us today!
26 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Visit Our Project Website!
• Stay up to date on Climate
Action Newark.
• Continue providing your input
and feedback.
• Survey
• Vision Boards
• Quick Polls
• Interactive Tools
• Tell your friends, family, and
neighbors!
27 City of Newark
Climate Action Newark
1 RESPONSES TO COMMENTS
This document contains a list of comment letters received during the public review period for Climate Action Newark (CAN), which concluded on October 20, 2025. The City has prepared written responses addressing comments received from reviewers of the Public Draft CAN.

3.1 LIST OF COMMENTERS ON THE PUBLIC DRAFT CAN
Table 3-1 presents the list of commenters, including the numerical designation for each comment letter received, the author of the comment letter, and the date of the comment letter.

Table 3-1 List of Commenters
Letter No. Commenter Date
C1 Alameda County Water District (ACWD) 10/17/25
C2 Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge (CCCR) 10/20/25 C3 Greenbelt Alliance 10/20/25
C4 Save the Bay 10/20/25
C5 Urban Forest Friends 10/19/25
C6 Jim Twietmeyer (Resident) 10/10/25
C7 Neelam Patil (Resident) 9/16/25

3.2 MASTER RESPONSES
Several comments raised similar issues. Rather than responding individually, master responses have been developed to address the comments comprehensively. Master Responses are provided for the following topics: urban forest, sea -level rise, and the implementation of CAN strategies and actions. A reference to the master response is provided, where relevant, in responses to the individual comment.

3.2.1 Master Response: Urban Forest and Tree Canopy
Tree canopy assessment, maintenance, and expansion were one focus area of public comments. Many commenters’ recommendations were specific to CAN Strategy NBS-1: Maintain and expand the city’s urban tree canopy. These recommendations will be addressed in the City’s forthcoming Urban Forest Management Plan (UFMP). CAN is intended to support the UFMP, as stated in CAN Action NBS-1-A, therefore the following requests from public comments have not been directly integrated into CAN. The assessment and protection of existing canopy, in addition to the greenhouse gas reductions from urban canopy, are anticipated components of the UFMP. Protected tree ordinances and incentives for tree care on private land will be considered as a part of UFMP development. Education regarding tree maintenance will also be included in the UFMP, and is reflected in CAN Action NBS-1-E.

The UFMP will inventory the city’s existing trees and establish a long-term plan that addresses tree health, public safety, urban heat island effect, and equity. As the UFMP is developed, there will be opportunities for the community to provide input; partnerships with organizations may be identified later in the process.

Responses to Comments Ascent
City of Newark
2 Climate Action Newark

3.2.2 Master Response: Sea-Level Rise
Comments were received related to groundwater inundation due to sea-level rise and the need for restoration of wetlands. Groundwater inundation has been included in the description of CAN Strategy COM-3 and as a part of the evaluation of flood and resilience standards for new development included in Action COM-3-A. More technical analyses regarding the use of spatial data to determine groundwater inundation risks have been conducted in the Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (SLR Study) and will be included in the Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy (SLR Plan). CAN Action COM-3-A will support SLR Plan implementation.

A detailed analysis of wetlands was not included in CAN. The SLR Plan will include an assessment of wetland carbon storage capacity and strategies related to restored acreage. Although CAN does not include an inventory of existing wetland areas and numerical data, commitments to future wetland restoration and policy creation are included. CAN Action NBS-3-A will establish a City-led task force that develops policies at the intersection of wetland restoration and housing development, and in Action NBS-3-B the City commits to the development of a wetland restoration plan.

3.2.3 Master Response: Implementation Strategy
For comments pertaining to the enforcement of CAN actions, the City will refer commenters to CAN’s accompanying 5-year implementation strategy. The implementation strategy is a workplan for the City to inform staff and budget implications. It incorporates the implementing departments, community partners, and key performance indicators identified in CAN Chapter 3 and identifies external costs, potential funding sources, and timelines. In regard to tracking CAN action progress, the City will publish an annual monitoring report; the first report will be published in late 2026.

Commenters also requested more emphasis on equity and methods to assess the achievement of equity for CAN actions. Due to the variety of actions included in CAN, equity will be measured differently based on the type of project, plan, or policy. The City has identified metrics to measure equity where feasible in its 5-year implementation strategy, and will continue to integrate equity as CAN actions are implemented. Regarding equity within CAN’s prioritization matrix; equity was included as a criterion when determining overall prioritization scores. The plan does not specifically identify equity regarding climate adaptation, as it primarily serves to mitigate the impacts of climate change and is less focused on adaptation; however, the contribution of an action to improving climate resilience was accounted for under the prioritization criteria “Resilience.”

3.3 MODIFICATIONS TO CAN BASED ON COMMENTER SUGGESTIONS Table 3-2 Modifications to CAN Based on Commenter Suggestions Comment No. Modification Type Modification Made to CAN Page of CAN C1-2 Additional Detail
Added
Updated “COM-3: Newark's location along San Francisco Bay makes the city particularly vulnerable to the combined impacts of sea level rise, coastal flooding, groundwater inundation, and increasingly intense storm events that threaten both existing infrastructure and community safety. The City's proactive approach, including comprehensive vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning, provides the foundation for implementing targeted resilience measures that protect critical infrastructure and vulnerable communities.”
3-43
C1-4 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action COM-3-B: “Partner with Adopt-a-Drain to implement a local storm drain adoption program, which will engage residents to "adopt" storm drains, keep them clear of debris, and report any issues to the City. The program will include an educational component about the importance of proper stormwater management, including safety guidance, stormwater3-43 Ascent Responses to Comments
City of Newark
Climate Action Newark
3 groundwater interactions, and debris disposal. This will inspire stewardship, community ownership, and behavior change to prevent runoff pollution and reduce localized flooding.”
C1-5 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action COM-3-C: “Evaluate the need for more stringent minimum standards for flood protection, groundwater inundation, and resilience, notably for new construction and major renovations. Specific considerations should include floor elevations, flood-resistant materials, and improved drainage systems (among others), and additionally, potential incentives for exceeding minimum standards. Depending on the outcomes of the evaluation, update the Municipal Code to incorporate new standards.” 3-44
C1-6 Added as
Community Partner
Actions NBS-2-A and NBS-2-B edited to include ACWD as a community partner.
3-34
C1-7 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action NBS-3-B: “Develop a plan for managing and restoring the city's wetlands. Collaborate with USFWS, BCDC, ACWD, and other partners to ensure the plan aligns with regional conservation goals and includes provisions for addressing sea-level rise and climate change impacts. The plan should include clear guidelines for managing stormwater inputs to wetlands to prevent pollutant accumulation and consider hydrologic connections between wetlands and the underlying groundwater basin.” 3-35
C1-8 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action MUN-4-B: “Develop a water-efficient vehicle washing policy for all municipal vehicles that requires the use of water-saving techniques, such as high pressure, low-flow nozzles, and the capture and reuse of recycled water where feasible. Collected water will be properly treated and disposed at the appropriate facilities.”
3-51
C1-9 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action TR-2-C: “Improve safe pedestrian access to transit facilities across the city, in accordance with the City of Newark Local Roadway Safety Plan, and in collaboration with ACWD, AC Transit, and NUSD. Improvements may be addressed through neighborhood slow zones, curbside management strategies, floating transit islands, protected bike lanes, crosswalk and sidewalk improvements, adding wayfinding signage, and colocating bus stops with pedestrian crossings, among others." 3-15
C1-11 Added as
Community Partner
Action COM-2-F edited to include ACWD as a community partner. 3-42 C1-12 Added as
Community Partner
Action RES-3-A edited to include ACWD as a community partner. 3-29 C1-13 Text Edit Edited Action MUN-4-A: “Continue phasing out the irrigation of nonfunctional turfgrass with potable water on municipal property through means such as replacing water-intensive landscaping with native, droughttolerant plants and/or permeable hardscaping. Ensure full compliance with AB 1572 by 2027.”
3-51
C2-2 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action NBS-1-A: “Prepare and adopt an urban forest management plan that will inform and influence the vegetation, habitats and trees in projects, development, and ordinances for maximum environmental sustainability, climate resiliency, biodiversity and health benefits. Upon adoption, begin implementing plan recommendations and priority projects, and additionally, ensure that implementation and progress is monitored and assessed over time.”
3-32
C2-6 Added as
Community Partner
Action NBS-3-A and NBS-3-B edited to include CCCR as a community partner.
3-35
Comment No. Modification Type Modification Made to CAN Page of CAN Responses to Comments Ascent
City of Newark
4 Climate Action Newark
C5-4 Text Edit Edited Action TR-4-B: “Conduct a citywide study to identify optimal locations for public EV charging stations based on traffic patterns, proximity to major destinations, and existing electrical infrastructure. Utilize the study to prioritize investments in and seek grant funding (e.g., Air District's "Charge!" Program) for expanding public EV charging infrastructure in targeted areas, particularly in gas stations and new and existing multifamily residential and commercial development.”
3-19
C5-10 Text Edit Edited Action NBS-1-C: “Foster a sense of community ownership, engagement, and stewardship of the city's urban forest by developing and implementing a tree adoption program, where residents and local businesses can sponsor and be recognized (e.g., through on-site signage/plaques, as well as the City's website and social media platforms) for the planting and maintenance of trees in public spaces. Offer a variety of sponsorship levels and options (e.g., single tree, group of trees, entire planting area), where sponsorship fees can cover both: (1) the costs of purchasing, planting, and maintaining the trees for a specified period (e.g., 3 -5 years); and (2) a dedicated endowment fund, where a portion of the sponsorship fees can be reinvested to support long-term program maintenance.”
3-33
C5-12 Additional Detail
Added
Updated Action NBS-1-E: “Continue to partner with UFF to support and promote their events, which focus on tree planting, tree care, and related community outreach and education in the tri-city area (i.e., Newark, Fremont, Union City).”
3-33
C5-14 Added as
Community Partner
Action NBS-2-B edited to include UFF as a community partner. 3-34 C5-16 Community Partner
Request
Recommended community partners Save the Bay, Greenbelt Alliance, and CCCR will be contacted by the City to determine interest as a partner.

N/A
C5-17 Community Partner
Request
Recommended community partners UC Master Gardeners Alameda County, California Native Plant Society, and ACWD will be contacted by the City to determine interest as a partner.

N/A
Comment No. Modification Type Modification Made to CAN Page of CAN

3.4 COMMENTS AND RESPONSES
The written individual comments received on the Public Draft CAN and the responses to those comments are provided below. The comment letters are reproduced in their entirety and are followed by the response(s). Where a commenter has provided multiple comments, each comment is indicated by a line bracket and an identifying number in the margin of the comment letter.

3.4.1 Organizations
Letter C1 Alameda County Water District
Laura J. Hidas, Director of Water Resources, October 17, 2025 Comment C1-10
TR-5-A: Recognizing the nexus between climate and housing, continue to implement the climate-friendly policies and programs identified in the Housing Element, such as those that promote higher density and mixed-use development and encourage the construction of ADUs: The City should send copies of planning applications (for ADUs, housing projects) to ACWD for review and comment. ACWD desires to be embedded in the City planning review process earlier, so that ACWD can give current and accurate comments to development projects in the City of Newark.

Ascent Responses to Comments
City of Newark
Climate Action Newark
5 Project proponents are often reaching out to ACWD about their respective projects late in the development process (after City entitlement) and then are blindsided by ACWD standard specifications, requirements, or fees.

Response A1-1
Staff is currently looking into how to work with the agencies having jurisdiction (e.g., ACWD and USD) to potentially have an individual available for the internal over-the-counter review process.

Letter C2 Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge
Carin High, Co-Chair, and Jana Sokale, Member/Newark Resident, October 20, 2025 Comment C2-7
TR-1: Make active transportation the preferred method of getting around.

In the description of TR-1 please also place emphasis on bicycling support infrastructure such as bike racks for parking, shelters, service centers and specialized traffic signs and signals. Develop performance measures for these key indicators:
• Bicycle Racks
• Bicycle Shelters
• Bicycle Service Stations
• Modified Traffic Signals and Signs
Additional TR-1 Actions- Ensure all private developments include bicycle infrastructure or contribute fees to city projects implementing active transportation.

Response C2-7
Thank you for your feedback on active transportation in Newark. CAN Strategy TR-1 is intended to support the recommendations of the forthcoming City of Newark Active Transportation Plan, which will identify where critical bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure should be installed, along with performance indicators. This CAN strategy does not place greater emphasis on bicycling as it applies to all active transportation, which includes modes outside of bicycling.

Letter C3 Greenbelt Alliance
Victoria Arvelo, Senior South Bay Resilience Manager, October 20, 2025 Comment A3-4
We found that the community engagement and outreach efforts associated with the CAN are underwhelming. The materials associated with the CAN are highly technical and difficult to access by laypeople. Additionally, outreach around the CAN was insufficient. Specifically, while the CAN is posted on the City’s website, it is still not accessible to everyday citizens.
● Expand outreach through community-based organizations in multiple languages (Spanish, Mandarin, and Vietnamese).
● Provide accessible summaries (i.e., infographics and short videos) explaining the plan’s goals and benefits. ● Host neighborhood-level adaptation discussions once the SLR Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment is complete.
● Offer stipends and/or childcare to reduce barriers to participation, ensuring feedback reflects Newark’s full demographic diversity.

Responses to Comments Ascent
City of Newark
6 Climate Action Newark
Response A3-4
Thank you for your comment, the City is committed to authentic community engagement to inform climate action decisions. The City hosted two community workshops during the development of CAN as well as an interactive project website that allowed participants to engage when it was convenient for them. The project website was also available in other languages through a Google Translate feature. Due to the limited project budget for CAN, the City conducted outreach in as meaningful a way as possible and will seek additional opportunities for engagement during CAN implementation.

Letter C4 Save the Bay
Laura Walsh, Policy Manager, October 20, 2025
Comment C4-2
We also support Action Com-3-A regarding the adoption of a local sea level rise adaptation plan and including the City of Fremont and the Alameda County Flood Control District as partners. Sea level rise impacts are not limited by city boundaries and the city's adaptation plan must be collaborative. Because cities are required by SB 272 to create a regional shoreline adaptation plan (RSAP) that complies with the guidelines set forth by BCDC we also note that Newark should consult with the agency and ensure that the plan aligns with all RSAP requirements. Additionally, we recommend that the City consider collaborating with other adjacent jurisdictions like Union City.

Response C4-2
We appreciate your support and acknowledge your request for RSAP compliance and partnering with local jurisdictions. The City is working with neighboring jurisdictions that are within the same operational landscape unit to ensure the local shoreline adaptation plan meets RSAP requirements. Union City is within a different operational landscape unit than Newark.

Comment C4-3
We’re pleased that CAN Strategy NBS-3 commits to protecting, restoring, and enhancing natural areas, wetlands, and ecosystems. The CAN acknowledges that wetlands buffer the city from flooding and provide crucial habitat for native wildlife. We support the actions in this section, including establishing a task force to develop a shared vision for balancing housing needs with the long-term protection and restoration of wetlands and developing a plan for managing and restoring the city’s wetlands.

However, we recommend that the city establish the proposed task force and wetland management plan before making any decisions on the proposed Mowry Village development on the West side of the City. The planned Mowry Village development is sited on historic wetlands that are better suited to habitat restoration and flood protection than they are to meeting the city’s housing needs. Few cities in the region have the kind of potential for wetland restoration that Area 4 offers in terms of physical space and connectivity to existing wetlands; and wetlands are a uniquely valuable ecosystem for municipalities in the Bay particularly due to their capacity to absorb storm surge and tidal energy over time.

Response C4-3
The Mowry Village project is a separate planning project that is not tied to CAN and has undergone a separate CEQA and development application process. CAN is not a qualified greenhouse gas reduction strategy pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) and therefore, does not require discretionary projects to comply with specific provisions.

Comment C4-4
As stated above, updating building standards are a practical way of preparing current and future development for increased flooding so that they have proper anchorage, design characteristics, and siting to avoid unnecessary flood damages. We support Action COM-3-C in evaluating the need for more flood-resilient building standards such as floor elevations and flood-resistant building materials. We recommend considering adoption of a sea level rise and groundwater rise overlay zone to establish minimum building standards for new developments within the 6.6-foot Ascent Responses to Comments
City of Newark
Climate Action Newark
7 sea level rise flood zone. OneShoreline, San Mateo County’s sea level rise planning agency, created template guidance language that can be adapted into Newark’s zoning code.

Response C4-4
The City understands your concerns regarding the integration of sea level rise and groundwater rise considerations in building standards. Development risks within the 6.6-foot sea level rise flood zone have been analyzed in the Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (SLR Study). The SLR Study will be used in conjunction with the implementation of CAN Action COM-3-C during the evaluation of new flood protection and resilience standards.

Letter C5 Urban Forest Friends
Yoo-Yoo Yeh, Newark Project Lead/Newark Resident, October 19, 2025.

Comment C5-1

2.3 Baseline Inventory, Table 2.2
Does this table account for Greenhouse Gas Emissions associated with:
(a) the Amazon Warehouse? Even from across the street, you can smell the gasoline fumes from the trucks idling there. Can this be measured?
(b) New construction? For example, vehicle miles travelled for heavy trucks, concrete pour, and removal of trees? (c) Electric vs Gasoline vehicles?
(d) Tree canopy decrease? (As recorded by West Coast Arborists' Newark Tree Inventory) Response C5-1
We have addressed your questions below:
(a) The inventory accounts for the fuel use and associated emissions from activities within the city limits and that are under the city's control. Fuel use from delivery trucks at the Amazon fulfillment center in Newark would be counted in the GHG inventory.
b) Emissions from the use of construction equipment that is registered within the city limits is included in the off-road sector of the emissions inventory. However, specific construction-generated greenhouse gas estimates associated with discretionary development is not included in the CAN GHG inventory because these details are unknown and are instead disclosed as part of the development’s environmental review process. c) Yes, emissions from gasoline, diesel, hybrid, and electric vehicles are included in the inventory under the on-road transportation sector. Additional information about the greenhouse gas emissions inventory can be found in Appendix A of CAN.
d) Carbon sequestration from the city’s existing tree canopy is not accounted for in the inventory. However, the City has estimated future carbon sequestered associated with tree planting as part of CAN Strategy NBS-1.

Comment C5-2
TR-2 Performance
Could it be clarified how a 15% increase in transit service miles or hours would correlate to a 50% increase in transit service frequency? Wouldn't it have to be 50% for both? Responses to Comments Ascent
City of Newark
8 Climate Action Newark
Response C5-2
The two key indicators, increase in transit service miles and increase in transit service frequency, are related but are not dependent on each other. Both increased transit service and increased transit frequency will reduce the number vehicle trips, however the City calculates the estimated emissions reductions associated with additional transit service miles (using number of miles) separately from increased service frequency (for example, number of buses per hour).

These key indicators were determined in the calculations for Action TR-5-E, based on the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association’s Handbook, equations T-25 and T-26. See CAN Appendix A for methodology.

Comment C5-3
Action TR-3-B
Has it been definitively shown that micromobility services truly provide an overall environmental benefit? I remember the early days of the "scooter wars" in San Francisco, when five different scooter companies left scooters everywhere, much of which ended up being junked when the companies failed. An e-scooter/e-bike has to serve a certain number of miles before it offsets its own carbon footprint - if it breaks before it reaches that threshold, it is a net negative carbon impact.

Response C5-3
We appreciate your concern about the impact of micromobility services. Potential emissions reductions achieved by micromobility are greatly dependent on the lifespan of equipment, the collection method of equipment, and whether they are dockless versus docked (Carlos, et al., 2024). However, when appropriately managed these technologies are beneficial to emissions reductions. When establishing partnerships with private micromobility companies, the City will consider the most effective deployment strategy for scooter and e-bike services. In addition, equipment parking will be managed to ensure pathways are not blocked.

Comment C5-5
TR-6
Does the 2035 and 2045 estimates for GHG reduction include the upcoming construction approved and currently in review for Newark within the next 10 years? For example, does this estimate include the Mowry Village construction plan, which includes tons of contaminated soil being removed, tons of soil to raise the ground 14ft above sea level, and a concrete retaining wall to hold in the infill and block sea level rise? Also, does this estimate include the idling of the trucks at the Amazon Warehouse? Response C5-5
As described in response to your question (b) in comment C5-1, emissions from the construction of specific discretionary development projects are not included in the inventory. CAN is not a qualified greenhouse gas reduction strategy pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) and therefore, does not require discretionary projects to comply with specific provisions. Rather, the Mowry Village project has prepared a project-specific emissions analysis as part of its Environmental Impact Report and is subject to relevant thresholds of significance provided by the Bay Area Air District and other agencies.

The greenhouse gas inventory evaluates emissions from delivery trucks and includes emission factors that quantify engine start up, idling, and running. CAN’s greenhouse gas inventory does not look at site-specific emissions but instead looks at activity throughout the city as reported in regional data sources.

Comment C5-4
Action TR-4-B, TR-4-C
There are startups working to install EV chargers at gas stations, please also include gas stations in this analysis.

Response C5-4
Gas stations have been included as a targeted area in the citywide study for EV expansion under CAN Action TR-4-B.

The intent of CAN Action TR-4-C is to establish a public-private partnership to fund the deployment and Ascent Responses to Comments
City of Newark
Climate Action Newark
9 maintenance of EV chargers. Gas station owners could be included as private sector stakeholders and the City will consider such entities as part of implementation of Action TR-4-C.

Comment C5-6
RES-2
To reach its zero-waste goals, city of Sunnyvale has a separate sorting step at their SMaRT station, to pull out compostables and recyclables from their incoming waste stream. This was the only way they could achieve their waste reduction goals. Is Republic Services open to adding an additional sorting step to recover materials from the waste stream? Please reference Sunnyvale's Climate Action Plan.

Response C5-6
The City appreciates your suggestion and for providing that example. The City is not aware of Republic Services’ specific plans to change its existing processes. However, Republic Services does publish recycling and composting guidelines for residents, has expanded organics and recycling infrastructure, and invested in technologies that capture landfill emissions. In its 2024 Sustainability Report, Republic Services does state “increase growth of recycling infrastructure and technology to expand diversion capacity” as one of its 2026-2029 accelerating actions.

Comment C5-11
Action NBS-1-D: I do not believe Newark has a "tree board or department" or a "community forestry program" at this time, but it would be wonderful to create both of these.

Response C5-11
The City has an Urban Forest Supervisor that oversees existing urban tree canopy efforts and maintenance. During the development of the Urban Forest Management Plan, the City will assess staff needs and resources to determine its capacity to establish additional urban forest positions and programs.

Comment C5-13
We understand that the 2025-2026 city budget is actually scaling back city support of our tree plantings, from six per year to four per year, in an effort to save costs. Please include a commitment to supporting at minimum four tree plantings per year if possible, preferably six.

Response C5-13
The City scaled back annual plantings from six events to four, a temporary measure driven by strategic planning and staffing.  The initial reduction was necessary to pause activity until the "Parks Grand Master Plan" was complete, ensuring we don't interfere with new amenity construction. For the next fiscal exercise, we will be requesting a budget increase to allow for either more frequent plantings or larger planting events.  The completed "Urban Forest Management Plan" will define our long-term needs, specifying tree numbers, types, and locations which will require the city to commit to a more serious level of funding and resource allocation.

Comment C5-17
Action NBS-4-A: Newark is within 1 mile of the bay and 1 mile of the Monarch overwintering site at Ardenwood. It is NOT recommended to plant any milkweed in Newark, as it can confuse the butterflies on their way to overwintering.

Please do not propose this. We are NOT supposed to plant milkweed in Newark, as we are too close to the Ardenwood overwintering site. Please see information here: https://xerces.org/blog/top-5-ways-californians-can-help western-monarchs#:~:text=If%20you%20live%20north%20of,behavior%20near%20their%20overwintering%20groves.

Would recommend UC Master Gardener's of Alameda County, California Native Plant Society, and ACWD as good partners for this area
Responses to Comments Ascent
City of Newark
10 Climate Action Newark
Response C5-17
The City does not intend to plant milkweed as part of the implementation of CAN Action NBS-4-A. The action states:
“Plan implementation can also include the installation of interpretive signage along the corridors to educate the public about pollinators and native plants, including the role of Newark and the Bay Area in the migration trail of the threatened Western Monarch butterfly species.” This refers to signage installation that may include a description of efforts to preserve the Monarch more broadly. The City will welcome input on species to be included in the plan once Action NBS-4-A implementation begins.

Comment C5-19
Action COM-4-B, COM-4-C, COM-4-D: Recommend working with local nonprofits Fremont LEAF (https://www.fremontleaf.org/) and UC Master Gardeners Alameda County (https://ucanr.edu/site/uc-mastergardener-program-alameda-county), which have expertise in running community gardens.

Response C5-19
The City will collaborate with interested community groups throughout the implementation of CAN actions. We encourage community groups that have not already been identified as CAN action partners to contact the City to participate in future projects and planning efforts.

Comment C5-20
Action MUN-1-C: Need to identify the trade-offs here between planting large shade trees in parking lots (clean air, carbon sequestration, shade) vs large solar arrays (clean energy, shade). For example, please do not build a solar carport at Newark Civic Center. This would require cutting down over 50 mature trees in the parking lot that were just planted in 2023.

Response C5-20
The City understands your concern and will account for existing trees in its determination of solar carport and battery storage system installation locations.

Comment C5-21
Please review the prioritization of TR-6 in this matrix. I believe TR-6 was not sufficiently prioritized, because the calculations did not take into consideration the GHG Emissions of potentially upcoming construction projects within the next 10 years, such as Mowry Village. If those were taken into account as a major negative affect on the GHG reduction, this should be much higher in priority.

Response C5-21
As described in response to your question (b) in comment C5-1, emissions from the construction of this specific discretionary development project is not included in the emissions forecast. The forecast does not account for the construction of any specific development project, as these are evaluated under a separate approval process. CAN does account for anticipated population and employment growth as contemplated in the Metropolitan Planning Commission’s Plan Bay Area 2050 forecasts, which is reflected in future emissions of various sectors covered in CAN, such as building energy and on-road transportation.

Letter C6 Resident
Jim Twietmeyer, Newark Resident, October 10, 2025.

Comment C6-1
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the Newark CAN. Here are some quick takes on the document.  It is 96 pages, so it is a significant amount of data to digest and comprehend.  Most people would struggle to understand the various components and information contained in the document.

Ascent Responses to Comments
City of Newark
Climate Action Newark
11  I do not recall seeing much historical data on issues such as Newark’s level of sea rise, etc.?  Page 11 1.3 states there will be evidence-based data using empirical evidence. I would guess most people do not know what a Empirical evidence is or the Empirical Rule.  Page 16 Newark Plans - The Newark 2013 is a 346-page document that most people have never heard of yet alone read. I would hope that at least City Council members would have read it. It does talk about the Transportation Plans. The Newark 2017 Pedestrian & Bicycle Master Plan is a 205-page document. It would be nice to see of summary of which items within these plans have been implemented and any measures of success to goals.

These length and extent of information in these documents would seem to present a challenge in peoples desire to read them in part or in full. It would probably be safe to assume most Newark residents do know even know the exist.

Having a summary of these documents and some examples of success where items such as bicycle lanes and public transportation have been adopted and proven beneficial would be nice.  Maybe how much actions have slowed down the rise of sea levels.  How the past years emissions controls have slowed or lowered the earth’s temperatures.  Examples with results of successful bicycle and public transit initiatives. For example, most people I talk to regarding the Fremont, CA the bicycle lanes do not have a favorable opinion on them. They see a lack bicycle riders, impacted intersections and traffic slow downs.

Hopefully, is somewhat helpful. I know it took many months and many people to develop and write the above documents and I hope they prove there worth.

Response C6-1
Thank you for your thorough review of CAN and providing recommendations. CAN is intended to be as public facing as possible while portraying technical information in a concise manner. The introduction provides background on recent local climate change impacts, in addition to the purpose on CAN as a guiding document to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to climate impacts. This level of detail provides the reader with context, without introducing too much information. And although the City did not record progress on previous Climate Action Plan actions, it will publish annual monitoring reports that provide updates on CAN progress and the status of each action.

Letter C7 Resident
Neelam Patil, Newark Resident, September 16, 2025.

Comment C7-1
Unfortunately I could not be part of the drafting of this plan. I'd like to suggest that the Miyawaki Method as well as a partnership with Green Pocket Forest be explicitly added to the Nature Based solutions section, not only for schools, but to address the cities priorities around expanding the urban tree canopy, managing stormwater, and restoring biodiversity.

Here is the legislation written about Miyawaki forests passed by City of Berkeley. It can be used as a reference in integrating this Nature Based Solution into the Newark Climate Action plan.

Response C7-1
Thank you for your recommendation regarding CAN nature-based solution strategies. The City will consider a variety of methodologies during CAN strategy implementation and establish partnerships with interested organizations.

Climate
Action Plan
Update
Presented to Newark City Council
January 22, 2026
It is our Mission to Serve and Partner with
our Community to Continually Enhance
the Quality of Life of Everyone in Newark.

We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Overview
2 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Overview and Objectives
• Comprehensively
update Newark’s
2010 CAP
• Align with State
GHG reduction
targets
• Address climate
mitigation and
adaptation
• Build upon
ongoing City
initiatives
• Engage the
community
• Provide
implementation
direction to staff
3 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Project Schedule
4 WE ARE HERE
We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Community
Engagement
• Workshop #1: September 25,
2024
• Project Website Launched:

February 17, 2025
• Workshop #2: April 17, 2025
5 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Final CAN
6 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Recap of Climate Mitigation Process
• 2022 communitywide inventory
• Emissions forecasts through 2045
• Newark-specific reduction targets in alignment with Stateadopted targets • New strategies and actions to reduce emissions and achieve targets
7 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Emissions Reductions from Legislation and CAN Strategies 8 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Strategy and Action Framework
9 • Focus Areas: common themes found throughout all strategies that encompass the emissions sectors
• Strategies: overarching categories for reducing emissions and adapting to climate change
• Actions: Tangible steps the City will take to implement strategies We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Estimated Emissions Reductions
There are 28 strategies and 95
actions.

Of these, four strategies are
responsible for 91% of emissions
reductions.
10 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Public Draft CAN
• Public comment period: September 8 – October 20, 2025 • 7 letters received from residents, local organizations, and partner agencies
• Themes of comments received:
• Additional focus on urban forest and tree canopy
• City response to sea-level rise concerns
• Implementation of CAN
• Comprehensive responses to all comments are attached to staff report
• Revisions made to clarify language and add community
partners interested in assisting the City with CAN implementation 11 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Implementation Plan
• Staff have prepared a 5-year implementation plan
• Serves as a workplan for the City, helping inform staff and budget allocations
• Incorporates the implementing departments, community
partners, and key performance indicators
• Identifies external costs, potential funding sources, and timelines • Accompanied by a key performance indicator tracker
12 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Implementation Actions for 2026
• Develop an urban forest management plan.
• Adopt the City of Newark Active Transportation Plan
and review related parking regulations.
• Complete the Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy
• Update the zoning ordinance to include transportation demand management standards for development
projects.
• Develop an education and outreach program that will
help spread awareness and support the implementation
of CAN.
13 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Staff Recommendation
• Staff recommends the City
Council, by resolution, adopt the
City of Newark’s Climate Action
Newark as an update to the
City’s 2010 Climate Action Plan.
14 We CAN | Climate Action Newark
Thank You
15 Item  F. 3.

DATE 01/22/2026
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Angela Tsui, Deputy Economic Development Director
SUBJECT    Economic Development Update and Informational Report The mission of the City's Economic Development efforts is to elevate, strengthen, and diversify Newark's local business economy through a variety of robust initiatives and targeted programs to positively impact the City's financial sustainability and to generate jobs for the local community.

Staff will present an update on work initiated and completed in the past year and share highlights of the Economic Development Division's upcoming work plan for 2026.

The presentation will include status updates on the following commercial sectors in Newark:

Industrial
Hotel
Retail
Small Business
Additional Economic Development and business-related initiatives and program updates will also be discussed.

Attachments
Annual Update to CC_01-22-26
January 22, 2026
Angela Tsui, Deputy Economic Development Director
Economic Development
Update
City Council: January 22, 2026
Economic Development Update
The Health of
Newark’s
Business
Ecosystem
Economic
Development
Efforts of
2025
Celebrating
Newark’s
Milestones
and
Achievements
Looking
Forward:
2026
Work Plan
Highlights
Overview:
2 The Health of Newark’s Business Ecosystem
• Market Sector Updates
• Newark’s Top Sales Tax Producers
Newark’s Commercial Markets
Industrial
• Prologis Central Ave Industrial Building project
approved in July 2025 (315,390 sq. ft.).
• Former Meta food facility located at 7380 Morton Ave leased in November 2025 to an Original Design Manufacturer (ODM) of cloud computing hardware (226,000 sq. ft.).
• An Industrial Lands Study has
resumed to ascertain
Newark's current inventory
and conditions.
4 Newark’s Commercial Markets
Biomedical/Biotech
• San Francisco Bay Area has competitive advantage with access to a highly educated workforce.
• Biotechnology was the largest sub-sector for employment with 65,293 jobs, Research and Testing with 29,801 jobs, and Biopharmaceuticals with 21,441 jobs.
• Newark has approximately 30 biomed
and bio-related companies, tripling
our count over the past two decades.
5 Newark’s Commercial Markets
Advanced Manufacturing & Life Sciences
• Southern Alameda County is a significant hub for advanced manufacturing: computer and electronic products, biomedical devices, cleantech, and electric vehicles.
• Based on a recent CBRE annual report, Newark and Fremont accounted for 85% of advanced manufacturing leases in Silicon Valley in 2025. • Newark is proud to have more than 70 companies
involved in a wide range of advanced manufacturing,
manufacturing, life science/biotech, and medtech
companies that provide almost 8,000 jobs to the
region.
6 Newark’s Commercial Markets
Hotels
• Newark has 11 hotel properties that contain 1,745 rooms. • As of November 2025, the Newark/Fremont trade area:
• 12-month occupancy is 64.1%
• 12-month Average Daily Rate (ADR) is $120
• 12-month Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR)
is $77.
• Year over year, 12-month occupancy in Newark/Fremont
has increased by 0.7%, 12-month ADR has changed -0.9%,
and 12-month RevPAR has changed by -0.3%.
• Measure LL is projected to generate approx. $2M for 2025. 7 Newark’s Commercial Markets
Retail
• Per CoStar Q4 2025, Newark's retail market has a
vacancy rate of 6% (includes NewPark Mall reporting
a 10% vacancy).
• The Newark retail market includes approximately

3.8M sq. ft. of inventory with no new retail space
currently under construction.
8 2025 Average Market Rents
Newark $3.24/sq. ft. per month
Fremont $2.99/sq. ft. per month
Union City $3.13/sq. ft. per month
East Bay Region $2.77/sq. ft. per month
Newark’s Commercial Markets
Newark’s Top 25 Sales Tax Producers (Q3 2025 in alpha order) Advanced Cell
Diagnostics Costco Cruise America Ditch Witch Bay Area
Equipmentshare.
com
Fremont Chrysler
Dodge Jeep Ram Flyers Fremont Ford Fremont Mazda Golden State Lumber Home Depot Keysight
Technologies Lucid Group USA Matheson Tri Gas Mitac Information Systems Co.

Motion Industries Nordstrom Quanta Computer Ross Service Partners Specialized
Packaging
Solutions
Tryon Vehicle
Titling Trust
Winn Kia of
Fremont Winn Volkswagen Zones
9 Economic Development Efforts of 2025
• Business Outreach & Engagement
• Newark in the News
Business Outreach and Engagement
Celebrating New Businesses
11 Business Outreach and Engagement
12 Business Attraction Efforts
International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)
• Community Development and Economic Development
staff, in partnership with City Council, attended ICSC
events to represent Newark in meeting with commercial
brokers, property owners, and developers to generate
interest and attract high-quality retailers to the city. • Deputy Economic Development Director Tsui holds a
leadership position for ICSC NorCal/N NV region, further elevating Newark’s presence within the retail sector.

Startup World Cup
The Economic Development Division sponsored
the East Bay regional competition of the Startup
World Cup and hosted an informational table to
engage with local and regional startups and
entrepreneurs.

How to Start a Business in Newark Guide
Continued to update and distribute this step-bystep guide, available in print and online in English and Spanish. 13
14 Try the Roulette Wheel App
to help you decide!
15 • On November 29, the Economic Development
Division, in partnership with the Newark Chamber
of Commerce and Newark Library, hosted a
community engagement event as part of national
Small Business Saturday.
• This is the second year the City has applied for and
been selected as a Neighborhood Champion by the
American Express program.

Business Outreach and Engagement
16 Business Outreach and Engagement
17 In addition to the ongoing PPRR Program
Spotlighting Newark in the Region
18 Community Engagement
19 Supporting the
Chamber of
Commerce
HR Meet Ups and
Roundtable
Convening
Newark Business
Buzz eNewsletter
Supporting the Old
Town Business
Association
(OTBA)
• Involved in
recruiting and
onboarding a
new CEO.
• CDD/ED staff
managed the
contract
agreement
approved by City
Council in 2022.
• Quarterly HR Meet
Ups continue to be
a key tool to engage
with the HR
professionals within
Newark companies.
• Hosted a
roundtable
convening for
Newark Hoteliers
held in November.
• The Business
Buzz eNewsletter
increased
frequency.
• Now published
monthly.
• Over 1,700
subscribers.
• Continued to
support the
OTBA.
• ED staff assisting
Public Works
with outreach to
businesses
regarding
streetscape
improvements.

Business Outreach & Engagement
Building and Maintaining Strong Relationships
20 Newark Business
Buzz eNewsletter
• The Business Buzz
eNewsletter includes
timely news and
business resources.
• Cross-promotes other
City departments and
programs.
• Now published
monthly.
• Over 1,700
subscribers.

Business Outreach & Engagement
Building and Maintaining Strong Relationships
21 Newark in the News
22 Celebrating Newark’s Milestones and Achievements
• Highlights of Current Demographic Data Points
Celebrating Current Growth and Achievements
Newark Statistics and Demographics
Newark Community Key Facts
Population: 47,529*
Median Age: 37.3**
Number of Households 15,184**
Mean/Avg. HH Income $207,090**
Bachelor's Degree & Higher 48.2%**
Newark’s top three largest
industry employers are:

Transportation & Warehousing,
Manufacturing, and
Professional/Scientific/Technical
Services.

To date, Newark has over 1,600
businesses, ranging from
entrepreneurs/small local
retailers/restaurants to larger
corporations.

Unemployment Rate
Newark (Nov 2025): 4.1%
Newark 2024 Annual Avg: 4.1%
Alameda County (Nov 2025): 4.6%
Alameda County 2024 Annual
Average: 4.5%

Source: Lightcast Q3 2025
Source: *2020 Decennial Census
**2023 ACS 5-Yr Estimates
Source: City of Newark Business License Source: State of California EDD 24 Celebrating Current Growth and Achievements
Highlights
25 Newark Receives Award
PPRR Program Awarded a CALED Award of Merit
• The PPRR (Plan, Prepare, Response, and Recovery)
program continued at a strong pace in 2025 in
collaboration with the Alameda County Fire Depart.
• To date, 97 businesses have successfully completed
the program, which includes the training of over 360 individuals now better equipped to respond in emergency situations. 26 Looking Forward: 2026 Work Plan Highlights
• Highlights of Economic Development Programs and
Initiatives to Strengthen Newark's Local Economy
Publish an Economic
Development Impact
Report
Finalize Industrial
Lands Study
• Publish an Economic
Development Impact
Report on an annual
basis to share with the
City Council and the
public as a review and
update of the City’s
economic
development work.
• Ascertain Newark's
inventory and capacity of
existing industrial assets.
• Gain a better
understanding of industry
needs and requirements.
• Explore the development
of an Industrial Areas
master plan to attract
more advanced
manufacturing.

Recognize local
businesses for special
achievements or other
unique contributions
made to the city
relating to economic
prosperity,
sustainability
or resiliency, or other
activities.
• Develop new
branding to support
renewed and
focused attraction
efforts across all
business sectors.
• This can also
include promoting
tourism and hotels.
2026 Work Plan Highlights
Strengthening Newark’s Vibrant Economy
Launch a Business
Recognition Program
Develop and Launch
New Economic
Development
Branding
28 Optimize ED’s
Web and
Social Media
Presence
Launch Mayor/CM
Business Site Visits
Program
• Improve Economic
Development
webpages with
additional resources
for small businesses
and entrepreneurs.
• Post fresh and
appealing content
on social media.
• Host Mayor/City
Manager Business
Site Visits as a
business retention
and expansion tool.
• To include industrial
companies, top sales
tax producers, auto
dealers, and retail
groups.

Continue
educating the
public of the
importance of
supporting local
businesses and
reminding
everyone to
Shop Newark!
Identify
opportunities to
benefit from
upcoming Bay
Area professional
sports tourism,
including NFL
Super Bowl 2026
and FIFA 2026.
2026 Work Plan Highlights
Strengthening Newark’s Vibrant Economy
Continue the
“Shop Newark”
Marketing
Campaign
Capitalize on
Bay Area
Professional
Sports Tourism
29 • The Urban Land Institute
(ULI) conducts Technical
Assistance Panels (TAPs) to
provide expert,
multidisciplinary advice to
local public agencies facing
complex land use and real
estate issues.
• Newark will host a ULI TAP
on February 25-26 to
explore opportunities to
reimagine an expanded
NewPark Place area/
Balentine Commercial
Corridor.
2026 Work Plan Highlights
Reimagine and Activate a Vibrant Commercial Corridor
30 Continued Initiatives and Programs
Highlights
“Shop Newark” Campaign
and “Flavors of Newark”
Restaurant Guide and
Roulette Wheel App
“Newark at a Glance”
Demographics and other
Marketing Efforts
Manufacturing Week
Activities
Launched the Welcome
Certificate Program & New
Business Visits
Commercial Broker Tours
and Responding to RFIs
Host Small Business
Workshops (in partnership
with the Newark Library)
Small Business Saturday
Event
Event Sponsorship:

East Bay Manufacturing
Summit, Startup World Cup,
State of the Valley, East Bay
Innovations Awards
Economic Development
Team
Active Outreach and
Business Engagement
31 Q&A
Economic Development Update
Item  F. 4.

DATE 01/22/2026
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Michelle Villanueva, Senior Accountant
SUBJECT    Accept the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR) for the period ending June 30, 2025.

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
The City’s financial condition remains strong as of the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025. The City’s net position increased by $24.5 million to $286.7 million, reflecting higher cash and investment balances and a reduction in long-term liabilities compared to the prior fiscal year. Government-wide revenues increased by $10.4 million to $113.6 million, primarily driven by higher sales tax receipts, including significant one-time allocations, and continued growth in property tax revenues resulting from increased assessed valuations and new development.

While FY 2024-25 results reflect favorable financial performance, a portion of the revenue growth is non-recurring in nature. At the same time, the City continues to experience ongoing cost pressures, particularly related to personnel, pension obligations, and contractual fire services. These factors underscore the importance of maintaining adequate reserves and exercising prudent long-term financial planning.

As of June 30, 2025, the City’s governmental funds reported a combined fund balance of $207.9 million, including $43.8 million in unassigned fund balance. Of this amount, approximately $23.6 million is internally designated for emergency and fiscal uncertainty reserves, consistent with Council-adopted fiscal policies and best practices.

These reserves provide financial stability and flexibility as the City navigates economic volatility and prepares for future budget cycles and capital needs.

The City received the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting for FY 2023-24, and staff anticipates receiving the same recognition for the FY 2024-25 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR), reflecting the City’s continued commitment to transparency, accountability, and sound financial management.

Staff recommends that the City Council, by motion, accept the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025.

BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
As part of the year-end closing process, staff presents the audited ACFR for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025.  The ACFR is a set of financial statements comprising all financial activity of the City and provides information on the City's year-end financial condition and operational results for FY 2024-25.  The information presented in the ACFR has been reviewed by an independent auditor, LSL, LLP.  LSL has issued an unmodified (or clean) audit opinion on the City's ACFR.  This opinion indicates that the financial statements represent fairly, in all material aspects, the financial position of the City in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The City's financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and in compliance with pronouncements issued by the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB).  The two government-wide financial statements provide a broad view of the City's financial position and activities in a manner similar to private sector business reporting.  The Statement of Net Position provides information regarding the City's financial position, including all assets and liabilities, and the Statement of Activities provides information regarding the City's revenues and expenses.  Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) immediately follows the independent auditors' report and provides a narrative overview and analysis of the basic financial statements.  The letter of transmittal is designed to complement the MD&A and should be read in conjunction with it.

Following the close of each fiscal year, the City's external auditors conduct an audit of the City's financial records.  The objective of general purpose external financial reporting is accountability and transparency.  The goal of the financial statement audit is to provide users with a reasonable assurance from an independent source that the information presented in the statements is reliable and free from material misstatements.

The Government Finance Officers Association of the United States and Canada (GFOA) awarded a Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting to the City of Newark for its ACFR for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024.  This prestigious award recognizes the City’s commitment to transparency, accountability, and high-quality financial reporting. It confirms that the ACFR complies with rigorous standards, including GAAP and legal requirements.

The award enhances the City’s credit profile, as bond rating agencies and financial institutions view it as evidence of sound fiscal management, resulting in better borrowing terms, lower interest rates, and taxpayer savings. To qualify, a government must produce a well-organized, compliant, and easily readable report. As the highest honor in government accounting, the Certificate is valid for one year. Staff is confident the FY 2024-25 ACFR will again meet these standards, further reinforcing Newark’s reputation for financial excellence.

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
The FY 2024-25 financial results reflect a combination of favorable economic conditions The FY 2024-25 financial results reflect a combination of favorable economic conditions and one-time revenue factors. Sales tax growth included significant one-time receipts that are not expected to recur at the same level in future years. Property tax revenues continued to grow due to assessed valuation increases and new development added to the tax rolls, providing a more stable long-term revenue source.

Expenditure growth remained relatively moderate; however, ongoing cost drivers, including pension obligations, employee benefits, and contractual fire services, continue to exert structural pressure on the City’s operating budget. These trends reinforce the importance of maintaining strong reserve levels and monitoring long-term cost sustainability as part of the upcoming biennial budget process.

Financial Highlights for FY 2024-25
Government-wide:

At June 30, 2025, the assets and deferred outflows of resources of the City exceeded its liabilities and deferred inflows of resources by $286.7 million (net position). This is an increase of $24.5 million from the prior fiscal year. Of this amount, $110.3 million is restricted, and $9.5 million represents unrestricted net position.

Government-wide revenues include program revenues of $21.3 million and general revenues of $92.3 million, an increase of $10.4 million total revenues from the prior fiscal year.

Government-wide expenses totaled $89.1 million, an increase of $1.1 million from the prior year's total of $88.0 million.

Governmental Funds:

At the close of FY 2024-25, the City's governmental funds reported combined fund balances of $207.9 million, an increase of $25.4 million in comparison with the prior fiscal year.

Governmental Fund revenues were $114.7 million in FY 2024-25, which was an $11.5 million increase compared to FY 2023-24.

Governmental Fund expenditures were $91.0 million in FY 2024-25, an increase of $1.5 million compared to FY 2023-24.

Approximately 21.1% of the fund balance ($43.8 million) is unassigned and available for spending at the government’s discretion, although $12.2 million is designated as emergency reserves and $11.5 million as fiscal uncertainty reserves. The remainder of the fund balance is either non-spendable, restricted, committed, or assigned to indicate that it is 1) non-spendable form or legally required to be maintained intact ($0.3 million), 2) restricted for specific purposes ($112.9 million), 3) committed for specific purposes ($3.5 million), or 4) assigned for specific purposes ($47.4 million). These reserves position the City to respond to economic uncertainty, emergencies, and future fiscal challenges while supporting long-term financial stability.

Long-Term Financial Considerations
The improvement in the City’s overall financial position includes a reduction in long-term liabilities; however, pension and other post-employment benefit obligations remain sensitive to actuarial assumptions and market conditions. Staff will continue to monitor these liabilities and incorporate updated projections into the City’s long-term monitor these liabilities and incorporate updated projections into the City’s long-term financial planning and biennial budget development to ensure ongoing fiscal sustainability.

FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact in accepting the FY 2024-25 ACFR.

ENVIRONMENTAL/PLANNING COMMISSION REVIEW
REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Prepared by - Michelle Villanueva, Senior Accountant
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by - David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
FY 2024-25 ACFR
FY2025 ACFR Presentation
City of Newark
Newark, California
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Prepared by:

Finance Department
Krysten Lee
Finance Director

City of Newark
Table of Contents
Page
Introductory Section
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................................................. i Letter of Transmittal........................................................................................................................................................ v Organization Chart.......................................................................................................................................................... xi Newark Mayor and City Council .................................................................................................................................... xii List of City Officials......................................................................................................................................................... xii Map of City’s Location .................................................................................................................................................. xiv Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting - Government Finance Officers Association.............................................................................................................. xv Financial Section
Independent Auditors’ Report........................................................................................................................................ 1 Management’s Discussion and Analysis......................................................................................................................... 5 Basic Financial Statements:

Government-Wide Financial Statements:

Statement of Net Position ................................................................................................................................ 18 Statement of Activities ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Governmental Fund Financial Statements:

Balance Sheet ...................................................................................................................................................20 Reconciliation of the Governmental Funds Balance Sheet
to the Government-Wide Statement of Net Position................................................................................ 23 Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances............................................................ 24 Reconciliation of the Governmental Funds Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances to the Government-Wide Statement of Activities............................................................................................................................... 27 Proprietary Fund Financial Statements:

Statement of Net Position ................................................................................................................................ 28 Statement of Activities ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Statement of Cash Flows..................................................................................................................................31 Fiduciary Fund Financial Statements:

Statement of Fiduciary Net Position................................................................................................................. 32 Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position .............................................................................................. 33 Notes to Basic Financial Statements....................................................................................................................... 35 i
Page
Financial Section, Continued
Required Supplementary Information:

Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance – Budget to Actual General Fund .................................................................................................................................................... 74 Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance – Budget to Actual Housing Impact Fees Fund................................................................................................................................ 75 Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance – Budget to Actual Development Maintenance Impact Fees.......................................................................................................... 76 Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance – Budget to Actual American Rescue Plan ACT (ARPA)................................................................................................................... 77 Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance – Budget to Actual Measure B 1986 ACTIA ..................................................................................................................................... 78 Notes to Required Supplementary Information ..................................................................................................... 79 Defined Benefit Pension Plan:

Schedule of Changes in Net Pension Liability and Related Ratios – Agent Multiple Employer Plan.......................................................................................................................... 80 Schedule of Plan Contributions - Agent Multiple Employer Plan..................................................................... 82 Schedule of Proportionate Share of the Net Pension Liability – Cost Sharing Plan .............................................................................................................................................. 84 Schedule of Plan Contributions – Cost Sharing Plan......................................................................................... 86 Other Post Employment Benefit Plan:

Schedule of Changes in Net OPEB Liability and Related Ratios........................................................................ 88 Schedule of OPEB Contributions.......................................................................................................................90 Page
Supplementary Information:

Non-Major Governmental Funds:

Combining Balance Sheet................................................................................................................................. 96 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures
and Changes in Fund Balances.................................................................................................................100 Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances – Budget and Actual:

Alameda County Fire Fees .............................................................................................................................105 FEMA...............................................................................................................................................................106 ii
Police Grants Fund.......................................................................................................................................... 107 Community Development Act (HCD) Fund..................................................................................................... 108 Measure D – Waste Management Fund......................................................................................................... 109 Gas Tax ........................................................................................................................................................... 110 Measure B (ACTC) ……………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................... 111 Measure BB (ACTC)..................................................................................................................................…....112 Measure F (VRF) ACTC Fund ........................................................................................................................... 113 RMRA SB1 – Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Account Fund ............................................................... 114 Hazardous Materials Program Fund............................................................................................................... 115 State Senate Bills Fund ...................................................................................................................................116 BSCC Grants Fund ........................................................................................................................................... 117 PEG Fees Fund ................................................................................................................................................ 118 Landscape and Lighting Districts ....................................................................................................................119 Public Safety Impact Fees Fund ......................................................................................................................120 Community Service Impact Fees Fund ...........................................................................................................121 Traffic Impact Fees Fund................................................................................................................................. 122 Park Impact Fees Fund....................................................................................................................................123 Art in Public Places Fund................................................................................................................................. 124 Miscellaneous State Grants Fund ...................................................................................................................125 Capital Projects Fund......................................................................................................................................126 Internal Service Funds:

Combining Statement of Net Position............................................................................................................ 128 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position................................................130 Combining Statement of Cash Flows.............................................................................................................. 132 Statistical Section
Net Position by Component......................................................................................................................................... 136 Changes in Net Position............................................................................................................................................... 137 Fund Balances of Governmental Funds....................................................................................................................... 138 Changes in Fund Balances of Governmental Funds..................................................................................................... 139 Assessed Value and Estimated Actual Value of Taxable Property............................................................................... 140 Property Tax Rates....................................................................................................................................................... 141 Principal Property Taxpayers....................................................................................................................................... 142 Property Tax Levies and Collections............................................................................................................................ 143 Taxable Sales by Category ........................................................................................................................................... 144 Ratio of Outstanding Debt by Type ............................................................................................................................. 145 Direct and Overlapping Governmental Activities Debt ............................................................................................... 146 Legal Bonded Debt Margin Information...................................................................................................................... 147 Demographic and Economic Statistics......................................................................................................................... 148 Principal Employers ..................................................................................................................................................... 149 Full-Time Equivalent City Government Employees by Function/Program.................................................................. 150 Operating Indicators by Function/Program................................................................................................................. 151 Capital Asset Statistics by Function/Program.............................................................................................................. 152 iii

City of Newark
Finance Department
37101 Newark Boulevard
Newark, CA 94560
December 19, 2025
Honorable Mayor, Members of the City Council, and the Citizens of the City of Newark, California:

I am pleased to present the City’
s Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR) for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Various financing covenants and rules associated with restricted funding sources require the City of Newark, California (City) to publish a complete set of audited financial statements presented in conformance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). This report was prepared by the City’s Finance Department to fulfill that requirement.

Management assumes full responsibility for the completeness and reliability of the information contained in this report, based upon a comprehensive framework of internal controls the City has established for this purpose. Because the cost of internal controls should not exceed anticipated benefits, the objective is to provide reasonable, rather than an absolute, assurance that the City’s financial statements are free of any material misstatements.

The independent certified public accounting firm LSL, LLP has rendered its unmodified opinion on the City’
s financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2025. The independent auditor’s report is presented at the front of the financial section of this ACFR.

Management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) immediately follows the independent auditor’s report and provides a narrative introduction, overview, and analysis of the basic financial statements. The MD&A complements this letter of transmittal and should be read in conjunction with it.

Profile of the City of Newark, California
The City of Newark, incorporated in 1955, is located on the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay at the end of the Dumbarton Bridge and in the northern part of Silicon Valley, fifteen miles north of San Jose, California. The City’s geographic location in the San Francisco Bay Area (Bay Area) is a significant factor affecting its economic position. The City represents a diverse and skilled workforce and is near universities and some of California’s largest and fastest growing companies. As of May 1, 2025, the City’s population was estimated by the California Department of Finance at 48,886, approximately 2.9% of the total Alameda County population. The City occupies an area of approximately fourteen square miles.

The City is a general law city and operates under the Council-Manager form of government. Under this form of government, policy-making and legislative authority are vested in a five-member elected City Council consisting of the Mayor and four Council members. The Mayor and City Council are responsible for passing ordinances, adopting and amending the operating and capital budgets, appointing various committee members, and hiring both the City Manager and City Attorney. The City Manager is responsible for carrying v
Effi
NEWARK
california
out the policies and ordinances established by the City Council, for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the City, and for appointing the various department heads.

The City provides a full range of municipal services to its citizens. These include police protection; construction and maintenance of streets, parks, storm drains, and other infrastructure; recreational activities and cultural events; planning, zoning, and other community development activities; and administrative services including information systems, human resources, and finance. Fire protection services are contracted from the Alameda County Fire Department.

The City’s financial report includes all funds and activities of the City of Newark as the primary government and its component unit, the Newark Public Financing Authority. The Newark Public Financing Authority is a blended component unit because the governing board consists of all five members of the City Council.

A biennial operating budget and capital improvement plan are adopted by City Council resolution prior to July 1 of even number years. This serves as the foundation for Newark’s financial planning and control. The City Council must approve all budget amendments and transfers between funds by resolution during the fiscal year. The City Manager is authorized to transfer unencumbered appropriations within a department within the same fund and is also authorized to assign funds from the unassigned fund balance per Statement No. 54 of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB 54).

Local Economy
The City of Newark’s economic condition, with its median income figures, low unemployment rate, and median household incomes surpassing state and national averages, remains strong. The City’s financial condition is also healthy as of the close of fiscal year 2025 with governmental revenues, comprised of taxes, fees, and grants, amounting to $114.7 million for fiscal year 2025 compared to $103.3 million for fiscal year 2024, marking an 11% year over year increase. Property tax revenue, representing the general fund’s largest revenue source, accounts for $34 million of total revenues and reflects the continued growth in the property tax assessment roll, which was $15.5 billion for fiscal year 2025. This reflects a 6.9% increase from the $14.5 billion assessed value from the prior year and is one of the largest property valuation increases in the County. Sales tax also came in strong for fiscal year 2025, reflecting the purchasing power of the community. Investment earnings, at $8.6 million, was also the highest recorded investment income in the last ten fiscal year as higher cash balances, despite a lower average investment yield compared to fiscal year 2024, generated higher investment income for the year.

The City was allocated a total of $11.8 million of State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds, provided by the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) which was passed by the Federal government on March 11, 2021. As of December 31, 2024, all grant funding was spent on personnel and program costs which were in response to the pandemic, or transferred to the General Fund as revenue replacement in conformance with guidelines established by the Department of Treasury.

The City has observed prudent spending of operating budgets and with continued improvements in the economy and revenue streams, has been filling positions to provide for continued services to the public. The City will continue to be prudent with its financial resources and closely monitor impacted revenue and maintain sufficient reserves to help mitigate the City’s budget should another emergency or recession scenario occur.
vi
Long-Term Financial Planning and Relevant Financial Policies In accordance with Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) risk-based analysis framework, the City maintains an Emergency and Fiscal Uncertainty Reserve calculated as at least 30% of final General Fund operating and debt service expenditures. The reserve is intended to help the City mitigate risks and respond to financial challenges during economic downturns, emergencies, or cyclical deficits when annual expenditures exceed revenues. As of June 30, 2025, the reserve totaled $23.6 million, which was 30.0% of final General Fund operating and debt service expenditures. This amount is reflected as unassigned fund balance in the General Fund, but it is prudent fiscal policy to recognize that these funds are not intended for normal unanticipated expenditures.

In addition to the Emergency and Fiscal Uncertainty Reserve, a new Maintenance Reserve was created in November 2024 with an initial funding of $7.0 million from accumulated surplus funds from the General Fund. An additional $1.0 million was added at the close of fiscal year 2025.

The Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits (OPEB) Reserve had an initial deposit of $5.0 million when it was adopted in fiscal year 2017. Subsequent funding transfers, made available by salary savings, were added to this reserve and in fiscal years 2021 and 2022, additional discretionary payments were paid to CalPERS for $10.0 million (Safety) and $5.0 million (Miscellaneous), respectively. During fiscal year 2025, a Public Agency Retirement Services (PARS) Section 115 Trust was created to fund future pension obligations. At the close of fiscal year 2025, the pension and OPEB reserve had a balance of $16.2 million, including the PARS trust investment which grew to $12.7 million from its initial $12.0 million funding in January 2025.

Major Policy and Development Initiatives
Revenue Initiatives
Measure LL
On November 5, 2024, Newark voters approved Measure LL with 80.44% support. This measure increases the City’s current Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT) rate from 10% to 14%, with an effective date of January 2025. The effect of this measure increased TOT revenue by $1.0 million in the second half of fiscal year 2025.

Master Fee Update
After a year long study to evaluate and update the City fees, the City Council approved the City’s Cost Recovery Policy and updated Master Fee Schedule on November 14, 2024, ensuring that fees reflect the actual cost of service delivery. The updated Master Fee Schedule and Cost Recovery Policy supports financial sustainability by establishing fair and accurate fee structures and includes a framework for regular views to maintain fairness and consistency with Newark’s financials goals. Certain fees took effect immediately while updated fees for fire protection and development services became effective 60 days after, in compliance with California Government Code 66017. Overall, license, permits and fee revenue were up $1.0 million compared to the prior fiscal year. vii
The City of Newark’s major development initiatives include:

Policy Implementation:
2023-2031 General Plan Housing Element
The Housing Element is part of Newark’s General Plan and identifies policies and actions to meet the housing needs of the City’s current and future residents at all income levels. In December 2023, the State of California’s Department of Housing and Community Development certified the Housing Element as conforming with State law. The City is currently implementing many of the Housing Element programs, including:
• First-Time Homebuyers Program – The City is currently working with a consultant team to develop and administer a below-market (or affordable) homeownership program and a down payment assistance program. The program aims to make homeownership more accessible, with a focus on BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) residents and first-time homebuyers. In addition, to the First-Time Homebuyers Program, Newark promotes other local initiatives to encourage homeownership.
• Objective Design Standards – The City is developing Objective Design Standards to offer singleunit and multiple-unit applicants and developers a clear, measurable understanding of residential and mixed-use development expectations which will align with state laws and apply to projects governed by the Housing Accountability Act and related legislation. • Accessory Dwelling Units – The City is in the process of updating its ADU Ordinance. ADUs play an important part in Newark’s housing supply and are part of the solution to address the statewide affordable housing shortage.
• Tenant Protections – The City is preparing programs and ordinances to enhance tenant’s rights in Newark and prevent displacement. Renters represent a significant portion of the Newark community, and their concerns are a top priority for the City. • Local Preference – A local preference policy prioritizes people who live or work in the local community for new affordable housing opportunities.
• Inclusionary Housing Ordinance - An inclusionary housing ordinance requires new residential projects to set aside a percentage of units for affordable housing or to make a payment in lieu of fees towards affordable housing. Currently, the City charges an affordable housing development impact fee to mitigate new development’s demand for additional housing in Newark.

Key Development Projects:

Mowry Village Residential
The applicant, Mowry Project Owner LLC, will be demolishing the existing onsite structures, remediating the site, and constructing 203 single-family detached homes and associated onsite improvements. The project would also include off-site improvements along Mowry Avenue. An auto part and scrap metal salvage lot, known as "Pick-n-Pull" is currently located on the project site. The site is located in the Area 3 & 4 Specific Plan area.

The project will rezone the project site from Park to RS-6000: Residential Single-Family with Planned Unit Development Overlay (PD-RS-6000). The rezoning request is to better align the zoning with the proposed use of the project and the existing General Plan designation. The project requires a Planned Unit viii
Development, Specific Plan Amendment, Vesting Tentative Map, and Design Review. The applicant has recently proposed eliminating seven market-rate single-family units and adding a multi-family residential building containing 30 affordable rental units. The City Council approved this project in December 2025.

ProLogis
In September 2025, the City Council approved an entitlement request submitted by Prologis for a new industrial building and on-site improvements. The new industrial building will be 315,390 square feet, including 33,800 square feet of office space.

Awards and Acknowledgements
The Government Finance Officers Association of the United States and Canada (GFOA) awarded a Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting to the City of Newark for its Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR) for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. To be awarded a Certificate of Achievement, a government must publish an easily readable and efficiently organized, annual comprehensive financial report. The report must satisfy both generally accepted accounting principles and applicable legal requirements. The Certificate of Achievement is the highest form of recognition in the field of government accounting.

A Certificate of Achievement is valid for a period of one year only. We believe that our current ACFR continues to meet the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting Program's requirement, and we are submitting it to GFOA to determine its eligibility for another certificate.

The preparation of the ACFR would not be possible without the dedicated efforts of the entire Finance Department staff. I would like to express special acknowledgment to our auditors LSL CPAs, for their cooperation and assistance.

Finally, sincere appreciation is expressed to the City Manager, the Mayor, and members of the City Council for their unfailing support for maintaining the highest standards of professionalism in review and management of the City's finances.

Respectfully submitted,
Krysten Lee
Finance Director
ix

EĞǁĂƌŬ
ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ
DĂLJŽƌΘ
ŝƚLJŽƵŶĐŝů
ĚǀŝƐŽƌLJ
ŽŵŵŝƚƚĞĞƐ
ŝƚLJDĂŶĂŐĞƌ
ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚŝƚLJ
DĂŶĂŐĞƌ
&ŝŶĂŶĐĞ
ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ
ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ
WŽůŝĐĞŚŝĞĨ ůĂŵĞĚĂŽƵŶƚLJ
&ŝƌĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
WĂƌŬƐΘWƵďůŝĐ
tŽƌŬƐŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ
ZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶΘ
ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ
ŝƚLJ
ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ
ŝƚLJůĞƌŬ
,ƵŵĂŶ
ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ
/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ
dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ
^LJƐƚĞŵƐ
ƵĚŐĞƚΘ
ĐĐŽƵŶƚŝŶŐ
dƌĞĂƐƵƌLJΘ
Ğďƚ
ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŝŽŶ
&ŝƐĐĂů
ŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ
ŶŝŵĂůΘ
ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ
>ŝĐĞŶƐĞ
WŽůŝĐĞ
ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŝŽŶ
WŽůŝĐĞ
KƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ
ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ
WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ

ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
^ƵĐĐĞƐƐŽƌŐĞŶĐLJƚŽ
ƚŚĞZĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ŐĞŶĐLJ
WĂƌŬƐ
DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ
ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
/ŶƐƉĞĐƚŝŽŶ

ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ
'ĞŶĞƌĂů
ZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶ
^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
^ĞŶŝŽƌ
^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
&ŝƌĞ
KƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ
&ŝƌĞ
WƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŽŶ
ŝƚLJƚƚŽƌŶĞLJ
xi
x
r ""'
/
,... 4 fe
\. ~ ~
r "'I / '
~ 4 f4 4
◄ t \. ~ ~ .\..
,., r " / / '
~ fe fe fe 4
... ◄ t \. ~ ~ '-
r "' /' ' / r
-- ~ re re re 4
\. ~ ./ '- \. ./
• t
r "' '
- fe fe -
\. ~ '-
• t r " ' / ' '
~ f4 f4 f4 4
\. ,) '- ./ '-
r ~ ' /'
'--t ~ re 4
\. ~ '- '- ./ ./
Newark Mayor & City Council
June 30, 2025
Michael K. Hannon
Mayor
Eve Marie Little
Vice Mayor
Terrence Grindall
Council Member
Matthew Jorgens
Council Member
Julie Del Catancio
Council Member
xii

CITY STAFF
June 30, 2025

CITY MANAGER
David Benoun

ASSISTANT CITY MANAGER
Lenka Hovorka

CITY ATTORNEY
Kristopher Kokotaylo

EXECUTIVE TEAM

FINANCE DIRECTOR
Krysten Lee

POLICE CHIEF
Jonathan Arguello

PUBLIC WORK DIRECTOR
Howard Young

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR
Steven Turner

HUMAN RESOURCE DIRECTOR
Brittney Frye

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIRECTOR
Ed Miranda

RECREATION DIRECTOR
Nicholas Cuevas
FIRE CHIEF (ALAMEDA CO. FIRE

DEPARTMENT)
William McDonald
xiii
xiv
MARIN
COUNTY
....................... •••••••••••• ••••• • • • •••• • ♦ • • SAN o ANSELMO
MILL VALEY o
•. •••• ·:.·:.·.·.·.·:.·:.·: .·:.·: :: .•.•••.•.•.•.•• ·.·: .·:.·. A ...... ... ............. ... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.~ .. ..................... ........ .... ..... .. .................. ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ♦ ••• • •• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ♦ •••••• ••• • •• • •• • • • • •• • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .. ......... .. ........ ............ ....... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ............. ............. .. .......... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... .. ....... ........................ ......

SAN MATEO
COUNTY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... .... ........... ....... ............ ... ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ...... ... ............ .. .. ... ....... ............. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SANTA CRUZ
COUNTY
0 CONCORO

CONTRA COSTA
COUNTY
o PLEASANTON

ALAM EDA
COUNTY

SANTA CLARA
COUNTY
101
Government Finance Officers Association
Certificate of
Achievement
for Excellence
in Financial
Reporting
Presented to
City of Newark
California
For its Annual Comprehensive
Financial Report
For the Fiscal Year Ended
June 30, 2024
Executive Director/CEO
xv
e

LSLCPAS.COM
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT
To the Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
City of Newark, California
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements
Opinions
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of the governmental activities, each major fund, and the aggregate remaining fund information of the City of Newark, California, (hereafter, the City) as of and for the year ended June 30, 2025, and the related notes to the financial statements, which collectively comprise the City’s basic financial statements as listed in the table of contents.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the respective financial position of the governmental activities, each major fund, and the aggregate remaining fund information of the City as of June 30, 2025, and the respective changes in financial position, and, where applicable, cash flows thereof, for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinions
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America and the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the City and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions.

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the City’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months beyond the financial statement date, including any currently known information that may raise substantial doubt shortly thereafter.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinions.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee 1 Ls~ ....
•••• ••
~ ,mw,":,1.,,., M,-mf,,,, 111 I 111e Association of Ad\llsory ?;I PrimeGlobal nndAcrouuN.qFim,s To the Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
City of Newark, California
that an audit conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and Government Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and Government Auditing Standards, we:
• Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the City’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed. • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements. • Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the City’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the audit.

Required Supplementary Information
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that the management’s discussion and analysis, budgetary comparison information, and required pension and other post-employment benefits schedules as listed on the table of contents be presented to supplement the basic financial statements. Such information is the responsibility of management and, although not a part of the basic financial statements, is required by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board who considers it to be an essential part of financial reporting for placing the basic financial statements in an appropriate operational, economic, or historical context. We have applied certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which consisted of inquiries of management about the methods of preparing the information and comparing the information for consistency with management’s responses to our inquiries, the basic financial statements, and other knowledge we obtained during our audit of the basic financial statements. We do not express an opinion or provide any assurance on the information because the limited procedures do not provide us with sufficient evidence to express an opinion or provide any assurance.

Supplementary Information
Our audit was conducted for the purpose of forming opinions on the financial statements that collectively comprise the City’s basic financial statements. The accompanying combining and individual fund financial statements and schedules (supplementary information) are presented for purposes of additional analysis and are not a required part of the basic financial statements. Such information is the responsibility of management and was derived from and relates directly to the underlying accounting and other records used to prepare the basic financial statements. 2 Ls~ ....
•••• ••
To the Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
City of Newark, California
The information has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic financial statements and certain additional procedures, including comparing and reconciling such information directly to the underlying accounting and other records used to prepare the basic financial statements or to the basic financial statements themselves, and other additional procedures in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. In our opinion, the supplementary information is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the basic financial statements as a whole.

Other Information
Management is responsible for the other information included in the annual report. The other information comprises the introductory and statistical sections but does not include the basic financial statements and our auditors’ report thereon. Our opinions on the basic financial statements do not cover the other information, and we do not express an opinion or any form of assurance thereon.

In connection with our audit of the basic financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and consider whether a material inconsistency exists between the other information and the basic financial statements, or the other information otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work performed, we conclude that an uncorrected material misstatement of the other information exists, we are required to describe it in our report.

Other Reporting Required by Government Auditing Standards In accordance with Government Auditing Standards, we have also issued our report dated December 10, 2025, on our consideration of the City’s internal control over financial reporting and on our tests of its compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements and other matters. The purpose of that report is solely to describe the scope of our testing of internal control over financial reporting and compliance and the results of that testing, and not to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the City’s internal control over financial reporting or on compliance. That report is an integral part of an audit performed in accordance with Government Auditing Standards in considering City’s internal control over financial reporting and compliance.

Sacramento, California
December 19, 2025
3 Ls~ ....
•••• ••
4 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
For the year ended June 30, 2025
As management of the City of Newark (City), we offer readers of the City's financial statements this narrative overview and analysis of the financial activities of the City for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Summary reports showing comparisons of current financial information with that of the previous year are included to enhance the clarity and usefulness of the reports. To gain a broad perspective of the City and its financial activities, we encourage the reader to consider the information presented here, in conjunction with the information that we have provided in the letter of transmittal presented at the beginning of this report.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Government-wide:
• At June 30, 2025, the assets and deferred outflows of resources of the City exceeded its liabilities and deferred inflows of resources by $286.7 million (net position). This is an increase of $24.5 million from the prior fiscal year. Of this amount, $110.3 million is restricted, and $9.5 million represents unrestricted net position.
• Government-wide revenues include program revenues of $21.3 million and general revenues of $92.3 million, an increase of $10.4 million total revenues from the prior fiscal year. • Government-wide expenses totaled $89.1 million, an increase of $1.1 million from the prior year's total of $88.0 million.

Governmental Funds:
• At the close of fiscal year 2025, the City's governmental funds reported combined fund balances of $207.9 million, an increase of $25.4 million in comparison with the prior fiscal year. • Governmental Fund revenues were $114.7 million in fiscal year 2025, which was an $11.5 million increase compared to fiscal year 2024.
• Governmental Fund expenditures were $91.0 million in fiscal year 2025, an increase of $1.5 million compared to fiscal year 2024.
• Approximately 21.1% of the fund balance ($43.8 million) is unassigned and available for spending at the government’s discretion, although $12.2 million is designated as emergency reserves and $11.5 million as fiscal uncertainty reserves. The remainder of the fund balance is either non-spendable, restricted, committed, or assigned to indicate that it is 1) non-spendable form or legally required to be maintained intact ($0.3 million), 2) restricted for specific purposes ($112.9 million), 3) committed for specific purposes ($3.5million), or 4) assigned for specific purposes ($47.4 million).

OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
This discussion and analysis are intended to serve as an introduction to the City's basic financial statements, which consists of three components: 1) Government-wide Financial Statements, 2) Fund Financial Statements, and 3) Notes to Basic Financial Statements. Required Supplementary Information is included in addition to the basic financial statements.
5 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
The Government-wide Financial Statements provide readers with a broad overview of the City's financial position and activities, using accounting methods similar to those in private-sector businesses. The Government-wide Financial Statements include the Statement of Net Position and the Statement of Activities. • The Statement of Net Position - presents information on all the City's assets, liabilities, and deferred inflows/outflows of resources, with the residual amount reported as net position. Over time, increases or decreases in net position may serve as a useful indicator of whether the financial position of the City is improving or deteriorating.
• The Statement of Activities - provides information on how the City's net position changed during the most recent fiscal year. All revenues earned and expenses incurred during the fiscal year are reported in this statement, regardless of the timing of related cash flows.

The Government-wide Financial Statements only present governmental activities because the City does not have business-type activities. The governmental activities of the City include general government, public safety, streets and parks, community development, and recreation. Property and local taxes, investment earnings, charges for services, operating and capital grants, and contributions finance these activities.

Fund Financial Statements
Funds are groupings of related accounts that are used to maintain control over resources that have been segregated for specific activities or objectives. The City uses fund accounting to ensure and demonstrate compliance with finance-related legal requirements. The funds of the City can be divided into three categories: governmental funds, proprietary funds, and fiduciary funds.

Governmental Fund Financial Statements are used to report essentially the same functions as governmental activities in the Government-wide Financial Statements. However, unlike the Government-wide Financial Statements, Governmental Fund Financial Statements focus on near-term inflows and outflows of spendable resources, as well as the available balances of spendable resources at the end of the fiscal year. This information may be useful in assessing the City's near-term financial requirements.

In order to better understand the City's long-term and near-term financial requirements, it is useful to compare the information presented for governmental funds with the information provided for governmental activities in the Government-wide Financial Statements. Both the governmental funds' balance sheet and statement of revenues, expenditures, and changes in fund balances provide a reconciliation to facilitate the comparison between governmental funds and governmental activities.

The City reports 33 governmental funds. The 13 major governmental funds are the General Fund, Public Safety Impact Fees Fund, Community Service Impact Fees Fund, Traffic Impact Fees Fund, Housing Impact Fees Fund, Park Impact Fees Fund, Development Maintenance Fees Fund, American Rescue Plan Act Fund, Measure B 1986 ACTIA Fund, Art in Public Places Fund, Miscellaneous State Grants, Capital Projects Fund, and Public Financing Authority, which are presented separately in the Governmental Fund Financial Statements. Information on the other governmental funds is combined into a single aggregated presentation as non-major governmental funds. Individual fund data for each non-major governmental fund is provided in the form of combining statements as supplementary information elsewhere in the report.
6 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Proprietary funds of the City consist of the internal service funds. The internal service funds are used to accumulate and allocate costs internally among the City's various functions. The City uses internal service funds to account for its Equipment Replacement, Technology Replacement, Equipment Operations, Office Support, Building Maintenance, Public Liability Self-Insurance, and Workers' Compensation functions. Because these services predominantly benefit governmental activities, they have been included within governmental activities in the Government-wide Financial Statements.

The City's seven internal service funds are combined into a single aggregated presentation in the Proprietary Fund Financial Statements. Individual fund data for the internal service funds is provided in the form of combining statements as supplementary information elsewhere in the report.

Fiduciary funds are used to account for resources held for the benefit of parties external to the City. These funds are not included in the Government-wide Financial Statements because the resources of the fiduciary funds are not available to support the City's programs. The City's Fiduciary Fund Financial Statements provide financial information about the activities of the Special Assessment Districts, for which the City acts solely as a custodian.

These funds are reflected as Custodial Funds in the Statements of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position.

Notes to Basic Financial Statements
The Notes to Basic Financial Statements provide additional information that is essential to a full understanding of the data presented in the Government-wide and Fund Financial Statements.

Supplementary Information
The Required Supplementary Information includes budgetary comparison schedules for the General Fund, Public Safety Impact Fees Fund, Community Service Impact Fees Fund, Traffic Impact Fees Fund, Housing Impact Fees Fund, Park Impact Fees Fund, Development Maintenance Fees Fund, American Rescue Plan Act Fund, and Measure B – 1986 ACTIA Fund.

Combined and individual fund statements and schedules provide information for non-major governmental and internal service funds and are presented immediately following the Required Supplementary Information.

GOVERNMENT-WIDE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The table on the following page shows the condensed comparative Statement of Net Position for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
7 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
As noted earlier, net position may serve over time as a useful indicator of the City's financial position. The City's assets and deferred outflows of resources exceeded its liabilities and deferred inflows by $286.7 million (net position), which was an increase of $24.5 million from the prior fiscal year.

The most significant portion of the City's net position, $167.2 million, reflects its investment in capital assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, equipment, vehicles, leases and subscription-based information technology arrangements), less any related outstanding debt used in acquiring those assets (net investment in capital assets).

The City uses these capital assets to provide a variety of services to its residents; consequently, they are not available for future spending. Although the City's investment in its capital assets is reported net of related debt, it should be noted that the resources required to repay the outstanding debt must be provided from other sources since the capital assets cannot be used to liquidate the debt.

Another portion of the City's net position, $110.2 million, are resources subject to external restrictions and may only be used for the purpose intended by the entities that provided these funds to the City. The remaining balance of the City's net position of $9.3 million represents the unrestricted net position, which may be used to finance daily operations without constraints established by debt covenants or other legal requirements.

Assets: 2025 2024
Cash and investments $210.2 $190.5
Capital assets, net 234.2 231.5
Other assets 26.3 22.3
Total assets 470.7 444.3
Deferred outflow of resources 26.1 37.2
Liabilities:

Long-term liabilities 181.8 186.1
Other liabilities 22.4 23.0
Total liabilities 204.2 209.1
Deferred inflow of resources 5.9 10.2
Net Position:

Net investment in capital assets 167.2 163.9
Restricted 110.2 113.5
Unrestricted 9.3 (15.2)
Total net position $286.7 $262.2
Governmental Activities
8 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
The following table shows the condensed comparative Statements of Activities for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Revenues: 2025 2024
Program revenues:

Charges for services $ 11.5 $ 11.4
Operating grants and contributions 3.2 6.4
Capital grants and contributions 6.6 5.3
Total program revenus 21.3 23.1
General revenues:

Taxes:

Property tax 34.0 31.5
Sales tax 29.1 21.4
Transient occupancy tax 6.3 5.2
Franchise fees 5.2 4.9
Utility users tax 4.8 4.0
Other local taxes 2.4 2.5
Use of money and property 9.3 9.4
Miscellaneous 1.2 1.2
Total general revenues 92.3 80.1
Total revenues 113.6 103.2
Expenses:

General government 13.6 13.0
Public safety:

Fire 14.3 13.6
Police 30.9 30.8
Public works 16.4 17.6
Community development 4.4 3.4
Recreation 7.6 7.2
Interest on long-term debt 1.9 2.4
Total expenses $ 89.1 $ 88.0
Increase (decrease) in net position 24.5 15.2
Net position - beginning 262.2 247.0
Net position - ending $ 286.7 $ 262.2
Comparative Statements of Activities
June 30, 2025 and 2024
(Amounts in Millions)
Governmental Activities
9 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
The City's expenses totaled $89.1 million in fiscal year 2025 . These expenses were offset by program revenues of $21.3 million and general revenues of $92.3 million, resulting in a $24.5 million increase in the ending net position which was $286.7 million for fiscal year 2025.

Program Revenues – Program Revenues include fees and other specific charges designed to cover all or part of the costs of programs provided to the residents. Operating grants and contributions at $3.2 million, was half of last year’s amount due to the final year of applying American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) grant funding. ARPA recognized $4.8 million of revenue during fiscal year 2024 while fiscal year 2025 recognized $1.1 million of revenue. A majority of the expenditures and revenue were recognized in prior years to ensure expenditure obligations met the grant term end date of December 31, 2024. Capital grants and contributions increased $1.3 million, due to the reimbursement receipt from Alameda County Transportation Commission (Alameda CTC) for the Central Avenue Overpass Project. Charges for services was relative flat compared to the prior year. This category of revenue includes the various impact fees as well as department license, permit and fee revenues. While overall impact fee revenue was down in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024 reflecting fluctuations in development activity, overall increases in license, permit and fee revenues resulting from the updated master fee study, helped to offset the reduction in impact fee revenue.

General Revenues – The City’s general revenues were $12.2 million more compared to the prior fiscal year. Property tax revenue, representing the largest portion of general revenues, was $2.5 million, or 7.9% more favorable. The continued rise in property tax revenue can be attributed to the increase of assessed valuations of secured property in the City as well as the addition of new development to the tax rolls. Both residential and industrial property values increased, 7% and 5.4%, respectively, while commercial property value went up 4.1%. Sales tax revenue was $7.7 million, or 36.0 % higher compared to the prior fiscal year, due to significant one-time receipt allocations. Transient occupancy tax at $6.3 million was 21.2% higher compared to fiscal year 2024, reflecting the voter-approved rate change from 10% to 14% under Measure LL that took effect on January 1, 2025. Franchise fees for fiscal year 2025 were $5.2 million, slightly higher than the $4.9 million from fiscal year 2024 as some providers (PG&E and Republic Services) incurred rate increases, which resulted in higher gross revenues from which to calculate franchise fee revenue. Utility users tax revenue increased from $4.0 million to $4.8 million in fiscal year 2025 due largely to increased energy costs which comprises about 74% of total utility users tax revenue.

Expenses – Expenses increased by $1.1 million in fiscal year 2025 which was 1.3% over fiscal year 2024. Most departments were higher over the prior year due to negotiated salary increases of 4%. Benefit increases and rising pension costs also contributed to higher expenses year over year. In addition, fire services contracted with the Alameda County Fire District increased by 6.7% or approximately $860 thousand.

FUND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Governmental Funds
The City's governmental funds provide information on short-term inflows, outflows, and balances of spendable resources. This information is useful in evaluating the City's financing requirements. In particular, unassigned fund balance may serve as a useful measure of the government's net resources available for spending at the end of the fiscal year.

On June 30, 2025, the City's governmental funds reported combined fund balances of $207.9 million, an increase of $25.4 million compared to the prior fiscal year. Approximately 54% of the fund balance amount ($112.9 million) is restricted for specific purposes. The remainder of the fund balance is either non-spendable, committed, assigned, or 10 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
unassigned to indicate that it is 1) non-spendable form or legally required to be maintained intact ($0.3 million), 2) committed for specific purposes ($3.5 million), 3) assigned for specific purposes ($47.4 million), or 4) unassigned and available for spending at the government’s discretion ($43.8 million). Further details of the fund balances can be found in Note 10 in the disclosures.

Governmental revenues in fiscal year 2025 were $114.7 million, $11.5 million higher than the prior fiscal year due to the combined increase in revenues as noted previously: property tax ($2.5 million), sales tax ($7.7 million), transient occupancy tax ($1.1 million) and utility users tax ($0.8 million).

Governmental expenditures in fiscal year 2025 were $91.0 million, an increase of $1.5 million from the prior fiscal year. The combined increases in public safety and community development expenditures were offset by the combined decreases in public works and capital outlay expenditures. The increase in subscriptions outlay also contributed to the overall net increase in governmental expenditures.

General Fund
The General Fund is the primary operating fund of the City. At June 30, 2025 , the spendable, assigned and unassigned fund balance of the General Fund was $80.1 million, while total fund balance was $98.6 million. The City Council has maintained operating reserves of $23.6 million to provide the City a cushion for unexpected events, such as legal liability or costs associated with an unexpected disaster. The assigned fund balance also includes $21.2 million for Measure GG and a $6.2 million allocation for equipment replacement.

The fund balance of the City's General Fund increased by $25.7 million from fiscal year 2024. Overall revenues of $96.8 million were offset by $75.6 million of expenditures and net transfers-in of $4.5 million. The increase in revenue year over year is largely attributable to the growth in property tax, sales tax, transient occupancy tax, and utility users tax as described previously. Expenditures were higher $6.0 million in fiscal year 2025 compared to the previous year to account for more filled personnel positions in conjunction with negotiated salary, benefit and pension cost increases, along with contractual service agreement increases. General Fund transfers include the $7.0 million transfer from the Capital Improvement Fund which was set aside in the previous year to initially fund the Maintenance Reserve. In addition, the last transfer from the ARPA fund to the General fund for $1.0 million was recorded during fiscal year 2025 and served largely to fund positions which were frozen at the onset of the COVID pandemic. Transfers-out include the $4.8 million transfer from the Measure GG fund to the debt service fund for payment on the 2019 COP and $0.39 million to the Capital Improvement Fund to help fund the Newark Resource Center.

Public Safety Impact Fees Fund
The Public Safety Impact Fees Fund accounts for fees which provide funding for additional or improved police and fire services whose need is generated by new development within the City. Revenues of $227.2 thousand were added to the fund balance during fiscal year 2025, with no expenditures incurred. Although the rate for Public Safety Impact Fees decreased by 1.1% for the year, the increase in residential development project activity resulted in higher revenue.

Community Service Impact Fees Fund
The Community Service Impact Fees Fund accounts for fees which provide funding for additional or improved governmental, social, and cultural facilities and are generated by new development within the City. Revenues of $183.9 thousand were added to the fund balance during fiscal year 2025, with no expenditures incurred. The fee for 11 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Community Service Impact Fund have also decreased by 1.1% but the revenues are higher than the prior year due to more residential development activity.

Traffic Impact Fees Fund
The Traffic Impact Fees Fund accounts for fees which provide funding for additional traffic signals or improved traffic operations. Total revenues of $1.0 million (comprised of $431.1 thousand of fees and $537.2 thousand investment income) were added to fund balance during fiscal year 2025, with $350 thousand expenditures incurred. Project expenditures include $300 thousand for the Central Avenue Overpass project and $50 thousand for the Traffic Signal Interconnect project.

Housing Impact Fees Fund
The Housing Impact Fees Fund is comprised of fees adopted by the City Council over several years, and accounts for fees collected into the City’s affordable housing fund that are restricted for and to be used solely to increase and preserve the supply of housing affordable to households of very low, low, and moderate incomes. The Housing Impact Fee Fund reported $2.8 million of revenue ($1.4 million each in impact fee revenue and investment income). Total loan receivables went up by $250 thousand during fiscal year 2025 for the Thornton Avenue Apartments project. As of the end of June 30, 2025, $12.5 million in total housing loans have been issued. More information can be found in Note 5 regarding these loans.

Park Impact Fees Fund
The Park Impact Fees Fund accounts for fees which provide funding for park land and new improvements. Revenues were $1.2 million ($862 thousand from impact fees and $333.9 thousand from investment income). Expenditures were $194.7 thousand in fiscal year 2025. Impact fee revenue are noticeably down from the prior fiscal year ($1.9 million) to reflect prior year projects winding down.

Development Maintenance Fees Fund
The Development Maintenance Impact Fees Fund accounts for fees which provide funding to update and implement the Newark General Plan and zoning ordinance. Revenues were $797.1 thousand ($631.8 thousand from development maintenance fees and $165.3 thousand from investment income), with expenditures totaling $1.4 million in fiscal year 2025 covering both personnel and contractual services. The significant increase in contractual services from the prior year is related to the Climate Action Plan and Sea Level Rise Assessment projects.

American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) Fund
The American Rescue Plan Act Fund reports Federal funds received in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. $1.1 million is reported as current year income and matches current year use of funds for expenditures and transfers. This $1.1 million in revenue represents the balance of the grant and was required to be spent or obligated before the end of calendar year 2024 which is the end of the period of performance for using the federal funding.

Measure B – 1986 ACTIA Special Revenue Fund
The Measure B – 1986 ACTIA Special Revenue Fund accounts for funds previously received by the Alameda County Transportation Authority as part of a 1986 sales tax measure passed by the voters of Alameda County to finance 12 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025
various transportation improvements. However, the measure expired in 2002, and the City no longer receives sales tax revenues related to the measure. Alameda County Transportation Commission (Alameda CTC) has a project funding agreement with the City to reimburse eligible costs incurred by the City for the Central Avenue Overpass Project. The revenue of $2.9 million reported during fiscal year 2025 was a reimbursement as part of this agreement.

The expenditures in this fund during fiscal year 2025 were from street construction projects, specifically the Central Avenue Overpass project.

Art in Public Places Fund
The Art in Public Places Fund accounts for fees collected from developers to be used for the procurement and enhancement of public art. Revenues were $105.4 thousand in fiscal year 2025 and expenditures of $224.5 thousand were incurred. The majority of expenditures are related to the Old Town Gateway project.

Miscellaneous State Grants
The Miscellaneous State Grants Fund accounts for funding provided by cooperating agencies for capital related expenditures. Included in unearned revenue is $4.6 million to fund expenditures for recycling, broadband, and Quiet Zone projects.

Capital Projects Fund
The Capital Projects Fund incurred $3.8 million of expenditures, of which $3.5 million wasfor capital outlay. Significant projects include $1.3 million spent for the Newark Resource Center Renovations, $1.3 million for the Security Cameras and Building Access Management Project, and $365 thousand for the Old Town PDA Streetscape Improvements. Other financing sources includes transfers of $399 thousand as loan proceeds from the California Energy Commission and a combined $612.4 thousand from the general fund, ARPA fund, and state grants to fund various projects. The $7 million transfer to the General Fund was a return from the previous year transfer from the General Fund to set aside funds for the new Maintenance Reserve.

Public Financing Authority Debt Service Fund
The City issued $63.0 million of 2019 Certificates of Participation (COPs) to help finance the construction of the new civic center in fiscal year 2020. Debt service of $4.8 million was paid out during fiscal year 2025 and was funded through a transfer from the Measure GG fund.

Proprietary Funds
The City's proprietary funds consist of the Internal Service Funds with a combined total net position of $12.5 million at the end of fiscal year 2025. Total operating revenue of $10.0 million, namely from charges to departments, largely offset expenses of $8.6 million which includes spending for personnel ($1.8 million), materials and supplies ($0.8 million), contractual services ($1.7 million), utilities ($1.2 million), insurance claims and premiums ($2.2 million), and depreciation ($0.9 million).

13 City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025

GENERAL FUND BUDGETARY HIGHLIGHTS
The budgetary comparison schedule for the General Fund is presented in the Required Supplementary Information.

Fiscal year 2025 was the first year of the City's biennial budget, which was adopted on June 27, 2024. The General Fund revenue budget for fiscal year 2025 was amended during the year, increasing it by $2.5 million. The actual revenues were $9.5 million over the final amended budget and $12.1 million over the original budget. This increase was primarily due to higher than anticipated Property Tax, Sales and Transactions and Use Sales Tax (Measure GG) as a result significant one-time receipts and Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT) revenue. The TOT occupancy rate change from 10% to 14% under Measure LL, was approved by the voters in the November 2024 General Municipal Election and took effect January 1, 2025. Actual expenditures excluding transfers for the fiscal year were $17.8 million under the final amended budget and $5.1 million less than the original budget. Funding for the $12.0 million pension Section 115 trust was originally budgeted as an expenditure but subsequently recognized as a reclass of unrestricted cash to restricted investment. The balance of expenditure savings is attributed to savings in contractual spending as certain planned projects or programs were delayed or not started.

CAPITAL ASSETS
The City's capital assets include those assets that are used in the performance of the City's services. At June 30, 2025 , the City's capital assets used in governmental activities amounted to $234.2 million, net of depreciation.

Capital assets for governmental activities are presented below to illustrate changes from prior fiscal year (amounts in millions):

Additional information on capital assets can be found in Note 4 to the Basic Financial Statements. 14 Governmental Activities
2025 2024
Land $4.4 $4.4
Park land 30.1 30.1
Landscaping 8.8 8.8
Street trees 0.7 0.7
Construction in progress 9.2 9.2
Building a nd improvements 130.3 128.9
Infrastructure :

Streets 87.5 84.1
Sidewa lks, curbs, gutters, a nd wa lls 19.8 19.8
Street lights 4.8 3.2
Traffic signals 3.9 3.9
Equipment 19.3 18.8
Less: accumulated depreciation (86.1) (81.0)
Subscri ption assets, net of amortization 1.4 0.6
Total capital as.sets $234.2 $231.5
City of Newark
Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Continued
For the year ended June 30, 2025

LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS
On June 30, 2025, the City had long-term debt outstanding of $66.9 million compared to $67.2 million in the prior year.

The City's long-term debt obligations at June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (amounts in millions):

Additional information on long-term obligations is provided in Note 7 to the Basic Financial Statements.

ECONOMIC FACTORS AND CURRENT BIENNIAL BUDGET
The City's adopted biennial budget for 2024-2026 recognized that:
• Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy will continue to be steady, but the imprint of the recession continues to play a role in future planning, making it prudent to continue using conservative projections and retain emergency reserves.
• The increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has been increasing, and the U.S. Bureau of labor Statistics indicate an upward trend in consumer prices within the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward area. • Capital project expenditures will continue to focus on preserving City assets, meeting regulatory requirements, and safety issues. In addition, allocation of resources will be given to projects that improve service levels to the community, take advantage of outside funding matches, and implement community priorities.

Additional information about the City's economy and financial planning and policies is provided in the accompanying letter of transmittal in the Introductory Section of this report.

REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
This financial report is designed to provide citizens, taxpayers, customers, investors, and creditors with a general overview of the City's finances. Questions concerning any information provided in this report or requests for additional information should be addressed to the City of Newark, Finance Department, 37101 Newark Boulevard, Newark, California 94560-3796.
15 Certificat es of participation
Financed purchase obligations
CA Energy Commission loan
Subscript ion software
Total long-term debt
Governmental Activities
2025
$61.9

1.9 1.6

1.5 $66.9
2024
$64.9

0.5 1.2

0.6 $67.2
16 BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
17 City of Newark
Statement of Net Position
June 30, 2025
Primary Government
ASSETS Governmental
Current assets: Activities
Pooled cash and investments $197,527,493
Receivables:

Accounts 347,318
Taxes 7,025,597
Special assessments 507
Intergovernmental 4,777,345
Interest 559,376
Loans 12,496,294
Other, net 624,731
Supplies and other assets 453,797
Restricted assets:

Cash with fiscal agent 12,708,956
Total current assets 236,521,414
Noncurrent assets:

Capital assets (subscriptions), net of amortization 1,384,473 Capital assets, not being depreciated 53,224,636
Capital assets, net of depreciation 179,617,736
Total noncurrent assets 234,226,845
Total assets 470,748,259

DEFERRED OUTFLOW OF RESOURCES
Pension related amounts 25,092,228
OPEB related amounts 934,544
Deferred charge on refunding 31,618
Total deferred outflow of resources 26,058,390

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable 7,891,385
Accrued liabilities 1,737,160
Unearned revenues 4,909,614
Deposits payable 1,547,875
Compensated absences - due within one year 2,367,129
Claims payable - due within one year 304,773
Subscription liability - due within one year 413,214
Financed purchased obligations - due within one year 368,767 Loan payable - due within one year 178,715
Bonds payable - due within one year 2,720,000
Total current liabilities 22,438,632
Noncurrent liabilities:

Compensated absences - due in more than one year 249,201 Claims payable - due in more than one year 2,802,190
Subscription liability - due in more than one year 1,107,157 Financed purchased obligations - due in more than one year 1,534,749 Loan payable - due in more than one year 1,419,550
Bonds payable - due in more than one year 59,160,433
Net pension liability 113,238,297
Net OPEB liability 2,283,853
Total noncurrent liabilities 181,795,430
Total liabilities 204,234,062

DEFERRED INFLOW OF RESOURCES
Pension related amounts 4,815,642
OPEB related amounts 1,034,980
Total deferred inflow of resources 5,850,622

NET POSITION
Net investment in capital assets 167,165,083
Restricted for:

Capital projects 57,022,539
Grant-funded projects 337,253
Other Projects:

Affordable Housing 48,861,299
Community Development 3,818,887
Other purposes 177,840
Total restricted 110,217,818
Unrestricted 9,339,064
Total net position $286,721,965
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
18 City of Newark
Statement of Activities
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Net (Expense)
Revenue
and Changes
in Net Position
Operating Capital
Charges for Grants and Grants and Governmental
Functions / Programs Expenses Services Contributions Contributions Total Activities Primary Government:

Governmental activities:

General government $ 13,560,056 $ 61,990 $ 597,187 $ - $ 659,177 $ (12,900,879) Public safety:

Fire 14,333,374 82,601 - - 82,601 (14,250,773)
Police 30,878,503 982,653 1,066,730 - 2,049,383 (28,829,120) Public works 16,427,010 5,403,408 699,165 6,554,560 12,657,133 (3,769,877) Community development 4,424,519 2,537,696 402,911 - 2,940,607 (1,483,912) Recreation 7,618,832 2,402,840 465,211 - 2,868,051 (4,750,781) Interest on long-term debt (unallocated) 1,851,379 - - - - (1,851,379) Total governmental activities $ 89,093,673 $ 11,471,188 $ 3,231,204 $ 6,554,560 $ 21,256,952 (67,836,721) General Revenues:

Taxes:

Property tax 34,018,698
Sales tax 29,068,433
Transient occupancy tax 6,255,072
Franchise Fees 5,157,821
Utility users tax 4,815,242
Other local taxes 2,444,762
Total taxes 81,760,028
Intergovernmental—motor vehicle in-lieu, unrestricted 74,816 Use of money and property (investment loss) 9,338,430
Miscellaneous 1,185,345
Total general revenues 92,358,619
Change in net position 24,521,898
Net position - beginning of year 262,200,067
Net position - end of year $ 286,721,965
Program Revenues
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
19 City of Newark
Balance Sheet
Governmental Funds
June 30, 2025
Capital Projects
Fund
Housing Development American Park
General Impact Maintenance Rescue Plan Measure B - Facilities Fund Fees Fees Act (ARPA) 1986 ACTIA Impact Fees
ASSETS
Pooled cash and investments $ 81,716,473 $ 36,368,784 $ 3,904,690 $ - $ - $ 8,766,105 Receivables:

Accounts 347,318 - - - - -
Taxes 7,025,597 - - - - -
Special assessments - - - - - -
Intergovernmental 53,941 - - - 2,919,314 -
Interest 559,376 - - - - -
Loans 3,779 12,492,515 - - - -
Other 583,176 - - - - -
Due from other funds 3,703,033 - - - - -
Inventories 304,772 - - - - -
Restricted assets:

Cash and investments with fiscal agents 12,694,122 - - - - - Total assets $ 106,991,587 $ 48,861,299 $ 3,904,690 $ - $ 2,919,314 $ 8,766,105 LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES:

Liabilities:

Accounts payable $ 6,215,084 $ - $ 120,223 $ - $ 2,164 $ 37,831 Accrued liabilities 677,835 - 83,073 - 123,774 -
Deposit payable 1,239,936 - - - - -
Unearned revenues 142,253 - - - - -
Due to other funds - - - - 3,575,790 -
Total liabilities 8,275,108 - 203,296 - 3,701,728 37,831

DEFERRED INFLOWS OF RESOURCES
Unavailable revenue 72,546 - - - - -
Total deferred inflows of resources 72,546 - - - - -
Fund Balances (Deficit):

Non-spendable 308,551 - - - - -
Restricted 14,670,822 48,861,299 3,701,394 - - 8,728,274 Committed 3,537,570 - - - - -
Assigned 35,359,952 - - - - -
Unassigned (deficit) 44,767,038 - - - (782,414) -
Total fund balances (deficit) 98,643,933 48,861,299 3,701,394 - (782,414) 8,728,274 Total liabilities, deferred inflows of
resources, and fund balances (deficit) $ 106,991,587 $ 48,861,299 $ 3,904,690 $ - $ 2,919,314 $ 8,766,105 Special Revenue Funds
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
20 Debt Service
Fund
Public Safety Community Traffic Art Misc. Capital Public Other Total Facilities Service Facilities Facilities in Public State Projects Financing Governmental Governmental Impact Fees Impact Fees Impact Fees Places Grants Fund Authority Funds Funds $ 1,817,513 $ 1,277,558 $ 13,556,964 1,879,937$ 4,609,854$ $ 12,709,547 $ - $ 18,686,696 $ 185,294,121 - - - - - - - - 347,318
- - - - - - - - 7,025,597
- - - - - - 507 507
- - - - 888,439 - - 915,651 4,777,345
- - - - - - - - 559,376
- - - - - - - - 12,496,294
- - - - - - - 12,668 595,844
- - - - - - - - 3,703,033
- - - - - - - - 304,772
- -
- - - - - - 14,834 - 12,708,956
$ 1,817,513 $ 1,277,558 $ 13,556,964 1,879,937$ 5,498,293$ $ 12,709,547 $ 14,834 $ 19,615,522 $ 227,813,163 $ - $ - $ 4,887 $ 46,500 $ - $ 419,095 $ - $ 503,569 $ 7,349,353 - - 51,006 - - - - - 935,688
- - - - - 234,272 - 73,667 1,547,875
- - - - 4,609,854 - - 157,507 4,909,614
- - - - - - - 127,243 3,703,033
- - 55,893 46,500 4,609,854 653,367 - 861,986 18,445,563 - - - - 888,439 - - 460,921 1,421,906
- - - - 888,439 - - 460,921 1,421,906
- - - - - - - - 308,551
1,817,513 1,277,558 13,501,071 1,833,437 - - 14,834 18,505,748 112,911,950 - - - - - - - - 3,537,570
- - - - - 12,056,180 - - 47,416,132
- - - - - - - (213,133) 43,771,491
1,817,513 1,277,558 13,501,071 1,833,437 - 12,056,180 14,834 18,292,615 207,945,694 $ 1,817,513 $ 1,277,558 $ 13,556,964 1,879,937$ 5,498,293$ $ 12,709,547 $ 14,834 $ 19,615,522 $ 227,813,163 Capital Projects Funds
21 22
City of Newark
Reconciliation of the Governmental Funds Balance Sheet
to the Government-Wide Statement of Net Position
Total Fund Balances - Total Governmental Funds $ 207,945,694

Subscription assets used in governmental activities were not current financial resources. 1,384,473 Capital assets used in governmental activities were not current financial resources. Therefore, they were not reported in the Governmental Funds Balance Sheet. 227,118,662 Long-term debt and compensated absences that have not been included in the governmental fund activity:

Subscription payable (1,520,371)
Bonds payable (54,355,000)
Loan payable (1,598,265)
Unamortized bond premium/discounts (7,525,433)
Unamortized loss on defeasance 31,618
Compensated absences (2,616,330) (67,583,781)
Net pension liability not included in governmental fund activity (113,238,297) Net OPEB liability not included in governmental fund activity (2,283,853) Deferred outflows related to pension items are not included in the governmental activity 25,092,228 Deferred inflows related to pension items are not included in the governmental activity (4,815,642) Deferred outflows related to OPEB items are not included in the governmental activity 934,544 Deferred inflows related to OPEB items are not included in the governmental activity (1,034,980) Deferred inflows related to unavailable revenue are not included in the governmental activity 1,421,906 Accrued interest payable for the current portion of interest due on bonds and software subscriptions that have not been reported in governmental funds (709,769) Internal service funds are used by management to charge the costs of certain activities, such as equipment management and self-insurance, to individuals. The assets and liabilities of the internal service funds must be added to the statement of net position Cash and investments available for operations 12,233,372 Other receivables 28,887
Supplies and other assets 149,025
Capital assets 5,723,710
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (633,735)
Finance purchase obligation (1,903,516)
Claims payable (3,106,963) 12,490,780

Net Position of Governmental Activities $ 286,721,965
June 30, 2025
Amounts reported for governmental activities in the Statement of Net Position were different because:

See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
23 City of Newark
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances Governmental Funds
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Capital Projects
Fund
Housing Development American Park
General Impact Maintenance Rescue Plan Measure B - Facilities Fund Fees Fees Act (ARPA) 1986 ACTIA Impact Fees
REVENUES:

General property taxes $ 34,018,698 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Other local taxes 47,741,330 - - - - -
Special assessments 271,923 - - - - -
Licenses, permits and fees 4,727,707 1,379,001 631,820 - - 862,064 Other governmental agencies 640,268 - - 1,125,043 2,919,314 - Current service charges 2,402,840 - - - - -
Fines and forfeitures 570,644 - - - - -
Use of money and property 5,971,454 1,416,735 165,258 - - 333,886 Other revenue 506,305 - - - - -
Total revenues 96,851,169 2,795,736 797,078 1,125,043 2,919,314 1,195,950 EXPENDITURES:

Current:

General government 11,605,717 - - - - -
Public safety:

Fire 14,200,890 - - - - -
Police 27,348,143 - - - - -
Community development 3,014,306 19,017 1,193,316 - - -
Recreation 6,190,011 - - 65,772 - -
Public Works 11,673,847 - - - - 75,037
Capital outlay - subscriptions 1,294,705 - - - - -
Capital outlay 43,990 - 164,519 - 392,214 118,631
Debt service:

Principal repayment - subscriptions 240,464 - - - - -
Interest and fiscal charges - subscriptions 10,164 - - - - - Principal repayment - - - - - -
Interest and fiscal charges - - - - - -
Total expenditures 75,622,237 19,017 1,357,835 65,772 392,214 193,668 REVENUES OVER (UNDER) EXPENDITURES 21,228,932 2,776,719 (560,757) 1,059,271 2,527,100 1,002,282 OTHER FINANCING SOURCES (USES):

Other financing source (subscriptions) 1,294,705 - - - - - Other financing source (loan proceeds) - - - - - -
Transfers in 8,399,460 - - - - -
Transfers out (5,185,489) - - (1,059,271) - -
Total other financing sources (uses) 4,508,676 - - (1,059,271) - - Net change in fund balances 25,737,608 2,776,719 (560,757) - 2,527,100 1,002,282 Beginning of year 72,906,325 46,084,580 4,262,151 - (3,309,514) 7,725,992 End of year $ 98,643,933 $ 48,861,299 $ 3,701,394 $ - $ (782,414) $ 8,728,274 Special Revenue Funds
24 Debt Service
Fund
Public Safety Community Traffic Art Misc. Capital Public Other Total Facilities Service Facilities Facilities in Public State Projects Financing Governmental Governmental Impact Fees Impact Fees Impact Fees Places Grants Fund Authority Funds Funds $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 34,018,698
- - - - - - - - 47,741,330
- - - - - - - 397,863 669,786
157,607 134,968 431,131 27,375 - - - 73,485 8,425,158
- - - - 152,517 - - 6,200,168 11,037,310
- - - - - - - - 2,402,840
- - - - - - - - 570,644
69,628 48,967 537,219 78,037 - - 21,471 695,775 9,338,430 - - - - - - - - 506,305
227,235 183,935 968,350 105,412 152,517 - 21,471 7,367,291 114,710,501 - - - - - - - - 11,605,717
- - - - - - - - 14,200,890
- - - - - - - 458,247 27,806,390
- - - - - - - - 4,226,639
- - - 224,530 - - - 194,194 6,674,507
- - - - 3,480 84,339 - 1,345,799 13,182,502
- - - - - - - - 1,294,705
- - 354,549 - - 3,582,567 - 2,115,655 6,772,125
- - - - - 126,719 - - 367,183
- - - - - 7,535 - - 17,699
- - - - - - 2,585,000 - 2,585,000
- - - - - - 2,232,700 - 2,232,700
- - 354,549 224,530 3,480 3,801,160 4,817,700 4,113,895 90,966,057 227,235 183,935 613,801 (119,118) 149,037 (3,801,160) (4,796,229) 3,253,396 23,744,444 - - - - - - - - 1,294,705
- - - - - 399,025 - - 399,025
- - - - - 612,390 4,795,824 27,308 13,834,982
- - - - (149,037) (7,000,000) (62,253) (383,694) (13,839,744) - - - - (149,037) (5,988,585) 4,733,571 (356,386) 1,688,968 227,235 183,935 613,801 (119,118) - (9,789,745) (62,658) 2,897,010 25,433,412 1,590,278 1,093,623 12,887,270 1,952,555 - 21,845,925 77,492 15,395,605 182,512,282 $ 1,817,513 $ 1,277,558 $ 13,501,071 1,833,437$ $ - $ 12,056,180 $ 14,834 $ 18,292,615 $ 207,945,694 Capital Projects Funds
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
25 26
City of Newark
Reconciliation of the Governmental Funds Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances to the Government-Wide Statement of Activities For the year ended June 30, 2025
Net Change in Fund Balances - Total Governmental Funds $ 25,433,412

Governmental funds report software subscriptions and capital outlays as expenditures.

However, in the statement of activities, the costs of those assets are allocated over their estimated useful lives as amortization and depreciation expense. This is the amount by which subscription and capital outlays exceeded amortization and depreciation in the current period.

Subscriptions outlay 1,294,705
Subscriptions amortization (524,225)
Capital outlay 6,772,125
Depreciation (5,874,608) 1,667,997
Repayment of subscription and bond principal is an expenditure in the governmental funds, but the repayment reduces long-term liabilities in the statement of net position.

Principal repayments on subscriptions 367,183
Other financing source (subscriptions) (1,285,451)
Other financing source for the state energy program is not recognized as revenue in governmental funds and is recognized as a loan payable (399,025) Principal repayments 2,585,000
Amortization of deferred charges (29,183)
Amortization of bond premium 441,039 1,679,563
Unavailable revenue accrual which is not recognized in the governmental fund activity. (1,104,184) Accrued interest for long-term liabilities. This is the net change in accrued interest for the current period. 1,493
Compensated absences expenses reported in the statement of activities do not require the use of current financial resources and, therefore, are not reported as expenditures in governmental funds. (428,358)
Pension expenses recognized in accordance with GASB68 not recognized in the governmental fund activity. (4,880,318)
OPEB expenses recognized in accordance with GASB75 not recognized in the governmental fund activity. 828,030
Internal service funds were used by management to charge the costs of certain activities to individual funds. The net revenue of the internal service funds was reported with governmental activities. 1,324,263

Change in Net Position of Governmental Activities $ 24,521,898 Amounts reported for governmental activities in the Statement of Activities and Changes in Net Position were different because:

See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
27 City of Newark
Statement of Net Position
Proprietary Funds
June 30, 2025
Governmental
Activities -
Internal
Service Funds
ASSETS
Current assets:

Cash and investments $ 12,233,372
Other receivables 28,887
Supplies and other assets 149,025
Total current assets 12,411,284
Noncurrent assets:

Capital assets, net of accumulated depreciation 5,723,710 Total assets 18,134,994

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable 542,032
Accrued liabilities 91,703
Financed purchased obligations - due within one year 368,767 Claims payable - due within one year 304,773
Total current liabilities 1,307,275
Noncurrent liabilities:

Financed purchased obligations - due in more than one year 1,534,749 Claims payable - due in more than one year 2,802,190
Total non-current liabilities 4,336,939
Total liabilities 5,644,214

NET POSITION
Net investment in capital assets 3,820,194
Unrestricted 8,670,586
Total net position $ 12,490,780
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
28 City of Newark
Statement of Activities
Proprietary Funds
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Governmental
Activities -
Internal
Service Funds
OPERATING REVENUES:

Charges to departments $ 9,762,000
Other revenue 180,008
Total operating revenues 9,942,008
OPERATING EXPENSES:

Personnel services 1,773,912
Materials and supplies 819,815
Contractual services 1,733,077
Utilities 1,178,391
Insurance claims and premiums 2,218,803
Depreciation 884,180
Total operating expenses 8,608,178
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) 1,333,830
NONOPERATING REVENUES (EXPENSES):

Interest expense (14,329)
Total nonoperating revenues (expenses) (14,329)
INCOME(LOSS) BEFORE TRANSFERS 1,319,501
Transfers in 4,762
Total transfers 4,762
Change in net position 1,324,263
NET POSITION:

Beginning of year 11,166,517
End of year $ 12,490,780
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
29 30
City of Newark
Statement of Cash Flows
Proprietary Funds
For the year ended June 30, 2025
Governmental
Activities -
Internal
Service Funds
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Receipts from other funds $ 9,942,008
Payments to suppliers/other fund (4,429,575)
Payments to employees (1,773,912)
Claims paid (2,218,803)
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,519,718
CASH FLOWS FROM CAPITAL AND RELATED FINANCING ACTIVITES:

Payments on financed purchased obligations (93,182)
Acquisition of capital assets (458,307)
Interest paid and fiscal charges (14,329)
Net cash provided by capital and related financing activities (565,818) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 958,662
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:

Beginning of year 11,274,710
End of year $ 12,233,372

RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING INCOME TO NET
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Operating income $ 1,333,830
Adjustments to reconcile operating income to net
cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation 884,180
Changes in current assets and liabilities:

Other assets (23,420)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (674,872)
Total adjustments 185,888
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,519,718
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
31 City of Newark
Statement of Fiduciary Net Position
Fiduciary Funds
Custodial
Funds
ASSETS:

Pooled cash and investments $ 2,663,605
Assessment receivables 34,149
Total additions 2,697,754

NET POSITION
Restricted for:

Individuals and other 2,697,754
Total net position $ 2,697,754
June 30, 2025
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
32 City of Newark
Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position
Fiduciary Funds
For the Year Ended June 30, 2025
Custodial
Funds
ADDITIONS:

Interest income and fair value adjustments $ -
Total additions -
DEDUCTIONS:

Administrative expense $ -
Total deductions -

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN FIDUCIARY NET POSITION -
Net Position - beginning 2,697,754
Net Position - ending $ 2,697,754
See accompanying Notes to Basic Financial Statements
33 34
City of Newark
Notes to Basic Financial Statements
For the year ended June 30, 2025

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The basic financial statements of the City of Newark (City) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States(GAAP) as applied to governmental units. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the accepted standard setting body for establishing governmental accounting and financialreportingprinciples. Themore significant ofthe City’s accounting policies are described below.

A. Reporting Entity
The financial statements of the City of Newark include the financial activities of the City as well as the financial activities of its component unit, the Newark Public Financing Authority (Authority), which is the entity for which the City is financially accountable. The Authority does not issue a separate financial statement. The City Council serves as the governing board to the Authority and is controlled entirely by the City, which also performs all their administrative and accounting functions. Itsfinancial activities have been aggregated and merged (termed“blended”) with those of the City in the accompanying financial statements. The Authority provides financing assistance to the City and has been included in these financial statements in the Debt Service Fund, Public Financing Authority.

B. Basis of Accounting, Measurement Focus, and Financial Statement Presentation Government-Wide Financial Statements
The City’s Government-Wide Financial Statements include a Statement of Net Position and a Statement of Activities. These statements present summaries of governmental activities for the City. Fiduciary activities of the City are not included in these statements.

These Government-Wide Financial Statements are presented on an “economic resources” measurement focus and the accrual basis of accounting. Accordingly, all of the City’s assets and liabilities, including capital assets, as well as infrastructure assets, and long-term liabilities, are included in the accompanying Statement of Net Position. The Statement of Activities presents changes in net position.

Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues are recognized in the period in which they are earned while expenses are recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred.

Certain types of transactions are reported as program revenues for the City in three categories:
• Charges for services
• Operating grants and contributions
• Capital grants and contributions
Certain eliminations have been made as prescribed by GASB Statement No. 34 regarding interfund activities, payables, and receivables. All internal balances in the Statement of Net Position have been eliminated except those representing balances between the governmental activities and the businesstype activities, which are presented as internal balances and eliminated in the total primary government column. In the Statement of Activities and Changes in Net Position, internal service fund transactions have been eliminated.
35 ~
City of Newark
Notes to Basic Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended June 30, 2025

The following interfund activities have been eliminated: Due to/from other funds, advances to/from other funds, transfers in/out, and interfund charges.

The City applies all applicable GASB pronouncements (including all NCGA Statements and Interpretations currently in effect).

Governmental Fund Financial Statements
Governmental fund financial statements include a Balance Sheet and a Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances for all major governmental funds and non-major funds aggregated. An accompanying schedule is presented to reconcile and explain the differences in fund balances as presented in these statements to the net position presented in the Government-Wide Financial Statements. The City has presented all major funds that met the applicable criteria.

The City reports the following major governmental funds:

General Fund – is the general operating fund of the City. It is used to account for all financial resources except those required to be accounted for in another fund. The major revenue sources for this fund are property taxes, sales taxes, utility users tax, franchise fees, licenses, permits and fines, and other charges for services. Expenditures are made for public safety, recreation, maintenance and other services not required to be accounted for in another fund.

Public Safety Impact Fees Fund – accounts for fees which provide funding for the additional or improved police and fire services whose need is generated by new development within the City.

Community Service Impact Fees Fund – accounts for fees which provide funding for additional or improved governmental, social, and cultural facilities whose need is generated by new development within the City.

Traffic Impact Fees Fund – accounts for fees which provide funding for additional or improved traffic signal, operational, and infrastructure improvements whose need is generated by new development within the City.

Housing Impact Fees Fund – accounts for fees collected into the City's affordable housing fund that are restricted for and to be used solely to increase and preserve the supply of housing affordable to households of very low, low, and moderate incomes.

Park Impact Fees Fund – accounts for fees which provide funding for park land and new improvements.

Development Maintenance Fees Fund – accounts for fees which provide funding to update and implement the Newark General Plan and zoning ordinance, which is needed by all new development within the City.
36 ~
City of Newark
Notes to Basic Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended June 30, 2025
American Rescue Plan Act Fund – accounts for State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds, as part of the American Rescue Plan, to support the response and recovery from the COVID-19 public health emergency. The period of performance for exhausting all funding was December 31, 2024. As such, all transfers from the ARPA fund to support City Council approved ARPA project expenditures from July 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 were processed as of December 31, 2024.

Measure B (1986 ACTIA) – accounts for amounts previously received by ACTA (Alameda County Transportation Authority) as part of a 1986 sales tax measure passed by the voters of Alameda County to finance various transportation improvements. However, the measure expired in 2002 and the City no longer receives sales tax revenue related to the measure. This fund now accounts for Measure B grant funding.

Art in Public Places Fund – accounts for funds collected from developers to be used for the procurement and enhancement of public art.

Miscellaneous State Grants – accounts for state grant allocations and reimbursements provided by cooperating agencies for capital related expenditures.

Capital Projects Fund – accountsfor financialresources used in major capital acquisition and construction activities and in the renovation, replacement, and maintenance of the City’s major capital assets.

Public Financing Authority – accounts for debt financing of the City’s new Civic Center. This fund will receive transfers from Measure GG funds (included in the General Fund) to fund principal and interest payments.

All governmental funds are accounted for on a spending, or “current financial resources” measurement focus and themodified accrual basis of accounting.Accordingly,only current assets and currentliabilities are included on the Balance Sheet. The Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances presents increases (revenues and other financing sources) and decreases (expenditures and other financing uses) in net current assets. Under the modified accrual basis of accounting, revenues are recognized in the accounting period in which they become both measurable and available to finance expenditures of the current period.

Revenues are recorded when received in cash, exceptrevenuessubjectto accrual (generally 60 days after yearend) are recognizedwhen due. The primary revenue sources, which have been treated assusceptible to accrual by theCity, are property tax,salestax, intergovernmentalrevenues, andothertaxes. Expenditures are recorded in the accounting period in which the related fund liability is incurred.

Unearned revenues arise when potential revenues do not meet both the “measurable” and “available” criteria for recognition in the current period. Unearned revenues also arise when the government receives resources before it has a legal claimto them, as when grantmonies are received priorto incurring qualifying expenditures.

In subsequent periods, when both revenue recognition criteria are met or when the government has a legal claim to the resources, the unearned revenue is removed from the Balance Sheet and recognized as revenue.

Deferred inflow of resources includes unavailable revenue which represents payments the City has received after the 60 days accrual period. A receivable is also recognized to reflect this payment for which revenue recognition has been delayed.
37 ~
City of Newark
Notes to Basic Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended June 30, 2025
The Reconciliation of the Fund Financial Statementsto the Government-Wide Financial Statementsis provided to explain the differences created by the integrated approach of GASB Statement No. 34.

Proprietary Fund Financial Statements
Proprietary Fund Financial Statements include a Statement of Net Position, a Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Net Position, and a Statement of Cash Flows for each major proprietary fund.

Proprietary funds are accounted for using the “economic resources” measurement focus and the accrual basis of accounting. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities (whether current or noncurrent) are included on the Statement of Net Position. The Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Net Position present increases (revenues) and decreases (expenses) in total net position. Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues are recognized in the period in which they are earned while expenses are recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred.

Internal service fund balances and activities have been combined with governmental activities in the Government-Wide Financial Statements and are comprised of the following funds: Equipment Replacement, Technology Replacement, Equipment Operations, Office Support, Building Maintenance, Public Liability Self-Insurance, and Worker’s Compensation Self-Insurance.

The Internal Service Funds accounts for services provided to other departments on a cost-reimbursement basis. Operating revenuesin the proprietary fund are those revenuesthat are generated fromthe primary operations of the fund. All other revenues are reported as non-operating revenues. Operating expenses are those expenses that are essential to the primary operations of the fund. All other expenses are reported as non-operating expenses.

Fiduciary Fund Financial Statements
Fiduciary fund financial statements consist of a Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position and Statement of Fiduciary Net Position. The fiduciary funds are accounted for using the accrual basis of accounting and includes the City’s custodial funds. Custodial funds account for assets held by the City as a custodian for individuals, private organizations and other governments. The City’s custodial funds account for the assets held by the City as an agent for the Area Improvement District. The financial activities of this fund are excluded from the Government-Wide Financial Statement but are presented in separate Fiduciary Fund Financial Statements.

C. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The City pools its available cash for investment purposes. The City’s cash and cash equivalents are considered to be cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term investments with original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition. Cash and cash equivalents are combined with investments and displayed as Cash and Investments.
38 ~
City of Newark
Notes to Basic Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended June 30, 2025
In accordance with GASB Statement No. 40, Deposit and Investment Disclosures (Amendment of GASB No. 3), certain disclosure requirements for Deposits and Investment Risks were made in the following areas:
 Interest Rate Risk
 Credit Risk
 Overall
 Custodial Credit Risk
 Concentrations of Credit Risk
In addition, other disclosures are specified including use of certain methods to present deposits and investments, highly sensitive investments, credit quality at year-end and other disclosures.

In accordance with GASB Statement No. 31, Accounting and Financial Reporting for Certain Investments and for External Investment Pools, highly liquid market investments with maturities of one year or less at time of purchase are stated at amortized cost. Market value is used as fair value for those securities for which market quotations are readily available.

The City participates in an investment pool managed by the State of California titled Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) which has invested a portion of the pooled funds in Structured Notes and AssetBacked Securities. LAIF’s investments are subject to credit risk with the full faith and credit of the State of California collateralizing these investments. In addition, these Structured Notes and Asset-Backed Securities are subject to market risk as to changes in interest rates.

The City also participates in the California Asset Management Program (CAMP). CAMP is an investment pool offered by the California Asset Management Trust (the Trust). The Trust is a joint powers authority and public agency created by theDeclaration of Trust and established underthe provisions ofthe California Joint Exercise of Powers Act (California Government Code Sections 6500 et seq., or the “Act”) for the purpose of exercising the common power of CAMP participants to invest certain proceeds of debt issues and surplus funds. CAMP investments are limited to investments permitted by subdivisions (a) to (n), inclusive, of Section 53601 of the California Government Code.

D. Restricted Cash and Investments
Certain restricted cash and investments are held by fiscal agents for the redemption of bonded debt and for acquisition and construction of capital projects.

E. Receivables
During the course of normal operations, the City carries various receivable balances for taxes, interest, grants and special assessments.
39 ~
City of Newark
Notes to Basic Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended June 30, 2025
F. Property Taxes
Alameda County assesses properties and bills, collects and distributes property taxes, including special assessments, to the City. The County remits amounts collected and handles all delinquencies. Secured and unsecured property taxes are levied on January 1 of the preceding fiscal year. Secured property tax is due in two installments, on November 1 and March 1, and becomes a lien on those dates. It becomes delinquent on December 10 and April 10, respectively. Unsecured property tax is due on July 1 and becomes delinquent on August 31. The term “unsecured” refers to taxes on personal property; not real estate, land or buildings.

These taxes are secured by liens on the property being taxed. The City does not participate in the “Teeter Plan”offered by the County, thereby retaining the right to any interest and penalties collected on the delinquent taxes.

Property tax revenues are recognized by the City in the fiscal year they are assessed, provided they are collected within sixty days after the end of the fiscal year.

G. Interfund Transactions
Interfund transactions are reflected as loans, services provided reimbursements or transfers. Activity between funds that are representative of lending/borrowing arrangements outstanding at the end of the fiscal year are referred to as either “due to/from funds” (i.e., the current portion of interfund loans) or “advances to/from other funds” (i.e., the noncurrent portion of interfund loans). Advances between funds, reported in the fund financial statements, are not available for appropriation and are nonspendable financial resources.