Pacifica City Council
May 27, 2025

City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-34 Summary of Key Findings | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

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Packet Pg. 679 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-35 Youth Competition | Pacifica CAAP Appendix
Appendix D
Summary of Key Findings
Appendix C
Community Engagement
Appendix B
Ramaytush Word Bank

APPENDIX E
Youth
Competition

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Packet Pg. 680 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) Date: Saturday, April 12th
Location: Community Center, 540 Crespi Drive
⏰ Time: 10 AM - 2 PM
Who Can Participate?
Open to young artists (K-8th)
How It Works:
✨ Two guided art sessions at 10 AM & 12 PM
✨Drop in anytime to create independently too! – first come, first served!
✨ Artwork will be featured in Pacifica’s Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (CAAP)
✨ Supplies are included – however, feel free to bring your own art set if you prefer
Cover Art Selection:

One submission will be chosen as the CAAP cover
Community vote at Pelican Fest – April 26th, 10:30 AM - 1:30 PM, Linda Mar State Beach hosted by Pacifica Beach Coalition Youth Art
Competition!
A creative opportunity for youth (K-8th) to
express their perspective on climate change
through art. One cover art will be selected, and
all submissions will be showcased throughout
the CAAP!
Hosted by the Climate Action and
Adaptation Plan (CAAP) Task Force
**NOTE: A PARENT

OR GUARDIAN

MUST BE PRESENT

THROUGHOUT

THE EVENT
Can’t make
it?
p
Y
a
o
r
u can still
ticipate!
CANT MAKE IT? YOU CAN STILL PARTICIPATE!
For details, contact: Brittany Hernandez, Program Manager at [email protected] or
Maria Barr, Task Force member, at [email protected] City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-36 Youth Competition | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

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Packet Pg. 681 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) Youth Art Competition!
Engaging Local Youth in Climate Action
As part of our continued efforts to involve the community in the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP), the city hosted a Youth Art Competition for
students in grades K–8. This creative initiative invited young artists to express their perspectives on climate
change through art.

The event took place on Saturday, April 12th, from
10am–1pm at the Pacifica Community Center (540
Crespi Drive) and was facilitated by members of the
Community Outreach Subcommittee, Maria Barr
and Kim Finale, and Program Manager, Brittany
Hernandez.

All submissions will be showcased throughout
the CAAP process to highlight youth voices in our
community.

Key Highlights:
y The community will have the opportunity to vote
for the winning piece during Pelican Fest on April
26th (10:30am–1:30pm at Linda Mar State Beach).
y One winning artwork will be selected as the CAAP
cover image.

Youth Participants:
∙ Amelia (11 years old) ∙ Harvey (10 years old)
∙ Andy (8 years old) ∙ Jolene (7 years old)
∙ Ava (7 years old) ∙ Matias (2 years old)
∙ Beau (10 years old) ∙ Mira (8 years old)
∙ Ben (6 years old) ∙ Natalia (8 years old)
∙ Brixton (unknown age) ∙ Raena (7 years old)
∙ Cody (10 years old) ∙ Hanson (9 years old)
All submissions after the event
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-37 Youth Competition | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

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Packet Pg. 682 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-38 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Appendix D
Summary of Key Findings
Appendix C
Community Engagement
Appendix B
Ramaytush Word Bank

APPENDIX F
Pacifica
Substanital
Evidence Report

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Packet Pg. 683 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-39 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
Technical Memorandum
prepared for
City of Pacifica
Community Development Department
1800 Francisco Blvd
Pacifica, California 94044
prepared by
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
66 Franklin Street, Suites 352
Oakland, California 94607
May 2025

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Packet Pg. 684 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-40 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Table of Contents
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum i Table of Contents
1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 GHG Emission Reduction Targets ........................................................................ 1

1.2 Mitigation Goals and Actions Organization......................................................... 2

1.3 GHG Emissions Reductions .................................................................................. 3 2 Sector E: Buildings and Energy........................................................................................ 5 3 Sector T: Transportation and Land Use........................................................................14 4 Sector F: Food, Consumption, and Waste ....................................................................24 Tables
Table 1 Pacifica CAP GHG Emission Reduction Summary by GHG Mitigation Goals ..... 3 Table 2 City of Pacifica GHG Emissions Reductions Pathway .......................................... 4 Table 3 Sector E: Energy GHG Emission Reduction Summary ......................................... 5 Table 4 All-electric New Construction Parameters and Data Sources ............................ 8 Table 5 All-electric Existing Building Parameters and Data Sources ............................... 9 Table 6 Sector T: Transportation GHG Emission Reduction Summary ........................ 14 Table 7 Active Transportation Parameters and Data Sources...................................... 16 Table 8 Public Transportation Parameters and Data Sources...................................... 19 Table 9 ZEV Population Parameters and Data Sources................................................. 22 Table 10 Sector F: Food, Consumption, and Waste GHG Emission Reduction Summary .............................................................................................................................. 24 Table 11 Landfilled Organics Reduction Parameters and Data Sources........................ 25 Table 12 Compost Procurement Parameters and Data Sources.................................... 26

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Packet Pg. 685 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-41 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
ii
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Packet Pg. 686 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-42 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Introduction
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 1 1 Introduction
This technical memorandum presents the quantification and evidence that supports the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction potential of the City of Pacifica’s (the City) Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP). The CAAP is Pacifica’s plan to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change through implementation of goals and actions in the community. While the CAAP is not considered a “qualified GHG reduction plan” under California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines, the strategies are still based on technical evidence and the best available science and data. This document provides the methodologies used to quantify GHG emission reductions associated with the CAAP’s goals and actions as well as sources for assumptions and approaches. Based on the evidence contained in this document, the GHG emissions reductions associated with full implementation of the CAAP’s goals and actions put Pacifica on track to achieve its fair share of GHG emissions consistent with the 2030 reduction target established by Senate Bill (SB) 32 and consequently make progress towards its target for carbon neutrality by 2045 which aligns with California’s 2045 carbon neutrality goal established by Assembly Bill (AB) 1279.1

The quantification in this report is intended to illustrate a path to achieving GHG emission reductions consistent with the SB 32 2030 target. Mechanisms to monitor the CAAP’s progress toward achieving the GHG emissions reduction targets have been established through the CAAP development process. If, based on the tracking of community GHG emissions, the City is not on track to reach its targets, the CAAP may need to be amended and additional GHG reduction strategies will be prepared to increase emissions reductions and align with state goals. This report does not address how the City will meet the long term 2045 target to achieve carbon neutrality in line with the State of California’s 2045 target. Future iterations of the CAAP will address these long-term goals.

1.1 GHG Emission Reduction Targets
Pacifica’s GHG emission reduction targets align with San Mateo County’s Climate Action Plan,2
which aims to reduce emissions 45 percent below 1990 levels by 2030— exceeding the State’s 2030 GHG reduction goal established by SB 32. Since Pacifica’s baseline GHG inventory is based on 2005 emissions, its 2030 target is set in relation to that year, corresponding to a 53.2 percent reduction in emissions from 2005 levels by 1 SB 32 established the State goal to reduce GHG emission 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. AB 1279 established the State goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. The State defines carbon neutrality as net zero carbon emissions, which is achieved by reducing GHG emissions at least 85 percent below 1990 levels and removing the remaining emissions.
2 San Mateo County. 2022. Community Climate Action Plan. Available at:
https://www.smcgov.org/media/73456/download?inline=

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Packet Pg. 687 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-43 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
2 2030. California also aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 under AB 1279, defined as reducing GHG emissions at least 85 percent below 1990 levels and removing or sequestering the remaining emissions.

Pacifica’s short- and long-term GHG emission reduction targets are:
 Reduce GHG emissions 53.2 percent below 2005 levels by 2030; and  Achieving carbon neutrality by 2045.

1.2 Mitigation Goals and Actions Organization
As part of the CAAP process, Pacifica has developed a comprehensive set of goals and actions to reduce communitywide GHG emissions to achieve Pacifica’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target. The GHG mitigation goals and actions are organized according to the following hierarchy:
 Sectors: Sectors define the GHG emissions category in which the GHG reductions will occur. The mitigation sectors include:
 Buildings and Energy (E)
 Transportation and Land Use (T)
 Food, Consumption, and Waste (F)
 Goals: Goals identify specific targets and GHG reductions necessary to address GHG emissions in each sector and achieve the community’s GHG reduction targets. The reduction of GHG emissions is included for each goal, if quantifiable.  Actions: Actions are the specific steps the City and community will implement to support each goal. Actions specifically identify the mechanisms required for implementation. Goals and actions can be either quantitative or supportive, depending on whether they directly result in GHG emissions reductions or instead support reductions (for example, the development of partnerships or education programs).

This memorandum identifies the goals that are quantifiable (i.e., include GHG emissions reductions) and provides a complete description of their contribution to achieving the City of Pacifica’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target. Likewise, this report only details the quantitative actions that enable each GHG mitigation goal. The goals and actions that do not include GHG emissions reductions are denoted as supportive and excluded from this memorandum because they do not contribute directly to achieving and making progress towards the City’s GHG emission reduction targets. These goals and actions are nonetheless critical to the overall success of the CAAP. Detail on the goals and acions without GHG emissions reductions can be found in the CAAP.

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Packet Pg. 688 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-44 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Introduction
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 3

1.3 GHG Emissions Reductions
Table 1 summarizes the GHG mitigation goals and the GHG emission reductions they would achieve in 2030 upon the implementation of their actions.

Table 1 Pacifica CAAP GHG Emission Reduction Summary by GHG Mitigation Goals Goal Goal Text
2030 GHG Emission
Reduction Potential
(MT CO2e)
Buildings and Energy
Goal E1 Reduce GHG emissions from the building sector by 24% in 2030.
13,807
Goal E2 Reduce GHG emissions from wastewater treatment 10% below 2021 levels by 2030.

Supportive
Transportation and Land Use
Goal T1 Reduce vehicle miles travelled by 12% by 2030 compared to 2021 levels through increased public transit, walking, and biking.
6,133
Goal T2 Reduce GHG emissions through land use changes. Supportive Goal T3 Increase total number of public EV charging stations from 32 to 540 by 2030.

Supportive
Goal T4 Increase Pacifica EV use to 50% by 2030. 15,506 Food, Consumption, and Waste
Goal F1 Prioritize education to community and City staff about sustainable food and consumption practices.

Supportive
Goal F2 Increase local spending on food within Pacifica by 25% by 2030. Supportive Goal F3 Reduce GHG emissions from the solid waste sector by 75% below 2021 level by 2030.
6,634
Total 42,080
Together, the GHG mitigation goals and actions in the CAAP provide Pacifica with the GHG emission reductions necessary to achieve Pacifica’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target (see Table 2). Since the CAAP’s goals and actions are intended to be implemented to achieve the 2030 target and then updated in a CAAP Update based on new information and future technologies, the goals do not account for progress after 2030.

Therefore, due to the evolving nature of Pacifica’s CAAP, this memorandum does not quantify GHG emission reductions for 2045. The goals and actions will be updated in future CAAP Updates based on information the City gains from implementing this CAAP’s actions, new technologies that emerge over the time period, and new state programs and regulations that are established to reduce GHG emissions. These updates will focus on achieving the 2045 target. This CAAP’s goals and actions do, however, make substantial progress on the Pacifica’s 2045 GHG emission reduction

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Packet Pg. 689 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-45 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
4 target by aligning with the San Mateo County goal for 2030 which exceeds State goals, thereby placing Pacifica on a path to acheiveing the carbon neutrality by 2045.

Table 2 City of Pacifica GHG Emissions Reductions Pathway GHG Emission Forecast or Reduction Target 2030 GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) Adjusted Forecast 123,674
GHG Emissions Reductions (from full implementation of goals) (42,080) GHG Emissions Remaining (after goals reductions) 81,595 GHG Emission Reduction Target 81,758
GHG Emissions Gap (between remaining GHG emissions and
target)
(163)
Target Anticipated to be Met? Yes

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Packet Pg. 690 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-46 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector E: Buildings and Energy
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 5 2 Sector E: Buildings and Energy
Pacifica’s Buildings and Energy sector include several sources of emissions related to the built environment including natural gas and electricity use as well as waste and water. These goals aim to reduce emissions by transitioning residential and commercial buildings to decarbonized equipment and systems. This includes supporting the adoption of high-efficiency technologies powered by carbon-neutral electricity from Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE). The City is partnering with PCE to maintain strong community participation in clean electricity programs and is implementing local initiatives to streamline permitting, adjust zoning for energy upgrades, and expand access to incentives for solar panels, battery storage, and other low-emission technologies. Additional efforts include adopting Zero NOx reach codes, encouraging the use of low-carbon construction materials, and aligning building standards with green rating systems to further support emission reductions.

Table 3 summarizes the building energy goals with quantifiable GHG reductions. The following subsections detail the substantial evidence and calculation methodologies used to estimate GHG emissions reductions for this sector.

Table 3 Sector E: Energy GHG Emission Reduction Summary Goal ID Goal
2030 GHG Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
E1 Reduce GHG emissions from the building sector by 24% in 2030.
13,807
Total 13,807
E1: Reduce GHG emissions from the building sector by 24% in 2030.

Goal E1 puts Pacifica on a path to reduce existing commercial and residential natural gas consumption by 24 percent by 2030 to reduce GHG emissions. The primary Actions that enable this level of adoption include:
 Action E1.1, which directs the City to partner with Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE) to monitor and reduce opt-out rates and strive for 100% community participation in carbon-neutral electricity, including PG&E customers within City boundaries;  Action E1.2, which commits the City to support home electrification upgrades by streamlining permitting for installations such as heat pumps and panel upgrades, and easing zoning restrictions related to heat pump placement.  Action E1.6, which commits the City to adopt a “Zero NOx” reach code for new construction by December 2025, requiring new buildings to install only noncombustion equipment in alignment with regional air quality and decarbonization goals; and

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Packet Pg. 691 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-47 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
6  Action E1.7, which commits the City to adopt a “Zero NOx” reach code for existing buildings by December 2027, aligned with Bay Area Air District (BAAD) Zero NOx rules, to transition existing combustion equipment to non-emitting alternatives over time.

These actions will support the BAAD zero-nitrogen oxides (zero-NOx) rules and existing market trends to require and encourage the electrification of existing residential and commercial water heating, space heating, and cooling appliances in Pacifica and reduce the associated GHG emissions from natural gas consumption. Electrification of buildings will result in additional GHG reductions as more households and businesses enroll in cleaner, more renewable electricity options offered by Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE), further decreasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy use.

Ordinance Implementation

POLICY EVIDENCE
Actions E1.6 and E1.7 commit the City to adopt zero-nitrogen oxides (zero-NOx) emissions thresholds for new buildings by 2025 and existing buildings by 2027. A zeroNOx threshold establishes a performance-based emissions limit for existing building systems such as water heating and space heating, requiring these systems to produce no nitrogen oxide emissions3. These performance-based standards, to be modeled after BAAD thresholds, are set low enough that no currently available natural gas appliances comply—effectively promoting a transition to all-electric systems such as heat pumps.4
Additionally, the City of Pacifica is under BAAD’s jurisdiction and will be affected by the amendments adopted for BAAD’s Rule 9-6: Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Boilers and Water Heaters. These amendments govern point of sale emission standards for small water heating systems starting January 1, 2027.5 By regulating emissions rather than banning specific fuel sources, a zero-NOx standard provides a legally robust strategy for reducing GHG emissions in light of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit’s decision to overturn the City of Berkeley’s natural gas regulation.6
Unlike direct bans, a zero-NOx threshold complies with federal preemption 3 Nitrogen oxide emissions, specifically in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O), have a significant warming potential roughly 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide in terms of contributing to global warming over a 100-year timeframe; meaning that even though it's present in smaller quantities, a single unit of N2O has a much greater impact on warming the planet compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). 4
Bay Area Air District (BAAD). 2022. Electric Infrastructure Impacts from Proposed Zero NOx Standards. Available at:
https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-9-rule-4-nitrogen-oxides-from-fan-type-residential-centralfurnaces/2021-amendments/documents/20221220_sr_appd_rg09040906- pdf.pdf?rev=2c9ddef1ee9e4d5f8fafea0f68c9c932&sc_lang=en 5 Under Rule 9-6: Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Boilers and Water Heaters, small water heaters are units under 75,000 British Thermal Units (BTU)/hour. 6
CRA V. City of Berkeley, No. 21-16278. Accessed at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/21- 16278/21-16278-2023-04-17.html.

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Packet Pg. 692 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-48 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector E: Buildings and Energy
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 7 under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) by focusing on the emissions performance of equipment rather than dictating energy type.

TECHNOLOGY EVIDENCE
The assessment of emissions reductions associated with Action E1.6 and 1.7 is based on the impact of electrification of water heating and HVAC systems. According to a recent market share study, electric space heaters have grown to a 20 percent market share in 2019, while electric water heaters have grown to an 11 percent market share in 2019.7
This trend is not only expected to continue through 2030 because all-electric new construction has proven to be cost-effective in the region for most all buildings types,8,
9 but will also be accelerated when coupled with funding and engagement conducted by the City and its partners including Peninsula Clean Energy. Peninsula Clean Energy provides technical support, rebates, and financing for community members to install electric or heat pump space and water heating appliances.10 Although there are a range of electric alternatives (e.g. electric resistance space heating, heat pumps), heat pumps for HVAC and water heaters are the most cost-effective option on the market due to their significantly higher efficiency (200 to 400 percent) and resulting lower operating costs.11,
12 Although a recent market share study shows
that electric resistance and heat pump technologies together accounted for 20% of the space heating market and 11% of the water heating market in 2019,13 the substantial funding now available to community members is expected to further accelerate the adoption of heat pump appliances.14 Actions E1.6 and 1.7 are thus assumed to set thresholds that promote installation of electric heat pump HVAC and water heaters. 7 Opinion Dynamics. California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022). Available at:
https://pda.energydataweb.com/#!/documents/2625/view
8 California Energy Codes and Standards. Cost Effectiveness Explorer (2024). Accessed at:
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/eureka-city/study-results/1-PGE?only_study_type=new-buildings 9 According to the California Energy Codes and Standards’ Cost Effectiveness Explorer, all-electric construction is cost effective for all residential building types.
10 Peninsula Clean Energy Rebates: https://www.peninsulacleanenergy.com/residential/home-upgrade-services/ Other funding options include: High Efficiency Electric Home Rebate [HEEHRA], Homeowner Managing Energy Savings [HOMES] Rebate, Inflation Reduction Act, TEHC Clean California. 11 U.S Department of Energy. 2024. Air-Source Heat Pumps. Available at: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/air-sourceheat-pumps?utm_source=chatgpt.com 12 U.S Department of Energy. 2024. Heat Pump Water Heaters. Available at: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/heatpump-water-heaters 13 Opinion Dynamics. California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022). Available at:
https://pda.energydataweb.com/#!/documents/2625/view
14 Some funding options include: High Efficiency Electric Home Rebate [HEEHRA], Homeowner Managing Energy Savings [HOMES] Rebate, Inflation Reduction Act, TEHC Clean California.

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Packet Pg. 693 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-49 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
8 GHG QUANTIFICATION
Quantification of GHG emission reductions associated with the implementation of a zero-NOx ordinance for new buildings are quantified based on the estimated natural gas use avoided beginning in the ordinance’s implementation year (2025). For the purposes of this analysis, it is assumed that all new construction complies fully with the ordinance. The quantification includes emissions reductions from both avoided natural gas combustion and associated methane leakage (see Equation 1). It also accounts for emissions from electricity use by replacement equipment, assuming a 300 percent efficiency consistent with average heat pump performance. Table 4 summarizes the parameters and data sources used to determine GHG emission reductions attributable to Action E1.6.

All-electric New Construction Equations
Equation 1 CO2e ReductionNG,i=(Fuel AvoidedNG,i*EFNG)+(Fuel AvoidedNGL,i*EFNGL)-(Elec Convertedi*EFelec,i*(1-LT&D))
Table 4 All-electric New Construction Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Units Sector 2030 Data Source
FuelNG,i Forecasted natural
gas consumption
therms Residential 6,998,797 Pacifica CAAP
Forecast Nonresidential 1,170,909
Fuel AvoidedNG,i Natural gas
consumption
avoided
therms Residential 462,392 Calculated2
Nonresidential 58,872
Fuel AvoidedNGL,i Natural gas
leakage avoided
therms Residential 13,012 Calculated3
Nonresidential 1,657
Elec Converti Electricity usage
from conversion
kWh Residential 4,516,029 Calculated4,5,6
Nonresidential 574,980
LT&D Electricity T&D
Losses
percentage — 4.40% Pacifica CAAP
GHG Inventory
EFNG Natural gas
emission factor
MT CO2e/
therm
— 0.005311 Pacifica CAAP
GHG Inventory
EFNGL Natural gas
leakage emission
factor
MT CO2e/
therm
— 0.053067 Pacifica CAAP
GHG Inventory
EFelec,i Forecasted
electricity emission
factor
MT CO2e/
kWh
Residential 0.0000031 Pacifica CAAP
GHG Forecast Nonresidential 0.0000281

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Packet Pg. 694 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-50 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector E: Buildings and Energy
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 9 Variable Definition Units Sector 2030 Data Source
CO2e
ReductionNG,i
Natural gas GHG
emission
reductions
MT CO2e Residential 3,132 Eq 1
Nonresidential 384 Eq 1
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; T&D = transmission and distribution

1. Avoided natural gas use is calculated by subtracting estimated consumption in the ordinance implementation year—determined through linear interpolation between the CAAP inventory year (2021) and the 2030 forecast—from the 2030 forecasted natural gas use.

2. Natural gas leaks avoided is determined based on the estimated fuel avoided by scaling to account for leakage from end-use (0.5%) and leakage from pipeline transportation (2.3%). Factors for leakage were sourced from the GHG Inventory developed for the Pacifica CAAP.

3. To estimate electricity use attributable to fuel switching from natural gas to electric equipment, the avoided natural gas use is multiplied by a conversion factor (29.3 kWh/therm) and divided by the efficiency ratio of electric to gas equipment (3 times as efficient) as cited by the European Copper Institute (see source reference below).

4. Metric Conversions. Therms (US) to Kilowatt-hours. Available at: https://www.metric-conversions.org/energy-and-power/thermsus-to-kilowatt-hours.htm

5. European Copper Institute. 2018. Heat Pumps: Integrating technologies to decarbonise heating and cooling. Accessed at:
https://www.ehpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/White_Paper_Heat_pumps-1.pdf GHG emission reductions resulting from the implementation of a zero-NOx ordinance for existing buildings are estimated based on the assumed replacement of natural gas HVAC and water heaters at the end of their useful life between the 2027 ordinance implementation year and 2030. The analysis assumes 100% compliance with the ordinance, meaning all affected appliances are replaced with electric alternatives— specifically heat pumps—upon reaching end-of-life. Emission reductions account for avoided natural gas combustion and leakage, as well as emissions associated with electricity use by replacement equipment, assuming an average efficiency of 300% to reflect typical heat pump performance. Similar to new buildings, existing building GHG reductions are estimated following the formula in Equation 1. However, the parameters, data sources, and methods particular to implementation of an existing building ordinance is summarized in Table 5 below.

Table 5 All-electric Existing Building Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Units Sector 2030 Data Source
FuelNG,i Forecasted natural
gas consumption
after new building
electrification
therms Residential 6,536,405 Calculated1
Nonresidential 1,112,037
Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i Natural gas
consumption
avoided
therms Residential 928,895 Calculated2
Nonresidential 154,331
Fuel AvoidedNGL,y,i Natural gas
leakage avoided
therms Residential 26,009 Calculated3
Nonresidential 4,321
Elec Converty,i Electricity usage
from conversion
kWh Residential 9,072,203 Calculated4,5,6
Nonresidential 1,507,303

7.b
Packet Pg. 695 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-51 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
10 Variable Definition Units Sector 2030 Data Source
LT&D Electricity T&D
Losses
percentage — 4.40% Pacifica CAAP
GHG Inventory
EFNG Natural gas
emission factor
MT CO2e/
therm
— 0.005311 Pacifica CAAP
GHG Inventory
EFNGL Natural gas
leakage emission
factor
MT CO2e/
therm
— 0.053067 Pacifica CAAP
GHG Inventory
EFelec,y,i Forecasted
electricity emission
factor
MT CO2e/
kWh
Residential 0.0000031 Pacifica CAAP
GHG Forecast Nonresidential 0.0000281
CO2e
ReductionNG,y,i
Natural gas GHG
emission
reductions
MT CO2e Residential 6,285 Eq 1
Nonresidential 1,005 Eq 1
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; T&D = transmission and distribution

1. Building natural gas use in 2030 subject to the existing building ordinance is estimated by subtracting the natural gas reductions achieved through the new building ordinance from the total forecasted 2030 natural gas use (see Table 4).

2. To estimate the amount of natural gas fuel avoided, the total natural gas use forecasted for 2030 is multiplied by the proportion of natural gas consumption attributable to the specific equipment type (e.g., water heating or space heating) and the percent of that equipment assumed to reach end-of-life by 2030. The percentage of natural gas appliances assumed to reach end-of-life (EOL) by 2030 is estimated by dividing the number of years between 2030 and the implementation year (2027) by the average equipment lifespan. This method assumes uniform age distribution of equipment, thereby resulting in a uniform replacement rate over time. a. Residential and non-residential water heaters are estimated to have 13-year and 10-year lifespans, respectively, while HVAC systems are estimated to have 21.5-year and 23-year life spans. (https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf) b. Residential and non-residential water heaters comprise 38 percent and 28 percent of total building natural gas consumption, respectively, while HVAC comprises 39 percent and 42 percent. (https://www.synapseenergy.com/sites/default/files/Decarbonization-Heating-CA-Buildings-17-092-1.pdf)

3. Natural gas leaks avoided is determined based on the estimated fuel avoided by scaling to account for leakage from end-use (0.5%) and leakage from pipeline transportation (2.3%). Factors for leakage were sourced from the GHG Inventory developed for the Pacifica CAAP.

4. To estimate electricity use attributable to fuel switching from natural gas to electric equipment, the avoided natural gas use is multiplied by a conversion factor (29.3 kWh/therm) and divided by the efficiency ratio of electric to gas equipment (3 times as efficient) as cited by the European Copper Institute (see source reference below).

5. Metric Conversions. Therms (US) to Kilowatt-hours. Available at: https://www.metric-conversions.org/energy-andpower/therms-us-to-kilowatt-hours.htm

6. European Copper Institute. 2018. Heat Pumps: Integrating technologies to decarbonise heating and cooling.

Accessed at: https://www.ehpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/White_Paper_Heat_pumps-1.pdf Voluntary Adoption

MARKET EVIDENCE
In addition to building ordinances, through actions such as Action E1.2 the City will support existing electrification market trends to reduce an additional 2.5 percent of existing residential and commerical natural gas consumption by 2030. The calculation is based on a recent study showing significant growth in the adoption of electric heating

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A-52 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector E: Buildings and Energy
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 11 appliances in California.15 Electric space heaters increased their market share from five percent in 2009 to 20 percent in 2019, while electric water heaters increased their market share from six percent to 11 percent over the same period. This trend is expected to continue through 2030, driven by the large amount of federal, state, and regional incentives available to Pacifica residents,16 as well as through Action E1.2 which will provide assistance to the community to ease the installation process for electric equipment. In order to be additive to the other building electrification actions, these voluntary replacements would need to occur prior to burnout or for appliances besides water heaters and HVAC units including driers, stoves, and pool heaters.

GHG QUANTIFICATION
Given market trends showing a 5–15 percent growth in electric alternatives over the past decade, it is reasonable to estimate that actions such as Action E1.2 will contribute to a 2.5 percent reduction in natural gas consumption over the next five years. This reduction would result from end-of-life equipment replacements prior to the ordinance’s implementation in 2027, as well as from voluntary early replacements during the Pacifica CAAP implementation period leading up to the 2030 target year.

As such, the calculation assumes a 2.5 percent reduction in forecasted residential and commercial natural gas consumption in 2030 due to continued market trends. This reduction is applied after accounting for reductions already attributed to the new building electrification ordinance and the existing building ordinance aligned with BAAD’s zero-NOx rules, to avoid double counting. While heat pumps are expected to be the predominant replacement technology, a conservative estimate of electricity consumption was used based on the current market mix of electric resistance equipment and heat pumps.17,
18 As a result, electric water heaters were assumed to
have similar efficiency to natural gas units on average,19, 20 while electric HVAC systems
15 Opinion Dynamics. California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022). Accessed at:
https://pda.energydataweb.com/#!/documents/2625/view. 16 Some funding options include: High Efficiency Electric Home Rebate [HEEHRA], Homeowner Managing Energy Savings [HOMES] Rebate, Inflation Reduction Act, TEHC Clean California. 17Based on Opinion Dynamics’ California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022), electric resistance HVAC systems comprise 82 percent of electric equipment share, with heat pumps comprising the remaining 18 percent. Additionally, the study shows that water heaters were predominantly electric resistance in 2019, therefore market trend quantification conservatively assumes 100 percent of water heaters are electric resistance technology.
18 Opinion Dynamics. California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022). Accessed at:
https://pda.energydataweb.com/#!/documents/2625/view. 19 Southface Energy Institute. Water Heater Efficiency, Efficiency of Fuel Types and Alternatives for Heating Water.

Available at: https://www.ncelec.org/sites/ncelec/files/documents/waterheater_efficiency_041614.pdf 20 Pennsylvania State University. 2023. Energy Efficiency of Water Heaters. Available at: https://www.eeducation.psu.edu/egee102/node/2009

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12 were assumed to operate with an average efficiency coefficient of 1.36.21, 22 With
continued market momentum and installation streaming, Pacifica can expect to reduce emissions from natural gas consumption in existing residential and commercial buildings by 1,100 MT CO₂e and 163 MT CO₂e, respectively, by 2030.

Renewable Energy Procurement

ENROLLMENT EVIDENCE
In 2021, Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE) provided electricity to approximately 90 percent of Pacifica, with the remaining electricity supplied by Pacific Gas & Electricity (PG&E).

Currently, electricity customers in Pacifica are automatically enrolled in Peninsula Clean Energy’s ECOplus electricity option (with a near-zero GHG emission factor) but are allowed to opt-up to Peninsula Clean Energy’s ECO100 electricity option, opt-out to receive electricity directly from PG&E, or in some cases opt-out to procure electricity at wholesale directly from electricity generators (i.e., direct access). Action E1.1 commits the City to work with PCE to decrease opt-out rates to achieve 100 percent residential and commercial enrollment by 2030. PCE currently offers an electricity option with a GHG emission rate lower than the other electricity options offered in the region. This electricity option, known as ECO100, supplies electricity sourced 100 percent from solar and wind at a GHG emissions rate of zero.23 Additionally, by 2025, PCE plans to provide all customers 100 percent renewable energy on an hourly basis at cost-effective rates.24 By monitoring enrollment under Action E1.1, the City will be enabled to identify issues and provide incentives as necessary to the community to maintain enrollment and minimize opt-out rates.

GHG QUANTIFICATION
Estimation of GHG emissions reduction associated with renewable energy enrollment assumes Pacific will be able to achieve 100 percent enrollment by 2030. Additionally, quantification of GHG reductions assumes Pacifica will support PCE in achieving this renewable energy goal by 2025, supplying all PCE customers in Pacifica with electricity sourced 100 percent from renewable sources to reduce such customers’ electricity GHG emissions to zero.
21 U.S Department of Energy. 2024. Air-Source Heat Pumps. Available at: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/air-sourceheat-pumps?utm_source=chatgpt.com 22 Energy.gov. Electric Resistance Heating. Available at: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/electric-resistanceheating#:~:text=Electric%20resistance%20heating%20is%20100,the%20fuel's%20energy%20into%20electricity. 23 California Energy Commission. 2022 Power Content Label: Peninsula Clean Energy Authority. Accessed at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/6049. 24 Peninsula Clean Energy. ACHIEVING 24/7 RENEWABLE ENERGY BY 2025 (2023). Available at:
https://www.peninsulacleanenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/24-7-white-paper-2023.pdf.

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Packet Pg. 698 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-54 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector E: Buildings and Energy
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 13 The GHG emission reductions from renewable energy enrollment are calculated based on the forecasted residential and nonresidential electricity consumption and the additional electricity consumption expected from new building electrification, existing building electrification, and zero-emission vehicle adoption. The GHG emissions savings are based on the comparison between forecasted electricity emission factors under current conditions and assuming a linear reduction in emissions over time due to SB100 and 100% carbon free electricity from PCE. This results in an electricity related emissions reduction of 372 MT CO2e in residential electricity, and 1,367 MT CO2e in non-residential electricity in 2030.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
14 3 Sector T: Transportation and Land Use
Pacifica’s Transportation sector aims to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) through active and public transportation and leverage renewable and carbon-free electricity to reduce GHG emissions from the remaining VMT. Reducing VMT consists of transitioning Pacifica residents and visitors out of single-occupancy vehicles and into active or public transportation mode options (i.e., walking, biking, and bus). The remaining VMT will then be decarbonized by increasing the adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). When combined with renewable and carbon-free electricity, electric vehicles (EV) eliminate GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Based on this approach, the CAAP’s Transportation strategy consists of the following quantifiable goals presented in Table

6. The subsections below detail the substantial evidence and calculation methodologies used to estimate the GHG emission reductions associated with this sector.

Table 6 Sector T: Transportation GHG Emission Reduction Summary Goal ID Goal
2030 GHG Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
T1 Reduce vehicle miles travelled by 12% by 2030 compared to 2021 levels through increased public transit, walking, and biking. 6,133
T4 Increase Pacifica EV use to 50% by 2030. 15,506
Total 21,638
T1: Reduce vehicle miles travelled by 12% by 2030 compared to 2021 levels through increased public transit, walking, and biking.

Goal T1 aims to increase Pacifica’s active and public transportation mode share to 12 percent by 2030. The primary Actions that enable this Goal are:
 Action T1.1 initiates the development of a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan beginning in 2025, with completion targeted by 2030;  Action T1.2 supports implementation of Pacifica’s 2020 Bike and Pedestrian Master Plan by 2040, including semi-annual progress reviews starting in 2025, and calls for a plan update before 2030 that incorporates a feasibility study for a community bike share program in coordination with MTC, C/CAG, and Bay Wheels;  Action T1.3 which encourages increased transit ridership by featuring transit options in City communications and creating auto-enrollment in the Clipper START program for income-qualified residents.

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A-56 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector T: Transportation and Land Use
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 15 Active Transportation

INFRASTRUCTURE EVIDENCE
Through Actions T1.1 and T1.2, Goal T1 focuses on infrastructure improvements to facilitate shifting the community to utilize more active transportation options and increase mode share. As part of Action T1.1, the City plans to collaborate with the San Mateo County Transportation Authority (SMCTA) to improve bus stop accessibility and amenities—such as bike parking, seating, shelter, lighting, and real-time wayfinding—and work with Caltrans on major roadway projects like a Highway 1 bike/pedestrian overcrossing in high-congestion areas. The City will also coordinate with MTC and SamTrans to enhance transit system usability and explore opportunities for micro transit expansion. Under Action T1.2, the City aims to complete all projects outlined in Pacifica’s 2020 Bike and Pedestrian Master Plan by 2040, which recommends developing and upgrading 34.5 miles of bicycle facilities in the community.25
By focusing on infrastructure improvements, the plan aligns with studies which have shown that investments in active transportation infrastructure significantly improve active transportation mode shifts and reduce GHG emissions.26 For example, urban cities that make a strong commitment to bicycle travel can see up to an 11 percent reduction in VMT and associated GHG emissions.27 Such VMT reductions can be reasonably expected because in 2017, about 16 percent of vehicle trips made nationally were one mile or less—a distance easily travelled by foot or bicycle.28

MODE SHARE CASE STUDIES
To estimate the mode shift potential of implementing the Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan in Pacifica, other cities’ bicycle and road networks were analyzed. The City of Berkeley leads the State with an 18 percent active transportation mode share in 2022 (i.e., 4.9 percent bicycle mode share and 13.4 percent pedestrian mode share) followed by the City of Davis with a 16 percent active transportation mode share in 2022 (i.e.,

13.5 percent bicycle mode share and 2.6 percent pedestrian mode share).29, 30 The mode share in Pacifica in the GHG Inventory year (2021) for biking was 0.30 percent, while walking was 1.10 percent mode share.31 To meet its 2030 targets, Pacifica must achieve an active transportation mode share of 20 percent, with the increase primarily attributed to growth in bicycle use, while walking mode share is conservatively assumed 25 City of Pacifica. 2020. Bicycle & Pedestrian Master Plan. Available at:
https://www.cityofpacifica.org/home/showpublisheddocument/2168/637831368066870000 26 Glazener, Andrew and Khreis, Haneen. Transforming our Cities: Best Practices Towards Clean Air and Active Transportation (2019). Accessed at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-019-0228-1 27 Jacob Mason et al., Institute for Transportation & Development Policy and the University of California, Davis. A Global High Shift Cycling Scenario (2015). Accessed at: https://itdpdotorg.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/A-GlobalHigh-Shift-Cycling-Scenario_Nov-2015.pdf 28 National Household Travel Survey. Population Vehicle Trips Statistics (2021). Accessed at: https://nhts.ornl.gov/vehicletrips 29 US Census Bureau. 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables. S0801|Commuting Characteristics by Sex. Accessed at:
https://data.census.gov/table?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0618100. 30 US Census Bureau. 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables. S0801|Commuting Characteristics by Sex. Accessed at:
https://data.census.gov/table?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0606000. 31 7.b
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
16 to remain constant. While the target increase in active transportation mode share is ambitious, it is aligned with the upper range of mode shares demonstrated to be achievable in the case studies presented.

GHG QUANTIFICATION
GHG emissions reductions associated with active transportation mode share increase is estimated according to Equation 2 and the parameters listed in Table 7 below, assuming Pacifica will achieve a 20 percent bicycle and walking transportation mode share.

Active Transportation Mode Share Equations
Equation 2 CO2e Reduction= VMTpass*TPMpass*TLbike*MS IncreaseBike*VMT EFpass Table 7 Active Transportation Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Unit 2030 Data Source
VMTpass Forecasted Passenger VMT miles 178,155,345 Pacifica CAAP Forecast
TPMpass Forecasted trips per mile trips/mile 0.173 EMFAC1 TLbike Average bicycle trip length miles/trip 1.50 CARB (2019)2 MS IncreaseBike Bicycle mode share increase percentage 18.60% Calculated3,4 VMT EFpass VMT emission factor MT
CO2e/mile

0.000277 EMFAC1
CO2e Reduction VMT GHG emission
reductions
MT CO2e 2,388 Eq 2
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2024. Emission FACtor (EMFAC). Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions-inventory/44d4e20d4e19185bde9a4d769147356d2f0eae62

2. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2019. Quantifying Reductions in Vehicle Miles Traveled from New Bike Paths, Lanes, and Cycle Tracks: Technical Documentation. Accessed at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/auction-proceeds/bicycle_facilities_technical_041519.pdf

3. U.S. Census Bureau. 2021. ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables. S0801|Commuting Characteristics by Sex.

Accessed at: https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2021.S0801?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0654806

4. Bike mode share increase is determined by subtracting the walking and bicycle mode shares in 2021 (0.30 and

1.10 percent, respectively) from the target active transportation mode share in 2030 (20 percent).

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Packet Pg. 702 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-58 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector T: Transportation and Land Use
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 17 Public Transportation

INFRASTRUCTURE EVIDENCE
Public transit mode share in 2021, the Pacifica CAAP baseline GHG Inventory year, was 8 percent. To achieve Pacifica’s 2030 targets, the community will need to increase this mode share to 20 percent.32 Key strategies employed by cities looking to increase public transportation mode share include significant expansions of public transportation service lines, designated streets or lanes for bus lines to decrease headways, implementation of taxes to support transit, and reduced parking availability. Studies have shown that expanding transit coverage through services routes and schedules can increase public transit mode share in a city. Specifically, studies which incorporated factors such as elasticity of transit demand and average mode shift factors have estimated that doubling transit coverage in a city can reduce VMT—and associated GHG emissions—up to 4.6 percent.33 Furthermore, increasing transit service frequency can reduce VMT, and associated GHG emission, up to 11.3 percent.34 The intent of Actions T1.1 and T1.3 aligns closely with the infrastructure strategies shown to increase public transit mode share and reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

By proposing expanded transit service routes—such as limited-stop buses connecting Pacifica neighborhoods to regional transit hubs and weekend beach shuttles—Action T1.1 supports the evidence-based approach of increasing transit coverage and frequency to shift travel behavior. Further, planned coordination with San Mateo County Transit Authority (SMCTA) and Caltrans to implement queue jumps, signal priority, and improved bus stop amenities mirrors proven strategies for reducing transit headways and enhancing rider experience. These improvements directly address factors that studies have identified as critical to increasing transit use and lowering emissions. Additionally, Action T1.3 complements these infrastructure investments by promoting transit accessibility and ease of use through targeted communication and automatic enrollment in the Clipper START program for incomequalified residents, helping to remove financial and informational barriers to public transit adoption.
32 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021. ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables. S0801|Commuting Characteristics by Sex. Accessed at:
https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2021.S0801?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0654806 33 California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). 34 California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). Measure T-26. Accessed at:
https://www.airquality.org/ClimateChange/Documents/Final%20Handbook_AB434.pdf

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18 GHG QUANTIFICATION
Efforts to increase public transit mode share associated with Goal T1 may lead to more frequent transit operations or route changes, potentially increasing GHG emissions.

However, SMCTA is required to expand its ZEV bus fleet in alignment with California’s Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation, which requires all public transit agencies to transition to zero-emission bus fleets by 2040.35 The ICT regulation mandates a phased transition schedule: by 2023, large transit agencies must ensure 25% of new bus purchases are zero-emission; by 2026, large agencies must increase this to 50%, with small transit agencies beginning their transition at 25%; and by 2029, all new bus purchases statewide must be zero-emission.36 Additionally, programs such as the Low Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP), established under Senate Bill 862, provide funding to support this transition.37 For the purposes of quantification, it is assumed that any new buses required to support expanded service or additional routes under this action would be electric or zero-emission in alignment with State regulations. Using electric buses is anticipated to have continual GHG reduction benefits as emissions from electricity decline as a result of implementation of Goal E1 which promotes community enrollment in renewable energy. As a result, GHG emissions from potential public transit expansion in Pacifica are anticipated to be negligible and are not included in the quantification of net GHG emissions reductions from this goal.

Table 8 shows the parameters and data sources that support the GHG emissions reduction associated with reducing vehicle miles traveled through public transit mode share.

Public Transportation Mode Share Equations
Equation 3 CO2e Reductiontransit = (VMTpass – VMTactive)*TPMpass*TLtransit*MS Increasetransit*VMT EFpass
35 Mendicino Transit Authority (MTA). 2024. Mendocino Transit Authority Short-Range Transit Development Plan 2024 Update. Available at: https://www.mendocinocog.org/files/18849c841/MTA+2024+SRTDP_Final%28web%29.pdf 36 California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2024. Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) Regulation Fact Sheet. Available at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/innovative-clean-transit-ict-regulation-fact-sheet 37 Caltrans. 2024. Low Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP). Available at: https://dot.ca.gov/programs/rail/lowcarbon-transit-operations-program-lctop

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Packet Pg. 704 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 19 Table 8 Public Transportation Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Unit 2030 Data Source
VMTpass Forecasted Passenger VMT miles 178,155,345 Pacifica CAAP Forecast
VMTactive VMT reduction from active
transportation targets
miles 8,610,496 Calculated
TPMpass Forecasted trips per mile trips/mile 0.173 EMFAC1 TLtransit Average public transit length miles/trip 3.80 CARB (2019)2,3 MS Increasetransit Piblic Transit mode share
increase
percentage 12.10% Calculated4,5
VMT EFpass VMT emission factor MT
CO2e/mile

0.000277 EMFAC1
CO2e
Reductiontransit
VMT GHG emission
reductions
MT CO2e 3,745 Eq 3
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2024. Emission FACtor (EMFAC). Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions-inventory/44d4e20d4e19185bde9a4d769147356d2f0eae62

2. American Public Transportation Association. Public Transportation Fact Book (2018). Accessed at:
https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/Resources/resources/statistics/Documents/FactBook/2018-APTA-FactBook.pdf.

3. Note: Regular bus trip length was utilized to remain conservative.

4. U.S. Census Bureau. 2021. ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables. S0801|Commuting Characteristics by Sex.

Accessed at: https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2021.S0801?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0654806

5. Public transit mode share increase is determined by subtracting the public transit mode share in 2021 (7.90 percent) from the target active transportation mode share in 2030 (20 percent).

T4: Increase Pacifica EV use to 50% by 2030.

Goal T4 aims achieve a passenger ZEV adoption rate of 50 percent by 2030. The Actions that enable this Goal are:
 Action T4.2 which creates incentives for low-cost EV charging for City employees, including childcare workers, and coordinates with the Pacifica School District to explore charging options for teachers, beginning in 2025;  Action T4.3 partners with relevant organizations to launch a community-facing EV Education and Outreach Program by 2025, with a focus on promoting available EV incentives and supporting equitable transition to Evs.

The EV adoption target of Goal T4 is primarily supported by Goal T3, which commits the City to aid in increasing public EV Charging stations in Pacifica to 540, and supplement with shared private chargers, by 2030. Actions which enable this Goal include:
 Action T3.1 which calls for the preparation of an EV Readiness Plan by 2026 that requires CalGreen Tier 2 EV charging standards and includes cost estimates for expanding EV infrastructure citywide;

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20  Action T3.2 commits the City to install 25 EV chargers at municipal facilities by 2030 to support the electrification of the City fleet and employee vehicle charging needs;  Action T3.2 commits the City to facilitate the installation of 540 public EV charging stations across the city by 2030.

INFRASTRUCTURE EVIDENCE
The State has established a goal of putting 5 million ZEVs on the road by 2030 and, according to executive order N-79-20, 100 percent of passenger vehicle sales are to be zero emission by 2035. This new executive order puts the total number of ZEVs on the road by 2035 at approximately 15 million.38Based on the current number of vehicles registered in California and application of a conservative population growth rate of 2 percent per year, 15 million ZEVs accounts for 35 percent of total passenger vehicles in 2035. The State has also established the Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) rule, which requires the gradual transition of vehicle fleets to ZEVs in California.39 Starting in 2024, fleets must begin transitioning to ZEVs, with new trucks added to the fleet required to be zero-emission. Currently, the State is anticipated to reach 26 percent ZEV adoption across all vehicles by 2030.40,
41 However, Pacifica is pursuing a more ambitious path. The City has set a local target to achieve 50 percent ZEV adoption for passenger vehicles by 2030—exceeding the State’s projected ZEV market share under current legislative conditions. To support this goal, the City has committed through Goal T3 to install the charging infrastructure necessary to serve this expanded EV population. Studies have consistently found that limited charging infrastructure is one of the primary barriers to EV adoption.42, 43 Publicly accessible EV chargers make owning an electric vehicle convenient for all drivers— including those who cannot charge at home or drive daily distances longer than their EV battery range. Public charging is especially important for multifamily housing which can be difficult to retrofit for EV charging. According to a recent study on public 38 Davis, A., Hoang, T., Lopez, T., Lu, J., Nguyen, T., Nolty, B., Rillera, L., Schell, D., and Wofford, M. 2023. California Energy Commission Staff Report, Assembly Bill 2127 Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Assessment. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/publications/2023/second-assembly-bill-ab-2127-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructureassessment 39 CARB. Advanced Clean Fleets Regulation Overview. Accessed at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/factsheets/advanced-clean-fleets-regulation-overview 40 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2021. Report Shows California Needs 1.2 Million Electric Vehicle Chargers by 2030.

Accessed at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/news/2021-06/report-shows-california-needs-12-million-electric-vehiclechargers-2030 41Based on the zero-emission vehicle goals for passenger vehicles established by Executive Order N-79-20, eight million zero-emission vehicles are anticipated statewide by 2030. The City of Pacifica, through the development of this CAAP, estimates that these eight million zero-emission vehicles represent 26 percent of the total passenger vehicles expected statewide by 2030 (based on statewide passenger car and light-duty truck counts in 2016 and population estimates for 2016 and 2030).
42 Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan and Kumar Alok. Adoption of Electric Vehicle: A Literature Review and Prospects for Sustainability (2020). Accessed at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095965261934781X. 43 Winjobi, Olumide and Kelly, Jarod. Used Plug-in Electric Vehicles as a Means of Transportation Equity in Low-Income Households (2021). Accessed at: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1658592.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 21 charging infrastructure needs, it is expected that 20 percent of EV charging nationally will occur at publicly accessible chargers in 2030.44By committing to install approximately 540 public EV chargers and facilitating the deployment of shared private chargers for multifamily housing, the City is proactively addressing infrastructure barriers and enabling equitable access to EV adoption. See below for justification of the EV charger infrastructure needs to support Pacifica’s 50 percent EV adoption goal.

EV CHARGER IMPLEMENTATION
Estimation of EV charging infrastructure requirements to support Goal T4 is based on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Projection Tool (EVI-Pro) outputs for the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley Metropolitan Area.45 The tool is used to calculate the number of publicly accessible EV chargers needed in Pacifica to support a 50 percent passenger ZEV adoption in 2030. The quantification assumes all ZEVs will be EVs to remain conservative in the plan for EV chargers.

To determine Pacifica’s target EV population, the 2021 ratio of vehicles per person was applied to Pacifica’s projected 2030 population, resulting in an estimated 18,306 EVs.46, 47 As the EVI-Pro tool requires a minimum input of 35,000 vehicles, this baseline was used to derive a regional EV-to-public charger ratio (32 vehicles per charger). This ratio was then applied to Pacifica’s projected 2030 EV population, allowing for a localized estimate of infrastructure needs. The current number of public EV chargers in Pacifica was subtracted from this estimate to determine the number of additional chargers required by 2030.48 Through this method, it was identified that Pacifica will need approximately 540 additional public EV chargers by 2030 to adequately support its EV adoption goals. Due to the large amount of state and federal funding available to support California’s need for over one million public and shared chargers by 2030 (to meet Executive Order B-48-18’s ZEV goals), it is expected that these chargers are economically feasible and will be implemented through public-private funding and partnerships and permit streamlining.49
44 Kampshoff, Philipp et al. Building the Electric-Vehicle Charging Infrastructure America Needs (2022). Accessed at:
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/building-the-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructureamerica-needs. 45 U.S. Department of Energy. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Projection Tool (EVI-Pro) Lite. Accessed at:
https://afdc.energy.gov/evi-pro-lite. 46 The population of Pacifica in 2021 and projected population in 2030 was sourced from Pacifica’s GHG Inventory and Forecast developed for purposes of CAAP development 47 California Department of Motor Vehicles. 2020. Fuel Type by County as of 1/1/2020. Available at:
https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/uploads/2020/09/MotorVehicleFuelTypes_City_01012020.pdf 48 PlugShare. 2025. Best EV Charging Stations in Pacifica. Available at:
https://www.plugshare.com/directory/us/california/pacifica 49Office of Governor Gavin Newsom. California Building Bigger, Better Zero-Emission Charging Network. Accessed at:
http://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/02/14/california-building-bigger-better-zero-emission-charging-network/.

Caltrans. California Investing in EV Charging Reliability Statewide with $63 Million in Federal Funding (2024). Accessed at:
https://dot.ca.gov/news-releases/news-release-2024-002.

7.b
Packet Pg. 707 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-63 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
22 GHG QUANTIFICATION
GHG emissions reductions associated with Goal T4 are estimated based on the reduction in gasoline-powered vehicle miles traveled (VMT), assuming that each percentage increase in EV adoption corresponds to an equivalent percentage decrease in internal combustion engine vehicle miles. The analysis accounts for the baseline EV population in 2021 to calculate the net increase in EVs and includes emissions from the electricity used to power the additional EVs. Equation 4 and Table 9 summarize the methodology and data sources used to estimate GHG reductions associated with increasing Pacifica’s EV population to 50 percent by 2030.

ZEV Population Increase Equations
Equation 4 CO2e ReductionZEV = ((VMTpass-VMTalt)*(ZEV Adoption2030-ZEV Adoption Baseline)* EFVMT)- (Elec Converted *EFelec *(1+LT&D))
Table 9 ZEV Population Parameters and Data Sources
Variable Definition Unit 2030 Data Source
VMTpass Forecasted Passenger VMT miles 178,155,345 Pacifica CAAP Forecast
VMTalt VMT reduction from active
and public transportation
targets
miles 22,115,002 Calculated
ZEV Adoption2030 Electric vehicle adoption
target
percent 50% City Target
ZEV Adoption
Baseline
Electric vehicle adoption
baseline
percent 7.36% EMFAC1
EFVMT Forecasted VMT emission
factor
MT
CO2e/mile

0.0002773 EMFAC1
Elec Converted Electricity from electric
vehicle conversion
kWh 24,517,835 Calculated1,2
EFelec Forecasted residential
electricity emission factor
MT
CO2e/kWh

0.0001150 Pacifica CAAP
Forecast
LT&D Electricity T&D Losses percentage 4.40% Pacifica CAAP GHG Inventory
California Energy Commission (CEC). Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Assessment-AB 2127. Accessed at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/reports/electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-assessment-ab-2127.

7.b
Packet Pg. 708 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-64 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector T: Transportation and Land Use
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 23 Variable Definition Unit 2030 Data Source
CO2e ReductionZEV ZEV GHG emission
reductions
MT CO2e 15,506 Eq 4
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2024. Emission FACtor (EMFAC). Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions-inventory/44d4e20d4e19185bde9a4d769147356d2f0eae62

2. Electricity converted is estimated by applying a forecasted electricity usage per mile rate, as provided by the EMFAC Model, to the VMT reduced from achieving ZEV adoption increase.

7.b
Packet Pg. 709 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-65 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
24 4 Sector F: Food, Consumption, and
Waste
Pacifica’s food and solid waste sector focuses on recovering organic waste and utilizing it to support carbon sequestration. As the City expands organics diversion to comply with SB 1383, this diverted waste can be processed into products such as compost, which—when applied to land—improves soil health and sequesters atmospheric carbon. Additionally, the City will work with Recology to increase the use of zeroemission or biogas-fueled vehicles and conduct waste audits for commercial customers to ensure compliance with recycling and composting requirements. The following subsection details the substantial evidence and calculation methodologies used to estimate GHG emission reductions for this sector.

Table 10 summarizes the solid waste goals with quantifiable GHG reductions. The following subsections detail the substantial evidence and calculation methodologies used to estimate GHG emissions reductions for this sector.

Table 10 Sector F: Food, Consumption, and Waste GHG Emission Reduction Summary Goal ID Goal
2030 GHG
Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
F3 Reduce GHG emissions from the solid waste sector by 75% below 2021 level by 2030.
6,634
Total 6,634
F3: Reduce GHG emissions in solid waste sector by 75% by 2030.

Goal F3 puts Pacifica on a path to meet the City’s SB 1383 organics diversion and procurement target by 2030. SB 1383 requires each jurisdiction in California to reduce landfilled organic waste—and its associated GHG emissions—by 75 percent by 2030, as well as to procure recovered organics waste products to meet annual procurement targets developed by CalRecycle.50 Recovered organic waste products include compost, mulch, renewable energy generated from anaerobic digestion (e.g., transportation fuel, electricity, and gas for heating), and electricity generated from biomass conversion.

While a jurisdiction has the option to procure any combination of recovered organic waste products to fulfill 100 percent of its procurement target, Pacifica aims to meet their procurement target primarily through the procurement of compost, mulch, and 50 CalRecycle. Procurement Targets and Recovered Organic Waste Products. Accessed at:
https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/procurement/recoveredorganicwasteproducts/.

7.b
Packet Pg. 710 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-66 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Sector F: Food, Consumption, and Waste
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Memorandum 25 biochar to leverage the carbon sequestration benefits it provides when applied to lands. The primary actions that enable this goal include:
 Action F3.1, which directs the City to establish a food recovery program for restaurants by December 2027, in coordination with Recology to identify and engage potential food service providers and retailers; and  Action F3.2, which commits the City to assess opportunities for the beneficial use of organic waste products—such as biochar, compost, mulch, and biofuels—by June 2027, to support carbon sequestration and sustainable land management practices.

These actions direct the City to divert and procure organics to align with their annual SB 1383 requirements.

Organics Diversion
GHG emissions reductions associated with organics diversion is estimated according to Equation 5 and the parameters listed in Table 11 below, assuming Pacifica will achieve complete compliance with SB 1383 requirements.

Landfilled Organic Waste Reduction Equations
Equation 5 CO2e ReductionLOW= CO2e Emissions*Reduction TargetLOW Table 11 Landfilled Organics Reduction Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Unit 2030 Data Source
CO2e Emissions Landfilled organic waste GHG
emissions in 2030
MT CO2e 8,212 Pacifica CAAP
Forecast
Reduction Targetlow Landfilled organic waste reduction
target
percent 75% SB 1383
compliance1
CO2e ReductionLOW,y Landfilled organic waste GHG
emission reductions
MT CO2e 6,159 Eq 5
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. CalRecycle. SB 1383 Jurisdiction Responsibilities. Accessed at:
https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/Docs/Web/119160#:~:text=Beginning%20in%202022%2C%20SB%201383,is%20au tomatically%20provided%20the%20service
Organics Procurement
GHG emissions reductions associated with organics procurement is estimated according to Equation 6 and the parameters listed in Table 12 below.

Compost Procurement Equations
Equation 6 CO2e Sequestration = (Compost Required * CSFCompost) * Compliance Target

7.b
Packet Pg. 711 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-67 Pacifica Substanital Evidence Report | Pacifica CAAP Appendix City of Pacifica
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
26 Table 12 Compost Procurement Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Unit Value Data Source
Compost Required Compost procurement required to
meet organic waste procurement
target
tons 2,065 Calculated1,2,3
CSFCompost Carbon sequestration factor for
mixed organic compost application
MT CO2e/ ton 0.23 CARB (2017)4
Compliance Target Compliance target with
procurement requirement
percentage 100% SB 1383
compliance
CO2e
Sequestration
Carbon sequestered from
compost procurement and
application
MT CO2e 475 Eq 6
Notes: MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. Compost procurement requirements is estimated based on forecasted population of Pacifica in 2030 (44,507).

According to SB 1383 requirements, jurisdictions must procure 0.08 tons of organics per person. Assuming all organics are procured in the form of compost, total organic tons is converted to compost tons based on CalRecycle’s Procurement Calculator tool (0.58 compost tons per organic waste tons.

2. CalRecycle. 2025. Procurement Targets and Recovered Organic Waste Products. Accessed at:
https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/procurement/recoveredorganicwasteproducts/

3. CalRecycle. 2025. Model Reporting Tools; Procurement Calculator Tool. Available at:
https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/reporting/

4. California Air and Resources Board (CARB). 2017. Method for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions From Diversion of Organic Waste From Landfills to Compost Facilities. Available at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/waste/cerffinal.pdf

7.b
Packet Pg. 712 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-68 FundingSources | Pacifica CAAP Appendix
Appendix D
Summary of Key Findings
Appendix C
Community Engagement
Appendix B
Ramaytush Word Bank

APPENDIX G
Funding
Sources

7.b
Packet Pg. 713 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) San Mateo County Transportation
Authority
y Transportation Demand Management Planning
(2026, 2028): $100K
y Shuttle Program Implementation (2025,
2027): $500-$1M
y Pedestrian and Bicycle Implementation (2026,
2028): $26.8M
Metropolitan Transportation Commission
y California’s Active Transportation Program
(ATP): Taps state and federal funds to support programs that make walking and biking better travel options for Bay Area residents. $500K - $4M.
y Housing Incentive Pool Grant: Encourages
the production and preservation of
affordable housing.
y Parking & Curb Management: Offers technical
assistance and grants to help local governments
update parking and curb policies and implement
programs to achieve local and regional goals.
y Pavement Management Technical Assistance
Program (P-TAP): Calls for projects every Fall
related to:
∙ Implementing, updating, and maintaining
pavement management databases
∙ Providing accurate pavement condition data to
city councils, county supervisors or other local
decision makers
∙ Supporting regional management of nonpavement street and road assets (signs, storm drains, curbs and gutters, traffic signals, and
streetlights) through pilot projects
y Priority Conservation Area (PCA) Grant: Calls
for projects every Fall from agencies, tribes, and
non-profits working to advance Bay Area conservation priorities. Initiatives are intended to protect and enhance the region's natural and agricultural lands, improve outdoor access and urban greening, and build regional climate resiliency
across Bay Area communities.
y MTC’s Priority Development Area (PDA) Grant:

Calls for proposals every other year to fund plans
and offer technical assistance to locally nominated
Priority Development Areas (PDAs) that address
regional long-term goals related to reducing
GHG emissions and offering more affordable
housing for all. Project categories, along with their
maximum grant amount, include:
∙ Plans: Specific, precise, or similar plan. Up
to $1.2M.
∙ Plan Amendments: Amendments to an
adopted plan. Up to $600K.
∙ Plan Implementation: Technical assistance to
develop and adopt policies or programs that
facilitate the implementation of an adopted
plan; may be applicable to two or more PDAs.

Up to $200K.

San Mateo County Office of Education
y San Mateo County Safe Routes to School
(SRTS): Calls for projects annually in late Winter
that address small capital infrastructure or other
initiatives that enhance pedestrian or bicycle
safety near public school sites. Up to $30K.

Peninsula Clean Energy
y EV Ready Program: Offers $11.5M in grants,
available to member agencies like Pacifica.

Deadline July 30, 2025.
y Public Building Electrification Program
(GovBE): Helps local governments convert
methane gas to clean, efficient electricity in their
buildings. Offers grants of up to $600K per jurisdiction per year and loans of up to $600K per jurisdiction per year. Deadline July 3, 2025.
y Public Fleet Electrification Program (GovEV):

Provides free technical assistance, project
planning, and funding to public agencies for new
electric vehicles (EVs) and charging infrastructure
for their fleets. Rolling application.

City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-69 FundingSources | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 714 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) Bay Area Air District (BAAD) y Charge! Program: Provides grants of up to $3M to install publicly accessible electric vehicle (EV)
charging stations across the Bay Area, aiming
to support EV adoption and reduce transpor-
tation-related emissions. Applications open in
mid-November.
y Carl Moyer Program: Provides grants (amount
varies, $43.4M statewide budget) to reduce
emissions from heavy-duty engines by funding
cleaner-than-required engines and equipment,
thereby improving air quality. Applications
for on-road and infrastructure projects open
on May 1, 2025. Off-road applications open
on June 2, 2025.

California Energy Commission y Various EV programs, including but not limited to: ∙ GFO-24-604 Reliable, Equitable, and Accessible Charging for Multi-Family Housing
(REACH): Intends to increase EV charging access
for residents of multi-family housing (MFH), par-
ticularly in disadvantaged and low-income com-
munities. Up to $19M. For the last grant cycle,
applications opened in October and closed in
February.
∙ GFO-23-606 Charging Infrastructure for
Government Fleets: Supports the electri-
fication of light-duty government fleets in
California by providing reliable and accessible
EV charging infrastructure. Up to $30M. Fort
the last grant cycle, applications opened in
December and closed in April.
∙ Communities in Charge: Incentive program
for property owners designed to rapidly deploy
Level 2 EV charging stations, focusing on com-
munity-centric locations to enhance EV acces-
sibility. Up to 6.5K or 100% of eligible costs.

For the last grant cycle, applications opened in
November and closed in January.

City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-70 FundingSources | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 715 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-71 Policy, Climate Legislation and Regulations | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Appendix D
Summary of Key Findings
Appendix C
Community Engagement
Appendix B
Ramaytush Word Bank

APPENDIX H
Policy, Climate
Legislation and
Regulations
Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024

7.b
Packet Pg. 716 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) General Sources:
∙ CA Legislation:
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/
Reaching California and US Climate Goals
y CA Climate Plan Road Map to 2045: Designed to
achieve net zero carbon pollution by 2045 through
many California laws, including the following:
∙ AB 1279 (2022) The California Climate Crisis
Act: Achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 and
maintain net negative GHG emissions thereafter, and ensure that by 2045, statewide anthropogenic GHG emissions are reduced
at least 85% below 1990 levels. https://ww2.
arb.ca.gov/2022-assembly-bill-1279-muratsuchi-al-california-climate-crisis-act-chaptered ∙ SB 1020 (2022) Clean Energy, Jobs, and
Affordability Act of 2022: Establishes interim
targets for the state’s 100% clean energy goal
in 2045 and accelerates the date by which state
agencies must achieve 100% clean energy use.
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/2022-senate-bill-1020-
laird-john-clean-energy-jobs-and-affordabilityact-2022-chaptered ∙ SB 905 (2022) Carbon sequestration: Carbon
Capture, Removal, Utilization, and Storage
Program: Requires CARB to create the CCRUSP
program to evaluate, demonstrate, and regulate carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) projects and technology. https://ww2.arb.
ca.gov/2022-senate-bill-905-caballero-anna-carbon-sequestration-carbon-capture-removal-utilization-and ∙ SB 1314 (2022) Oil and Gas: Class II Injection
Wells: Enhanced Oil Recovery: Prohibits the
injection of a concentrated carbon dioxide fluid
produced by a carbon dioxide capture project
or carbon dioxide capture and sequestration
project into a Class II well for the purposes
of enhanced oil recovery. https://www.gov.
ca.gov/2022/09/16/governor-newsom-signssweeping-climate-measures-ushering-in-newera-of-world-leading-climate-action/ ∙ AB 1757 (2022) California Global Warming
Solutions Act of 2006: climate goal: natural
and working lands: Calls for a suite of actions
to center nature-based solutions in California’s
climate efforts and urgently scale their implementation in line with best available science. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1757 y CARB Scoping Plan (2022): Created a more complete list of goals, including the following:
https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/11/16/californiareleases-worlds-first-plan-to-achieve-net-zero-carbon-pollution/ ∙ Cut air pollution 71% and GHG emissions
85% by 2045.
∙ Reduce GHGs 48% below 1990 levels by 2030.
∙ Reduce fossil fuel consumption to less than
one-tenth of what we use today, a 94% drop in
demand for oil and 86% drop in demand for all
fossil fuels.
∙ Create four million new jobs.
∙ Save Californians $200 billion in health costs
due to pollution.
∙ Build at least 20 offshore wind turbines by 2045;
Build three million climate-friendly homes by
2030 and 7 million by 2035; Install six million
heat pumps by 2030.
∙ Remove at least 20 million metric tons CO2
equivalent (MMTCO2e) by 2030 and 100
MMTCO2e by 2045.
∙ Achieve 20% non-combustion in the aviation
sector by 2045.
∙ Reduce light-duty vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
by 25% below 1990 levels by 2030 and 30%
below 1990 levels by 2045.
∙ Invest $54 billion to forge an oil-free future while
building sustainable communities throughout
the state.

City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
72 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 717 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) y California's Draft Priority Climate Action Plan
(2024): This comprehensive plan for reducing GHG
emissions and adapting to the effects of climate
change identifies strategies and measures to
meet the State of California’s 2030 and 2045 GHG
emission reduction requirements. https://ww2.arb.
ca.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/California%20
Draft%20CPRG%20Priority%20Climate%20
Action%20Plan%20as%20of%20January%20
31%202024.pdf
y San Mateo County’s Climate Action Plan
(2022): The Community Climate Action Plan
(CCAP) outlines priority actions to achieve a 45%
reduction of GHG emissions over 1990 levels
by 2030 and carbon neutrality within unincorporated San Mateo County by 2040. https:// www.smcsustainability.org/climate-change/
climate-action-planning/cc-action-plan
y US. Mayors Climate Action Protection
Agreement (2019): 1066 mayors in the U.S.,
including Pacifica’s mayor, signed the U.S. Mayors
Climate Protection Agreement, urging federal and
state governments to enact policies and programs
to meet the Kyoto Protocol targets and commits
their local agencies to strive to take actions to meet
the Kyoto Protocol targets. https://www.usmayors.
org/programs/mayors-climate-protection-center/
y Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (2021), also
known as the Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act: Grant opportunities for local/regional
transportation and other projects, including EV
charging. Provides billions of dollars to modernize
the electricity grid, build a nationwide network of
EV chargers, strengthen the battery supply chain,
expand public transit and passenger rail, invest
in new clean energy, and promote emissions
reduction technologies.
y https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/08/02/updated-fact-sheet-bipartisan-infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act/ y Inflation Reduction Act (2022): Offers rebates
and tax incentives for residents switching from gas
to electric appliances. Creates the Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Fund for local projects, including solar,
clean electricity, transmission, and clean transportation, including EV incentives. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5376 y SB 253 (2024) Climate Corporate Data
Accountability Act: Requires the State Board
to adopt regulations by July 1, 2026 requiring
business entities in California with total annual
revenues in excess of $1B to publicly disclose their
emissions to the emissions reporting organization,
starting in 2026 and annually thereafter. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB253
y SB 261 (2023) California's Climate-Related
Financial Risk Act: Requires California businesses
with revenues over $500M to disclose climate-related financial risks every other year starting January 1, 2026.
y https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/
ca_202320240ab1893
y AB 1305 (2023) Voluntary Carbon Market
Disclosures Act: Requires buyers and sellers
of voluntary carbon offsets to disclose on their
website specified information about the applicable carbon offset project and details regarding accountability measures if a project is not completed or does not meet the projected emissions reductions or removal benefits. https://legiscan.
com/CA/text/AB1305/id/2832513
Electricity Supply & Alternative Energy
y Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE): Households and
businesses in Pacifica are automatically enrolled
in Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE), a joint powers
authority made up of the County of San Mateo and
the 20 cities in the County, including Pacifica. PCE
provides residents and businesses in San Mateo
County with a cleaner choice of electricity. The
default enrollment is in ECO Plus, which is 50%
renewable and 100% clean energy at a rate that is
approximately 5% lower than PG&E. All residents
and businesses are invited to enroll in the ECO
100 option which is 100% renewable and costs
one cent more per kilowatt hour than the Eco Plus
Option. https://www.peninsulacleanenergy.com/
energy-choices/
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
73 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 718 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) y SB 1078 (2002) Renewables Portfolio Standard
(RPS) Program: Sets the percentage of electricity
in CA that must be carbon free by a set date.
∙ SB 100 (2018) amends this law to direct that all
electricity generated must be carbon free by
2045, and 60% of all electricity must be carbon
free by 2030. SB 100 requires CEC, PUC, and
CARB to report their progress every four years.

Peninsula Clean Energy has a goal for all San
Mateo electricity to be from 100% renewable
sources by 2027. https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps
y SB 1020 (2022) 100% Clean Electric Grid: Creates
clean electricity targets of 90% by 2035 and
95% by 2040, advancing the state’s trajectory to
100% clean electricity by 2045. https://www.gov.
ca.gov/2022/09/16/governor-newsom-signs-sweeping-climate-measures-ushering-in-new-era-ofworld-leading-climate-action/ y AB 1921 (2024) Energy: Renewable electrical
generation facilities: definition: Revises the definition of “renewable electrical generation facility” to include a facility that uses fuel cells or linear
generators that use specified fuels. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1921
y AB 2462 (2024) Public Utilities Commission:
written reports: energy: PUC reports contain
recommendations that may take longer than
12 months to implement, but could save costs
on utility bills, and must include consumer cost.
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2462 y SB 1006 (2024) Electricity: transmission capacity:
reconductoring and grid-enhancing technologies:

Requires transmission utilities by January 1, 2026,
and every two years thereafter, to prepare a feasibility study on projects to connect consumers with renewable energy and zero-carbon resources.
https://legiscan.com/CA/bill/SB1006/2023
y AB 2779 (2024) Electricity: renewable energy
resources: Requires Independent System
Operators to report use of new grid-enhancing
technology and its cost and/or efficiency savings.
https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB2779/id/2930535
y SB 1420 (2024) Hydrogen Production Facilities:

Under the California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA), documentation is required before a public
agency can approve or undertake certain projects.

This bill expands the types of facilities to include
hydrogen production, storage, and processing
facilities that do not use fossil fuels and that
receive funding from specified state and federal
programs. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1420/
id/3018925
y SB 288 (2022) Solar Bill of Rights: Ensures fair
treatment for solar energy users by eliminating
unfair fees, streamlining the processing of applications, and providing better compensation for solar energy production. https://www.solar.com/learn/
what-is-california-solar-bill-of-rights/
y Federal Solar Investment Tax Credit:

Provides incentives for residents to install
balcony solar and batteries by 2027. https://
www.energy.gov/eere/solar/articles/
solar-investment-tax-credit-what-changed
Transportation
y AB 32 Climate Change Scoping Plan (2006)
The California Global Warming Solutions Act:

Requires Pacifica to focus on:
∙ Accessibility: Improve mobility across all
modes of transportation
∙ Quality of Life and Public Health: Enable vibrant,
healthy communities through expanded
walking and bicycling paths and convenient
transit options.
∙ Environment: Reduce the negative impacts of
transportation by expanding low-carbon and
sustainable mobility options.
∙ https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/
ab-32-climate-change-scoping-plan
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
74 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 719 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) y CARB Regulations of 2023:
∙ Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II): Starting with
the 2026 model year, requires 35% of passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks to be zero-emission version increasing to 51% in
2028, growing each year until it reaches 100%
in 2035. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/
programs/advanced-clean-cars-program/
advanced-clean-cars-ii
∙ Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF): Accelerating ZEV
Truck Markets. State and local government
fleets, including city, county, special district,
and state agency fleets, are required to ensure
that 50% of vehicle purchases are zero emission
by the start of 2024 and 100% zero emission
by 2027. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/
programs/advanced-clean-fleets
y AB 1594 (2023) Medium- and heavy-duty
zero-emission vehicles: public agency utilities:

Establishes goal of transitioning medium and
heavy-duty vehicles to zero-emission vehicles
by 2045 and by 2035 for drayage trucks. https://
legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1594/id/2708171
y HR 3684 (2023) Infrastructure Investment
and Jobs Act: Established the Carbon Reduction
Program (CRP), which provides funds for projects
designed to reduce transportation emissions from
on-road highway sources. https://www.congress.
gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684
y EOB 16-12 (2016) Accelerate Market for ZEVs:

Directed state government to help accelerate
the market for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs)
in California, and calls for 1.5 million ZEVs in
California by 2025. https://www.dgs.ca.gov/
Resources/SAM/TOC/4100/4121
y SB 743 (2013) Vehicle Miles Travelled Measure:

Requires the amount of driving and length of trips,
measured by "vehicle miles traveled" or VMT, to be
used to assess transportation impacts on the environment for CEQA review. Local governments are now required to streamline their ordinances for EV
charging infrastructure. https://www.sb743.org/
y AB 1236 (2015) Local ordinances: electric
vehicle charging stations.: Requires all California
cities and counties to develop an expedited,
streamlined permitting process for electric vehicle
charging stations (EVCS). https://business.ca.gov/
industries/zero-emission-vehicles/plug-in-readiness/permitting-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-best-practices/ y AB 2427 (2024) Electric vehicle charging
stations: permitting - curbside charging:

Requires local agencies to list all information
required for a permit to install an electric vehicle
charging station within the public right-of-way.

Pacifica must comply by Jan 1, 2029. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2427
y AB 2697 (2024) Transportation electrification:
electric vehicle charging infrastructure: Prohibits
subscription or membership fees for charging
stations. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/
billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2697
y AB 579 (2023-24) School buses must be zero
emission vehicles: Starting January 1, 2035,
requires all newly purchased or contracted school
buses to be zero-emission vehicles, where feasible.
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB579 y SB 59 (2024) Battery electric vehicles - bidirectional capability: Requires electric vehicle batteries to be bidirectional, if beneficial to operator and electrical grid. https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb59 Education
y AB 285 (2023) Pupil Instruction: Requires study
of science in grades 1-12 to include emphasis on
causes and effects of climate change and methods
to mitigate and to adapt. https://legiscan.com/CA/
text/AB285/id/2841747
y SB 394 (2023-24) Master Plan for Healthy,
Sustainable and Climate Resilient Schools:

Requires state officials to create a statewide plan
to help school districts integrate climate resilience
and sustainability into their master plans. Requires
the State Energy Resources Conservation and
Development Commission to develop a Master
Plan for Healthy, Sustainable, and Climate-Resilient
Schools on or before March 31, 2025. https://
legiscan.com/CA/text/SB394/id/2794090
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
75 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 720 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) Housing
y SB 4 (2023) Affordable Housing on Faith and
Higher Education Lands Act: Allows streamlined by-right development for higher education and religious institutions, prioritizing higher
density multifamily housing through zoning
and regulation. https://www.coxcastle.com/
publication-governor-signs-long-awaited-affordable-housing-on-faith-and-higher-education-lands-act-of-2023 y SB 423 (2023) Land use: streamlined housing
approvals: multifamily housing developments:

Authorizes streamlined ministerial approval
process for affordable multifamily housing where
the housing element is not being met. Applies
in Coastal zone as of January 1, 2025. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB423
y AB 835 (2023) State Fire Marshal: building
standards: single-exit, single stairway multiunit
residential buildings: Instructs the State Fire
Marshal to assess standards for single entry,
single stairway multi-family housing; intended
to enable denser and more diverse housing and
lower barrier for buyers, renters, and developers.
https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB835/id/2698767
y AB 1319 (2023) Bay Area Housing Finance
Authority: Establishes Bay Area Housing Finance
Authority (BAHFA) to raise and allocate funding
for affordable housing and tenant protection
assistance. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1319/
id/2845300
y AB 1893 (2023) Housing Accountability Act:

Requires cities to create general land use plans
including housing elements. Starting Jan. 1, 2025,
new Builder's Remedy projects must comply with
site restrictions, density limits, certain objective
local standards, and other requirements. Eases
affordability requirements and offers Builder's
Remedy applicants more explicit protections.
https://legiscan.com/CA/rollcall/AB1893/
id/1444396
y AB 894 (2023) Parking Requirement: To lower
the cost of housing production, jurisdictions must
allow shared parking arrangements for new and
existing housing and commercial projects to count
towards meeting parking minimums. https://
legiscan.com/CA/text/AB894/id/2840380
y AB 1287 (2023) Density Bonus Law: Mandates
that cities grant a density bonus and provide
incentives for development proposals that
include deed-restricted affordable housing.
https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/
ca_202320240ab1287
y SB 1123 (2024) Planning and zoning: subdivisions: ministerial review: Prohibits accessory dwelling units or junior accessory dwelling
units from counting as residential units for
the requirement that a housing development
project on the lot proposed to be subdivided
will contain 10 or fewer residential units. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1123
y AB 1886 (2024) Housing Element Law: substantial compliance: Housing Accountability Act:

Strengthens California's "Builder's Remedy" provisions by clarifying that only the state housing department (HCD) or a court can determine
whether a local housing element complies with
state law, preventing cities from self-declaring
compliance to block housing projects. Ensures
that Builder’s Remedy projects submitted during a
period of noncompliance remain valid even if the
jurisdiction later comes into compliance. https://
www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2023/10/
californias-2024-housing-laws-what-youneed-to-know
y AB 2243 (2024) Housing Development projects:

Updates California’s streamlined housing approval
laws (AB 2011 and SB 6) by refining eligibility,
affordability, and site criteria for affordable and
mixed-income housing developments. Prohibits
demolishing historic structures listed on national,
state, or local registers and expands eligibility to
larger commercial sites, while clarifying affordability calculations and local review timelines. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2243 y SB 1211 (2024) Land use: accessory dwelling
units: ministerial approval: Prohibits local
agencies from requiring the replacement of offstreet parking spaces if an uncovered parking space is demolished in conjunction with the construction of, or is converted to, an ADU. https:// leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1211
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
76 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 721 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) y SB 450 (2024) Housing development approvals:

Removes the requirement that a proposed housing
development does not allow for the demolition
of more than 25% of the existing exterior structural walls to be considered ministerially. https:// leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB450
y AB 1893 (2024) Housing Accountability Act:
housing disapprovals: To achieve the state’s
statutory housing objective, the Legislature has
amended the Housing Element Law, to reflect
the complexities of existing land use practices
and economic realities. Self-executing remedies,
such as the existing “Builder’s Remedy” provision
set forth in the Housing Accountability Act, can
be more effectively deployed by the private
sector to develop more housing projects of all
levels of affordability. https://leginfo.legislature.
ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_
id=202320240AB1893&showamends=false
y AB 2493 (2024) Tenancy: application screening
fee: Authorizes a landlord to charge an application
screening fee only if the landlord, at the time the
application screening fee is collected, offers an
application screening process, as specified. Also
prohibits a landlord from charging an applicant an
application screening fee when they know that no
rental unit is available. https://leginfo.legislature.
ca.gov/faces/bil
y AB 2240 (2024) Farm labor centers: migratory
agricultural workers: Requires the department,
by January 1, 2026, to solicit feedback from
specified stakeholders on the definition of
“migratory agricultural worker” for the purposes of updating the definition. By July 1, 2027, requires the department to develop and submit
to specified legislative committees a report that
analyzes the feasibility and impact of transitioning housing units at Office of Migrant Services centers to year-round availability. https://leginfo.
legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_
id=202320240AB2240&email=467cb6399cb7df64551775e431052b43a775c749&emaila=12a6d4d069cd56cfddaa391c24eb7042&emailb=054528e7 403871c79f668e49dd3c44b1ec00c7f611bf9388f76b
b2324d6ca5f3
Buildings
y CEC, CA Building Code (2022): All California
buildings built after 1/1/23 must be more energy
efficient, as spelled out in the Building Efficiency
Standards CA 2022. Homes must have enough
solar or combination of solar and batteries to
power the home. Homes must be suitable for
electric heating, cooking and EV charging. https://
www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/
programs/building-energy-efficiency-standards
y SB-837 (2023) Sealed and Unvented Attics:

Mandates that the California Energy Commission
(CEC) consider revising building energy efficiency
standards to include sealed and unvented attics to
enhance energy efficiency by recognizing unvented
attics as part of the building's thermal envelope,
which could impact how energy efficiency is calculated for buildings with such attic designs. https:// legiscan.com/CA/text/SB837/id/2792964
y U.S. DOE (2022) Energy Efficiency Standards:

Requires heat pumps, as or more efficient than 15
SEER, for space heating or water heating. https://
www.ahrinet.org/2023-energy-efficiency-standards
y Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code,
Investment Tax Credit (ITC) (2023): Covers up to
30% of the costs of dynamic glass, making it closer
in cost to other glazing solutions. https://www.
prnewswire.com/news-releases/inflation-reduction-act-adds-dynamic-glass-to-the-investmenty Cal Green's Update to 2022 Building Code, Model Reach Code (2024): Updates the California
Green Building Standards Code (CalGreen) Part 11,
Title 24. https://www.dgs.ca.gov/BSC/Codes
y AB 2446 (2022) Embodied Carbon Emissions:

Construction Materials: Mandates that carbon in
building materials be reduced by 20% by 2030 and
40% by 2035. Creates a framework for measuring
carbon intensity of building materials. https://
ww2.arb.ca.gov/2022-assembly-bill-2446-holden-chris-embodied-carbon-emissions-construction-materials-chaptered y AB 43 (2023) Greenhouse gas emissions:
building materials: Builders must use materials
that have reduced carbon. Authorizes CARB to
start a cap -and-trade program. https://legiscan.
com/CA/text/AB43/id/2725737
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
77 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 722 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) y Bay Area Air Quality Management District's
(BAAQMD) Regulation 9, Rule 4 and Rule 6: The
Bay Area Air District banned the sale of gas water
heaters in the Bay Area after 2026 and new gas
furnaces will be banned starting in 2029. https://
jmcinspections.com/bay-area-nox-ban
y SB 43 (2023) Building Energy Savings Act:

Mandates that the California Energy Commission
(CEC) develop a comprehensive strategy by July
1, 2026, to utilize benchmarking data for tracking
and managing energy usage and GHG emissions in
large buildings. The finalized strategy, along with
recommendations for further legislative actions,
is to be submitted to the Legislature by August
1, 2026. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/reports/california-building-energy-performance-strategy-report y CalGreen 2025 California Green Building
Code (2024): CalGreen is a mandatory green
building code with additional voluntary provisions. Encourages sustainable construction practices in the following topic areas: Planning
and design, Energy efficiency, Water efficiency
and conservation, Material conservation and
resource efficiency, Environmental quality. Will
take effect Jan 1, 2026. https://www.energy.ca.gov/
proceeding/2025-california-green-building-standards-code-calgreen y SB 1190 (2024) Mobile-homes: solar energy
systems: Prohibits restrictions against solar
panels in mobile home parks. https://leginfo.
legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1190
y SB 1221 (2024) Gas corporations: ceasing
service: priority neighborhood decarbonization
zones: Requires gas corporations to submit annual
maps identifying potential gas line replacements,
enabling the California Public Utilities Commission
(CPUC) to designate “priority neighborhood
decarbonization zones” where targeted pilot
projects can test cost-effective, zero-emission
alternatives. Up to 30 pilot projects, affecting
no more than 1% of each utility's customers,
may allow utilities to cease gas service in these
zones by 2030 if adequate alternative energy is
available, with the CPUC setting cost-effectiveness
criteria and regulatory frameworks. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1221
Incentives
y Heat Pump Tax Credits and State Rebates:

Starting in 2023 through the end of 2032, all homeowners will be eligible for a 30% federal tax credit on the total cost of buying and installing a new
heat pump water heater, with a maximum credit
of $2K. California and PG&E also offers rebates for
heat pump HVAC systems. https://moneywise.com/
taxes/heat-pump-tax-credit-rebate
y Inflation Reduction Act’s Electrification
Incentives: Allocates more than $582M in
incentives in California for electrification of
homes including heat pumps and induction
stoves. https://home.treasury.gov/news/
press-releases/jy1830
y The Solar on Multifamily Affordable Housing
(SOMAH) Program: Offers eligible lower-income
multi-family homes free or low-cost solar panels
from the CPUC. https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/somah
Landscaping
y AB 1346 (2021) Air pollution: small off-road
engines: Prohibits gas-powered leaf blowers,
chainsaws, lawnmowers or other gas-powered
engines under 25 horsepower from being
sold in CA, effective 2024. Allows CARB
to extend the deadline. https://californialocal.com/localnews/statewide/ca/article/ show/1612-leaf-blower-ban-explained/
Reducing Waste
y SB 244 (2023) Right to Repair: Requires manufacturers of consumer electronics to provide replacement parts, diagnostic information, and
service literature to consumers and third-party
repair businesses. https://www.cawrecycles.org/
sb244-eggman?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=cf71
855a-ff96-4231-9b7c-8f482f18de75
y SB 1383 (2022): Requires jurisdictions in California
to provide organic waste collection services to
all residents and businesses. https://calrecycle.
ca.gov/Organics/SLCP/collection/
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
78 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 723 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) y SB 54 (2022) Solid waste: reporting, packaging, and plastic food service ware: Establishes the Plastic Pollution Prevention and Packaging
Producer Responsibility Act, which covers single-use packaging and plastic single-use food service ware. Requires the producers of these
covered materials to reduce plastic covered
material, to ensure that covered material offered
for sale, distributed, or imported in or into the
state on or after January 1, 2032, is recyclable or
compostable. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB54/
id/2600075
y SB 353 (2023) Beverage containers: Requires
a distributor to pay a redemption payment for
every beverage container sold or offered for sale
in the state. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB353/
id/2766307
y SB 1053 (2024) Solid waste: recycled paper bags:
standards: carryout bag prohibition: Redefines
“single-use carryout bag” and “carryout bag”
to mean a bag made of plastic, paper, or other
material that is provided by a store to a customer
at the point of sale for the purpose of carrying
purchased goods and that is not a recycled
paper bag. Create a carryout bag exception to
include a bag provided to a customer. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1053
y U.S. EPA National Recycling Strategy: Part One
of a Series on Building a Circular Economy for
All (2022): Advances the national municipal solid
waste (MSW) recycling system and identifies strategic objectives to create a stronger, more resilient, and cost-effective domestic MSW recycling
system. https://www.epa.gov/circulareconomy/
national-recycling-strategy
y U.S. EPA Solid Waste Infrastructure for
Recycling Grants for Communities Program
(2023): A new grant program, authorized by the
Save our Seas 2.0 Act and funded through the
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, that provides funding to enhance recycling infrastructure and waste management systems across the
U.S. Aims to support the implementation of the
National Recycling Strategy, focusing on building
a circular economy, improving post-consumer
materials management, and assisting local waste
management authorities in making improvements
to local waste management systems. Solid Waste
Infrastructure for Recycling Grants for Political
Subdivisions | US EPA
y Soil Carbon Amendment (Ac.) (336)
Conservation Practice Standard: Promotes
reduction, reuse, repair, and recovery of goods and
materials. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/
guides-and-instructions/soil-carbon-amendmentac-336-conservation-practice-standard y U.S. EPA Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing (EPP) Program (2024): Catalyzes a
more sustainable marketplace for all by leveraging
the >$760B federal budget. Aims to reduce climate
impacts, improve the health of frontline communities, prevent pollution, and increase U.S. industry competitiveness. https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program y AB1276 (2021) Single-use foodware accessories and standard condiments: Prohibits a food facility from providing any single-use
food ware accessory or standard condiment
to a consumer unless requested. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1276
y SB 1053 (2024) Solid waste: recycled paper
bags: standards: carryout bag prohibition: Bans
all plastic bags for grocery use. Takes effect on
Jan 1, 2026. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1053/
id/2921399
y SB 707 (2024) Responsible Textile Recovery Act
(2024): Requires textile companies to repurpose
or recycle their products to divert products from
landfill. Takes effect after July 1, 2028. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB707
y SMC CD&D Guide (2024) Construction,
Deconstruction, and Demolition Guide:

Provides an extensive list of requirements for
construction, destruction, and demolition in San
Mateo County. https://www.smcsustainability.org/
wp-content/uploads/2024-05-24-Construction-Deconstruction-and- Demolition-Guide.pdf y AB 660 (2024) Food and beverage products:
labeling: quality dates, safety dates, and sell-by
dates: Standardizes food date labels to prevent
food waste statewide. The label 'BEST if Used By'
will be used to explain peak quality and the 'Use
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
79 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 724 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) By' label will be used to communicate product
safety. Bans the use of consumer-facing labels
featuring 'Sell By' dates. Takes effect July 1, 2026.
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB660

ADAPTATION
y SB 272 (2023) Planning and adaptation for sea
level rise (SLR): Cities with approved SLR plans
will be prioritized for funding. https://legiscan.
com/CA/text/SB272/id/2674172
y SB 1425 (2023) Open-space element: updates:

Requires cities to have open space plans by Jan
1, 2026 to include an action plan for climate resilience, rewilding, and equitable access to open spaces. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1425/
id/2609397
y AB 225 (2023) Real property: environmental hazards booklet: Requires Dept of Toxic Substances to update the Homeowners' Guide
to Environmental Hazards to include sections
on Wildfire, Climate Change, and Sea Level Rise.
https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB225/id/2844634
y AB 1280 (2023) Fire hazard severity zones:

Requires disclosure in the natural hazard
statement for single family residential properties
in a fire hazard severity zone to indicate whether
the home is in a high or very high fire hazard
severity zone. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/
AB1280/id/2832269
y Chapter 15, CA Plumbing Code (CPC): Adopts an
accessible permitting policy for graywater use and
provides safe installation of graywater systems
to allow cities to expedite the implementation of
residential graywater projects and increase public
education and active participation in water sustainability. https://sustainablesanmateo.org/wp y AB 781 (2023) Accessibility to emergency
information and services: emergency shelters:
persons with pets: Mandates that cities and
counties update their emergency plans to designate at least one emergency shelter, cooling center, or warming center capable of accommodating individuals with pets. Requires local governments to provide public information on pet emergency preparedness and to ensure that designated shelters comply with established safety procedures for sheltering pets. Bill Text - AB-781
Accessibility to emergency information and services: emergency shelters: persons with pets. y SB 306 (2023): Amends the California Emergency
Services Act to grant political subdivisions full
authority during a local emergency to provide
mutual aid to any affected area, in accordance with
local ordinances, resolutions, emergency plans, or
agreements. Emphasizes the importance of local
preparedness and coordination in emergency
response efforts. CA SB306 | 2025-2026 | Regular
Session | LegiScan
y SB 306 (2023) Extreme Heat Action Plan:

Mandates that the Governor’s Office of Planning
and Research (OPR) and the California Natural
Resources Agency update the State’s Extreme Heat
Action Plan every three years, starting on or before
July 1, 2026, to enhance coordinated state and local
responses to extreme heat events. These updates
must include reviews of state agency actions,
resource allocations, identification of program
gaps, and recommendations to protect vulnerable
populations, with the updated plan to be integrated into California’s broader climate adaptation strategy and made publicly available. https://
legiscan.com/CA/text/SB306/id/2840013
y California’s Draft Climate Adaptation Strategy
(2021): California’s strategy to prepare for
the impacts of a changing climate at the state,
regional, and local levels. The 2024 Draft Strategy
is under review. https://www.climateresilience.
ca.gov/overview/index.html
y AB 1819 (2024) Enhanced infrastructure
financing districts: public capital facilities: wildfires: Authorizes an enhanced infrastructure financing district in high or very high fire hazard
severity zones to finance heavy equipment to
be used for vegetation clearance and firebreaks,
undergrounding of local publicly owned electric
utilities against wildfires, and equipment used
for fire watch, prevention, and fighting. https://
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.
xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1819
y AB 1889 (2024) Conservation element: wildlife
and habitat connectivity: Requires a city or county
general plan’s conservation element to consider
the effect of development within the jurisdiction
on the movement of wildlife and habitat connectivity. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1889 City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
80 Climate Legislation and Regulation, Selected as of December 2024 | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 725 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-81 Considerations for E-Bikes and E-Bike Chargers | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Appendix D
Summary of Key Findings
Appendix C
Community Engagement
Appendix B
Ramaytush Word Bank

APPENDIX I
Considerations
for E-Bikes and
E-Bike Chargers

7.b
Packet Pg. 726 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) Electric bikes (E-bikes) can alleviate traffic congestion in cities by reducing the number of vehicles driven on the road. However, E-bikes present a challenge for charging stations. Currently, the City of Pacifica does not have dedicated charging stations for E-bikes, but it is a worthwhile consideration.

This section highlights challenges and options for charging E-bikes, including the feasibility of using car EV charging stations, standard wall outlets, and dedicated E-bike charging stations. It outlines key considerations such as availability, compatibility, and potential risks. The pros and cons lists compare each charging method.

Some things to consider when making the decision to own E-bikes, and what their Charging Options may include:

Car EV charging stations
Pros:
∙ Can work with the right adapter
∙ Offers high-power charging
Cons:
∙ Risks battery damage (overheating, power
mismatch)
∙ May frustrate EV car drivers
∙ Not specifically designed for E-bikes
Dedicated E-bike Charging stations
Pros:
∙ Designated for E-bike batteries
∙ Safer and more reliable for charging
Cons:
∙ Not commonly available
∙ Requires the correct connector (may require
bringing personal charger)
Standard 120V Wall Outlets
Pros:
∙ Easily assessable in many locations
∙ Simple and cost-effective
Cons:
∙ Requires permission from outlet owner
∙ Must carry personal charger
Charging Stations with lockable
Battery Boxes
Pros:
∙ Reduces risk of battery theft
∙ Designed for secure charging
Cons:
∙ Requires battery removal
∙ Often requires a personal charger
General Availability of E-Bike
Charging Stations
Pros:
∙ Some rental companies have charging stations
Cons:
∙ Very limited availability, especially in Pacifica
and Peninsula Cities
∙ Likely restricted to rental company bikes
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-82 Considerations for E-Bikes and E-Bike Chargers | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 727 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-83 Sustainability Coordinator Sample Job Descriptions from Other Bay Area Cities | Pacifica CAAP Appendix Appendix D
Summary of Key Findings
Appendix C
Community Engagement
Appendix B
Ramaytush Word Bank

APPENDIX J
Sustainability
Coordinator Sample
Job Descriptions
from Other Bay
Area Cities

7.b
Packet Pg. 728 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) As the City of Pacifica implements its CAAP, a lead
sustainability staff member is required to coordinate between the Environmental Commission, City Departments, and the community. This appendix
offers sample job descriptions for a position that can
support the actions and goals in this CAAP, as well as
additional environmental initiatives throughout the
community.

Sustainability Analyst
City of San Mateo: The Sustainability Analyst prioritizes program development, project management, and policy analysis to support climate action efforts.
https://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenter/
View/69760/Sustainability-Analyst?bidId=
y Key responsibilities include:
∙ Develop and implement sustainability initiatives
in line with the city’s Climate Action Plan
∙ Conduct research and data analysis to track
environmental performance
∙ Engage with community stakeholders to
promote sustainability programs
∙ Identify funding opportunities and manage
grant applications
∙ Provide reports and recommendations to city
management and elected officials
Sustainability Manager
City of Menlo Park: The Sustainability Manager
manages the City’s sustainability programs to
monitor environmental regulations and implement
climate action initiatives. https://menlopark.gov/files/ sharedassets/public/v/1/administrative-services/
documents/human-resources/job-classifications/
unrepresented-management/sustainability-manager-classification.pdf y Key responsibilities include:
∙ Lead citywide sustainability and climate adaptation efforts ∙ Develop policies and strategies to achieve
carbon neutrality goals
∙ Supervise sustainability staff and coordinate
interdepartmentally
∙ Serve as the City’s liaison with regional, state,
and federal agencies
∙ Manage budgets and secure funding for projects
Sustainability and Resilience Manager
City of Alameda: The Sustainability and Resilience
Manager is responsible for the administration and
implementation of the City’s Climate Action and
Resiliency plan.
https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/
alamedaca/classspecs/1332464
y Key responsibilities include:
∙ Develop and monitor the City’s Climate Action
and Resiliency Plan
∙ Lead department teams in sustainability
projects and implement necessary policies
∙ Conduct policy research to prepare reports for
city leadership
∙ Manage outreach efforts and community sustainability programs ∙ Secure and administer grants to support policy
and program initiatives
City of Pacifica | Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
A-84 Sustainability Coordinator Sample Job Descriptions from Other Bay Area Cities | Pacifica CAAP Appendix

7.b
Packet Pg. 729 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan) Amelia (11 years old)

7.b
Packet Pg. 730 Attachment: Appendices of the Draft CAAP (5945 : Resolution to Adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan)