Commercial Bank of California (CBC), $14,144,538 with CBC Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) Account, $69,018,790 in the State Treasurer’s Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) and $33,708,014 managed by Chandler Asset Management (Chandler). The City also had $1,509,213 held by various Trustee Accounts, all related to the City’s bond issues (1999 Water Revenue Bonds, etc.).
The 2018 Certificates of Participation, Series A (COPS), managed by Wilmington Trust, have an ending balance of $5,280,195, representing the remaining unspent proceeds.
These funds have been invested in Money Market Funds to ensure both stable returns and liquidity.
The Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME), an Enterprise Fund, has two (2) bank accounts managed by River City Bank (RCB). The first account, the RCB ICS account, receives and records investment income. It has an ending balance of $16,676,732 as of December 31, 2024. The second account, the Public Fund account, receives Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) collection payments and executes vendor payments for energy purchases. As of December 31, 2024, the Public Fund account had an ending balance of $2,221,302.
Chandler Asset Management Managed Portfolio
The City entered into a discretionary investment advisory agreement in December 2017 with Chandler, a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registered investment advisor, to manage a portion of the City's portfolio in a disciplined, active manner that complies with the City's investment policy and stated objectives of safety, liquidity, and yield. After a detailed consultation with Chandler's investment team, the City selected the Limited Maturity investment strategy, benchmarked against the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 1-3 Year US Treasury & Agency Index. The strategy invests in a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality fixed-income securities. To maintain compliance with the City's investment policy, Chandler continues to invest in securities that reflect the guidelines set forth in the City's Investment Policy.
To ensure the portfolio's safety, investments with the highest credit quality are selected.
The Chandler Managed Portfolio is comprised primarily of Treasury Securities and Federal Government-sponsored entity debt, otherwise known as federal agency securities. Federal agency securities continue to be regarded as among the safest securities in the global market. Two (2) of the government-sponsored agencies, the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), remain under conservatorship and carry an implicit guarantee by the Federal Government. In addition, both are carefully monitored by the City’s Treasurer to ensure the continued safety of the City’s funds.
The Portfolio Holding Report (Table 1) reflects the types of security holdings in the City’s investment fund. The market value of the December 31, 2024, portfolio is $33,708,014, a decrease of $21,244 from the market value of $33,729,258 on September 30, 2024. In the period ending December 31, 2024, the portfolio held a diverse set of investments, CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 SECOND QUARTER TREASURER’S REPORT AND THE MONTHLY INVESTMENT TRANSACTION REPORT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 – FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025
holding eight (8) different security types. The largest security holding consists of Treasury Securities of $14,922,454. These Treasury Securities are one of the highest-quality debt instruments.
The Portfolio Holdings Report also provides the portfolio’s Par values (nominal value of a bond); Book yield (Internal Rate of Return); Book value (value of a security); Market YTM (long-term bond yield); Market value (amount security can be sold on a given market); Accrued interest (interest earned); Total portfolio (Market value plus accrued interest); and finally, Modified Duration (bond sensitivity of price that may change in interest rates during duration).
Table 1 - Portfolio Holding Report
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CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 SECOND QUARTER TREASURER’S REPORT AND THE MONTHLY INVESTMENT TRANSACTION REPORT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 – FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025
The Investments by Type chart (Chart 1) reflects the makeup of the portfolio holdings by security type. The portfolio holds 44% in US Treasuries (government treasury bonds, notes, and bills), 25% in corporate medium-term notes, 7% of total investments in federal agency securities, 9% in asset-backed securities, and 10% in agency commercial mortgage-backed securities, which are backed by a pool of assets. The remaining investments are in supranational securities, money market funds, and cash reserves.
Chart 1 - Investments by Type
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 SECOND QUARTER TREASURER’S REPORT AND THE MONTHLY INVESTMENT TRANSACTION REPORT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 – FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025
The Investment Rating chart (Chart 2) illustrates the investment grade of the portfolio’s holdings. This rating provides the City with assurance regarding the quality and risk associated with the holdings’ investment grade. As the chart below demonstrates, 98% of the total portfolio consists of investments rated “A” or higher. As of December 31, 2024, the portfolio experienced a slight increase in this rating of 0.3% from September 30, 2024.
Chart 2 - Investment Ratings
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CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 SECOND QUARTER TREASURER’S REPORT AND THE MONTHLY INVESTMENT TRANSACTION REPORT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 – FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025
The City’s portfolio remains highly rated, liquid, and diversified, well-positioned to withstand today’s medium-term economic uncertainties. Recent economic data suggests continued growth fueled by resilient consumers. Inflationary trends have subsided, but some components remain persistent, and core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) levels remain above the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) 2% inflation target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reduced the Fed Funds Rate by a further 25 basis points to the range of 4.25-4.50% at the December meeting. The December Summary of Economic Projections (SEP) showed a notable increase in the forecast for central tendency of inflation, which increased the FOMC’s projected policy path across all time horizons. Over the second quarter of FY 2024-25, after falling in late November, US Treasury yields rose sharply in December, driven by robust economic data and the Fed's unexpectedly firm rate cut, which helped return the yield curve to a more typical shape.
Local Agency Investment Funds (LAIF)
The Pico Rivera Pooled Investment Portfolio is invested in LAIF to manage liquidity. The LAIF September 30, 2024, market value represents a total of $58,327,092, and the December 31, 2024, market value of $69,018,790. The balance increased by $10.6 million compared to the previous quarter. This increase was primarily due to net transfers of $10.0 million from the City’s operating bank account with CBC to LAIF in October, November, and December, along with $691,000 in interest earned. Most of these transfers were attributed to revenues from property tax of $4.5 million and sales tax of $4.7 million.
The City participates in the State of California LAIF portfolio program. The program consists of local agencies participating in a large portfolio to invest using the State Treasurer's Office for investments at no additional cost to the taxpayer. The Local Investment Advisory Board (LIAB) provides oversight for LAIF.
LAIF administrative costs are minimal and assessed quarterly. The Government Code states that administrative costs may not exceed 5% of the fund's quarterly earnings. The characteristics of the LAIF portfolio reflect minimal credit risk and safety in investing in high-quality securities. LAIF funds are protected by statutes and are not borrowable.
Graph 1 shows the comparison of LAIF to the City’s portfolio managed by Chandler, highlighting the differences in investment security types and portfolio duration. Whereas LAIF takes a more conservative approach and focuses on securities with shorter average maturity, LAIF and Chandler follow similar investment guidelines for safety, liquidity, and return.
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 SECOND QUARTER TREASURER’S REPORT AND THE MONTHLY INVESTMENT TRANSACTION REPORT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 – FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025
Graph 1 – LAIF and CAM from
December 2018 through December 2024
Staff has continuously monitored the City’s investment portfolio and performance on an ongoing basis. As shown in Graph 1 above, the yield of the Chandler-managed portfolio has historically outperformed the yield experienced from our LAIF portfolio until September 2022, wherein the market yield curve inverted. This stems from LAIF having a shorter weighted-average maturity than the Chandler-managed portfolio, so it responds more quickly to rises and falls in market yields. The Chandler-managed portfolio yield rates are locked in for an extended period through the reinvestment and purchase of longer-duration securities. During the second quarter of this fiscal year, the Chandlermanaged portfolio reinvested $2.6 million in investment income and maturing securities at an average purchase yield of 4.21%.
Commercial Bank of California Insured Sweep Account
As part of the staff’s commitment to the City’s stated objectives of safety, liquidity, and yield, staff continuously researches alternative investment opportunities to enhance the City’s investment portfolio. Staff explored various options to diversify the City’s investment portfolio, aiming for greater flexibility in managing future interest fluctuations.
Following this research, the City established an ICS account with its banking partner, CBC, in August 2023. This investment account aligns with the City’s commitment to prioritizing safety by mitigating credit risk and reinforcing safety through placing operational funds in short-term securities. The account also enhances the City’s liquidity, providing same-day liquidity to meet its short-term obligations and capitalizing on the current interest rates, safeguarding our long-term investments.
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 SECOND QUARTER TREASURER’S REPORT AND THE MONTHLY INVESTMENT TRANSACTION REPORT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 – FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025
As of December 31, 2024, the ICS account had an ending balance of $14,144,538, compared to $29,317,128 on September 30, 2024. The balance decreased by $15.0 million compared to the previous quarter. This decrease was primarily due to net transfers from the ICS account to the City’s operating bank account with CBC in October, November, and December to cover several significant payments, including $4.0 million for bonds (2021 Tax Allocation Refunding Bonds and 2018 Series A COPS), $3.5 million for the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s invoices, $1.5 million for the Calgon Carbon Corporation's Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) treatment system invoice, and $6.0 million for various Capital Improvement Project (CIP) invoices.
Monthly Investment Transaction Report
Per the City’s Investment Policy approved by the City Council on June 11, 2024, the City Treasurer submits a monthly investment transaction report to the City Council within 45 days of the end of the reporting period in accordance with California Government Code Section 53607.
The monthly investment transactions summary updates the City Council on the City’s monthly transactions of the City’s investment portfolio for the month ending December 31, 2024. The statements enclosed include transactions of the City’s investments with LAIF, Chandler, and Commercial Bank of California (Enclosures 2, 3, and 4).
Conclusion:
All investments are maintained in accordance with California Government Code Section 53601 and the City’s investment policy for FY 2024-25. The City Treasurer/Director of Administrative Services certifies that the funds are invested to provide sufficient cash flow for a period of six (6) months. Staff recommends receiving and filing the Treasurer’s Report for the quarter ending December 31, 2024, which represents balances and activities for the second quarter (October through December) of FY 2024-25 and the Treasurer’s Monthly Investment Transaction Report as of December 31, 2024.
Steve Carmona
SC:JG:YL:ep
Enclosures: 1) Treasurer’s Report for the Second Quarter Ending December 31, 2024. 2) LAIF Statement for the Month Ending December 31, 2024. 3) Chandler Asset Management Transaction Ledger for the Month Ending December 31, 2024.
4) Commercial Bank of California Insured Cash Sweep Statement for the Month Ending December 31, 2024.
CITY OF PICO RIVERA
TREASURER'S REPORT2ND QTR OCT 2024 - DEC 2024TYPE OF INVESTMENT Interest Rate Issuer Reporting Date Investment Income Ending Balance Source of Market ValuationCommercial Bank of California (CBC) Demand Deposits 0.05% CBC 12/31/2024 155 4,550,418 CBC StatementsCBC Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) Account 4.25% CBC 12/31/2024 227,383 14,144,538 CBC ICS Statement Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) 4.71% LAIF 12/31/2024 - 69,018,790 LAIF Statements Chandler Investments* 4.03% Chandler Investments 12/31/2024 336,930 33,708,014 Chandler Portfolio Summary TOTAL CASH & INVESTMENTS: Exclude Water Fund 550 TOTAL CASH & INVESTMENTS: 564,468 121,421,759 Revenue Bonds, 1999 Bond Fund Water Authority 122073-001 US Bank 12/31/2024 289 4,634 US Bank/RECON Statements Revenue Bonds, 1999 Bond Fund Water Authority 122073-002 US Bank 12/31/2024 1,253 64,075 US Bank/RECON Statements Revenue Bonds, 1999 Bond Fund Water Authority 122073-003 US Bank 12/31/2024 6,453 836,667 US Bank/RECON StatementsRevenue Bonds, 1999 Water Rate Stabilization 122073-011 US Bank 12/31/2024 6,702 600,000 US Bank/RECON StatementsRevenue Bonds, 2021 Tax Allocation Refunding Bonds 245558-001 US Bank 12/31/2024 49 49 US Bank/RECON Statements Revenue Bonds, 2021 Tax Allocation Refunding Bonds 245558-002 US Bank 12/31/2024 3,801 3,788 US Bank/RECON Statements TOTAL FISCAL AGENT (TRUSTEE) INVESTMENTS TOTAL (TRUSTEE) INVESTMENTS: 18,547 1,509,213 TOTAL CASH & TRUSTEE INVESTMENTS: 583,015 122,930,972
Dividends Ending Balance
2018 COPS 130877 Wilmington Trust 12/31/2024 59,978 5,280,195 Wilmington Trust Statement TOTAL 2018 COPS: 59,978 5,280,195
ENTERPRISE FUNDS Interest earned Ending Balance River City Bank (PRIME) River City Bank ICS Account 12/31/2024 172,536 16,676,732 River City Bank River City Bank (PRIME) River City Bank Operating Account 12/31/2024 - 2,221,302 River City Bank TOTAL RIVER CITY BANK: 172,536 18,898,034
Jane GuoDirector of Administrative Services and City Treasurer, City of Pico Rivera I certify that this investment portfolio is in conformity with the Investment Policy of the City of Pico Rivera. The investment Program provides sufficient liquidity to meet a minimum of the next six month's estimated expenditures. * Average Purchase Yield: The average yield on an investment or a portfolio is the sum of all interest, dividends, or other income that the investment generates, divided by the age of the investment or the length of time the investor has held it.
Enclosure 1
9a
Local Agency Investment Fund
P.O. Box 942809
Sacramento, CA 94209-0001
(916) 653-3001
January 06, 2025
LAIF Home
PMIA Average Monthly Yields
CITY OF PICO RIVERA
DIRECTOR OF FINANCE/ADMINISTRATIVE SVCS
6615 PASSONS BLVD
PICO RIVERA, CA 90660
Account Number: 98-19-653
December 2024 Statement
Tran Type Definitions
Effective
Date
Transaction
Date
Tran
Type Confirm
Number
Web
Confirm
Number Authorized Caller Amount
12/24/2024 12/20/2024 RD 1764705 1725253 JIE GUO 5,000,000.00 12/31/2024 12/30/2024 RD 1764868 1725416 JIE GUO 2,000,000.00 Account Summary
Total Deposit: 7,000,000.00 Beginning Balance: 51,309,449.85 Total Withdrawal: 0.00 Ending Balance: 58,309,449.85
1/6/25, 12:51 PM LAIF Regular Monthly Statement
https://laifms.treasurer.ca.gov/RegularStatement.aspx 1/1 Enclosure 2
9b
Local Agency Investment Fund
P.O. Box 942809
Sacramento, CA 94209-0001
(916) 653-3001
January 06, 2025
LAIF Home
PMIAAverage Monthly Yields
CITY OF PICO RIVERA
COVID RELIEF EMERGENCY ACCOUNT
DIR OF FINANCE/ADMIN SERVICES
6615 PASSONS BLVD
PICO RIVERA, CA 90660
Account Number: 19-19-007
December 2024 Statement
Tran Type Definitions
Account Summary
Total Deposit: 0.00 Beginning Balance: 10,709,339.73
Total Withdrawal: 0.00 Ending Balance: 10,709,339.73
1/6/25, 12:52 PM LAIF Regular Monthly Statement
https://laifms.treasurer.ca.gov/RegularStatement.aspx 1/1 Settlement
Date
Transaction
Category Transaction Type Security Description Quantity Price Principal Interest Total Amount 12/18/2024 Acquisitions Buy UNITED STATES TREASURY 4.125 11/30/2029 750,000.00 0.99465 745,986.33 1,529.87 747,516.20 12/31/2024 Acquisitions Buy FIRST AMER:GVT OBLG Y 813,831.92 1.00000 813,831.92 - 813,831.92 12/15/2024 Dispositions Maturity UNITED STATES TREASURY 1.0 12/15/2024 500,000.00 1.00000 500,000.00 - (500,000.00) 12/24/2024 Dispositions Sell FIRST AMER:GVT OBLG Y 750,434.43 1.00000 750,434.43 - (750,434.43) 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-054 A2 2.745 01/25/2026 - - - - 1,143.75 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-063 A2 3.43 01/25/2027 - - - - 928.96 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-069 A2 3.187 09/25/2027 - - - - 1,318.89 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-073 A2 3.35 01/25/2028 - - - - 1,312.08 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-081 A2 3.9 08/25/2028 - - - - 503.75 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-082 A2 3.92 09/25/2028 - - - - 620.67 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-083 A2 4.05 09/25/2028 - - - - 776.25 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-085 A2 4.06 10/25/2028 - - - - 930.42 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-090 A2 3.422 02/25/2029 - - - - 941.05 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FHMS K-746 A2 2.031 09/25/2028 - - - - 710.85 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Principal Paydown FHMS K-054 A2 2.745 01/25/2026 - - 12,220.27 - 12,220.27 12/1/2024 Other Transactions Principal Paydown FHMS K-069 A2 3.187 09/25/2027 - - 852.68 - 852.68 12/8/2024 Other Transactions Coupon FEDERAL FARM CREDIT BANKS FUNDING CORP 4.625 - - - - 4,625.00 12/10/2024 Other Transactions Management Fee Cash 2,657.20 - 2,657.20 - (2,657.20) 12/11/2024 Other Transactions Coupon TORONTO-DOMINION BANK 5.264 12/11/2026 - - - - 4,211.20 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon AMXCA 2022-2 A 3.39 05/17/2027 - - - - 678.00 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon AMXCA 2023-1 A 4.87 05/15/2026 - - - - 527.58 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon AMXCA 2023-3 A 5.23 09/15/2028 - - 0.01 - 1,503.6212/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon CHAIT 2023-1 A 5.16 09/15/2028 - - - - 1,483.50 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon HAROT 2022-1 A3 1.88 05/15/2026 - - - - 79.22 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon HART 2023-A A3 4.58 04/15/2027 - - - - 591.58 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon HART 2024-C A3 4.41 05/15/2029 - - 0.01 - 532.88 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon JDOT 2021-B A3 0.52 03/16/2026 - - - - 7.24 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon JDOT 2022 A3 0.36 09/15/2026 - - - - 70.75 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon JDOT 2022-B A3 3.74 02/16/2027 - - - - 232.54 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon JDOT 2022-C A3 5.09 06/15/2027 - - - - 747.54 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon JDOT 2023-C A3 5.48 05/15/2028 - - - - 1,438.50 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 5.546 12/15/2025 - - - - 4,020.85 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon MBALT 2024-B A3 4.23 02/15/2028 - - 0.01 - 475.88 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon MBART 2023-1 A3 4.51 11/15/2027 - - - - 343.32 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE - - - - 1,380.00 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon TAOT 2021-D A3 0.71 04/15/2026 - - - - 9.78 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Coupon TAOT 2024-A A3 4.83 10/16/2028 - - - - 684.25 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Principal Paydown HAROT 2022-1 A3 1.88 05/15/2026 - - 6,407.99 - 6,407.99 12/15/2024 Other Transactions Call Redemption JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 5.546 12/15/2025 145,000.00 - 145,000.00 - 145,000.0012/16/2024 Other Transactions Coupon GMCAR 2023-2 A3 4.47 02/16/2028 - - 0.01 - 428.38 12/16/2024 Other Transactions Coupon GMCAR 2024-4 A3 4.4 08/16/2029 - - - - 366.67 12/18/2024 Other Transactions Coupon HAROT 2022-2 A3 3.73 07/20/2026 - - 0.01 - 161.16 12/19/2024 Other Transactions Dividend FIRST AMER:GVT OBLG Y - - 432.01 - 3.92 12/20/2024 Other Transactions Coupon GMALT 2023-3 A3 5.38 11/20/2026 - - - - 336.25 12/20/2024 Other Transactions Coupon GMALT 2024-2 A3 5.39 07/20/2027 - - - - 539.00 12/21/2024 Other Transactions Coupon HAROT 2021-4 A3 0.88 01/21/2026 - - - - 12.78 City of Pico Rivera Portfolio
Chandler Investment Transactions
December 2024
Enclosure 3
9c
Settlement
Date
Transaction
Category Transaction Type Security Description Quantity Price Principal Interest Total Amount City of Pico Rivera Portfolio
Chandler Investment Transactions
December 2024
12/21/2024 Other Transactions Coupon HAROT 2023-1 A3 5.04 04/21/2027 - - - - 294.00 12/21/2024 Other Transactions Principal Paydown HAROT 2021-4 A3 0.88 01/21/2026 - - 3,310.30 - 3,310.30 12/24/2024 Other Transactions Custody Fee Cash 261.03 - 261.03 - (261.03) 12/25/2024 Other Transactions Coupon BMWLT 2023-1 A3 5.16 11/25/2025 - - - - 62.60 12/25/2024 Other Transactions Coupon BMWOT 2024-A A3 5.18 02/26/2029 - - - - 625.92 12/25/2024 Other Transactions Principal Paydown BMWLT 2023-1 A3 5.16 11/25/2025 - - 4,282.95 - 4,282.95 12/31/2024 Other Transactions Dividend FIRST AMER:GVT OBLG Y - - - - 652.46 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown HART 2023-A A3 4.58 04/15/2027 - - 9,510.10 - 9,510.10 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Coupon UNITED STATES TREASURY 1.0 12/15/2024 - - - - 2,500.00 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown JDOT 2021-B A3 0.52 03/16/2026 - - 2,777.70 - 2,777.70 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown JDOT 2022 A3 0.36 09/15/2026 - - 4,391.02 - 4,391.02 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown JDOT 2022-B A3 3.74 02/16/2027 - - 4,410.12 - 4,410.12 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Coupon UNITED STATES TREASURY 2.875 06/15/2025 - - - - 11,500.0012/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown JDOT 2022-C A3 5.09 06/15/2027 - - 8,550.14 - 8,550.14 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown MBART 2023-1 A3 4.51 11/15/2027 - - 5,783.53 - 5,783.53 12/15/2025 Other Transactions Coupon UNITED STATES TREASURY 4.125 06/15/2026 - - - - 10,312.5012/15/2025 Other Transactions Coupon UNITED STATES TREASURY 4.625 06/15/2027 - - - - 11,562.5012/15/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown TAOT 2021-D A3 0.71 04/15/2026 - - 3,038.96 - 3,038.96 12/18/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown HAROT 2022-2 A3 3.73 07/20/2026 - - 5,128.61 - 5,128.61 12/21/2025 Other Transactions Principal Paydown HAROT 2023-1 A3 5.04 04/21/2027 - - 3,475.64 - 3,475.64 12/31/2025 Other Transactions Coupon UNITED STATES TREASURY 3.875 12/31/2027 - - - - 11,625.0012/31/2025 Other Transactions Coupon UNITED STATES TREASURY 4.0 06/30/2028 - - - - 7,500.00 Changes of Market Values and Accrued Interests (586,769.00) Net Investment Transactions 31,679.51
Beginning Balance as of 11/30/2024 33,676,334.65
Ending Balance as of 12/31/2024 33,708,014.16
Contact Us
(714) 431-7000
Account
CITY OF PICO RIVERA
Date
12/31/2024
Page
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IntraFi Cash ServiceSM, or ICS®, Monthly Statement
The following information is a summary of activity in your account(s) for the month of December 2024 and the list of FDIC-insured institution(s) that hold your deposits as of the date indicated. These deposits have been placed by us, as your agent and custodian, in deposit accounts through IntraFi Cash Service. Funds in your deposit accounts at the FDIC-insured institutions at which your funds have been placed will be "deposits," as defined by federal law.Certain conditions must be satisfied for "pass-through" FDIC deposit insurance coverage to apply. To meet the conditions for pass-through FDIC deposit insurance, deposit accounts at FDIC-insured banks in IntraFi's network that hold deposits placed using an IntraFi service are titled, and deposit account records are maintained, in accordance with FDIC regulations for pass-through coverage.
Summary of Accounts
Account ID Deposit Option Interest Rate Opening Balance Ending Balance *********354 Savings 4.30% $17,293,091.44 $11,144,537.76 TOTAL $17,293,091.44 $11,144,537.76
CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IntraFi and ICS are registered service marks, and IntraFi Cash Service is a service mark, of IntraFi Network LLC.
Commercial Bank of California
19752 MacArthur Blvd.
Suite 100
Irvine, CA 92612
131036-31A
CITY OF PICO RIVERA
6615 PASSIONS BLVD
PICO RIVERA, CA 90660
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RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED
Enclosure 4
9d
DETAILED ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
Account ID: *********354
Account Title: CITY OF PICO RIVERA
Account Summary - Savings
Statement Period 12/1-12/31/2024 Average Daily Balance $13,836,867.78 Previous Period Ending Balance $17,293,091.44 Interest Rate at End of Statement Period 4.30% Total Program Deposits 9.03 Annual Percentage Yield Earned 4.47% Total Program Withdrawals (6,200,000.00) YTD Interest Paid 1,128,567.30 Interest Capitalized 51,437.29
Current Period Ending Balance $11,144,537.76
Account Transaction Detail
Date Activity Type Amount Balance
12/03/2024 Deposit $9.03 $17,293,100.47
12/05/2024 Withdrawal (1,200,000.00) 16,093,100.47
12/12/2024 Withdrawal (1,500,000.00) 14,593,100.47
12/19/2024 Withdrawal (2,800,000.00) 11,793,100.47
12/19/2024 Interest Capitalization 447.27 11,793,547.74 12/20/2024 Withdrawal (700,000.00) 11,093,547.74
12/31/2024 Interest Capitalization 50,990.02 11,144,537.76 Summary of Balances as of December 31, 2024
FDIC-Insured Institution City/State FDIC Cert No. Balance Amalgamated Bank New York, NY 622 $247,916.66
American National Bank Omaha, NE 19300 247,907.69
Ameris Bank Atlanta, GA 20504 0.07
Anderson Brothers Bank Mullins, SC 9923 0.07
Axos Bank San Diego, CA 35546 0.07
BOKF, National Association Tulsa, OK 4214 247,916.66
Banc of California Los Angeles, CA 24045 0.07
Bank of India New York, NY 33648 90.00
Bank of Marin Novato, CA 32779 0.07
BankNewport Newport, RI 18129 119.61
BankUnited Miami Lakes, FL 58979 537.33
Bankwell Bank New Canaan, CT 57368 0.02
Barclays Bank Delaware Wilmington, DE 57203 0.06
Bremer Bank, National Association South St. Paul, MN 12923 328.61 Brookline Bank Boston, MA 17798 247,916.66
Byline Bank Chicago, IL 20624 119.50
CASS COMMERCIAL BANK Des Peres, MO 1068 247,916.66
CNB Bank Clearfield, PA 13876 247,916.66
Capital Community Bank Provo, UT 33823 0.07
Capitol Bank Madison, WI 34074 537.43
Date
12/31/2024 Page
2 of 5
CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IntraFi and ICS are registered service marks, and IntraFi Cash Service is a service mark, of IntraFi Network LLC.
DETAILED ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
Account ID: *********354
Account Title: CITY OF PICO RIVERA
Summary of Balances as of December 31, 2024
FDIC-Insured Institution City/State FDIC Cert No. Balance Citizens Bank of Philadelphia, MS Philadelphia, MS 12204 0.03 City National Bank of Florida Miami, FL 20234 537.43
Coastal Carolina National Bank Myrtle Beach, SC 58864 161.53 Coastal Community Bank Everett, WA 34403 247,916.66
ConnectOne Bank Englewood Cliffs, NJ 57919 547.86
CrossFirst Bank Leawood, KS 58648 247,916.66
Customers Bank Malvern, PA 34444 247,916.66
Dime Community Bank Hauppauge, NY 6976 537.43
Dogwood State Bank Raleigh, NC 57095 247,916.66
EagleBank Silver Spring, MD 34742 226,461.87
East West Bank Pasadena, CA 31628 29.99
Eastern Bank Boston, MA 32773 298.62
Enterprise Bank & Trust Clayton, MO 27237 247,916.66
First Bank Hamilton, NJ 58481 0.07
First Century Bank Tazewell, TN 1700 247,916.66
First Foundation Bank Irvine, CA 58647 0.07
First Horizon Bank MEMPHIS, TN 4977 247,916.66
First National Bank Wichita Falls, TX 26543 0.07
First National Bank of Pennsylvania Greenville, PA 7888 247,916.66 First Resource Bank Exton, PA 57967 247,827.36
First United Bank and Trust Company Durant, OK 4239 60.12 First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company Raleigh, NC 11063 247,916.62 FirstBank Nashville, TN 8663 537.43
Five Star Bank Roseville, CA 35361 247,916.66
Flagstar Bank, N.A. Hicksville, NY 32541 247,916.66
Flushing Bank Uniondale, NY 58564 558.64
Franklin Bank & Trust Company Franklin, KY 17937 0.07
Fulton Bank, N.A. Lancaster, PA 7551 0.07
Glens Falls Natl Bank and Trust Co Glens Falls, NY 7074 0.07 Grand Savings Bank Grove, OK 32084 0.07
Great Plains State Bank Petersburg, NE 14058 0.07
Great Southern Bank Reeds Spring, MO 29546 557.90
Hancock Whitney Bank Gulfport, MS 12441 0.07
Hanover Community Bank Mineola, NY 58675 0.07
HarborOne Bank Brockton, MA 59070 247,916.66
HomeTrust Bank Asheville, NC 27677 0.07
Israel Discount Bank of New York New York City, NY 19977 247,916.66 Leader Bank, National Association Arlington, MA 57134 345.60 Legacy Bank & Trust Company Mountain Grove, MO 22319 247,916.66 Date
12/31/2024 Page
3 of 5
CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IntraFi and ICS are registered service marks, and IntraFi Cash Service is a service mark, of IntraFi Network LLC. %RzH X3K7s
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DETAILED ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
Account ID: *********354
Account Title: CITY OF PICO RIVERA
Summary of Balances as of December 31, 2024
FDIC-Insured Institution City/State FDIC Cert No. Balance Live Oak Banking Company Wilmington, NC 58665 0.07
Mascoma Bank Lebanon, NH 18013 0.07
Mercantile Bank Grand Rapids, MI 34598 0.02
Merchants Bank of Indiana Carmel, IN 8056 247,916.66
MidFirst Bank Oklahoma City, OK 4063 0.07
Mission Bank Bakersfield, CA 34805 537.43
NBT Bank, National Association Norwich, NY 7230 247,916.66 One Florida Bank Orlando, FL 58811 537.43
Opportunity Bank of Montana Helena, MT 30182 0.02
Origin Bank Ruston, LA 12614 328.58
Park National Bank Newark, OH 6653 247,916.66
Peoples Bank Marietta, OH 6544 247,916.66
Pinnacle Bank Nashville, TN 35583 247,916.66
Popular Bank New York, NY 34967 247,916.66
Raymond James Bank St. Petersburg, FL 33893 247,916.66
Republic Bank & Trust Company Louisville, KY 23627 247,888.81 RockPointBank, National Association Chattanooga, TN 59206 0.03 SMBC MANUBANK Los Angeles, CA 18618 247,916.66
Salem Five Cents Savings Bank Salem, MA 23296 247,916.66 Sandy Spring Bank Olney, MD 4865 0.07
Santa Cruz County Bank Watsonville, CA 57591 247,468.70 Seacoast National Bank Stuart, FL 131 0.07
Shore United Bank, N.A. Easton, MD 4832 247,916.66
South State Bank, N.A. Winter Haven, FL 33555 247,916.66 SouthPoint Bank Birmingham, AL 58088 0.07
Stearns Bank N.A. St. Cloud, MN 10988 247,916.66
Summit Bank Eugene, OR 57706 247,916.66
Susser Bank Arlington, TX 34885 0.02
Synovus Bank Columbus, GA 873 507.44
TBK Bank, SSB Dallas, TX 23498 0.07
Texas Bank and Trust Company Longview, TX 17842 0.07
Texas National Bank of Jacksonville Jacksonville, TX 26181 0.06 The American National Bank of Texas Terrell, TX 23474 0.07 The Bank of Tampa Tampa, FL 21031 0.02
The First National Bank of Hereford Hereford, TX 34918 527.67 The Huntington National Bank Columbus, OH 6560 247,916.66 The Park Bank Madison, WI 19608 0.07
Third Coast Bank Humble, TX 58716 537.43
Three Rivers Bank of Montana Kalispell, MT 21557 119.61 Date
12/31/2024 Page
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CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IntraFi and ICS are registered service marks, and IntraFi Cash Service is a service mark, of IntraFi Network LLC.
DETAILED ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
Account ID: *********354
Account Title: CITY OF PICO RIVERA
Summary of Balances as of December 31, 2024
FDIC-Insured Institution City/State FDIC Cert No. Balance TowneBank Portsmouth, VA 35095 247,916.66
Truist Bank Charlotte, NC 9846 567.22
U.S. Bank National Association Cincinnati, OH 6548 29.99 Union Bank & Trust Lincoln, NE 13421 59.75
United Bank Fairfax, VA 22858 247,916.66
United Community Bank Greenville, SC 16889 0.07
Univest Bank and Trust Co. Souderton, PA 7759 0.07
Valley National Bank Morristown, NJ 9396 268.81
VeraBank Henderson, TX 3250 247,916.66
Veritex Community Bank Dallas, TX 57665 328.50
WebBank Salt Lake City, UT 34404 59.75
West Bank West Des Moines, IA 15614 247,916.66
WestStar Bank El Paso, TX 32941 0.07
Western Alliance Bank Phoenix, AZ 57512 247,916.66
Winter Park National Bank Winter Park, FL 59105 247,916.64 Zions Bancorporation, N. A. Salt Lake City, UT 2270 247,916.63 Date
12/31/2024 Page
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CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IntraFi and ICS are registered service marks, and IntraFi Cash Service is a service mark, of IntraFi Network LLC. %RzL X3K7s
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To: Mayor and City Council
From: City Manager
Meeting Date: January 28, 2025
Subject: BUDGET CALENDAR – BIENNIAL BUDGET FISCAL YEAR
2025-26 AND FISCAL YEAR 2026-27
Recommendation:
1. Receive and file the fiscal year (FY) 2025-26 and FY 2026-27 Budget Development Calendar.
Fiscal Impact:
There is no fiscal impact to the General Fund associated with this recommendation.
Discussion:
The City of Pico Rivera (City) operates under a biennial budget cycle, which promotes long-term fiscal planning and operational efficiency. Preparing the biennial budget ensures the alignment of resources with the City Council’s strategic priorities and goals, which provide transparency and accountability to the public.
The proposed budget calendar outlines key milestones and deadlines for the development, review, and adoption of the budget. Adhering to the timeline will ensure compliance with the City Municipal Code provision:
2.04.090 Legislative and executive action - As chief administrative officer and advisor of the City Council, the City Manager shall at all times advise the City Council as to all legislative, executive, and administrative duties and responsibilities of the City Council and shall recommend to the City Council such measures, ordinances, or procedures as he or she shall deem necessary or expedient to carry out the purposes of the municipal government. In this regard, the City Manager shall:
A. Prepare and submit the biennial budget to the City Council and administer it after adoption.
The proposed budget calendar highlights key activities and milestones for the City Council discussion of financial information related to the 2025-26 fiscal year within the 10 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 BUDGET CALENDAR – BIENNIAL BUDGET FISCAL YEAR 2025-26 AND FISCAL YEAR 2026-27
2025-27 biennial budgets. Documentation of a budget calendar assists the departments in preparing for the next two-year Operating and Capital Improvement Project (CIP) budget processes. The detailed Budget Calendar (Enclosure 1) has been included and describes the process, purpose, and date for FY 2025-26 and FY 2026-27 budget development.
The City has proposed the following public budget meetings:
• February 25, 2025, to discuss FY 2024-25 Mid-Year Budget Report • April 8, 2025, to discuss FY 2025-26 User Fee Schedule Update • May 13, 2025, to present the FY 2024-25 Third Quarter Budget Review • May 13, 2025, to discuss the Five-Year Capital Improvement Program • May 27, 2025, present the Preliminary (Proposed) FY 2025-27 Biennial Budget and the 2nd Five-Year Capital Improvement Program (if needed) • June 10, 2025, present the Final Budget Adoption for the FY 2025-26 & FY 2026- 27 and the Five-Year Capital Improvement Program
Key benefits of the proposed timeline include:
• Ensures sufficient time for comprehensive analysis and deliberation • Facilitates meaningful public participation
• Provides timely financial planning and resource allocation Conclusion:
Staff recommends that the City Council approve the enclosed Budget Preparation Calendar and Proposed Budget Modification Process for the two-year budget, FY 2025-
27. Approving the Budget Calendar for FY 2025-26 of the 2025-27 Biennial Budgets identifies the public meetings and opportunities for residents to actively engage in the budget development process. These opportunities enhance transparency and promote open government participation. All City Council dates are designed to correlate with regularly scheduled Council meetings and will be advertised to the public through the City’s website. In addition, the budget calendar will be published on the City’s website.
Steve Carmona
SC:JG:DS:ep
Enclosure: 1) Budget Preparation Calendar and Proposed Budget Modification Process, FY 2025-26 and FY 2026-27 Budget
Adjustments to the Adopted Budget
City of Pico Rivera
Budget Preparation Calendar and
Proposed Budget Modification Process
FY 2025-26 Budget (Year One)
JANUARY FEBRUARY
FY 2023-24 Annual Comprehensive Financial
Report (ACFR) presented to City Council
Finalize FY 2024-25 Mid-Year budget projections for City Council presentation
Mid-year review of FY 2024-25 revenue and expenditures
presented to City Council
FY 2025-27 Biennial Budget Calendar presented to
City Council
Distribute FY 2025-27 Budget Guidelines with fiscal
direction to Departments for review / update
Prepare FY 2024-25 mid-year budget report and
agenda report for City Council meeting
During the fiscal year, certain situations arise that may cause changes in a Department's spending priority that necessitates appropriations be moved to a different Division or Object Code. The Budget Adoption Resolution -- included in the adopted budget book in the Appendix Section -- outlines the specific process for making budget adjustments. Department Directors are authorized to move appropriations within each program/division and within the same fund for their respective departments, so long as appropriations are not being increased. The City Manager may transfer operating budget appropriations within the same fund between departments, so long as total appropriations are not being increased. Any changes to total appropriations and any changes to Capital Improvement Program appropriations must be approved by a majority of the City Council.
FY 2024-25 Third-Quarter Review presented to
City Council
Final review of proposed budget
MAY JUNE
Final Department review of proposed budget
Public Hearing: FY 2025-27 Biennial Preliminary
Budget (Proposed) Budget Study Session
Five-Year Capital Improvement Program Study
Session with City Council
Update Preliminary Budget based on Study
Session feedback
Landscape and Lighting Assessment District No. 1
and Paramount Mines Assessment District -
Annual Renewal Consideration presented to City
Council
Five-Year Forecast Update to City Council
Public Hearing: Landscaping and Lighting Assessment
District No. 1 and Paramount Mines Assessment District
Review of Five-Year Capital Improvement Program
budgets and projects with City Manager
LLD No. 1 and Paramount Mines FY 2025-26 Kickoff Meeting Department M&O justifications due / initial review
of budget requests
Departments to review FY 2025-26 User Fee Schedule
MARCH APRIL
Administrative Services to review Department
submittals of Budget Revisions
Budget Development Based on Council Priorities Public Hearing: FY 2025-26 User Fee Schedule Update presented to City Council
City Manager meetings with Departments (budget request
reviews)
Two-Year Budget and Five-Year Capital Improvement
Program presented to City Council for review and
adoption
Enclosure 1
10a
Adjustments to the Adopted Budget
FY 2024-25 Annual Comprehensive Financial
Report (ACFR) presented to City Council
Finalize FY 2025-26 Mid-Year budget projections for City Council presentation
MARCH APRIL
Year Two Review of FY 2026-27 Biennial Budget
adjustments
FY 2026-27 User Fee Schedule Update presented to City
Council
LLD No. 1 and Paramount Mines FY 2026-27 Kickoff Meeting City of Pico Rivera
Budget Preparation Calendar and
Proposed Budget Modification Process
FY 2026-27 Budget (Year Two)
JANUARY FEBRUARY
Prepare FY 2025-26 mid-year budget report and
agenda report for City Council meeting
Administrative Services to review Department submittals of Budget Revisions for Year Two
FY 2025-26 Mid-year review of revenue and expenditures
presented to City Council
Year Two Review of Five-Year Capital
Improvement Program budgets and projects
Distribute FY 2026-27 Budget Guidelines to
Departments for review / update
Final Department review of Year Two Budget
Landscape and Lighting Assessment District No. 1
and Paramount Mines Assessment District - Annual
Renewal Consideration presented to City Council
FY 2026-27 Biennial Budget Calendar presented to
City Council
Departments to review FY 2026-27 User Fee Schedule
During the fiscal year, certain situations arise that may cause changes in a Department's spending priority that necessitates appropriations be moved to a different Division or Object Code. The Budget Adoption Resolution -- included in the adopted budget book in the Appendix Section -- outlines the specific process for making budget adjustments. Department Directors are authorized to move appropriations within each program/division and within the same fund for their respective departments, so long as appropriations are not being increased. The City Manager may transfer operating budget appropriations within the same fund between departments, so long as total appropriations are not being increased. Any changes to total appropriations and any changes to Capital Improvement Program appropriations must be approved by a majority of the City Council.
MAY JUNE
Public Hearing: Year Two FY 2026-27 Biennial
Budget and Five-Year Capital Improvement
Program presented to City Council for review and
adoption
Year Two - FY 2026-27 Biennial Budget and Five-Year
Capital Improvement Program presented to City Council
for review and adoption
FY 2025-26 Third-Quarter Review presented to City
Council
Public Hearing: Landscaping and Lighting Assessment
District No. 1 and Paramount Mines Assessment District
presented to City Council for approval
Five-Year Forecast Update to City Council
A Regular Meeting of the Water Authority was held in the Council Chamber, 6615 Passons Boulevard, Pico Rivera, California.
Meeting was jointly held with the City Council, Water Authority and Successor Agency to the Dissolved Redevelopment Agency. Items appear as listed on the combined agenda for the meeting of December 10, 2024.
Authority President Lara called the meeting to order at 6:04 p.m.
PRESENT: Camacho, Garcia, Lutz, Sanchez, Lara
ABSENT: None
PUBLIC COMMENTS: None
CONSENT CALENDAR ITEMS:
Water Authority:
12. Minutes:
• Received and filed the Water Authority regular meeting of October 8, 2024
13. Water Main Replacement Project, CIP No. 50098 - Award Construction Contract. (500)
1. Awarded a Construction Contract, in a form approved by the City Attorney, for a not-to-exceed amount of $5,529,300 to Dominguez General Engineering, Inc. for the Water Main Replacement Project - CIP No. 50098 (Project);
2. Approved the plans and specifications for the Project;
3. Authorized the Executive Director or his designee to process change orders, as needed, in an amount not-to-exceed $1,110,000 (approximately 20% of the total contract amount) for construction contingency;
4. Amended the fiscal year 2024-25 Adopted Budget by transferring funding in the amount of $850,000 in Water Authority Funds (Fund 550) from Account No. 550.70.7340-54500-CIP50078 Water Main Replacement (Design) to Account No. 550.70.7340.54500-CIP50098, Water Main Replacement (Construction); and
5. Approved the Notice of Exemption for the subject project and authorized the Authority Secretary to file the Notice of Exemption with the County Recorder, in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act.
Agreement No. 24-79
Motion by Vice President Garcia, seconded by Commissioner Lutz to approve Consent Calendar Item Nos. 12 and 13. Motion carries by the following roll call vote:
Tuesday, December 10, 2024
11 12-10-24 Water Minutes
AYES: Camacho, Garcia, Lutz, Sanchez, Lara
NOES: None
CONSENT CALENDAR ITEMS PULLED FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION: None REGULAR AGENDA: None
ADJOURNMENT:
President Garcia adjourned the Water Authority meeting at 7:12 p.m. in memory of Ruth Gutierrez, 50-year resident of Pico Rivera. There being no objection, it was so ordered.
AYES: Camacho, Lara, Lutz, Sanchez, Garcia
NOES: None
________________________________
John R. Garcia, President
ATTEST:
________________________________
Cynthia Ayala, CMC, Authority Secretary
I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct report of the proceedings of the Water Authority regular meeting dated December 10, 2024, and approved by the Water Authority on January 28, 2025.
_______________________________
Cynthia Ayala, CMC, Authority Secretary
To: President and Commissioners
From: Executive Director
Meeting Date: January 28, 2025
Subject: AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
AGREEMENT 21-51 FOR PFAS TREATMENT SYSTEM
PROJECT (CIP NO. 50042) VESSEL STORAGE
Recommendation:
1. Approve Amendment No. 5 to Professional Services Agreement No. 21-51 with Aqueous Vets for an additional amount not-to-exceed $10,800, to pay for an additional 18 months of continued storage of three (3) of the vessel systems and associated components at the Aqueous Vets facilities;
2. Amend fiscal year (FY) 2024-25 Pico Rivera Water Authority budget by appropriating $10,800 from the Water Authority Fund Balance to CIP No. 50042, Account No. 550.70.7340.54500-CIP.50042; and
3. Authorize the Executive Director to execute amendment t in a form approved by the General Counsel.
Fiscal Impact:
The FY 2024-25 Water Authority budget requires a budget amendment in the amount of $10,800 in Account No. 550.70.7340.54500-CIP.50042 to pay for continued storage of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) vessels and equipment for Water Plant No.
3. No General Fund appropriations are requested.
Background:
On May 23, 2019, the Pico Rivera Water Authority (PRWA) was required to monitor perfluorooctanioic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctaniesulfonic acid (PFOS), two (2) compounds within the PFAS family of chemicals, by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the Division of Drinking Water (DDW). The results showed that the levels for PFOA and PFOS exceeded the notification levels. PRWA has continued to comply with SWRCB and DDW regulations including consumer notification of water 12 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT 21-51 FOR PFAS TREATMENT SYSTEM PROJECT (CIP NO. 50042) VESSEL STORAGE
quality in the Annual Consumer Confidence Report and the required monitoring of each well.
Discussion:
Water Master Plan Prioritization
The 2020 Water Master Plan identified water quality as the highest priority and noted the necessity of PFAS treatment for all eight (8) active wells supplying water. The Project includes constructing PFAS treatment systems at PRWA Plant Nos. 1, 2, and 3, as well as Water Well No. 5.
To maximize potential grant funding opportunities, the Project has been divided into two phases:
• Phase 1: Treatment at Plant Nos. 1 and 2 and Well No. 5, now substantially complete and in operation.
• Phase 2: Treatment at Plant No. 3, allowing time to apply for and secure an Environmental Protection Agency Community Grant.
Aqueous Vets Agreement
Ten systems were purchased from Aqueous Vets, comprising 20 vessels and three (3) prefilters. To address the long fabrication lead times and meet regulatory deadlines, this equipment was procured in advance, prior to dividing the project into two phases.
Currently, three (3) systems and one (1) prefilter are being stored for use in Phase 2. The total procurement and storage costs amount to approximately $1,229,000. For comparison, purchasing the vessels and filter at today's prices would cost approximately $1,510,000. As a result, procuring the equipment ahead of construction saved the City approximately $281,000, and a lead time of six (6) to twelve months for fabrication.
The following is a summary of the agreement and amendments:
• On March 26, 2021, PRWA Commissioners authorized the pre-purchase of PFAS equipment vessel systems ahead of construction to address long lead times.
Professional Services Agreement No. 21-51 was executed with Aqueous Vets for the purchase of 10 systems, installation, and maintenance services for a total notto-exceed $3,513,179. • On June 8, 2021, Amendment No. 1 to the agreement added $559,962 for the prepurchase of PFAS pre-filter housing bracing and materials, addressing market lead times.
• On August 10, 2021, Amendment No. 2 added $28,004 to cover increased steel prices for cartridge filter skids at Plants Nos. 1, 2, and 3, and Well No. 5.
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT 21-51 FOR PFAS TREATMENT SYSTEM PROJECT (CIP NO. 50042) VESSEL STORAGE
• On November 9, 2021, Amendment No. 3 added $14,400 for storage of three (3) vessel systems and components through April 30, 2024. Vendor-provided storage was selected over City Yard storage due to space, security, and environmental concerns. Aqueous Vets also provided 120 days of free storage beginning January 1, 2022.
• On July 10, 2024, Amendment No. 4 was executed, extending the agreement expiration date to November 30, 2025. No additional costs were associated with this Amendment.
Amendment No. 5
Amendment No. 5 adds $10,800 for continued storage of three vessel systems and components for an additional 18 months, until the construction of Phase 2 begins. The total contract value, including this amendment and prior amendments, will amount to $4,126,344.
Conclusion:
Staff recommends approval of Amendment No. 5 to Professional Services Agreement No. 21-51 with Aqueous Vets for an additional amount not-to-exceed $10,800, to pay for 18 months of continued storage for three vessel systems and associated components at the Aqueous Vets facilities.
Steve Carmona
SC:NN:GE:np
Enclosure: 1) Amendment No. 5
AMENDMENT NO. 5
TO AGREEMENT NO. 21-51
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE PICO RIVERA WATER AUTHORITY
AND AQUEOUS VETS
THIS AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO AGREEMENT NO. 21-51, PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PICO RIVERA WATER AUTHORITY AND AQUEOUS VETS (“Amendment No. 5"), effective as of the date specified in paragraph 8 hereof, is made and entered into by and between the PICO RIVERA WATER AUTHORITY (“PRWA”), and AQUEOUS VETS, (“CONSULTANT”). PRWA and CONSULTANT are sometimes hereinafter individually referred to as “PARTY” and collectively referred to as “PARTIES.”
RECITALS
A. PRWA and CONSULTANT have previously executed that certain Agreement No. 21-51, Professional Services Agreement, dated March 23, 2021, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement No. 21-51 dated June 8, 2021, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement No. 21-51 dated August 10, 2021, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement No. 21-51 dated December 16, 2021, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement No. 21-51 dated July 10, 2024, (collectively “Agreement).
B. The PARTIES desire to amend said Agreement as set forth herein, pursuant to Sections 4 and 5 of the Agreement for the purpose of storing three (3) of the vessel systems and associated components at the Aqueous Vets facilities for an additional period not to exceed eighteen months.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS:
1. RECITALS
The above recitals are true and correct and are hereby incorporated as part of Amendment No. 5.
2. MODIFICATION OF TERM:
The Expiration Date in Section 3.4 is hereby amended as follows:
3.4 “Expiration Date”: __March 31, 2026____________
3. MODIFICATION OF CONSULTANT’S SERVICES:
Section 5.1. Consultant’s Services is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:
Enclosure 1
12a
Amendment No. 5 to Professional Services Agreement No. 21-51
AQUEOUS VETS
5.1 Consultant shall perform the services identified in the Scope of Services.
PRWA shall have the right to request, in writing, changes in the Scope of Services.
Any such changes mutually agreed upon by the Parties, and any corresponding increase or decrease in compensation, shall be incorporated by written amendment to this Agreement. In no event shall the total compensation and costs payable to Consultant under this Agreement exceed the sum of Four Million One Hundred Twenty-Six Thousand Three Hundred Forty-Four Dollars and SeventyFour Cents ($4,126,344.74) unless specifically approved in advance, in writing, by PRWA.
4. MODIFICATION TO THE SCOPE OF SERVICES
The Scope of Services to be performed by CONSULTANT, as set forth in Exhibit A of the said Agreement, Exhibit A-1 of Amendment No. 1, Exhibit A-2 of Amendment No. 2 and Exhibit A-3 of Amendment No. 3, shall be further supplemented by reference as Exhibit A-5 to this Amendment No. 5.
5. MODIFICATION OF CONSULTANT’S COMPENSATION.
The compensation to be paid by PRWA to CONSULTANT for the modified work shall be in accordance with Exhibit A-5 to this Amendment No. 5.
6. EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS.
Except as modified herein, either expressly or by necessary implication, the terms and provisions of the Agreement between the PRWA and CONSULTANT shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the terms of this Amendment No. 5 and the Agreement, the terms of this Amendment No. 5 shall control to the extent of such conflict.
7. COUNTERPARTS
This Amendment No. 5 may be executed in counterparts all of which shall constitute but one (1) original, and the same Agreement.
8. EFFECTIVE DATE.
Unless otherwise specified herein, this Amendment No. 5 shall become effective as of the date set forth below on which the last of the parties, whether PRWA or CONSULTANT, executes this Amendment No. 5.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment No. 5 to be Amendment No. 5 to Professional Services Agreement No. 21-51
AQUEOUS VETS
executed and attested by their respective officers hereunto duly authorized. “PRWA” “CONSULTANT”
PICO RIVERA WATER AUTHORITY AQUEOUS VETS
______________________________ _________________________________ Steve Carmona, Executive Director Robert Craw, President & CEO Dated: ________________________ Dated: ____________________________ ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FORM:
___________________________ _________________________________ Cynthia Ayala, Authority Secretary Arnold M. Alvarez-Glasman, General Counsel
EXHIBIT A-5
To: Mayor and City Council
From: City Manager
Meeting Date: January 28, 2025
Subject: FIRST READING – AN ORDINANCE CLARIFYING
NUMERICAL CHAPTER AND SECTION HEADINGS IN
TITLE 9, PUBLIC PEACE, MORALS AND WELFARE OF
THE PICO RIVERA MUNICIPAL CODE
Recommendation:
1. Introduce and waive first reading of an ordinance clarifying that Chapter 9.52, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property shall be amended to Chapter 9.54, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property.
Fiscal Impact:
There is no fiscal impact to the General Fund associated with this report.
Background/ Discussion:
On July 9, 2024, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 1185 adding Chapter 9.52, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property. However, Chapter 9.52 was already assigned to the chapter titled Social Host Liability. The proposed ordinance would correct the erroneous numbering and assign Chapter 9.54 to Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property. The corresponding section headings would also be amended to reflect the new chapter number.
Environmental Analysis:
The ordinance is not subject to the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") pursuant to CEQA guidelines Section 15061(b)(3) and CEQA Guidelines section 15060(c)(2), (3) because the activity is covered by the general rule that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment and it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the ordinance may have a significant effect on the environment and because the ordinance does not qualify as a "project" under CEQA and because the ordinance will not result in 13 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 FIRST READING – AN ORDINANCE CLARIFYING NUMERICAL CHAPTER AND SECTION HEADINGS IN TITLE 9, PUBLIC PEACE, MORALS AND WELFARE OF
THE PICO RIVERA MUNICIPAL CODE
a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment. Section 15378 of the State CEQA Guidelines defines a project as the whole of an action, which could potentially result in either a direct physical change, or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change, in the environment. The ordinance will not have any effect that would physically change the environment. The ordinance therefore does not qualify as a project subject to CEQA.
Conclusion:
Staff recommends that the City Council introduce and waive first reading of an ordinance clarifying that Chapter 9.52, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property shall be amended to Chapter 9.54, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property.
Steve Carmona
SC:AB:EF:ca
Enclosure: 1) Ordinance
ORDINANCE NO. ____
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PICO RIVERA,
CALIFORNIA, CLARIFYING NUMERICAL CHAPTER AND SECTION
HEADINGS IN TITLE 9, PUBLIC PEACE, MORALS AND WELFARE OF
THE PICO RIVERA MUNICIPAL CODE
WHEREAS, on July 9, 2024 the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 1185 adding Chapter 9.52, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property of the Pico Rivera Municipal Code; and
WHEREAS, staff identified that Chapter 9.52 was already assigned to the chapter titled Social Host Liability; and
WHEREAS, this ordinance would correct the erroneous chapter and section numbering and assign Chapter 9.54 to Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Pico Rivera desires to amend the Pico Rivera Municipal Code as set forth herein.
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the City Council of the City of Pico Rivera as follows:
SECTION 1. The City Council finds that the above recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein as part of the findings.
SECTION 2. The City Council hereby finds and determines that this Ordinance is not subject to the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") pursuant to CEQA guidelines Section 15061(b)(3) and CEQA Guidelines section 15060(c)(2), (3) because the activity is covered by the general rule that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment and it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the Ordinance may have a significant effect on the environment and because CEQA Guidelines section 15378 defines a project as the whole of an action, which could potentially result in either a direct physical change, or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change, in the environment. The Ordinance will not have any effect that would physically change the environment.
SECTION 3. Amend numerical chapter and section heading of Chapter 9.52, Prohibition Against Certain Conduct on Public Property, of Title 9 Public Peace, Morals and Welfare to read as follows:
CHAPTER 9.52 9.54 PROHIBITION AGAINST CERTAIN CONDUCT ON PUBLIC
PROPERTY
9.52 54.010 Purpose
9.52 54.020 Definitions
ENCLOSURE 1
13a
ORDINANCE NO. ____
9.52 54.030 Free passage shall not be hindered or obstructed.
9.52 54.040 Public Urination and defecation prohibited.
9.52 54.050 Use of vehicles for human habitation restricted on city streets and public property.
9.52 54.060 Limitation on applicability.
9.52 54.070 Enforcement
9.52 54.010 Purpose
A. The courts and the State Legislature have expressly recognized the power of a city to regulate conduct on streets, sidewalks, or other public places, and has specifically authorized local ordinances governing the use of municipal parks and public property. Recent court decisions have prohibited state and local governments from imposing criminal penalties on homeless persons camping on public property, but the courts have explicitly upheld the authority of state and local governments to enact and enforce ordinances that maintain and protect public safety and public health.
B. In accordance with these court decisions, this Chapter prohibits certain conduct on public property which will adversely affect public health and public safety, including a prohibition on hindering or obstructing the free passage of other individuals, performing bodily functions, including urination and defecation, storing and accumulating trash, debris or personal property, and inhabiting vehicles in parked certain restricted areas. This conduct has resulted in significant adverse health and safety issues for the people in Pico Rivera.
C. The public areas within the city, including streets, sidewalks, parks, public buildings and public land, should be readily accessible and available to residents and the public at large for use in a safe and healthy manner. The use of these areas in a manner that hinders or obstructs the free passage of pedestrians, exercise of bodily functions, habitation in vehicles interferes with the ability of residents and the public at large to use the areas in the healthy and safe manner for the uses intended. Such activity and their attendant negative effects constitute a significant public health and safety hazard, which adversely impacts other members of the public and neighborhoods, as well as industrial, and commercial areas. The city's streets, sidewalks, parking lots, parks and other public areas are intended for free passage use without health and safety problems. Detrimental impacts from activity that hinders or obstructs the free passage of pedestrians, exercise of bodily functions, habitation in vehicles include lack of proper water and sanitary facilities, safety hazards for pedestrians and the inhabitants of vehicles, presence of trash and debris, criminal activities including illegal drug use, and other conditions which are inconsistent with the intended use and enjoyment of these areas by the general public, and constitutes a public health and safety hazard. A purpose of this chapter is to maintain public and private lands, streets, sidewalks, alleys, ways, waterways, parks, playgrounds, recreation areas, plazas, open spaces, lots, parcels and other public and private areas within the city, in a clean, sanitary and accessible condition. Nothing in this chapter is intended to interfere with otherwise lawful and ordinary uses of public areas.
ORDINANCE NO. ____
9.52 54.020 Definitions
A. “Business establishments” means retail stores, food markets, theaters, restaurants, drive-in restaurants, gasoline service stations, bars, hotels, motels, or any other establishment which is open to and provides the public with any goods or services.
B. “Public property” means any real or personal property owned or controlled by the city and includes, but is not limited to, any publicly-owned park, building, street, sidewalk, way, path, alley, parking lot or other public property owned or controlled by the city and located within the City of Pico Rivera and such other publicly owned property for which the city is authorized by contract or permit to maintain.
C. “Street” means all streets, avenues, highways, lanes, alleys, ways, crossings or intersections, co-routes and cui-de-sacs and city rights of way adjacent thereto.
9.52 54.030 Free passage shall not be hindered or obstructed.
A. No person or persons shall stand, sit, linger, idle, or lie on any street, alley, sidewalk, park, public facility or other public place, or in or about the entrance or exit of any business establishment or public building, either on foot or in an automobile or other vehicle, in such a manner as to obstruct or hinder the free passage of persons along such public way, including obstructing the public right of way in a manner that restricts passage as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act, or obstruct or hinder persons entering and exiting from any business establishment or public building, or in such a manner as to create a health or safety hazard for the community or for the patrons of such public place.
B. No person in violation of this prohibition shall refuse or fail to disperse or move on when directed to do so by a police officer or city employee.
9.52 54.040 Public Urination and defecation prohibited.
No person shall urinate or defecate on any public street, roadway, boulevard, alley, parking lot, sidewalk, or any other property owned, controlled and/or operated by the city, county or any public agency, or on private property in any area exposed to the public view, except when using a urinal, toilet, or commode located in a bathroom, restroom, or other structure specifically designated for the purpose of urination and defecation.
9.52 54.050 Use of vehicles for human habitation restricted on city streets and public property.
A. It is unlawful for any person to use a vehicle for human habitation on any street or public property, unless such use of authorized the Pico Rivera Municipal Code, including Section 10.42, Living In Motor Homes or Other Recreational Vehicles, as follows:
1. Between the hours of 9 :00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. in residential and commercial zones; and
2. Between the hours of 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. within 500 feet of a residence, meaning a building used for living, including a house, condominium, ORDINANCE NO. ____
apartment unit, or other similar dwelling unit affixed to real property, located in any zone; and
3. At any time, within 500 feet of a park or a public or private licensed school for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade, pre-school, youth center, or daycare facility. School for purposes of this section does not include a vocational or professional institution of higher education.
B. For purposes of this section, evidence of human habitation may include observations, considering all the circumstances, that a person is using a vehicle for: sleeping; bathing; preparing or cooking meals; possessing or storing items that are not associated with ordinary vehicle use, such as a sleeping bag, bedroll, blanket, sheet, pillow, used bedding, kitchen utensils, cookware, cooking equipment, camping gear, food, water, personal grooming items, or containers of feces or urine. Evidence of human habitation also may include observations, considering all the circumstances, that: a person has obscured some or all of the vehicle's windows; there is litter, rubbish, or waste in or around the vehicle; there is furniture set up in or around the vehicle, such as chairs, tables, umbrellas, or portable cooking equipment; or there is evidence of human urination or defecation around the vehicle.
C. A person who is not in compliance with this Section shall have the opportunity to move the vehicle in violation of this Section to a location outside of the areas described in Subsection A within a reasonable time not exceeding thirty (30) minutes from the time when directed to do so by a police officer or city employee.
9.52 54.060 Limitation on applicability.
This chapter is not intended to violate and shall not be applied or enforced in a manner that violates the United States or California Constitutions and applicable state or federal statutes, and shall be construed and applied in accordance with such laws.
9.52 54.070 Enforcement
A. Nothing herein precludes the enforcement of any other laws such as parking restrictions, including, but not limited to, prohibitions on overnight parking, storage of vehicles, littering, and illegal discharge or dumping of materials.
B. Nothing in this chapter shall limit or preclude the enforcement of any other applicable laws or civil remedies or nuisance abatement remedies available for violations of this chapter.
SECTION 4. If any section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase of this article, or any part thereof, is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid or ineffective by any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity or effectiveness of the remaining portions of this article or any part thereof. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed each section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase of this article irrespective of the fact that one or more sections, subsections, subdivisions, paragraphs, sentences, clauses or phrases be declared ORDINANCE NO. ____
unconstitutional or invalid or ineffective. To this end, the provisions of this article are declared to be severable.
SECTION 5. The City Clerk shall certify the passage and adoption of this ordinance.
The City Council hereby finds and determines that there are no newspapers of general circulation both published and circulated within the City and, in compliance with Section 36933 of the Government Code directs the City Clerk to cause said ordinance, within fifteen (15) days after its passage, to be posted in at least five (5) public places within the City. This ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after its adoption.
ADOPTED AND PASSED this 28th day of January 2025.
John R. Garcia, Mayor
ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Cynthia Ayala, City Clerk Arnold M. Alvarez-Glasman, City Attorney
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
) §
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES )
I, Cynthia Ayala, City Clerk of the City of Pico Rivera, do hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance No. ____ was adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Pico Rivera, held on __________________, with the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
________________________________
Cynthia Ayala, CMC, City Clerk
To: Mayor and City Council
From: City Manager
Meeting Date: January 28, 2025
Subject: ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NON-CIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE
DECLARATION
Recommendation:
1. Approve a resolution adopting the Pico Rivera Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP), and Negative Declaration in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Fiscal Impact:
There is no fiscal impact to the General Fund, as the plan is fully funded. However, in the future, separate CAAP implementation measures may request funding and/or permission to apply for grant funding to support their completion.
Background:
Over the past 18 months, the City of Pico Rivera (City) has undertaken an extensive program development and outreach process to create Pico Rivera’s first CAAP. Once adopted, Pico Rivera will become only the third city among the 27 cities in the Gateway Cities Region to establish a CAAP, demonstrating the City’s leadership and commitment to sustainability and climate resilience.
This report provides a summary of the development of the measures to be included in the CAAP, a summary of public outreach and City staff recommendations, and an identified pathway for implementation.
Geographic Context and Climate-Related Health Impacts in Pico Rivera The City of Pico Rivera faces significant environmental challenges due to its location and regional infrastructure. Bordered by the San Gabriel and Rio Hondo Rivers, the City is prone to flooding risks, while its proximity to major transportation corridors, railways, and truck routes contributes to poor air quality and increased vulnerability to extreme heat events.
These environmental challenges in Pico Rivera are further underscored by the City’s designation as a Disadvantaged Community (DAC) under CalEnviroScreen 4.0. 14 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 is a tool developed by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment which identifies communities most impacted by pollution and socioeconomic stressors, ranking them based on factors such as air and water pollution, hazardous waste exposure, and health vulnerability. In Pico Rivera, this designation reflects the disproportionate impacts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, which contribute to elevated rates of respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), cardiovascular conditions, heat-related illnesses, and other adverse health outcomes.
To address these pressing environmental and public health challenges, the City has developed CAAP, led by the Office of Sustainability since 2021. The CAAP is a comprehensive roadmap to achieve state and federal climate goals of reducing GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2045.
The proposed action meets the City’s Strategic Plan goals of the following:
• Economic Development and Land Use - Strategy 2.4, “Establish the City of Pico Rivera as an environmentally friendly, sustainable community that attracts green industries.”
• Infrastructure - Strategy 3.1, “Prepare and update master plans to ensure up-todate planning, innovative practices, sustainable methods, and future technology.” • Health, Wellness and Safety – Strategy 4.4, “Promote healthy living to maintain a thriving population.”
• Community Engagement – Strategy 5.1, “Increase community participation and inclusion to cultivate a powerful sense of community pride and public awareness.” In addition to reducing emissions, the CAAP prioritizes strengthening community resilience to climate impacts, including:
• Flooding along the San Gabriel and Rio Hondo Rivers;
• Drought exacerbating water resource challenges;
• Extreme heat events that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations; and • Power outages linked to grid stress and extreme weather.
For the CAAP to be effectively implemented, it was essential to gain the community’s input. The CAAP was developed through a community-driven and collaborative process, with extensive public outreach—including listening sessions, youth climate meetings, and local events—to gather priorities and ideas. As the youth will be the age demographic that will benefit the most from this process, special attention and focus was placed on their successful participation and engagement.
Through initiatives focused on improving waste diversion, expanding green spaces, increasing renewable energy use, building and vehicle decarbonization, and fostering climate resilience, the CAAP represents a vital step toward creating a more sustainable CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
future for Pico Rivera while remaining grounded in collaborative community-guided principles.
Discussion:
On June 27, 2023, the Pico Rivera City Council approved a contract with Cascadia Consulting Group, LLC (Cascadia). Cascadia, based in Northern California, is a certified small, 100% women-owned business, that specializes in aiding disadvantaged communities, like Pico Rivera. Cascadia has been operating for approximately 30 years, helping complete Climate Action Plans (CAP) for the California Cities of Albany, Dublin, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Jose, Santa Clara, and San Francisco.
Below is a summary of Cascadia’s overall strategy in developing and finalizing the Pico Rivera’s CAAP:
Kick-Off Meeting - Cascadia’s strategy encompassed understanding the City’s current landscape by first reviewing relevant adopted documents (i.e., general plan, specific plans, master plans, and other studies). Cascadia then met with diverse stakeholders to understand organizational, community, and policy goals.
GHG Inventory and Reduction Targets - Cascadia used a leading and innovative GHG accounting system to complete an inventory. Specifically, the GHG inventory complies with the U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (USCP) and the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC), which provide standardized calculations ensuring complete, transparent, and accurate reporting of emissions.
Public Outreach and the Youth Ambassador Program - Cascadia provided a public engagement strategy consisting of internal and external stakeholder meetings. Cascadia collaborated with Day One, an outreach and community engagement organization with a deep existing relationship with the Pico Rivera City and community. Cascadia and Day One, a local nonprofit, created a plan to guide community engagement for the CAAP, which included community events, surveys, focus groups, and a Youth Ambassador Program to engage local students from high school and collegiate levels.
Develop GHG Reduction Policies and Strategies – Cascadia developed policies and strategies considering impact, feasibility (including community input, implementation readiness, and relevant policies), cost, social and racial equity, and co-benefits. Cascadia gathered and explored policies and strategies from previously implemented CAPs across the country to ensure that the CAAP considers all potential options.
GHG Forecast and Wedge Analysis – A tool that illustrates the impacts adopted strategies have in reducing GHG emissions and measures the performance and success of the CAAP.
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Review – The CAAP qualifies as a project under the CEQA and requires an environmental review; this ensures compliance with State and Federal environmental regulations.
Climate Dashboard – Ensures that the commitments made during the CAAP planning process result in the intended emissions reductions and other community benefits through ongoing monitoring and reporting of policy, program, and project implementation. The dashboard will be designed as a dynamic, user-friendly, and visually compelling monitoring and reporting dashboard for CAAP strategies.
CAAP Completion and Implementation Guide – Cascadia created a clear, concise, and visually engaging CAAP for adoption by the City Council. It includes the following elements: 1) Vision and Introduction, 2) GHG Inventory Results and Implications, 3) Goals, Targets, and Key Performance Indicators, and 4) Strategies and Actions. Once the CAAP is adopted, Cascadia will prepare and deploy an Implementation Planning Guide (IPG). The IPG aims to facilitate the implementation of the CAP by identifying key information about each policy and strategy, including the following: 1) Description of the measure, 2) Timeline of Implementation of the measure, 3) Key measure indicators, 4) Entity responsible for implementing the measure (i.e., department, agency), 5) Potential partners, 6) Estimated staffing requirements, 7) Potential funding sources and grant opportunities, and 8) Equitable measure of implementation.
GHG Reduction Goals
The CAAP represents a strategic effort shaped through collaboration between the community and City staff to achieve the following emission reduction targets:
• Reduce emissions by 40% below 1990 levels by 2030
• Reduce emissions by 75% below 1990 levels by 2040
• Achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, aligning with current State regulatory goals.
Analysis of Pico Rivera 2045 Zero-Carbon Initiative
Through the CAAP, the City aims to achieve carbon neutrality, or net zero emissions, by 2045. Achieving net zero emissions means reducing GHG emissions as much as possible and offsetting any remaining emissions locally. This can be accomplished through:
1. Actively reducing GHG emissions to zero,
2. Utilizing local carbon offsets, such as carbon credits or storing GHGs in local trees and soil, or
3. A combination of both approaches.
To support the achievement of this ambitious yet attainable goal, Cascadia conducted three (3) essential studies for the City: 1) GHG Emissions Inventory, 2) Emissions Forecast and Target Setting, and 3) Establishing GHG Reduction Strategies.
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
These studies form the foundation for the City’s path toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2045.
GHG Emissions Inventory
The GHG Emissions Inventory provides a comprehensive analysis of current emission sources, serving as the foundation for establishing meaningful GHG reduction targets. To identify where emissions originated, Cascadia conducted a detailed inventory (Appendix B-1 of the CAAP, Enclosure 2), revealing key insights into Pico Rivera’s emissions profile.
In 2021, residents, businesses, and visitors in Pico Rivera generated 378,983 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO₂e)—a 2% increase from 2019 levels. To put this into perspective, this is equivalent to the emissions produced by 90,199 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles driven for one year or the amount of carbon stored by approximately 6 million trees over 10 years.
The analysis also identified the major contributors to communitywide emissions in 2021:
Transportation (52%), Building Energy (33%), Refrigerants (9%), Solid Waste (5%), and Wastewater (1%).
This inventory provides the baseline data necessary for targeting and prioritizing actions to reduce emissions and move toward the City’s goal of carbon neutrality by 2045.
Emissions Forecast and Target Setting
The CAAP includes a forward-looking study to forecast GHG emissions and identifies pathways to reduce them. The analysis illustrates three scenarios for consideration:
1. Business-As-Usual (BAU) – Assumes no action at the local, state, or federal level.
2. Adjusted Business-As-Usual (ABAU) – Accounts for existing state and federal policies and regulations.
3. CAAP Actions Scenario – Incorporates the implementation of key actions outlined in the CAAP alongside state and federal efforts.
Under the BAU, emissions in Pico Rivera are projected to increase by 13% by 2045 compared to 2021 levels. In contrast, with state and federal policies, emissions could decrease by 73%. Most significantly, by implementing the local actions identified in the CAAP, emissions could drop by 91% by 2045. This highlights the critical role of local initiatives in achieving meaningful emission reductions and combating climate change.
To meet these challenges, the City has established ambitious yet achievable targets:
• 40% emissions reduction by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels). • 100% emissions reduction (carbon neutrality) by 2045.
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
These targets are aimed to drive the City toward a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future for the Pico Rivera community.
Establishing GHG Reduction Measures
During the development of the CAAP, 43 key GHG reduction measures were identified to help the City achieve emission reduction targets aligned with State and Federal goals, including SB 32, SB 97, SB 1383, AB 617, SB 100, and CARB’s Scoping Plan for Carbon Neutrality. The full list is available in Appendix A of the draft CAAP (page A-8 or page 49 of the document, Enclosure 2).
The proposed measures were further refined with input from City departments to ensure they are practical, aligned with City policies, and ready for implementation. Using a MultiCriteria Analysis (MCA) to evaluate impact, cost, feasibility, equity, and co-benefits, resulted in a balanced and actionable set of strategies reflecting both community needs and City capabilities.
To guide implementation and support the City’s vision for carbon neutrality by 2045, the GHG reduction measures are organized into six (6) key focus areas:
1. City and Local Economy (CE) – Lead by example to reduce municipal emissions and inspire communitywide climate action through outreach and engagement.
2. Buildings & Energy (BE) – Improve energy efficiency, transition to electrification, and expand renewable energy adoption to reduce building emissions.
3. Transportation & Land Use (TL) – Enhance mobility and reduce transportation emissions through sustainable land use, multimodal options, improved pedestrian/cycling networks, and EV infrastructure.
4. Materials & Consumption (MC) - Reduce waste emissions through better waste management, recycling, and sustainable consumption practices.
5. Natural Systems & Water Resources (NS) – Support climate resilience by enhancing carbon sequestration, conserving water, and protecting natural systems.
6. Community Resilience & Well-being (CR) – Strengthen preparedness for climate impacts like extreme heat, power outages, and public health challenges.
While the 43 GHG reduction measures provide a strong foundation for climate action, additional detailed analysis will be necessary for successful implementation. This includes establishing timelines, operational impacts, funding strategies, and ensuring community readiness. Should the City Council approve the CAAP, it will serve as a comprehensive CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
sustainability masterplan that addresses both immediate and long-term climate goals, positioning the City of Pico Rivera as a leader in local climate action.
Public Outreach and Stakeholder Engagement Activities
The development of the CAAP was guided by an extensive public outreach process lead by DayOne and Cascadia to ensure community input and alignment with City priorities.
Engagement efforts included:
• Two (2) community conversations,
• Two (2) pop-up events at the Eggs-travaganza and Farmers Market, • A youth climate meeting, and
• An online community survey conducted from February to May 2024.
These events successfully engaged residents of all ages, with youth playing a pivotal role.
Youth participants advocated for more green spaces on school campuses, enhanced climate education, and greater youth involvement in decision-making. Their contributions underscored the importance of prioritizing connected transportation, renewable energy, and resilient infrastructure as key components of the CAAP. This aligned with overall community priorities.
To ensure successful implementation, the CAAP team facilitated four (4) stakeholder engagement sessions with City departments. These sessions allowed staff to review and refine the proposed actions, ensuring their feasibility, alignment with City goals, and connection to community feedback.
Environmental Analysis:
The Climate Action and Adaptation Plan aligns with California Senate Bill 32, which sets a statewide GHG emissions reduction target of 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. This target is consistent with the CEQA and serves as a qualified GHG emissions reduction strategy under regional and state guidelines.
The City of Pico Rivera, as the Lead Agency, has prepared an Initial Study and Negative Declaration for the Pico Rivera Climate Action and Adaptation Plan in compliance with the CEQA, the CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations §15000 et. seq.) and the regulations and policies of the City of Pico Rivera, California. The City of Pico Rivera finds that the CAAP will not have a significant effect on the environment. The initial study does not identify any potentially significant effects on the environment for which mitigation measures are required to mitigate the effects to a less than significant level.
Conclusion:
Staff recommends adopting a resolution to approve the Pico Rivera Climate Action and Adaptation Plan along with the Negative Declaration, in compliance with CEQA CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ADOPTION OF THE PICO RIVERA CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN, NONCIP NO. 6770 AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
regulations. This community-driven plan aligns with the City’s Five-Year Strategic Plan, meets state emission targets and mandates, and enhances eligibility for climate resilience grant funding. It prioritizes the community’s needs and vulnerabilities, ensuring Pico Rivera can foster a prosperous and sustainable future.
Adopting the CAAP will facilitate the completion of the CAAP Implementation Guide and Climate Dashboard, set for finalization by September 30, 2025, to ensure accountability and transparency in achieving the CAAP’s goals. Additionally, CAAP adoption will prioritize environmental and community health in future projects, enhance funding opportunities through strategic initiatives, and demonstrate a commitment to community well-being.
Steve Carmona
SC:AG:VHF:pg
Enclosures: 1) Resolution
2) Pico Rivera Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
Enclosure 1
RESOLUTION NO. _____
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
PICO RIVERA, CALIFORNIA, ADOPTING THE 2025
CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN AND
NEGATIVE DECLARATION
WHEREAS, the City of Pico Rivera is a regional leader in sustainability and environmental stewardship; and
WHEREAS, Pico Rivera is committed to sustainability and environmental stewardship, as exemplified by its existing programs and initiatives promoting renewable energy, water conservation, waste diversion, and clean transportation; and WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Energy and SoCal Gas awarded the City of Pico Rivera $170,010 and City dedicated $140,000 to prepare the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (“CAAP”); and
WHEREAS, the City recognizes the urgency of addressing the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, severe weather events, water scarcity, and threats to public health and infrastructure; and
WHEREAS, the CAAP outlines a comprehensive strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions in alignment with California’s statewide goals under SB 32, which mandates a 40% reduction below 1990 GHG levels by 2030, and EO B-55-18, which sets a target of carbon neutrality by 2045; and
WHEREAS, the CAAP includes focus areas such as energy-efficient buildings, clean transportation, renewable energy, water conservation, urban greening, and community resilience; and
WHEREAS, the City has undertaken significant community outreach efforts, engaging residents, businesses, and stakeholders to ensure the CAAP reflects local priorities and promotes equitable outcomes; and
WHEREAS, implementation of the CAAP will support public health, foster economic development, create green jobs, and improve the quality of life for all residents of Pico Rivera; and
WHEREAS, a draft Initial Study in support of a Negative Declaration was prepared in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) and the CEQA Guidelines to evaluate the environmental impacts of the proposed CAAP. The Negative Declaration was circulated for a 21-day public review on November 20, 2024, and was also made available for review on the City’s web page, with hard copies available at City Hall, and it was uploaded digitally with the Office of Planning and Research’s CEQAnet database; and
14a
RESOLUTION NO. ____
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Pico Rivera as follows:
SECTION 1. The facts set forth in the Recitals, above, are true and correct.
SECTION 2. The City of Pico Rivera will endeavor to achieve a zero-carbon local economy consistent with 2045 targets based on the most recent climate science and state and federal goals.
SECTION 3. The City of Pico Rivera strives to ensure environmental, economic, and social justice in its climate actions by actively seeking input from community stakeholders; protecting communities that are vulnerable to environmental damage.
SECTION 4. The City of Pico Rivera will consider developing and/or implementing new codes, standards, and incentives with a goal that all new and existing buildings in its jurisdiction, both City and privately-owned, become energy-efficient and zero-carbon.
SECTION 5. The City of Pico Rivera will strive to use 100 percent renewable energy in its operations and to offer 100 percent renewable electricity to its residents and businesses through the Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy's (PRIME) Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) energy service.
SECTION 6. The City of Pico Rivera aims to set ambitious targets for the percentage of commute trips that will be made by biking, walking, and transit (known as mode share targets). In addition, the City shall strive to continue to plan, permit, and invest in transportation measures that reduce vehicle miles traveled and greenhouse gas emissions, including expanded protected bikeways; pedestrian corridors; zero-emission vehicles; accessible public transit; and land-use practices.
SECTION 7. Based on the above recitals, public comment, staff’s presentation and report, which are incorporated herein as part of the findings, the City Council hereby approves the Negative Declaration and makes the following findings and determinations:
1. The Negative Declaration has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of CEQA and the CEQA Guidelines and serves as the appropriate environmental documentation for the proposed CAAP.
2. It has carefully reviewed and considered the information contained in the Negative Declaration (including the Initial Study and any comments received during the public review period) prior to acting upon the proposed CAAP.
3. Based upon the record before it (including the Initial Study and any comments received), the proposed CAAP will not have a significant effect on the environment for which mitigation measures are required to mitigate the effects to a less than significant level and that the Negative Declaration reflects the independent judgment and analysis of the City Council.
RESOLUTION NO. ____
SECTION 8. The City of Pico Rivera is dedicated to protecting and promoting the health and safety of its residents through climate adaptation. The City will work toward the implementation of actions that prepare residents for a changing climate and build resilience among populations at greatest risk from climate hazards. The City will work toward integration of climate change preparedness planning across its operations to enhance readiness and monitoring of climate impacts; ensure that the community will be prepared for gradual changes and climate-related shocks, such as wildfires, droughts, and extreme heat events; use data to assess and monitor climate hazards and the implementation of adaptation projects; and design capital projects to reduce vulnerability to climate-related events and disasters.
SECTION 9. The City Council hereby adopts the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan as the guiding framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing climate resilience.
SECTION 10. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption and the City Clerk shall certify the passage and adoption of this Resolution and enter it into the book of original resolutions.
APPROVED AND PASSED this 28th day of January, 2025
________________________________
John R. Garcia, Mayor
ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_____________________________ ________________________________ Cynthia Ayala, City Clerk Arnold Alvarez-Glasman, City Attorney AYES:
NOES:
PICO RIVERA
Climate Action & Adaptation Plan Draft
JANUARY 2025
Enclosure 2
14b
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Acknowledgments | 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The City of Pico Rivera would like to thank the community for their feedback and collaboration throughout the development of the Climate Action & Adaptation Plan. The City expresses great appreciation to the following staff, community members, and organizations for their contributions in developing this Plan.
CITY COUNCIL
Mayor
John R. Garcia
Mayor Pro Tem
Gustavo V. Camacho
Councilmember
Andrew C. Laura
Councilmember
Erik Lutz
Councilmember
Dr. Monica Sanchez
CITY MANGER’S OFFICE
City Manager
Steven Carmona
Assistant City Manager
Angelina Garcia
OFFICE OF SUSTAINABILITY
CAAP PROJECT TEAM
General Manager
Victor Ferrer
Sustainability Technician
Paola Granados
ADDITIONAL CITY STAFF
INVOLVED IN CAAP
DEVELOPMENT
Adrian Rodriguez
Alvie Betancourt
Cynthia Ayala
Gene Edwards
Hector Hernandez
Javier Hernandez
Jose Gutierrez
Julia Gonzalez
Karine Shirinian
Maribel Palmer
Noe Negrete
Pamela Yugar
CONSULTING TEAM
Cascadia Consulting Group
Abigail Lambert
Alicia Fennell
Andrea Martin
Barbara Mendez
Hailey Weinberg
Laura Baetscher
Maddie Seibert
Day One
Angelique Lopez
Ashley Mercado
Christy Zamani
James Cortes
Joline Yueh
ADDITIONAL PARTNERS
Go2Zero Strategies
Safe Clean Water LA
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Table of Contents | 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments 2
Acronyms and Key Terms 4
Executive Summary 6
Introduction 12
Developing the CAAP 17
Climate Impacts in Pico Rivera 19
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Targets 21
Centering Equity 24
Strategies & Actions 25
City & Local Economy Strategies & Actions 28
Buildings & Energy Strategies & Actions 30
Transportation & Land Use Strategies & Actions 32
Materials & Consumption Strategies & Actions 35
Natural Systems & Water Resources Strategies & Actions 37 Community Resilience & Wellbeing Strategies & Actions 39 Implementation Plan 40
Appendix A. Pico Rivera CAAP Strategy & Action Memorandum A-1 Appendix B. Pico Rivera Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report B-1
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo C-1 Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment D-1 Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Acronyms and Key Terms | 4
ACRONYMS AND KEY TERMS
Term Definition
Circular
economy
A model where products are designed
to be reused or recycled, which avoids
consumption of new raw materials and
reduces waste, pollution, and greenhouse
gas emissions.
Climate change The long-term change in climate patterns due to increased levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases, primarily produced by human
activities.
Commute trip
reduction (CTR)
program
A program that promotes alternatives to
driving alone to improve sustainability
and reduce traffic congestion. Common
elements of CTR programs include
transportation demand management
strategies like bicycle amenities, carpool
and vanpool incentives, and transit fare
subsidies.
Complete
Streets
Transportation policy and design approach
that requires streets to be planned,
designed, operated, and maintained to
enable safe, convenient and comfortable
travel and access for users of all ages and
abilities.
Distributed
energy
resources
(DERs)
Small-scale units of local generation
connected to the grid at distribution
level, such as solar panels, which provide
electricity close to where it is used.
Electric vehicle
(EV)
A vehicle that derives its power from an
electric motor rather than a fuel-powered
internal combustion engine.
Term Definition
Electrification The transition away from using natural
gas and other fossil fuels to electricity
(typically generated from renewable
energy sources like solar and wind) to
power buildings and vehicles.
Environmental
justice
The just treatment and meaningful
involvement of all people, regardless of
income, race, color, national origin, Tribal
affiliation, or disability, in activities that
affect human health and the environment.
Greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions
Heat-trapping gases that warm the
atmosphere and cause climate change,
such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
Green
stormwater
infrastructure
(GSI)
Systems that use vegetation, soil, and
natural processes to filter, slow, and treat
stormwater runoff, such as permeable
pavement and rain gardens.
High Quality
Transit Areas
(HQTAs)
Areas with frequent and reliable public
transit systems that provide convenient
and accessible transportation options to
reduce reliance on personal vehicles.
Metric tons of
carbon dioxide
equivalent
(MTCO2e)
A unit of measurement that represents
an amount of a greenhouse gas whose
impact on climate change has been
standardized to that of one unit of
carbon dioxide (CO2), based on the global
warming potential (GWP) of the gas.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
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Acronyms and Key Terms | 5
Term Definition
Microgrid Localized grids that can disconnect from
the traditional power grid to operate on
their own and enhance the resilience of
local energy supplies.
Micromobility Transportation solutions such as bicycles, e-bikes, and scooters designed for shortdistance travel.
Multimodal
transportation
Accessible transportation through various
travel modes beyond single-occupancy
vehicles, including pedestrian, bicycle, and
public transit.
Resilience hubs Trusted community facilities that provide resources and support for preparedness,
response, and recovery during climaterelated emergencies Term Definition
Sector-based
emissions
inventory
A type of greenhouse gas emissions
inventory that identifies and quantifies
emissions within Pico Rivera’s geographic
boundary across different sectors such as
transportation and building energy.
Transit-oriented
development
(TOD)
Walkable, pedestrian-oriented,
and densely compacted mixed-use
(commercial, residential, entertainment)
development centered around or located
near public transit stations.
Urban heat
island
Urban or metropolitan areas that
experience significantly higher
temperatures than their rural
surroundings due to human activities and
built environments.
Vehicle miles
traveled (VMT)
The total miles of vehicle travel in a
geographic area over a given time.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Executive Summary | 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WHY A CLIMATE ACTION & ADAPTATION PLAN?
Pico Rivera, a vibrant and growing predominantly
Hispanic community in Southeast Los Angeles
County, faces significant challenges due to its
location at the center of Southern California’s
freeway network, which contributes to poor air
quality and other environmental burdens. The
city is particularly vulnerable to extreme heat,
exacerbating health risks for residents, especially
those with existing health problems. In response,
Pico Rivera is embracing a future of sustainability
and innovation, launching a bold revitalization plan
focused on resilience, affordable housing, green
spaces, and renewable energy, with the Office of
Sustainability driving these efforts since 2021.
The Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
(CAAP) is our city’s roadmap for a sustainable,
resilient future. The plan charts a course to
drastically reduce our greenhouse gas emissions
(GHGs) to effectively zero, while fostering a resilient and thriving community. Building on a strong
foundation of sustainability-related work in the city,
the CAAP came together through a robust process
that integrates current climate science, regional
best practices, and invaluable input from both City
staff and our community. Together, the City is paving
the way for a greener, more resilient community.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Executive Summary | 7
VISION FOR THE CAAP
OUR VISION: PICO RIVERA 2045
CONNECTED
• Pico Rivera communities are
deeply connected through
accessible, active
transportation systems and
social networks.
• The community is involved in
sustainability activities and
actively shares resources.
• The local green economy and
city infrastructure support
vibrant, healthy lifestyles and a
high quality of life.
• Those most at risk from
climate change impacts are at
the center of climate action
decisions.
• All community members share
the opportunities and benefits
of climate action.
• Locally sourced renewable
energy powers our buildings
and vehicles and provides
reliable power even during
power failures.
• Our natural systems are
healthy and resilient to climate
change impacts.
• Our economy thrives on
climate-friendly, low-waste
goods and services.
THRIVING SUSTAINABLE
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2025 CAAP
Executive Summary | 8
CLIMATE CHANGE IN PICO RIVERA
How Climate Change Will Impact Pico Rivera
Pico Rivera faces rising temperatures, more intense
heatwaves, heavy rain, flooding, droughts, and poor
air quality due to climate change. These impacts
are made worse by paved surfaces and built areas
that trap heat and contribute to air pollution.
Social factors, such as housing quality, access
to parks and grocery stores, and employment
opportunities increase the vulnerability of some
residents. These intertwined challenges affect every
facet of life, from health and water resources to
finances, housing, transportation, and economic
development.
Mitigation and Adaptation
To achieve our vision for Pico Rivera, this CAAP
includes strategies and actions for both climate
mitigation and adaptation. Both are necessary for a
sustainable and resilient future.
• Mitigation actions directly address climate
change by reducing GHG emissions and boosting
carbon “sinks” to store these gases.
• Adaptation actions manage climate change
impacts. These actions protect and build
resilience in vulnerable systems and
communities.
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2025 CAAP
Executive Summary | 9
HOW IT CAME TOGETHER
This plan is the result of a full year of technical
reviews, expert and staff consultations, and
meetings with the broader community. To develop
the CAAP, the City:
• Developed a list of actions based on the GHG
inventory, staff insights, current policies, and
community responses.
• Gathered community input about their vision for
the city and perspectives about climate actions.
• Refined actions using staff feedback, a
qualitative scoring process, and a vulnerability
assessment.
• Analyzed impacts of key actions to confirm that
they would support the City in meeting its goals.
• Finalized and planned for implementation with
City staff and community review.
What Residents Shared
During community conversations, residents of Pico
Rivera shared that by 2040, they want to see…
Electric cars
Multi-modal
transportaition
A connected community
Clean energy
Energy storage
Air quality
EV charging stations
Displacement awareness
Safe and
cyclist-friendly
streets
Green buildings
Climate action education
Tree canopy
Pedestrian-friendly
Green space
Local resilience centers
Climate change education
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Local Economy | 10
LOCAL ECONOMY
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Executive Summary | 11
Strategies & Actions At-a-Glance
Table 2. Key Strategies and Actions
Focus Area Strategies Example Actions
City & Local
Economy (CE)
• CE 1. Lead by example
• CE 2. Build a green economy
• City building emissions
reduction
• Green workforce and training
opportunities Sustainable
business certification
Buildings & Energy
(BE)
• BE 1. Increase energy efficiency
• BE 2. Promote building decarbonization
• BE 3. Increase renewable energy generation
• Phased electrification for
buildings
• Renewable electricity
Transportation &
Land Use (TL)
• TL 1. Promote multimodal transportation systems
• TL 2. Increase EV infrastructure and adoption
• TL 3. Promote sustainable land use planning
• TL 4. Decarbonize freight and aviation sectors
• Active transportation access
and safety
• EV Infrastructure Plan
• Anti-displacement strategies
Materials &
Consumption (MC)
• MC 1. Maximize waste diversion
• MC 2. Promote a circular economy
• Zero Waste Plan
• Food waste diversion program
Natural Systems &
Water Resources
(NS)
• NS 1. Expand and protect natural systems
• NS 2. Enhance urban tree canopy and sequestration
• NS 3. Improve water resource management
• Tree planting outreach
• Community water conservation
Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing (CR)
• CR 1. Prepare the community to respond to future climate impacts
• CR 2. Enhance community understanding of climate
change
• Climate impacts resilience
strategy
• Youth climate engagement
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Introduction | 12
INTRODUCTION
The City of Pico Rivera is in the Southeast region
of Los Angeles County and is home to a quickly
growing, predominantly Hispanic community with a
rich cultural history. Pico Rivera has long been a hub
of opportunity, with a history of major employment
and industry given its proximity to downtown Los
Angeles. The city is also at the center of Southern
California’s freeway network, surrounded by the
Santa Ana Freeway, San Gabriel River Freeway, and
the Pomona Freeway just two miles away. While
these major highways connect us to the region,
they also bring significant air pollution, leading the
state to designate Pico Rivera as a “Disadvantaged
Community” due to the impact on our air quality
and public health.
These public health challenges are worsened by the
climate impacts the city is already experiencing,
with rising temperature, more intense heatwaves,
more frequent extreme weather, and prolonged
periods of drought and poor air quality. The city
is especially vulnerable to extreme heat, putting
residents with higher social sensitivity, like those
with cardiovascular disease or outdoor workers, at
greater risk.
To respond to these overlapping environmental and
health challenges, the City is embracing a future
that blends innovation, sustainability, and a deep
sense of community. Today, the city is launching
a bold revitalization of its major commercial and
riverfront corridors, aiming to drive smart growth
and inclusive opportunities for everyone in the
community through a focus on resilience, affordable
housing, green spaces, workforce development, and
zero-emission development. Efforts are underway
to enhance infrastructure, build parks, support new
businesses, and celebrate the arts.
The City is already working towards addressing
climate impacts, starting with the launch of Pico
Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) in 2017,
offering local renewable energy to the community.
Building on this momentum, the City established
the Office of Sustainability in 2021 to drive even
greater progress on reaching sustainability goals.
As Pico Rivera grows, the City remains committed
to harmonizing growth with environmental
stewardship.
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Introduction | 13
PICO RIVERA’S VISION
CONNECTED
• Pico Rivera communities are deeply connected through
• accessible, active transportation systems, social
• networks, and cultural activities.
• The community is involved in sustainability activities and actively shares resources.
• Locally sourced renewable energy powers our buildings and vehicles and provides reliable power even during
power failures.
• Our natural systems are healthy and resilient to climate change impacts.
• Our economy thrives on climate-friendly, low-waste
goods and services.
The City of Pico Rivera fosters
connections within the community,
promotes health and quality of life, and
supports a thriving, fair, and sustainable
economy, with a focus on protecting
the environment.
To meet this vision, the City has set
bold targets and committed to
ambitious climate action. This CAAP
provides a framework for achieving the
City’s climate and broader community
goals.
OUR VISION
PICO RIVERA 2045
THRIVING
SUSTAINABLE
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2025 CAAP
Introduction | 14
WHY DEVELOP A CLIMATE ACTION & ADAPTATION PLAN?
This CAAP is a bold response to the challenges posed by climate change, reflecting our commitment to a sustainable, healthy future. The strategies and actions outlined in this plan are crafted for Pico Rivera, highlighting our leadership in climate action and benefitting both our local community and global climate.
As GHG emissions continue to rise worldwide,
pushing us dangerously close to surpassing 1.5°C
(2.7°F) above pre-industrial levels, the action of
local governments has never been more crucial.
Pico Rivera, in collaboration with other governments
and agencies, must take decisive steps towards a
low-carbon, resilient planet.
In recent years, Pico Rivera has faced longer and
hotter heatwaves, longer droughts, short and heavy
rain causing flooding, and poor air quality. These
impacts remind us of the city’s vital responsibility in equipping our community to adapt and prepare for
what is ahead.
Together, Pico Rivera must cut greenhouse gas
emissions (GHGs) and build our resilience to
promote a vibrant, healthy community for future
generations.
What is a Climate Action and Adaptation
Plan?
This CAAP is the City’s roadmap to achieve our vision of a resilient, sustainable future for all residents. By taking the actions in this CAAP, the City aims to meet ambitious emissions reduction targets in line with state goals: 40% by 2030, 75% by 2040, and a complete transition to netzero emissions by 2045.
Beyond reducing emissions, the CAAP also addresses the
city’s vulnerabilities to climate-related hazards that are expected to intensify over time. Crafted to reflect the unique character of Pico Rivera, the CAAP underscores the City’s unwavering commitment to leading in climate action and safeguarding our community’s future.
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Introduction | 15
STATE REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
California acknowledges that climate change poses significant threats to public health, economic stability, and natural resources. California has adopted ambitious climate policies that guided target setting and action development for this CAAP, including:
Policy Description Year
AB 32: The
Greenhouse
Gas Emission
Reduction
Policy
Requires the state to reduce GHG
emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.
Adopted
2006;
updated
2014
SB 97: The
California
Environmental
Quality Act
(CEQA)
Requires public agencies to
review the environmental impacts
of proposed projects, including
General Plans, Specific Plans, and
specific kinds of development
projects. It was amended in 2010
to provide guidance to public
agencies about how to measure
and address GHG emissions.
2010
Executive
Order B-30-15
Establishes a statewide goal of
reducing GHG emissions to 40
percent below 1990 levels by
2030.
2015
SB 32:
California
Global
Warming
Solutions Act
Expands on AB 32 and Executive
Order B-30-15, requiring California
to reduce GHG emissions to 40
percent below 1990 levels by 2030
and 80 percent below 1990 levels
by 2050.
2016
Policy Description Year
SB 1383:
Short-Lived
Climate
Pollutant and
Edible Food
Recovery
Requires state agencies to
consider and, as appropriate,
adopt policies and incentives
to significantly increase the
sustainable production and use of
renewable gas. Requires reduction
of statewide disposal of organic
waste by 50% by 2020 and 75% by
2025.
2016
SB 1374:
Lower Los
Angeles River
Recreation and
Park District
Authorizes revitalization of
riverways, parks, and bike trails
in the San Gabriel Watershed and
Lower Los Angeles River, while
incorporating wildlife restoration
and water conservation.
2016
AB 617:
Community Air
Protection
Focuses on reducing air pollution
exposure in communities most
impacted. Supports community
air monitoring, emissions
reduction programs, and grants to
support clean air technology and
community participation.
2017
SB 100:
Renewables
Portfolio
Standard (CEC
RPS)
Sets a goal that eligible renewable
energy resources and zero-carbon
resources supply 100% of retail
sales of electricity to California
end-use customers by 2045.
2018
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Introduction | 16
Pico Rivera launched Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy City of Pico Rivera Urban Greening Plan released.
City and community planted 62 trees at Pio Pico Park for Arbor Day.
Pico Rivera opened the
City provided over 70 free Smart Thermometers to residents during extreme heat events.
Durfee Avenue rail bridge construction was completed, improving regional transportation connectivity.
PRIME launched distributed energy resources (DER) program.
City announced the Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) to decrease upfront costs and make solar more accessible for all residents.
City awarded $1 million to construct the PAD Park and make the city greener for residents.
City begins multi-year roll out of AB 1383 implementation and expanded waste hauling services. 2017
2018
2020
2021
2022
2023
City developed Pico Rivera 2035: Community Revitalization Program (PR 2035), a community and economic recovery framework.
City released the Local Development and Sustainability Business Plan (LDSBP).
VMT Transportation Study Guidelines released to assess regional travel, local transportation systems, and VMT.
Construction of Mines Ave Bikeway Project began to build a 1.5-mile bicycle facility over the San Gabriel River.
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Introduction | 17
DEVELOPING THE CAAP
Over the course of a year, the project team and City staff worked hand-in-hand to create this CAAP, engaging deeply with the community and conducting detailed technical analyses. This collaborative process unearthed valuable City data and highlighted the community’s top priorities. Together, the City forged a vision that captures Pico Rivera’s unique spirit, addressing local needs and aspirations. The result is a thorough, community-driven blueprint reflecting the city’s essence and residents’ priorities. The process to develop the CAAP actions looked like this:
Developed a List of
Actions
Gathered
Community Input
ned
Actions
Analyzed Impacts
for Key Actions
Finalized
& Planned for
Implementation
Made a list of
actions based on
GHG data, city
context, staff input,
existing plans and
achievements, best
practices and
available science,
peer city resources,
and community
needs.
Gathered feedback
about the
community’s vision,
educated
participants about
climate issues, and
strengthened
relationships
through events
throughout the
process.
Estimated emission
reductions
associated with a
set of actions, then
adjusted the
actions to support
the city’s targets.
City staff and the
community
provided input on
updated actions
and implementation
considerations
through meetings
and open comment
periods.
1 2 3 4 5
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2025 CAAP
Introduction | 18
COMMUNITY PRIORITIES AND HIGHLY SUPPORTED ACTIONS
Community Engagement at A Glance
February: Community Conversation #1
April: Pop-up Event #1 (Egg-stravaganza)
Youth Climate Conversation
May: Pop-up Event #2 (Farmers Market)
Community Conversation #2
February-May: Community Survey
What the Community Shared
Green Spaces Key Actions
Community members highlighted the need
for less concrete and more trees, parks, and
green streets in Pico Rivera. They emphasized
that they would like to preserve existing trees
and recognized that trees and green space can
help filter air pollution.
NS 2.1
NS 2.2
NS 2.3
Safe, Connected Transportation Key Actions
The community voiced support for more
connected and protected bike trails, sidewalks,
and transit stops – including regional transit
connections. They said that these should be
paired with proper lighting, greenery, and bike
storage and tool stations.
TL 1.2
TL 1.4
Youth Engagement Key Actions
Youth were active participants at meetings for
this process. They advocated for more green
space on their campuses, youth- and familyoriented climate education, and for more opportunities for youth to contribute to City
decisions.
CR 2.1
CR 2.3
Innovations in Renewable Energy Key Actions
Community members strongly supported
a transition to efficient, electric buildings,
including expanding local renewable energy
and improving energy efficiency.
BE 1.1
BE 2.1
BE 2.2
BE 3.1
BE 3.2
BE 3.3
Water Management Key Actions
Community members recognize the threats
that drought and flooding pose to Pico
Rivera. They said that it is important to make
infrastructure more resilient and raised
ideas for water capture, including school and
community gardens, as well as parks alongside
riverbeds.
NS 3.1
NS 3.2
Community Health Key Actions
The community requested a focus on
health across the CAAP. They recommended
addressing pollution, providing access to
drinking water stations throughout the city and
providing more climate education.
CR 2.1
CR 2.2
CR 2.3
CR 2.4
During community
conversations,
residents of Pico
Rivera shared
that by 2040, they
want to see…
Electric cars
Multi-modal
transportaition
A connected community
Clean energy
Energy storage
Air quality
EV charging stations
Displacement awareness Safe and
cyclist-friendly
streets
Green buildings
Climate action education
Tree canopy
Pedestrian-friendly
Green space
Local resilience centers
Climate change education
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2025 CAAP
Introduction | 19
CLIMATE IMPACTS IN PICO RIVERA
CLIMATE IMPACTS IN PICO RIVERA
MORE EXTREME HEAT &
LONGER HEATWAVES
As climate change continues, Pico Rivera faces a cascade of impacts. Temperatures will climb, heatwaves Pico Rivera will likely experience:
Pico Rivera will continue to experience
gradually warmer annual average
temperatures, more extreme heat days,
and more warm nights.
Heatwaves will become more intense
and prolonged, stressing public health
and safety.
INCREASED EXPOSURE
TO WILDFIRE SMOKE
MORE FREQUENT &
INTENSE PRECIPITATION
EVENTS
While Pico Rivera is not prone to
development, much of the region is
Larger and more intense regional
days and poor air quality.
Extreme precipitation can lead to
The region will see a shift toward
short bursts of extreme precipitation.
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Introduction | 20
CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT (CVA)
Climate vulnerability describes how likely a
community or system is to be impacted by climate
change, based on their exposure, sensitivity to risks,
and ability to adapt. By understanding this, the City
can take steps to protect people, infrastructure,
and the environment, especially communities who
are most at risk. Pico Rivera’s CVA identified the
communities, places, and systems most vulnerable
to climate impacts. This guided development of
CAAP actions to build community resilience.
Who is Most at Risk?
Climate change worsens social inequities and puts
the heaviest burden on our most vulnerable groups.
In Pico Rivera, this may include:
• Elderly residents and young children
• Communities that primarily speak languages
other than English
• People with pre-existing health conditions
• People who work outdoors
• Communities near freeways or with
disproportionate exposure to air pollution
• Residents who are cost-burdened and/or
experiencing food insecurity Extreme heat and rain events may cause thermal stress on pavement material, leading to cracks, potholes, and more frequent and expensive repairs to maintain safe and functional roadways.
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Targets | 21
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND TARGETS
Burning fossil fuels for transportation and energy, along with other human activities, is the main source of rising GHG emissions. These gases trap heat, leading to a global change in the climate and heightened climate-related risks.
KEY EMISSIONS SOURCES
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors
generated 371,169 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MTCO2e) in 2019 and 378,983 MTCO2e
in 2021. Pico Rivera’s communitywide emissions
increased 2% between 2019 and 2021 (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Total communitywide GHG emissions over time
Transportation was the largest source of 2021
communitywide emissions (52% of emissions),
followed by building energy (33%), refrigerants (9%),
solid waste (5%), and wastewater (<1%).
What do these numbers
mean?
Pico Rivera’s 2021 emissions (378,983
MTCO2e) are equivalent to:
the emissions produced by 90,199
gasoline-powered passenger vehicles
driven for one year.
OR
the carbon sequestered by 6,266,516
tree seedlings grown for 10 years.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Targets | 22
EMMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS
The City of Pico Rivera aims to cut emissions from
1990 levels by 40% by 2030, 75% by 2040, and 100%
(net zero emission) by 2045 (Figure 2). These targets
are aligned with California and peer city targets.
“Net zero emissions” means reducing emissions
as much as possible and offsetting any remaining
emissions locally. This can be done by (1) actively
reducing GHG emissions to zero; (2) using local
carbon offset credits or storing GHGs in local trees
and soil; or (3) a combination of both methods.
Figure 2. Proposed greenhouse gas reduction pathway for the City of Pico Rivera 2030
2040
2045
40% 75% 100%
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Targets | 23
EMISSIONS FORECAST
To understand how to focus the CAAP actions,
the City projected its future communitywide GHG
emissions under three scenarios:
• Business-as-usual (BAU): This scenario is based on
2021 emissions and growth assumptions, assuming
no climate action.
• Adjusted business-as-usual (ABAU): This scenario
considered key federal and state policies’ impacts
but still assumed no local action.
• CAAP Actions Scenario: This scenario projected
the impact of key CAAP actions on the remaining
emissions.
Figure 3. Pico Rivera’s emissions scenario through 2045 (MTCO2e) These scenarios, presented in Figure 3, show:
• Without any climate action, Pico Rivera’s emissions
will increase 13% from 2021 to 2045. This is a 23%
increase compared to 1990 levels.
• With state and federal policies, Pico Rivera’s
emissions are expected to decrease 73% from 2021
to 2045. This reflects a 71% decrease from 1990
levels.
• With implementation of seven key CAAP actions, Pico
Rivera’s emissions are expected to decrease 91%
from 2021 to 2045 (Figure 3). This is a 90% decrease
from 1990 levels.
Expected emissions impacts of key
federal and state policies
EV infrastructure plan and active
transportation
(TL 1.2 and 2.1)
Zero waste plan
(MC 1.1)
Refrigerants emissions reductions
2019
2021
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
(MU 1.5)
CAAP Actions
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
0 GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)
CAAP
targets
Business-as-usual
Year
Adjusted business-as-usual forecast
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Centering Equity | 24
CENTERING EQUITY
Systemic inequities amplify climate change’s impact
on vulnerable groups. Communities of color, lowincome residents, and those facing food or housing insecurity bear the most burden from climate
impacts. Pico Rivera’s CAAP recognizes this and
prioritizes equity-focused solutions to ensure that
everyone receives opportunities and benefits from
climate action.
The CAAP development process involved inclusive
outreach with a focus on youth, ensuring diverse
voices shaped its actions. It emphasizes resilience,
health, and community wellbeing alongside
emissions reduction. This holistic approach aims to
create a more equitable, low-carbon future.
Success hinges on shared benefits, accessibility,
and capacity-building. Partnerships and
accountability are crucial. As Pico Rivera pursues
its climate goals, the City will continuously learn
from our community, adapting strategies to make
a healthier environment available to all Pico Rivera
residents.
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2025 CAAP
Strategies & Actions | 25
STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Six focus areas drive the Pico Rivera CAAP’s efforts to reduce GHG emissions while strengthening resilience against climate change impacts. This comprehensive approach addresses both mitigation and adaptation, positioning Pico Rivera for a sustainable future. These focus areas include:
Focus Area Goal % of total
emissions
City & Local
Economy (CE)
Reduce City government greenhouse gas emissions and inspire communitywide climate action through outreach, engagement, and leadership. N/A Buildings & Energy
(BE)
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings through energy efficiency, electrification, and by transitioning to renewable energy sources. 33% Transportation &
Land Use (TL)
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and improve community mobility through sustainable land use planning, accessible multimodal transportation options, improved cycling and pedestrian networks, and expanded electric vehicle infrastructure.
52%
Materials &
Consumption (MC)
Reduce community waste generation and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the consumption and disposal of goods and materials. 5% Natural Systems &
Water Resources
(NS)
Foster climate-resilient natural landscapes and promote carbon sequestration by conserving water resources and preserving and expanding open space, critical habitats, and natural resources.
N/A
Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing (CR)
Ensure that all Pico Rivera residents are prepared for current and future climate impacts. N/A
*N/A indicates that focus area was not a distinct communitywide emissions sector.Note that the remaining 10% of emissions came from refrigerants (9%), wastewater (<1%), and potable water conveyance (<1%).
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Strategies & Actions | 26
Focus areas represent categories of emissions
reduction and adaptation priorities. Each focus area
has a corresponding goal, strategies, and detailed
actions.
Goals
Goals describe the outcome the
City hopes to achieve through CAAP
strategies and actions.
Strategies
Strategies provide the framework
for meeting Pico Rivera’s goals and
targets.
Actions
Actions represent the specific levers,
policies, and initiatives that make up
each strategy.
Mitigation Actions
Buildings & Energy, Transportation & Land Use, and
Materials & Consumption focus areas match GHG
data categories. They represent strategies that both
the City government and community can implement
together to address the major sources of emissions
in Pico Rivera.
Adaptation Actions
City & Crosscutting, Natural Systems & Water
Resources, and Community Resilience & Wellbeing
focus areas include actions that improve
community resilience, build capacity to respond to
climate impacts, and promote climate equity.
Most focus areas will include actions that provide both mitigation and resilience benefits.
Each action row contains the action ID, action name, brief action description (see the Appendices for detailed action descriptions), and icons that indicate the benefits and strengths of the action. Icons are included if an action scored a 4 or 5 (out of a high score of 5) in the given category in the multi-criteria analysis.
Impact Cost Feasibility Equity Co-benefits
Action has a high
potential to reduce key
GHG emissions and/or
improve resilience
Action has a relatively
low cost for the City
and/or community
members
Action is feasible and
aligns with existing City
goals
Action distributes
benefits equitably and
reduces vulnerability
Action supports the
green economy, public
health, and/or mobility
The Office of Sustainability will coordinate implementation of actions within each focus area, including creating and supporting partnerships with other City departments, local organizations, and regional partners.
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City & Local Economy (CE) | 27
CITY & LOCAL ECONOMY (CE)
Reduce City government greenhouse gas emissions
and inspire communitywide climate action through
outreach, engagement, and leadership.
Summary
The City of Pico Rivera, through this CAAP and
municipal-focused climate actions, aims to lead
by example within the Pico Rivera community and
broader region. This focus area includes actions
that target GHG emissions from the City’s municipal
operations, build and strengthen capacity and
partnerships, and develop and expand the local
green economy.
Strategies
• CE 1. Lead by example
• CE 2. Build a green economy
Pico Rivera Highlight
In 2021, the Pico Rivera Office of Sustainability
opened, expanding the City’s capacity to
implement climate and sustainability programs
and initiatives.
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City & Local Economy (CE) | 28
CITY & LOCAL ECONOMY STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Strategy 1. Lead by example
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits CE 1.1 City building emissions
reduction
Reduce GHG emissions in the City’s municipal buildings and establish related goals and targets
CE 1.2 City vehicle electrification Transition the City’s municipal vehicle fleet to all electric CE 1.3 Regional collaboration Continue to partner with local and regional groups to advance regional climate initiatives
CE 1.4 Action implementation Increase the Pico Rivera Office of Sustainability's capacity to advance sustainability goals and implement the CAAP
CE 1.5 Refrigerants management Minimize refrigerant emissions in City operations and the community
Strategy 2. Build a green economy
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits CE 2.1 Green workforce and training
opportunities
Offer sustainable economic development opportunities and green job training initiatives
CE 2.2 Sustainable business
certification
Recognize and promote businesses and nonprofits that use sustainable practices in their operations
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
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Buildings & Energy (BE) | 29
BUILDINGS & ENERGY (BE)
Goal
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings
through energy efficiency, electrification, and
transitioning to renewable energy sources.
Summary
Using electricity, natural gas, and
propane to power, heat, and cool
buildings creates GHG emissions
when electricity is produced using
fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or
natural gas. However, electricity
from renewable sources such as solar or wind does
not emit GHGs. In 2021, energy use in buildings
accounted for 33% of total emissions in Pico Rivera.
Strategies and actions that reduce these emissions
can also make buildings more comfortable, energyefficient, and resilient to climate change impacts.
Strategies
• BE 1. Increase energy efficiency
• BE 2. Promote building decarbonization
• BE 3. Increase renewable energy generation
Pico Rivera Highlight
In 2017, Pico Rivera launched the Pico Rivera
Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) utility,
providing cleaner energy at competitive rates and
enabling local control for targeted, sustainable
energy programs. In 2020, PRIME introduced a
distributed energy resources (DER) program to
lower GHG emissions and later announced the
PRIME Power Choice Solar and Battery Program
to make solar more accessible for residents. 33%
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
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Buildings & Energy (BE) | 30
BUILDINGS & ENERGY STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Strategy 1. Increase energy efficiency
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits BE 1.1 Energy audits and
benchmarking
Require energy and water audits to track building energy and water performance in large commercial and new residential buildings
Strategy 2. Promote building decarbonization
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits BE 2.1 Phased electrification for new
buildings
Implement electrification programs, followed by regulations, for new buildings
BE 2.2 Phased electrification for
existing buildings
Implement electrification programs, followed by regulations, for existing buildings
Strategy 3. Increase renewable energy generation
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits BE 3.1 Renewable energy generation
and access
Support renewable energy generation and access in
collaboration with PRIME
BE 3.2 Community solar and
microgrids
Develop, support, and incentivize community solar and
microgrid projects and programs
BE 3.3 Renewable electricity Increase renewable electricity consumption and procurement
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
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Transportation & Land Use (TL) | 31
TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE (TL)
Goal
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from
transportation and improve community mobility
through sustainable land use planning, accessible
multimodal transportation options, improved cycling
and pedestrian networks, and expanded electric
vehicle infrastructure.
Summary
Our community produces GHG
emissions from driving on-road
vehicles, such as cars and trucks,
and operating off-road equipment
and vehicles, such as those used
in construction and recreation.
These emissions are produced by the combustion
of gasoline and other fuels used to power cars and
equipment. In 2021, transportation was responsible
for 52% of total emissions in Pico Rivera.
By driving less, driving cleaner vehicles, and planning sustainably, Pico Rivera can reduce transportation
emissions while reducing traffic and air pollution.
Strategies
• TL 1. Promote multimodal transportation systems
• TL 2. Increase EV infrastructure and adoption
• TL 3. Promote sustainable land use planning
• TL 4. Decarbonize freight and aviation sectors
Pico Rivera Highlight
In 2020, the City launched Pico Rivera 2035:
Community Revitalization Program (PR 2035),
a series of infrastructure projects designed
to encourage holistic, smart, equitable, and
sustainable long-term community development
and economic growth. As part of PR 2035 in
2022, the City began working on the design and
construction of the Mines Ave Bikeway Project,
which aims to build a new bike lane and a bike/
pedestrian connection over the San Gabriel River.
52%
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Transportation & Land Use (TL) | 32
TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Strategy 1. Promote multimodal transportation system
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits TL 1.1 Commute Trip Reduction
program
Promote resources for Commute Trip Reduction (CTR)
TL 1.2 Active transportation access
and safety
Support and plan for active transportation (e.g., walking and biking), in alignment with existing plans and programs
TL 1.3 Micromobility services Expand micromobility services in the city (e.g., e-scooter, e-bike, and associated charging infrastructure) and encourage safe bicycling and micromobility user behavior
TL 1.4 Regional transit network
advocacy
Advocate to improve the frequency of service, connectivity of routes, and safety of the regional public transportation system
Strategy 2. Increase EV infrastructure and adoption
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits TL 2.1 EV Infrastructure Plan Create an EV Infrastructure Plan TL 2.2 EV Readiness Ordinance Analyze and propose new zoning and building code requirements for EV charging infrastructure and readiness TL 2.3 EV Education and Outreach Develop and implement an outreach campaign focused on EV adoption and use
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
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Transportation & Land Use (TL) | 33
Strategy 3. Promote sustainable land use planning
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits TL 3.1 Mixed-use, transit-oriented
development
Promote development standards that increase residential density and integrate affordable housing, in alignment with existing plans and policies
TL 3.2 Anti-displacement strategies Identify resident, tenant, and small business protection measures to reduce the risk of community displacement
TL 3.3 Environmental justice criteria Integrate criteria and priorities of environmental justice into zoning, land use planning, permitting policies, and City projects
Strategy 4. Decarbonize freight and aviation sectors
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits TL 4.1 Aviation and freight
decarbonization
Advocate for and engage in decarbonization of the regional aviation, freight, and rail sectors
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Materials & Consumption (MC) | 34
MATERIALS & CONSUMPTION (MC)
Goal
Reduce community waste generation and the
greenhouse gas emissions associated with the
consumption and disposal of goods and materials.
Summary
The transportation and disposal
of solid waste produces GHG
emissions, which accounted for 5%
of Pico Rivera’s emissions in 2021.
In addition to reducing emissions from solid
waste, the following strategies and actions can
support local businesses and reduce other negative
environmental impacts from the creation and
disposal of goods.
Strategies
• MC 1. Maximize waste diversion
• MC 2. Promote a circular economy
Pico Rivera Highlight
In 2023, the City began a multi-year rollout of
SB 1383 implementation and expanded waste
hauling services. This effort focuses on diverting
organic waste from landfills to address methane
emissions, a potent greenhouse gas that
significantly contributes to climate change and
global temperature rise.
5%
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Materials & Consumption (MC) | 35
MATERIALS & CONSUMPTION STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Strategy 1. Maximize waste diversion
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits MC1.1 Zero Waste Plan Develop and implement a Zero Waste Plan to reduce waste and improve recycling and composting in the city
MC1.2 Recycling and composting
education
Expand education, outreach, and technical assistance to promote recycling and composting
MC1.3 Food waste diversion program Expand the City's organic waste collection program, create a food waste education campaign, and support edible food recovery
Strategy 2. Promote a circular economy
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits MC2.1 Community reuse and
circularity
Support circularity and reuse through partnerships and
promotion of existing programs and services
MC2.2 Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing Policy
Implement an Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy MC2.3 C&D ordinance Consider requirements for reducing waste from construction and demolition (C&D)
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Natural Systems & Water Resources (NS) | 36
NATURAL SYSTEMS & WATER RESOURCES (NS)
Goal
Foster climate resilient natural landscape and
promote carbon sequestration by conserving water
resources and preserving and expanding open
space, critical habitats, and natural resources.
Summary
Natural systems and water resources can help us
combat climate change by sequestering carbon
and reducing the impacts from climate change.
The strategies and actions in this section can also
improve public health by improving air quality and
providing natural cooling for residents.
Strategies
• NS 1. Expand and protect natural systems
• NS 2. Enhance urban tree canopy and
sequestration
• NS 3. Improve water resource management
Pico Rivera Highlight
In 2018, the City of Pico Rivera released the
Urban Greening Plan to increase green spaces,
improve stormwater management, and guide
bicycle and pedestrian improvements. The City
is currently partnering with Los Angeles County
to revitalize the Rio Hondo Spreading Grounds
as a passive recreation amenity to foster vibrant
and sustainable riverfront development, enrich
the natural ecosystem, expand park spaces and
recreational opportunities, and boost regional
active mobility.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Natural Systems & Water Resources (NS) | 37
NATURAL SYSTEMS & WATER RESOURCES STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Strategy 1. Expand and protect natural systems
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits NS1.1 Protect and restore
ecosystems
Protect and restore ecosystems that sequester carbon and provide "buffers" during extreme weather events
Strategy 2. Enhance urban tree canopy and sequestration Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits NS2.1 Tree preservation ordinance Enforce and strengthen the City's tree preservation ordinance and establish a Community Forestry program
NS2.2 Tree planting outreach Promote tree planting through outreach and incentive programs
NS2.3 Urban greening Continue to implement the City's Urban Greening Plan to increase open space and urban forestry
Strategy 3. Improve water resource management
Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits NS3.1 Community water conservation Require the use of drought-tolerant landscaping and water conservation measures in new development and on City
property
NS3.2 Green stormwater
infrastructure
Encourage low-impact development and stormwater
management best practices
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Community Resilience & Wellbeing (CR) | 38
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE & WELLBEING (CR)
Goal
Ensure that all Pico Rivera residents are prepared
for current and future climate impacts.
Summary
The Pico Rivera community is already facing climate
change impacts, including hotter temperatures
and heatwaves, flooding, prolonged droughts, and
worsening air quality. By preparing the community
for these climate change impacts and expanding
community climate education, Pico Rivera can
become more resilient to climate change while
improving community members’ quality of life and
general wellbeing.
Strategies
• CR 1. Prepare the community to respond to
future climate impacts
• CR 2. Enhance community understanding of
climate change
Pico Rivera Highlight
In 2021, the City provided over 70 free Smart
Thermometers to residents to save money and
reduce electricity demand during extreme heat
events.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Community Resilience & Wellbeing (CR) | 39
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE & WELLBEING STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
Strategy 1. Prepare the community to respond to future climate impacts Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits CR1.1 Climate impacts resilience
strategy
Understand and prepare for climate impacts on the
community and city infrastructure
CR1.2 Flooding preparedness Promote community safety and infrastructure resiliency during extreme precipitation events
CR1.3 Sustainable food systems Expand local food security and the food-related economy Strategy 2. Enhance community understanding of climate change Action ID Action Name Brief Action Description Benefits CR2.1 Climate education and
awareness
Expand climate education initiatives for the Pico Rivera community
CR2.2 Equitable public participation
in climate planning
Actively seek input from communities that have historically been excluded from government and climate policy-making processes
CR2.3 Youth climate engagement Foster understanding of climate impacts and action within Pico Rivera's youth population
CR2.4 Energy-related outreach and
education
Encourage energy efficiency retrofits and building adaptation upgrades through an outreach and educational campaign
IMPACT COST FEASIBILITY EQUITY CO-BENEFITS
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Implementation Plan | 40
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Effective implementation of the CAAP requires planning and collaboration with local, regional, and state organizations, as well as the community and local businesses. This section outlines key considerations and a framework for successful CAAP implementation.
Oversight, Accountability, & Funding
• Annual Reporting: Prepare an annual report
for the City Council and community detailing
implementation progress, challenges, and overall
achievements.
• Budget and Work Plans: Develop budget and
work plan recommendations for the City Council
periodically, aligning with CAAP actions.
• Grants and Partnerships: Pursue grants and
partnership opportunities to support CAAP
actions.
• Advocacy: Identify CAAP-related advocacy items
for the City’s legislative priorities.
Monitoring, Evaluation, & Reporting
• GHG Inventory: Conduct a communitywide
greenhouse gas inventory every 5-8 years.
• Plan Updates: Update the CAAP every 5-8 years,
incorporating lessons learned, updated climate
science, and new or revised targets, strategies,
and actions.
• Public Reporting: Regularly update the City’s
CAAP webpage to keep the community informed,
involved, and aware of progress toward goals and
targets.
Pico Rivera Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
2025 CAAP
Implementation Plan | 41
Community Involvement
• Participation in Initiatives: Encourage community
members to participate in new and ongoing
climate initiatives.
• Education and Engagement: Promote equitable
public education and engagement campaigns,
encouraging the community to stay informed and
share opportunities.
• Volunteering: Invite community members to
volunteer for the implementation of CAAP
actions.
• Advocacy for Funding: Encourage community
engagement with local, regional, state, and
federal representatives to advocate for additional
funding.
Implementation Dashboard
• [Preview to be added]
Appendix A | A-1
APPENDIX A
Pico Rivera CAAP Strategy & Action Memorandum
Appendix A
Pico Rivera CAAP
Strategy & Action Memorandum
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-3
Climate Action Plan Strategy & Action Memorandum
City of Pico Rivera Climate Action Plan | July 2024
CONTENTS
Contents ................................................................................................................................................................................................ A-3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... A-4 Focus Areas........................................................................................................................................................................................... A-4 MCA Evaluation .................................................................................................................................................................................... A-5 Action List and MCA Results ............................................................................................................................................................. A-7 MCA Results Summary.................................................................................................................................................................... A-8 Draft Action List by Focus Area................................................................................................................................................... A-11 Detailed MCA Evaluation Criteria.................................................................................................................................................... A-28 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-4
INTR ODUCTION
This memorandum presents the final list of actions for consideration in the Pico Rivera Climate Action Plan (CAP). This action list represents the culmination of an iterative development and review process that included a review of City and regional plans and policies, a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory and wedge analysis, meetings and review by the City project team and staff, community engagement, and a qualitative multi-criteria prioritization analysis.
FOCUS AREAS
The draft prioritized action list is organized into six focus areas. The goal associated with each focus area summarizes the vision for each mode of climate action in the City.
Table 1. CAP Focus Areas
Focus Area Goal
City & Local Economy
(CE)
Reduce municipal greenhouse gas emissions and inspire communitywide climate action through outreach, engagement, and leadership.
Buildings & Energy
(BE)
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings through energy efficiency, electrification, and transitioning to renewable energy sources.
Transportation & Land
Use (TL)
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and improve community mobility through sustainable land use planning, accessible multimodal transportation options, improved cycling and pedestrian networks, and expanded electric vehicle infrastructure.
Materials &
Consumption (MC)
Reduce community waste generation and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the consumption and disposal of goods and materials.
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-5
Natural Systems &
Water Resources (NS)
Foster climate-resilient natural landscape and promote carbon sequestration by conserving water resources and preserving and expanding open space, critical habitats, and natural resources.
Community Resilience
& Wellbeing (CR)
Ensure that all Pico Rivera residents are prepared for current and future climate impacts.
STR ATEGY AND ACTION DEVELOP MENT
The following process was used to develop the CAP actions:
D evelop initial set of actions.
An initial set of actions was developed based on the City’s greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory results, the City's unique context and staff input during visioning sessions, a baseline policy review of existing City plans and achievements, current best practices and available science, peer city resources, and knowledge of community priorities.
R efine actions through staff feedback and qualitative analysis.
The initial action list underwent several rounds of City project team review to vet, revise, and prioritize actions. To further refine the list of actions, actions were evaluated through a multi-criteria analysis based on impact, cost, feasibility, equity, and co-benefits (see MCA Evaluation section for detailed methodology). Based on the qualitative analysis and feedback received from the City, approximately 43 actions moved forward for City staff and community member feedback.
Conduct quantitative analyses on a short list of actions.
The team performed a quantitative GHG wedge analysis, which provided an estimate of the emission reductions associated with key actions to provide a defensible plan for meeting the City’s emission reduction goals. Not all Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-6
actions were modeled, because some were not readily quantifiable, may have resulted in inconsequential GHG emission reductions, or may have more indirect benefits.
Gather community input on action list and identify priorities.
Community engagement for CAP actions centered around gathering community perspectives and feedback to inform the Plan’s development and guide decision-making, educating and engaging the community about climate issues, and strengthening community relationships with the City to facilitate and coordinate the Plan’s implementation. Feedback on CAP actions and community priorities were gathered through the following community engagement touchpoints:
• February 2024 Community Listening Session
• April 2024 Youth Climate Meeting
• May 2024 Community Listening Session
• Two tabling efforts at local events
Refine updated actions with City staff and plan for implementation.
During the Spring of 2024, the CAP project team met with staff from various City departments to review climate action planning process and progress to date, discuss and refine the draft list of actions, and discuss implementation considerations. Action refinement focused on actions that stood out as a high priority, actions missing from the list, concerns about actions, and staff roles in implementing actions. Key staff also provided asynchronous feedback on the draft action list during a two week review period.
MCA EVALUATION
Cascadia conducted a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) for the City of Pico Rivera Climate Action Plan (CAP) draft actions.
The MCA assigns qualitative numerical scores to each evaluated action and criterion to arrive at an overall priority score for each action. Cascadia reviewed and prioritized 43 actions for inclusion in the CAP.
The MCA followed the steps outlined below:
1. Define analysis criteria and assign weights based on priorities identified by City staff, stakeholders, and the public. Utilize sub-criteria where appropriate to ensure comprehensive evaluation.
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-7
2. Develop qualitative score matrices to facilitate a consistent and objective ranking process. Assign scores to each strategy on a 1 to 5 scale based on criteria definitions and best practices, drawing from available literature, case studies, City context, engagement results, and consultant expertise. Cascadia recorded brief rationales for each action score for further substantiation.
3. Use priority scores to establish a prioritized shortlist of actions for inclusion in the CAP. We will consider the possibility of moving forward with all actions pending City feedback and ongoing community and stakeholder input.
The multi-criteria analysis results helped us determine near-term priorities and long-term measures to incorporate into the plan. Based on input from City staff, community feedback, best practices, and our expertise and experience, we used the following criteria to evaluate the draft actions supporting the Pico Rivera CAP. Weights are assigned to indicate the relative importance of each criterion to the City.
Table 2. MCA Criteria
Criterion Weight Definition
(Additional rows indicate sub-criteria)
Impact
20% What is the scope and likelihood that the action will reduce GHG emissions or enhance resiliency?
Does the action address a major need (i.e., high GHG emissions source or climate risk)? Cost 25% How costly is this type of action to the City and to community members? Feasibility 25% What is the City's level of control over implementation? Does the action align with existing City goals and initiatives?
Equity* 10%
Does the action reduce vulnerability for all populations? Are benefits distributed equitably across the community?
*No action that receives an equity score of lower than 3 will be proposed for the City’s CAP.
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-8
ACTION LIST AND MCA R ESULTS
MCA R esults Sum m ary
The following section presents a summary of MCA results in order from highest (5) total score to lowest (1) total score (Table 3). Following this summary table, the rest of the section provides the most updated list of actions and results of the MCA, organized by focus area and action ID. Throughout the section, darker green shading indicates higherscoring actions, while lighter green shading indicates lower priority scoring.
Table 3. MCA Results Summary
# Focus Area Action
ID Action Name Impact Cost Feasibility Equity Cobenefits Total 1 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 1.4 Regional transit network
advocacy 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 3.7 4.2
2 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 3.2 Anti-displacement strategies 2.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 4.2 3 Natural Systems &
Water Resources
NS 2.1 Tree preservation ordinance 3.8 5.0 5.0 3.0 2.8 4.1 4 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 3.3 Environmental justice criteria 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 3.7 4.1 5 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 3.1 Mixed-use, transit oriented
development 4.5 4.0 3.0 5.0 4.3 4.0
6 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 2.2 Equitable public participation
in climate planning 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.8 4.0
7 City & Local
Economy
CE 2.3 Sustainable business
certification 2.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.3 3.9
8 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 1.3 Micromobility services 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 4.3 3.9
Co-benefits 20% Does the action support the green economy, public health, and mobility? Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-9
# Focus Area Action
ID Action Name Impact Cost Feasibility Equity Cobenefits Total 9 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 2.3 Youth climate engagement
1.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.8 3.9
10 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 2.3 EV Education and Outreach 3.5 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 11 Natural Systems &
Water Resources
NS 2.2 Tree planting outreach 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 2.8 3.8
12 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 1.1 Commute Trip Reduction
program 3.5 4.0 5.0 3.0 2.8 3.8
13 Buildings & Energy BE 3.3 Renewable electricity 5.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.3 3.8 14 Buildings & Energy BE 3.1 Renewable energy generation and access 3.5 4.0 5.0 3.0 2.7 3.8
15 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 4.1 Aviation and freight
decarbonization 2.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.7 3.8
16 City & Local
Economy
CE 2.1 Green workforce and training
opportunities 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 3.3 3.8
17 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 2.4 Energy-related outreach and
education 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 3.2 3.7
18 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 1.3 Sustainable food systems
3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.2 3.7
19 Natural Systems &
Water Resources
NS 2.3 Urban greening 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.7
20 Materials &
Consumption
MC 1.2 Recycling and composting
education 2.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 2.7 3.6
21 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 2.1 Climate education and
awareness 2.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 2.8 3.5
22 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 1.2 Active transportation access
and safety 4.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5
23 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 1.1 Climate impacts resilience
strategy 4.8 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.5
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-10
# Focus Area Action
ID Action Name Impact Cost Feasibility Equity Cobenefits Total 24 Buildings & Energy BE 2.2 Phased electrification for existing buildings 5.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.5
25 City & Local
Economy
CE 1.3 Regional collaboration 1.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 2.3 3.5
26 Materials &
Consumption
MC 2.1 Community reuse and
circularity 1.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5
27 Natural Systems &
Water Resources
NS 3.1 Community water conservation 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.7 3.4 28 Materials &
Consumption
MC 1.3 Food waste diversion program 2.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.4 29 Natural Systems &
Water Resources
NS 3.2 Green stormwater
infrastructure 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.3 3.4
30 Buildings & Energy BE 2.1 Phased electrification for new buildings 4.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.4
31 Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
CR 1.2 Flooding preparedness
3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.7 3.4
32 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 2.2 EV Readiness Ordinance 4.0 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.7 3.3
33 Buildings & Energy BE 3.2 Community solar and
microgrids 3.5 2.0 4.0 5.0 2.7 3.2
34 Transportation &
Land Use
TL 2.1 EV Infrastructure Plan 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.7 3.2
35 City & Local
Economy
CE 1.4 Action implementation 2.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 3.2
36 Materials &
Consumption
MC 2.2 Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing Policy 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2
37 Buildings & Energy BE 1.1 Energy audits and
benchmarking 4.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.1
38 Materials &
Consumption
MC 2.3 C&D ordinance 2.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.0
39 City & Local
Economy
CE 1.5 Refrigerants management 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
4 0
City & Local
Economy
CE 1.2 Municipal vehicle
electrification 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-11
# Focus Area Action
ID Action Name Impact Cost Feasibility Equity Cobenefits Total 41 City & Local
Economy
CE 1.1 Municipal building emissions
reduction 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 2.3 2.9
42 Materials &
Consumption
MC 1.1 Zero Waste Plan 2.5 2.0 4.0 3.0 2.7 2.8
43 Natural Systems &
Water Resources
NS 1.1 Protect and restore
ecosystems 3.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.7
Draft Action List by Focus Area
Buildings & Energy
Buildings &
Energy
Goal: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings through energy efficiency, electrification, and transitioning to renewable energy sources.
1. Increase energy efficiency
2. Promote building decarbonization
3. Increase renewable energy generation
Action
ID
Action Name Description MCA
Score
Strategy 1. Increase energy efficiency
BE 1.1 Energy audits and
benchmarking
Require energy and water audits to track building energy and water performance in commercial and new residential buildings greater than 10,000 and 3,000 sq ft., respectively. Go beyond the state's Building Energy Benchmarking Program to implement reach codes that require energy assessments at time of sale for commercial and new residential properties, and at more regular intervals for large buildings.
3.08 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-12 Strategy 2. Promote building decarbonization
BE 2.1 Phased
electrification for
new buildings
In the short term, continue to enforce California’s 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards and incentivize electrification in new residential and commercial buildings. Offer incentives for all-electric new buildings through expedited permitting, tax exemptions, and rebates, prioritizing low-income housing. Evaluate a range of code components, including encouraging or requiring buildings to be EV charging infrastructure-ready and solar-ready.
Conduct a cost analysis to ensure no net cost increases for low- to mediumincome housing and cost burdened communities from building electrification code changes.
In the long term, explore the feasibility and potential impact, given state and regional regulations, of adopting an ordinance requiring all-electric buildings in new construction.
3.40 BE 2.2 Phased
electrification for
existing buildings
In the short term, work with Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) and Southern California Renewable Energy Network (SoCalREN) to perform a study for existing buildings to determine the feasibility and cost of electrification retrofits. Incentivize energy efficient and/or load-responsive appliances in existing buildings, and partner with utilities and community organizations to expand utility assistance and incentive programs and energy efficient technologies to reduce energy burden. Conduct outreach in the community, including for building owners and contractors, which communicates the health benefits and cost benefits of building electrification, such as improved indoor air quality from wildfire smoke and lower utility bills.
In the long term, transition the existing built infrastructure in the community to use 100% renewable electricity through an electrification ordinance. Build from existing state programs to incorporate affordable housing criteria into these requirements, such as zoning, permitting, or tax exemptions for 100% affordable housing, and develop measures (financial assistance, technical guidance, or incentives) to preserve housing affordability. Continue to educate the community on building electrification measures that mitigate the impacts of wildfire smoke on indoor air quality.
3.50 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-13 Strategy 3. Increase renewable energy generation
BE 3.1 Renewable energy
generation and
access
Collaborate with Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) to support collaborative procurement of distributed energy resources (DERs), reduce barriers of adoption, and decrease consumer costs. Promote equitable community engagement programs to assist residents in finding energy efficiency programs and available discounts or rebates through PRIME, especially for residents who are most vulnerable to climate impacts or cost burdened. Continue to enroll customers in the PRIME Community Choice Aggregate (CCA) program and Power Choice Program, which offers customers photovoltaic (PV) solar and battery storage at no upfront cost.
3.78 BE 3.2 Community solar
and microgrids
Continue to incentivize and facilitate an increase in community solar power infrastructure installation and usage, such as through PRIME's Power Choice Solar and Battery Program. In addition, identify potential partnerships and financing opportunities for microgrid development. This may be achieved by providing streamlined permitting, development benefits, rebates, or bulkpurchasing program for community solar projects. Work with local organizations to assist low-income communities in accessing affordable solar power, and site solar and microgrid projects in neighborhoods most vulnerable to climate impacts, such as the northern portion of the City, which faces higher risk from the effects of extreme heat.
3.23 BE 3.3 Renewable
electricity
Build on existing efforts to examine resource procurement and cost scenarios to ensure that Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) reaches 100% renewable electricity by 2030. Before 2030, automatically enroll all new customers in PRIME Future, a 100% renewable energy product. Ensure that increased use of renewable electricity benefit low-income communities most impacted by climate change and prevent raising utility rates or increasing the energy burden on these communities.
3.82 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-14 Transportation & Land Use
Transportation &
Land Use
Goal: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and improve community mobility through sustainable land use planning, accessible multimodal transportation options, improved cycling and pedestrian networks, and expanded electric vehicle infrastructure.
1. Promote multimodal transportation systems
2. Increase EV infrastructure and adoption
3. Promote sustainable land use planning
4. Decarbonize freight and aviation sectors
Action
ID
Action Name Description MCA
Score
Strategy 1. Promote multimodal transportation systems
TL 1.1 Commute Trip
Reduction
program
Partner with employers and community-based organizations to promote resources for Commute Trip Reduction (CTR). This includes promoting transit, biking, and ridesharing, existing incentive programs for employers, and incentives for employees, such as the LA County Regional Guaranteed Ride Home Program.
3.82 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-15 TL 1.2 Active
transportation
access and
safety
Align with the Gateway Cities Council of Governments (GCCOG) Strategic Transportation Plan (STP) Active Transportation Element, Pico Rivera's VMT Transportation Study, the City's Urban Greening Plan, and the results of the City's Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Hazard Mitigation Plan to support and plan for active transportation in the City by:
• Identifying gaps and challenges in the active transportation network to make walking and biking more accessible, safe, and connected throughout the city, especially for vulnerable road users such as people with disabilities, seniors, youth, pedestrians, cyclists.
• Following National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) guidelines to expand sidewalks, protected bike lanes, bike tool stations, safe street crossings, streetlights, and greenery along bike and walking paths.
• Considering and evaluating areas within public right of way to dedicate to other modes and active uses.
• Expanding sustainable land use through Complete Streets and Livable Streets principles, bike facilities, and pedestrian infrastructure through projects such as the Mines Ave Bikeway Project and the Durfee Avenue Corridor Plan.
• Organizing Open Street Events on main streets to promote active transportation through community-led initiatives.
• Ensuring that active transportation infrastructure is able to withstand the impacts of climate change and new infrastructure is not sited in locations vulnerable to flooding and other climate impacts.
3.50 TL 1.3 Micromobility
services
Expand micromobility services in the city such as e-scooter, e-bike, and associated charging infrastructure, and reference the City's Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Hazard Mitigation Plan to ensure charger locations and services are not in locations vulnerable to climate impacts. Conduct community outreach and education to encourage safe bicycling and micromobility user behavior.
Increase micromobility options for low-income communities by working with providers and by exploring subsidies and rebate programs.
3.87 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-16 TL 1.4 Regional transit
network
advocacy
Advocate to improve the frequency of service, connectivity of routes, and safety of the regional public transportation system to reduce dependency on single occupancy vehicles. Ensure new transit locations are not in areas prone to flooding and enhance the resilience of existing transit systems' resilience to climate impacts. Increase transit accessibility in communities currently lacking transit options, and enhance connectivity to services and opportunities for seniors, individuals with disabilities, and low-income residents. Continue to explore the potential to accommodate Metrolink, Amtrak, high-speed rail, and intermodal bus terminals in the city, and educate residents on the benefits of reducing highway traffic and emissions.
4.23 Strategy 2. Increase EV infrastructure and adoption TL 2.1 EV Infrastructure
Plan
Create an EV Infrastructure Plan that prepares Pico Rivera for the transition to EVs by mapping charging and infrastructure needs in areas that are not highly vulnerable to climate impacts, building from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Southern California Electric Vehicle Charging Station Study. Partner with a transportation planning organization to develop strategies and identify barriers for EV readiness in key locations, including public spaces, schools, businesses, multifamily homes, and underserved areas of the city. Align with the City's VMT Transportation Study to install onsite electric vehicle chargers in an amount beyond what is required by the California Green Building Standards (CalGreen 2025) at new buildings with designated parking areas (e.g., commercial, educational, retail, multifamily).
3.21 TL 2.2 EV Readiness
Ordinance
Analyze and propose new zoning and building code requirements for EV charging infrastructure and readiness to prepare the city for EV availability and usage.
Align with CAP Action BE 2.1 to explore requiring EV readiness for new and redeveloped single family homes and EV chargers in new multifamily and commercial buildings, with a focus on increased access for affordable housing units and cost-burdened residents.
3.31 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-17 TL 2.3 EV Education
and Outreach
Develop and implement a robust outreach campaign focused on EV adoption and use. Encourage EV network expansion by educating the community on available tax incentives and rebates for EV purchases, with a focus education and incentives specifically for lower-income residents.
EV rebate and incentive programs include:
• California Clean Vehicle Rebate (up to $7,000)
• SCE Clean Fuel Reward program (up to $1,000)
• SCE Charge Ready Installation rebate (up to $1,500)
• Federal Plug-In Electric Drive Vehicle Credit (up to $7,500)
3.83 Strategy 3. Promote sustainable land use planning
TL 3.1 Mixed-use,
transit oriented
development
Promote development standards that increase residential density and integrate affordable housing where feasible, prioritizing areas with low flood risk and incorporating flood protection measures such as green stormwater infrastructure. Align with the Pico Rivera General Plan, LA Metro's Transit Oriented Communities Policy, and the state’s Transit-Oriented Development Program to incentivize projects that promote higher densities and mixed-use development, especially in High Quality Transit Areas (HQTAs) identified in the City's Climate Vulnerability Assessment. Locate businesses and job hubs near transit routes to facilitate the decrease of single occupancy vehicle (SOV) travel and promote complete streets.
4.02 TL 3.2 Antidisplacement
strategies
Identify resident, tenant, and small business protection measures such as rent control policies, eviction protections, technical assistance, and affordable housing requirements to reduce the risk of community displacement as "greening" projects occur. Prioritize improvements to transit access, urban amenities, and social services for groups that are disproportionately vulnerable to impacts of climate change, including incorporating equity into projects and maintaining or adding affordable housing when feasible.
4.20 TL 3.3 Environmental
justice criteria
Integrate criteria and priorities of environmental justice into zoning, land use planning, permitting policies, and City projects. These criteria should seek to address the disproportionate environmental and health impacts exacerbated by climate change and ensure the equitable distribution of resources and benefits.
4.08 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-18 Strategy 4. Decarbonize freight and aviation sectors
TL 4.1 Aviation and
freight
decarbonization
Advocate for and engage in decarbonization of the regional aviation, freight, and rail sectors through measures such as:
• Educating residents on air travel alternatives for personal and business trips, such as regional trains or buses.
• Encouraging local advocacy groups and CBOs to support statewide aviation and rail decarbonization legislation, including using sustainable aviation fuel and adoption of fuel efficiency measures. • Advancing zero-emission ‘last-mile’ freight delivery strategies locally and advocating for zero emission urban freight systems at the state and national level.
• Promoting incentives and grants from The California Air Resources Board (CARB) and South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) for commercial EVs, businesses supporting zero emission freight systems, and zero emission delivery zones.
3.78 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-19 Materials & Consumption
Materials &
Consumption
Goal: Reduce community waste generation and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the consumption and disposal of goods and materials.
1. Maximize waste diversion
2. Promote a circular economy
Action
ID
Action Name Description MCA
Score
Strategy 1. Maximize waste diversion
MC1.1 Zero Waste
Plan
Develop and implement a Zero Waste Plan to reduce the generation of waste and increase waste reduction, recycling, and composting in the city. Expand current waste data tracking and reporting methods to establish new goals, including waste targets aligned with SB 1383. Consider mandatory requirements for composting/recycling of waste and perform a waste audit every 3-5 years to track progress.
2.83 MC1.2 Recycling and
composting
education
Work with NASA Services, Pico Rivera's provider of waste disposal and recycling services, to expand existing education, outreach, and technical assistance to promote recycling and composting among building owners, businesses, and residents. This may include providing technical assistance and incentives designed specifically for high waste generators, such as commercial businesses and multifamily properties. Through outreach training and educational materials, specifically promote the use of reusable cups and containers, increasing water refill stations, and promoting sustainable consumption mobile apps. In addition, ensure equitable access to waste services and benefits such as cost savings by developing equitable outreach materials and conducting targeted outreach to low-income residents in Pico Rivera.
3.58 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-20 MC1.3 Food waste
diversion
program
Continue to expand the City's organic waste collection program in alignment with SB 1383 requirements. To promote compliance, create a food waste education campaign and partner with cost-burdened communities to support a regenerative and sustainable local zero waste food economy. Support edible food recovery through volunteer coordination, transportation, refrigeration and food storage, and distribution systems to recover excess edible food.
3.42 Strategy 2. Promote a circular economy
MC2.1 Community
reuse and
circularity
Support circularity and reuse in the community by promoting fix-it clinics, "Buy Nothing" groups, local tool libraries, and NASA Services' Recycling Event and Annual Bulky Item Collection Week. Partner with entities such as Homeboy Industries that fix and re-sell equipment to promote a local, circular economy and build workforce development.
3.45 MC2.2 Environmentally
Preferable
Purchasing
Policy
Implement an Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy requiring that the City purchase environmentally preferred goods and services such as those that are low-carbon, energy- and water-efficient, locally sourced, reusable, and/or recyclable. In addition, support state-level policies that promote packaging with the lowest lifecycle GHG emissions and collaborate with regional waste haulers to develop plans to reduce local emissions from the collection, transport, and disposal of waste.
3.15 MC2.3 C&D ordinance Consider raising the City's Title 8 Health and Safety Code Construction & Demolition (C&D) diversion requirement, which mandates that portion of waste from construction and demolition projects be minimized, reused, or recycled.
Raise awareness about low-carbon and recycled building materials and set specific recycling goals for builders such as incorporating reusable and recycled materials in road construction. In addition, provide a toolkit for construction professionals on recycling, salvage, and deconstruction.
2.98 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-21 Natural Systems & Water Resources
Natural Systems &
Water Resources
Goal: Foster climate resilient natural landscape and promote carbon sequestration by conserving water resources and preserving and expanding open space, critical habitats, and natural resources.
• Expand and protect natural systems
• Enhance urban tree canopy and sequestration
• Improve water resource management
Action
ID
Action Name Description MCA
Score
Strategy 1. Expand and protect natural systems
NS1.1 Protect and
restore
ecosystems
Protect and restore ecosystems such as forests, rivers, urban parks, and other natural areas that sequester carbon and provide "buffers" during extreme weather events. Specific locations to focus efforts in the City may include the Whittier Narrows Natural Area, Rio Hondo Spreading Grounds, and San Gabriel River.
These "buffer" areas provide natural protection against extreme weather events such as floods, storms, and heat waves.
2.74 Strategy 2. Enhance urban tree canopy and sequestration NS2.1 Tree
preservation
ordinance
Align with Pico Rivera's General Plan to enforce and strengthen the City's tree preservation ordinance (Code of Ordinances Chapter 12.4). Establish a Community Forestry program that identifies goals for the protection and preservation of trees, prioritizes native, drought tolerant trees, and establishes specific performance standards for stewardship of public trees, such as pursuing a "Tree City USA" designation.
4.12 NS2.2 Tree planting
outreach
Partner with the California Urban Forests Council (CaUFC) and local community organizations to promote tree planting through outreach and incentive programs, focusing on reaching underserved and vulnerable communities.
3.82 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-22 NS2.3 Urban
greening
Continue to implement the City's Urban Greening Plan to increase open space and urban forestry, prioritizing improvements in areas identified by the City's Climate Vulnerability Assessment as most impacted by climate impacts such as extreme heat. Explore infrastructure projects to minimize heat island effects, decrease impervious surfaces, and increase park access and safety, including the addition of more drought-resistant trees/vegetation, play areas, solar panels, lights, and community spaces. Implement incentives, such as expedited permitting processes, to encourage developers to incorporate green spaces, parks, and community gardens in new housing complexes and mixed-use spaces, particularly for vulnerable communities within the city.
3.65 Strategy 3. Improve water resource management
NS3.1 Community
water
conservation
As part of SB 1383, enforce the City's Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) and continue to require the use of drought-tolerant landscaping and water conservation measures in new development and on City property. Encourage residents to plant native and climate appropriate plants and expand educational programs on rain gardens and the benefits of reusing rainwater and greywater. Work with the Water Replenishment District to facilitate education and workshops for landscaping professionals and the broader community on water conservation best practices and benefits, for both indoor water uses and landscaping. This may include providing technical assistance and incentives for installing irrigation improvements such as smart irrigations sensors and drip-irrigation systems.
3.43 NS3.2 Green
stormwater
infrastructure
Promote the City’s Urban Water Management Plan and Urban Greening Plan to encourage low-impact development and stormwater management best practices.
Continue to regulate construction and development activities to incorporate stormwater protection measures and best management practices in areas prone to flooding, in accordance with the City’s National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
3.42 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-23 Community Resilience & Wellbeing
Community
Resilience &
Wellbeing
Goal: Ensure that all Pico Rivera residents are prepared for current and future climate impacts.
1. Prepare the community to respond to future climate impacts
2. Enhance community understanding of climate change
Action
ID
Action Name Description MCA
Score
Strategy 1. Prepare the community to respond to future climate impacts CR1.1 Climate
impacts
resilience
strategy
Use Pico Rivera's Hazard Mitigation Plan and Climate Vulnerability Assessment to understand and prepare for climate impacts on the community and city infrastructure. This may include:
• Addressing projected climate effects for various drought phases in Southern California through coordination with the Pico Rivera Water Authority and Pico Water District. Align with NS 3.1 to include water conservation measures with incentives, information, and requirements for residents and businesses to adopt efficient water practices. Implement the Urban Water Management Plan to meet average and peak daily water demand, monitor water supply sources, and prepare community members and businesses for periods of stressed water supply.
• Promoting urban heat resilience by building off of the City's Urban Greening Plan and aligning with LA County's Urban Heat Island Reduction Plan. Align with NS 2.1, NS 2.2, NS 2.3, and NS 3.2 to promote land use policies that reduce heat-trapping surfaces, and implement urban design and greening policies for shade, cool pavements, and green stormwater infrastructure.
Collaborate with businesses, regional, and city departments to establish guidelines that ensure safe work in outdoor environments during extreme heat events and identifying locations/centers that can serve as resilience hubs and cooling centers for the community.
3.50 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-24 • Fostering collaboration with local agencies, residents, emergency management officials, and relevant partners to prepare for conditions of low air quality and wildfire smoke. Key components may include a community notification system, distributing and educating residents on personal protective equipment and air filters, and raising awareness of how residents can protect themselves against poor air quality during wildfire events.
CR1.2 Flooding
preparedness
Work with the Pico Rivera Emergency Management Division to promote community safety and infrastructure resiliency during extreme precipitation events. Extreme precipitation events, exacerbated by climate change, may increase the likelihood of flooding and dam failure - particularly for the Whittier Narrows Dam.
3.38 CR1.3 Sustainable
food systems
Expand local food security and the food-related economy to ensure that Pico Rivera communities have access to healthy, affordable, and climate-friendly foods. Increase the local food supply by continuing to promote community gardens, edible school yards, farmers markets, and green roofs.
3.68 Strategy 2. Enhance community understanding of climate change CR2.1 Climate
education
and
awareness
Pico Rivera communities most at risk to climate impacts include elderly residents and young children, communities that are linguistically isolated, individuals with preexisting health conditions, and residents who are cost-burdened and/or experiencing food insecurity.
The City should expand climate education initiatives for the Pico Rivera community, linking climate action with social equity and public health, and focusing efforts on particularly vulnerable populations throughout the city. Establish a climate outreach and education campaign that works to reduce confusion and skepticism around climate action and encourage individual sustainability efforts by partnering with community-based organizations and youth groups. Promote involvement in the Community's Emergency Response Team (CERT) to encourage more community members to become on-the-ground responders. Support state and federal legislation to expand and accelerate local climate mitigation and adaptation work and create a public platform for monitoring progress in CAP action implementation and GHG emissions reduction.
3.52 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-25 CR2.2 Equitable
public
participation
in climate
planning
Actively seek input from communities that have historically been excluded from government and climate policy-making processes through a community centered approach. Use guiding principles for equitable community engagement to regularly facilitate community meetings and advisory boards with a diverse set of participants and community-based organizations.
3.97 CR2.3 Youth
climate
engagement
Foster understanding of climate impacts and action within Pico Rivera's youth population through youth-focused events, social media, interactive meetings, listening sessions, and involvement in implementation activities. Promote climate knowledge exchange between formal and informal educational organizations including youth groups, schools, and nearby universities. Consider providing community service hours, course credit, and internships to incentivize youth connection around climate action.
3.87 CR2.4 Energyrelated
outreach and
education
Encourage energy efficiency retrofits and building adaptation upgrades through an outreach and educational campaign, emphasizing the ability of building retrofits to bolster public health and improve resilience to heat-related challenges. Consider leveraging the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) weatherization programs to educate businesses and building owners on potential costs, benefits, and available incentives for weatherization and efficiency upgrades. Focus on specific retrofits and technological options (e.g., retrofits to improve energy efficiency, passive solar design, shading, natural ventilation, weatherization, smart appliances, smart home hubs, energy efficient appliances, LED lighting, electric hot water heaters, stoves).
As part of the campaign, teach residents how to engage in decision-making regarding the ownership, generation, storage, distribution of, and transition to renewable energy. Provide information on available funding and assistance programs available to relieve the financial burden for low-income residents, such as those offered through California Alternative Rates for Energy (CARE), the federal Family Electric Rate Assistance (FERA) program, and Southern California Edison (SCE).
3.68 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-26 City & Local Economy
City & Local
Economy
Goal: Reduce municipal greenhouse gas emissions and inspire communitywide climate action through outreach, engagement, and leadership.
1. Lead by example
2. Build a green economy
Action
ID
Action Name Description MCA
Score
Strategy 1. Lead by example
CE1.1 Municipal
building
emissions
reduction
Lead by example to reduce GHG emissions and environmental impact from municipal building operations by setting a timeline to achieve the following goals:
• Retrofit City buildings with on-site solar and renewable energy storage systems.
• Perform energy and water audits to track building energy and water performance.
• Transition City facilities to become Triple Net Zero (Zero net energy, zero net waste, and zero net GHG emissions).
2.87 CE1.2 Municipal
vehicle
electrification
Transition the municipal vehicle fleet to all electric, where feasible. Continue to pursue local, state, and federal funding to acquire EVs for the municipal fleet and site additional EV charging stations for private and public use.
2.92 CE1.3 Regional
collaboration
Continue to partner with neighboring cities, the Southern CA Association of Governments (SCAG), Gateway Council of Governments, and other Los Angeles County groups to advance regional initiatives to expand and accelerate climate mitigation measures and increase community resilience to climate change.
3.47 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-27 CE1.4 Action
implementation
Increase the Pico Rivera Office of Sustainability's capacity to advance sustainability goals and implement the CAP. Roles may include:
• Coordinating with City departments and providing resources for implementing CAP actions.
• Seeking consistent and sufficient annual funding and exploring state/federal grants to implement Pico Rivera's CAP actions.
• Facilitating CAP action updates and tracking progress on ongoing sustainability efforts.
3.20 CE1.5 Refrigerants
management
Minimize refrigerant emissions by:
• Giving preference to low-carbon refrigerants and ensuring their proper disposal in municipal operations.
• Substituting outdated refrigerants with alternatives with lower global warming potentials in municipal operations.
• Assisting local businesses in enhancing efficiency and reducing emissions associated with refrigerants.
2.95 Strategy 2. Build a green economy
CE2.1 Green
workforce and
training
opportunities
Offer sustainable economic development opportunities and green job training initiatives to bolster the local workforce while investing in the development of frontline, underrepresented, and economically disadvantaged communities as well as local infrastructure. Collaborate with regional workforce and economic development organizations, such as the Pacific Gateway Workforce Innovation Network, to improve workforce resilience to extreme heat and establish green industry workforce development programs for community members disproportionately affected by climate change. Specific industries to prioritize may include renewable energy, green construction and building materials, water conservation, building retrofits, and public transportation.
3.77 CE2.2 Sustainable
business
certification
Provide recognition to and promote businesses and nonprofits that utilize sustainable practices in their operations and promote environmental awareness in the community. In addition, continue to collaborate with local businesses pursuing Green Business Plans or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certifications.
3.87 Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-28
DE TAILE D MCA E VALUATION CR ITE R IA
Based on input from City staff, community feedback, best practices, and our expertise and experience, we used the following criteria to evaluate the draft actions supporting the Pico Rivera CAP. Weights are assigned to indicate the relative importance of each criterion.
Criterion Weight Definition
(Additional rows indicate sub-criteria)
Impact
20% What is the scope and likelihood that the action will reduce GHG emissions or enhance resiliency?
Does the action address a major need (i.e., high GHG emissions source or climate risk)? Cost
25% How costly is this type of action to the City and to community members? Feasibility 25% What is the City's level of control over implementation? Does the action align with existing City goals and initiatives?
Equity 10%
Does the action address the needs of overburdened populations? Does the action reduce vulnerability for all populations? Are benefits distributed equitably across the community? Co-benefits 20% Does the action support the green economy, public health, and mobility? Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-29
Impact
The two proposed sub-criteria evaluate impact according to whether the action is focused on the City’s highestemissions sources and/or greatest climate risks, how broadly the strategy would affect the City/community, how likely it is the impact will be realized, the timeline of that impact, and the ease of measuring and tracking the impact.
Impact
Likely to address goals (i.e., scope and likelihood of
impact)?
Addresses a major emissions reduction or resilience
need?
1 Very Low – VOLUNTARY strategies (e.g.,
education/outreach) that INDIRECTLY reduce emissions
and/or enhance resilience; limited ability to scale; will be difficult to measure impact.
Addresses a very minor need – Mitigation: very low
emissions source (water & wastewater) Adaptation:
very low climate risk for City/community
2 Low – non-monetary incentives, regulation, or capital project that DIRECTLY reduce emissions and/or
enhance resilience; VOLUNTARY with ability to scale;
may be difficult to measure/track the impact.
Addresses a minor need – Mitigation: low emissions
source (solid waste)
Adaptation: low climate risk for City/community
3 Moderate – VOLUNTARY/indirect programs that
DIRECTLY reduce emissions and/or enhance resilience,
but with FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; likely able to
measure/track impact.
Addresses an average need – Mitigation: average
emissions source (natural systems) Adaptation:
average climate risk for City/community (risks to part
of the economy)
4 High – REGULATORY/INFRASTRUCTURE projects that
DIRECTLY reduce emissions and/or enhance resilience,
but with limited reach/scaling by any year or with broad reach/scale that will be realized IN/AFTER 2045; will be able to measure/track impact.
Addresses a higher-than-average need –
Mitigation: high emissions source (buildings & energy,
land use)
Adaptation: high climate risk for City/community
(indirect risks to overburdened communities)
5 Very High – REGULATORY/INFRASTRUCTURE projects
that DIRECTLY reduce emissions and/or enhance
resilience with broad reach/scale that will be realized BEFORE 2045; will be able to measure/track impact.
Addresses a very major need – Mitigation: very high
emissions source (transportation) Adaptation: very
high climate risk for City/community (direct risks to
overburdened communities)
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-30
Cost
The cost criterion focuses on financial costs to the City, costs to the community, and potential cost savings that may result from actions.
Cost
1 Very High – MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE/capital improvement project; generally >$10 million; and/or SIGNIFICANT costs to the City.
2 High – MODERATE INFRASTRUCTURE projects and large programs; generally $1-10 million; and/or SIGNIFICANT costs to SOME in the community.
3 Moderate – SMALL INFRASTRUCTURE projects and LARGER PLANS, policies, and small programs; $100K-1 million; and/or MODERATE costs across the community.
4 Low – SIMPLE policy changes, studies, and small plans; <$100K; and/or MINIMAL costs across the community and City.
5 Very Low – planning strategy or MINIMAL TO NO CITY GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT; City government may already be working on it; and/or will NOT present any additional costs to the community; may save money.
Feasibility
The feasibility criteria assess the degree of City control over an action’s success and the action’s alignment with existing City goals, policies, and plans.
• Political constraints include the level of City Council support, City staff support and capacity, the regulatory role and level of support from LA County and other cities, and regional policies, plans, programs, and initiatives (including opportunities for shared implementation).
• This criterion also considers alignment with the City’s strategic vision, which will increase the action’s ability to garner broad support and be implemented.
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-31
Feasibility
1 Very High Barriers – action currently UNVIABLE given current regulations, politics, community support, and/or technologies and anticipated opportunity windows. If encountered, challenges are VERY DIFFICULT or IMPOSSIBLE to overcome. Not identified in any existing City, County, and/or regional plan. 2 High Barriers – action LIKELY to encounter challenges given current regulations, politics, community support, and/or technologies and anticipated opportunity windows. If encountered, challenges are DIFFICULT to overcome.
Identified in existing City and/or regional plan but has been identified as having high barriers. 3 Moderate Barriers – action MAY encounter challenges given current regulations, politics, community support, and/or technologies and anticipated opportunity windows. If encountered, challenges are MODERATELY DIFFICULT to overcome. Identified in an existing City and/or regional plan, but no action yet. 4 Low Barriers – action UNLIKELY to encounter challenges given current regulations, politics, community support, and/or technologies and anticipated opportunity windows. If encountered, some or most challenges are RELATIVELY EASY to overcome. Related to an existing City and/or regional plan 5 Very Low Barriers – MINIMAL to NO challenges anticipated given current regulations, politics, community support, and/or technologies and anticipated opportunity windows. If encountered, most challenges are EASILY overcome.
Identified in existing City and/or regional plan.
Equity
The equity criterion focuses on how actions reduce vulnerability for all populations and groups, and if costs and benefits are equitably distributed among community members. Actions with an equity score of “Low” or “Very Low” will be revised to ensure that actions do not increase vulnerability or perpetuate inequities for members of the Pico Rivera community.
Equity
1 Very Low - action will DEFINITELY INCREASE vulnerability for ALL vulnerable populations and is UNFAIR to ALL.
ALL benefits and costs are accruing to different sectors of the community and are perpetuating historic inequities
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-32
2 Low - action DEFINITELY INCREASES vulnerability for SOME and is UNFAIR to SOME. SOME benefits and costs are accruing to different sectors of the community and are perpetuating historic inequities 3 Moderate – Action DOES NOT AFFECT VULNERABILITY or FAIRNESS. Action DOES NOT distribute benefits and costs in the community in a way that perpetuates historic inequities 4 High – Action DEFINITELY REDUCES vulnerability for SOME and is FAIR to SOME. MOST benefits are accruing to the sectors of the community that face historic inequities; other sectors of the community may accrue benefits as well
5 Very High – action will DEFINITELY REDUCE vulnerability for ALL and is FAIR to ALL. MOST or ALL benefits are accruing to the sectors of the community that face historic inequities; other sectors of the community accrue benefits as well.
Co-Benefits
Many actions will have benefits beyond reducing greenhouse gas emissions or building climate resilience. Based on City input and context, we have proposed public health, green economy, and mobility for evaluation in the MCA. • Public health: This co-benefit aligns with the City’s Strategic Plan to create a safe and thriving city with high standards for health and wellness for residents. Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, public health is a commonly evaluated co-benefit in climate action planning processes. To avoid double-counting, the equity components of public health are addressed in the equity criteria. • Green economy: A green economy preserves ecosystem functions while maintaining or strengthening quality of life; it achieves balance between forms of capital (i.e., natural, human, economic) and generates jobs and livelihoods locally and regionally that support greening the entire economy. This co-benefit aligns with the City’s strategic plan to creatively plan for growth and engage the business community to transform the city as an economic and cultural hub. Since other criteria evaluate natural and human capital, we focus this sub-criterion on the economic components of the green economy (jobs, infrastructure, markets). • Mobility: Climate actions with strong mobility co-benefits can support accessibility, efficiency, and opportunities for people to move throughout Pico Rivera and the region. This co-benefit aligns with the City’s Strategic Vision to facilitate public infrastructure improvements that enhance safety, accessibility, and mobility Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-33
for residents. Increased transportation access and affordability is critical to building healthy and sustainable communities.
Co-benefits
Supports Public Health Supports Green Economy Supports Mobility 1 Very low – NO to MINIMAL
support for public health and
may negatively affect public
health.
Very low - NO to MINIMAL investment in green
jobs, infrastructure, and markets for City
residents/businesses; NOT TARGETED or is
minimally targeted to the City’s most
promising green sectors (including education
and workforce training).
Very low – NO to MINIMAL
support for mobility and may
negatively affect mobility.
2 Low – benefits the public health
of SOME, but the benefits are
likely short-term (i.e., <1 month).
Low – SOME investment in green jobs,
infrastructure, and markets for City
residents/businesses, but investment is NOT
TARGETED or is minimally targeted to the
City’s most promising green sectors (including
education and workforce training).
Low – INDIRECTLY supports
mobility; may be limited in
reach/scale
3 Moderate – benefits the public
health of SOME for some time
(i.e., 1 month to a few years) or
benefits the public health of a
SIGNIFICANT portion of the
population, but the benefits are
likely short-term (i.e., <1 month).
Moderate – SOME investment in green jobs,
infrastructure, and markets for City
residents/businesses; SOME investment is
TARGETED to the City’s most promising green
sectors (including education and workforce
training).
Moderate – DIRECTLY
supports SOME mobility,
which may not be critical or
high-priority.
4 High – persistently benefits the
public health of SOME (i.e., 5+
years) or benefits the public
health of a SIGNIFICANT portion
of the population for some time
(i.e., 1 month to a few years).
High – SIGNIFICANT investment in green jobs,
infrastructure, and markets for City
residents/businesses; SIGNIFICANT investment
is TARGETED to the City’s most promising
green sectors (including education and
workforce training).
High – SIGNIFICANTLY and
DIRECTLY supports SOME
mobility in areas that are
deemed CRITICAL or HIGHPRIORITY.
Appendix A. Pico Rivera Strategy & Action Memo | A-34
5 Very high – persistently benefits
the public health of a
SIGNIFICANT portion of the
population (i.e., >5 years).
Very high – VERY SIGNIFICANT investment in
green jobs, infrastructure, and markets for
City residents/businesses; MOST or all
investment is TARGETED to the City’s most
promising green sectors (including education
and workforce training).
Very high – SIGNIFICANTLY
and DIRECTLY supports
mobility for MANY
community members or
SIGNIFICANTLY and
DIRECTLY supports mobility
for CRITICAL or HIGHPRIORITY communities.
Appendix B | B-1
APPENDIX B
Pico Rivera Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Inventory Summary Report
Appendix B
Pico Rivera CAAP Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Inventory Summary
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Inventory Summary Report
City of Pico Rivera Climate Action Plan | February 2024
CONTENTS
Contents............................................................................................................................. 3 Key Terms & Acronyms ................................................................................................... 4 Background ........................................................................................................................ 5 Summary of Inventory Findings..................................................................................... 6 Inventory Results & Trends by Sector.......................................................................... 8 Building Energy.............................................................................................................. 8 Transportation............................................................................................................. 10 Solid Waste.................................................................................................................. 12 Refrigerants.................................................................................................................. 14 Wastewater.................................................................................................................. 15 Potable Water.............................................................................................................. 16 Urban Carbon Sequestration Analysis ........................................................................17 Recommendations .........................................................................................................23 Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-4
KEY TERMS & ACRONYMS
Carbon sequestration: The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Climate change: The long-term change in climate patterns due to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, primarily produced by human activities.
Emission factor: A value that describes the rate at which a given activity releases greenhouse gases (GHGs).
Global warming potential (GWP): A measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a given time period, relative to carbon dioxide (CO2).
Greenhouse gases (GHGs): Heat-trapping gases that warm the atmosphere and cause climate change, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e): A unit of measurement that represents an amount of a greenhouse gas whose impact on climate change has been standardized to that of one unit of carbon dioxide (CO2), based on the global warming potential (GWP) of the gas.
Off-road and non-road vehicles: Vehicles and equipment used for off- or nonroad purposes, such as for construction, agriculture, and lawn and garden.
Refrigerants: Substances used in cooling systems, such as refrigeration and air conditioning, that contribute to climate change when released into the atmosphere.
Vehicle miles traveled (VMT): The total miles of vehicle travel in a geographic area over a given time.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-5
BACKGROUND
The City of Pico Rivera is taking action against climate change by creating a Climate Action Plan (CAP). The CAP will provide a roadmap of strategies and actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and build resiliency, informed by the best available science, local and regional policy context, and community goals and needs. The City contracted with Cascadia Consulting Group (“Cascadia”) in July 2023 to begin the planning process.
Climate change is caused by the greenhouse gas effect, where GHGs trap heat from the sun, which increases the average surface temperature of the planet, just like a greenhouse roof traps heat from sunlight inside a room. GHGs from human activities have been collecting in the atmosphere since the 1800s and are warming the climate more each year. Climate change affects rain and snow patterns, wildfire severity, frequency of extreme heat and droughts, and more.
This memo is one of the first steps to develop the Climate Action Plan. To minimize its contributions to climate change, the City first needs to understand where its emissions come from. The City conducted greenhouse gas inventories in 2023 for the calendar years 2019 and 2021.1 The City also conducted a high-level carbon sequestration analysis to better understand the sequestration potential of its urban trees.
The consultant team will combine the GHG inventory results with results from other ongoing information-gathering efforts to form a list of climate actions.
These ongoing efforts include:
• A policy review documenting regional and City climate-related goals, policies, and programs.
• A vulnerability assessment, which will document climate risks and the resulting vulnerabilities to Pico Rivera communities and infrastructure. • A wedge analysis, which will estimate the GHG emissions reductions to be achieved by state and regional policies and highlight the remaining gaps for City strategies to address.
• Community and City staff engagement, which will gather priorities, feedback, and ideas for climate action and resilience.
These items will help the City develop impactful CAP targets, goals, and measures. See Recommendations for an initial list of high-level actions that the City can consider based on the inventory findings.
1 These inventories were conducting using the U.S. Community Protocol, which is considered the industry standard for geographic communitywide inventories.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-6
SUMMARY OF INVENTORY FINDINGS
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 371,169 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) in 2019 and 378,983 MTCO2e in 2021. 2As
shown in Figure 1, Pico Rivera’s communitywide emissions increased 2% between 2019 and 2021.
• Transportation was the largest
source of 2021 communitywide
emissions (responsible for 52% of
total emissions), followed by
building energy (33% of total
emissions).
• The remaining 2021 emissions
came from refrigerants (9%),
solid waste (5%), wastewater
(<1%), and potable water
conveyance (<1%).
• Building energy, transportation,
solid waste, refrigerants, and
potable water emissions
increased between these years
and wastewater emissions
decreased slightly.
Figure 1 and
Figure 2 show total communitywide emissions by source for 2019 and 2021. 2 United States Environmental Protection Agency | Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator What do these numbers mean?2
Pico Rivera’s 2021 emissions
(378,983 MTCO2e) are equivalent to:
- the emissions produced by
90,199 gasoline-powered
passenger vehicles driven for
one year.
OR
- the carbon sequestered by
6,266,516 tree seedlings
grown for 10 years.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-7 Figure 1. Total communitywide greenhouse gas emissions over time.
Figure 2. Communitywide GHG emissions over time, by source. -
40,000
80,000
120,000
160,000
200,000
Building Energy Transportation Solid Waste Refrigerants Wastewater & Water
MTCO2e
2019 2021
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-8
INVENTORY RESULTS & TRENDS BY SECTOR
Building Energy
The consumption of electricity, natural gas, and propane to power, heat, and cool buildings produces GHG emissions. When electricity is produced using fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or natural gas, it releases GHG emissions; however, when electricity is produced using renewable sources such as solar or wind, it does not produce GHG emissions.
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 124,499 and 125,498 MTCO2e from building energy consumption in 2019 and 2021, respectively. In 2021, building energy was responsible for 33% of total emissions.
• In 2021, 61% of building energy emissions came from electricity consumption, 38% came from natural gas consumption, and 1% came from propane consumption.
• Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) and SoCal Edison (SCE) provide electricity in Pico Rivera. SCE delivers PRIME electricity to customers.
• Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) provides natural gas in Pico Rivera.
• This analysis also includes emissions from propane, using data provided by the U.S. Energy Information Administration and the U.S. Census.
Trends
From 2019 to 2021, emissions from building energy increased 1%. • Electricity emissions increased 4% between 2019 and 2021, due to an increase in kilowatt-hours (kWh) consumed by the community. • Natural gas emissions decreased 6% during the same period, mirroring the 6% decrease in natural gas usage.
• Propane emissions increased 148% between 2019 and 2021 due to an increase in propane consumption; however, propane emissions made up only 1% of total building energy emissions in 2021.
• These increases and decreases are shown below in Figure 3, • Figure 4, and Figure 5, noting contributions from different sectors for electricity and natural gas.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-9 Figure 3. Communitywide electricity emissions over time by residential, commercial, and industrial & agricultural usage.
Figure 4. Communitywide natural gas emissions over time by residential, commercial, and industrial usage and fugitive emissions3
3 Fugitive emissions refer to the GHG emissions from natural gas transportation and distribution.
0 20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
2019 2021
MTCO2e
Residential Commercial Industrial & Agricultural
0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2019 2021
MTCO2e
Residential Commercial Industrial Fugitive (All Sectors) Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-10 Figure 5. Communitywide propane emissions over time.
Methodology Notes
• These inventories include transmission and distribution losses from grid electricity and fugitive emissions from natural gas consumption—GHGs emitted during the transportation of energy.
• Electricity used to treat and convey potable water was removed from the “Building Energy” sector to avoid double-counting; potable water electricity emissions are included in the Potable Water section below. • The inventories used utility-specific emission factors for PRIME and SCE published by the California Energy Commission for 2021.4 The California Energy Commission did not publish emission factors for 2019, so the 2021 values were used in both inventory years.
• PRIME offers multiple energy programs: PRIME Power provides customers a standard energy product of 50% renewable energy and PRIME Future provides customers with 100% renewable energy content. 5 Electricity data was not separated by “Power” and “Future” consumption, so these inventories used the reported emission factor for the PRIME Power program.
Transportation
Transportation emissions in Pico Rivera include those from on-road vehicles, such as cars and trucks, and off-road equipment and vehicles, such as those 4 California Energy Commission | Annual Power Content Labels for 2021 5 Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy | Your Choice Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-11 used in construction and recreation. The combustion of gasoline and other fuels produces GHG emissions.
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 194,587 and 198,553 MTCO2e from transportation in 2019 and 2021, respectively. In 2021, transportation was responsible for 52% of total emissions.
Trends
From 2019 to 2021, emissions from transportation increased 2%. • This increase was primarily due to an increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT). While on-road vehicle miles traveled increased 6%, emissions increased only 2% because of improved fuel efficiency of cars. • Off-road emissions decreased 14% between 2019 and 2021 but comprised only 5% of total transportation emissions in 2021. • The changes over time in emissions from transportation are shown below in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Communitywide on- and off-road transportation emissions over time.
Methodology Notes
On-Road Emissions
The Cascadia project team modeled 2019 and 2021 on-road emissions using California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) EMFAC2021 model’s Los Angeles County VMT data. The team scaled the data down to Pico Rivera using -
40,000
80,000
120,000
160,000
200,000
On-road Off-road
MTCO2e
2019 2021
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-12 California Highway Performance mileage. The team used default MPGs by vehicle class to convert VMT data to fuel usage, then applied emission factors from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to derive emissions.
Off-Road Emissions
The Cascadia project team calculated emissions from off-road vehicles and equipment using CARB’s EMFAC2021 model. City staff and consultants selected which vehicle and equipment types were included in this analysis to ensure that it most accurately reflected Pico Rivera’s off-road profile. This analysis included the following categories of vehicles and equipment for each inventory year:
• Construction and Mining
• Industrial
• Lawn and Garden
• Light Commercial
• Portable Equipment
• Recreational (golf carts only)
• Transport Refrigeration Unit
• Rail Cargo Handling Equipment
• Locomotive
Solid Waste
This inventory describes emissions from disposal of solid waste, including transportation of waste to disposal facilities and decomposition of material. A significant portion of GHG emissions occurs during the production and transport of goods and services, before most items reach the city’s borders;6 however, these emissions are not in the scope of this inventory.
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 18,727 and 20,312 MTCO2e from solid waste in 2019 and 2021, respectively. In 2021, solid waste was responsible for 5% of total emissions.
Trends
From 2019 to 2021, emissions from solid waste increased 8% (Figure 7). • This increase was due mainly to an increase in both residential and commercial landfill tonnage (tons of waste disposed to landfill) between 2019 and 2021.
6 Oregon DEQ | Waste Impact Calculator Web App
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-13 • Recycling emissions increased by 74%, due to a significant increase in commercial recycling tonnage; however, recycling emissions only comprised 1% of solid waste emissions in 2021.
• Compost tonnage and emissions remained relatively stable between the two years analyzed.
Figure 7. Communitywide solid waste emissions over time, broken out by landfill, compost, and recycling.
Methodology Notes
• The Cascadia project team calculated solid waste emissions using collected activity data, CalRecycle solid waste characterization studies, and emission factors from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s WARM tool.7
• It is important to note that these emissions do not occur within Pico Rivera’s geographic boundaries; however, the emissions stem from activities that occur within Pico Rivera’s boundaries. Although the City government and community members do not have direct control over these solid waste emissions, the City of Pico Rivera wanted these inventory efforts to be as comprehensive as possible, which is why this emission source was included.
7 United States Environmental Protection Agency | Waste Reduction Model (WARM) -
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
Landfill Compost Recycling
MTCO2e
2019 2021
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-14 Refrigerants
Refrigerants are used in freezers, chillers, building and facility air conditioning, and heat pumps and produce emissions through manufacturing and leakage.
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 31,746 and 32,912 MTCO2e from refrigerants in 2019 and 2021, respectively. In 2021, refrigerants were responsible for 9% of total emissions.
Trends
From 2019 to 2021, emissions from refrigerants increased 4% (Figure 8).
Emissions from refrigerants were scaled from national data, so this estimated increase may not accurately reflect Pico Rivera’s true refrigerant consumption; average nationwide per-person refrigerant emissions increased from 2019 to 2021, so Pico Rivera’s estimates mirror this trend. Although the data is imperfect, it is the most reliable source available for communitywide refrigerant emissions. Additionally, a warming climate can result in an increase in refrigerant emissions due to greater use of equipment such as air conditioning units used to combat excessive heat.
Figure 8. Communitywide refrigerant emissions over time.
Methodology Notes
These emissions were calculated for Pico Rivera’s inventories using population data and nationwide emissions from refrigerants, reported by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2019 2021
MTCO2e
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-15 Wastewater
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 605 and 599 MTCO2e from wastewater in 2019 and 2021, respectively. In 2021, wastewater was responsible for 0.2% of total emissions.
Pico Rivera’s wastewater is processed by Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. The wastewater treatment process produces nitrous oxide emissions.
Trends
From 2019 to 2021, emissions from wastewater decreased 1% (Figure 9). This decrease is due to a decrease in Pico Rivera’s population.
Figure 9. Communitywide wastewater emissions over time.
Methodology Notes
• Specific wastewater process emissions data was unavailable, so the Cascadia team estimated emissions using wastewater process emissions equations from the U.S. Community Protocol. Estimated emissions include process N2O emissions from centralized wastewater treatment plants with nitrification/denitrification and fugitive N2O emissions from effluent discharge, based on conversations with Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts.
• Data necessary to estimate energy use from wastewater processing was unavailable, so wastewater energy emissions were excluded from this analysis.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-16 • It is important to note that these emissions do not occur within Pico Rivera’s geographic boundaries; however, the emissions stem from activities that occur within Pico Rivera’s boundaries. Although the City government and community members do not have direct control over these wastewater process emissions, the City of Pico Rivera wanted these inventory efforts to be as comprehensive as possible, which is why this emission source was included.
Potable Water
Pico Rivera’s residents, businesses, and visitors generated 1,005 and 1,110 MTCO2e from electricity used for potable water conveyance in 2019 and 2021, respectively. In 2021, potable water was responsible for 0.3% of total emissions.
Trends
From 2019 to 2021, emissions from potable water conveyance increased 10% (Figure 10).
Figure 10. Communitywide potable water emissions from electricity use over time.
Methodology Notes
To avoid double-counting, emissions from electricity used for potable water conveyance were subtracted from electricity emissions calculated in the Building Energy section above. Potable water emissions include electricity transmission and distribution loss emissions.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-17
URBAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION ANALYSIS
The sequestration benefits of Pico Rivera’s urban forests were analyzed using U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service’s “i-Tree Canopy” software. The tool randomly generates sample points within the analysis boundaries, and the user classifies each point based on the landcover type, shown using Google Maps aerial photography. The tool conducts a high-level sequestration analysis and estimates other benefits of a city’s urban forest, based on the land classification.
8 Results
The results of the i-Tree Canopy analysis indicated that just under 10% of Pico Rivera’s land mass is covered by trees, sequestering approximately 2,845 MTCO2e per year and storing an additional 71,452 MTCO2e (Table 1). In addition to carbon sequestration benefits, trees within Pico Rivera removed 43,581 pounds of air pollutants, such as particulate matter and carbon monoxide (Table 2), and diverted 294 million gallons of water runoff (Table 3).
Table 1. Pico Rivera tree canopy carbon sequestration and storage.
Description Carbon
(T)
±SE CO₂
Equiv. (T)
±SE Value (USD) ±SE
Sequestered
annually in trees
776 ±116 2,845 ±427 $132,338 ±19,853
Stored in trees 19,487 ±2,923 71,452 ±10,719 $3,323,494 ±498,593 Table 2. Pico Rivera tree canopy air quality pollutant removals.
Abbr. Description Amount (lbs) ±SE Value
(USD)
±SE
CO Carbon Monoxide
removed annually
512.56 ±76.89 $22 ±3
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide removed
annually
2,794.87 ±419.29 $38 ±6
O3 Ozone removed annually 27,835.66 ±4,175.93 $1,955 ±293 SO2 Sulfur Dioxide removed
annually
1,761.26 ±264.22 $7 ±1
PM2.5 Particulate Matter less
than 2.5 microns removed
annually
1,352.58 ±202.92 $4,041 ±606
PM10* Particulate Matter greater
than 2.5 microns and less
than 10 microns removed
annually
9,323.91 ±1,398.78 $1,419 ±213
8 i-Tree Canopy | References
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-18 Abbr. Description Amount (lbs) ±SE Value
(USD)
±SE
Total 43,580.84 ±6,538.03 $7,481 ±1,122
Table 3. Pico Rivera tree canopy water impacts.
Abbr. Description Amount
(Mgal)
± SE Value
(USD)
± SE
AVRO Avoided Runoff 293.95 ±44.10 $3 ±0
E Evaporation 24,268.90 ±3,640.84 N/A N/A
I Interception 24,404.72 ±3,661.21 N/A N/A
T Transpiration 32,839.57 ±4,926.62 N/A N/A
PE Potential Evaporation 183,896.12 ±27,588.24 N/A N/A
PET Potential Evapotranspiration 150,043.85 ±22,509.70 N/A N/A Considerations
This carbon sequestration analysis represents a high-level estimate of annual land carbon sequestration in Pico Rivera. Data limitations and other considerations include:
• Tree generalization: This approach does not explicitly differentiate between tree types, but assumes that all trees sequester an average, representative amount of carbon every year.
• Statistical sampling: This approach extrapolates a statistical sampling of an area, rather than analyze the area in its entirety, which inevitably results in some level of statistical uncertainty and imprecision.
Methodology Notes
i-Tree Canopy (version 7.1) estimates tree cover and tree benefits for a given area with a random sampling process to easily classify ground cover types. For this study, the i-Tree Canopy tool used ground cover types “Tree/Shrub,” “Grass/Herbaceous,” “Impervious Buildings,” “Impervious Roads,” “Impervious Other,” “Soil/Bare Ground,” and “Water.” Pico Rivera’s boundaries were selected from the pre-existing geographic boundaries in the program. The program randomly sampled 400 data points across the ground cover types to estimate sequestration benefits. The following figures serve to visualize the study’s methodology:
• Figure 11: Selected city boundaries for the Pico Rivera study using predefined U.S. Census Places outlines.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-19 • Figure 12: Estimated land cover in Pico Rivera in 2023, using random sampling from the i-Tree Canopy software with 400 data points classified as different land cover types.
• Figure 13. Selected project location and sequestration benefits for the Pico Rivera study. The Pico Rivera study used the Los Angeles County pre-set feature with urban land chosen. The air pollution benefits are shown in terms of removal rate of each pollutant. Figure 14. Example of tree cover area in the random sampling classification exercise. • Figure 15. Example of non-tree area in the random sampling classification exercise.
Figure 11: Selected city boundaries for the Pico Rivera study using pre-defined U.S. Census Places outlines.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-20 Figure 12: Estimated land cover in Pico Rivera in 2023, using random sampling from the i-Tree Canopy software with 400 data points classified as different land cover types.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-21 Figure 13: Selected project location and sequestration benefits for the Pico Rivera study. The Pico Rivera study used the Los Angeles County pre-set feature with urban land chosen. The air pollution benefits are shown in terms of removal rate of each pollutant.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-22 Figure 14: Example of tree cover area in the random sampling classification exercise.
Figure 15: Example of non-tree area in the random sampling classification exercise.
Appendix B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Summary Report | B-23
RECOMMENDATIONS
These GHG emissions inventories and sequestration analysis will give the City a starting point to determine how to focus its climate action efforts for the greatest emission reductions. This section presents high-level recommendations that the consultant team will refine and ultimately use to develop an initial list of climate action strategies.
The largest sources of emissions in 2021 were transportation (45% of total emissions) and building energy (42% of total emissions). Within the building energy source, 73% of 2021 emissions came from electricity consumption.
Potential strategies to address transportation and building energy emissions include:
• Expand infrastructure and resources for alternative modes of transportation, including public transit, walking, and biking. • Expand electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure and adoption. • Improve energy efficiency of buildings to reduce electricity and natural gas consumption.
• Increase the use of renewable energy.
• Promote building electrification upgrades and retrofits. • Expand participation in the PRIME Future electricity program.
High-level strategies to address other emission sources and maximize urban carbon sequestration include:
• Increase solid waste diversion and reduce overall waste. • Encourage low carbon refrigerants and proper refrigerant disposal. • Reduce wastewater runoff through green stormwater infrastructure. • Maintain existing urban tree canopy.
• Plant new trees, prioritizing areas that experience extreme heat or have existing environmental or health disparities.
Note that these recommendations focus only on the sources analyzed in the GHG inventories and sequestration analysis; the City’s strategy and action list should include a broader and more comprehensive set of measures.
Appendix C | C-1
APPENDIX C
Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast
Memo
Appendix C.
Pico Rivera CAAP Emission
Forecast Memo
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-3 Pico Rivera CAAP Emission
Forecast Memo
WEDGE ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
Cascadia completed a customized wedge analysis that forecasts anticipated future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and depicts emission reduction scenarios for Pico Rivera’s communitywide GHG emissions. This wedge estimates the following scenarios, which can provide context for selecting GHG emissions reduction targets:
● Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which forecasts emissions based on Pico Rivera’s 2021 GHG emissions profile and growth assumptions, assuming no climate action at the local, state, or federal level. ● Adjusted business-as-usual (ABAU) scenario, which accounts for the expected emissions impacts of key federal and state policies (still assuming no climate action at the local level).
● Action scenario, which models the expected impact of key Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (CAAP) actions on the remaining emissions.
These scenarios are described in detail below and presented in Figure 1 and Table 1. Key takeaways include:
● Without federal, state, or local climate action, Pico Rivera’s total GHG emissions are expected to increase 13% from 2021 to 2045, equivalent to a 23% increase from a 1990 baseline.
● When considering the anticipated impacts of state and federal policies, Pico Rivera’s total GHG emissions are expected to decrease 73% from 2021 to 2045, equivalent to a 71% decrease from a 1990 baseline. ● When considering the anticipated impacts of seven key CAAP actions, Pico Rivera’s total GHG emissions are expected to decrease 91% from 2021 to 2045, also equivalent to a 91% decrease from a 1990 baseline.
This model visualizes the following emission reduction targets (compared to a 1990 baseline):
● 40% by 2030
● 100% by 2045
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-4 Figure 1. Pico Rivera’s BAU and ABAU emissions forecast through 2045 (MTCO2e).
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-5 Table 1. Summary of emissions forecast estimates (in MTCO2e).
Description 2021 2030 2045
Business-as-usual (BAU) emissions – emissions forecast
based on Pico Rivera’s 2021 GHG emissions profile,
assuming no climate action (programs, policies, standards) at the local, state, or federal level.
378,981 400,019 429,403
Adjusted business-as-usual (ABAU) emissions – adjusted
BAU forecast to account for the impacts of key adopted
federal and state policies (still assuming no climate action at the local level).
378,981 292,157 101,175
Impact of SB100 (California Renewables Portfolio
Standard) – see Table 3.
- -36,385 -91,635
Impact of Title 24 (California Building Standards) –
see Table 3.
- -1,354 -477
Impact of Federal Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards
– see Table 3.
- -20,904 -22,303
Impact of Low Carbon Fuel Standard – see Table
3. - -9,722 -25,232
Impact of EO N-79-20 (Zero Emission by 2035) –
see Table 3.
- -34,258 -169,285
Impact of SB1383 (Short-Lived Climate Pollutants)
– see Table 3.
- -16,319 -19,294
Difference between BAU and ABAU emissions - 118,941 328,227 Action scenario – adjusted ABAU forecast which accounts for the forecasted impacts of six CAAP actions.
378,981 274,494 34,591
Impact of BE 3.3 (Renewable electricity) – see
Table 4.
- -39.886 0
Impact of BE 2.1 (Phased electrification for new
buildings) – see Table 4.
- -386 -4,117
Impact of BE 2.2 (Phased electrification for
existing buildings) – see Table 4.
- -13,513 -47,121
Impact of TL 1.2 (Active transportation access and
safety) – see Table 4.
- -855 0
Impact of TL 2.1 (EV Infrastructure Plan) – see
Table 4.
- -736 0
Impact of MC 1.1 (Zero Waste Plan) – see Table 4. - -10,473 -10,864 Impact of MU 1.5 (Refrigerants management) – see
Table 4.
- -6,092 -6,092
Difference between ABAU and action scenario emissions - 71,943 68,195 When accounting for the impact of these federal, state, and regional policies, Pico Rivera’s emissions are projected to decrease 73% by 2045, compared to the City’s 2021 emissions. When including the impacts of seven key CAAP actions, emissions are expected to decrease 91% by 2045. Figure 2 illustrates the remaining emissions by sector for key milestone years (2030 and 2045) compared to Pico Rivera’s GHG emission reduction targets.
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-6 Figure 2. Pico Rivera’s remaining emissions by sector after accounting for the impact of several key policies and seven key CAAP actions (Action Scenario).
W EDGE ANALYSIS DETAILS
Forecast Growth Rates
The model uses the projected changes in demographics in Table 2 to forecast Pico Rivera’s future emissions:
● The number of people who live in Pico Rivera (Population) ● The number of people who work in Pico Rivera (Employment) ● The number of people who live and/or work in Pico Rivera (Service Population)
Table 2. Projected changes in Pico Rivera’s demographics. 2021 2030 2045
Population (1) 62,383 64,264 67,400
Employment (2) 18,498 20,556 23,100
Service Population (3) 80,881 84,821 90,500
Data Sources:
1. 6th Cycle Housing Element (2021-2029), Table 2-1: Population Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction
2. 6th Cycle Housing Element (2021-2029), Table 2-5: Employment Growth (2012‐2040)
3. Calculated sum of Pico Rivera’s population and employees Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-7 Adjusted Business-As-Usual Policy Assumptions
The “adjusted business-as-usual” (ABAU) forecast adjusts the BAU forecast to account for the impacts of adopted federal and state policies (still assuming no climate action at the local level). The emission reductions associated with these policies count toward Pico Rivera’s overall emission reductions and progress towards targets. Table 3 summarizes six (6) key policies reflected in the ABAU forecast.
Table 3. Key federal and state policies reflected in ABAU forecast.
Policy Level Key Assumptions in Forecast/Model
SB100
(California
Renewables
Portfolio
Standard)
State Overview: The state’s renewable portfolio standard establishes that eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources will supply 100% of retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers by 2045.
Key Assumptions:
− Utilities will meet standards; electricity emission rates will be 0 by 2045
− Electricity emission rates will decrease linearly from 2021 to 2045
Title 24
(California
Building
Standards)
State Overview: Title 24 building standards in California encompass energy efficiency requirements for residential and non-residential buildings, covering aspects like insulation, lighting, HVAC systems, water heating, renewable energy integration, and appliance efficiency. Standards are typically updated on a three-year cycle.
Key Assumptions:
− Energy efficiency requirements will have the following impacts on new energy consumption:
o 53% reduction of residential electricity consumption
o 30% reduction of non-residential electricity consumption o 7% reduction of natural gas and propane consumption
CAFE
(Federal Fuel
Economy
Standards)
Federal Overview: Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulated by the Federal Department of Transportation and supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These standards incrementally increase average fuel economy levels for manufacturers and set related GHG standards.
Key Assumptions:
− On average, each vehicle type will see the following annual increases in miles per gallon (MPG):
o Passenger vehicles – 0.2 MPG
o Light duty vehicles – 0.1 MPG
o Heavy duty vehicles – 0.03 MPG
− MPG increases for each vehicle type are based on actual MPG increases since 2010 to understand a realistic increase in overall vehicle MPGs
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-8 Action Scenario
The action forecast adjusts the ABAU forecast to identify expected changes to Pico Rivera’s emissions based on implementation of seven (7) key CAAP actions intended to reduce GHG emissions. Table 4 summarizes the actions included in the model, in addition to the assumptions made in this analysis.
Policy Level Key Assumptions in Forecast/Model
Low Carbon
Fuel
Standard
State Overview: California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard requires reducing carbon intensity of transportation fuels 20% by 2030 through lowcarbon and renewable alternatives. California (CA) was required to achieve a 10% reduction by 2020. Conventional jet fuel is excluded from the Low Carbon Fuel Standard.
Key Assumptions:
− CA achieved a 10% reduction by 2020, and the carbon intensity of fuels will continue to decrease linearly through 2030 Executive
Order N-79-
20 (ZeroEmission by
2035)
State Overview: Zero-Emission by 2035 (EO N-79-20) sets goals for the percentage of new vehicle purchases that are zero-emission by certain target years.
Key Assumptions:
− Vehicles and off-road equipment have a lifecycle of 15 years − Sales will reach the following targets:
o Passenger vehicles – 100% by 2035
o Off-road equipment and vehicles – 100% by 2035
o Light duty vehicles – 100% by 2045
o Heavy duty vehicles – 100% by 2045
SB1383
(Short-Lived
Climate
Pollutants)
State Overview: California’s Short-Lived Climate Pollutants bill (SB1383) sets goals for reductions in pollutants that are extremely potent, often with short lifespans in the atmosphere, including greenhouse gases such as methane and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). This bill requires reductions in organic waste disposal and required the California Air Resources Board to approve and implement the ShortLived Climate Pollutant strategy which was previously developed through SB605.
Key Assumptions:
− CA successfully reached SB1383’s 50% diversion goal in 2020 and aims to reduce 25% of landfilled organic waste from 2021 levels by 2025, assuming that this organic waste is diverted as compost instead
− CA will reduce emissions from refrigerants by 40% by 2030, compared to a 2013 baseline
Appendix C. Pico Rivera CAAP Emission Forecast Memo | C-9 Table 4. Actions included in this analysis.
Strategy Actions Key Assumptions
Increase
renewable
energy
generation
BE3.3:
Renewable
electricity
− Electricity provided by PRIME is assumed to become
100% renewable by 2030.
Promote
building
decarbonization
BE2.1: Phased
electrification
for new
buildings
− Electrification of new construction is incentivized
from 2025-2029 and required beginning in 2030.
− 10% of new buildings are electrified per year prior to an all-electric ordinance, and 100% of new buildings
are electrified after the ordinance is implemented.
BE 2.2: Phased
electrification
for existing
buildings
− Electrification outreach begins in 2025 and an
ordinance is implemented in 2030.
− Equipment to be electrified through an electrification ordinance (natural gas water heaters and furnaces)
have an average equipment lifespan of 15 years, and
that equipment is electrified at the end of its useful
life.
− 5% of existing buildings are electrified per year
before the ordinance implementation.
Promote
multimodal
transportation
systems
TL 1.2: Active
transportation
access and
safety
− 15 miles of sidewalk improvements and 44 miles of
bike lane additions (per Pico Rivera’s Urban Greening
Plan) are implemented from 2025-2045.
Increase EV
infrastructure
and adoption
TL 2.1: EV
Infrastructure
Plan
− 150 new public EV chargers are installed in Pico
Rivera by 2045, each of which are assumed to
support 27 EVs.
Maximize waste
diversion
MC 1.1: Zero
Waste Plan
− 100% of recyclable and compostable material is
diverted from the landfill by year 5 of action
implementation, assuming that this plan will need
time to ramp up to full implementation.
Lead by
example
MU 1.5:
Refrigerants
management
− 15% of refrigerant emissions come from large
facilities, reported via the California Air Resources
Board’s R3 program.
− 70% of those emissions are reduced through this
action, assuming the City specifically targets
outreach to these facilities.
− 25% of other refrigerant emissions are reduced
through this action.
Appendix D | D-1
APPENDIX D
Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability
Assessmen
Appendix D
PICO RIVERA CLIMATE VULNERABILITY
ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Assessment overview ......................................................................................................... 2 Report Goals and Structure..................................................................................................... 3 Why Assess Climate Change Vulnerability Now?................................................................ 5 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 6 Summary of Data Sources ....................................................................................................... 7 Climate Vulnerability Framework...........................................................................................8 Climate Impacts Overview ..................................................................................................... 10 Climate Vulnerability Assessment ................................................................................. 20 Healthy Communities: At-a-Glance ................................................................................ 21 Healthy Communities Overview........................................................................................... 22 Critical Facilities & Emergency Response.......................................................................... 22 Physical Health .........................................................................................................................27 Mental & Community Health.................................................................................................. 31 Economic Development: At-A-Glance ........................................................................... 34 Economic Development Overview....................................................................................... 35 Local Businesses ..................................................................................................................... 36 Labor ...........................................................................................................................................37 Water Resources: At-A-Glance ...................................................................................... 42 Water Resources Overview ................................................................................................... 43 Built Infrastructure: At-A-Glance .................................................................................. 48 Built Infrastructure Overview ............................................................................................... 49 Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 49 Housing ...................................................................................................................................... 52 Energy ........................................................................................................................................ 55 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 58 Appendices ........................................................................................................................ 63 Appendix A. Data Sources..................................................................................................... 63 Appendix B. Vulnerability Ranking Framework................................................................. 64 Appendix C: Healthy Communities Adaptive Capacity Efforts..................................... 69 Assessment overview
Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | 2
ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW
Assessment overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-5 Report Goals and Structure
This Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) is a critical element to inform the City of Pico Rivera’s Climate Action Plan. The CVA provides an overview of current and future climate risks and hazards that are already affecting Pico Rivera’s land, infrastructure, and residents. The CVA has several key objectives that guide its role in shaping the City's approach to climate resilience and adaptation:
1. Shape Climate Action Plan (CAP) measures to enhance climate resilience: The CVA pinpoints areas where Pico Rivera is most vulnerable to climate impacts, guiding targeted CAP measures that improve the adaptive capacity of key sectors such as transportation, public health, and emergency services.
2. Inform future planning and development: As Pico Rivera plans for growth, the CVA helps integrate climate considerations into land use, zoning, infrastructure, and housing decisions. This ensures that future City projects are resilient to climate impacts and aligned with sustainability goals.
3. Strengthen the Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) update: The CVA provides critical data on climate hazards for the HMP update, which will help mitigate the impact of natural disasters and extreme weather events while enhancing preparedness and protection for residents and infrastructure.
HOW TO READ THIS DOCUMENT
This document provides a comprehensive analysis of climate vulnerability in Pico Rivera. Here's what you'll find in each section of the focus areas:
Section Description
Summary of
Risks and
Adaptive
Capacity
This section outlines the exposure and sensitivity of Pico Rivera to various climate hazards, as well as its capacity to adapt to these risks. It highlights the key vulnerabilities and strengths in the City's ability to respond to climate impacts.
Evaluation of
Vulnerability
This section is a qualitative assessment of Pico Rivera's vulnerability to climate change. It examines how exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity intersect, providing insights into the specific areas where the City's vulnerable populations and critical assets are most at risk.
Vulnerability
Score
This section presents a quantitative measure of Pico Rivera's overall vulnerability to climate change. It synthesizes information from the previous sections into a single score, clearly indicating the magnitude of the City's vulnerability and guiding priority areas for action.
Assessment overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-6 Focus Area What’s Included
Critical Facilities & Emergency Response: Critical
communication, health, and emergency services
Physical Health: Public health risks, environmental and socioeconomic health disparities, access to care
Mental & Community Health: Climate-related stress and
mental health impacts, social cohesion and community
resources, food access and security
Local Businesses: Infrastructure, small businesses, supply chain disruption
Labor: Employment/livelihood, work conditions
Stormwater & Wastewater Facilities: Pump stations,
stormwater lines, inlets, and outlets, drains and conveyance, wastewater lines, wastewater treatment plants
Water Supply: Groundwater supply, water storage and
transmission systems, water quality
Dam Infrastructure: Water conservation, flood protection Transportation: City roads, public transportation services and infrastructure
Housing: Single and multi-family residential buildings
Energy: Energy supply and demand (i.e., energy grid, utilities, and loads), energy infrastructure (i.e., powerlines,
substations, energy transmission and distribution systems) Assessment overview
Why Assess Climate Change Vulnerability
Now?
The City of Pico Rivera is already experiencing
warmer annual temperatures, more intense
heatwaves, more frequent extreme precipitation
events and flooding, more prolonged droughts,
and poorer air quality due to climate change.
These climate impacts are amplified by a variety
of factors. For example, the built environment –
which can include freeways and building
development – can exacerbate air quality
impacts or intensify the urban heat island
effects (Chu et al., 2023). Social factors – such
as housing quality, proximity to community
amenities such as parks or grocery stores, and
occupation – can put some residents at higher
risk of harm from these climate-related hazards
(Marino et al., 2023). These climate impacts can
have cascading effects on human health, water
resources, financial security, housing,
transportation, and economic development in
Pico Rivera.
The recent Fifth National Climate Assessment
(NCA5) emphasizes every action we can
implement today to reduce emissions can
mitigate the worst impacts of climate change to
our economy, natural and built environment, and
community well-being (Jay et al., 2023). The
NCA5 also urges jurisdictions of all sizes to
develop and accelerate actions to adapt to the
climate change-driven weather events that are
already occurring, which can help avoid some of
the worst anticipated consequences across a
variety of sectors.
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-7 Notable Climate Events in
Pico Rivera
Bobcat Fire Heat Wave and
Smoke Event (September
2020)
The Bobcat Fire caused a
combined heatwave and smoke
event in Pico Rivera, leading to
poor air quality and reduced
visibility. The fire's extreme
heatwave exacerbated the
impact, posing health risks to
residents and causing damage to
vegetation and wildlife habitats.
While no direct fatalities were
reported, the event highlighted
the community's vulnerability to
wildfires.
El Niño-Driven Winter Storms
(2023 and 2024)
Winter storms driven by El Niño
in 2023 and 2024 brought heavy
rainfall and flooding to Pico
Rivera, causing some damage to
infrastructure and property. The
flooding also resulted in forced
evacuations.
Methodology
Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | 6
METHODOLOGY
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-9 Summary of Data Sources
In this assessment, we utilized a variety of locally relevant and applicable reports and publications. The following table outlines some of the primary sources used for the CVA. To see the full list of sources used, see Appendix A. Data Sources. These local plans and reports were complemented with peer-reviewed research to support CVA findings.
Data Source Year
Pico Rivera General Plan 2014
Urban Greening Plan 2018
Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019
Local Development and Sustainability Business Plan (LDSBP) 2020 Pico Water District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan 2021 PRIME - Integrated Resource Plan 2022
Pico Rivera 2035: Community Revitalization Program and
Revitalization Program (Historic Whittier Boulevard - HWB) 2023 Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-10 Climate Vulnerability Framework
Vulnerability is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a combination of climate risks (a combination of exposure to climate impacts and sensitivity to those impacts) and the capacity to adapt (Figure 1) (Chu et al., 2023).
We used this framework to understand Pico Rivera’s vulnerability to climate change.
Figure 1. Climate vulnerability framework
Climate risks increase vulnerability, while adaptive capacity helps reduce vulnerability.
A CVA can help identify ways to boost adaptive capacity or reduce exposure to risks, thereby enhancing the City’s resilience to climate change.
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-11
VULNERABILITY RISK ASSESSMENT
Each sub-sector within the four City sectors received a vulnerability ranking based on a scale that assesses climate risk, adaptive capacity, and an overall vulnerability score.
This scale provides a general understanding of the City's vulnerability to climate change impacts, ranging from low to high vulnerability levels (Table 1 and Table 2). For example, a "high vulnerability" designation indicates a high level of risk, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity within a sub-sector. Though this methodology is based in established methods, these rankings are meant to be informative and may not encapsulate some of the nuances of climate vulnerability across Pico Rivera.
Table 1. Climate risk (exposure + sensitivity) matrix
Low Moderate High
Low exposure and
sensitivity to climate
impacts.
Moderate exposure and
sensitivity to climate
impacts.
High exposure and
sensitivity to climate
impacts.
Table 2. Adaptive capacity (what the City is doing and has the capacity to accomplish) Low Moderate High
The sector is plan- and
resource-poor or there
is little redundancy.
The City may have a
plan and some staff,
but limited resources
within the sector.
Plans and resources are in
place that address climate
issues but may not account
for future climate
trajectories. There is staff
capacity and resources
available to address the
climate impacts coming to
the sector.
Robust plans in place
with staffing and
resources for
implementation. Actions
are being taken to
address the issue and
those actions are already
having an impact.
For a detailed methodology and to explore the nuances of vulnerability assessment further, refer to Appendix B. Vulnerability Ranking Framework.
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-12 Climate Impacts
Overview
This section on climate impacts summarizes
historical trends and future climate projections
to provide a foundational understanding of how
changes in the climate and associated hazards
will continue to affect Pico Rivera in the future.
Pico Rivera has already experienced many of
these impacts. Without ambitious greenhouse
gas reduction measures across the region and
globe, Pico Rivera will continue to see the
worsening of these impacts, specifically:
• More extreme heat and longer
heatwaves: Pico Rivera will continue to
experience gradually warming annual
average temperatures, more extreme
heat days, and more warm nights.
Additionally, heatwaves will become
more intense and last longer, placing
additional stress on public health and
safety.
• Increased exposure to wildfire smoke:
While Pico Rivera is not prone to wildfires
because of its urban areas, much of the
region is prone to wildfires. North of Pico
Rivera, behind the dam, fires have come
close to the City due to the proximity to
Whittier Narrows and overgrown brush
(Martin, 2021). As larger and more intense
wildfires happen, Pico Rivera is expected
to experience more smoke-filled days.
• More frequent and intense precipitation
events: While Pico Rivera is in a region
that is highly vulnerable to droughts, the
region will see a shift in its precipitation
patterns with short bursts of extreme
precipitation – particularly with the
increasing intensity of atmospheric rivers
– which can lead to more floods.
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-13
CLIMATE DRIVERS AND VARIABILITY
Climate change is the shifting of our
environmental conditions and weather patterns
over the long term. These changes are caused by
human activities that produce greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions (Perlwitz et al., 2017; Wuebbles
et al., 2017). Higher levels of GHG emissions,
especially carbon dioxide, have been driving the
rise of overall land and ocean temperatures,
leading to a series of biophysical impacts since
the Industrial Revolution. These impacts include
more frequent and intense heat waves, more
intense wildfire seasons, increasing intensity of
storms, more prolonged and intense droughts,
melting glaciers and ice caps that reduce water
availability, sea level rise and ocean acidification,
and more (Pachauri & Meyer, 2014; Wuebbles et
al., 2017).
The climate of Southern California and the U.S.
Southwest experiences natural variability across
years and decades (Figure 2) (Sheppard et al.,
2002; White, Elias, & Thomas, 2023). The El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) is a primary source of this climate variability and historical weather
variations in temperature, precipitation, and ocean conditions – particularly during cold seasons. El Niño is characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, leading to warmer and wetter winters in Southern California. La Niña is characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, leading to drier conditions in Southern California. ENSO cycles have become increasingly stronger over the past decade and have led to acute climate-related hazards, such as intense atmospheric river events, that can contribute to and exacerbate chronic climate change impacts such as droughts and flooding (Pachauri & Meyer, 2014; Perlwitz et al., 2017; White et al., 2023).
CLIMATE SCENARIOS AND PROJECTION MODELS
The rise in atmospheric GHG concentrations has already caused the climate to change significantly. Models projecting future climate conditions and impacts, including how climate hazards will increase and intensify over the next century, use a variety of climate scenarios. These scenarios are based on a variety of factors, including future land use, population growth, technological innovation, and global GHG emission levels.
Figure 2. Extreme weather patterns and
climate variability (Perlwitz, 2017)
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-14 This climate impacts summary uses two different generations of climate models:
CMIP (Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects) 5 and CMIP6.1 CMIP5 uses the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), which show different GHG concentration pathways. CMIP6 uses the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), which show different GHG concentration pathways under different types of climate policies. Additionally, some downscaled CMIP6 models depict future projections in terms of global warming levels (GWLs). GWLs show how local and regional climate – such as that of Pico Rivera – will change if global mean temperatures exceed 1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C. The table below shows how RCPs, SSPs, and GWLs compare against one another.
Table 3. Comparing climate scenarios and corresponding global warming levels by 2100 Climate Scenario Comparisons Corresponding
GWL by 2100,
relative to
1850-1900
CMIP5 Description CMIP6 Description Used in
CVA? Notes
RCP
2.6 Very low
emissions
future
SSP 1-
2.6 Sustainable
policies
lead to low
emissions
No
RCP 2.6 is
not
extensively
modeled.
1.5°C (2.7°F)
RCP
4.5 Moderately
low
emissions
future
SSP
2-4.5
Some
sustainable
policies
lead to
moderate
emissions
Yes, to
some
extent
2.0°C (3.6°F)
RCP
6.0 Moderate
emissions
future
NA NA No
RCP 6.0 is
not
extensively
modeled.
3.0°C (5.4°F)
RCP
8.5 Very high
emissions
SSP
5-8.5
Continued
investments
into fossil
fuels lead
to very high
emissions
Yes 4.0°C (7.2°F)
1 CMIPs are an international collaboration among climate scientists to help understand historical, present, and future climate conditions. CMIPs support the validation and comparison of hundreds of climate models to ensure that climate scenarios are as accurate as possible in their future climate projections. CMIP generations are generally comparable, though have been refined with each iteration.
These CMIPs are used as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and are used widely to understand future climate impacts.
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-15 For this CVA, we will use a combination of CMIP5, CMIP6, and GWLs to show the potential future changes and climate impacts for Pico Rivera. Each has benefits and drawbacks. For example, CMIP5 models have data availability at hyper-local levels, allowing us to provide specific projections for Pico Rivera for a variety of variables.
CMIP6 models and associated GWLs are the newest generation of climate models, and thus data is only available at the county-level and only for temperature and precipitation variables; however, generally, these models are considered to be an improved forecast of future climate change.
HISTORICAL CLIMATE TRENDS AND FUTURE
PROJECTIONS
The sections below provide an overview of historical climate trends and future projections.
Rising Temperatures and Extreme Heat
Pico Rivera is getting hotter, as is the wider Los Angeles basin. Between 1895 and 2018, temperatures in Los Angeles (LA) County rose 4.1°F, and they are projected to continue to rise (Vose et al., 2014). According to the most recent generation of climate models (CMIP6), annual average temperatures in LA County are expected to increase another 6°F by midcentury from a baseline of 1991-2020 under 4°C (7.2°F) of global warming.
Relative to 1961-1990, 2 projections show that annual average maximum temperature is likely to increase by 4.9°F by midcentury (2035-2060)3 and 8.2°F by late century (2070-2099) under RCP 8.5 (D. Pierce et al., 2018).4
The newer projections at the county level (Figure 3) show that temperature is rising even faster than previously projected. The countywide historical baseline temperature is lower than Pico Rivera’s due to geographical variance, and temperatures are expected to increase from 74°F to 80°F by midcentury.
2 In this summary, unless otherwise noted, historical baseline is the 30-year period between 1961-1990. 3 Midcentury is assumed to be 2035-2060 in this document unless otherwise noted. 4 RCP 8.5 is assumed henceforth in this document.
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-16 Figure 3: Annual average temperature projections for LA County
EXTREME HEAT
In addition to projected increases in average annual temperatures, heat extremes are also projected to be more frequent and intense. Extreme heat is already one of the leading causes of premature death due to climate hazards in the Southern California region, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as seniors, children, outdoor workers, and individuals with preexisting health conditions (Rahman et al., 2022; White, Elias, Thomas, et al., 2023). Heat waves in the region are projected to be longer, hotter, and more frequent (Hulley et al., 2020).
Extreme heat days are defined as days in which the temperature rises over 38°C (100.4°F), which is the 98th percentile value of historical daily maximum temperatures. According to RCP 8.5 projections, Pico Rivera is projected to experience 16 extreme heat days per year by midcentury, compared to the historical baseline average of 3 days per year over 100.4°F (D. Pierce et al., 2018).
Rising nighttime temperatures are equally important, and CMIP6 models project that Los Angeles County will experience 39 additional nights over 70°F by midcentury (Pierce et al., 2023). Meanwhile, under RCP 8.5, Pico Rivera is projected to experience, on average, 34 nights over 70.2°F per year by midcentury, up from a historical average of 6 nights over that temperature, which is defined as the 98th percentile value of historical daily minimum temperatures in the city (Figure 4).
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-17 Figure 4. Average Rising Nighttime Temperatures Per Year under CMIP 6 and RCP 8.5 Projections.
Rising nighttime temperatures are especially dangerous to human health because cooler nighttime temperatures give the body time to recover from high daytime temperatures. When nighttime temperatures are too warm, the body does not get the same respite from the heat and is more stressed and susceptible to heat-related illness, especially when there are multiple consecutive days of high temperatures (He et al., 2022).
WILDFIRE AND WILDFIRE SMOKE
The San Gabriel Mountains, about 20 miles north of Pico Rivera, have the highest wildfire risk in the region. While land and structures in Pico Rivera are not projected to burn in wildfires, wildfires in nearby areas can cause smoke events that lower the air quality throughout the region. Most recently, the Bobcat fire in 2020 burned over 115,000 acres and caused the South Coast Air Quality Management District to issue a smoke advisory over most of LA County, including Pico Rivera, for at least a week (Figure 5) (SCAQMD, 2020).
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-18 Figure 5. Monitors and low-cost sensors south of the Bobcat Fire in Azusa and Glendora (areas in red) measured Air Quality Index (AQI) levels in the moderate to unhealthy for sensitive groups categories (SCAQMD, 2020).
The wildfire burn area in the San Gabriels is expected to increase by 40% by 2050 under RCP 8.5, compared to the modeled 1976-2005 historical baseline area burned of roughly 16,000 hectares (Westerling, 2018). This escalation in wildfire risk will also amplify exposure to wildfire smoke for Southern California communities. Projections suggest that exposure to harmful particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke will escalate by 0.71% annually through 2100 (Neumann et al., 2021). Older adults, young children, pregnant individuals, and those with pre-existing conditions like asthma and heart disease are particularly sensitive to these smoke impacts (White, Elias, Thomas, et al., 2023). Pico Rivera's categorization as a Disadvantaged Community (DAC) by CalEnviroScreen 4.0 underscores its vulnerability. For example, rates of cardiovascular disease in Pico Rivera’s census tracts are some of the highest in the state. Additionally, such heightened exposure is anticipated to contribute to a 60% increase in premature deaths across the western U.S., underscoring the urgent need for mitigation and adaptation measures (Neumann et al., 2021).
EXTREME PRECIPITATION, INLAND FLOODING,
AND DROUGHT
The Southern California region, including Pico Rivera, is slowly getting drier. Annual precipitation in the region is highly variable, and this variability is expected to persist.
Annual precipitation in Pico Rivera is projected to decrease by 0.3 inches (15.2 inches Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-19 to 14.9 inches) by midcentury and by 0.2 inches (15.2 inches to 15.0 inches) by late century under RCP 8.5 (D. Pierce et al., 2018).
Climate change is expected to exacerbate the extreme weather patterns in Pico Rivera and the Southern California region. Most of the region’s precipitation falls between November and April, but anomalous weather patterns will also become more likely.
Under a 4°C GWL, the number of extreme precipitation days 5 is expected to increase 59% and the maximum 1-day precipitation – or the highest amount of precipitation over the course of 24 hours – is projected to increase 13% (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Number of Extreme Precipitation Days under a 4° C GWL.
Fall and winter precipitation may be concentrated during atmospheric river events, which are streams of water vapor that travel over the Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to the western U.S., as they will become more common and intense in the fall and winter months (Slinskey et al., 2020).
For example, Hurricane Hillary arrived in Southern California in August 2023 and dropped 2.83 inches of rain on Pico Rivera in 24 hours, which surpassed historical averages for the region (Conybeare & Palm, 2023). For most years between 1980 and 2022, the maximum daily rainfall remained below 2 inches per year. Thus, the occurrence of a rainfall event accumulating 2.83 inches led to flooding across the region because much of the region’s infrastructure systems were not built to accommodate nearly 3 inches of rain (Lawrimore, 2024). Under RCP 8.5, the maximum 1-day precipitation in Pico Rivera is projected to increase by 0.14 inches by midcentury and 0.29 inches by end-of-century from a historical average of 1.99 inches (Figure 7).
These projections exceed the historical trends, and current infrastructure systems may not be appropriately designed to accommodate this level of extreme precipitation in the future.
5 Days with extreme precipitation is defined as the annual number of days with precipitation in top 1% of historical rainfall events.
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-20 Figure 7. Projected annual daily maximum precipitation in Pico Rivera.
INLAND FLOODING
Pico Rivera sits between the Rio Hondo Channel on the west and the San Gabriel River to the east and lies directly south of the Whittier Narrows Natural Area, where the Whittier Narrows Dam is located. This puts almost all of Pico Rivera in the inundation zone of a potential dam failure, and land directly adjacent to the channels is at additional risk of flooding during extreme precipitation events (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
While FEMA floodplain maps suggest minimal inland flooding risk in Pico Rivera, excluding river-adjacent areas, their reliance on historical data underestimates current and future flood risk (Blessing et al., 2017). Pico Rivera is currently within the 500-year flood zone, where the inundation area is only in the case of a rare and extreme event. Compounded by the high density of impervious surfaces and landscape aridification from drought, the City's ability to absorb water from extreme precipitation events is compromised, amplifying flood vulnerability beyond FEMA's assessments (European Environment Agency, 2016).
Drought Conditions
Drought is defined as a prolonged dry period, typically lasting several months to years, that can lead to low or insufficient water supply, poorer air quality, and increased dust and particulate matter. While the Southwest has historically experienced periods of drought, the climate-change-driven wet and dry extremes – such as the drought of 2012-2016 followed by a very wet 2017 – can lead to longer periods of less precipitation and significantly increase the probability of a megadrought lasting multiple decades (Cook et al., 2015).
Methodology
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-21 • Under an RCP 8.5 scenario, the average dry spell length would increase by 8 days by midcentury from the historical average (1961-1990) of 162 days to 170 days and would increase by 16 days by late century, to 178 days.
Drought can affect Pico Rivera in the following ways:
• Drying up of the Central Basin, from where the Pico Water District currently sources all the water the City uses (Pico Water District, 2021). • Increased probability of regional wildfires and higher volumes of dust, which will lead to reduced air quality (Nolte et al., 2018).
• Damage to habitats and vegetation, which can also reduce capacity to mitigate extreme heat (NIDIS, 2024).
Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | 20
CLIMATE VULNERABILITY
ASSESSMENT
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-23 HEALTHY COMMUNITIES: AT-A-GLANCE
The following risk assessment for the healthy communities’ section evaluates various climate risks impacting Pico Rivera’s critical facilities & emergency response, physical health, mental health and community health, sub-sectors and assessed its overall vulnerability.
Critical Facilities & Emergency Response
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Physical Health
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Mental & Community Health
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Healthy Communities: Healthy Communities Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-24 Healthy Communities Overview
Key Takeaways
Critical facilities and emergency services
face moderate exposure to extreme heat
and flooding, potentially damaging
infrastructure and evacuation routes.
Drought and wildfires pose a low to
moderate risk, impacting utility
infrastructure and communication
assets.
Extreme heat and wildfire smoke
present significant health risks,
especially for vulnerable populations in
Pico Rivera, leading to heat-related
illnesses and decreased air quality.
Climate impacts like floods and extreme
heat increase the risk of stress, mental
health disorders, and food insecurity due
to reduced access to amenities and food
sources.
Climate change can affect a variety of community assets and services that support residents’ physical health, mental health, and wellbeing. For example, extreme heat can lead to heat stress, particularly for older adults. Extreme weather events can also affect the ability of health-related or emergency services to respond. For example, communication infrastructure may be overloaded and disrupted during extreme events, which can affect response time of emergency services. Strengthening emergency response resources, public health services, food access, and mental health resources can build community capacity and resilience before, during, and after an extreme event.
Critical Facilities & Emergency Response
In Pico Rivera, critical facilities include both public and private assets that must remain operational during and after a hazard event to ensure public safety and to support economic recovery. While Pico Rivera has never proclaimed a local disaster, the City has been included in many disaster proclamations for Los Angeles County (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). The frequency of climate-related disasters declared – such as heatwaves, droughts, extreme rain, and landslides – is likely to increase in the future due to the effects of climate change on extreme weather events (Smith, 2022).
Who is most at risk?
• Elderly residents and young
children
• Communities that are
linguistically isolated
• Individuals with pre-existing
health conditions
• Communities near freeways or
with disproportionate exposure
to environmental air pollution
• Residents who are cost-burdened
and/or experiencing food
insecurity
Healthy Communities: Critical Facilities & Emergency Response Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-25
CLIMATE RISK
Emergency Response Services
Emergency response services are necessary to
support the ability of community members to
respond to extreme events, yet are also at risk from
climate change. For example, floods can impede
emergency vehicle access and hinder resource
access and evacuation, particularly in areas with
limited accessibility and evacuation routes (Yang et
al., 2023). Some of Pico Rivera’s emergency routes
that are within the 500-year floodplain, which is
projected to become more frequent, and can be
affected by extreme flooding or storms, leading to
disrupted route access, stalled vehicles, or downed
trees (Table 4). These impacts can impede the
access of emergency response services to certain
areas in Pico Rivera while also affecting the ability
of individuals to evacuate from these areas (City of
Pico Rivera, 2019). Limited regional access routes
are the primary constraint on city-wide evacuation
in Pico Rivera (City of Pico Rivera, 2014).
Extreme Rain in LA County
During the winter of 2004-
2005, LA County recorded a
total of 37 inches of rain, the
second highest recorded
seasonal rainfall. Two storms
during this period led to
state and federal disaster
declarations from road and
infrastructure damage
resulting from urban
flooding, mud and debris
flow, and rockslides. Local
newspapers reported that
nine people died, including
two deaths caused by mud
and rockslides (City of Pico
Rivera, 2019).
Winter Storm Emergency Response in LA County
During the 2017 winter storms, traffic was clogged on many freeways and surface streets, and at least 10,000 customers were without power across LA County (City of Pico Rivera, 2019; Hamilton et al., 2017). Photo credit: Christina House/LA Times Healthy Communities: Critical Facilities & Emergency Response Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-26 Table 4. Climate Hazards and Emergency Routes Impacted
Roads in bold are identified as evacuation routes for the City, highlighting the exposure of critical transportation routes to climate change hazards.
Climate Change Hazard Emergency Routes Impacted
500-year floodplain
• North—South Arterials
• Rosemead Boulevard (CA State Route 18) *
• Paramount Boulevard
• Passons Boulevard
• San Gabriel River Parkway
• Interstate 605 (northern city limits only)
• East—West Arterials
• Mines Avenue
• Whittier Boulevard (CA State Route 72)
• Slauson Avenue
• Washington Boulevard
• Beverly Boulevard
• Telegraph Road
*To the north, the Whittier Narrows Dam prevents the use of all arterials but Rosemead Boulevard to evacuate the city (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
Extreme heat can also cause pavement buckling, which can damage transportation infrastructure and cause hazardous travel conditions for emergency services and residents. In Pico Rivera, high winds often damage utilities, potentially limiting communication services like phone access due to downed power lines (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
Three census tracts in the northern half of Pico Rivera rank in the 90th percentile for linguistic isolation, meaning the percent of linguistically isolated households is higher than 90% of census tracts in California (OEHHA, 2018). These areas also face higher risk from the effects of extreme heat, further reducing the residents’ ability to access emergency services and timely emergency communications, jeopardizing their personal safety if they are unable to understand emergency information during crises (Figure 8) (CDPH, 2016).
Healthy Communities: Critical Facilities & Emergency Response Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-27 Figure 8. Urban heat island effect (UHI) and census tracts in the top 10% of linguistic isolation (CDPH, 2016; OEHHA, 2018).
Critical Facilities
As of 2019, the City had 86 identified critical facilities and infrastructure (Table 5) (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). All but two of these critical facilities are in the 500-year floodplain (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). 6 Critical facilities are essential for maintaining societal functions, health, safety, security, and well-being. Disruptions to critical infrastructure from floods and other natural hazards can severely impact the economy, health, and security of Pico Rivera, hindering response and recovery efforts and increasing reconstruction costs (Chu et al., 2023). 6 Critical facilities exposed include the LASD station, three LACoFD stations, City facilities (including the Council Chambers, City Hall, and recreation buildings used as shelters), schools, and medical care facilities, including assisted living and senior centers (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
Healthy Communities: Critical Facilities & Emergency Response Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-28 Table 5. Critical Facilities in Pico Rivera
Category Facilities* Number in city
Emergency Response Facilities Police and fire stations 4 Government Facilities City hall, city yard, municipal
buildings 4
Medical and Care Facilities
Medical office, assisted living,
nursing home, home health
services, senior housing
11 Educational Facilities Schools, libraries 22
Community Gathering Facilities Recreation, senior center, youth centers 13
Utility Infrastructure Wells, water treatment 17
Transportation Infrastructure Highway bridges, rail bridges 15 Total 86
*Critical city facilities exposed to flood risk include the LASD station, LACoFD stations (3), City facilities (including the Council Chambers, City Hall, and recreation buildings used as shelters), schools, and medical care facilities (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
Intense weather patterns exacerbated by climate change may significantly impact dam hydrographs. Flooding due to dam failure or overtopping, particularly the Whittier Narrows Dam, will likely damage all but five of the critical facilities in the city (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). The Whittier Narrows Dam failure threatens all of Pico Rivera – with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineering deeming risk to life and the economy very high if the dam fails (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
During extreme heat events, critical facilities and
their operations – such as continuing care,
residential care, and nursing facilities – are more
sensitive to risks from heat due to the age or chronic
medical conditions of their residents (LA County,
2021; Sherman et al., 2024). In Pico Rivera, elderly
residents make up 15.6% of the population and are
particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events
because they are more likely to live in assisted-living facilities, require extra notice for evacuation, have
difficulty evacuating homes, and may need
additional medical attention that may not be readily
available during extreme weather events (ACS, 2022;
City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
In LA County, critical communication facilities, energy assets, and water infrastructure are highly sensitive to wildfires, despite having relatively low exposure. In the past, Pico Rivera has received red flag fire weather warnings from the National Weather Service because of high winds and temperatures associated with wildfires in the Pico Rivera Wildfire
Impacts
In December 2017, Pico
Rivera’s local newspaper
announced red flag
warnings across the city as
a complex of 25 Southern
California wildfires were
exacerbated by Santa Ana
winds (City News Service,
2017).
Healthy Communities: Physical Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-29 region (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). While these impacts are outside the boundaries of Pico Rivera, any impacts to regional communication assets or energy-water utilities will affect Pico Rivera’s residents.
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
The City of Pico Rivera has several departments
and policies focused on emergency response and
hazard mitigation, including the Emergency
Management Division, Information Systems
Division, Hazard Mitigation Plan, General Plan, and
forthcoming Flood Evacuation Plan. The City also
relies on Los Angeles County Fire Department's
Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) as
additional support. These efforts bolster the City’s
ability to respond to climate impacts, reducing the
risk of severe damage or failure of critical facilities and infrastructure (see Appendix C: Healthy
Communities Adaptive Capacity Efforts).
The City’s current adaptive capacity measures include:
• Assessing and improving infrastructure resilience to floods and other hazards. • Developing and updating emergency operation plans and disaster recovery plans.
• Providing warning systems and communication channels during emergencies to ensure public safety.
• Promoting redundancy for critical operations and improving local reliability and resiliency in the face of severe weather, blackouts, or climate-related impacts.
While these efforts provide a foundation to improve resilience to climate change, almost all of Pico Rivera’s critical facilities, infrastructure, and evacuation routes are exposed to climate impacts and certain residents face greater sensitivity to climate impacts because of factors such as linguistic isolation and age. This may require additional measures in the City and streamlined implementation of existing resiliencefocused policies and plans. For example, adaptive capacity could be improved by supporting enhanced data collection for hazard events to provide a fuller understanding of the community's hazard characteristics; developing comprehensive heat, drought, and flooding adaptation plans; and providing equitable disaster preparedness communication materials.
Physical Health
Extreme heat, extreme precipitation, poor air quality, and other climate impacts will lead to negative public health outcomes in Pico Rivera, such as increasing heat-related Pico Rivera Cooling Centers
The cooling centers within the
City boundaries are the LA
County Public Libraries on
Mines Avenue and Serapis
Avenue. The City has also
used the Pico Rivera Senior
Center as a designated
cooling center during extreme
heat events (City of Pico
Rivera, 2019).
Healthy Communities: Physical Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-30 and respiratory illnesses, exacerbating chronic health problems, and stressing the City’s healthcare system (Hall et al., 2018). While all residents will experience physical health impacts to some extent, some community members will be more sensitive to these impacts.
CLIMATE RISK
Extreme heat is considered one of the deadliest climate hazards (Chu et al., 2023).
Pico Rivera resides in a geographic area that is disproportionately exposed to extreme heat and has a relatively high social sensitivity (LA County, 2021), including high rates of cardiovascular disease, which increases the risk of health impacts from extreme heat (California Natural Resources Agency, 2024).
Heat health events are periods of high temperatures that cause negative public health impacts. The number of extreme heat days and the number of warm nights per year are projected to substantially increase in both the mid and long term (Table 6) (Pierce et al., 2018). These extreme heat events – especially if sustained across multiple consecutive days – can exacerbate chronic health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, and increase the risk of acute health conditions, such as sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion. For some groups, such as older adults or youth, heat health events can increase risk of premature death.
Table 6. Projected Changes to Extreme Heat Indicators in Pico Rivera Extreme Heat Indicators Baseline
(1961-1990)
Mid-century
(2035-2064)
End-century
(2070-2099)
Number of Extreme Heat Days—or days
when daily maximum temperature is
above 100 °F—per Year*
4 days/yr 20 days/yr 38 days/yr
Number of Warm Nights—or days when
daily minimum temperature is above
70.2 °F—per Year*
5 days/yr 37 days/yr 80 days/yr
*30-year average under a High Emissions (RCP 8.5) Scenario (Pierce et al., 2018).
Warm nights and high humidity pose significant dangers to physical health, as they prevent the body from cooling down, disrupting recovery from daytime heat and preventing effective sweat cooling (OEHHA, 2018). Pico Rivera will experience an additional 3.5 premature deaths per 100,000 people due to extreme heat under a 4°C warming scenario (EPA, 2021). These mortality risks are exacerbated for socially vulnerable populations such as the elderly, low-income households, socially isolated communities, and people with preexisting health conditions.
Drought often coincides with extreme heat, increasing the risk of heat-related health risks for individuals. The entirety of Pico Rivera is exposed and vulnerable to drought events. As of 2019, the city has experienced four major multi-year droughts since 1976 (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
Healthy Communities: Physical Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-31 Most of the census tracts in Pico Rivera rate in the 60th-80th percentile for disadvantaged communities across the state due to disproportionate exposure to environmental pollution (e.g., increased exposure to PM2.5, diesel particulate matter, toxic releases from traffic, lead exposure, and groundwater contamination), prevalence of chronic health conditions (e.g., high rates of cardiovascular disease), and other socioeconomic factors (e.g., linguistic isolation rates, lower percentage of secondary education) (OEHHA, 2018; PRIME, 2020). Because of this, certain community members will be more sensitive to the impacts of climate-related hazards such as extreme heat, drought, flooding, and smoke. Table 7 summarizes key factors that increase sensitivity to climate change for communities in Pico Rivera and their associated public health implications.
Table 7. Public Health Sensitivity in Pico Rivera
Sensitivity
Factor Climate and Public Health Risks
Impervious
surface
Much of the city is covered by impervious surfaces, which can exacerbate the urban heat island effect (City of Pico Rivera, 2018).
Within the City, only 52% of transit stops have shade and 21% have shelter; thus, residents who use public transit may be more susceptible to heat-related illnesses (City of Pico Rivera, 2023).
Healthcare
access
Limited healthcare access may hamper residents’ ability to adapt and recover before, during, and after extreme heat and poor air quality events. Pico Rivera ranks in the 30th percentile for healthcare access compared to other California cities (Public Health Alliance of Southern California, 2022). About 31% of adults lack health insurance, which is higher than the County average of 25% (LADPH, 2018).
Park and
open
space
access
Proximity to parks and open space is correlated with physical exercise habits and risks of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and other chronic illnesses (Orstad et al., 2020). Roughly 53% of Pico Rivera residents have access to a park within a half-mile walk (City of Pico Rivera, 2019), and the City was rated as having “Low Park Need” compared to other jurisdictions (Placeworks, 2016;Los Angeles County, 2016). However, the City has 1.28 acres per 1000 people of recreation spaces, which is less than the regional average of 8.10 acres per 1000 people (LADPH, 2018).
Additionally, areas lacking parks and tree cover exacerbate the urban heat island effect, heightening the health impacts of climate change and extreme heat events (EPA, 2021).
The Whittier Narrows Dam Safety Modification Project started in 2021, will impact 104-acres of park land—57% of all parks in the city (Hernandez, n.d.).
Healthy Communities: Physical Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-32 Sensitivity
Factor Climate and Public Health Risks
Proximity
to
freeways
Pico Rivera residents who live near major freeways experience poorer air quality due to vehicle-related emissions, such as diesel PM exposure. These communities also traditionally receive less public investment and resources and thus experience more health consequences from air pollution (LA County, 2021).
Chronic
health
conditions
Pico Rivera has high rates of diesel particulate matter and PM2.5 pollution, which will likely increase due to extreme heat and wildfire smoke. Since particulate matter is small, it can reach deep into the lungs, exacerbating and causing new cardiovascular and respiratory conditions (Public Health Alliance of Southern California, 2022; Tagaris et al., 2009).
Pico Rivera has very high rates of cardiovascular disease (OEHHA, 2018).
Nearly 46% of all victims from the 2006 California heat wave suffered from a pre-existing cardiovascular disease (California Natural Resources Agency, 2024).
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Pico Rivera already has a variety of plans and policies that enable health resilience, such as Pico Rivera’s 2015-2020 Community Health Improvement Plan, Hazard Mitigation Plan, General Plan, Urban Greening Plan, Historic Whittier Boulevard Multimodal Plan, and the Median Landscape Master Plan (see Appendix C: Healthy Communities Adaptive Capacity Efforts). These plans and policies include adaptive capacity measures focused on:
• Encouraging public education on healthy lifestyles and air quality effects. • Ensuring safe multimodal transportation, green space access, and livable neighborhoods.
• Improving water supply and security for residents.
• Enforcing safe and healthy housing occupancy laws.
Climate change will increase existing public health disparities across the City, necessitating additional measures to increase community resilience. To improve adaptive capacity in the physical health sector, the City could link climate adaptation strategies with social equity and public health, develop and implement an urban heat resilience strategy that includes land use, urban design, urban greening, cooling centers, and park access; and prioritize at-risk community members for actions that mitigate wildfire smoke and air quality by providing personal protective equipment and incentivize infrastructure updates for facilities that serve high-risk populations.
Healthy Communities: Mental & Community Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-33 Mental & Community Health
Climate change can stress mental and
community health in multiple ways, such
as increasing stress and anxiety from loss
of income (see Economic Development),
displacement, and impacts to food access
and security. Resources such as access to
healthcare, open space, social services,
and healthy foods can bolster adaptive
capacity and social cohesion in
communities, increasing their resilience
to climate impacts.
CLIMATE RISK
Climate change worsens social and environmental risk factors for mental health, leading to emotional distress, new mental health conditions, and exacerbating existing ones (Hayden et al., 2023). Exposure to extreme disaster events, such as floods, can cause anxiety, anger, depression, lethargy, hyperactivity, and sleeplessness.
Vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, those with chronic mental illness, immigrants, refugees, people experiencing homelessness, and those who are lowincome, face higher mental health risks during extreme events (Hayden et al., 2023).
In Pico Rivera, 7% of adults have been diagnosed with depression, less than the county average of 9% (LADPH, 2018). Post-disaster recovery efforts may worsen these mental health impacts, potentially leading to financial burdens and behavioral changes, particularly for children.
Food access and security can contribute to positive community health outcomes.
Approximately 34% of residents have access to a grocery store within a half mile walk, while 75% have access to a grocery store within a one-mile walk (LDSBP, 2019). Pico Rivera also has one farmers’ market and one community garden (City of Pico Rivera, 2014). Those with limited access to food services are more vulnerable to climate impacts due to longer distances to access food and reduced ability to obtain it. As of 2015, 20% of households in the City are considered food insecure, meaning household incomes is at least 300% below the federal poverty level, compared to 29% for LA County (LADPH, 2018).
Transit access can also promote health equity through better access to medical care, food, essential services, jobs, and social connections (Hayden et al., 2023). Figure 9 shows High-Quality Transit Areas (HQTAs), or areas within one half-mile of a wellserviced transit stop, compared to grocery store access in Pico Rivera (SCAG, 2020).
Whittier Boulevard and Rosemead Boulevard and Slauson Avenue sections are HQTAs, which are also areas with higher access to grocery stores. The southeast and central areas of Pico Rivera have lower access to quality transit and are further away from Mental Health and Climate in LA
County
In LA County, a 10°F increase in
same day mean apparent
temperature was associated with
increased risk of emergency room
visits for mental health disorders
(4.8% increase), self-injury and
suicide (5.8% increase), and
intentional injury/homicide (7.9%
increase) (Basu et al., 2018)
Healthy Communities: Mental & Community Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-34 grocery stores. A major component of maintaining health is accessing and affording quality, nutritious food (NCMM, 2018). Inadequate access to transportation is a key risk factor for experiencing food insecurity in Pico Rivera, leading to heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts due to greater distances to food sources and reduced accessibility to amenities (Indiana University, 2024). Because of these access issues, the southeast and central areas of the City may face additional vulnerability to extreme weather events, such as floods, which can disrupt already limited local transit and healthy food options.
Figure 9. Parcels in Pico Rivera with Grocery Store Density in High-Quality Transit Areas within a mile radius (SCAG, 2020).
This map shows parcels in Pico Rivera with grocery store density within one mile, overlaid with highquality transit access areas. Parcels with greater grocery store presence typically overlap with these transit-accessible zones.
Healthy Communities: Mental & Community Health
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-35
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
The City’s General Plan includes multiple measures that enhance the adaptive capacity of residents of Pico Rivera. These include enhancing quality of life through education, social services, and a healthy environment; providing public spaces for recreation and civic participation; and ensuring adequate healthcare and social services for residents (see Appendix C: Healthy Communities Adaptive Capacity Efforts).
The City has an opportunity to improve programs and community-led efforts that address community health by providing increased access to food retailers that promote affordability, individual and cultural preferences, and food quality and variety. To address community health more broadly, the City could actively seek input from communities historically excluded from government and climate policy-making processes and address displaced populations' social and mental health needs following disasters to improve social cohesion. Social cohesion can bolster the community's ability to adapt and foster cooperation during climate emergencies (PRIME, 2020).
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-36 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AT-A-GLANCE
The following risk assessment for the economic development section evaluates various climate risks affecting local businesses and labor in Pico Rivera and assesses its overall vulnerability.
Local Businesses
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Labor
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Economic Development: Economic Development Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-37 Economic Development Overview
Key Takeaways:
Projected impacts of extreme heat are estimated to
result in approximately 142,800 lost labor hours
annually, equivalent to $3,269,239 (2017 dollars) in
lost wages per year for climate-exposed
occupations.
Extreme precipitation can cause economic losses by
damaging property, infrastructure, and disrupting
working conditions, while flooding can harm
businesses and essential infrastructure such as
power systems and roads.
Drought in Pico Rivera can reduce water availability
for businesses, while wildfire smoke can hinder
labor productivity, potentially causing job losses,
reduced working hours, respiratory issues among
workers, and temporary business closures.
In Pico Rivera, climate hazards can significantly impact household finances by disrupting employment-related income and benefits. Pico Rivera’s economy sustains 1,455 businesses, employing 28,815 individuals, with a significant focus on Material Moving, Transportation, Production, and Wholesale Trades, distinguishing it from neighboring cities (PRIME, 2020).
Table 8. Pico Rivera's Largest Employment Sector and Associated Number of Workers (PRIME, 2020).
Employment Sector Associated Number of Workers
Manufacturing 4,414
Healthcare and Social Assistance 3,436
Retail/Wholesale Trade 3,345
Climate risks such as extreme heat and flooding will disrupt operations, damage infrastructure, and strain critical resources, affecting the City's largest workforce sector in manufacturing (Table 8 and Figure 12). Consequently, workers in climateexposed occupations such as manufacturing, transportation, and warehousing may face reduced working hours, job loss, or furloughs due to unsafe working conditions or infrastructure closures (EPA, 2023). Flooding can damage businesses and essential infrastructure such as power systems and roads (ACS, 2022). Prolonged exposure to climate hazards, such as extreme heat, can impair workers' physical and cognitive abilities, leading to lower productivity and earnings, and increased risk of injury.
Recurring climate events, like heatwaves or flooding, may extend unemployment Who is most at risk?
• Workers in climateexposed occupations
• The elderly, people
with disabilities
and/or individuals
with pre-existing
health conditions in
the workforce.
Economic Development: Local Businesses
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-38 periods, prolonging financial strain (U.S. Department of Treasury, n.d.). Additionally, extended time away from work can result in the loss of employer-provided benefits such as health insurance and paid leave, further impacting household finances in Pico Rivera. Limited resources leave low-income households and small businesses especially vulnerable to increased utility costs and transportation disruptions, further impacting job security (U.S. Department of Treasury, n.d.).
Local Businesses
CLIMATE RISKS
The industrial southwest faces the highest risk due to its dense employment centers, making it susceptible to disruptions from extreme weather events that could affect manufacturing and transportation activities. Prolonged drought conditions pose significant economic challenges to Pico Rivera’s businesses. Increased demand for water and electricity may lead to shortages and higher business costs, impacting local businesses' profit margins. Industries reliant on water, such as landscaping, are particularly vulnerable (City of Pico Rivera, 2019; Hanak et al., 2012). The City's strip commercial developments along major roadways, such as Whittier and Washington Boulevard, suffer from outdated urban design standards and congestion, hindering business operations and increasing their sensitivity to climate impacts (Figure 10).
Moreover, with only 7.9% of residents working and living within Pico Rivera and nearly half (47.3%) spending over 30 minutes commuting, transportation disruptions are particularly impactful (ACS, 2022).
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Pico Rivera’s businesses exhibit a strong adaptive capacity, bolstered by their strategic location near economic centers like downtown Los Angeles, extensive connectivity to highways, ports, freight railroad, intermodal transfer yards and a robust local industrial and skilled labor base. With diverse businesses offering varied employment opportunities, a stable housing market, and a supportive community, the City’s businesses may be more economically resilient against climate-related shocks (City of Pico Rivera, 2014; Kelly et al., 2017).
The City has laid out strategic policies to enhance adaptive capacity within Pico Rivera, such as retrofit programs and tools to modernize, upgrade, and intensify the use of older commercial and industrial buildings to be more competitive. These programs have emphasized commercial centers along Whittier Boulevard, Beverly Boulevard, Slauson Avenue, Telegraph Road and Durfee Avenue and older industrial areas in the northeastern and southwestern portions of the City (City of Pico Rivera, 2014).
Economic Development: Labor
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-39 Labor
CLIMATE RISKS
Outdoor workers in Pico Rivera, who comprise 6-10% of the City’s workforce, are highly vulnerable to extreme heat due to their physically demanding jobs and prolonged exposure during heat events (ACS, 2022; California Natural Resources Agency, 2024).
Additionally, workers in the
manufacturing, transportation, and
warehousing sector, which are
primarily in the northeastern and
southern parts of Pico Rivera, may face
difficult conditions without proper
climate control measures like air
conditioning (Figure 9). This can lead to
higher risks of heat-related illnesses
and injuries, reducing productivity and
earnings (EPA, 2023). By midcentury
(2035-2060), an additional 4.9°F of
warming relative to the historical
baseline (1991-2020) is projected,
resulting in approximately 142,800 lost
labor hours or the equivalent of
$3,269,239 (2017 dollars) in lost wages
per year for these climate-exposed
occupations in Pico Rivera (Figure 11)
(City of Pico Rivera, 2018). 7,8 Lowincome, older adult workers and those with pre-existing health issues are
especially susceptible to heat-related
hazards (see Physical Health section).
7 According to CMIP6 projections, 4°C of global warming, Los Angeles County is likely to experience 22 additional days over 100°F by midcentury, compared to a historical baseline of 1991-2020. 8 Based on average national wage estimated for climate-exposed industries ($23.02) and a total estimated number of climate exposed jobs (people who work in Pico Rivera) of 25,851 jobs.
Figure 10. Construction Workers Removing and
Reconstructing the Pavement for the Pico Rivera
Regional Bikeway Project.
Economic Development: Labor
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-40 Figure 11. Projected Lost Labor Hours and Wages under RCP 8.5.
The decline in local wages, whether acute or chronic, decreases household spending power and can affect market demand for goods and services local businesses provide.
Additionally, concerns about inadequate healthcare, protections, and potential employer retaliation for raising safety concerns heighten the economic vulnerability of outdoor workers in Pico Rivera. Climate change can amplify existing health and safety issues, causing further lost labor hours and straining financial safety nets if acute or chronic medical care is required.
Economic Development: Labor
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-41 Figure 12. Population and Employment Density in Pico Rivera (City of Pico Rivera, 2018).
Economic Development: Labor
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-42 Figure 13. Percentage of outdoor workers exposed to the urban heat island effect (California Natural Resources Agency, 2024).
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) has laid out strategic initiatives to enhance adaptive capacity within Pico Rivera. The emphasis on energy efficiency programs underscores a proactive approach to leveraging green job opportunities and bolstering economic resilience (PRIME, 2020). Plans to identify favorable sites for distributed generation, particularly through distributed solar installations, demonstrate a commitment to local energy resilience and job creation in renewable energy sectors (PRIME, 2020). However, the absence of targeted policies and strategies addressing working conditions leaves the labor subsector more vulnerable to adapting to climate impacts.
Collaborative efforts with local community colleges to develop tailored job training programs highlight a dedication to building a skilled workforce capable of meeting the evolving demands of the clean energy economy (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). Additionally, Economic Development: Labor
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-43 efforts to establish a national micro-EV tech hub and a regional manufacturing zone and business cluster aim to introduce and accelerate green jobs, zero-emission mobility alternatives, and economic development. Colleges, universities, and labor groups are members of the consortium, further supporting these initiatives.
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-44 WATER RESOURCES: AT-A-GLANCE
The following risk assessment for the economic development section evaluates various climate risks affecting stormwater, wastewater facilities, and water supply in Pico Rivera and assesses its overall vulnerability.
Stormwater & Wastewater Facilities
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Water Supply
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Water Resources: Water Resources Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-45 Water Resources Overview
Key Takeaways
Extreme precipitation events may back up stormwater,
sewer, and wastewater systems, leading to localized
flooding and risk of contamination of drinking water.9
While the likelihood of Whittier Narrows Dam failing due to climate stressors is very low, nearly all of Pico
Rivera’s land and residents are in the projected
inundation zone.
Periods of drought, coupled with rising temperatures, will decrease water availability for residential and
commercial use. Water shortages may strain the city's
water supply infrastructure and require rationing or
restrictions.
During intense precipitation events, stormwater and
sewer systems can back up, increasing the risk of
contamination of drinking water supply.
The El Niño and La Niña weather patterns, which drive swings between extreme precipitation and drought in Southern California, are projected to amplify over the next century. These abrupt shifts between dry and wet weather can potentially impact Pico Rivera’s water systems, including stormwater, wastewater facilities, and water supply. Additionally, prolonged droughts exacerbate these challenges, placing further strain on water resources and necessitating adaptive measures to ensure the resilience of Pico Rivera's water management systems in the face of climate variability.
STORMWATER & WASTEWATER FACILITIES
Climate Risk
WASTEWATER
Pico Rivera’s sewer system consists of 110 miles of sewer and 2,516 manholes that serve about 13,930 parcels, including residents, industrial facilities, and commercial properties. Sewage is collected locally and delivered to the regional trunk lines, from which wastewater flows to the Los Coyotes Water Reclamation Plant of LACSD in the City of Cerritos (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
9 Runoff from more frequent and intense extreme precipitation events will contribute to contamination of drinking water sources with pathogens and algal toxins and place additional stresses on the capacity of drinking water treatment facilities and distribution systems ( Who is most at
risk?
Flood risks to homes,
businesses,
community areas,
parks, in southwest
Pico Rivera due to
high impervious
surfaces and other
low-lying areas.
Water Resources: Water Resources Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-46 During intense precipitation events, wastewater systems and treatment plants can flood and overflow. Climate change is not likely to significantly raise the risk of waterborne illnesses for individuals using treated drinking water systems, provided that proper treatment and distribution are maintained. Nonetheless, the anticipated increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heavy precipitation and associated flooding, indicates that drinking water infrastructure could face a higher risk of disruption or failure due to damage or the systems being overwhelmed. If wastewater treatment plants malfunction due to flooding, untreated wastewater can spill into homes, businesses, community areas, parks, and other lowlying areas (City of Pico Rivera, 2019; Trtanj et al., 2016).
STORMWATER
Urban watersheds in LA County lose 90% of storm rainfall to runoff, increasing flood discharge rates and reducing stormwater retention, which is integral to aquifer recharge and preserving local water supply (Hall et al., 2018). Between 57 and 69% of Pico Rivera’s surfaces are impermeable, and channeled rivers border two sides of the city, making it especially susceptible to rainfall runoff (Figure 14) (LA County, 2021).
Water Resources: Water Resources Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-47 Figure 14. Impervious surfaces, pump stations, and storm drain density in Southwest Pico Rivera. 10 Nearly all of Pico Rivera’s land and residents lie in the inundation zone of Whittier Narrows Dam failure. Low-lying parts of the city are also at risk of flooding if any of the City’s seven and LA County’s one active stormwater lift stations malfunction (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). Areas in southwest Pico Rivera may be particularly susceptible to flooding due to pump station failure because of higher levels of impervious surfaces.
Adaptive Capacity
The City of Pico Rivera has an extensive drainage system to protect its residents and property from stormwater flood damage. City and County storm drains are designed to carry flow from average storms. The combination of storm drainpipe and street 10 This map displays Pico Rivera census tracts by impervious surfaces percentage overlaid with locations of pump stations and density of storm drain locations. In Southwest Pico Rivera, where the zoomed-in map focuses, higher levels of impervious surfaces are inversely correlated with sparser amounts of storm drains (CHAT, Pico Rivera GIS Department).
Water Resources: Water Resources Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-48 conveyance of stormwater strives to provide capacity for up to a 25-year storm11 (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). However, as storms become more intense – for instance, as extreme rain events driven by atmospheric rivers – these conveyance systems may not be able to provide sufficient drainage. Regional flood control structures include the Whittier Narrows Dam, which captures stormwater flows for groundwater replenishment, and the Rio Hondo and San Gabriel spreading grounds adjacent to the Rio Hondo and San Gabriel rivers (City of Pico Rivera, 2014).
WATER SUPPLY
Pico Rivera’s water supply is managed by two different agencies: the Pico Rivera Water Authority (PRWA) and the Pico Water District. Both agencies source local groundwater from the Central Basin, along with 27 other agencies under the California Department of Water Resources management. PRWA currently provides drinking water to approximately 70% of the City’s incorporated area, while the Pico Water District serves 30% (Pico Water District, 2021).
The Pico Rivera Water Operations Division manages the distribution and treatment of drinking water for approximately 9,400 service connections and can provide more than 16,500 gallons of water per minute. The water system comprises over 90 miles of pipeline, with eight active wells, nine booster pumps, three storage reservoirs, and 875 fire hydrants (City of Pico Rivera, 2016).
Additionally, the Water Replenishment District (WRD) Albert Robles Center annually purifies about 10,000 acre-feet (3.25 billion gallons) of recycled water. The WRD, in collaboration with other suppliers of recycled water from the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, also delivers up to 71,000 acre-feet of water annually to the Montebello Forebay Spreading Grounds, facilitating groundwater recharge in the Central Basin (WRD, 2024).
Climate Risks
Water supply infrastructure vulnerable to drought in Pico Rivera includes wells, water distribution, groundwater recharge basins and spreading grounds, and water treatment plants (LA County, 2021).
The City relies on groundwater, and natural replenishment of the groundwater supply is limited to surface inflow through the Whittier Narrows, the San Gabriel River and Rio Hondo River Basins, including the Water Replenishing District of Southern California groundwater replenishing plant (City of Pico Rivera, 2014). Historical drought data show four significant multi-year droughts in the region since 1976. In 12 of the last 40 years, Pico Rivera has experienced various levels of drought, which equates to a drought every three years. As temperatures rise, the probability of future droughts is projected to increase (City of Pico Rivera Water Operations Division, 2022). 11 A 25-year storm refers to a rainfall event that has a 4% probability of occurring in any given year, based on statistical analysis of historical precipitation data.
Water Resources: Water Resources Overview
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-49 Additionally, as extreme rain events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, existing sources may have insufficient capacity to retain this precipitation, integral to aquifer recharge and preserving local water supply (Hall et al., 2018) Figure 15: Monthly precipitation and groundwater recharge at Rio Hondo spreading grounds (Last 18 Years). 12
Adaptive Capacity
Capturing stormwater runoff from streets and parking lots and directing it to areas designed to percolate can recharge the local groundwater, increase the local water supply, and reduce the impacts of pollutants on the San Gabriel River and Rio Hondo Channel (City of Pico Rivera, 2018; Diringer et al., 2020). In addition to mitigating flood risk, stormwater capture is important because Pico Rivera lies in a groundwater recharge area that replenishes local aquifers that supply drinking water for the rest of the County (Figure 15) (City of Pico Rivera, 2018).
Pico Rivera Water Operations Division and other stakeholders have taken provisions and measures to analyze and account for anticipated water shortages to protect life, safety, and health, while encouraging conservation, during consecutive dry years. By coordinating with residents, the Water Operations Division can minimize and reduce impacts on residents and other water consumers in the city (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). 12 This chart shows the precipitation and amount of precipitation water that percolated into the ground from the Rio Hondo spreading grounds, by month, over the last 18 years The difference between the precipitation amounts and the aquifer recharge amount is the opportunity for stormwater capture.
Figure created by Cascadia Consulting Group.
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-50 BUILT INFRASTRUCTURE: AT-A-GLANCE
The following risk assessment for the built infrastructure section evaluates various climate risks affecting transportation, housing and energy in Pico Rivera and assesses its overall vulnerability.
Transportation
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Housing
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Energy
Climate Stressor Climate Risk Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Extreme Heat
Extreme Precipitation
Drought
Wildfire/Wildfire Smoke
Built Infrastructure: Built Infrastructure Overview
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-51 Built Infrastructure Overview
Key Takeaways
Extreme heat poses significant risks to both energy
and transportation infrastructure.
Flood risk exists for energy infrastructure due to
transmission lines and gas pipelines crossing flood
zones, while housing infrastructure faces flood risk
from proximity to flood zones and low flood
insurance adoption.
Drought presents some risk to energy systems,
while transportation infrastructure faces minimal
risk.
Wildfire risk to both energy and housing
infrastructure is considered low, with transportation
infrastructure also at low risk due to the remote
likelihood of wildfires.
The built infrastructure sector faces many challenges and impacts climate change brings. For instance, extreme heat can lead to buckling and crackling of roads and railways; warmer temperatures and heatwaves will lead to increased consumption within the energy grid, making it difficult for providers to meet demand (Burbank et al., 2014). The following components are included in this CVA. Transportation: arterial roadways, highways, rail lines, bus routes, and bicycle paths.
Housing: housing stock/supply, insurance rates, and age and condition of housing.
Energy: generation, transmission and distribution lines, substations, and renewables.
Transportation
Transportation enables economic and social activity for Pico Rivera and its adjacent communities. The City of Pico Rivera features a roadway network characterized by high east/westbound travel volumes and freight traffic traversing arterial roadways and multiple rail lines. However, this leads to traffic congestion and backups during peak hours, exacerbated by a lack of functional bicycle routes.
Despite the presence of several state and interstate highways, including the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5) to the south, the San Gabriel River Freeway (I-605) to the east, and the Pomona Freeway (CA-60) to the north, there is low public transit utilization and limited transit access citywide. Nonetheless, Pico Rivera's integration into the regional What is most at risk?
• Transmission lines
and gas pipelines
• Older housing stock
• Aging transportation
infrastructure in
flood zones
Built Infrastructure: Transportation
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-52 transportation network ensures good connectivity with surrounding cities in the Los Angeles basin, providing redundancy in the roadway network during climate events (City of Pico Rivera, 2014, 2019; LA County, 2022).
While no train stations currently exist within Pico Rivera, residents have access to commuter rail via the nearby Commerce and Montebello stations (CalState Geoportal).
Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) and Union Pacific railroads own and maintain railways throughout the city, with approximately 100 freight and passenger trains traversing the corridor daily (City of Pico Rivera, 2014). Public transportation is provided by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA County Metro) and the Montebello and Downey link bus lines (City of Pico Rivera, 2014).
CLIMATE RISKS
Climate change and extreme weather events pose major challenges to transportation infrastructure and public safety. Extreme heat can cause buckling and cracking roads, bridges, and railways. The 500-year flood event could inundate all transportation infrastructure, including railways, roads, bus stops, and EV stations (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). Flooding can also affect the structural integrity of tunnels and bridges.
Additionally, a 100-year flood could impact several railways, highways, arterials, and over 3.5 miles of bike pathways that traverse the flood zones along the Rio Hondo and San Gabriel rivers (Figure 16).
Built Infrastructure: Transportation
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-53 Figure 16: Transportation assets in the 100-year and 500-year floodplains (LA County GIS, 2024; Pico Rivera GIS, 2024).
LA County Metro has nearly 900 transit assets, including two LA County Metro railways and multiple bus lines, that are at high or extreme risk of heat events (LA County Metro, n.d.). Extreme heat poses additional risks to Pico Rivera’s transportation network, particularly in the northern part of the City where the urban heat island effect is stronger, where it can lead to railroad tracks, roads, and bridges cracking, buckling, or sagging within Pico Rivera (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
As extreme weather becomes more frequent within the region, transportation infrastructure with a design life of 50 years or older, such as Caltrans bridges, may face increased rates of corrosion and degradation (Caltrans, 2019). For instance, all highway state bridges in Pico Rivera were built before 1976, indicating they are nearing or exceeding their 50-year lifespan and are, therefore, more sensitive to climate hazards like extreme heat and flooding (Caltrans, 2019).13 Additionally, 78 of the 153 13 This data was drawn from Caltrans District 4 Vulnerability Assessment Map. Map of District 4 state highway system (SHS) and its potential vulnerability to climate change impacts.
Built Infrastructure: Housing
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-54 bus stops in Pico Rivera require maintenance or repairs, increasing their sensitivity to climate impacts (Pico Rivera GIS Department, 2024).
Nearly 8 miles of railways – belonging to the Riverside Commuter Rail Line and the Gold Line – run through the City, and rail infrastructure elements such as overhead catenary lines, hydraulic systems, and signal switches may face increased malfunctions and reduced reliability due to overheating (LA County Metro, n.d.; LA County, 2022).
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Many regional transit authorities, such as Caltrans and LA County Metro, have already conducted previous climate vulnerability assessments and climate adaptation plans to prepare for future climate change. While Pico Rivera did not lead these, these regional investments benefit Pico Rivera’s transportation reliability and resilience.
Pico Rivera is situated in a highly connected area of LA County, providing redundant transit routes that can be leveraged during extreme weather events.
The Urban Greening Plan also includes measures such as converting roads into green streets and implementing other low-impact development strategies such as increasing tree canopy, pervious pavements, and drainage breaks along street curbs (City of Pico Rivera, 2018). These measures will also improve Pico Rivera’s adaptive capacity to future climate change impacts.
Housing
Climate change can affect housing stock, affordability, and quality. Higher temperatures and increased variability in weather patterns, which can affect the quality of current housing conditions. Additionally, regional impacts such as catastrophic flooding or wildfires may reduce regional housing stock, potentially leading to rises in housing values and rental prices (Mangar et al., 2022).
The City of Pico Rivera has an estimated housing stock of 17,173 units, with a 97% rate of occupancy and a 67% ownership rate. Single-family houses account for over 80% of Pico Rivera homes, and multifamily homes account for about 17% of households, which is significantly less than the rest of the Southern California region, where multifamily homes account for about 35% of all housing structures (Figure 17) (SCAG, 2020). Additionally, 2.9% of the Pico Rivera housing stock comprises mobile homes, and about 5% are considered substandard housing – meaning they lack telephone service, plumbing, or complete kitchen facilities.
Built Infrastructure: Housing
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-55 Figure 17. Housing Stock in Pico Rivera
CLIMATE RISKS
The 100-year floodplain can impact homes and properties near the Rio Hondo and San Gabriel rivers. For example, several single-family homes along the southern end of the San Gabriel River may experience repeated flooding due to its proximity to the 100-year floodplain. Additionally, several multi-family home parcels and mobile homes may experience repeated flooding in the northwestern part of Pico Rivera.
Despite the flooding risks, there is little awareness of flooding risk among residents, as 78% of respondents to the Pico Rivera hazards survey weren’t sure whether their home was in a floodplain (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). Moreover, about 80% of residents report that they do not have flood insurance, affecting the ability of residents to repair after a major flood event. The City faces additional challenges due to construction of older buildings taking place before the effective date of the initial Flood Insurance Rate Map (pre-FIRM). These buildings are more susceptible to flood impacts, which could lead to substantial increases in flood insurance costs for owners and occupants, expecting to reduce the accessibility to flood insurance (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
In addition to low rates of flood insurance, the age of the housing stock may make some structures more sensitive to climate change. Pico Rivera’s housing quality ranks in the lowest quartile for all of California’s municipalities (California Natural Resources Agency, 2014). Many safety codes – such as seismic enforcement provisions – were passed in the early 1990s. Additionally, older homes are generally less insulated and, therefore, more sensitive to extreme heat and poor air quality. Almost all housing in Pico Rivera (87%) is at least thirty years old (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). Moreover, 50% of the housing stock was built between 1950 and 1959, making half of the homes in Built Infrastructure: Housing
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-56 Pico Rivera older than 60 years (Figure 18) (SCAG, 2020). The threshold of 60 years for housing age often marks a significant point in a home's lifecycle, signaling potential challenges related to aging infrastructure, outdated building codes, and increased susceptibility to wear and tear.
Figure 18: Housing units by year structure built (SCAG).
Approximately 3% of Pico Rivera households are classified as mobile homes. Mobile homes are of particular concern because they are more susceptible to overheating. A study conducted in Arizona found that despite only making up 5% of the population, mobile home residents accounted for about 30% of all indoor heat-related deaths (Charley et al., 2023).
Although unlikely, wildfires could potentially impact Pico Rivera's housing infrastructure. Despite not bordering any wildland fire zones, the City has faced National Weather Service red flag wildfire warnings multiple times. Late summer fires, fueled by brush accumulation, have the potential to spread into the city, as seen with the Rosemead fire in 2021, which started just north of Pico Rivera (Martin, 2021).
About a third of Pico Rivera’s housing parcels (approximately 4,000 of the City’s 13,000 parcels) are in areas with a relatively stronger urban heat island effect. Households in this area can experience accelerated degradation of home-building materials and expansion of the structure, both of which can lead to less stability in home foundations (CISA, n.d.).
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
The City has taken some measures to improve the climate resiliency of Pico Rivera’s housing structures. For instance, upstream flood control measures have reduced the area of the City within the 100-year flood risk zone (City of Pico Rivera, 2019) Additionally, Pico Rivera has housing rehabilitation programs, increasing the efficiency and design life of housing. Similarly, the Pico Rivera 2014-2021 Housing Element has a large emphasis on developing new housing in targeted development areas while improving the quality of existing housing (City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
Built Infrastructure: Energy
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-57 Energy
Energy systems will face a variety of challenges due to climate change. Rising temperatures will strain electrical grids and natural gas networks. Flooding, wildfires, and extreme weather can reduce the reliability of energy production, transmission, and distribution systems. Impacts such as drought will diminish the output of hydropower and reduce water availability for cooling in power plants.
The energy sector of Pico Rivera is composed of three different providers. Pico Rivera Innovative Municipal Energy (PRIME) and Southern California Edison (SCE) are the City’s electricity providers, while Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) provides Pico Rivera with natural gas. SCE operates 4 substations within Pico Rivera and manages 15 transmission and distribution lines. SoCalGas owns about 7 miles of natural gas transmission pipelines across the City.
CLIMATE RISKS
Increased flooding risks may damage energy transmission systems at risk and can lead to dam overtopping (see Water Resources section). In such a scenario, 17 critical utility infrastructure assets would be within the inundation zone)(Association of State Dam Safety Officials, 2018; City of Pico Rivera, 2019).
The 100-year flood has the potential to damage various infrastructure components.
For instance, multiple powerline structures are situated within the 100-year floodplain adjacent to the San Gabriel channel, posing a risk of damage during significant flood events. Repeated flooding can corrode or damage SoCalGas’ natural gas distribution pipelines (Łaciak et al., 2020) While the City is implementing pipeline safety regulations, older pipelines that are exposed to repeated flood events can fail, posing a greater safety risk to the communities.
Hot days in the summer or heatwaves can increase strain on the energy grid by increasing cooling energy demand. SCE found that by 2030, much of its service area will be exposed to temperatures greater than 115°F for multiple days, leading to a potential 600% increase in the risk of power outages (SCE, 2022) Additionally, extreme heat can impact energy generation, transmission, and distribution. For example, high ambient temperatures can cause line sagging for transmission lines, posing both safety risks and risks of blackouts or brownouts (Stone et al., 2023). High temperatures can also overheat substations, affecting their efficiency, or causing them to malfunction or fail (SCE, 2022). The Bartolo and Narrows substations and several electrical transmission lines to the north experience higher levels of the urban heat island effect (Figure 19).
Built Infrastructure: Energy
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-58 Figure 19. Map of energy assets – including transmission lines, natural gas pipelines, and substations – and urban heat islands in Pico Rivera (California Natural Resources Agency, 2024; LA County, 2022) Drought can reduce the viability and reliability of hydropower as an energy source for Pico Rivera and the broader region in the future. Because of this, there is a small likelihood that LA County may be more reliant on natural gas in the future (LA County, 2021). Additionally, 53 of the 683 natural gas-fired thermal generating facilities are at least 30 years old, potentially making them more sensitive to various climate risks because of facility age (Hall et al., 2018).
The City’s electrical system is already at risk to strong Santa Ana winds, and homes near mature trees or overhead power lines may be more susceptible to wind damage and blackouts (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). Additionally, wood poles, which are heavily utilized in SCE’s transmission and distribution systems, may fail during high winds as climate-related hazards such as extreme heat accelerate wood decay and corrosion (SCE, 2022).
Built Infrastructure: Energy
v
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-59
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
The City’s energy providers have already begun implementing a suite of actions that have increased the adaptive capacity of Pico Rivera’s energy systems. For instance, PRIME has taken actions to add resiliency to their energy grid, and minimize their contribution to air pollutants by:
Taking several steps to mitigate the risk of reduced hydropower availability that may result from future in-state droughts z its energy sources with other planned sources such as geothermal and solar power (PRIME, 2022). Exploring demand-side energy management options, such as demand response, energy efficiency, and behind-meter energy demand solutions (PRIME, 2022).
Launching a program to establish distributed energy resources within municipal buildings, including solar PV, battery storage, and EV charging stations (CALCCA, n.d.).
SCE has also increased adaptive capacity within its service area by conducting a climate vulnerability assessment detailing the sensitivities and risks of its assets (PRIME, 2022). In a similar fashion, SoCalGas is currently conducting a system-wide climate vulnerability assessment.
Bibliography
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-60
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F. (2017). Ch. 1: Our Globally Changing Climate. Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I. https://doi.org/10.7930/J08S4N35 Yang, J., Alisan, O., Ma, M., Ozguven, E. E., Huang, W., & Vijayan, L. (2023). Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Emergency Shelters with a Consideration of Sea Level Rise in Northwest Florida. Sustainability, 15(13), 10263. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310263 Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-65
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Data Sources
Document Name Year
Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019
Local Development and Sustainability Business Plan (LDSBP) 2020 Pico Rivera General Plan 2014
Integrated Resource Plan 2022
Urban Greening Plan 2018
Pico Rivera 2035: Community Revitalization Program and Revitalization Program (HWB) 2023
Emergency Management Plan
LA County Vulnerability Assessment 2021
Southern California Climate Adaptation Framework SB 379 Guidebook 2021 Gateway Cities Climate Action Planning Framework 2018
CA Fourth Climate Change Assessment: Los Angeles Region 2018 Healthy Places index 2024
CalEnviroScreen 2024
California Heat Tool 2024
EPA Social Vulnerability 2021
Governor’s Office of Planning and Research Adaptation Clearinghouse 2024 SoCal CAF Adaptation Infrastructure Impacts and Resilience Project Tracker 2022 California Adaptation Planning Guide 2020
SCAG Housing Element Parcel Tool 2023
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-66 Appendix B. Vulnerability Ranking
Framework
Table 9 and Table 10 below provide details for low, moderate, and high ranking for both climate (exposure and sensitivity) and adaptive capacity.
Table 9. Climate Risk (Exposure + Sensitivity)
Low Moderate High
Low exposure to climate
impacts.
• Climate projections 100
years from now have a
low probability of
occurring. If the
projections don’t
indicate significant
change by 2040, then it
could be considered
"low”.
• Wildfire events in San
Gabriels mountains that
would result in potential
displacement or damage
to infrastructure and/or
city assets is unlikely to
occur (note: this does
not include wildfire
smoke impacts).
Moderate exposure to
climate impacts.
• The climate impact in
2040 has observable
difference in average,
peak, or low compared
to historic conditions.
• Currently, Pico Rivera
experiences about 0-8
extreme precipitation
days, and in the future,
this can range from 0-13
events/year (midcentury), 0-15
events/year (endcentury) extreme
precipitation days under
RCP 8.5 scenario.
Observing El Nino and
La Nina weather
patterns driving swings
of drought and storms
like atmospheric rivers.
Thus, the probability of
extreme drought and
extreme precipitation is
moderate.
High exposure to climate
impacts.
• The climate impact in
2040 has a significant
difference in average,
peak, or low compared
to historic data and Pico
Rivera has already
experienced recordbreaking conditions that
look closer to future
climate projections (e.g.,
observing El Nino and La
Nina weather patterns
driving swings of
drought and storms).
• Currently, Pico Rivera is
experiencing historic
extreme heat events
and successively
warmer years, which is
projected to continue.
Thus, there is a high
probability of this
impact to occur.
• El Nino years are likely
to lead to higher
precipitation years, and
La Nina is likely to lead
to more intense
drought. The
phenomenon is
historical and will
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-67 Low Moderate High
continue to impact Pico
Rivera, but more
intensely.
• Wildfires in the San
Gabriel mountains are
highly likely to increase
in size and frequency
which would result in
significant wildfire
smoke and air quality
impacts to Pico Rivera.
Low sensitivity of climate
change impacts affecting
the sector:
• Some sectors may be
exposed to a climate
impact, but they might
not be especially
sensitive to that impact.
Moderate sensitivity of
climate change impacts
affecting the sectors:
• Sectors are exposed and
are sensitive to the
climate impact but can
still maintain some
function during the
climate exposure due to
system redundancy.
• Flooding will only be an
issue for multiple roads,
but main routes are still
accessible, so overall
sensitivity is moderate.
High sensitivity of climate
change impacts affecting
the sectors:
• Sectors are exposed and
are sensitive to the
climate impact and have
significantly reduced
system function during
climate event.
Considerations and
examples (Healthy
Communities):
• Tree canopy coverage is
high compared to LA
County.
• Heat-related illness
from heat/drought
could occur but species
diversity and/or tree
canopy coverage could
minimize impact.
Considerations and
examples (Healthy
Communities):
• Increased heat-related
illnesses like heat
exhaustion, heatstroke,
and an increased
exposure to poor air
quality are expected to
increase due to heat
and drought conditions,
but tree canopy
coverage could minimize
impact.
Considerations and
examples (Healthy
Communities):
• Extreme precipitation
events may lead to
flooding, impacting
emergency services and
causing water damage
to homes, businesses,
and critical
infrastructure.
• Prolonged heatwaves
pose significant health
risks, particularly for
vulnerable populations
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-68 Low Moderate High
• Much of Pico Rivera is
covered by impervious
surfaces, exacerbating
the urban heat island
effect. The City also has
significantly fewer parks
per person compared to
LA County. Areas with
the highest impervious
surface area and lowest
park area also have the
lowest tree canopy
density.
such as the elderly,
young children, and
individuals with preexisting health
conditions.
• Increased heat-related
illnesses like heat
exhaustion, heatstroke,
and an increased
exposure to poor air
quality are expected to
increase due to heat
and drought conditions.
Considerations and
examples (Economic
Development):
• Flooding will only be an
issue on one road, but
all other roads will be
fine, so overall
sensitivity is low.
Considerations and
examples (Economic
Development):
• Extreme precipitation
and drought can lead to
economic losses
through damage to
property and
infrastructure,
disruption to working
conditions, and
potential business
closures, or job
displacement.
Considerations and
examples (Water
Resources):
• While the risk of a level
of precipitation leading
to dam failure is very
low, if it does occur, the
city's exposure and
sensitivity to severe
flooding would be
significantly heightened,
resulting in widespread
damage and disruption.
Considerations and
examples (Water
Resources):
Flooding will likely cause
moderate exposure and
sensitivity with minor
water accumulation in
low-lying areas, streets,
and poorly drained
locations, which could
become more severe if
pumps fail.
Considerations and
examples (Water
Resources):
• Periods of drought will
lead to decreased water
availability for both
residential and
commercial use. Water
shortages may strain
the city's water supply
infrastructure and
require rationing or
restrictions.
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-69 Low Moderate High
Considerations and
examples (Built
Infrastructure):
Flooding will only be an
issue on one road, but all
other roads will be fine,
so overall sensitivity is
low.
Considerations and
examples (Built
Infrastructure):
• Increased demand for
energy during extreme
heat events will likely
strain the power grid,
leading to increased
blackouts or brownouts.
Infrastructure such as
roads and railways may
also suffer damage due
to extreme
temperatures.
• Extreme heat and
precipitation will likely
damage powerlines and
transmissions and
distribution systems
Table 10. Adaptive Capacity (what the city is doing, planning on doing, and has capacity to accomplish) Low Moderate High
The sector is plan and
resource poor or there
is little redundancy.
They may have a plan
and some staff, but
limited resources within
the sector.
Plans and resources
are in place that
address climate issues
but may not account
for future climate
trajectories. There is
staff capacity and
resources available to
address the climate
impacts coming to the
sector.
Robust plans in place with
staffing and resources for
implementation. Actions are
being taken to address the
issue and those actions are
already having an impact.
Link: https://cig.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/02/IntroductoryGuidanceClimateAdaptation-FINAL_2024_redsize-3.pdf.
The consultant team ranked the climate risk and adaptive capacity of each subsector using a double coder method, wherein one consultant provided qualitative rankings (low, moderate-low, moderate, moderate-high, high) based on the criteria detailed in Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-70 tables 9 and 10, and a second consultant reviewed the ranking for accuracy and consistency, making any adjustments as needed. Figure 20 shows how overall vulnerability scores were determined based on climate risk and adaptive capacity rankings.
Figure 20. Overall Vulnerability Matrix
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-71 Appendix C: Healthy Communities Adaptive
Capacity Efforts
The following appendix provides details on Pico Rivera plans, departments, and policies aimed at increasing adaptive capacity for residents across priority areas.
CRITICAL FACILITIES & EMERGENCY RESPONSE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY Pico Rivera has several departments and programs focused on emergency response and hazard mitigation, as shown in Table 8 (City of Pico Rivera, 2019). See the Critical Facilities & Emergency Response Adaptive Capacity section for additional information.
Table 11. Emergency Services Adaptive Capacity
Department,
Program, or Plan Emergency Response and Hazard Mitigation Efforts Department of
Public Works
• Assesses infrastructure damage post-hazard incidents. • Identifies areas requiring frequent maintenance for the flood control system.
• Carries out post-disaster debris cleaning.
• Maintains FEMA Flood Insurance and Repetitive Loss
Properties data (currently none in the city).
Emergency
Management
Division
• Coordinates citywide planning, training, and mitigation efforts for hazards.
• Operates the City Emergency Operations Center to
coordinate all hazard incidents, and provides public
information on emergency alert systems, notifications,
evacuations, and sheltering.
• Manages emergency operations plans and provides disaster awareness and emergency preparedness information to the public.
Community
Emergency
Response Team
(CERT)
• Developing a disaster recovery plan to provide support services, evaluate emergency facilities, and determine facility needs after a disaster (HMP, 17-2).
• Training is ongoing for the CERT, which is open to anyone 16 years or older interested in learning basic safety and lifesaving skills that can help keep others safe after a disaster (Source).
Information
Systems Division
(ISD)
• Implements emergency operations center management
software support and develop a disaster communication plan (HMP, 17-4).
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-72 Department,
Program, or Plan Emergency Response and Hazard Mitigation Efforts Pico Rivera
General Plan
• Includes several policies to increase adaptive capacity for emergency operations and critical facilities (General Plan):
• Safety Element: Develop inter-agency emergency
communication systems. Enhance community readiness,
response, and recovery. Standardize emergency
management plans and mutual aid agreements. Improve
evacuation routes and require resilient construction for critical facilities. Ensure sufficient emergency response infrastructure and staffing. Promote public education for disaster preparedness (9-13).
• Community Facilities Element: Provide staffing,
equipment, and training for fire and medical services.
Maintain required fire flow pressure and water storage.
Ensure reliable water supply and distribution (6-14).
• Circulation Element: Allow for circulation and emergency vehicle access where permitted (5-27).
Whittier Narrows
Flood Evacuation
Plan
• Considers the probable impacts of climate in assessing the risk associated with the dam failure hazard, establish early warning capability downstream of high hazard dams, and
relocate critical facilities out of dam failure inundation zones Pico Rivera
Senior Center
Cooling Center
• Has served as a designated cooling center for residents (HMP, 7-5).
Hazard Mitigation
Plan
• Promotes building redundancy for critical operations or retrofitting critical facilities to respond to hazards.
Local
Development and
Sustainability
Business Plan
(LDSBP)
• Calls for distributed energy resources (DERs), including building electrification, energy efficiency, battery storage, and microgrid technology in order to improve local reliability and resiliency in the face of severe weather, blackouts, or climate-related impacts, by keeping the lights on in critical facilities and managing efficient energy use (LDSBP, 18).
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-73
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Climate change will increase existing public health disparities and impacts in the city, necessitating adaptive capacity measures to increase community resilience. The City establishes public health and climate measures through plans such as the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan, General Plan, and Urban Greening Plan, as described in Table
9. See the Physical Health Adaptive Capacity section for additional information.
Table 12. Physical Health Adaptive Capacity
Department,
Program, or
Plan
Physical Health Adaptive Capacity Efforts
Hazard
Mitigation
Plan
• Minimize urban impacts via policies on emissions, pollutants, industrial consolidation, truck schedules, park and ride lots, funding, and adaptation, and encourage public education on air quality, health effects, and emission reduction (5-13). • Flood Control: Provide extensive drainage system to protect against flood damage (11-7).
• Field Operations Division: Ensure safe traffic flow by maintaining public infrastructure (13).
• Water Operations Division: Provide drinking water, manage pipelines, wells, pump stations, reservoirs, and hydrants for safe drinking water for the public (13).
• Building Division: Enforce construction and occupancy laws for public health and safety (13).
Pico Rivera
General Plan
• Land Use Element: Provide public health and safety protection and improve safety, livability, and quality of housing. • Community Facilities Element: Provide maintained wastewater treatment to ensure community health and safety.
• Circulation Element: Facilitate traffic calming, neighborhood livability, and bicycle and pedestrian networks to maintain health and safety of neighborhoods.
• Environmental Resources Element: Promote air quality
improvement, greenhouse gas reduction, toxic air pollutant control, indoor air quality enhancement, and public education on air quality to improve public health.
• Healthy Communities Element: Provide public education on healthy lifestyles, organize public health events, and community health monitoring. Provide access to affordable, quality healthcare and identify transit-accessible healthcare facilities.
Pico Rivera
Urban
Greening Plan
• Provide bike lanes, pedestrian facility improvements, and active transportation to increase safety and greenways in the City. • Increase mobility for community members in Pico Rivera to reduce community vulnerability to climate change and support public health.
Appendices
Appendix D. Pico Rivera Climate Vulnerability Assessment | D-74
MENTAL & COMMUNITY HEALTH ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Current City plans improve mental health conditions and community health for residents of Pico Rivera through several plans and programs outlined in Table 10. See the Mental & Community Health Adaptive Capacity section for additional information.
Table 13. Mental & Community Health Adaptive Capacity
Department,
Program, or
Plan
Mental & Community Health Adaptive Capacity Efforts
Pico Rivera
General Plan
• Environmental Resources Element: Enhance quality of life by fostering social sustainability, promoting lifelong learning, and ensuring a healthy, connected, and equitable social
environment for all residents (8-9).
• Healthy Communities Element: Foster development patterns that reduce commute times, provide public spaces for social interaction, encourage civic participation, and create safe, attractive environments (10-19). Support mental health
services provided by Los Angeles County and local
organizations to ensure adequate care for Pico Rivera
residents (10-24). Encourage co-location of healthcare and social services for increased access and educate the
community on available healthcare and social services (10-24).
Continue to aim for convenient access to fresh, nutritious foods, and promote most residents to live in proximity to supermarkets and transit service to healthy food stores.
Facilitate community garden establishment on vacant
properties, in parks, and other suitable locations, and encourage green roofs, edible school yards, and farmers markets (10-23).
• Land Use Element: Enhance Smith Park/Pico Rivera Library Area as a diverse community hub offering services like
farmers markets, shopping, entertainment, recreation, and events (3-17).
Pico Rivera
Water
Operations
Division
• Contributes time and resources to protect life, safety, and health during times of drought (HMP).
To: Mayor and City Council
From: City Manager
Meeting Date: January 28, 2025
Subject: ANNUAL COMPREHENSIVE FINANCIAL REPORT,
FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2024, AND FISCAL
YEAR 2023-24 GENERAL FUND YEAR-END RESULTS
Recommendation:
1. Receive and file the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR), fiscal year (FY) ending June 30, 2024;
2. Approve Budget Transfers that allocate the FY 2023-24 Unassigned General Fund Balance of $290,674 to cover negative fund balance and;
3. Approve the allocation of the remaining FY 2023-24 Unassigned General Fund balance of $1,167,302 toward the various park kitchen and concession equipment replacement, emergency repair for the Washington Boulevard Bridge over the Rio Hondo Channel, Health and Wellness programs, and Section 115 Pension Plan.
Fiscal Impact:
The discussion below provides a summary of the financial data found in the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR) for the FY ending June 30, 2024.
The recommended budget transfers of $290,674 from the General Fund (GL Account No. 100.98.9800-56900) will reduce the negative balance for the Liability Claims Fund (GL Account No. 105.00.0000-47900). The recommended funding allocations in the amount of $1,167,302 will provide critical needs identified by City staff.
Discussion:
The ACFR is prepared using the guidelines set forth by the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and audited by CliftonLarsonAllen, LLP (CLA), Certified Public Accountants and Consultants. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, these financial statements received an unmodified opinion by CLA. Their opinion is located at the beginning of the financial section of the report (Enclosure 1). 15 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT – MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 2025 ANNUAL COMPREHENSIVE FINANCIAL REPORT, FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2024, AND FISCAL YEAR 2023-24 GENERAL FUND YEAR-END RESULTS