Cities Index.
CC04

Rancho Mirage City Council
May 18, 2023

Document
CC04
Meeting
May 18, 2023
Body
Rancho Mirage City Council
Pages
15
Original file
932 KB
Text extracted from the city's file for reading and search. Open the original on portal.laserfiche.com. That file is the official record.

CITY OF RJINCKO MI2AG6
m

STAFF REPORT
TO: Mayor and City Council DATE: May 18, 2023
FROM: Pilar Lopez, Senior Planner
SUBJECT: Environmental Assessment Case No. EA22-0003 and Tentative Tract Map Case No. TTM22-0002 (TTM 38222)

SPECIFIC REQUEST OR RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council:

Approve the filing of a Mitigated Negative Declaration based on Environmental Assessment Case No. EA22-0003 and pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act Section 15168; and

2. Approve Tentative Tract Map Case No. TTM22-0002 (TTM38222), subject to the conditions of approval and based on the Content and Findings in the Staff Report.

JUSTIFICATION OR INFORMATION

PROJECT SUMMARY
The proposed project includes a Tentative Tract Map No. 38222 to subdivide the two existing parcels (APNs: 685-280-002 and -003) into eight (8) residential lots and three (3) lettered lots, including a private street. The subject site is 10.12 gross acres and has the underlying zoning designation of Residential Estate (R-E) with a one -acre minimum size requirement. The residential lot sizes range from 43,564 square feet to 53,881 square feet, which meets lot size minimums. The applicant proposes to name the private street "Bravo Dreams Lane". The residential subdivision will be gated, similar to other residential subdivisions in the vicinity.

Access to the proposed parcels will be provided by the private cul-de-sac street off Vista Del Sol.

The Rancho Mirage Municipal Code (RMMC) Section 17.24.040 (B) stipulates that trees must be planted at a rate of at least one tree for every thirty linear feet of street frontage. The project site has approximately 600 linear feet of frontage off Vista Del Sol. Condition of Approval #9 requires that the applicant submit revised landscape plans to include a minimum of twenty (20) shade trees, in order to meet this requirement the applicant revised the landscape plans to add a total of 36 Fruitless Olives at an approximate rate of 25 linear feet with 28 Date Palms.

AGENDA ITEM #
4-1

DATE: May 18, 20223 Page 2 of 4
EA22-0003 & TTM22-0002

JUSTIFICATION OR INFORMATION CONTINUED
Based on Condition of Approval #10, the applicant was also required to resubmit the Tentative Tract Map, grading plan, and landscape plan to comply with Section 17.24.050 of the Rancho Mirage Municipal Code to provide a minimum of a 17-foot-wide parkway along Vista del Sol. The revised exhibits were received on April 24, 2023, and presented to the Planning Commission on April 27, 2023, but not included in the Planning Commission Agenda Packet. The revised exhibits increased the landscaped parkway to a 17-foot width. This change resulted in a reduction in size for Lot 4 and Lot 5 by approximately 10,000 square feet, and Lots 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 were reduced by approximately 200-300 square feet. All lots still meet the minimum size requirements for the R-E zoning district.

The table below summarizes the proposed lots and land use:

Lot Size
Land Use
Existing Lot
440,827 square feet / 10.12 acres
Vacant
Proposed
Lot 1
43,905 square
feet / 1.01 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 2
43,731 square
feet / 1.00 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 3
43,564 square
feet / 1.00 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 4
53,825 square
feet / 1.24 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 5
53,881 square
feet / 1.24 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 6
43,567s
uare feet / 1.00 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 7
43,709 square
feet / 1.00 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot 8
43,853 square
feet / 1.01 acres
Single-family
residential
Proposed
Lot A
19,934 square
feet / 0.46 acres
Landscaped
parkway
Proposed
Lot B
26,022 square
feet / 0.58 acres
Private street
Proposed
Lot C
20,634 square
feet / 0.47 acres
Landscaped
parkway and retention basin

PLANNING COMMISSION REVIEW
The Planning Commission reviewed the subject proposal at a duly noticed public hearing on April 27, 2023. Staff summarized highlights of the staff report and the Commissioners asked questions regarding the extension of infrastructure on Vista Del Sol to the project site. Staff answered the Commissioners' questions and replied that the extension of infrastructure would be the responsibility of the developer. No public comments were received for the project. The Planning Commission staff report and draft meeting minutes are included as Attachments 6 and

7. After due consideration of the staff report and presentation, the Planning Commission made the following motion:

AGENDA ITEM #
4-2

DATE: May 18, 20223 Page 3 of 4
EA22-0003 & TTM22-0002

JUSTIFICATION OR INFORMATION CONTINUED
MOVED/SECONDED BY AGOSTINI/BRYANT TO RECOMMEND THAT THE CITY COUNCIL:

1. APPROVE THE FILING OF A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CASE NO. EA22-0003 AND PURSUANT TO THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT SECTION 15168; AND,

2. APPROVE TENTATIVE TRACT MAP CASE NO. TTM22-0002 (TTM38222) SUBJECT

TO THE CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL AND BASED ON THE CONTENT AND FINDINGS IN THE STAFF REPORT.

MOTION CARRIED 5/0.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
An environmental assessment application was submitted for the subject 8-lot subdivision and the determination was made that the project required an Initial Study. An Initial Study has been prepared resulting in the recommendation to adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND).

Mitigation measures were recommended for Biological Resources, Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural Resources. A Notice of Determination will be filed with the Riverside County Clerk once a final determination has been made by the City Council. The complete Initial Study, along with the Mitigation Measures, is attached to the staff report.

The City initiated tribal consultation in accordance with Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52) on September 21, 2022 with fifteen (15) tribes, notifying them of the proposed project. To date, the City has only received one response from the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians on January 26th, 2023, which requested a copy to the cultural resources report and added a mitigation measure to include a cultural resource monitor.

A Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration was published in the Desert Sun on March 12, 2023 and distributed to interested parties. The 30-day public review period for the Draft Mitigated Negative Declaration commenced on Monday, March 13, 2023, and ended on Tuesday, April 11, 2023. During the review period, the City received one formal letter from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) commenting on the Draft IS/MND requesting additional mitigation measures to be incorporated. While the City is not required to respond to comments on an IS/MND, Sections 21091(d)(1) and 21092.5 of the Public Resources Code (PRC) and Section 150874 (b) of the California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines require that prior to project approval a Lead Agency must consider all comments received before making a final determination on the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration. A draft revised IS/MND with the requested mitigation measures has been included as Attachment 4 — IS/MND.

AGENDA ITEM #
4-3

DATE: May 18, 20223 Page 4 of 4
EA22-0003 & TTM22-0002

JUSTIFICATION OR INFORMATION CONTINUED

NOTICING REQUIREMENT
This application request was publicly posted and mailed to all affected property owners within 500 feet of the parcel boundary pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 17.74 of the Municipal Code. Any information addressed to the Planning Commission, but received after completion of this final report, will be distributed at the public hearing.

Municipal Code Section 17.74.020, Hearing and notice, requires that all property owners, as shown on the county's latest equalized assessment roll, within a five- hundred -foot radius of the boundaries of the subject parcel be notified of matters requiring a public hearing. If the number of property owners to whom the notice would be mailed to is less than twenty-five, then the mailing radius is required to be increased to one thousand feet as measured from the exterior boundaries of the subject parcel. The Notice is also required to be published in a local newspaper of general circulation and in public places. The subject notice was published in The Desert Sun on Sunday, May 7, 2023. The notice was also posted at City Hall, The Rancho Mirage Library & Observatory, and on the City's website on May 3, 2023.

ATTACHMENT(S):

1. Aerial

2. Public Hearing Notice

3. Exhibit Booklet (Includes the revised exhibits per Conditions of Approval # 9 and #10)

4. Draft Notice of Determination

5. Draft Mitigated Negative Declaration

6. Planning Commission Staff Report (Without Attachments)

7. Draft Planning Commission Meeting Minutes dated April 27, 2023 AGENDA ITEM #
4-4

TTM22-0002 (Tentative Parcel Map TPM38222)
AERIAL
ATTACHMENT 1
4-5

ATTACHMENT 2

CITY CIF PAHCHO MIPAGC
Planning Division
69-825 H ig hway 111
Rancho Mirage, CA 92270
Phone 760/328-2266

PUBLIC HEARING NOTICE

CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING
Thursday, May 18, 2023 —1:00 p.m.

Environmental Assessment Case No. EA22-0003
Tentative Tract Map Case No. TTM22-0002 (TTM No. 38222) Applicant: Bravo Holdings, LLC.

Request: Consideration to subdivide a 10.12-acre parcel into eight (8) residential lots and three (3) lettered lots, including a private street.

Location: East side of Vista Del Sol, just east of Betty Ford Center and west of Vista Dunes Road. APNs: 685-280-002; -003.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a Public Hearing will be held before the City of Rancho Mirage CITY COUNCIL RE: consideration of the above -referenced application pursuant to Rancho Mirage Municipal Code Title 16. An environmental assessment application was submitted for the subject 8-lot subdivision and the determination was made that the project required an Initial Study. An Initial Study has been prepared which resulted in the recommendation to adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND). A Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration was published in the Desert Sun on March 12, 2023. The 30-day public review period for the Draft Mitigated Negative Declaration commenced on Monday, March 13, 2023, and ended on Tuesday, April 11, 2023.

The Public Hearing will be held on Thursday, May 18, 2023, at 1:00 p.m., in the Council Chamber, 69-825 Highway 111, Rancho Mirage, California, at which time and place pertinent testimony will be heard. The file, including all environmental information, is available for public inspection at City Hall, Monday through Friday, between 8 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.

Written testimony may be submitted to the City Clerk via email to [email protected], or mailed to City of Rancho Mirage, ATTN: City Clerk, 69- 825 Highway 111, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270. Written testimony must be received no later than 10:00 a.m. on the day of the meeting to be considered by the City Council.

GOVERNMENT CODE § 65009 NOTICE: If you challenge this proposed activity in court, you may be limited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at the Public Hearing described in this notice, or in written correspondence delivered to the City Council sufficiently prior to the Public Hearing to enable its consideration by them. 4-6

EA22-0003 & TTM22-0002 (TTM38222) May 18, 2023
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ATTACHMENT 4
CITY OF kkoANCF O MIRAGE

CITY OF RANCHO MIRAGE
69-825 Highway I11, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270-2898 (760) 324-4511/328-2266

NOTICE OF DETERMINATION AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION
To: ❑ Office of Planning and Research ® Chief Deputy County Clerk Sacramento, CA 95814 Riverside, CA 92501
Project Title/Case Nos. Vista Del Sol 8-Lot Subdivision Case Nos. Environmental Assessment Case No. EA22-0003 and Tentative Tract Map Case No. TTM22-0002 (Tentative Tract Map No. 38222)
Applicant: Bravo Holdings, LLC.

Project Location: East side of Vista Del Sol, just east of Betty Ford Center and west of Vista Dunes Road. APNs: 685-280-002 and 685-280-003
Project Description: The proposed project includes Tentative Tract Map No. 38222 to subdivide the two existing parcels (APNs:
685-280-002 and -003) into eight (8) residential lots and three (3) lettered lots, including a private street. The subject site is 10.12 gross acres and has the underlying zoning designation of Residential Estate (R-E). The new residential lots will have a minimum size of I acre.

Notice of Determination
Filing of Notice of Determination in compliance with Public Resources Code, Section 21108 or 21152. The City of Rancho Mirage has approved the above -described project on , and has determined:

1. The project ❑will M will not have a significant effect/impact on the environment.

2. ❑ An Environmental Impact Report was prepared for this project pursuant to the provisions of CEQA.

3. ® A Negative Declaration was prepared for this project pursuant to the provisions of CEQA.

4. Mitigation measures ® were ❑ were not made conditions of approval for the project.

5. A mitigation reporting or monitoring plan M was ❑ was not adopted for this project.

6. A Statement of Overriding Considerations ❑ was ® was not adopted for this project.

7. Findings M were ❑ were not made pursuant to the provisions of CEQA.

The City Council adopted the following Finding: The proposed project has been reviewed in compliance with the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). This is to certify that the project file and record of project approval are available to the general public at: City of Rancho Mirage, 69-825 Highway 111, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270.

Mitigated Negative Declaration - Rancho Mirage City Council Date:

Pilar Lopez
Senior Planner
I hereby certify that the City of Rancho Mirage has made the above findings of fact and that based upon the Mitigated Negative Declaration and hearing record the project will not have a significant effect on the environment.

Date:

Pilar Lopez
® Lead Agency ❑ Responsible Agency Senior Planner
4-17

ATTACHMENT 5
Vista Del Sol
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Lead Agency:

City of Rancho Mirage
69-825 Highway 111
Rancho Mirage, California 92270
Prepared by:

The Altum Group
44-600 Village Court, Suite 100
Palm Desert, CA 92260
The
Altum
Group
April 2023
City of Rancho Mirage 1
4-18

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Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023

ENVIRONMENTAL INITIAL STUDY

VISTA DEL SOL
Project Title:

Vista Del Sol
City Project No:

Tentative Tract Map Case No. TTM22-0002 and
Environmental Assessment Case No. EA22-0003
Tentative Tract Map No. 38222
Lead Agency Name and
City of Rancho Mirage
Address:
69-825 Highway 111
Rancho Mirage, California 92270
Phone: (760) 328-2266
Applicant:

MBG Construction, LLC
72-011 Magnesia Falls Drive
Rancho Mirage, California 92270
Contact Person:

Pilar Lopez - Senior Planner
Phone Number:
(760) 328-2266 X208
Project Location:

East side of Vista Del Sol, just east of Betty Ford
Center and west of Vista Dunes Road
Accessor Parcel
685-280-002 and 685-280-003
Number:

General Plan
Residential Estate (R-E) Zoning District
Designation:

Zoning Designation:

Residential Estate (R-E) Zoning District
City of Rancho Mirage 2
4-19

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIAL STUDY.............................................................................. 2 VISTADEL SOL..............................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION........................................................................ 7 ProjectLocation........................................................................................................................7 Accessand Parking..................................................................................................................7 Utilities......................................................................................................................................7 Environmental Setting and Surrounding Land Uses.................................................................7 Other public agencies whose approval is required...................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION ........................ 15 Determination: ........................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Setting............................................................................................................................18

1.2 Discussion of impacts: ................................................................................................... 19 1.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 20 2 - Agriculture and Forestry Resources..................................................................... 21 2.1 Setting............................................................................................................................21

2.2 Discussion of impacts: ................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 22 3 - Air Quality............................................................................................................. 23 3.1 Setting............................................................................................................................23

3.2 Discussion of impacts: ................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 33 4 - Biological Resources............................................................................................ 34 4.1 Setting............................................................................................................................35

4.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................... 35 4.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 37 5 - Cultural Resources............................................................................................... 41 5.1 Setting............................................................................................................................41

5.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................... 42

5.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 43 6 - Energy.................................................................................................................. 44 6.1 Setting............................................................................................................................44

6.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................... 44

6.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 45 City of Rancho Mirage 3
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7 - Geology and Soils................................................................................................ 46 7.1 Setting............................................................................................................................47

7.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................... 47 7.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 49 8 — Greenhouse Gas Emissions................................................................................ 50 8.1 Setting............................................................................................................................50

8.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................... 51 8.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 53 9 - Hazards and Hazardous Materials....................................................................... 54 9.1 Setting............................................................................................................................55

9.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................... 55 9.3 Mitigation Measures: ...................................................................................................... 56 10 - Hydrology and Water Quality.............................................................................. 57 10.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................58

10.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 58 10.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 60 11 - Land Use and Planning...................................................................................... 61 11.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................61

11.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 61 11.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 61 12 - Mineral Resources.............................................................................................. 62 12.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................62

12.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 62

12.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 62 13 - Noise.................................................................................................................. 63 13.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................63

13.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 64

13.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 66 14 - Population and Housing..................................................................................... 67 14.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................67

14.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 67

14.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 67 15 - Public Services................................................................................................... 68 15.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................68

15.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 69 City of Rancho Mirage 4
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15.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 70 16 - Recreation.......................................................................................................... 71 16.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................71

16.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 71 16.3 Mitigation Measures.....................................................................................................71 17 - Transportation.................................................................................................... 72 17.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................72

17.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 72 17.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 73 18 - Tribal Cultural Resources................................................................................... 74 18.1 Setting.........................................................................................................................74

18.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 75 18.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 75 19 - Utilities and Service Systems............................................................................. 77 19.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................78

19.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 78 19.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 80 20 - Wildfire............................................................................................................... 81 20.1 Setting..........................................................................................................................81

20.2 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 81 20.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 82 21 - Mandatory Findings of Significance.................................................................... 83 20.1 Discussion of Impacts: ................................................................................................. 83 21.3 Mitigation Measures: .................................................................................................... 84 Chapter 3: References.................................................................................................. 97 Chapter4: Appendices.................................................................................................. 98 Chapter 5: Report Preparers......................................................................................... 98 City of Rancho Mirage 5
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TABLES
Table 1
Salton Sea Air Basin Attainment Status....................................................................24 Table 2
SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds'........................................................24 Table 3
Construction -Related Regional Pollutant Emissions.................................................27 Table 4
Regional Operational Pollutant Emissions................................................................29 Table 5
Maximum Number of Acres Disturbed Per Day........................................................30 Table 6
Local Construction Emissions at the Nearest Receptors..........................................30 Table 7
Local Operational Emissions....................................................................................31 Table 8
Project -Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions...........................................................52 Table 9
Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program..........................................................79

EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 Regional Location Map............................................................................................9 Exhibit 2 Project Vicinity Map...............................................................................................10 Exhibit3 Site Photos............................................................................................................11 Exhibit 4 Tentative Tract Map No.38222..............................................................................14 City of Rancho Mirage 6
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April 2023
CHAPTER 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Recirculation
In accordance with Chapter 3, Section 15105 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines, the Draft Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (Draft IS/MND) was previously circulated from December 21st, 2022 to January 10t", 2023. The Draft IS/MND is being recirculated in response to a comment letter received from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) that identified the agency as a Responsible Agency for the Project. This revised Draft IS/MND for recirculation has been revised to include recommended mitigation measures that were received from the CDFW on October 31, 2022 and the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians on January 26t", 2023. Text that has been str+ked out will be removed in the Final Mitigated Negative Declaration and text that has been underlined will be included in the Final MND. The comment letters received to date (January 30t", 2023) are included in Appendix F.

Project Location
The proposed Project is located along the east side of Vista Del Sol, just east of Eisenhower Medical Center and west of Vista Dunes Road in the City of Rancho Mirage, Riverside County, California (Exhibit 1, Regional Location Map; Exhibit 2, Project Vicinity Map; and Exhibit 3, Site Photos).

The proposed Project includes a Tentative Tract Map No. 38222 (TTM) to divide the two existing parcels (APNs 685-280-002 and -003) into eight (8) residential lots and three (3) lettered lots including a private street as shown on Exhibit 4, Tentative Tract Map No. 38222. The subject site is 10.12 gross acres and has the underlying zoning designation of Residential Estate (R-E). The residential lot sizes range from 43,700 square feet (s.f.) to 66,229 s.f.

Access and Parking
Access to the Project site would be provided by a proposed driveway on Vista Del Sol, which would allow cars onto a proposed private street with a cul-de-sac located in the middle of the Project site. The proposed private street would provide access to each home on the site.

Utilities
Electric service would be provided to the Project site by Rancho Mirage Energy Authority (RMEA) and Southern California Edison (SCE). Natural gas service would be provided to the Project site by Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas). Water and sewer service would be provided to the Project by Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD).

Environmental Setting and Surrounding Land Uses
Under existing conditions, the Project site primarily supports undeveloped, vacant land that is generally consistent with naturally -occurring native habitats in the immediately surrounding area.

The Project site contains a creosote bush scrub plant community, which includes non-native, ornamental plant species such as hoary saltbush, desert croton, sweetbush, fanleaf crinklemat, desert tea, Mediterranean grass, and mustard. Below is a list of the land uses that surround the Project site.

West: Vista Del Sol and beyond is vacant, undeveloped land North: Vacant, undeveloped land
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South: Vacant, undeveloped land
East: Single-family residences
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April 2023
Other public agencies whose approval is required
Colorado River Basin Regional Water Quality Control Board (NPDES Permit) and Coachella Valley Water District (domestic water and sewer connections).

City of Rancho Mirage 8
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April 2023
CHAPTER 2: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION
Environmental Factors Potentially Affected:

The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this Project, involving at least one impact that is a "Potentially Significant Impact" as indicated by the checklist on the following pages.
❑
Aesthetics
❑
Agriculture and
El
Air Quality
Forestry Resources
❑
Biological Resources
❑
Cultural Resources
❑
Energy
❑
Geology / Soils
❑
Greenhouse Gas
❑
Hazards & Hazardous
Emissions
Materials
El
Hydrology / Water
Quality
❑
Land Use /Planning
❑
Mineral Resources
❑
Noise
❑
Population / Housing
❑
Public Services
❑
Recreation
❑
Transportation
❑
Tribal Cultural Resources
El
Utilities
Utilities / Service
❑
Wildfire
❑
Mandatory Findings of
Significance
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Evaluation of Environmental Impacts:

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1) A brief explanation is required for all answers except "No Impact" answers that are adequately supported by the information sources a lead agency cites in the parentheses following each question. A "No Impact" answer is adequately supported if the referenced information sources show that the impact simply does not apply to projects like the one involved (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A "No Impact" answer should be explained where it is based on project -specific factors as well as general standards (e.g., the project will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project specific screening analysis). 2) All answers must take account of the whole action involved, including off -site as well as on - site, cumulative as well as project -level, indirect as well as direct, and construction as well as operational impacts.
3) Once the lead agency has determined that a particular physical impact may occur, then the checklist answers must indicate whether the impact is potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation, or less than significant. "Potentially Significant Impact" is appropriate if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant. If there are one or more "Potentially Significant Impact" entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required. 4) "Negative Declaration: Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated" applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures has reduced an effect from "Potentially Significant Impact" to a "Less Than Significant Impact." The lead agency must describe the mitigation measures, and briefly explain how they reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from "Earlier Analyses," as described in (5) below, may be cross-referenced). 5) Earlier analyses may be used where, pursuant to the tiering, program EIR, or other CEQA process, an effect has been adequately analyzed in an earlier EIR or negative declaration. Section 15063(c)(3)(D). In this case, a brief discussion should identify the following:
a) Earlier Analysis Used. Identify and state where they are available for review. b) Impacts Adequately Addressed. Identify which effects from the above checklist were within the scope of and adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and state whether such effects were addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis.
c) Mitigation Measures. For effects that are "Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures Incorporated," describe the mitigation measures which were incorporated or refined from the earlier document and the extent to which they address site -specific conditions for the project.
6) Lead agencies are encouraged to incorporate into the checklist references to information sources for potential impacts (e.g., general plans, zoning ordinances). Reference to a previously prepared or outside document should, where appropriate, include a reference to the page or pages where the statement is substantiated.
7) Supporting Information Sources: A source list should be attached, and other sources used or individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion. 8) This is only a suggested form, and lead agencies are free to use different formats; however, lead agencies should normally address the questions from this checklist that are relevant to a project's environmental effects in whatever format is selected.

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9) The explanation of each issue should identify: a) the significance criteria or threshold, if any, used to evaluate each question; and b) the mitigation measure identified, if any, to reduce the impact to less than significance.

Determination: (To be completed by the Lead Agency) On the basis of this initial evaluation:
❑ I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.
® I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.
❑ I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required.
❑ I find that the proposed project MAY have a "potentially significant impact" or "potentially significant unless mitigated" impact on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed.
❑ I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required.

Pilar Lopez, Senior Planner
City of Rancho Mirage
Date:

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Environmental Checklist and Discussion:

The following checklist evaluates the proposed Project's potential adverse impacts. For those environmental topics for which a potential adverse impact may exist, a discussion of the existing site environment related to the topic is presented followed by an analysis of the Project's potential adverse impacts. When the Project does not have any potential for adverse impacts for an environmental topic, the reasons why there are no potential adverse impacts are described. 1 -Aesthetics
Potentially
Less ThanLess
Than
AESTHETICS -- Would the project:

Significant
Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
No
Impact
Im act
p
Incorporation
Im act
p
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on
a scenic vista?
❑
❑
®
❑
b) Substantially damage scenic
resources, including, but not limited to,
trees, rock outcroppings, and historic
❑
❑
®
❑
buildings within a state scenic
highway?
c) In non -urbanized areas,
substantially degrade the existing
visual character or quality of public
views of the site and its surroundings?
(Public views are those that are
experienced from publicly accessible
❑
❑
®
❑
vantage point). If the project is in an
urbanized area, would the project
conflict with applicable zoning and
other regulations governing scenic
quality?
d) Create a new source of substantial
light or glare, which would adversely
affect day or nighttime views in the
❑
❑
❑
❑
area?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; Rancho Mirage Zoning Ordinance, as amended; Officially Designated State Scenic Highways Map, Caltrans.

1.1 Setting
The Coachella Valley and the Project site are distinguished by the low-lying desert valley floor surrounded by the high terrain of the San Jacinto, San Bernardino, Little San Bernardino, and Santa Rosa Mountains. These contrasting viewsheds result in open space and mountain scenery that is a major component of the aesthetic quality of the area. The San Jacinto, San Bernardino and Santa Rosa Mountains Ranges rise over the valley floor at elevations consisting of 11,489 City of Rancho Mirage 18

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feet (3,502 meters) 8,716 feet (2,657 meters), 10,834 feet (3,302 meters), respectively. Views from the subject site include the San Jacinto Mountains (to the west and southwest), Santa Rosa Mountains (to the southwest), San Bernardino Mountains (to the north and northwest), and the Little San Bernardino Mountains (to the northeast). Views of the San Jacinto (west and southwest) and Santa Rosa Mountains (southwest) are clearly visible from the Project site. Views of the San Bernardino (north and northwest) and Little San Bernardino Mountains (northeast) are slightly visible but primarily obstructed by existing development and topography.

1.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant.

Scenic views of the San Jacinto Mountains occur to the west, south, and southwest; views of the San Bernardino Mountains occur to the north and northwest; and, views of the Little San Bernardino Mountains occur at great distance to the northeast. Surrounding the Project site, views of the lower elevations of the aforementioned are partially blocked due to existing development and distance from the mountains; however, views of the middle and upper elevations of these mountains are kept visibly intact.

The Project site is located in a semi -developed urban area of the City and surrounded by vacant, undeveloped land and residential homes. Development allowable under the proposed Project would be similar in nature to the existing residential development to the east, and would therefore not impede views of, or otherwise substantively affect scenic vistas or access to scenic vistas. Prior to development of the Project site, the City will review and approve the proposed architectural plans to ensure the proposed development meets the City's development standards for the Residential Estate land use designation.

Based on the preceding, the Project would not have a substantial adverse effect on scenic vistas and impacts would be less than significant.
b) Less than Significant.

According to the City's General Plan, the majority of the City's roadways provide views to the San Jacinto and San Bernardino Mountains; however, no surrounding roadways are designated by the state as scenic highways. Furthermore, according to the California Scenic Highway Program, SR-111, which is located approximately 1.7 miles southwest of the Project site, is classified as Eligible Scenic Highway — Not Officially Designated. Due to the distance and existing development between SR-111 and the Project site, the Project site is not visible to vehicles driving along SR-111. In addition, there are no historic buildings nor any unique geologic or topographic features such as rock outcrops, bodies of water, ridges or canyons found on or within the Project site. Therefore, due to topography and intervening development, the proposed Project would not substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway. Impacts would be less than significant. c) Less than Significant.

As mentioned previously, the Project site is located in a semi -urbanized area.

Implementation of the Project would result in the visual conversion of the site from vacant, undeveloped land to eight single-family homes. The Project would be compatible with the size, scale, and aesthetic features of other existing single-family homes located to the east of the Project site. Furthermore, the Project would be required to comply with the applicable development standards and design guidelines in the City of Rancho Mirage Municipal Code, which regulates the visual quality of new development and ensures that new development does not detract from any scenic attributes/qualities in the surrounding City of Rancho Mirage 19
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area. Because the Project is located in a semi -urbanized area and because the Project would not conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality, impacts would be less than significant.
d) Less than Significant.

Under existing conditions, the Project site contains no sources of artificial lighting. The Project would introduce new sources of lighting, including streetlights and security lighting.

Subject to City review and approval, all Project lighting would be required to conform to regulations, guidelines, and standards established under the City's Municipal Code Section 17.18.050, Exterior glare, heat, and light, which ensures adequate lighting for public safety while also minimizing light pollution and glare and public nuisances.

Mandatory compliance with the City's Municipal Code would ensure that the Project would not introduce any permanent design features that would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. Impacts would be less than significant.

1.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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2 - Agriculture and Forestry Resources
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AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
RESOURCES — In determining whether
impacts to agricultural resources are
significant environmental effects, lead
Less Than
agencies may refer to the California
Potentially
Significant
Less Than
No
Agricultural Land Evaluation and Site
Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
Impact
Assessment Model (1997) prepared by
Impact
Incorporation
Impact
the California Dept. of Conservation as
an optional model to use in assessing
impacts on agriculture and farmland.

Would the project:
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique
Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide
Importance (Farmland), as shown on
the maps prepared pursuant to the
❑
Farmland Mapping and Monitoring
Program of the California Resources
Agency, to non-agricultural use?
b) Conflict with existing zoning for
agricultural use, or a Williamson Act
❑
❑
contract?
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or
cause rezoning of forest land,
❑
❑
❑
timberland, or timberland zoned
Timberland Production?
d) Result in the loss of forest land or
conversion of forest land to non forest
❑
❑
❑
use?
e) Involve other changes in the existing
environment which, due to their location
or nature, could result in conversion of
❑
❑
❑
Farmland, to non-agricultural use?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; California Department of Conservation, Farmland Mapping & Monitoring Program, 2016; Riverside County Map My County, 2021

2.1 Setting
The City of Rancho Mirage contains no agricultural or forest lands, and no lands are designated for agricultural or forestry purposes in the General Plan. Agricultural production occurs in the eastern Coachella Valley, more than 10 miles east of the City.

According to California Development Conservation (CDC), the majority of the Project site is "Other Land" and a sliver of the western edge of the site is "Urban and Built -Up Land." City of Rancho Mirage 21
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2.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a-e) No Impact.

The Project site is on two undeveloped parcels, and according to the General Plan, the City of Rancho Mirage does not contain any agricultural lands nor is it zoned for agricultural or forestry land uses; therefore, the Project would not cause impacts to Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland) nor would it conflict with the Williamson Act. Furthermore, the proposed Project is located in an urbanized area that is not classified as forestland or timberland and would not result in the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses. No impacts would occur.

2.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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3 - Air Quality
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April 2023
AIR QUALITY— Where available, the
significance criteria established by the
Potentially
Less Than
Less Than
applicable air quality management or
Significant
Significant
Significant
No
air pollution control district may be
Impact
with Mitigation
Impact
Impact
relied upon to make the following
Incorporation
determinations. Would the project:
a) Conflict with or obstruct
implementation of the applicable air
❑
❑
®
❑
quality plan?
b) Result in a cumulatively
considerable net increase of any
criteria pollutant for which the project
region is non -attainment under an
❑
❑
❑
❑
applicable federal or state ambient air
quality standard?
c) Expose sensitive receptors to
substantial pollutant concentrations?
❑
❑
®
❑
d) Result in other emissions (such as
those leading to odors) adversely
affecting a substantial number of
❑
❑
®
❑
people?
Sources: TTM 38222 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study, MD Acoustics, April 26, 2022 (Appendix A)

3.1 Setting
Both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have established ambient air quality standards for common pollutants. These ambient air quality standards contain established levels of contaminants representing safe levels that avoid specific adverse health effects associated with each pollutant. The ambient air quality standards include "criteria pollutants" based on the documented effects on human health. Areas that meet ambient air quality standards are classified as attainment areas, while areas that do not meet these standards are classified as nonattainment areas.

CARB divides the state into air basins that share similar meteorological and topographical features. The Project site is located in the City of Rancho Mirage within the County of Riverside.

The County of Riverside, including the City of Rancho Mirage and the Project site, is located within the Salton Sea Air Basin (SSAB), which is within the jurisdiction of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). All development within the SSAB is subject to SCAQMD's 2016 Air Quality Management Plan (2016 AQMP) and the 2003 Coachella Valley PM10 State Implementation Plan (2003 CV PM10 SIP). The SCAQMD operates and maintains regional air quality monitoring stations at numerous locations throughout its jurisdiction. The Project site is located within Source Receptor Area (SRA) 30, which includes monitoring stations in Palm Springs and Indio.

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As shown in Table 1, Salton Sea Air Basin Attainment Status, below, the SSAB has been designated by the EPA as a federal non -attainment area for ozone and fine particulate matter (PM10). Currently, the Basin is in attainment with the national ambient air quality standards for carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The Basin has been designated by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) as a non -attainment area for Ozone and PM10.

Table 1 Salton Sea Air Basin Attainment Status
Pollutant
State Status
National Status
Ozone
Nonattainment
Nonattainment
Carbon monoxide
Attainment
Unclassified/Attainment
Nitrogen dioxide
Attainment
Unclassified/Attainment
Sulfur dioxide
Attainment
Unclassified/Attainment
PM10
Nonattainment
Nonattainment
PM2.5
Attainment
Unclassified/Attainment
Source (Federal and State Status): California Air Resources Board & https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/maps-state- and-federal-area-designations (2018 & 2019).

Many air quality impacts that derive from dispersed mobile sources, which are the dominate pollution generators in the basin, often occurs hours later and miles away after photochemical processes have converted primary exhaust pollutants into secondary contaminants such as ozone. The incremental regional air quality impact of an individual project is generally very small and difficult to measure. Therefore, the SCAQMD has developed significance thresholds based on the volume of pollution emitted rather than on actual ambient air quality because the direct air quality impact of a project is not quantifiable on a regional scale. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that any project in the SSAB with daily emissions that exceed any of the identified significance thresholds should be considered as having an individually and cumulatively significant air quality impact. A regional air quality impact would be considered significant if emissions exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds identified in Table 2, SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds, below.

Table 2 SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds'
Pollutant
ThresholdsMass Daily
Construction (Ibs/day)
Operation (Ibs/day)
NOx
100
100
VOC
75 75
PM10
150
150
PM2.5
55 55
Sox
150
150
CO
550
550
Lead
3 3
Notes:

Source: htti):// www.agmd.gov/docs/default-source/cega/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality-significance-thresholds.pdf City of Rancho Mirage 24
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3.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant Impact.

The SCAQMD has established the AQMP to achieve State and Federal air quality standards. On June 30, 2016, the SCAQMD released its Draft 2016 AQMP. The Plan was approved by the California Environmental Protection Agency (CA EPA) on June 15, 2017.

Therefore, the applicable air quality plan for the Project is the SCAQMD 2016 AQMP. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that "New or amended General Plan Elements (including land use zoning and density amendments), Specific Plans, and significant projects must be analyzed for consistency with the AQMP." Strict consistency with all aspects of the plan is usually not required. A project should be considered to be consistent with the AQMP if it furthers one or more policies and does not obstruct other policies. The pollutant reducing mechanisms in the AQMP are based, in part, on urban growth projections estimated by the SCAG. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook identifies two key indicators of consistency:

1. Whether the project will result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations or cause or contribute to new violations or delay timely attainment of air quality standards or the interim emission reductions specified in the AQMP.

2. Whether the project will exceed the assumptions in the AQMP in 2016 or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase.

Below, Criterion 1 and Criterion 2 are discussed.

Criterion 1 - Increase in the Frequency or Severity of Violations? Based on the air quality modeling analysis completed for the Project, short-term Project - related construction activities would not exceed applicable regional thresholds of significance established by the SCAQMD (see Table 3 below). The Project will be required to comply with SCAQMD Rules 403 and 403.1 in regard to the reduction of fugitive dust emissions. Furthermore, the Project would not exceed applicable Localized Significance Thresholds (LSTs) established by the SCAQMD (see Table 6 below). As such, Project construction -source emissions would not conflict with the SCAQMD AQMP. Project construction source emissions would not cause or substantially contribute to violation of the CAAQS or NAAQS.

Based on the air quality modeling analysis completed for the Project, long-term Project operations would not exceed applicable regional thresholds of significance established by the SCAQMD and would not result in a significant cumulative impact (see Table 4 below).

Project operational -source emissions would not result in or cause a significant localized air quality impact. Additionally, Project -related trips would not cause or result in CO concentrations exceeding applicable state and/or federal standards. Therefore, the Project would not exceed air pollutant concentration standards and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for Criterion 1.

Criterion 2 - Exceed Assumptions in the AQMP?
Consistency with the AQMP assumptions is determined by performing an analysis of the Project with the assumptions in the AQMP. The emphasis of this criterion is to ensure that the analyses conducted for the Project are based on the same forecasts as the AQMP.

The 2016-2040 Regional Transportation/Sustainable Communities Strategy prepared by the SCAG (SCAG 2016) includes chapters on: the challenges in a changing region, City of Rancho Mirage 25
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creating a plan for our future, and the road to greater mobility and sustainable growth.

These chapters currently respond directly to federal and state requirements placed on SCAG. Local governments are required to use these as the basis of their plans for purposes of consistency with applicable regional plans under CEQA. For this Project, the City of Rancho Mirage Land Use Plan defines the assumptions that are represented in the AQMP.

Regional population, housing, and employment projections developed by SCAG, are based in part on the City's General Plan land use designations. These projections form the foundation for the emissions inventory of the AQMP. These demographic trends are incorporated into the 2016-2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy compiled by SCAG, to determine priority transportation projects and determine vehicle miles traveled within the SCAG region.

The proposed Project has a current land use classification of Residential Estate according to the City of Rancho Mirage Land Use and Zoning Map. The proposed Project is to develop the site with eight single-family residences. Therefore, the proposed Project would not result in an inconsistency with the land use designation in the City's General Plan.

Therefore, the proposed Project is not anticipated to exceed the AQMP assumptions for the Project site and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the second criterion.

Based on the above, the Project would not result in an inconsistency with the SCAQMD AQMP. Therefore, a less -than -significant impact will occur in relation to implementation of the AQMP.
b) Less than Significant Impact.

The Project consists of the development of eight single-family homes. Construction of the eight single-family homes is anticipated to begin early 2023 and to be completed by early 2024.

The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project site that may be impacted by the development of the Project is the single-family residence 120 feet (36 meters) east of the Project site. CaIEEMod (Version 2020.4.0) software was utilized to analyze short-term construction and long-term operational related impacts of the Project. The model is considered to be an accurate and comprehensive tool for quantifying air quality and GHG emissions impacts from land use projects throughout California and is recommended by the SCAQMD.

Construction -Related Impacts
The Project would be required to comply with existing SCAQMD rules for the reduction of fugitive dust emissions. SCAQMD Rules 403 and 403.1 establish these procedures.

Compliance with these rules is achieved through application of standard best management practices in construction and operation activities, such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, managing haul road dust by application of water, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 mph, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph and establishing a permanent and stabilizing ground cover on finished sites. In addition, any operator applying for a grading permit, or a building permit for an activity with a disturbed surface area of more than 5,000 square feet, shall not initiate any earth -moving operations unless a Fugitive Dust Control Plan has been City of Rancho Mirage 26
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prepared pursuant to the provisions of the Coachella Valley Fugitive Dust Control Handbook and approved by the City. It is anticipated that the Project Applicant would obtain and prepare the required Fugitive Dust Control Plan.

Regional Impacts
The phases of construction activities that were analyzed for the Project include site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and the application of architectural coatings. The construction -related criteria pollutant emissions for each phase are shown below in Table 3, Construction -Related Regional Pollutant Emissions. Table 3 also shows the combined emissions from building construction, paving and architectural coating phases of construction as it is possible that these phases could occur simultaneously.

Table 3 shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the regional emissions thresholds. Therefore, a less -than -significant regional air quality impact would occur from construction of the Project.

Table 3 Construction -Related Regional Pollutant Emissions Activity(pounds/day)
VOC
NOx
Pollutant Emissions
CO S02
PM10
PM2.5
Grading
On-Site2

3.62 38.84

29.04 0.06

5.22 2.93
Off-Site3

0.07 0.05

0.76 0.00

0.22 0.06
Total

3.70 38.90

29.80 0.06

5.45 2.99
Building Construction
On-Site2

1.71 15.62

16.36 0.03

0.81 0.76
Off-Site3

0.22 1.06

2.21 0.01

0.69 0.20
Total

1.92 16.67

18.58 0.04

1.50 0.96
Paving
On-Site2

1.36 10.19

14.58 0.02

0.51 0.47
Off-Site3

0.05 0.04

0.53 0.00

0.17 0.05
Total

1.41 10.23

15.11 0.02

0.68 0.51
Architectural Coating
On-Site2

6.79 1.30

1.81 0.00

0.07 0.07
Off-Site3

0.03 0.02

0.35 0.00

0.11 0.03
Total

6.83 1.33

2.16 0.00

0.18 0.10
Total of overlapping phases4

10.16 28.22

35.85 0.06

2.36 1.57
SCAQMD Thresholds
75 100
550
150
150
55 Exceeds Thresholds
No
No
No
No
No
No
Notes:
'Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0
2On-site emissions from equipment operated on -site that is not operated on public roads. 3Off-site emissions from equipment operated on public roads. 'Construction, architectural coatings and paving phases may overlap.

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Operations -Related Impacts
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The greatest cumulative operational impact on the air quality to the SSAB would be the incremental addition of pollutants mainly from increased traffic from residential, commercial, and industrial development. In accordance with SCAQMD methodology, projects that do not exceed SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigated to less than criteria levels are not significant and do not add to the overall cumulative impact.

Regional Impacts
The potential operations -related air emissions have been analyzed below for the criteria pollutants and cumulative impacts. The operations related criteria air quality impacts created by the Project have been analyzed through use of the CaIEEMod model and based on the proposed eight single-family residential homes. The CaIEEMod model analyzes operational emissions from area sources, energy usage, and mobile sources.

The operating emissions were based on the year 2023, which is the anticipated opening year for the Project.

Mobile Sources
Mobile sources include emissions from the additional vehicle miles generated from the proposed Project. The vehicle trips associated with the proposed Project are based upon the trip generation rates give in the Traffic Scoping Agreement (Integrated Engineering Group) which uses the ITE 10th Trip Generation Manual.

The program then applies the emission factors for each trip which is provided by the EMFAC2017 model to determine the vehicular traffic pollutant emissions. The CaIEEMod default trip lengths were used in this analysis. Please see CaIEEMod output comments sections in Appendix A and B of the Air Quality/GHG Report (Appendix A) for details.

Area Sources
Area sources include emissions from consumer products, landscape equipment and architectural coatings. Landscape maintenance includes fuel combustion emissions from equipment such as lawn mowers, rototillers, shredders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chain saws, and hedge trimmers, as well as air compressors, generators, and pumps. As specifics were not known about the landscaping equipment fleet, CaIEEMod defaults were used to estimate emissions from landscaping equipment.

Per SCAQMD Rule 1113 as amended on June 3, 2011, the architectural coatings that would be applied after January 1, 2014 will be limited to an average of 50 grams per liter or less for buildings and 100 grams per liter or less for parking lot striping; however, no changes were made to the CaIEEMod architectural coating default values.

Energy Usage
Energy usage includes emissions from the generation of electricity and natural gas used on -site. 2020.4.0 CaIEEMod defaults were utilized.

Project Impacts
The Project would result in a long-term increase in air quality emissions due to Project - generated vehicle trips and ongoing operation of the Project. The summer and winter emissions created by the proposed Project's long-term operations were calculated and City of Rancho Mirage 28
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the highest emissions from either summer or winter are summarized in Table 4, Regional Operational Pollutant Emissions:

Table 4 Regional Operational Pollutant Emissions
Pollutant
Emissions (pounds/day)'
Activity
VOc
NOx
c0 S02 PM10
PM2.5
Area Sources2

2.78 0.20

5.32 0.01

0.69 0.69
Energy Usage'

0.01 0.06

0.03 0.00

0.01 0.01
Mobile

0.26 0.31

2.70 0.01

0.62 0.17
Sources4
Total

3.05 0.57

8.05 0.02

1.32 0.87
Emissions
SCAQMD
55 55
550
150
150
55 Thresholds
Exceeds
No
No
No
No
No
No
Threshold?
Notes:
'Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0
2Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment.
'Energy usage consists of emissions from on -site natural gas usage. 4Mobile sources consist of emissions from vehicles and road dust.

The data provided in Table 4 above shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the regional emissions thresholds. Therefore, a less -than -significant regional air quality impact would occur from operation of the Project.

Cumulative Impacts
Cumulative projects include local development as well as general growth within the Project site. However, as with most development, the greatest source of emissions is from mobile sources, which travel well out of the local area. Therefore, from an air quality standpoint, the cumulative analysis would extend beyond any local projects and when wind patterns are considered would cover an even larger area. Accordingly, the cumulative analysis for the Project's air quality must be generic by nature.

The Project area is out of attainment for ozone and particulate matter (PM10).

Construction and operation of cumulative projects will further degrade the local air quality, as well as the air quality of the Salton Sea portion of the South Coast Air Basin. The greatest cumulative impact on the quality of regional air cell would be the incremental addition of pollutants mainly from increased traffic volumes from residential, commercial, and industrial development and the use of heavy equipment and trucks associated with the construction of these projects. Air quality would be temporarily degraded during construction activities that occur separately or simultaneously. However, in accordance with the SCAQMD methodology, projects that do not exceed the SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigated to less than criteria levels are not significant and do not add to the overall cumulative impact. With respect to long-term emissions, the Project would result in a less - than -significant cumulative impact.

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c) Less than Significant Impact.

Construction -Related Local Impacts
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April 2023
Construction -related air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the Project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the Salton Sea portion of the South Coast Air Basin. The proposed Project has been analyzed for the potential local air quality impacts created from: construction -related fugitive dust and diesel emissions; from toxic air contaminants; and from construction -related odor impacts.

The emission thresholds were calculated based on the Coachella Valley SRA 30 and a disturbance value of two acres per day (see Table 5). According to LST Methodology, any receptor located closer than 25 meters (82 feet) shall be based on the 25-meter thresholds. The nearest sensitive receptor is the existing single-family residence located approximately 120 feet (-36 meters) to the east of the Project site; however, the SCAQMD Look -up Tables for 25 meters was used for conservative purposes. As shown in Table 6, none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the calculated local emissions thresholds at the nearest sensitive receptors. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

Table 5 Maximum Number of Acres Disturbed Per Day
Activity
Equipment
Number
Acres/8hr-day
Total Acres
Excavators
2 0.5

1.0 Graders
1 0.5

0.5 Grading
Rubber Tired Dozers
1 0.5

0.5 Scrapers
2 0.5

1.0 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
2 0.5

1.0 Total Per
Phase

4.0 Notes:
'Source: CalEEMod output and South Coast AQMD, Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds.
http://www.agmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance-thresholds/caleemod- guidance.pdf?sfvrsn=2
Table 6 Local Construction Emissions at the Nearest Receptors Phase
NOx
CO
PM10
PM2.5
Grading

38.84 29.04

5.22 2.93
Building Construction

15.62 16.36

0.81 0.76
Paving

10.19 14.58

0.51 0.47
Architectural Coating

1.30 1.81

0.07 0.07
Total of overlapping phases

27.11 32.76

1.39 1.30
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82
feet) or Iess2
191
1,299
7 5
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Notes:
'Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQMD's Mass Rate Look -up Tables for two acres, to be conservative, in Coachella Valley Source Receptor Area (SRA 30). Project will disturb a maximum of 4.0 acres per day (see Table 7 of Appendix A).
2The nearest sensitive receptor is located 35 meters east; therefore, the 25-meter threshold has been used.

Operations -Related Local Impacts
Table 7, Local Operational Emissions, shows the calculated emissions for the proposed operational activities compared with appropriate LSTs. The LST analysis only includes on - site sources; however, the CaIEEMod software outputs do not separate on -site and off - site emissions for mobile sources. For a worst -case scenario assessment, the emissions shown in Table 7 include all on -site Project -related stationary sources and 10% of the Project -related new mobile sources. This percentage is an estimate of the amount of Project -related new vehicle traffic that will occur on -site.

Table 7 Local Operational Emissions
On -Site Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)'
On -Site Emission Source
• •
Area Sources'

0.20 5.32 0.69 0.69
Energy Usage'

0.06 0.03

0.01 0.01
On -Site Vehicle Emissions4

0.03 0.27

0.06 0.02
Total Emissions

0.29 5.62

0.76 0.71
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82
191
1,299
2 2
feet)5
Exceeds Threshold?
No
No
No
No
Notes:
'Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQMD's Mass Rate Look -up Tables for one acre, to be conservative, in Coachella Valley Source Receptor Area (SRA 30). 2Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment.
3Energy usage consists of emissions from generation of electricity and on -site natural gas usage. 'On -site vehicular emissions based on 1/10 of the gross vehicular emissions and road dust. 5The nearest sensitive receptor is located 35 meters east; therefore, the 25 meter threshold has been used.

Table 7 indicates that the local operational emission would not exceed the LST thresholds at the nearest sensitive receptors, located adjacent to the Project. Therefore, the Project would result in less -than -significant localized operational emissions.

Local CO Hotspot Impacts from Project -Generated Vehicular Trips CO is the pollutant of major concern along roadways because the most notable source of CO is motor vehicles. For this reason, CO concentrations are usually indicative of the local air quality generated by a roadway network and are used as an indicator of potential local air quality impacts. Local air quality impacts can be assessed by comparing the future The project site is approximately 0.09 miles in length at its longest point; therefore the on -site mobile source emissions represent approximately 1/77th of the shortest CalEEMod default distance of 6.9 miles. Therefore, to be conservative, 1/10th the distance (dividing the mobile source emissions by 10) was used to represent the portion of the overall mobile source emissions that would occur on -site.

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d)
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without and with project CO levels to the state and federal CO standards of 20 parts per million (ppm) over one hour or 9 ppm over eight hours.

To determine if the proposed Project could cause emission levels in excess of the above CO standards, a sensitivity analysis is typically conducted to determine the potential for CO "hot spots" at a number of intersections in the general Project vicinity. Because of reduced speeds and vehicle queuing, "hot spots" potentially can occur at high traffic volume intersections with a Level of Service E or worse.

Micro -scale air quality emissions have traditionally been analyzed in environmental documents where the air basin was a non -attainment area for CO. However, the SCAQMD has demonstrated in the CO attainment re -designation request to EPA that there are no "hot spots" anywhere in the air basin, even at intersections with much higher volumes, much worse congestion, and much higher background CO levels than anywhere in Riverside County. If the worst -case intersections in the air basin have no "hot spot" potential, any local impacts will be below thresholds.

CaIEEMod output showed that the Project would generate 82 average daily trips. The 1992 Federal Attainment Plan for Carbon Monoxide (1992 CO Plan) showed that an intersection which has a daily traffic volume of approximately 100,000 vehicles per day would not violate the CO standard. The volume of traffic at project buildout would be well below 100,000 vehicles and below the necessary volume to even get close to causing a violation of the CO standard. Therefore, no CO "hot spot" modeling was performed and no significant long-term air quality impact is anticipated to local air quality with the on- going use of the proposed Project.

In conclusion, the Project would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations and impacts would be less than significant.

Less than Significant Impact.

Construction -Related Odor Impacts
Potential sources that may emit odors during Project construction activities include the application of materials such as asphalt pavement. The objectionable odors that may be produced during the Project construction process are of short-term in nature and the odor emissions are expected cease upon the drying or hardening of the odor producing materials. Diesel exhaust and VOCs would be emitted during construction of the Project, which are objectionable to some; however, emissions would disperse rapidly from the Project site and therefore should not reach an objectionable level at the nearest sensitive receptors. Due to the short-term nature and limited amounts of odor producing materials being utilized, no significant impact related to odors would occur during construction of the proposed Project.

Operational -Related Odor Impacts
The SCAQMD recommends that odor impacts be addressed in a qualitative manner. Such an analysis shall determine whether the Project would result in excessive nuisance odors, as defined under the California Code of Regulations and Section 41700 of the California Health and Safety Code, and thus would constitute a public nuisance related to air quality.

Potential sources that may emit odors during the on -going operations of the Project would include odor emissions from vehicle emissions. The Project consists of residential uses and would not attract a significant amount of heavy-duty truck traffic. Due to the distance City of Rancho Mirage
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of the nearest receptors from the Project site and through compliance with SCAQMD's Rule 402, no significant impact related to odors would occur during the on -going operations of the Project. Impacts would be less than significant.

3.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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4 - Biological Resources
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Potentially
Less Than
Less Than
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES — Would
Significant
Significant
Significant
No
the project:

Impact
p
with Mitigation
Impact
p
Impact
Incorporation
a) Have a substantial adverse effect,
either directly or through habitat
modifications, on any species identified
as a candidate, sensitive, or special
status species in local or regional plans,
❑
®
❑
❑
policies, or regulations, or by the
California Department of Fish and
Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service?
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on
any riparian habitat or other sensitive
natural community identified in local or
regional plans, policies, and regulations
❑
❑
❑
or by the California Department of Fish
and Wildlife or US Fish and Wildlife
Service?
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on
federally protected wetlands as defined
by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
(including, but not limited to, marsh,
❑
❑
❑
vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct
removal, filling, hydrological
interruption, or other means?
d) Interfere substantially with the
movement of any native resident or
migratory fish or wildlife species or with
established native resident or migratory
❑
®
❑
❑
wildlife corridors, or impede the use of
native wildlife nursery sites?
e) Conflict with any local policies or
ordinances protecting biological
resources, such as a tree preservation
❑
❑
❑
policy or ordinance?
f) Conflict with the provisions of an
adopted Habitat Conservation Plan,
Natural Community Conservation Plan,
❑
®
❑
❑
or other approved local, regional, or
state habitat conservation plan?
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Sources: Biological Resources Report for Tentative Tract Map No. 38222 (Vista Del Sol), ELMT Consulting, December 12, 2021 (Appendix B); Response to Comments — CDFW Letter, ELMT Consulting, January 10, 2023 (Appendix G)

4.1 Setting
A literature review and records search was conducted by ELMT Consulting, which identified 13 special -status plant species, 16 special -status wildlife species, and one special -status plant community (Desert Fan Palm Oasis Woodland) as having potential to occur within the Cathedral City quadrangle. The Project site has a low potential to support Coachella Valley milk vetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. coache/lae) and a moderate potential to support prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus) and loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus). The Project site is not located within a federally designated Critical Habitat.

A field survey also was conducted by ELMT Consulting on September 14, 2021. The Project site is located at an approximate elevation of 225 to 244 feet above mean sea level (amsl). On -site topography is variable and generally slopes marginally from north to south. The Project site supports one plant community: creosote bush scrub, which is dominated by creosote (Larrea tridentata) and has been isolated by surrounding development and no longer provides the same diversity and density of the creosote bush scrub that historically occurred in the area. The Project site also supports disturbed land, which consist of unvegetated or vegetated land with a variety of native and non-native plant species, including ornamental species.

No special -status plants or wildlife was found on the Project site during the field survey. No fish, amphibians, or hydrogeomorphic features that would provide suitable habitat for fish or amphibian species were observed on or within the vicinity of the Project site. The Project site provides suitable foraging and cover habitat for reptilian species adapted to routine human disturbance and desert environments. The only reptilian species observed during the field survey were western side -blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana elegans). The Project site provides suitable foraging and nesting habitat for avian species adapted to routine human disturbance and desert environments. Bird species detected during the field investigation include mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), common raven (Corvus corax), rock pigeon (Columba liva), house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), and verdin (Auriparus flaviceps). The Project site provides suitable foraging and denning habitat for mammalian species adapted to routine human disturbance and desert environments. However, most mammal species are nocturnal and are difficult to observe during a diurnal field visit. Mammals detected and/or sign observed during the field survey include desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), and coyote (Canis latrans). No active nests or birds displaying nesting behavior were observed during the field survey, which was conducted during breeding season.

4.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

The Project site occurs in an area of the City of Rancho Mirage that has undergone a conversion from natural habitats to residential, recreational, and commercial developments. According the City's General Plan, the Project site is located within the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP), which aims to conserve over 240,000 acres of open space and protect 27 plant and animal species.

A literature review and field survey for the site was conducted by ELMT Consulting on September 14, 2021. During the field survey, no special -status plant community was found on the site. The Project site only supports ornamental, non-native vegetation, including City of Rancho Mirage 35
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creosote bush scrub. The literature review identified one special -status plant community within the Cathedral City quadrangle: Desert Fan Palm Oasis Woodland. Based on the results of the field survey, no special -status plant communities were observed on -site; therefore, no special -status plant communities would be impacted by Project implementation.

The Project site is not located within a federally designated Critical Habitat. The nearest designated Critical Habitat to the site is located approximately 2.65 miles to the west for Peninsular Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis nelsoni). Therefore, the loss or adverse modification of Critical Habitat would not occur as a result of the proposed Project.

No special -status plant species or wildlife species were found on the site. Based on the literature review, the Project site has a low potential to support Coachella Valley milk - vetch. All other special -status plants known to occur in the vicinity of the site do not have potential to occur and are presumed to be absent. The Coachella Valley milk -vetch was not observed during the field survey and is a covered species under the CVMSHCP; therefore, the Project would not impact the Coachella Valley milk -vetch. The Project site also has a moderate potential to support the prairie falcon and loggerhead shrike. All other special -status wildlife species known to occur in the vicinity of the site have a low potential to occur and are presumed to be absent. To ensure impacts to the prairie falcon and loggerhead shrike do not occur from implementation of the proposed Project, a pre - construction nesting bird clearance survey would be conducted prior to ground disturbance as described in Mitigation Measure (MM) BIO-1. With implementation of MM BIO-1, impacts to prairie falcon and loggerhead shrike would be reduced to less than significant.

During the initial field survey conducted on September 14, 2021, the project site was surveyed for its ability to provide suitable habitat for burrowing owl. No burrowing owls or recent sign (i.e., pellets, feathers, castings, or whitewash) of such was observed during the field investigation. Portions of the project site are unvegetated and/or vegetated with a variety of low -growing plant species that allow for line -of -sight observation favored by burrowing owls. However, the project site lacks suitable burrows (>4 inches in diameter) capable of providing roosting and nesting opportunities. Therefore, it was determined that the project site has a low potential to provide suitable habitat for burrowing owls and focused surveys are not recommended. To ensure impacts to burrowing owls do not occur from implementation of the proposed Project, a pre -construction burrowing owl clearance survey would be conducted prior to ground disturbance as described in Mitigation Measure (MM) BIO-3. If any special -status species are documented onsite, in addition to conducting preconstruction surveys, the qualified biologist must complete the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) field survey form.
b-c) No Impact.

The Project site is located in an area of the City of Rancho Mirage that has undergone gradual urbanization. No jurisdictional drainage and/or wetland features were observed on the Project site during the field survey. Furthermore, no blueline streams have been recorded on the Project site and there is no evidence that the Project contained any streams, riparian habitat, marshes, protected wetlands, vernal pools or sensitive natural communities that would be protected by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) or by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Therefore, no impact would occur.

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d) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

The Project site has not been identified as occurring in a wildlife corridor or linkage. The site has limited adjacent open space and available open space is entirely surrounded by existing development, limiting its connectivity to surrounding habitats. In addition, there are no riparian corridors, creeks, or useful patches of steppingstone habitat (natural areas) within or connecting the site to a recognized wildlife corridor or linkage. As such, implementation of the proposed Project is not expected to impact wildlife movement opportunities. Therefore, impacts to wildlife corridors or linkages are not expected to occur.

However, nesting birds have the potential to occur given the sparse vegetation found on site. The Project's future construction could adversely affect nesting birds if construction was to occur while they are present or adjacent to the Project site, through direct mortality or abandonment of nest. If this was to occur it would be a violation of the MBTA and CFGC 3503, and a potentially significant impact. However, implementation of Mitigation Measures (MM) BIO-1 and BIO-3 would require a pre -construction nesting bird survey to mitigate any potential impacts to protect migratory nesting birds. The pre -construction survey shall be conducted by a biologist prior to any ground disturbing activities and/or removal of any vegetation. In the event that a raptor nest is observed personnel would be notified and no ground disturbing activities will occur until the avian biologist has confirmed the breeding/nesting is completed and the young have fledged the nest. Therefore, through implementation of MM BIO-1 and MM BIO-3, impacts would be reduced to less than significant.
e) No Impact.

The City has not adopted any ordinances regarding tree preservation. As observed during the field survey, the Project site mainly consists of small and medium size shrubs. No trees are located on the Project site under existing conditions. Therefore, the Project would not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance and no impact would occur. f) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

The Project site is located within the boundaries of CVMSHCP, but is not located within any conservation areas. The Project would be subject to payment of the Development Mitigation fee per Section 3.29.147 CVMSHCP/Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) Local Development Mitigation Fee of the City's Municipal Code, as described as MM BIO-2. The fee would mitigate potential impacts to covered species within the CVMSHCP. Although the site is located within the CVMSHCP boundary, as mentioned in Section 4 (a), the Project site is not located within a biological sensitive or any conservation areas. The Project would not conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. Impacts would be less than significant.

4.3 Mitigation Measures:

BIO-1 if unavoidable Pr(�JeGt GenStrUGtien aGtiVitieS must begin during the neStiRg bird seaseR removal aGtiVitie6. The nesting PFe GenStFUGtien bird survey shall be GenduGted by a City of Rancho Mirage 37
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Nesting bird surveys shall be performed by a qualified avian biologist no more than (3) days prior to vegetation removal or ground -disturbing activities. Pre -construction surveys shall focus on both direct and indirect evidence of nesting, including nest locations and nesting behavior. The qualified avian biologist shall make every effort to avoid potential nest predation as a result of survey and monitoring efforts. If active nests are found during the preconstruction nesting bird surveys, a qualified biologist shall establish an appropriate nest buffer to be marked on the ground. Nest buffers are species specific and shall be at least 300 feet for passerines and 500 feet for raptors. A smaller or larger buffer may be determined by the qualified biologist familiar with the nesting phenology of the nesting species and based on nest and buffer monitoring results. Established buffers shall remain on -site until a qualified biologist determines the young have fledged or the nest is no longer active. Active nests and adequacy of the established buffer distance shall be monitored daily by the qualified biologist until the qualified biologist has determined the young have fledged or the Project has been completed. The qualified biologist shall have the authority to stop work if nesting pairs exhibit signs of disturbance.
1131O-2 Prior to construction and issuance of any grading permit, the City of Rancho Mirage shall ensure compliance with the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP) and its associated Implementing Agreement and shall ensure the collection of payment of the CVMSHCP Local Development Mitigation Fee.

The ApplTGaRt shell pay the C;VMSHGP LGGal DevelepmeRt A+ieRFee pFie� 1131O-3 No less than 30 days prior to the start of Project -related activities, a burrowing owl habitat assessment shall be conducted by a qualified biologist according to the specifications of the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (Department of Fish and Game, March 2012 or most recent version). If the habitat assessment demonstrates suitable burrowing owl habitat, then focused burrowing owl surveys shall be conducted by a qualified biologist according to the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. If burrowing owls are detected during the focused surveys, the qualified biologist and Project Applicant shall Dreoare a Burrowina Owl Plan that shall be submitted to CDFW for review and approval prior to commencing Project activities. The Burrowing Owl Plan shall describe proposed avoidance, minimization, and monitoring actions. The Burrowing Owl Plan shall include the number and location of occupied burrow sites, acres of burrowing owl habitat that will be impacted, details of site monitoring, and details on proposed buffers and other avoidance measures if avoidance is proposed. If impacts to occupied City of Rancho Mirage 38
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burrowing owl habitat or burrow cannot be avoided, the Burrowing Owl Plan shall also describe relocation actions that will be implemented. Proposed implementation of burrow exclusion and closure should only be considered as a last resort, after all other options have been evaluated as exclusion is not in itself an avoidance, minimization, or mitigation method and has the possibility to result in take. If impacts to occupied burrows cannot be avoided, information shall be provided regarding adjacent or nearby suitable habitat available to owls along with proposed relocation actions. The Permittee shall implement the Burrowing Owl Plan following CDFW review and approval.

Pre -construction burrowing owl surveys shall be conducted no less than 14 days prior to the start of Project -related activities and within 24 hours prior to ground disturbance, in accordance with the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (CDFG 2012 or most recent version). Pre -construction surveys shall be performed by a qualified biologist following the recommendations and guidelines provided in the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. If the pre -construction surveys confirm occupied burrowing owl habitat, Project activities shall be immediately halted. The qualified biologist shall coordinate with CDFW and USFWS to conduct an impact assessment to develop avoidance and minimization measures to be approved by CDFW prior to commencing Project activities. 1131O4: A thorouah floristic -based assessment of saecial-status Dlants and natural ommunities following CDFW's Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities (CDFW 2018 or most recent version) shall be performed by a qualified biologist prior to commencing Project activities. Should any state -listed plant species be present in the Project area, the Project proponent shall obtain an Incidental Take Permit for those species not covered under the CVMSHCP prior to the start of Project activities.
113I0-5: No more than 14 days prior to the beginning of ground disturbance and/or Project activities, a qualified biologist shall conduct pre -construction surveys to determine if Dotential desert kit fox burrows/dens are Dresent in the Proiect area. Pre -construction surveys should include 100-percent visual coverage of the Project area and cannot be combined with other surveys conducted for other species while using the same personnel.

If the pre -construction surveys confirm occupied desert kit fox habitat, Project activities shall be immediately halted, and the qualified biologist shall notify CDFW and USFWS to develop avoidance, minimization, and mitigation measures. No disturbance of active dens shall take place when juvenile desert kit fox may be present and dependent on parental care.
1131O-6: More than 30 days prior to the beginning of ground disturbance and/or construction activities, a qualified biologist shall conduct a survey to determine if potential American badger burrows are present in the Project area. If potential burrows are located, they shall be monitored usina the best iudaement of the aualified bioloaist. If the burrow is determined to be active, the qualified biologist shall flap and create a 50-foot buffer around the den. If impacts to the den are unavoidable, the qualified biologist will verify there are suitable burrows in avoided habitat within the Project area or outside of the Project area prior to undertaking passive relocation actions. If no suitable burrows are located, artificial burrows shall be created at least 14 days prior to passive relocation. The qualified biologist shall block the entrance of the active burrow with soil, sticks, and debris for 3-5 days to discourage the use of the burrow prior to Project activities. The entrance shall be blocked City of Rancho Mirage 39
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to an incrementally greater degree over the 3- to 5-day period. After the qualified biologist has determined there are no active burrows, the burrows shall be hand -excavated to prevent re -use. No disturbance of active dens shall take place when juvenile American badgers may be present and dependent on parental care. A qualified biologist shall determine appropriate buffers and maintain connectivity to adjacent habitat should natal burrows be present.

BIO-7: To avoid impacts to terrestrial wildlife, a qualified biologist shall be on -site prior to and during all ground- and habitat -disturbing activities to inspect the Project area prior to any Project activities. Individuals of any wildlife species found shall not be harassed and shall be allowed to leave the Project areaunharmed. If needed, a qualified biologist may guide, handle, or capture an individual non -listed, non -special -status wildlife species to move it to a nearby safe location within nearby refugium, or it shall be allowed to leave the Project site of its own volition. Capture methods may include hand, dip net, lizard lasso, snake tongs, and snake hook. If the wildlife species is discovered or is caught in any pits, ditches, or other types of excavations, the qualified biologist shall release it into the most suitable habitat nearby the site of capture. Movement of wildlife out of harm's way should be limited to only those individuals that would otherwise by injured or killed, and individuals should be moved only as far a necessary to ensure their safety. Measures shall be taken to prevent wildlife from re-entering the Project site. Only biologists with appropriate authorization by CDFW shall move CESA-listed or other special -status species.

BIO-8: Restrict use of eauioment to hours least likelv to disrupt wildlife (e.a.. not at iaht or in earl morning). Do not use generators except for temporary use in emergencies. Power to sites can be provided by solar PV (photovoltaic)systems, cogeneration systems (natural gas generator), small microhydroelectric systems, or small wind turbine systems. Consider use of noise suppression devices such as mufflers or enclosure for generators. Sounds generated from any means must be below the 55-60 dB range within 50-feet from the source.

BIO-9: During Project construction and operation, the City shall eliminate all nonessential lighting throughout the Project area and avoid or limit the use of artificial light during the hours of dawn and dusk when many wildlife species are most active. The City shall ensure that lighting for Project activities is shielded, cast downward, and does not spill over onto other properties or upward into the night sky (see the International Dark -Sky Association standards at http://darksky.org/) . The City shall ensure use of LED lighting with a correlated color temperature of 3,000 Kelvins or less, proper disposal of hazardous waste, and recycling of lighting that contains toxic compounds with a qualified recycler.

BIO-10: Prior to Proiect-activities and issuance of anv aradina permit. the Proiect Sponsor shall obtain written correspondence from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) stating that notification under section 1602 of the Fish and Game Code is not required for the Project, or the Project Sponsor shall obtain a CDFW-executed Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement, authorizing impacts to Fish and Game Code section 1602 resources associated with the Project.

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5 - Cultural Resources
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Potentially
Less ThanLess
Than
CULTURAL RESOURCES — Would
Significant
Significant
Significant
No Impact
the project:

Im act
p
with Mitigation
Im act
p
Incorporation
a) Cause a substantial adverse
change in the significance of a
historical resource as defined in
❑
®
❑
❑
§15064.5?
b) Cause a substantial adverse
change in the significance of an
archaeological resource pursuant to
❑
®
❑
❑
§15064.5?
c) Disturb any human remains,
including those interred outside of
❑
®
❑
❑
formal cemeteries?
Sources: Cultural Resource Investigation in Support of the Vista Del Sol Project, PaleoWest, December 28, 2022. (Appendix C)

5.1 Setting
The Project site is situated east of the Peninsular Ranges in the southern extent of the Coachella Valley at the western edge of the Colorado Desert. The Coachella Valley is bordered by the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa mountains (part of the Peninsular Ranges) to the southwest and by the low, rolling Indio and Mecca hills to the northeast. From the steep slopes of the San Jacinto Mountains, the desert floor descends suddenly at less than 3 kilometers (2 miles) eastward to sea level in the city of Indio, less than 20 miles southeast of the Project site.

The Project site lacks many of the natural resources (e.g., water) that were exploited by prehistoric inhabitants of the region. No drainages or other hydrological features are present near the Project site. The area is situated well above the high water stand of Lake Cahuilla, which was located approximately 8 to 9 km to the southeast at an elevation of 40 feet amsl. No mesquite or other dense vegetation was observed on the Project site in any historic aerial images; however, the native soils are known to support mesquite. A review of plat maps indicate the presence of drainages and trails to the southwest but no cultural or natural features on the Project site.

According to the cultural resources survey conducted by PaleoWest on December 7, 2021, the Project site is comprised of low-lying sand dunes and has an uphill southernly aspect with a 5%- 10% slope. The soils are fine- to medium -grained eolian sands that are very light -tan in color made of quartz and granitic material. Vegetation within the Project site is a sparse Creosote Bush Scrub with creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), teddy bear cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii), cheesebush (Ambrosia saIsola), white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), and other herbaceous plants and grasses. Ground visibility in Project site is good to excellent (70-80%). Modern trash was noted throughout the Project site with larger concentrations along the western and eastern margins of the boundary near proximity the road and private property line.

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5.2 Discussion of Impacts:

Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
a-b) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

According to the literature review and records search on November 24, 2021, no fewer than 11 previous cultural resource investigations have been completed within the vicinity of the Project site. None of these studies include or intersect the Project site. Therefore, the Project site has not been previously inventoried for cultural resources. The records search indicated that one cultural resource (jackrabbit homestead) was previously documented just outside of the Project site. Ajackrabbit homestead is a small structure or dwelling constructed on land purchased from the U.S. government through the Small Tract Act of 1938. Aerial imagery indicates that in 1972 the Project site was largely undeveloped except for a small structure in the northwest corner of the property. By 1996 this small structure was removed and there appears to be no remaining evidence of this structure visible in aerial imagery.

According to the cultural resources survey conducted by PaleoWest on December 7, 2021, no evidence of the jackrabbit homestead in the northwest corner of the site was identified. An approximately 16.5 by 23 feet concrete pad or foundation of unknown age was noted in the southwest corner of the Project site. The foundation may have been associated with the jackrabbit homestead that was previously documented just outside of the Project site; however, a building or foundation is not visible at this location in the 1972 historic aerial. Therefore, there is no indication that these two structures were present at the same time or were associated with one another.

No prehistoric or historic (i.e., 45 years or older) archaeological resources were identified on the surface of the Project site during the survey effort. In addition, no built -environment resources were identified during the survey. Considering the available data, it appears that the Project site has a low sensitivity for Late Prehistoric and/or ethnohistoric archaeological sites. However, considering the age of the sand dunes, the possibility that older buried archaeological resources may be encountered at deeper depths does exist.

Furthermore, the presence of two potential "jackrabbit homesteads" on the Project site suggests a moderate to high sensitivity for encountering mid-century historic buried artifact and/or feature deposits. Through implementation of Mitigation Measure CUL-1, if buried cultural materials are discovered during the earth -moving operations, all work in that area will be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds and if necessary develop a treatment plan in consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage. Therefore, with the incorporation of Mitigation Measure CUL-1, impacts relating to significant historical and archaeological resources would be reduced to less than significant levels.
c) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

The Project site is vacant and undeveloped under existing conditions. Modern trash was noted throughout the Project site with larger concentrations along the western and eastern margins of the boundary near proximity the road and private property line. The vegetation observed within the Project boundaries include creosote bushes, teddy bear cholla, cheesebush, fourwing saltbush, and other herbaceous plants and grasses. There is no evidence that the Project site is located within an area that would be likely of containing human remains. However, there is always the possibility that human remains could be uncovered during ground disturbing activities. In the unexpected event that human remains are found during construction activities, those remains would require proper treatment in City of Rancho Mirage 42
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accordance with all applicable laws. Through implementation of Mitigation Measure CUL- 2, all construction work taking place within the vicinity of the discovered remains must cease and the necessary steps to ensure the integrity of the immediate area must be taken.

The State of California Health and Safety Code 7050.5 and the California Public Resource Code (PRC) Section 5097.98, states that the County Coroner must be notified within 24 hours of the discovery of human remains. If the remains discovered are determined by the coroner to the Native American descent, the coroner shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours. The NAHC would in turn contact the Most Likely Descendant (MLD) would determine further action to be taken. The MLD would have 48 hours to access the Project site and make a recommendation regarding disposition of the remains. Therefore, with incorporation of Mitigation Measure CUL-2, impacts relating to the potential disturbance of human remains would be reduced to less than significant levels.

5.3 Mitiaation Measures:

CUL-1 If buried cultural materials are discovered during the earth -moving operations, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds and, if necessary, develop a treatment plan in consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage and the appropriate Native American tribes.

The presence of a aualified archaeoloaist shall meet the Secretary of the Interior's standards during any ground disturbing activities.

CUL-2 In the unexpected event human remains are uncovered during construction activities, all construction work taking place within the vicinity of the discovered remains must cease and the necessary steps to ensure the integrity of the immediate area must be taken. The County Coroner must be notified within 24 hours of the discovery of human remains. If the remains discovered are determined by the Coroner to be of Native American descent, the Coroner shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours. The NAHC would in turn contact the Most Likely Descendant (MLD) would determine further action to be taken. The MLD would have 48 hours to access the site and make a recommendation regarding disposition of the remains.

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6 - Energy
Vista Del Sol
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April 2023
ENERGY — Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Im act
p
Less
SignifiThan cant
with Mitigation
Incorporation
Less Than
Significant
Im act
p
No Impact
a) Result in potentially significant
environmental impact due to wasteful,
inefficient, or unnecessary
❑
❑
❑
❑
consumption of energy resources,
during project construction or
operation?
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or
local plan for renewable energy or
❑
❑
®
❑
energy efficiency?
Sources: TTM 38222 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study, MD Acoustics, April 26, 2022 (Appendix A); Building Energy Efficient Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, California Energy Commission, December 2018

6.1 Setting
Electricity
Southern California Edison (SCE) and the Rancho Mirage Energy Authority (RMEA) provide electricity to the City of Rancho Mirage, including the Project site. The Rancho Mirage Energy Authority (RMEA) is a locally run, not -for -profit power program created by the City of Rancho Mirage. RMEA purchases power directly from power providers, pays consultants for compliance functions, and sets electricity rates based on its costs. Each SCE customer that resides within the City of Rancho Mirage is automatically enrolled in the Base Choice program which allows 31.7% of each customers energy to be provided by renewable energy sources. Customers additionally have an option to enroll in RMEA's Premium Renewable Choice program which allows 100% of each customers energy to be provided by renewable energy sources. Though RMEA will provide the renewable energy production, SCE is still the electricity provider for the City of Rancho Mirage.

The Project involves development of 331,000 s.f. of new single-family homes over the course of approximately 17 months. The total electricity usage from Project construction -related activities is estimated to be approximately 237,085 kilowatts per hour (kWh). Project operational activities is estimated to generate 71,682 kWh per year.

Natural Gas
Natural gas for the Project site is provided by the Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas).

The Project is estimated to generate 254,582 kilo -British thermal unit (kBTU) per year.

6.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant Impact.

Energy Use During Construction
The Project's construction process would consume electricity and fuel. Project -related construction activities would represent a "single -event" demand and would not require on- going or permanent commitment of energy resources. The amount of energy and fuel use City of Rancho Mirage 44
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anticipated by the Project's construction activities are typical for the type of scale of construction proposed by the Project and there are no aspects of the Project's proposed construction process that are unusual or energy -intensive. Furthermore, construction equipment would be required to conform to the applicable CARB emissions standards, acting to promote equipment fuel efficiencies. Based on the foregoing, the Project's construction energy consumption would not be considered inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary. Impacts during Project construction would be less than significant.

Energy Use During Operation
Building operations associated with the Project would result in the consumption of natural gas and electricity. The Project provides eight single-family residential buildings, which are not inherently energy intensive, and the Project energy demands in total would be comparable to, or less than, other single-family homes of similar scale. Furthermore, the Project would be required to comply with Title 24 standards, which would ensure that the Project's energy demand would not be considered inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary. Additionally, future residences will have the opportunity to enroll in the renewable energy options offered by Rancho Mirage Energy Authority (RMEA), which offers homeowners and businesses the option to have 100% of their energy derived from renewable energy resources. Therefore, impacts during Project operation would be less than significant.
b) Less than Significant Impact.

The Project's proposed eight single-family homes would be required to comply with the California Green Building Standards Code requirements for energy efficient buildings and appliances and other standards, including utility energy efficiency programs implemented by the SCE, Rancho Mirage Energy Action Plan, and SoCalGas. Regarding federal transportation regulations, the Project site is located in an already developed area. Access to and from the Project site is from existing roads; therefore, the Project would not interfere with, nor otherwise obstruct intermodal transportation plans or projects that may be proposed pursuant to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) because SCAG is not planning for intermodal facilities in the Project area. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact on plans for energy efficiency.

6.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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7 - Geology and Soils
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Potentially
Less ThanLess
Than
GEOLOGY AND SOILS — Would the
Significant
Significant
Significant
No Impact
project:

Impact
p
with Mitigation
Impact
p
Incorporation
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including
the risk of loss, injury, or death
involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake
fault, as delineated on the most recent
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault
Zoning Map issued by the State
for the area or based on
El
El
ElGeologist
other substantial evidence of a known
fault? Refer to Division of Mines and
Geology Special Publication 42.
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking?
❑
❑
®
❑
iii) Seismic -related ground failure,
including liquefaction?
❑
❑
®
❑
iv) Landslides?
❑
❑
®
❑
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or
the loss of topsoil?
❑
❑
❑
❑
c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil
that is unstable, or that would become
unstable as a result of the project, and
potentially result in on- or off -site
❑
❑
®
❑
landslide, lateral spreading,
subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?
d) Be located on expansive soil, as
defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform
Building Code (1994), creating
❑
❑
®
❑
substantial risks to life or property?
e) Have soils incapable of adequately
supporting the use of septic tanks or
alternative wastewater disposal
systems where sewers are not
❑
❑
❑
available for the disposal of
wastewater?
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April 2023
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a
unique paleontological resource or
site or unique geologic feature?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017, Exhibits 21-25; Rancho Mirage Municipal Code, Title 15; Riverside County Map My County, 2021; University of California, Davis SoilWeb, 2021; Geotechnical Report, LandMark Consultants Inc., September 24, 2021

7.1 Setting
The City of Rancho Mirage lies within the western portion of the Coachella Valley, which is the northwestern extension of the Salton Trough, a tectonic depression formed by regional faulting.

The Salton Trough is roughly 130 miles long and 70 miles wide and extends from the San Gorgonio Pass to the Gulf of Mexico. Regional soils range from rocky outcrops within the mountains bordering the valley to coarse gravels of mountain canyons and recently laid fine- and medium -grained alluvial (stream -deposited) and aeolian (wind -deposited) sediments on the central valley floor. Sediments from the surrounding mountains are carried into and across the Coachella Valley through numerous seasonal streams. The Whitewater River and its extension, the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, are the master drainage for the valley, which generally flows northwest to southeast. Episodic flooding of major regional drainages results in the deposition of sand and gravel on the valley floor.

7.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a.i.) No Impact.

There are no known active faults crossing or projecting through the Project site. The Project site is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone, or within a fault zone identified by the County of Riverside GIS data. Therefore, ground rupture due to faulting is considered unlikely at this site. No impact would occur. a.ii.) Less than Significant.

The Project site is located in a seismically active area of southern California and is expected to experience moderate to severe ground shaking during the lifetime of the Project. This risk is not considered substantially different than that of other similar properties in the southern California area. As a mandatory condition of Project approval, the Project would be required to construct the proposed buildings in accordance with the California Building Standards Code (CBSC), also known as California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24 (Part 2), and the Rancho Mirage Municipal Code, which is based on the CBSC with local amendments. The CBSC and Rancho Mirage Municipal Code (Chapter

15.04) provide standards that must be met to safeguard life or limb, health, property, and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy, location, and maintenance of all buildings and structures, and have been specifically tailored for California earthquake conditions. In addition, a geotechnical report is required as part of the application for a grading permit and the Project would be required to comply with the site -specific ground preparation and construction recommendations contained in the geotechnical report. With mandatory compliance with these standards and site -specific design and construction measures set forth in the Project's geotechnical report, potential impacts related to seismic ground shaking would be less than significant. As such, implementation of the Project would not expose people or structures to substantial adverse effects, including loss, injury, or death, involving seismic ground shaking. Impacts would be less than significant.

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a.iii.) Less than Significant.

According to Map My County and Exhibit 22 of the City's General Plan, the Project site is located in a moderate susceptibility zone for liquefaction. However, a geotechnical report is required as part of the application for a grading permit and the Project would be required to comply with the site -specific ground preparation and construction recommendations contained in the geotechnical report to further reduce the risk of seismic -related ground failure due to liquefaction. Therefore, implementation of the Project would not directly or indirectly expose people or structures to substantial hazards associated with seismic - related ground failure and/or liquefaction hazards. Impacts would be less than significant. a.iv.) Less than Significant.

The Project is located on an area of the City that has been developed and is relatively flat and not located immediately adjacent to any sloped hillsides. In addition, according to Exhibit 24, Seismically Induced Rock Falls and Landslide Susceptibility, of the City's General Plan, the Project site is located within an area with a low susceptibility of being impacted by rock falls and seismically -induced landsliding. Therefore, the development of the Project would result in a less -than -significant impact relating to landslide hazards. b) Less than Significant.

During construction of the proposed Project, soils would be disrupted during grading activities due to exposure of uncovered soils, thereby increasing the potential for wind or water -related erosion and sedimentation until construction is completed. Pursuant to State Water Resources Control Board requirements, the Applicant is required to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for construction activities, which involves preparation and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for construction -related activities. The SWPPP will specify the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that would be required to be implemented during construction activities to ensure that waterborne pollution (erosion and sedimentation) is prevented., minimized, and/or otherwise appropriately treated prior to surface runoff being discharged from the subject property. The Project also would be required to comply with SCAQMD Rule 403 to minimize water and windborne erosion. Lastly, the Project would be required to prepare and implement a Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP), which is a site -specific post -construction water quality management program designed to minimize the release of waterborne pollutants, including pollutants of concern for downstream receiving waters, under long-term conditions via BMPs. The WQMP also is required to establish a post -construction implementation and maintenance plan to ensure on -going, long-term erosion protection. Therefore, with adherence to SCAQMD Rule 403, and preparation of a SWPPP and WQMP, the proposed Project would result in less -than - significant -impacts related to soil erosion.
c) Less than Significant.

The Project site does not contain substantial natural or man-made slopes under existing conditions. Additionally, there are no hillsides in the vicinity of the Project site with a potential to expose the site to landslide hazards. Therefore, no impact would occur related to landslides.

Lateral spreading is primarily associated with liquefaction hazards. As previously mentioned in Section 7(a)(ii), above, the Project would be required to comply with the grading and construction recommendations contained within the geotechnical report for the Project to further reduce the risk of seismic -related ground failure due to liquefaction as well as soil shrinkage/subsidence and collapse. Therefore, impacts associated with City of Rancho Mirage 48
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liquefaction, lateral spreading, soil shrinkage/subsidence, and collapse would be less than significant.
d) Less than Significant.

According to the University of California Davis' SoilWeb, the Project site consists of Myoma sands. Due to the low clay content in underlying soils, these near surface soils are non -expansive. The Project site is not located in an area known for expansive soil (as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994)), and the potential for the Project to create substantial risks to life or property, relating to expansive soils, is very low.

Therefore, Project impacts would be less than significant. e) No Impact.

The Project would not involve the use of septic tanks or any other alternative wastewater disposal systems. The Project would be served through the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD). Therefore, there would be no impacts associated with septic tanks or alternative wastewater systems.
f) No Impact.

According to Map My County, the Project site is located in a low potential zone regarding paleontological sensitivity. Accordingly, the Project's construction activities would have no reasonable potential to unearth significant paleontological resources and would therefore have no potential to destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature either directly or indirectly. No impact would occur.

7.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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8 — Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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April 2023
GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS —
Potentially
Less ThanLess
Significant
Than
Would the project:

Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
No Impact
Impact
Incorporation
Impact
a) Generate greenhouse gas
emissions, either directly or indirectly,
that may have a significant impact on
❑
❑
®
❑
the environment?
b) Conflict with an applicable plan,
policy or regulation adopted for the
purpose of reducing the emissions of
❑
❑
®
❑
greenhouse gases?
Sources: TTM 38222 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study, MD Acoustics, April 26, 2022 (Appendix A)

8.1 Setting
Constituent gases of the Earth's atmosphere, called atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), play a critical role in the Earth's radiation amount by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, which otherwise would have escaped to space. Prominent greenhouse gases contributing to this process include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone, water vapor, nitrous oxide (N20), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This phenomenon, known as the Greenhouse Effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate. Anthropogenic (caused or produced by humans) emissions of these greenhouse gases in excess of natural ambient concentrations are responsible for the enhancement of the Greenhouse Effect and have led to a trend of unnatural warming of the Earth's natural climate, known as global warming or climate change. Emissions of gases that induce global warming are attributable to human activities associated with industrial/manufacturing, agriculture, utilities, transportation, and residential land uses. Transportation is responsible for 41 percent of the State's greenhouse gas emissions, followed by electricity generation. Emissions of CO2 and nitrous oxide (NO2) are byproducts of fossil fuel combustion. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, results from off -gassing associated with agricultural practices and landfills. Sinks of CO2, where CO2 is stored outside of the atmosphere, include uptake by vegetation and dissolution into the ocean. Table 6 of Appendix A provides a description of each of the greenhouse gases and their global warming potential.

In 2006 California passed the Global Warming Solutions Act (Assembly Bill 32 or AB 32), which gave a new impetus to measuring and reducing energy use and GHG emissions. The goal California set with AB 32 is to reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Executive Order S-03-05 set an even more aggressive goal-80% below 1990 levels by 2050-and identified local governments as key partners in reaching these goals.

Thanks to aggressive statewide programs, California's emissions have remained relatively stable over the past 15 years. According to the Energy Information Administration of the U.S.

Department of Energy, only Vermont, New York, Idaho, and Rhode Island have smaller per capita carbon footprints than California. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has been instructed to implement AB 32. Its Climate Change Scoping Plan was approved in 2008 and readopted in 2011 and outlines the state's plan to achieve GHG reductions required in AB 32. In the Scoping City of Rancho Mirage 50
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Plan, CARB encourages local governments to adopt a reduction goal for GHG emissions from municipal operations and move towards establishing similar goals for community -wide emissions that parallel the state's commitment to reduce GHGs.

The City of Rancho Mirage's 2012 Sustainability Plan: Leadership in Energy Efficiency (Plan) serves as a framework for the development and implementation of policies and programs that will reduce the City's GHG emissions. It falls within a broader sustainability planning context supported by Southern California Edison (SCE) and its ratepayers in a program called Green for Life. The plan addresses climate change at the local level by taking action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the City's operations and within the overall community with the target of reducing emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 as set by AB 32.

In an effort to stay ahead of impending regulations, this Sustainability Plan defines the City of Rancho Mirage's goal of complying, at a minimum, with statewide mandates to reduce GHG emissions. At the same time, through considered action, Rancho Mirage anticipates the following outcomes:
• Increase energy efficiency in local government operations and in community activities; • Create new jobs in the community associated with smart energy management; • Save money now being spent for energy and explore the establishment of a revolving fund whereby energy savings will be available for municipal and community programs to enhance energy efficiency and continue to reduce GHG emissions; • Maintain or enhance the comfortable desert lifestyle of residents and visitors alike; and • Bring the CVAG jurisdictions together for effective regional sustainability and climate action planning.

Rancho Mirage completed the 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory creating a path to sustainability.

The inventory provides a detailed and clear analysis of the City's "carbon footprint," showing the sources and sectors of emissions, highlighting opportunities for emissions reductions that make sense for Rancho Mirage. Highlights of the 2010 GHG Inventory for Rancho Mirage are included below. (The full Inventory can be found in Section III of the Rancho Mirage Sustainability Plan):

In 2010, Rancho Mirage emitted 277,698 metric tons (or tonnes) of CO2e. To meet AB 32 targets, by 2020 the City needed to reduce its annual emissions by 54,272 tonnes.

In 2010, the largest percentage of emissions - over 43% - came from the electricity used to power the City's homes, businesses, resorts, fountains, and streetlights.

In 2010, the largest percentage of emissions -over 43%- came from the electricity used to power the City's homes, businesses, resorts, fountains, and streetlights.

8.2 Discussion of Imaacts:
a) Less than Significant Impact.

The Project allows for the development of eight single-family residential dwelling units.

The Project is anticipated to generate GHG emissions from area sources, energy usage, mobile sources, waste, water, and construction equipment. The CaIEEMod Version 2020.4.0 was utilized by MD Acoustics, LLC, to calculate the GHG emissions from the Project. As shown in Table 8, the Project would result in approximately 150.37 MTCO2e per year and would not exceed the SCAQMD screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year. Therefore, Project GHG emissions impacts would be less than significant.

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Table 8 Project -Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Metric TonsNear)'
Category
= •2 NonBiO-CO2 CO2•

0.96 1.99 2.94 0.00

0.00 CO2e

3.04 Area
Sourcesz
Energy

0.00 26.30

26.30 0.00

0.00 26.44
Usage 3
Mobile

0.00 97.03

97.03 0.01

0.00 98.46
Sources4
Solid Wastes

2.16 0.00

2.16 0.13

0.00 5.36
Water6

0.19 2.08

2.27 0.02

0.00 2.89
Construction'

0.00 13.21

13.21 0.00

0.00t4.18
Total

3.31 140.61
143.92

0.16 0.0150.37
Emissions
County of Riverside CAP and SCAQMD Draft Screening Threshold 3,000
Exceeds Threshold?
No
Notes:
'Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0
AArea sources consist of GHG emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscape equipment.
3Energy usage consist of GHG emissions from electricity and natural gas usage.

Mobile sources consist of GHG emissions from vehicles.
5Solid waste includes the CO2 and CH4 emissions created from the solid waste placed in
landfills.
'Water includes GHG emissions from electricity used for transport of water and processing of wastewater.
'Construction GHG emissions based on a 30-year amortization rate. b) Less than Significant Impact.

The proposed Project would have the potential to conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs.

The County of Riverside has adopted a Climate Action Plan (CAP); therefore, the Project and its GHG emissions have been compared to the goals of the County of Riverside CAP Update.

Per the County's CAP Update, the County adopted its first CAP in 2015 which set a target to reduce emissions back to 1990 levels by the year 2020 as recommended in the AB 32 Scoping Plan. Furthermore, the goals and supporting measures within the County's CAP Update are proposed to reflect and ensure compliance with changes in the local and State policies and regulations such as Senate Bill (SB) 32 and California's 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Therefore, compliance with the County's CAP in turn reflects consistency with the goals of the CARB Scoping Plan, Assembly Bill (AB) 32 and SB 32.

Appendix D of the Riverside County CAP Update also states that project's that do not exceed the CAP's screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are considered to have less -than -significant GHG emissions and are in compliance with the County's CAP Update. According to the County's CAP Update, projects that do not exceed emissions of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are also required to include the following efficiency measures:

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• Energy efficiency matching or exceeding the Title 24 requirements in effect as of January 2017, and
• Water conservation measures that matches the California Green Building Code in effect as of January 2017.

As stated above, the GHG emissions generated by the proposed Project would not exceed the County of Riverside CAP Update screening threshold of 3,000 metric tons per year of CO2e. Therefore, the Project would be consistent with the County's CAP. Impacts would be less than significant.

8.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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9 - Hazards and Hazardous Materials
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April 2023
Potentially
Less Than
Less Than

HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS
Significant
Significant
Significant
No
MATERIALS — Would the project:

Impact
with Mitigation
Impact
Impact
Incorporation
a) Create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment through the
routine transport, use, or disposal of
❑
❑
®
❑
hazardous materials?
b) Create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment through
reasonably foreseeable upset and
accident conditions involving the
❑
❑
®
❑
release of hazardous materials into the
environment?
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle
hazardous or acutely hazardous
materials, substances, or waste within
❑
❑
❑
one -quarter mile of an existing or
proposed school?
d) Be located on a site which is included
on a list of hazardous materials sites
compiled pursuant to Government Code
Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would
❑
❑
❑
❑
it create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment?
e) For a project located within an airport
land use plan or, where such a plan has
not been adopted, within two miles of a
public airport or public use airport,
❑
❑
❑
would the project result in a safety
hazard for people residing or working in
the project area?
f) Impair implementation of or physically
interfere with an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation
❑
❑
®
❑
plan?
g) Expose people or structures to a
significant risk of loss, injury or death
involving wildland fires, including where
wildlands are adjacent to urbanized
❑
❑
❑
areas or where residences are
intermixed with wildlands?
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Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; California Department of Toxic Substances Control "EnviroStor" Database, accessed September 2021; Altum Site Visit on September 13, 2021

9.1 Setting
A hazardous material is any substance that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical properties, may pose a hazard to human health and the environment. Under Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), the term "hazardous substance" refers to both hazardous materials and hazardous wastes. Both of these are classified according to four properties: (1) ignitability; (2) corrosivity; (3) reactivity; and (4) toxicity.

A hazardous material is defined as a substance or combination of substances which may either (1) cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness; or (2) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed.

The Project site is located on two undeveloped parcels in a semi -urban area of Rancho Mirage.

During the site visit there were no observations made of any signs of hazardous materials onsite or signs of any underground storage tanks. The site was mainly occupied by sparse vegetation.

Surrounding uses include vacant, undeveloped land to north, west, and south, and residential east of the Project site.

9.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a-b) Less than Significant.

The Project site is not known to contain hazardous materials as it has been vacant and undeveloped since approximately 1996. Proposed construction activities for the development of the Project may involve the use and transport of hazardous materials, which include but not limited to fuels, gasoline, hydraulic fluid, lubricants, and other liquids associated with the operation of heavy equipment utilized for construction. Additionally, materials that are consistent with building construction would also be present onsite and these materials may include paints, solvents, concrete, adhesives, roofing materials, and others. Additionally, transportation, storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials during construction activities would be required to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local statues and regulations. This includes the preparation of a SWPPP that would outline specific BMPs that would be administered during the construction of the Project in order to prevent the discharge of construction -related pollutants that could contaminate nearby water sources. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA; 42 USC 6901 et seq.) would require businesses with substantial quantities of hazardous materials to adhere to strict requirements in regards to handlings, transportation, and storing of supplies. Furthermore, the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq. protects against the risk to life, property, and the environment that are associated in the transportation of hazardous materials in intrastate, interstate, and foreign commerce.

Upon completion of the proposed construction, all hazardous materials would be removed from the Project site. Therefore, with all applicable regulations in place, impacts associated with accidental release of hazardous substances during construction activities would be less than significant.

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Long-term operations of the Project would involve limited use of substances typically associated with individual households. Typical materials would include paints, cleaning solvents, fertilizers, and motor oil. The Project would be required to comply with federal, state, and local regulations to ensure proper use, storage, use, emission, and disposal of hazardous substances. With mandatory regulatory compliance, the Project is not expected to pose a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine, transport, use, storage, emission, or disposal of hazardous materials, nor would the Project increase the potential for accident conditions which could result in the release of hazardous materials into the environment. Impacts would be less than significant. c) No Impact.

The nearest school is First School, a preschool which is located approximately 1 mile southeast of the Project site at 73247 Hovley Lane. The Project would not impact schools within 0.25-miles by emitting hazardous or handling hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste. No impact would occur. d) No Impact.

According to the County of Riverside EIR No. 5211 and California Department of Toxic Substances Control "EnviroStor" Database, the Project site does not contain any parcel included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5. Therefore, the proposed Project would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment. Nevertheless, future development could require Phase I Environmental Site Assessments and subsequent procedures, if necessary, to eliminate or minimize the potential hazards. No impact would occur. e) No Impact.

The Project site is not located within an airport land use plan or private airstrip. The closest airport to the Project site is the Bermuda Dunes Airport, which is located approximately

6.6 miles southeast of the Project site. Therefore, the Project would not result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people in the planning area. No impact would occur. f) Less than Significant.

The City of Rancho Mirage has a Multi -Hazard Functional Plan that addresses the City's planned response and short-term recovery to extraordinary emergency situation that are associated with natural disasters, technological incidents, and national security emergencies. The Project would adhere to any applicable mitigation strategies listed within the EOP to assure that the Project would not physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. Impacts would be less than significant.
g) No Impact.

According to the City's General Plan Exhibit 27, Fire Threat Map, the Project site is not located within a wildfire hazard zone. No wildlands are located in the vicinity of the Project site. Under existing conditions, the Project site is sparsely vegetated with sandy soils and provides no fire fuel source. Based on the urban location of the Project site and lack of wildland in the Project vicinity, the development of the Project would not expose people or structures to wildland fires. No impact would occur.

9.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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10 - Hydrology and Water Quality
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April 2023
Potentially
Less ThanLess
Than

HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Significant
Significant
Significant
No
— Would the project:

Impact
with Mitigation
Impact
Impact
Incorporation
a) Violate any water quality standards
or waste discharge requirements?
❑
❑
®
❑
b) Substantially decrease groundwater
supplies or interfere substantially with
groundwater recharge such that the
project may impede sustainable
❑
❑
®
❑
groundwater management of the
basin?
c) Substantially alter the existing
drainage pattern of the site or area,
including through the alteration of the
course of a stream or river, or through
the addition of impervious surfaces, in
❑
❑
®
❑
a manner which would:
i) Result in substantial erosion or
siltation on- or off -site?
ii) Substantially increase the rate or
amount of surface runoff in a manner
which would result in flooding on- or
❑
❑
®
❑
offsite?
iii) Create or contribute runoff water
which would exceed the capacity of
existing or planned stormwater
drainage systems or provide
❑
❑
®
❑
substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff?
iv) Impede or redirect flood flows?
❑
❑
❑
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche
zones, risk release of pollutants due to
❑
❑
❑
project inundation?
e) Conflict with or obstruct
implementation of a water quality
control plan or sustainable groundwater
❑
❑
®
❑
management plan?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan, 2017; Federal Management Emergency Act Flood Insurance Rate Map No. 06065C1595G, effective August 28. 2008; Preliminary Drainage Plan City of Rancho Mirage 57
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10.1 Setting
The Coachella Valley climate is characterized as "subtropical desert." Annual rainfall is very low, ranging from 2 to 4 inches per year on the valley floor and averaging 5 to 6 inches in the foothills.

In some years, no measurable rainfall has been reported on portions of the valley floor. Most rainfall occurs during the cooler months of November through March, but occasional high -intensity thunderstorms and tropical storms occur in late summer and early fall. Although the ground may be generally dry at the beginning of a storm, sufficient amounts and intensities of rainfall can saturate the surface, substantially reducing percolation and increasing runoff. Summer storms pose a greater threat of localized flooding than winter storms because of their high intensity and short duration. Monsoons and warm winter storms with snowmelt can generate significant runoff over a much larger area.

10.2 Discussion of Imaacts:
a) Less than Significant.

Construction of the Project would be subject to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater regulations for construction which are required when there is a soil disturbance of more than one acre. The Applicant would be required to comply with all rules, regulations and procedures of the NPDES permit for municipal, construction, and industrial activities as outlined by the California State Water Resources Control Board or any of its Regional Water Quality Control Boards (Colorado River Basin — Region 7). A Project specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) must also be prepared to determine and describe the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that would be implemented on the Project site. The Project would be required to meet all applicable water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, thus avoiding any violation of such standards or requirements.

CVWD's domestic water system serving the City of Rancho Mirage includes 57 wells, nine aboveground storage reservoirs (water tanks) and an extensive system of distribution lines ranging in size from 2 to 36 inches in diameter. According to the General Plan, since the 1900's and leading through today, depletion of groundwater basins has been accelerating since the expansion of agricultural activities. Consequently, groundwater demand exceeds available recharge and in turn causing an "overdraft". To ensure water availability, Coachella Valley water agencies contract with Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) to exchange their water entitlement from the State Water Project for like amounts from the Colorado River. Water is diverted and percolates into the Whitewater Subbasin via MWD's aqueduct that crosses the Whitewater River. The mentioned agreement is intended to assure adequate water supplies through the year 2035. Furthermore, the aforementioned water agencies are required to prepare an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) every five years. This plan helps set forth a program to meet water demands during normal, dry, and multiple dry years. The UWMP helps to ensure that water supplies are being planned for and meet future growth. The 2020 UWMP determined that adequate water supplies would be available to serve existing service areas through the year 2040. As such, since the Project site is within the City's existing service area and has been accounted for within these water projections, the proposed Project would be consistent with the 2020 UWMP and would not substantially decrease groundwater supplies. Therefore, impacts to groundwater supplies would be less than significant.

The Project would connect to a proposed sewer line located beneath Vista Del Sol.

Wastewater would be transported to and processed at one of CVWD's Wastewater City of Rancho Mirage 58
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Treatment Plants. CVWD implements all requirements of the Regional Water Quality Control Board which pertain to water quality and wastewater discharge. Adherence to all NPDES regulations would minimize any pollutants associated with urban runoff to a less than significant level. Therefore, with implementation of all applicable NPDES regulations, impacts to water quality standards or waste discharge requirements would be less than significant.
b) Less than Significant.

The primary source of water in the Coachella Valley is groundwater extracted by deep wells and replenished with Colorado River Water. The CVWD will provide domestic water service to the Project and is a participant in the Coachella Valley Regional Water Management Group that prepared an Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (WMP) in 2018. The 2018 Integrated Regional WMP determined that long-term regional demand for potable water is expected to increase; however, with continued conservation measures and replenishment of groundwater, sufficient supplies would be available to meet the projected demand. As such, Project water demands have already been accounted for within the 2018 Integrated Regional WMP and sufficient water supplies exist to serve the Project.

At Project buildout, water would be required to serve the needs of the proposed development of eight single-family homes. The Project site would capture and retain the volume of surface runoff generated during the 100-Year design storm on -site. Storage would be provided around the perimeter of Vista Del Sol to collect runoff from the on -site paved road. No new wells or additional water infrastructure are proposed. The Project would be required to comply with the CVWD's and the City's water -efficiency requirements, such as including the use of drought -tolerant planting materials and limited landscaping irrigation. The Project would also be required to comply with the CVWD's drought restrictions and water reduction measures as applicable. Therefore, compliance and implementation of CVWD and City requirements would ensure that the Project would not substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge. Impacts would be less than significant. c.i) Less than Significant.

The Project would mass grade the entire property and construct eight single-family homes, which would change the site's existing ground contours and alter the existing drainage patterns interior to the Project site. Although the Project would alter the subject property's internal drainage patterns, such changes would not result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off -site. Under post -development conditions, a majority of the site would be covered with impervious surfaces and, therefore, the amount of exposed soils on the Project site would be minimal. Also, the Project would construct an integrated storm drain system on - site with site design BMPs (i.e., retention basins) to minimize the amount of water -borne pollutants carried from the Project site. The implementation of the retention basins and other design features would allow for control of any existing erosion or siltation that is attributed to the undeveloped site. Accordingly, the Project would not result in substantial erosion or siltation onsite or offsite and a less -than -significant impact would occur. c.ii) Less than Significant.

As described in Section 10(c)(i), above, implementation of the Project would alter the site's existing drainage patterns but would not substantially alter the drainage pattern of the local area.

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April 2023
The site would be required to collect and store 100% of runoff generated during the 100- year storm event. To achieve this each of the lots of the Project site would be required to retain their own stormwater runoff on -site using retention basins. Runoff from the on -site paved road would be retained on -site as well. Storage would be provided around the perimeter of Vista Del Sol to collect runoff from the Project's frontage with Vista Del Sol.

All retention basins and storage would be sized to retain the entire storm volume generated on -site during the 10-year design storm.

The Project site would also provide sufficient capacity to contain the runoff volume generated during the 100-year design storm. Collected and stored water would infiltrate into the ground within a maximum 72-hour period. Implementation of the Project would not substantially increase the rate or amount of surface water runoff discharged from the site in a manner that would result in flooding on or offsite. c.iii) Less than Significant.

As previously stated, the Project's retention basins would be sized and designed to accommodate all of the site's runoff. Accordingly, the Project would not create or contribute runoff which would exceed the capacity of any existing or planned storm water drainage system and impacts would be less than significant.

As discussed under Section 10(a), the proposed Project would be required to comply with a future SWPPP and the Project's WQMP, which identify required BMPs to be incorporated into the Project to ensure that near -term construction activities and long-term post -development activities of the proposed Project would not result in substantial amounts of polluted runoff. Therefore, with mandatory compliance with the Project's SWPPP and WQMP, the proposed Project would not create or contribute substantial additional sources of polluted runoff, and impacts would be less than significant. c.iv) No Impact.

According to FEMA FIRM No. 06065C1595G, the Project site is located within Zone X (unshaded), which is an area of minimal flood hazard and not within the 100-year nor 500- year flood plain. Accordingly, the Project site is not expected to be inundated by flood flows during the lifetime of the Project and the Project would not impede flood flows. No impact would occur.
d) No Impact.

The Project site is located within Zone X (unshaded), which is an area of minimal flood hazard and not within the 100-year nor 500-year flood plain. Furthermore, the Project site is not located within the vicinity of a water body. Due to the Project site location being a significant distance from the ocean and from any lakes or dams, there is no possibility of dam failure, tsunami or seiche. No impact would occur.
e) Less than Significant.

As described in Section 10(b), Project water demand has already been accounted for in the 2018 Integrated Regional WMP and sufficient water supplies exist to serve the Project.

The Project would adhere to all applicable water quality standards and will implement a Project specific WQMP approved by the City and the Regional Water Quality Control Board for both construction and operational activities. Therefore, the Project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan. Impacts would be less than significant.

10.3 Mitigation Measures: None required
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11 - Land Use and Planning
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023

LAND USE AND URBAN
PLANNING — Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporation
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Physically divide an established
community?
❑
❑
❑
b) Cause a significant
environmental impact due to a
conflict with any land use plan,
policy, or regulation adopted for
❑
❑
❑
the purpose of avoiding or
mitigating an environmental
effect?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; Rancho Mirage Municipal Code

11.1 Setting
The Project site is located in an urbanized area of the City of Rancho Mirage. Surrounding land uses include: Vista Del Sol to the west; vacant, undeveloped land to the north and south; and residential homes to the east. Under existing conditions, the entire Project site is within Residential Estate land use designation according to the City's General Plan and Zoning Ordinance.

11.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) No Impact.

Development of the Project would not physically disrupt or divide the arrangement of an established community. The Project site is located on two vacant parcels in an urbanized area of the City. The Project site is surrounded by a roadway (Vista Del Sol) to the west and vacant, undeveloped land to the north and south. The properties to the immediate east are developed with residential homes; therefore, the Project would serve as an extension of the existing development patterns in the area. No impact would occur. b) No Impact.

As previously mentioned, the Project is consistent with the City's General Plan land use designation. In addition, the City would review and approve the proposed architectural plans to ensure the proposed development meets the City's development standards for Residential Estate land use designation. Therefore, the Project would comply with all applicable policies contained in the General Plan as well as all applicable development regulations/development standards contained in the Zoning Ordinance. Accordingly, implementation of the Project would not conflict with the City's General Plan or Zoning Ordinance. Therefore, implementation of the Project would not cause significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigation an environmental effect. No impact would occur.

11.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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12 - Mineral Resources
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
MINERAL RESOURCES — Would the
project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less ThanLess
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporation
Than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Result in the loss of availability of a
known mineral resource that would be
of value to the region and the
❑
❑
❑
residents of the state?
b) Result in the loss of availability of a
locally important mineral resource
recovery site delineated on a local
❑
❑
❑
general plan, specific plan or other
land use plan?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; Update of Mineral Land Classification Map for Portland Cement Concrete Grade Aggregate in the Palm Springs Production -Consumption Region, Riverside County, California (Special Report 198), California Geological Survey, 2007.

12.1 Setting
In the Coachella Valley, mineral resources are largely limited to aggregates, such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone. These are major components of concrete, plaster, stucco, road base and fill, which are essential to the construction industry. Important regional deposits of these materials are being actively developed. Other mineral deposits in the region are generally limited to rocky outcroppings within the Little San Bernardino and Santa Rosa Mountains and have not been mined. There are currently no mines or extraction sites in Rancho Mirage.

12.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a-b) No Impact.

Per the California Geological Survey's Updated Mineral Land Classification Map, the Project site is located in Mineral Zone 1 (MRZ-1), which indicates that little likelihood exists for the presence of significant mineral resources. The Project site is designated as Residential Estate under the City's General Plan's Land Use and Zoning Map. which does not allow mineral production. No portion of the Project site is designated for mineral land uses. Furthermore, if a potential mineral extraction operation were to be located within the Project site, it would be incompatible both with the land use designation and surrounding land uses. Therefore, development of the Project would result in no impact relating to mineral resources.

12.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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13 - Noise
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Potentially
Less Than
Less Than
NOISE — Would the project result in:

Significant
Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
No Impact
Im act
p
Incorporation
Im act
p
a) Generation of a substantial
temporary or permanent increase in
ambient noise levels in the vicinity of
the project in excess of standards
El
E
El
El
established in the local general plan
or noise ordinance, or applicable
standards of other agencies?
b) Generation of excessive
groundborne vibration or
groundborne noise levels?
c) For a project located within the
vicinity of a private airstrip or an
airport land use plan or, where such a
plan has not been adopted, within two
miles of a public airport or public use
airport, would the project expose
people residing or working in the
project area to excessive noise
levels?
Sources: TTM 38222 Noise Impact Study, MD Acoustics, October 6, 2021 (Appendix D)

13.1 Setting
Noise
Noise has been defined as an unwanted sound. Sound becomes unwanted when it interferes with normal activities, when it causes actual physical harm or when it has adverse effects on health.

Noise is measured on a logarithmic scale of sound pressure level known as a decibel (dB). A - weighted decibels (dBA) approximate the subjective response of the human ear to broad frequency noise source by discriminating against very low and very high frequencies of the audible spectrum. They are adjusted to reflect only those frequencies which are audible to the human ear.

Vibration
According to the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Transit Noise Impact and Vibration Assessment Manual, vibration is the periodic oscillation of a medium or object. The rumbling sound caused by the vibration of room surfaces is called structure -borne noise. Sources of ground -borne vibrations include natural or human made causes. In addition, vibration sources may be continuous, such as factory machinery, or transient, such as explosions.

There are several different methods that are used to quantify vibration. The peak particle velocity (PPV) is defined as the maximum instantaneous peak of the vibration signal. The PPV is most City of Rancho Mirage 63
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April 2023
frequently used to describe vibration impacts to buildings. Human body responds to average vibration amplitude often described as the root mean square (RMS). The RMS amplitude is defined as the average of the squared amplitude of the signal and is most frequently used to describe the effect of vibration on the human body. Decibel notation (VdB) is commonly used to measure RMS. Decibel notation (VdB) serves to reduce the range of numbers used to describe human response to vibration. Typically, ground -borne vibration generated by man-made activities attenuates rapidly with distance from the source of the vibration. More detailed information regarding vibration can be found in the Noise Study (Appendix D) of this document.

13.2 Discussion of Imnacts:
a) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporation.

Construction Noise Analysis
Project construction noise would occur due to the use of equipment that includes a combination of trucks, power tools, concrete mixers, and portable generators that when combined can reach high levels. The number and mix of construction equipment is expected to occur in stages such as site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled data regarding the noise - generated characteristics of typical construction activities at a uniform reference distance of 50 feet. The data is presented in Table 6 of Appendix D. Noise levels will be loudest during grading phase. A likely worst -case construction noise scenario during grading assumes the use of a grader, a dozer, and two (2) excavators, two (2) backhoes and a scraper operating at 390 feet from the nearest sensitive receptor (northeast residence).

Assuming a usage factor of 40 percent for each piece of equipment, unmitigated noise levels at 390 feet have the potential to reach 67 dBA Leq and 71 dBA Lmax at the nearest sensitive receptors during grading. Noise levels for the other construction phases would be lower and range between 50 to 63 dBA. Because construction is anticipated to occur during the permissible hours (7 am to 7 pm) according to the City's Municipal Code (Section 15.04.030(A)(10)), Project construction noise would be considered a less -than - significant impact. Furthermore, additional noise reduction measures, which are listed below, would be provided to further reduce Project construction noise. • During construction, the contractor shall ensure all construction equipment is equipped with appropriate noise attenuating devices.
• The contractor should locate equipment staging areas that will create the greatest distance between construction -related noise/vibration sources and sensitive receptors nearest the Project site during all Project construction. • Idling equipment should be turned off when not in use. • Equipment shall be maintained so that vehicles and their loads are secured from rattling and banging.

Off -Site Traffic Noise Analysis
Traffic generated by the operation of the Project will influence traffic noise levels in surrounding off -site areas. A worst -case project generated traffic noise level was modeled utilizing the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Traffic Noise Prediction Model - FHWA-RD-77-108. Traffic noise levels were calculated 60 feet from the centerline of the analyzed roadway. The trip generation for the eight single-family residence project is 85.

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Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
The modeling is theoretical and does not take into account any existing barriers, structures, and/or topographical features that may further reduce noise levels. Therefore, the levels are shown for comparative purposes only to show the difference in with and without Project conditions. In addition, the noise contours for 60, 65 and 70 dBA CNEL were calculated. The potential off -site noise impacts caused by an increase of traffic from operation of the proposed Project on the nearby roadways were calculated for the Existing Year (without Project) and Existing Year (with Project) scenarios.

Table 5 of Appendix D compares the without and with Project scenario and shows the change in traffic noise levels as a result of the proposed Project. It takes a change of 3 dBA or more to hear a perceptible difference. As demonstrated in Table 5 of Appendix D, the Project is anticipated to increase traffic noise levels by 0.1 dBA, which would not exceed the 3 dBA threshold. Therefore, the Project would have a less -than -significant impact to off -site traffic noise.

On -Site Traffic Noise Analysis
Traffic noise from the local roadway network was evaluated and compared to the City's Noise Compatibility Matrix. Per the City's Noise Compatibility Matrix, single-family residential is conditionally acceptable up to 70 dBA CNEL. As shown in Table 5 of Appendix D, Existing with Project traffic 70 dBA CNEL noise projections from Vista del Sol would reach up to 38 feet from the centerline of the roadway. Residential structures are located approximately 60 feet away from Vista del Sol centerline and fall within the 70 to 65 dBA CNEL contour of the roadway and are located within the conditionally acceptable region for single-family residential (per land use compatibility matrix). With the incorporation of a 6-foot tall wall as described in Mitigation Measure N-2, the exterior level would be 62.3 dBA CNEL on the residence fagade. The wall must be placed on top of slope or pad grade (whichever is higher) and can be following the property line. In addition, the proposed homes would be built with windows with a Sound Transmission Classification (STC) 28, which would reduce interior noise levels down to 45 dBA CNEL.

With implementation of Mitigation Measures N-1 and N-2, on -site traffic noise levels would be reduced to less -than -significant levels.
b) Less than Significant.

Construction Analysis
The Project does not propose or require uses or activities that would be considered substantive sources of on -going vibration. Construction activities can produce vibration that may be felt by adjacent land uses.

Groundborne vibration levels resulting from construction activities occurring within the Project site were estimated by data published by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA).

The construction of the proposed Project would not require the use of equipment such as pile drivers, which are known to generate substantial construction vibration levels. Typical Project construction equipment would generate vibration levels of 0.003 peak particle velocity (PPV) (small bulldozer) to 0.089 PPV (larger bulldozer) as measured at 25 feet.

As with received noise levels, received vibration levels attenuate with distance. In general, man-made ground -borne vibrations attenuate rapidly with distance from the source.

At a distance of 390 feet, a large bulldozer would yield a worst -case 0.004 PPV (in/sec), which is below the threshold of perception and any risk of damage. Based on the preceding discussions, there is little (if any) potential for the Project to result in or cause City of Rancho Mirage 65
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Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
exposure of persons to, or generation of, excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise. This potential impact is therefore considered less than significant.

Operational Analysis
Under long-term conditions, the Project would not include nor require equipment facilities or activities that would result in substantial or perceptible ground -borne vibration.

Passenger cars would travel to -and -from the Project site during long-term operation; however, vibration levels for passenger cars would not exceed FTA's vibration threshold.

Therefore, operational use of the Project would have less -than -significant impacts related to ground -borne vibration or ground -borne noise levels. c) No Impact.

The Project site is not located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan. The Bermuda Dunes Airport is located approximately 6.6 miles southeast of the Project site and is not located within the Bermuda Dunes Airport land use compatibility zone or noise contour. The Palm Springs Airport is located approximately 6.7 miles northeast of the Project site and is not located within the Palm Springs land use compatibility zone or noise contour. Therefore, the Project would not expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels associated with airports.

13.3 Mitigation Measures:

N-1 Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the residential building shell (i.e., windows) would be designed with an STC 28, which shall achieve a minimum of 17 dBA noise reduction to meet the City's 45 dBA CNEL interior residential requirement.

N-2 Prior to issuance of a grading permit, a 6-foot tall block wall located at the property line is required to reduce the noise CNEL level at the residences facing Vista Del Sol.

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14 - Population and Housing
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
POPULATION AND HOUSING —
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less ThanLess
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporation
Than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Induce substantial unplanned
population growth in an area, either
directly (for example, by proposing
new homes and businesses) or
❑
❑
®
❑
indirectly (for example, through
extension of roads or other
infrastructure)?
b) Displace substantial numbers of
existing people or housing,
necessitating the construction of
❑
❑
❑
replacement housing elsewhere?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; E-5 City/County Population and Housing Estimates, California Department of Finance, January 1, 2020; 2020 RTP/SCS, Demographics and Growth Forecast Technical Report, Southern California Association of Governments, adopted September 3, 2020.

14.1 Setting
The Rancho Mirage population increased 30% between 2000 and 2010, from 13,249 to 17,218.

The latest (2020) population estimate is 19,114. SCAG projects the City's population will grow to 25,200 by 2045. In 2022, there is an estimated 16,804 housing units in Rancho Mirage. Local housing products include a mix of single- and multi -family units, and a smaller number of mobile homes.

14.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant.

The Project proposes the future development of up to eight single-family residences on

10.1 acres of undeveloped land. This only leads to a negligible increase in population and is consistent with current population growth projections. The Project would require a new driveway and a new interior street, which would only serve the Project site and would not indirectly induce population growth in the area. Because the anticipated increase in population based on the proposed residences would be negligible (and within current population growth projections), the induced population growth is also expected to be negligible. Impacts would be less than significant.
b) No Impact.

The future development of the eight single-family residences would take place on two vacant parcels. No existing structures or housing would be eliminated as a result of the Project and is not expected to displace any current residents. Instead, the Project would accommodate housing that is needed by the growing population. Therefore, there would be no impacts, relating to the displacement of people or housing.

14.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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15 - Public Services
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Less Than
PUBLIC SERVICES — Would the
Potentially
Significant
Less Than
project:

Significant
with
Significant
No Impact
Impact
Mitigation
Impact
Incorporation
a) Would the project result in
substantial adverse physical impacts
associated with the provision of new
or physically altered governmental
facilities, need for new or physically
altered governmental facilities, the
construction of which could cause
significant environmental impacts, in
order to maintain acceptable service
ratios, response times or other
performance objectives for any of the
public services:
i) Fire protection?
El
El
El
ii) Police protection?
El
El
El
iii) Schools?
El
El
El
iv) Parks?
El
El
E
El
v) Other public facilities?
El
El
E
El
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan, 2017, Residential and Commercial/Industrial Development School Fee Justification Study for the Palm Springs Unified School District, 2022.

15.1 Setting
Fire Protection Services
The Riverside County Fire Department (RCFD) provide fire protection in Rancho Mirage under contract to the California Department of Forestry. A typical response to a fire will place eight personnel, including a battalion chief, on the scene within five minutes. This includes fire fighters and certified paramedics. The Fire Department has 27 sworn, 2 full time non -sworn and 1 part time non -sworn personnel, serving 24.7 square miles and —18,799 persons.

Police Protection Services
Police protection in Rancho Mirage is provided on a service contract basis by the Riverside County Sheriff's Department (RCSD) that operates out of the Palm Desert Station. Their staff consists of 29 full time officers (24 sworn and 5 non -sworn). The officers have a daily staffing of 7 officers that work in two, 12-hour shifts. Four deputy patrol officers work the day shift, and 3 deputy patrol officers work the night shift. The City currently provides 1.77 officers per 1,000 residents.

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April 2023
Schools
Rancho Mirage is served by two public school districts: Palm Springs Unified School District, which serves the majority of Rancho Mirage, and the Desert Sands Unified School District, which serves the portion of Rancho Mirage that lies south of Frank Sinatra Drive and east of Bob Hope Drive, that of which includes the Project site.

Parks
In 1989, the City prepared a Parks Master Plan that included an assessment of local park needs.

Rancho Mirage currently contains six parks, including a mix of mini and local parks.

15.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a.i) Less than Significant Impact.

Riverside County Fire Department (RCFD) provides fire protection services to the Project site and surrounding area under contract to the California Department of Forestry. The nearest RCFD Fire Station (No. 71) is located at 73995 Country Club Drive, approximately

1.3 miles southeast from the Project site. Based on the Project site's proximity to the existing fire station, the Project would be adequately served by fire protection services, and no new or expanded unplanned facilities would be required. Additionally, the Project would feature fire safety and fire suppression activities, including type of building construction, fire sprinklers, a fire hydrant system, and paved access. RCFD will review and approve Project plans to ensure all applicable fire standards and regulations are met.

Therefore, impacts associated with fire protection services would be less than significant, and no mitigation is required.
a.ii) Less than Significant Impact.

Riverside County Sheriff's Department (RCSD) provides police protection services to Rancho Mirage, including the Project site and surrounding area from the Palm Desert Station. The Palm Desert Station is located at 73-705 Gerald Ford Drive, which is located approximately 1.7 miles northeast from the Project site. Based on the Project site's proximity to the existing police station, the Project would be adequately served by police protection services, and no new or expanded unplanned facilities would be required.

RCSD will review and approve Project plans to ensure all applicable police standards and regulations are met. Therefore, impacts associated with police protection services would be less than significant.
a.iii) Less than Significant Impact.

The addition of the future eight single-family residences would not significantly increase the number of students within nearby schools. However, the project would be required to pay School Impact Fees to the Palm Springs Unified School District (PSUSD). Current impact fees at the time of writing are $5.15 per residential foot for detached single family homes according to the March 31, 2022 Residential and Commercial/Industrial Development School Fee Justification Study for the PSUSD. Payment of these fees would offset impacts from the increased demand on school services, ensuring that impacts will be less than significant.
a.iv) Less than Significant Impact.

The City of Rancho Mirage requires new developments to dedicate land for recreational purposes or pay in -lieu fees. The Project would result in a negligible population increase and a negligible demand for park facilities. Therefore, this fee will assure that the impacts to City parks would be less than significant.

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April 2023
am) Less than Significant Impact.

The Project would result in less -than -significant impacts to other public facilities. It is not expected that the Project would result in an increase in population that would require the provision of additional public facilities within the City of Rancho Mirage. Access to the Project site is provided by an existing road (Vista Del Sol) and would connect to existing utility infrastructure. New public roads or public transportation facilities, or other public facilities, are not required. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

15.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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16 - Recreation
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
RECREATION — Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Would the project increase the use
of existing neighborhood and regional
parks or other recreational facilities
such that substantial physical
❑
❑
®
❑
deterioration of the facility would occur
or be accelerated?
b) Does the project include
recreational facilities or require the
construction or expansion of
❑
❑
®
❑
recreational facilities, which might
have an adverse physical effect on the
environment?
Source: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017

16.1 Setting
The City offers a wide variety of recreational opportunities, including golf courses, bikeways, and parkland. In addition, the City is near thousands of acres of National Park and National Monument lands, U.S. Forest Service wilderness lands, and state, regional and tribal parks that contain miles of hiking, biking, and equestrian trails.

16.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a-b) Less than Significant.

The Project would result in a negligible population increase and a negligible demand for park facilities. There is a low potential for the Project to increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur, as well as a low potential for construction or expansion of recreational facilities which may have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Therefore, the Project would have a less -than -significant impact on recreational facilities within the City.

16.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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17 - Transportation
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
TRANSPORTATION — Would the
Potentially
Less Than
Significant
Less Than
No
project:

Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
Impact
Impact
p
Incorporation
Im act
p
a) Conflict with a program, plan,
ordinance or policy addressing the
circulation system, including transit,
❑
❑
®
❑
roadway, bicycle and pedestrian
facilities?
b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA
Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
❑
❑
®
❑
c) Substantially increase hazards due to
a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp
curves or dangerous intersections) or
❑
❑
®
❑
incompatible uses (e.g., farm
equipment)?
d) Result in inadequate emergency
❑
❑
®
❑
access?
Source: Riverside County Transportation Analysis Guidelines

17.1 Setting
The Project Applicant proposes the development of eight single-family residences in Rancho Mirage. The Project is exempt from preparing either a Traffic Impact Analysis or Vehicle Miles Traveled Screening Analysis because the Project would generate less than 100 peak hour trips and proposes less than 110 single-family housing units per the County of Riverside's Transportation Analysis Guidelines as well as the City of Rancho Mirage's VMT Transportation Analysis Policy adopted on February 18, 2021.

17.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant Impact.

Trip generation represents the amount of traffic which is both attracted to and produced by a development. The Project's Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Report (Appendix A) utilized the trip generation rates for single-family residential dwelling units provided in the Institute of Engineers Trip Generation Manual 10th Edition (September 2017). As shown in the modeling conducted for Appendix A, through use of the ITE trip generation rates, the Project is anticipated to generate approximately 82 average daily vehicle trips.

Pursuant to the County's Transportation Analysis Guidelines, projects that generate 100 or less daily trips are not required to prepare a Traffic Impact Analysis that includes Level of Service (LOS) analysis and would therefore not result in substantial adverse effects on the circulation system. Because the Project would generate less than 100 daily trips, the Project would not conflict with County policy addressing the circulation system and impacts would be less than significant.

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b) Less than Significant Impact.

CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3 sets forth guidelines for implementing Senate Bill 743 (SB 743) for reduction of GHG emissions and development of multimodal transportation networks. SB 743 requires amendments to the CEQA Guidelines to provide for an alternative criterion to the LOS methodology for evaluating transportation impacts.

Generally, "vehicle miles travelled" or VMT is considered as the most appropriate measurement of transportation impacts. VMT refers to the amount and distance of automobile travel attributable to a project.

The Project's traffic was evaluated against screening criteria to determine if it could clearly be determined that the Project would not generate substantial VMT and therefore be consistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b), or if additional analysis was needed to determine the significance of Project -related VMT. The screening criteria used in the Project analysis are established in the County's Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines.

Pursuant to the Transportation Analysis Guidelines, single family housing projects less than or equal to 110 dwelling units with a greenhouse gas emissions generation of less than 3,000 MTCO2e are considered to have a less -than -significant impact related to VMT.

As noted in Section 8(a), the Project is calculated to generate approximately 150.37 MTCO2e per year, which is well below 3,000 MTCO2e. Because the Project would develop eight dwelling units and generates less than 3,000 MTCO2e, the Project would result in a less -than -significant impact related to VMT. Accordingly, the Project would not conflict with or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b). c) Less than Significant.

The types of traffic generated from the Project (i.e., passenger cars) would be compatible with the type of traffic observed along roadways within the Project vicinity under existing conditions. In addition, prior to development of the Project site, the City will review and approve the proposed architectural plans to ensure all proposed improvements within the public right-of-way would be installed in conformance with City design standards and that no hazardous transportation design features would be introduced through implementation of the Project. In addition, all proposed Project circulation improvements would be designed and constructed to City standards. Accordingly, the Project would not create or substantially increase safety hazards due to a design feature or incompatible use. Impacts would be less than significant.
d) Less than Significant.

Fire apparatus access for the eight -lot development would include a private road that meets the Fire Code requirements for width, grade, clearance, dead-end length, and turnarounds. Accordingly, the Project would not create or substantially increase safety hazards due to inadequate emergency access. Impacts would be less than significant.

17.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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18 - Tribal Cultural Resources
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES —
Would the project cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of a
tribal cultural resource, defined in
Less Than
Public Resources Code § 21074 as
Potentially
Significant
Less Than
No
either a site, feature, place, cultural
Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
Impact
landscape that is geographically
Impact
Incorporation
Impact
defined in terms of the size and scope
of the landscape, sacred place, or
object with cultural value to a California
Native American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical
Resources, or in a local register of
El
El
El
historical resources as defined in Public
Resources Code section5020.1(k), or
ii) A resource determined by the lead
agency, in its discretion and supported
by substantial evidence, to be
significant pursuant to criteria set forth
in subdivision (c) of Public Resources
Code § 5024.1. In applying the criteria
set forth in subdivision (c) of Public
Resource Code § 5024.1, the lead
agency shall consider the significance
of the resource to a California Native
American tribe.

Source: Cultural Resource Investigation in Support of the Vista Del Sol Project, PaleoWest, December 28, 2021. (Appendix C)

18.1 Setting
PaleoWest contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on September 9, 2021, for a review of the sacred lands file (SLF). The NAHC responded on October 12, 2021, stating that the SLF was completed with negative results. The NAHC suggested that 18 individuals representing 12 Native American tribal groups be contacted to elicit information regarding cultural resource issues related to the proposed Project. PaleoWest sent outreach letters to the 12 recommended tribal groups on December 7, 2021, which were followed up by phone calls on December 22, 2021. To date four responses have been received.

A 30-day Tribal consultation was initiated on August 2, 2022 (see Appendix E) to a total of 11 tribes: the Twenty -Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians, Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians, Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Band of Mission Indians, Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Ramona Band of Cahuilla Mission, Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians, Santa Rosa Band of Mission Indians, and the Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians. To date, the City has only received one response from Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians on January 26th, 2023.

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Human history within the Coachella Valley, including areas of present-day Rancho Mirage, dates back to the earliest civilization of the Cahuilla people, whose culture is present today. It was approximately 2000 years ago when the Cahuilla Indians first occupied the land that is now the Rancho Mirage area. Today Native Americans of Pass or Desert Cahuilla heritage are most affiliated with one or more of the Indian reservations in and near the Coachella Valley, including Agua Caliente, Morongo, Cabazon, Torres Martinez, and Augustine.

18.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

As previously discussed in Section 5 (a), the City currently does not have any sites listed within the City's incorporated boundaries on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the site is not listed in the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR).

Mitigation Measure CUL-1 described in Section 5, Cultural Resources, will be applied to Section 18, Tribal Cultural Resources, to ensure the protection of historical resources.

Therefore, with implementation of Mitigation Measure CUL-1, impacts would be less than significant.
b) Less than Significant Impact.

PaleoWest contacted the NAHC, as part of the cultural resource assessment, on September 9, 2021, for a review of SLF. The NAHC responded on October 21, 2021 stating that the SLF identified no Native American cultural resources in the Project vicinity. In addition, the NAHC suggested contacting that 18 individuals representing 12 additional Native American tribal groups be contacted to elicit information regarding cultural resource issues related to the proposed Project. PaleoWest sent outreach letters to the 12 recommended tribal groups on December 7, 2021, which were followed up by phone calls on December 22, 2021. To date, four responses have been received from the following tribes: Quechan Historic Preservation Department, Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians, Cahuilla Band of Indians, and Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians. The Quechan Historic Preservation Department sent an email indicating the Tribe does not wish to comment on the Project, stating they defer to more local tribes. The Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians stated that the Tribe is unaware of any specific cultural resources within the Project site; however, if any should be encountered during the development of the Project, the Tribe requests to be contacted immediately for further evaluation. The Cahuilla Band of Indians requested a copy of all the cultural materials associated with the Project for tribal review.

Lastly, the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians indicated that the Tribe will defer to the Torres - Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians, Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, and Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. Per AB 52 requirements, the City has reached out to a total of 11 tribes ; however, only one comment has been received from the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians on January 26th, 2023 (see Appendix E). Their recommended measures have been included in MM in this section and in the Cultural Section of this document. All revisions to the Draft IS/MND have been made in response to the comments received during public review in s+eke-oat/underline.

18.3 Mitigation Measures:

TCR-1 If buried cultural materials are discovered during the earth -moving operations, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds and, if necessary, develop a treatment pan in consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage and the appropriate City of Rancho Mirage 75
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Native American tribes. The presence of an archaeologist shall meet the Secretary of the Interior's standards during any ground disturbing activities.

TCR-2 During any ground disturbing activities (including any archaeological testing and surveys) the presence of an approved Aqua Caliente Native American Cultural Resource Monitor(s) shall be required. Should buried cultural deposits be encountered, the Monitor shall request that destructive construction halt and the Monitor shall notify a Qualified Archaeologist (Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines) to investigate and, if necessary, prepare a mitigation plan for submission to the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Aqua Caliente Tribal Historic Preservation Office.

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19 - Utilities and Service Systems
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Potentially
Less ThanLess
Than

UTILITIES AND SERVICE
Significant
Significant
Significant
No Impact
SYSTEMS — Would the project:

Impact
p
with Mitigation
Impact
p
Incorporation
a) Require or result in the relocation
or construction of new or expanded
water, wastewater treatment or storm
drainage, electric power, natural gas,
or telecommunications facilities, the
El
❑
®
❑
construction or relocation of which
could cause significant environmental
effects?
b) Have sufficient water supplies
available to serve the project and
reasonably foreseeable future
development during normal, dry and
multiple dry years?
c) Result in a determination by the
wastewater treatment provider which
serves or may serve the project that it
has adequate capacity to serve the
projects projected demand in addition
to the providers existing
commitments?
d) Generate solid waste in excess of
state or local standards, or in excess
of the capacity of local infrastructure,
or otherwise impair the attainment of
solid waste reduction goals?
e) Comply with federal, state, and
local management and reduction
statues and regulations related to
El
solid waste?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; 2020 Coachella Valley Regional Urban Water Management Plan, June 30, 2021; California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) Estimated Solid Waste Generation Rate, 2006; Cal Recycle Solid Waste Information System, 2019.

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19.1 Setting
Domestic Water
Domestic water for the majority of the City is provided by the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD). Groundwater is the principal source of municipal water supply in the Coachella Valley.

The main groundwater source for the entire valley is the Coachella Valley Groundwater Basin, Indio Subbasin, and the Whitewater River Subbasin. The Whitewater River Subbasin underlies a major portion of the valley floor and encompasses approximately 400 square miles.

Waste Water
Most CVWD domestic water customers also receive sewer services from CVWD. Nearly 6.3 billion gallons of wastewater are treated annually. CVWD operates six water reclamation plants and maintains more than 1,000 miles of sewer pipelines and more than 30 lift stations that collect and transport wastewater to the nearest water reclamation facility.

Solid Waste
The City currently contracts with Burrtec to provide solid waste collection and disposal management services. Municipal solid waste generated in the City is taken to the Edom Hill Transfer Station, which has a maximum permitted throughput of 3,500 tons per day and a permitted capacity of 3,500 tons per day for general waste.

19.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a-e) Less than Significant.

Domestic Water
CVWD is responsible for supplying potable water to the Project site. As discussed in the 2020 CVWD Urban Water Management Plan, herein incorporated by reference as "UWMP," adequate water supplies are projected to be available to meet CVWD's estimated water demand through 2040 under normal, historic, single -dry, and historic multiple -dry year conditions. CVWD forecasts for projected water demand are based on the population projections of Southern California of Associated Governments (SCAG), which rely on the adopted land use designations contained within the general plans that cover the geographic area within CVWD's service. The water use projections utilized in the 2020 CVWD UWMP were based on the site's existing "Hillside Reserve" land use designation on the City of Rancho Mirage Land Use Map. Because the Project would be consistent with the existing land use designation, CVWD would have sufficient water supplies available to serve the Project from existing entitlements/resources and no expanded entitlements are needed.

Additionally, the Project would be required to implement all water conservation measures imposed by the CVWD under normal as well as drought conditions over the life of the project. These include requirements of Executive Order B-29-15, mandating reductions in water use by 36% in the Coachella Valley. The Project would tie into the existing domestic water line beneath Vista Del Sol. No new wells or additional water infrastructure or entitlements will be required. Therefore, the Project would have a less -than -significant impact.

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April 2023
Wastewater
Wastewater generated from the Project site would be treated through the CVWD. The Project would generate a minimal increase in wastewater, which has already been accounted for in the City's General Plan. Therefore, the Project would not result in a significant impact.

The Project would tie into the existing sanitary sewer line located beneath Vista Del Sol, and wastewater would be transported to Coachella's WWTP. The WWTP implements all applicable requirement of the Colorado River Basin Regional Water Quality Control Board, and no violations of wastewater treatment requirements are anticipated. Therefore, the Project would have a less -than -significant impact.

Stormwater
The City requires on -site detention and/or retention basins for all new developments to manage surface water flows and reduce runoff from sources such as stormwater and landscape irrigation. The Project complies with this requirement by including on -site retention basins to ensure stormwater is retained on -site. Additional measures to address onsite stormwater management are described in Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality. Project -related impacts to stormwater management systems are expected to be less -than -significant.

Solid Waste
Implementation of the proposed Project would generate an incremental increase in solid waste volumes requiring off -site disposal during short-term construction and long-term operational activities. The Project would be required to comply with AB 939, which requires a minimum of 50 percent of all construction waste and debris to be recycled. Additionally, the Project would be required to comply with mandatory waste reduction requirements as described below. Solid waste generated by the Project would be disposed at the Edom Hill Transfer Station, which currently receives an average of 3,500 tons of waste per day and has a capacity of 17,777 tons of waste per day.

Construction Impact Analysis
Solid waste requiring disposal would be generated by the construction process, primarily consisting of discarded materials and packaging. Based on the size of the Project (40,917 s.f. lot area) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) construction waste generation factor of 4.39 pounds per square foot for residential uses, approximately 89.8 tons of waste is expected to be generated during the project's construction phase. CalGreen requires that a minimum of 65% of all construction waste be diverted from landfills (by recycling, reusing, and other waste reduction strategies); therefore, the project is estimated to generate a total of approximately 31.4 tons of solid waste requiring landfill disposal during project construction.

Non -recyclable construction waste generated by the Project would be disposed at the Edom Hill Transfer Station. As described above, these landfills receive well below their maximum permitted daily disposal volume; thus, the relatively minimal construction waste generated by the Project is not anticipated to cause the landfill to exceed its maximum permitted daily disposal volume. Furthermore, the Edom Hill Transfer Station is not expected to reach its total maximum permitted disposal capacities during the Project's construction period. The Edom Hill Transfer Station has sufficient daily capacity to accept City of Rancho Mirage 79
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April 2023
solid waste generated by the Project's construction phase; therefore, impacts to landfill capacity associated with the Project's near -term construction activities would be less than significant.

Operational Impact Analysis
Based on a daily waste generation factor of 12.23 pounds of waste per household per day obtained from CalRecycle, long-term, on -going operation of the Project would generate approximately 0.1 ton of solid waste per day. Pursuant to AB 939, at least 50 percent of the Project's solid waste is required to be diverted from landfills; therefore, the project would generate a maximum of 0.05 tons of solid waste per day requiring landfilling.

Non -recyclable solid waste generated during long-term operation of the project would be disposed at the Edom Hill Transfer Station. As described above, these landfills receive well below their maximum permitted daily disposal volume; thus, waste generated by the Project's operation is not anticipated to cause the landfill to exceed its maximum permitted daily disposal volume. Because the Project would generate a negligible amount of solid waste per day as compared to the permitted daily capacities at receiving landfills, impacts to regional landfill facilities during the Project's long-term operational activities would be less than significant.

19.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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20 - Wildfire
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Potentially
Less Than
Less Than
WILDFIRE — Would the project:

Significant
Significant
with Mitigation
Significant
No Impact
Impact
p
Incorporation
Impact
p
If located in or near state
responsibility areas or lands classified
as very high fire hazard severity
zones, would the project:
a) Substantially impair an adopted
emergency response plan or
❑
❑
®
❑
emergency evacuation plan?
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and
other factors, exacerbate wildfire
risks, and thereby expose project
occupants to, pollutant concentrations
❑
❑
❑
❑
from a wildfire or the uncontrolled
spread of a wildfire?
c) Require the installation or
maintenance of associated
infrastructure (such as roads, fuel
breaks, emergency water sources,
❑
❑
®
❑
power lines or other utilities) that may
exacerbate fire risk or that may result
in temporary or ongoing impacts to
the environment?
d) Expose people or structures to
significant risks, including downslope
or downstream flooding or landslides,
❑
❑
®
❑
as a result of runoff, post -fire slope
instability, or drainage changes?
Sources: Rancho Mirage General Plan 2017; Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Local Responsibility Areas, CalFire, 2009; Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas, CalFire, 2007.

20.1 Setting
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFire) ranks fire hazards of wildland areas in the state using four main criteria: fuels, weather, assets at risk, and level of service.

Although Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones are mapped in the Santa Rosa Mountains near Rancho Mirage, the wildland fire hazard in the City and Coachella Valley is relatively low.

20.2 Discussion of Impacts:
a-d) Less than Significant Impact.

The Project site is not located within a fire zone classified as either a State Responsibility Area (SRA) or a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. The nearest Very High Fire Hazard City of Rancho Mirage 81
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April 2023
Severity Zones are in the Santa Rosa Mountains approximately two miles southwest of the Project site. However, they are of limited size, and the historical record indicates that the wildland fire hazard in Rancho Mirage is relatively low because most of the rugged terrain is so steep, rocky, and dry that few plants (fire fuel sources) thrive in the area.

The Project has a very limited potential to exacerbate wildfire risks by placing new residential buildings in proximity to the mountain slopes. However, all proposed buildings and improvements would be on the low-lying valley floor. Most existing vegetation would be cleared during construction and replaced by structures and paved surfaces. New landscape vegetation would be carefully maintained and watered regularly, limiting the possibility for vegetation fires to ignite and spread. Potentially hazardous and/or combustible materials onsite will be handled, used, and stored in compliance with applicable regulations and guidelines to reduce potential fire hazards (see Section 9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials). The Project would not result in installation or maintenance of infrastructure that may exacerbate fire risks, such as roads, emergency water sources, or utilities. Utility extensions would be limited to parcel -level improvements.

The Project is not expected to increase exposure of people or structures to significant fire or fire -related risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, resulting from runoff, post -fire slope instability, or drainage changes. The City maintains a Multi - Hazard Functional Plan that addresses the planned response to extraordinary emergency situations, including natural and human -caused disasters. The Project would not impair the adopted emergency response plan. In conclusion, impacts would be less than significant.

20.3 Mitigation Measures: None required.

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21 - Mandatory Findings of Significance
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
Less Than

MANDATORY FINDINGS OF
Potentially
Significant
Less Than

SIGNIFICANCE
Significant
with
Significant
No Impact
Impact
Mitigation
Impact
Incorporation
a) Does the project have the potential
to degrade the quality of the
environment, substantially reduce the
habitat of a fish or wildlife species,
cause a fish or wildlife population to
drop below self-sustaining levels,
threaten to eliminate a plant or animal
❑
®
❑
❑
community, reduce the number or
restrict the range of a rare or
endangered plant or animal or
eliminate important examples of the
major periods of California history or
prehistory?
b) Does the project have impacts that
are individually limited, but
cumulatively considerable?
("Cumulatively considerable" means
that the incremental effects of a
project are considerable when viewed
❑
®
❑
❑
in connection with the effects of past
projects, the effects of other current
projects, and the effects of probable
future projects)?
c) Does the project have
environmental effects, which will
cause substantial adverse effects on
❑
®
❑
❑
human beings, either directly or
indirectly?

20.1 Discussion of Impacts:
a) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

All impacts to the environment, including impacts to habitat for fish and wildlife species, fish and wildlife populations, plant and animal communities, rare and endangered plants and animals, and historical and pre -historical resources were evaluated as part of this IS/MND. Throughout this IS/MND, where impacts were determined to be potentially significant, mitigation measures have been imposed to reduce those impacts to less than significant. Accordingly, with incorporation of the mitigation measures imposed throughout this IS/MND, the Project would not substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife City of Rancho Mirage 83
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April 2023
population to drop below self- sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal, or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory. Impacts would be reduced to less than significant levels with mitigation incorporated.
b) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

The environmental evaluation of this IS/MND concluded that, with adherence to all mitigation measures the Project's cumulatively considerable impacts would be mitigated to less -than -significant levels.
c) Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated.

The Project's potential to result in environmental effects that could adversely affect human beings, either directly or indirectly, has been discussed throughout this IS/MND. All Project environmental impacts would be less than significant or less than significant with mitigation incorporated. The Project would therefore not result in environmental effects which would cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly.

21.3 Mitigation Measures:

Table 9: Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
Mitigation Measure
Responsible
Agency
Timing
Verificati
on
(Date
and
Initials)

AESTHETICS
N/A

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
N/A

AIR QUALITY
N/A

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Bio-1 n LJRay ridable DreieGtGGRStFUGti
Project
Proponent/
Biologist
Prior to
Construction
(no more than
14 days prior to
ground
disturbance
and vegetation
I
:
i�„#�? must begiR�np the R86tiRg hiF
,aG+i„�„
season (Peter "•yV1 thFough August 311'%—a
bird survey shall he
Fre^e�UGtie«stin9
GE)RdUGtedR,G Fnepe—than 14 days tG
priep
i Ritiati^n of
IRd disc mbaRGe andyegetatie4
gFO
removalaGtiyities,. The nesting ere_^Ge„Struetien
bird survey shall be GendWGted by a biologist
I
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removal
activities).

Nesting bird surveys shall be performed by a
qualified avian biologist no more than (3) days
prior to vegetation removal or ground -disturbing
activities. Pre -construction surveys shall focus
on both direct and indirect evidence of nesting,
including nest locations and nesting behavior.

The qualified avian biologist shall make every
effort to avoid potential nest predation as a result
of survey and monitoring efforts. If active nests
are found during the preconstruction nesting bird
surveys, a qualified biologist shall establish an
appropriate nest buffer to be marked on the
ground. Nest buffers are species specific and
shall be at least 300 feet for passerines and 500
feet for raptors. A smaller or larger buffer shall
be determined by the qualified biologist familiar
with the nesting phenology of the nesting
species and based on nest and buffer
monitoring results. Established buffers shall
remain on -site until a qualified biologist
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determines the young have fledged or the nest
is no longer active. Active nests and adequacy
of the established buffer distance shall be
monitored daily by the qualified biologist until the
qualified biologist has determined the young
have fledged or the Project has been completed.

The qualified biologist shall have the authority to
stop work if nesting pairs exhibit signs of
disturbance.

Bio-2: Prior to construction and issuance of any
grading permit, the City of Rancho Mirage shall
City of
Prior to
Rancho
Mirage
construction
and issuance
ensure compliance with the Coachella Valley
Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan
of any grading
(CVMSHCP) and its associated Implementing
permit.

Agreement and shall ensure the collection of
Payment of the CVMSHCP Local Development
Mitigation Fee. The AppliGanrnt shall pay the
GVnn�vrHGP LOGal DevelopmentMitigationFee
prior to building permit issuance
Bio-3: No less than 30 days prior to the start of
City of
Habitat
Assessment
and focused
Project -related activities, a burrowing owl habitat
Rancho
Mirage
assessment shall be conducted by a qualified
biologist according to the specifications of the
surveys: No
Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation
less than 30
(Department of Fish and Game, March 2012 or
days prior to
most recent version).

If the habitat assessment demonstrates suitable
start of Project
relatedactivities.

Pre -
construction
surveys: No
burrowing owl habitat, then focused burrowing
owl surveys shall be conducted by a qualified
biologist according to the Staff Report on
Burrowing Owl Mitigation. If burrowing owls are
detected during the focused surveys, the
less than 14
qualified biologist and Project Applicant shall
days prior to
prepare a Burrowing Owl Plan that shall be
start of Protect
submitted to CDFW for review and approval
related
activities and
prior to commencing Project activities. The
Burrowing Owl Plan shall describe proposed
within 24 hours
avoidance, minimization, and monitoring
prior to ground
actions. The Burrowing Owl Plan shall include
disturbance.
the number and location of occupied burrow
sites, acres of burrowing owl habitat that will be
impacted, details of site monitoring, and details
on proposed buffers and other avoidance
measures if avoidance is proposed. If impacts to
occupied burrowing owl habitat or burrow cannot
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be avoided, the Burrowing Owl Plan shall also
describe relocation actions that will be
implemented. Proposed implementation of
burrow exclusion and closure should only be
considered as a last resort, after all other options
have been evaluated as exclusion is not in itself
an avoidance, minimization, or mitigation
method and has the possibility to result in take.

If impacts to occupied burrows cannot be
avoided, information shall be provided regarding
adjacent or nearby suitable habitat available to
owls along with proposed relocation actions.

The Permittee shall implement the Burrowing
Owl Plan following CDFW review and approval.

Pre -construction burrowing owl surveys shall be
conducted no less than 14 days prior to the start
of Project -related activities and within 24 hours
prior to ground disturbance, in accordance with
the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation
(CDFG 2012 or most recent version). Pre -
construction surveys shall be performed by a
qualified biologist following the
recommendations and guidelines provided in
the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. If
the pre -construction surveys confirm occupied
burrowing owl habitat, Project activities shall be
immediately halted. The qualified biologist shall
coordinate with CDFW and USFWS to conduct
an impact assessment to develop avoidance
and minimization measures to be approved by
CDFW prior to commencing Project activities.

Bio-4: A thorough floristic -based assessment of
special -status plants and natural communities,
following CDFW's Protocols for Surveying and
Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant
Populations and Natural Communities (CDFW
2018 or most recent version) shall be performed
by a qualified biologist prior to commencing Protect
activities. Should any state -listed plant species be
present in the Project area, the Project proponent
shall obtain an Incidental Take Permit for those
species not covered under the CVMSHCP prior to
Bio-5: No more than 14 days prior to the
beginning of ground disturbance and/or Project
activities, a qualified biologist shall conduct pre -
City of Prior to
Rancho commenci
Mirage ng Project
activities.

City of Pre -
Rancho constructi
Mirage on
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construction surveys to determine if potential
surveys:

No more
desert kit fox burrows/dens are present in the
Project area. Pre -construction surveys should
than 14
include 100-percent visual coverage of the Project
days prior
area and cannot be combined with other surveys
to start of
conducted for other species while using the same
Project
related
activities.
personnel. If the pre -construction surveys confirm
occupied desert kit fox habitat, Project activities
shall be immediately halted, and the qualified
biologist shall notify CDFW and USFWS to
develop avoidance, minimization, and mitigation
measures. No disturbance of active dens shall
take place when juvenile desert kit fox may be
present and dependent on parental care.

Bio-6: No more than 30 days prior to the
beginning of ground disturbance and/or
City of
Pre -
constructi
Rancho
Mirage
construction activities, a qualified biologist shall
on
surveys:

No more
conduct a survey to determine if potential
American badger burrows are present in the
Project area. If potential burrows are located, they
than 30
shall be monitored using the best judgement of the
days prior
qualified biologist. If the burrow is determined to be
to start of
active, the qualified biologist shall flag and create
Project
related
activities.
a 50-foot buffer around the den. If impacts to the
den are unavoidable, the qualified biologist will
verify there are suitable burrows in avoided habitat
within the Project area or outside of the Project
area prior to undertaking passive relocation
actions. If no suitable burrows are located, artificial burrows shall be created at least 14 days prior to
passive relocation. The qualified biologist shall
block the entrance of the active burrow with soil,
sticks, and debris for 3-5 days to discourage the
use of the burrow prior to Project activities. The
entrance shall be blocked to an incrementally
greater degree over the 3- to 5-day period. After
the qualified biologist has determined there are no
active burrows, the burrows shall be hand -
excavated to prevent re -use. No disturbance of
active dens shall take place when juvenile
American badgers may be present and dependent
on parental care. A qualified biologist shall
determine appropriate buffers and maintain
connectivity to adjacent habitat should natal
burrows be present.

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Bio-7: To avoid impacts to terrestrial wildlife, a City of qualified biologist shall be on -site prior to and Rancho during all ground- and habitat -disturbing activities Mirage to inspect the Project area prior to any Project
activities. Individuals of any wildlife species found
shall not be harassed and shall be allowed to leave
the Project area unharmed. If needed, a qualified
biologist may guide, handle, or capture an
individual non -listed, non -special -status wildlife
species to move it to a nearby safe location within
nearby refugium, or it shall be allowed to leave the
Project site of its own volition. Capture methods
may include hand, dip net, lizard lasso, snake
tongs, and snake hook. If the wildlife species is
discovered or is caught in any pits, ditches, or
other types of excavations, the qualified biologist
shall release it into the most suitable habitat
nearby the site of capture. Movement of wildlife out
of harm's way should be limited to only those
individuals that would otherwise by injured or
killed, and individuals should be moved only as far
a necessary to ensure their safety. Measures shall
be taken to prevent wildlife from re-entering the
Project site. Only biologists with appropriate
authorization by CDFW shall move CESA-listed or
other special -status species.

Prior to
and during
Project
activities.

Bio-8: During construction of the Project,
the City
City
of
During
of Rancho Mirage shall restrict use of equipment
Rancho
Project
to hours least likely to disrupt wildlife (e.g.,
not at
Mirage
activities.
night or in early morning) and restrict use of
generators except for temporary use in
emergencies. Power to sites can be provided by
solar PV (photovoltaic) systems, cogeneration
systems (natural gas generator), small
microhydroelectric systems, or small wind turbine
systems. The City shall ensure use of noise
suppression devices such as mufflers or
enclosures for generators. Sounds generated from
any means must be below the 55-60 dB range
within 50-feet from the source.

Bio-9: During Project construction and City of During
operations, the City of Rancho Mirage shall ensure Rancho Project that the Project eliminates all nonessential lighting Mirage constructio throughout the Project area and avoids or limits the n and use of artificial light during the hours of dawn and
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The City shall ensure that lighting for Project
activities is shielded, cast downward, reduced in
intensity to the greatest extent, and does not spill
over onto other properties or upward into the night
sky (see the International Dark -Sky Association
standards at http://darksky.org/) . The City shall
ensure use of LED lighting with a correlated color
temperature of 3,000 Kelvins or less, proper
disposal of hazardous waste, and recycling of
lighting that contains toxic compounds with a
qualified recycler.

Bio-10: Prior to Project -activities and issuance of
any grading permit, the Prolect Sponsor shall
obtain written correspondence from the California
Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) stating
that notification under section 1602 of the Fish and
Game Code is not required for the Project, or the
Prolect Sponsor shall obtain a CDFW-executed
Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement,
authorizing impacts to Fish and Game Code
section 1602 resources associated with the
Project.
operations
City of Prior to
Rancho Project
Mirage activities
and
issuance
of any
grading
permit.

CULTURAL RESOURCES
CUL-1: If buried cultural materials are
Project
During
discovered during the earth -moving operations,
Proponent/
Construction.
all work in that area should be halted or diverted
Archaeologic
During ground
until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the
al Monitor
disturbing
nature and significance of the finds and, if
activities.
necessary, develop a treatment pan in
consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage and
the appropriate Native American tribes. The
presence of a qualified archaeologist shall meet
the Secretary of the Interior's standards during
any ground disturbing activities.

CUL-2: In the unexpected event human remains
Project
During
are uncovered during construction activities, all
Proponent/
Construction.
construction work taking place within the vicinity
Archaeologic
During ground
of the discovered remains shall cease and the
al Monitor
disturbing
necessary steps to ensure the integrity of the
activities.
immediate area must be taken. The County
Coroner shall be notified within 24 hours of the
discovery of human remains. If the remains
discovered are determined by the Coroner to be
of Native American descent, the Coroner shall
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April 2023
contact the Native American Heritage
Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours. The
NAHC would in turn contact the Most Likely
Descendant (MLD) would determine further
action to be taken. The MLD shall have 48 hours
to access the site and make a recommendation
regarding disposition of the remains.

GEOLOGY AND SOILS
N/A

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
N/A

HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
N/A

HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
N/A

LAND USE AND PLANNING
N/A

MINERAL RESOURCES
N/A
NOISE
N-1: Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the
Project
Prior to
residential building shell (i.e., windows) would
Proponent/
issuance of a
be designed with an STC 28, which shall
Noise Monitor
grading permit.
achieve a minimum of 17 dBA noise reduction to
meet the City's 45 dBA CNEL interior residential
requirement.

N-2: Prior to issuance of a grading permit, a 6-
Project
Prior to
foot tall wall located at the property line is
Proponent/
issuance of a
required to reduce the noise CNEL level at the
Noise Monitor
grading permit.
residences facing Vista Del Sol.

POPULATION AND HOUSING
N/A

PUBLIC SERVICES
N/A
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RECREATION
N/A

TRANSPORTATION/TRAFFIC
N/A

TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
TCR-1: If buried cultural materials are
discovered during the earth -moving operations,
all work in that area should be halted or diverted
until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the
nature and significance of the finds and, if
necessary, develop a treatment pan in
consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage and
the appropriate Native American tribes. The
presence of an archaeologist shall meet the
Project
Proponent/
Cultural
Monitor
All phases of
project
development.

During the
design phase,
pre -
construction,
and during
construction.

Secretary of the Interior's standards during any
ground disturbing activities.

TCR-2: During any ground disturbing activities
Project
Proponent
Prior to
(including any archaeological testing and
obtaining a
surveys) the presence of an approved Aqua
grading permit.

Caliente Native American Cultural Resource
Monitor() is required. Should buried cultural
deposits be encountered, the Monitor shall
request that destructive construction halt and
the Monitor shall notify a Qualified Archaeologist
(Secretary of the Interior's Standards and
Guidelines) to investigate and, if necessary,
prepare a mitigation plan for submission to the
State Historic Preservation Officer and the Aqua
Caliente Tribal Historic Preservation Office.

UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS
N/A
•
mi
r
mom pow.

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ated with !-a,,-' side of the site) shall be determiRed and deRqaFG ---- ---
lathe,aGGGG
or other means +e mark the beundary If a raptor nest is observed in tree proposed a
for removal, MUSt applinapt st seps,,It With i`rl C\,, A/ All sepstrntiep perseppel he netified of the evistenne of the buffer zone to veil entering the buffer Zene and a
during neStiRg No disturbiRg aGtivities shall eGGur within this buffer season. greuRd
area the avian biologist has GGRfirmed the bFeediRgine6tiRg iG GGR*eted unto! -Apll�-
ngg61r only the
ttrh,e int�eb6i#ep
have fledged.

Yo,,ng
ERGreaGtimeRt shall
at
disnretien of the qualified bielegis+
Nesting bird surveys shall be performed by a qualified avian biologist no more than (3) days prior to vegetation removal or ground -disturbing activities. Pre -construction surveys shall focus on both direct and indirect evidence of nesting, including nest locations and nesting behavior. The qualified avian biologist shall make every effort to avoid potential nest predation as a result of survey and monitoring efforts. If active nests are found during the preconstruction nesting bird surveys, a qualified biologist shall establish an appropriate nest buffer to be marked on the ground. Nest buffers are species specific and shall be at least 300 feet for passerines and 500 feet for raptors. A smaller or larger buffer shall be determined by the qualified biologist familiar with the nesting phenology of the nesting species and based on nest and buffer monitoring results. Established buffers shall remain on -site until a qualified biologist determines the young have fledged or the nest is no longer active. Active nests and adequacy of the established buffer distance shall be monitored daily by the qualified biologist until the qualified biologist has determined the young have fledged or the Project has been completed. The qualified biologist shall have the authority to stop work if nesting pairs exhibit signs of disturbance.

BIO-2
Prior to construction and issuance of any grading permit, the City of Rancho Mirage shall ensure compliance with the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP) and its associated Implementing Agreement and shall ensure the collection of payment of the CVMSHCP Local Development The /�ppli pt shell pay the �ACHGP LE)Gal Developm t
Mitigation Fee. T„�,�,Tea„�„�„--,may--�ti �r—Loea��eez
Mitigation Cee prior to building permit iss,,enge
BIO-3
Pre -construction burrowing owl surveys shall be conducted no less than 14 days prior to the start of Project -related activities and within 24 hours prior to ground disturbance, in accordance with the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (CDFG 2012 or most recent version). Pre -construction surveys shallshould be Performed by a qualified biologist following the recommendations and guidelines provided in the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. If the pre -construction surveys confirm occupied burrowing owl habitat, Project activities shall be immediately halted. The qualified biologist shall coordinate with CDFW and USFWS to conduct an impact assessment to develop avoidance and minimization measures to be approved by CDFW prior to commencing Project activities.

BIO-4:

A thorough floristic -based assessment of special -status plants and natural communities, following CDFW's Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities (CDFW 2018 or most recent version) shall be performed by a qualified biologist prior to commencing City of Rancho Mirage
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Project activities. Should any state -listed plant species be present in the Project area, the Project proponent shall obtain an Incidental Take Permit for those species not covered under the CVMSHCP prior to the start of Protect activities.

BIO-5:

No more than 14 days prior to the beginning of -ground disturbance and/or Project activities, a qualified biologist shall conduct pre -construction surveys to determine if potential desert kit fox burrows/dens are present in the Project area. Pre - construction surveys should include 100-percent visual coverage of the Project area and cannot be combined with other surveys conducted for other species while using the same personnel. If the pre -construction surveys confirm occupied desert kit fox habitat, Project activities shall be immediately halted, and the qualified biologist shall notify CDFW and USFWS to develop avoidance, minimization, and mitigation measures. No disturbance of active dens shall take place when juvenile desert kit fox may be present and dependent on parental care.

BIO-6:

More than 30 days prior to the beginning of ground disturbance and/or construction activities, a qualified biologist shall conduct a survey to determine if potential American badger burrows are present in the Project area. If potential burrows are located, they shall be monitored using the best judgement of the qualified biologist.

If the burrow is determined to be active, the qualified biologist shall flap and create a 50-foot buffer around the den. If impacts to the den are unavoidable, the qualified biologist will verify there are suitable burrows in avoided habitat within the Project area or outside of the Project area prior to undertaking passive relocation actions. If no suitable burrows are located, artificial burrows shall be created at least 14 days prior to passive relocation. The qualified biologist shall block the entrance of the active burrow with soil, sticks, and debris for 3-5 days to discourage the use of the burrow prior to Project activities. The entrance shall be blocked to an incrementally greater degree over the 3- to 5-day period. After the qualified biologist has determined there are no active burrows, the burrows shall be hand -excavated to prevent re -use. No disturbance of active dens shall take place when juvenile American badgers may be present and dependent on parental care. A qualified biologist shall determine appropriate buffers and maintain connectivity to adjacent habitat should natal burrows be present.

BIO-7:

To avoid impacts to terrestrial wildlife, a qualified biologist shall be on -site prior to and during all ground- and habitat -disturbing activities to inspect the Project area prior to any Project activities. Individuals of any wildlife species found shall not be harassed and shall be allowed to leave the Project area unharmed. If needed, a qualified biologist may guide, handle, or capture an individual non -listed, non - special -status wildlife species to move it to a nearby safe location within nearby refugium, or it shall be allowed to leave the Project site of its own volition. Capture methods may include hand, dip net, lizard lasso, snake tongs, and snake hook. If the wildlife species is discovered or is caught in any pits, ditches, or other types of excavations, the qualified biologist shall release it into the most suitable habitat nearby the site of capture. Movement of wildlife out of harm's way should be limited to only those individuals that would otherwise by injured or killed, and individuals should be moved only as far a necessary to ensure their safety. Measures shall be taken to prevent wildlife from re-entering the Project site. Only biologists with appropriate authorization by CDFW shall move CESA-listed or other special -status species.

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BIO-8:

Restrict use of equipment to hours least likely to disrupt wildlife (e.g., not at night or in early morning). Do not use generators except for temporary use in emergencies.

Power to sites can be provided by solar PV (photovoltaic) systems, cogeneration systems (natural gas generator), small microhydroelectric systems, or small wind turbine systems. Consider use of noise suppression devices such as mufflers or enclosure for generators. Sounds generated from any means must be below the 55- 60 dB range within 50-feet from the source.

BIO-9:

During Project construction and operation, the City shall eliminate all nonessential lighting throughout the Project area and avoid or limit the use of artificial light during the hours of dawn and dusk when many wildlife species are most active. The City shall ensure that lighting for Project activities is shielded, cast downward, and does not spill over onto other properties or upward into the night sky (see the International Dark -Sky Association standards at http://darksky.org/) . The City shall ensure use of LED lighting with a correlated color temperature of 3,000 Kelvins or less, proper disposal of hazardous waste, and recycling of lighting that contains toxic compounds with a qualified recycler.

BIO-10:

Prior to Project -activities and issuance of any grading permit, the Project Sponsor shall obtain written correspondence from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) stating that notification under section 1602 of the Fish and Game Code is not required for the Project, or the Project Sponsor should obtain a CDFW executed Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement, authorizing impacts to Fish and Game Code section 1602 resources associated with the Project.

CUL-1
If buried cultural materials are discovered during the earth -moving operations, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds and, if necessary, develop a treatment pan in consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage and the appropriate Native American tribes. The presence of a qualified archaeologist shall meet the Secretary of the Interior's standards during any ground disturbing activities.

CUL-2
In the unexpected event human remains are uncovered during construction activities, all construction work taking place within the vicinity of the discovered remains must cease and the necessary steps to ensure the integrity of the immediate area must be taken. The County Coroner must be notified within 24 hours of the discovery of human remains. If the remains discovered are determined by the Coroner to be of Native American descent, the Coroner shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours. The NAHC would in turn contact the Most Likely Descendant (MILD) would determine further action to be taken. The MLD would have 48 hours to access the site and make a recommendation regarding disposition of the remains.

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N-1
Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the residential building shell (i.e., windows) would be designed with an STC 28, which shall achieve a minimum of 17 dBA noise reduction to meet the City's 45 dBA CNEL interior residential requirement.

N-2
Prior to issuance of a grading permit, a 6-foot tall wall located at the property line is required to reduce the noise CNEL level at the residences facing Vista Del Sol.

TCR-1
If buried cultural materials are discovered during the earth -moving operations, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds and, if necessary, develop a treatment pan in consultation with the City of Rancho Mirage and the appropriate Native American tribes. The presence of a qualified archaeologist shall meet the Secretary of the Interior's standards during any ground disturbing activities.

TCR-2
During any ground disturbing activities (including any archaeological testing and surveys) the presence of an approved Aqua Caliente Native American Cultural Resource Monitor(s) is required. Should buried cultural deposits be encountered, the Monitor shall request that destructive construction halt and the Monitor shall notify a Qualified Archaeologist (Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines) to investigate and, if necessary, prepare a mitigation plan for submission to the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Aqua Caliente Tribal Historic Preservation Office.

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CHAPTER 3: REFERENCES
Vista Del Sol
Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
April 2023
2020 Coachella Valley Regional Urban Water Management Plan, June 30, 2021. 2020 RTP/SCS, Demographics and Growth Forecast Technical Report, Southern California Association of Governments, adopted September 3, 2020.

Biological Resources Report for Tentative Tract Map No. 38222 (Vista Del Sol), ELMT Consulting, December 12, 2021 (Appendix 13).

Building Energy Efficient Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, California Energy Commission, December 2018.

California Department of Conservation, Farmland Mapping & Monitoring Program, 2016.

California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) Estimated Solid Waste Generation Rate, 2006.

Cal Recycle Solid Waste Information System, 2019.

City of Rancho Mirage, General Plan, 2017
City of Rancho Mirage, Municipal Code
City of Rancho Mirage, Zoning Ordinance, as amended.

Cultural Resource Investigation in Support of the Vista Del Sol Project, PaleoWest, December 28, 2022. (Appendix C).

California Department of Toxic Substances Control "EnviroStor" Database, accessed September 2021; Altum Site Visit on September 13, 2021.

E-5 City/County Population and Housing Estimates, California Department of Finance, January 1, 2020.

Federal Management Emergency Act Flood Insurance Rate Map No. 06065C1595G, effective August 28. 2008
Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas, Cal Fire, 2007.

Officially Designated State Scenic Highways Map, Caltrans.

Preliminary Drainage Plan, The Altum Group
Riverside County, Map My County, 2021.

Riverside County, Transportation Analysis Guidelines
TTM 38222 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study, MD Acoustics, April 26, 2022 (Appendix A).

TTM 38222 Noise Impact Study, MD Acoustics, October 6, 2021 (Appendix D) University of California, Davis Soil Web, 2021.

Update of Mineral Land Classification Map for Portland Cement Concrete Grade Aggregate in the Palm Springs Production -Consumption Region, Riverside County, California (Special Report 198), California Geological Survey, 2007.

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Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Local Responsibility Areas, Cal Fire, 2009.

CHAPTER 4: APPENDICES
Appendix A TTM 38222 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study, MD Acoustics, LLC, April 26, 2022.

Appendix B Biological Resources Report for Tentative Tract Map No. 38222 (Vista Del Sol), ELMT Consulting, December 12, 2021.

Appendix C Cultural Resource Investigation in Support of the Vista Del Sol Project, PaleoWest, December 28, 2021.

Appendix D TTM 38222 Noise Impact Study, MD Acoustics, LLC, October 6, 2021.

Appendix E Tribal Consultation Letters, City of Rancho Mirage, September 26, 2022.

Appendix F Comment Letters Received from Initial Circulation of Draft IS/MND, January 30t", 2023.

Appendix G Response to Comments, ELMT Consulting and The Altum Group, January 10, 2023
Appendix H Geotechnical Report, LandMark Consultants Inc., September 24, 2021 CHAPTER 5: REPORT PREPARERS
Lead Agency
Pilar Lopez, Senior Planner
City of Rancho Mirage
69-825 Highway 111
Rancho Mirage, California 92270
The Altum Group
Lauren Reese, Environmental Planner
Katie Davis, Production Manager
Heather Boland, Assistant Planner
Jordan Parrish, Assistant Planner
Anna Choudhuri, Environmental Planning Manager
Subconsultants
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy
Mike Dickerson, INCE, Principal — MD Acoustics, LLC
Tyler Klassen, EIT, Air Quality Specialist — MD Acoustics, LLC Noise
Mike Dickerson, INCE, Principal — MD Acoustics, LLC
Francisco Irarrazabal, Acoustical Consultant — MD Acoustics, LLC Robert Pearson — MD Acoustics, LLC
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Cultural Resources
Roberta Thomas, Senior Archaeologist — PaleoWest
Biological Resources
Travis McGill, Director/Biologist — ELMT Consulting
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Appendix A
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
4-117

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA
Prepared for:

Lauren Reese
The Altum Group
72140 Magnesia Falls, Suite 1
Rancho Mirage, CA 92270
Prepared by:

MD Acoustics, LLC
Mike Dickerson, INCE; Tyler Klassen
1197 Los Angeles Ave, Ste C-256
Simi Valley, CA 93065
Date: 4/26/2022

ACOUSTICS
Sound Solutions for Planning and Design
Noise Study Reports I Vibration Studies I Air Quality I Greenhouse Gas I Health Risk Assessments 4-118

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1

1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives 1

1.2 Project Summary 1

1.2.1 Site Location 1

1.2.2 Project Description

1.2.3 Sensitive Receptors

1.3 Executive Summary of Findings and Mitigation Measures 1 1
2 2.0 Regulatory Framework and Background.................................................................................6

2.1 Air Quality Regulatory Setting 6

2.1.1 National and State 6

2.1.2 South Coast Air Quality Management District 8

2.1.3 Local 10

2.2 Greenhouse Gas Regulatory Setting
14 2.2.1 International
14 2.2.2 National
14 2.2.3 California
16 2.2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District
24 2.2.5 Local
25 3.0 Setting
.................................................................................................................................27

3.1 Existing Physical Setting
27 3.1.1 Local Climate and Meteorology
27 3.1.2 Local Air Quality
28 3.1.3 Attainment Status
30 3.2
Greenhouse Gases
32 4.0 Modeling
Parameters and Assumptions...............................................................................34

4.1 Construction
34 4.2
Operations
35 4.3
Localized Construction Analysis
35 4.4
Localized Operational Analysis
36 5.0 Thresholds of Significance....................................................................................................37

5.1 Air Quality Thresholds of Significance
37 5.1.1 CEQA Guidelines for Air Quality
37 5.1.2 Regional Significance Thresholds for Construction Emissions 37 5.1.3 Regional Significance Thresholds for Operational Emissions 37 5.1.4 Thresholds for Localized Significance
38 5.2
Greenhouse Gas Thresholds of Significance
38 5.2.1 CEQA Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas
38 5.3
Toxic Air Contaminants
39 6.0 Air Quality Emissions Impact................................................................................................40 MD Acoustics, LLC ii
JN: 07412135_Report 4.26.2022 4 119

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.1 Construction Air Quality Emissions Impact
40 6.1.1 Regional Construction Emissions
40 6.1.2 Localized Construction Emissions
40 6.1.3 Construction -Related Human Health Impacts
41 6.1.4 Odors
41 6.1.5 Construction -Related Toxic Air Contaminant Impact 42 6.2
Operational Air Quality Emissions Impact
42 6.2.1 Regional Operational Emissions
42 6.2.2 Localized Operational Emissions
43 6.2.3 Operations -Related Human Health Impacts
43 6.3
CO Hot Spot Emissions
44 6.4
Cumulative Regional Air Quality Impacts
44 6.5
Air Quality Compliance
45 7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis..........................................................................................47

7.1 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact
47 7.2
Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact
47 7.3
Greenhouse Gas Plan Consistency
48 8.0 Energy Analysis....................................................................................................................50

8.1 Construction Energy Demand
50 8.1.1 Construction Equipment Electricity Usage Estimates 50 8.1.2 Construction Equipment Fuel Estimates
51 8.1.3 Construction Worker Fuel Estimates
52 8.1.4 Construction Vendor/Hauling Fuel Estimates
52 8.1.5 Construction Energy Efficiency/Conservation Measures 53 8.2
Operational Energy Demand
54 8.2.1 Transportation Fuel Consumption
54 8.2.2 Facility Energy Demands (Electricity and Natural Gas) 55 8.3
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Plan Consistency 55 9.0 References...........................................................................................................................57 MD Acoustics, LLC iii
JN: 07412135_Report 4.26.2022 4 12 0

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A:

CalEEMod Daily Emission Output
Appendix B:

CalEEMod Annual Emission Output
Appendix C:

EMFAC2017 Output

LIST OF EXHIBITS
ExhibitA...........................................................................................................................................4 Location Map 4
ExhibitB...........................................................................................................................................5 Site Plan 5

LIST OF TABLES
Table1: Land Use Summary........................................................................................................................ 1 Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards..................................................................................................... 7 Table 3: Meteorological Summary............................................................................................................ 28 Table 4: Local Area Air Quality Levels from Palm Springs Air Monitoring Station ................................... 29 Table 5: Coachella Valley Portion of the Salton Sea Air Basin Attainment Status ................................... 31 Table 6: Description of Greenhouse Gases............................................................................................... 33 Table 7: Construction Equipment Assumptions....................................................................................... 36 Table 8: Regional Significance - Construction Emissions (pounds/day)................................................... 40 Table 9: Localized Significance — Construction......................................................................................... 41 Table 10: Regional Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions (lbs/day)..................................... 42 Table 11: Localized Significance — Unmitigated Operational Emissions ................................................... 43 Table 12: Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions................................................................................. 47 Table 13: Opening Year Unmitigated Project -Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions.................................48 Table 14: Project Construction Power Cost and Electricity Usage........................................................... 50 Table 15: Construction Equipment Fuel Consumption Estimates............................................................ 51 Table 16: Construction Worker Fuel Consumption Estimates................................................................. 52 Table 17: Construction Vendor Fuel Consumption Estimates (MHD Trucks) ........................................... 53 Table 18: Construction Hauling Fuel Consumption Estimates (HHD Trucks) ........................................... 53 MD Acoustics, LLC iv
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TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table 19: Estimated Vehicle Operations Fuel Consumption.................................................................... 54 Table 20: Project Unmitigated Annual Operational Energy Demand Summary' ..................................... 55 MD Acoustics, LLC v
JN: 07412135_Report 4.26.2022 4 12 2

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
AQMP
Air Quality Management Plan
CAAQS
California Ambient Air Quality Standards
CARB
California Air Resources Board
CEQA
California Environmental Quality Act
CFCs
Chlorofluorocarbons
CH4
Methane
CNG
Compressed natural gas
CO
Carbon monoxide
CO2
Carbon dioxide
COze
Carbon dioxide equivalent
DPM
Diesel particulate matter
GHG
Greenhouse gas
HFCs
Hydrofluorocarbons
LST
Localized Significant Thresholds
MTCOze
Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
MMTCOze
Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NOx
Nitrogen Oxides
NO2
Nitrogen dioxide
N20
Nitrous oxide
03 Ozone
PFCs
Perfluorocarbons
PM
Particle matter
PM10
Particles that are less than 10 micrometers in diameter PM2.5
Particles that are less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter PMI
Point of maximum impact
PPM
Parts per million
PPB
Parts per billion
RTIP
Regional Transportation Improvement Plan
RTP
Regional Transportation Plan
SCAQMD
South Coast Air Quality Management District
SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride
SIP
State Implementation Plan
Sox
Sulfur Oxides
SRA
Source/Receptor Area
SSAB
Salton Sea Air Basin
TAC
Toxic air contaminants
VOC
Volatile organic compounds
WRCC
Western Regional Climate Center
MD Acoustics, LLC yi
JN: 07412135_Report 4.26.2022 4 12 3

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Introduction

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives
This air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) analysis was prepared to evaluate whether the estimated criteria pollutants and GHG emissions generated from the project would cause a significant impact to the air resources in the project area. This assessment was conducted within the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, California Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq.).

The assessment is consistent with the methodology and emission factors endorsed by South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), California Air Resource Board (CARB), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).

1.2 Project Summary

1.2.1 Site Location
The project site is located along Vista del Sol, between Country Club Drive and Frank Sinatra Drive in Rancho Mirage, California, as shown in Exhibit A. The site is currently zoned as residential estate use with vacant residential use to the north, east, and south. Land use category to the west is zoned as institutional with hospital land use type.

1.2.2 Project Description
The Project proposes the construction of approximately 9 single-family residences on an approximately

10.122-acres. Exhibit B demonstrates the site plan for the project.

Construction activities within the Project area will consist of site preparation, grading, building, paving, and architectural coating. Table 1 summarizes the land use description for the Project Site.

Table 1: Land Use Summary
Land Use
Unit Amount
Size Metric
Single Family Housing'
9 Units
Other Asphalt Surfacesz

2.53 Acre
' Units cover 7.59 acres.
z Street paving approx. 25% of total 10.122-acre site.

1.2.3 Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are considered land uses or other types of population groups that are more sensitive to air pollution than others due to their exposure. Sensitive population groups include children, the elderly, the acutely and chronically ill, and those with cardio-respiratory diseases. For CEQA purposes, a sensitive receptor would be a location where a sensitive individual could remain for 24-hours or longer, such as residences, hospitals, and schools (etc.). 1 4-124

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Introduction
The closest existing sensitive receptors (to the site area) is a single-family residence 120 feet (36 meters) east of the project boundary.

1.3 Executive Summary of Findings and Mitigation Measures The following is a summary of the analysis results:

Construction -Source Emissions
Project construction -source emissions would not exceed applicable regional thresholds of significance established by the SCAQMD. For localized emissions, the project will not exceed applicable Localized Significance Thresholds (LSTs) established by the SCAQMD.

Project construction -source emissions would not conflict with the Basin Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). As discussed herein, the project will comply with all applicable SCAQMD construction -source emission reduction rules and guidelines. Project construction source emissions would not cause or substantively contribute to violation of the California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) or National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Established requirements addressing construction equipment operations, and construction material use, storage, and disposal requirements act to minimize odor impacts that may result from construction activities. Moreover, construction -source odor emissions would be temporary, short- term, and intermittent in nature and would not result in persistent impacts that would affect substantial numbers of people. Potential construction -source odor impacts are therefore considered less -than -significant.

Operational -Source Emissions
The project operational -sourced emissions would not exceed applicable regional thresholds of significance established by the SCAQMD. Project operational -source emissions would not result in or cause a significant localized air quality impact as discussed in the Operations -Related Local Air Quality Impacts section of this report. Additionally, project -related traffic will not cause or result in CO concentrations exceeding applicable state and/or federal standards (CO "hotspots). Project operational -source emissions would therefore not adversely affect sensitive receptors within the vicinity of the project.

Project operational -source emissions would not conflict with the Basin Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). The project's emissions meet SCAQMD regional thresholds and will not result in a significant cumulative impact. The project does not propose any such uses or activities that would result in potentially significant operational -source odor impacts. Potential operational -source odor impacts are therefore considered less -than significant.

Project -related GHG emissions meet the County of Riverside Climate Action Plan (CAP) Update screening threshold of 3,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2e) per year and are also considered to be less than significant. The project also complies with the goals of the CARB Scoping Plan, AB-32, and SB-32.
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TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Introduction
Mitigation Measures
A. Construction Measures
Adherence to SCAQMD Rule 403 is required.

No construction mitigation required.

B. Operational Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions No operational mitigation required.
4-126

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TTM 38222 — AQ/GHG
Noise Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Introduction
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Exhibit B
Site Plan
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TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background

2.0 Regulatory Framework and Background

2.1 Air Quality Regulatory Setting
Air pollutants are regulated at the national, state, and air basin level; each agency has a different level of regulatory responsibility. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates at the national level. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) regulates at the state level. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) regulates at the air basin level.

2.1.1 National and State
The EPA is responsible for global, international, and interstate air pollution issues and policies. The EPA sets national vehicle and stationary source emission standards, oversees approval of all State Implementation Plans, provides research and guidance for air pollution programs, and sets National Air Quality Standards, also known as federal standards. There are six common air pollutants, called criteria pollutants, which were identified from the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970. • Ozone
• Nitrogen Dioxide
• Lead
• Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
• Carbon Monoxide
• Particulate Matter
• Sulfur Dioxide
The federal standards were set to protect public health, including that of sensitive individuals; thus, the standards continue to change as more medical research is available regarding the health effects of the criteria pollutants. Primary federal standards are the levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety, to project the public health.

A State Implementation Plan is a document prepared by each state describing existing air quality conditions and measures that will be followed to attain and maintain federal standards. The State Implementation Plan for the State of California is administered by the ARB, which has overall responsibility for statewide air quality maintenance and air pollution prevention. California's State Implementation Plan incorporates individual federal attainment plans for regional air districts —air district prepares their federal attainment plan, which sent to ARB to be approved and incorporated into the California State Implementation Plan. Federal attainment plans include the technical foundation for understanding air quality (e.g., emission inventories and air quality monitoring), control measures and strategies, and enforcement mechanisms. See http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aags/aags.htm for additional information on criteria pollutants and air quality standards.

The federal and state ambient air quality standards are summarized in Table 2 and can also be found at http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aags/aags2.pdf .
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TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards
California Standards'
National Standardsz
Pollutant
Averaging Time
Concentrations3
Method
Primary3,5
Secondary3.6
Method'
Ozone (03)
1-Hour

0.09 ppm
Ultraviolet
Same as Primary
Ultraviolet
8-Hour

0.070 ppm

0.070 ppm (147 µg/m3)
Photometry
Standard
Photometry
Respirable
24-Hour
50 µg/m3
150 µ/m3
Inertial Separation
Particulate Matter
Gravimetric or Beta
Same as Primary
and Gravimetric
(PM10)$
Annual Arithmetic Mean
20 µg/m3
Attenuation
Standard
Analysis
24-Hour
35 µg/m3
Same as Primary
Inertial Separation
Fine Particulate
Standard
Matter (PM2.5)8
Annual Arithmetic Mean
12 µg/m3
Gravimetric or Beta
12 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
and Gravimetric
Analysis
Attenuation
1-Hour
20 ppm (23 µg/m3)
35 ppm (40 µg/m3)
Carbon Monoxide
Non -Dispersive
Non -Dispersive
8-Hour

9.0 ppm (10 µg/m3)
9 ppm (10 µg/m3)
(CO)
Infrared Photometry
Infrared
8-Hour
6 ppm (7 µg/m3)
(NDIR)
Photometry (NDIR)
(Lake Tahoe)
1-Hour

0.18 ppm (339 µg/m3)
100 ppb (188 µg/m3)
Nitrogen Dioxide
Gas Phase
Gas Phase
Annual Arithmetic Mean

0.030 3
ppm (357 µg/m)
3 0.053 ppm (100 µg/m)
Same as Primary
NOz °
( )
Chemiluminescence
Chemiluminescence
Standard
1-Hour

0.25 ppm (655 µg/m3)
75 ppb (196 µg/m3)
3-Hour
- -
- -

0.5 ppm
Ultraviolet
(1300 mg/m3)
Fluorescence;
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)"
Ultraviolet
Spectrophotometry

0.14 ppm
24-Hour

0.04 ppm (105 µg/m3)
Fluorescence
(for certain areas)to
(Pararosaniline

0.130ppm
Method)
Annual Arithmetic Mean
(for certain areas)10
30 Day Average

1.5 µg/m3
Calendar Qrtr

1.µn
Same as Primary
High Volume
Lead"•12
Atomic Absorption
(for certain areas)"
ar
Standard
Sampler and Atomic
Rolling 3-Month Average

0.15 µg/m3
Absorption
Visibility Reducing
Beta Attenuation and
Particles13
8-Hour
See footnote 13
Transmittance
through Filter Tape
No
National
Standards
Sulfates
24-Hour
25 µg/m3
Ion Chromatography
Hydrogen Sulfide
1-Hour

0.03 ppm (42 µg/m3)
Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
Vinyl Chloride"
24-Hour

0.01 ppm (26 µg/m3)
Gas Chromatography
Notes:

1. California standards for ozone, carbon monoxide (except 8-hour Lake Tahoe), sulfur dioxide (1 and 24 hour), nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (PM1O, PM2.5, and visibility reducing particles), are values that are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be equaled or exceeded. California ambient air quality standards are listed in the Table of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations.

2. National standards (other than ozone, particulate matter, and those based on annual arithmetic mean) are not to be exceeded more than once a year. The ozone standard is attained when the fourth highest 8-hour concentration measured at each site in a year, averaged over three years, is equal to or less than the standard. For PM1O, the 24 hour standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with a 24-hour average concentration above 150 µg/m3 is equal to or less than one. For PM2.5, the 24 hour standard is attained when 98 percent of the daily concentrations, averaged over three years, are equal to or less than the standard. Contact the U.S. EPA for further clarification and current national policies.

3. Concentration expressed first in units in which it was promulgated. Equivalent units given in parentheses are based upon a reference temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr. Most measurements of air quality are to be corrected to a reference temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr; ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume, or micromoles of pollutant per mole of gas.

4. Any equivalent measurement method which can be shown to the satisfaction of the ARB to give equivalent results at or near the level of the air quality standard may be used.

5. National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health.

6. National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant.

7. Reference method as described by the U.S. EPA. An "equivalent method" of measurement may be used but must have a "consistent relationship to the reference method" and must be approved by the U.S. EPA. 4-130

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background

8. On December 14, 2012, the national annual PM2.5 primary standard was lowered from 15 µg/m3 to 12.0 µg/m3. The existing national 24-hour PM2.5 standards (primary and secondary) were retained at 35 µg/m3, as was the annual secondary standard of 15 µg/m3. The existing 24-hour PM10 standards (primary and secondary) of 150 µg/m3 also were retained. The form of the annual primary and secondary standards is the annual mean, averaged over 3 years.

9. To attain the 1-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 100 ppb. Note that the national 1-hour standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per million (ppm). To directly compare the national 1-hour standard to the California standards the units can be converted from ppb to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 100 ppb is identical to 0.100 ppm.

10. On June 2, 2010, a new 1-hour SO2 standard was established and the existing 24-hour and annual primary standards were revoked. To attain the 1- hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 75 ppb. The 1971 SO2 national standards (24-hour and annual) remain in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2010 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1971 standards, the 1971 standards remain in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2010 standards are approved.

Note that the 1-hour national standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per million (ppm). To directly compare the 1-hour national standard to the California standard the units can be converted to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 75 ppb is identical to 0.075 ppm.

11. The ARB has identified lead and vinyl chloride as 'toxic air contaminants' with no threshold level of exposure for adverse health effects determined.

These actions allow for the implementation of control measures at levels below the ambient concentrations specified for these pollutants.

12. The national standard for lead was revised on October 15, 2008 to a rolling 3-month average. The 1978 lead standard (1.5 µg/m3 as a quarterly average) remains in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1978 standard, the 1978 standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008 standard are approved.

13. In 1989, the ARB converted both the general statewide 10-mile visibility standard and the Lake Tahoe 30-mile visibility standard to instrumental equivalents, which are "extinction of 0.23 per kilometer" and "extinction of 0.07 per kilometer" for the statewide and Lake Tahoe Air Basin standards, respectively.

Several pollutants listed in Table 2 are not addressed in this analysis. Analysis of lead is not included in this report because the project is not anticipated to emit lead. Visibility -reducing particles are not explicitly addressed in this analysis because particulate matter is addressed. The project is not expected to generate or be exposed to vinyl chloride because proposed project uses do not utilize the chemical processes that create this pollutant and there are no such uses in the project vicinity. The proposed project is not expected to cause exposure to hydrogen sulfide because it would not generate hydrogen sulfide in any substantial quantity.

2.1.2 South Coast Air Quality Management District
The agency for air pollution control for the Salton Sea Air Basin (basin) is the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). SCAQMD is responsible for controlling emissions primarily from stationary sources. SCAQMD maintains air quality monitoring stations throughout the basin. SCAQMD, in coordination with the Southern California Association of Governments, is also responsible for developing, updating, and implementing the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the basin. An AQMP is a plan prepared and implemented by an air pollution district for a county or region designated as nonattainment of the federal and/or California ambient air quality standards. The term nonattainment area is used to refer to an air basin where one or more ambient air quality standards are exceeded.

Every three (3) years the SCAQMD prepares a new AQMP, updating the previous plan and having a 20- year horizon.
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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background On March 23, 2017 CARB approved the 2016 AQMP. The 2016 AQMP is a regional blueprint for achieving the federal air quality standards and healthful air.

The 2016 AQMP includes both stationary and mobile source strategies to ensure that rapidly approaching attainment deadlines are met, that public health is protected to the maximum extent feasible, and that the region is not faced with burdensome sanctions if the Plan is not approved or if the NAAQS are not met on time. As with every AQMP, a comprehensive analysis of emissions, meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, regional growth projections, and the impact of existing control measures is updated with the latest data and methods. The most significant air quality challenge in the Basin is to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions sufficiently to meet the upcoming ozone standard deadlines. The primary goal of the 2016 AQMP is to meet clean air standards and protect public health, including ensuring benefits to environmental justice and disadvantaged communities. Now that the plan has been approved by CARB, it has been forwarded to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for its review. If approved by EPA, the plan becomes federally enforceable.

South Coast AQMD has initiated the development of the 2022 AQMP to address the attainment of the 2015 8-hour ozone standard (70 ppb) for South Coast Air Basin and Coachella Valley. To support the development of mobile source strategies for the 2022 AQMP, South Coast AQMD, in conjunction with California Air Resources Board, has established Mobile Source Working Groups which are open to all interested parties..

South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules
The AQMP for the basin establishes a program of rules and regulations administered by SCAQMD to obtain attainment of the state and federal standards. Some of the rules and regulations that apply to this Project include, but are not limited to, the following:

SCAQMD Rule 402 prohibits a person from discharging from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property.

SCAQMD Rule 403 governs emissions of fugitive dust during construction and operation activities.

Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard Best Management Practices, such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph, and establishing a permanent ground cover on finished sites.

Rule 403 requires that fugitive dust be controlled with best available control measures so that the presence of such dust does not remain visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the emission source. In addition, Rule 403 requires implementation of dust suppression techniques to prevent fugitive dust from creating a nuisance off site. Applicable suppression techniques are indicated below and include but are not limited to the following:
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TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background • Apply nontoxic chemical soil stabilizers according to manufacturers' specifications to all inactive construction areas (previously graded areas in active for 10 days or more). • Water active sites at least three times daily.
• Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, or maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114. • Pave construction access roads at least 100 feet onto the site from the main road. • Reduce traffic speeds on all unpaved roads to 15 mph or less. • Suspension of all grading activities when wind speeds (including instantaneous wind gusts) exceed 25 mph.
• Bumper strips or similar best management practices shall be provided where vehicles enter and exit the construction site onto paved roads or wash off trucks and any equipment leaving the site each trip.
• Replanting disturbed areas as soon as practical.
• During all construction activities, construction contractors shall sweep on -site and off -site streets if silt is carried to adjacent public thoroughfares, to reduce the amount of particulate matter on public streets.

SCAQMD Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of architectural coating and limits the VOC content in paints and paint solvents. This rule regulates the VOC content of paints available during construction. Therefore, all paints and solvents used during construction and operation of project must comply with Rule 1113.

Idling Diesel Vehicle Trucks — Idling for more than 5 minutes in any one location is prohibited within California borders.

Rule 2702. The SCAQMD adopted Rule 2702 on February 6, 2009, which establishes a voluntary air quality investment program from which SCAQMD can collect funds from parties that desire certified GHG emission reductions, pool those funds, and use them to purchase or fund GHG emission reduction projects within two years, unless extended by the Governing Board. Priority will be given to projects that result in co -benefit emission reductions of GHG emissions and criteria or toxic air pollutants within environmental justice areas. Further, this voluntary program may compete with the cap -and -trade program identified for implementation in CARB's Scoping Plan, or a Federal cap and trade program.

2.1.3 Local
Local jurisdictions, such as the County of Riverside and Community of Winchester, have the authority and responsibility to reduce air pollution through their police power and decision -making authority.

Specifically, the County and City are responsible for the assessment and mitigation of air emissions resulting from its land use decisions. The County and City are also responsible for the implementation of transportation control measures as outlined in the 2016 AQMP. Examples of such measures include bus turnouts, energy -efficient streetlights, and synchronized traffic signals. In accordance with CEQA requirements and the CEQA review process, the County and City assesses the air quality impacts of 10 4-133

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background new development projects, requires mitigation of potentially significant air quality impacts by conditioning discretionary permits, and monitors and enforces implementation of such mitigation.

The County relies on the expertise of the SCAQMD and utilizes the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook as the guidance document for the environmental review of plans and development proposals within its jurisdiction.

County of Riverside General Plan
The Air Quality Element of the County of Riverside General Plan summarizes air quality issues in the Basin, air quality -related plans and programs administered by federal, state, and special purpose agencies, and establishes goals and policies to improve air quality. These goals and policies in the Air Quality Element that relate to the proposed project include:

Multi -jurisdictional Cooperation:

AQ 1.1 Promote and participate with regional and local agencies, both public and private, to protect and improve air quality.

AQ 1.2 Support the Southern California Association of Government's (SCAG) Regional Growth Management Plan by developing intergovernmental agreements with appropriate governmental entities such as the Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG), the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG), sanitation districts, water districts, and those subregional entities identified in the Regional Growth Management Plan.

AQ 1.3 Participate in the development and update of those regional air quality management plans required under federal and state law, and meet all standards established for clean air in these plans.

AQ 1.4 Coordinate with the SCAQMD and MDAQMD to ensure that all elements of air quality plans regarding reduction of air pollutant emissions are being enforced.

AQ 1.5 Establish and implement air quality, land use and circulation measures that improve not only the County's environment but the entire regions.

AQ 1.6 Establish a level playing field by working with local jurisdictions to simultaneously adopt policies similar to those in this Air Quality Element.

AQ 1.7 Support legislation which promotes cleaner industry, clean fuel vehicles and more efficient burning engines and fuels.

AQ 1.8 Support the introduction of federal, state or regional enabling legislation to permit the County to promote inventive air quality programs, which otherwise could not be implemented.
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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background AQ 1.9 Encourage, publicly recognize and reward innovative approaches that improve air quality.

AQ 1.10 Work with regional and local agencies to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a system of charges (e.g., pollution charges, user fees, congestion pricing and toll roads) that requires individuals who undertake polluting activities to bear the economic cost of their actions where possible.

AQ 1.11 Involve environmental groups, the business community, special interests, and the general public in the formulation and implementation of programs that effectively reduce airborne pollutants.

Sensitive Receptors:

AQ 2.1 The County land use planning efforts shall assure that sensitive receptors are separated and protected from polluting point sources to the greatest extent possible.

AQ 2.2 Require site plan designs to protect people and land uses sensitive to air pollution through the use of barriers and/or distance from emissions sources when possible.

AQ 2.3 Encourage the use of pollution control measures such as landscaping, vegetation and other materials, which trap particulate matter or control pollution.

Stationary Pollution Sources:

AQ 4.1 Encourage the use of building materials/methods which reduce emissions.

AQ 4.2 Require the use of all feasible efficient heating equipment and other appliances, such as water heaters, swimming pool heaters, cooking equipment, refrigerators, furnaces and boiler units.

AQ 4.3 Require centrally heated facilities to utilize automated time clocks or occupant sensors to control heating where feasible.

AQ 4.5 Require stationary pollution sources to minimize the release of toxic pollutants through:
• Design features;
• Operating procedures;
• Preventive maintenance;
• Operator training; and
• Emergency response planning
AQ 4.6 Require stationary air pollution sources to comply with applicable air district rules and control measures.
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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background AQ 4.7 To the greatest extent possible, require every project to mitigate any of its anticipated emissions which exceed allowable emissions as established by the SCAQMD, MDAQMD, SOCAB, the Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board.

AQ 4.8 Expand, as appropriate, measures contained in the County's Fugitive Dust Reduction Program for the Coachella Valley to the entire County.

AQ 4.9 Require compliance with SCAQMD Rules 403 and 403.1, and support appropriate future measures to reduce fugitive dust emanating from construction sites.

AQ 4.10 Coordinate with the SCAQMD and MDAQMD to create a communications plan to alert those conducting grading operations in the County of first, second, and third stage smog alerts, and when wind speeds exceed 25 miles per hour. During these instances all grading operations should be suspended.

Energy Efficiency and Conservation:

AQ 5.1 Utilize source reduction, recycling and other appropriate measures to reduce the amount of solid waste disposed of in landfills.

AQ 5.4 Encourage the incorporation of energy -efficient design elements, including appropriate site orientation and the use of shade and windbreak trees to reduce fuel consumption for heating and cooling.

Particulate Matter:

AQ 15.1 Identify and monitor sources, enforce existing regulations, and promote stronger controls to reduce particulate matter.

Multi -jurisdictional Cooperation:

AQ 16.1 Cooperate with local, regional, state and federal jurisdictions to better control particulate matter.

Control Measures:

AQ 17.1 Reduce particulate matter from agriculture, construction, demolition, debris hauling, street cleaning, utility maintenance, railroad rights -of -way, and off -road vehicles to the extent possible.

AQ 17.3 Identify and create a control plan for areas within the County prone to wind erosion of soil.

AQ 17.4 Adopt incentives, regulations and/or procedures to manage paved and unpaved roads and parking lots so they produce the minimum practicable level of particulates. 13 4-136

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background AQ 17.5 Adopt incentives and/or procedures to limit dust from agricultural lands and operations, where applicable.

AQ 17.6 Reduce emissions from building materials and methods that generate excessive pollutants, through incentives and/or regulations.

2.2 Greenhouse Gas Regulatory Setting

2.2.1 International
Many countries around the globe have made an effort to reduce GHGs since climate change is a global issue.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In 1988, the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human -induced climate change, its potential impacts, and options for adaptation and mitigation.

United Nations. The United States participates in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (signed on March 21, 1994). Under the Convention, governments gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions, national policies, and best practices; launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries; and cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change.

The 2014 UN Climate Change Conference in Lima Peru provided a unique opportunity to engage all countries to assess how developed countries are implementing actions to reduce emissions.

Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is a treaty made under the UNFCCC and was the first international agreement to regulate GHG emissions. It has been estimated that if the commitments outlined in the Kyoto Protocol are met, global GHG emissions could be reduced by an estimated 5 percent from 1990 levels during the first commitment period of 2008 — 2012 (UNFCCC 1997). On December 8, 2012, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted. The amendment includes: New commitments for Annex I Parties to the Kyoto Protocol who agreed to take on commitments in a second commitment period from 2013 — 2020; a revised list of greenhouse gases (GHG) to be reported on by Parties in the second commitment period; and Amendments to several articles of the Kyoto Protocol which specifically referenced issues pertaining to the first commitment period and which needed to be updated for the second commitment period.

2.2.2 National
Greenhouse Gas Endangerment. On December 2, 2009, the EPA announced that GHGs threaten the public health and welfare of the American people. The EPA also states that GHG emissions from on - road vehicles contribute to that threat. The decision was based on Massachusetts v. EPA (Supreme 14 4-137

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background Court Case 05-1120) which argued that GHGs are air pollutants covered by the Clean Air Act and that the EPA has authority to regulate those emissions.

Clean Vehicles. Congress first passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy law in 1975 to increase the fuel economy of cars and light duty trucks. The law has become more stringent over time. On May 19, 2009, President Obama put in motion a new national policy to increase fuel economy for all new cars and trucks sold in the United States. On April 1, 2010, the EPA and the Department of Transportation's National Highway Safety Administration announced a joint final rule establishing a national program that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel economy for new cars and trucks sold in the United States.

The first phase of the national program would apply to passenger cars, light -duty trucks, and medium - duty passenger vehicles, covering model years 2012 through 2016. They require these vehicles to meet an estimated combined average emissions level of 250 grams of carbon dioxide per mile, equivalent to 35.5 miles per gallon if the automobile industry were to meet this carbon dioxide level solely through fuel economy improvements. Together, these standards would cut carbon dioxide emissions by an estimated 960 million metric tons and 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the lifetime of the vehicles sold under the program (model years 2012-2016). The second phase of the national program would involve proposing new fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards for model years 2017 — 2025 by September 1, 2011.

On October 25, 2010, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation proposed the first national standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty trucks and buses. For combination tractors, the agencies are proposing engine and vehicle standards that begin in the 2014 model year and achieve up to a 20 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption by the 2018 model year. For heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans, the agencies are proposing separate gasoline and diesel truck standards, which phase in starting in the 2014 model year and achieve up to a 10 percent reduction for gasoline vehicles and 15 percent reduction for diesel vehicles by 2018 model year (12 and 17 percent respectively if accounting for air conditioning leakage).

Lastly, for vocational vehicles, the agencies are proposing engine and vehicle standards starting in the 2014 model year which would achieve up to a 10 percent reduction in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by 2018 model year.

Issued by NHTSA and EPA in March 2020 (published on April 30, 2020 and effective after June 29, 2020), the Safer Affordable Fuel -Efficient Vehicles Rule would maintain the CAFE and CO2 standards applicable in model year 2020 for model years 2021 through 2026. The estimated CAFE and CO2 standards for model year 2020 are 43.7 mpg and 204 grams of CO2 per mile for passenger cars and

31.3 mpg and 284 grams of CO2 per mile for light trucks, projecting an overall industry average of 37 mpg, as compared to 46.7 mpg under the standards issued in 2012. This Rule also excludes CO2- 15 4-138

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background equivalent emission improvements associated with air conditioning refrigerants and leakage (and, optionally, offsets for nitrous oxide and methane emissions) after model year 2020.1 Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. On January 1, 2010, the EPA started requiring large emitters of heat -trapping emissions to begin collecting GHG data under a new reporting system. Under the rule, suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial greenhouse gases, manufacturers of vehicles and engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of greenhouse gas emissions are required to submit annual reports to the EPA.

Climate Adaption Plan. The EPA Plan identifies priority actions the Agency will take to incorporate considerations of climate change into its programs, policies, rules and operations to ensure they are effective under future climatic conditions. The following link provides more information on the EPA Plan: https://www.epa.gov/arc-x/planning-climate-change-adaptation

2.2.3 California
California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 6. CCR Title 24, Part 6: California's Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (Title 24) were first established in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption. The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. Although it was not originally intended to reduce GHG emissions, electricity production by fossil fuels results in GHG emissions and energy efficient buildings require less electricity. Therefore, increased energy efficiency results in decreased GHG emissions.

The Energy Commission adopted 2008 Standards on April 23, 2008 and Building Standards Commission approved them for publication on September 11, 2008. These updates became effective on August 1, 2009. 2013, 2016, and 2019 standards have been approved and became effective July 1, 2014, January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2020, respectively.

California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 11. All buildings for which an application for a building permit is submitted on or after January 1, 2020 must follow the 2019 standards. Energy efficient buildings require less electricity; therefore, increased energy efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. The following links provide more information on Title 24, Part 11:
https://www.dgs.ca.gov/BSC/Codes
https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-03/Title 24 2019 Building Standards FAQ ada.pdf California Green Building Standards On January 12, 2010, the State Building Standards Commission unanimously adopted updates to the California Green Building Standards Code, which went into effect 'National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2018. Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 165 / Friday, August 24, 2018 / Proposed Rules, The Safer Affordable Fuel -Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks 2018. Available at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-08-24/pdf/2018-16820.pdf . 16 4-139

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background on January 1, 2011. The Housing and Community Development (HCD) updated CALGreen through the 2015 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle, during the 2016 to 2017 fiscal year. During the 2019-2020 fiscal year, the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) updated CALGreen through the 2019 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle.

The Code is a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial and school buildings. CCR Title 24, Part 11: California Green Building Standards (Title 24) became effective in 2001 in response to continued efforts to reduce GHG emissions associated with energy consumption. CCR Title 24, Part 11 now require that new buildings reduce water consumption, employ building commissioning to increase building system efficiencies, divert construction waste from landfills, and install low pollutant -emitting finish materials. One focus of CCR Title 24, Part 11 is water conservation measures, which reduce GHG emissions by reducing electrical consumption associated with pumping and treating water. CCR Title 24, Part 11 has approximately 52 nonresidential mandatory measures and an additional 130 provisions for optional use. Some key mandatory measures for commercial occupancies include specified parking for clean air vehicles, a 20 percent reduction of potable water use within buildings, a 50 percent construction waste diversion from landfills, use of building finish materials that emit low levels of volatile organic compounds, and commissioning for new, nonresidential buildings over 10,000 square feet.

The 2019 CalGreen Code includes the following changes and/or additional regulations:

Single-family homes built with the 2019 standards will use about 7 percent less energy due to energy efficiency measures versus those built under the 2016 standards. Once rooftop solar electricity generation is factored in, homes built under the 2019 standards will use about 53 percent less energy than those under the 2016 standards. Nonresidential buildings will use about 30 percent less energy due mainly to lighting upgrades2.

HCD modified the best management practices for stormwater pollution prevention adding Section

5.106.2 for projects that disturb one or more acres of land. This section requires projects that disturb one acre or more of land or less than one acre of land but are part of a larger common plan of development or sale must comply with the post -construction requirement detailed in the applicable National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activities issued by the State Water Resources Control Board. The NPDES permits require post -construction runoff (post -project hydrology) to match the preconstruction runoff pre -project hydrology) with installation of post -construction stormwater management measures.

HCD added sections 5.106.4.1.3 and 5.106.4.1.5 in regards to bicycle parking. Section 5.106.4.1.3 requires new buildings with tenant spaces that have 10 or more tenant -occupants, provide secure z https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/title24/2019standards/documents/2018_Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ.pdf 4-140
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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background bicycle parking for 5 percent of the tenant -occupant vehicular parking spaces with a minimum of one bicycle parking facility. In addition, Section 5.106.4.1.5 states that acceptable bicycle parking facility for Sections 5.106.4.1.2 through 5.106.4.1.4 shall be convenient from the street and shall meeting one of the following: (1) covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles; (2) lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks; or (3) lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers.

HCD amended section 5.106.5.3.5 allowing future charging spaces to qualify as designated parking for clean air vehicles.

HCD updated section 5.303.3.3 in regards to showerhead flow rates. This update reduced the flow rate to 1.8 GPM.

HCD amended section 5.304.1 for outdoor potable water use in landscape areas and repealed sections

5.304.2 and 5.304.3. The update requires nonresidential developments to comply with a local water efficient landscape ordinance or the current California Department of Water Resource's' Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), whichever is more stringent. Some updates were also made in regards to the outdoor potable water use in landscape areas for public schools and community colleges.

HCD updated Section 5.504.5.3 in regards to the use of MERV filters in mechanically ventilated buildings. This update changed the filter use from MERV 8 to MERV 13.

The California Green Building Standards Code does not prevent a local jurisdiction from adopting a more stringent code as state law provides methods for local enhancements. The Code recognizes that many jurisdictions have developed existing construction and demolition ordinances, and defers to them as the ruling guidance provided they provide a minimum 50-percent diversion requirement. The code also provides exemptions for areas not served by construction and demolition recycling infrastructure. State building code provides the minimum standard that buildings need to meet in order to be certified for occupancy. Enforcement is generally through the local building official. The following link provides more on CalGreen Building Standards:
http://www.bsc.ca.gov/Home/CALGreen.aspx
Executive Order S-3-05. California Governor issued Executive Order S-3-05, GHG Emission, in June 2005, which established the following targets:
• By 2010, California shall reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; • By 2020, California shall reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels. • By 2050, California shall reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels.

The executive order directed the secretary of the California Environmental Protection Agency (CaIEPA) to coordinate a multi -agency effort to reduce GHG emissions to the target levels. To comply with the Executive Order, the secretary of CaIEPA created the California Climate Action Team (CAT), made up of 18 4-141

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background members from various state agencies and commissions. The team released its first report in March 2006. The report proposed to achieve the targets by building on the voluntary actions of businesses, local governments, and communities and through State incentive and regulatory programs.

Executive Order S-01-07. Executive Order S-1-07 was issued in 2007 and proclaims that the transportation sector is the main source of GHG emissions in the State, since it generates more than 40 percent of the State's GHG emissions. It establishes a goal to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels sold in the State by at least ten percent by 2020. This Order also directs CARB to determine whether this Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) could be adopted as a discrete early -action measure as part of the effort to meet the mandates in AB 32.

On April 23, 2009 CARB approved the proposed regulation to implement the low carbon fuel standard and began implementation on January 1, 2011. The low carbon fuel standard is anticipated to reduce GHG emissions by about 16 MMT per year by 2020. CARB approved some amendments to the LCFS in December 2011, which were implemented on January 1, 2013. In September 2015, the Board approved the re -adoption of the LCFS, which became effective on January 1, 2016, to address procedural deficiencies in the way the original regulation was adopted. In 2018, the Board approved amendments to the regulation, which included strengthening and smoothing the carbon intensity benchmarks through 2030 in -line with California's 2030 GHG emission reduction target enacted through SB 32, adding new crediting opportunities to promote zero emission vehicle adoption, alternative jet fuel, carbon capture and sequestration, and advanced technologies to achieve deep decarbonization in the transportation sector.

The LCFS is designed to encourage the use of cleaner low -carbon transportation fuels in California, encourage the production of those fuels, and therefore, reduce GHG emissions and decrease petroleum dependence in the transportation sector. Separate standards are established for gasoline and diesel fuels and the alternative fuels that can replace each. The standards are "back -loaded", with more reductions required in the last five years, than the first five years. This schedule allows for the development of advanced fuels that are lower in carbon than today's fuels and the market penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and flexible fuel vehicles.

It is anticipated that compliance with the low carbon fuel standard will be based on a combination of both lower carbon fuels and more efficient vehicles.

Reformulated gasoline mixed with corn -derived ethanol at ten percent by volume and low sulfur diesel fuel represent the baseline fuels. Lower carbon fuels may be ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, or blends of these fuels with gasoline or diesel as appropriate. Compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas also may be low carbon fuels. Hydrogen and electricity, when used in fuel cells or electric vehicles are also considered as low carbon fuels for the low carbon fuel standard.

SB 97. Senate Bill 97 (SB 97) was adopted August 2007 and acknowledges that climate change is a prominent environmental issue that requires analysis under CEQA. SB 97 directed the Governor's Office of Planning and Research (OPR), which is part of the State Resource Agency, to prepare, develop, and transmit to CARB guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG 19 4-142

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background emissions, as required by CEQA, by July 1, 2009. The Resources Agency was required to certify and adopt those guidelines by January 1, 2010.

Pursuant to the requirements of SB 97 as stated above, on December 30, 2009 the Natural Resources Agency adopted amendments to the state CEQA guidelines that address GHG emissions. The CEQA Guidelines Amendments changed 14 sections of the CEQA Guidelines and incorporate GHG language throughout the Guidelines. However, no GHG emissions thresholds of significance are provided and no specific mitigation measures are identified. The GHG emission reduction amendments went into effect on March 18, 2010 and are summarized below:
• Climate action plans and other greenhouse gas reduction plans can be used to determine whether a project has significant impacts, based upon its compliance with the plan. • Local governments are encouraged to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of proposed projects, noting that they have the freedom to select the models and methodologies that best meet their needs and circumstances. The section also recommends consideration of several qualitative factors that may be used in the determination of significance, such as the extent to which the given project complies with state, regional, or local GHG reduction plans and policies. OPR does not set or dictate specific thresholds of significance. Consistent with existing CEQA Guidelines, OPR encourages local governments to develop and publish their own thresholds of significance for GHG impacts assessment.
• When creating their own thresholds of significance, local governments may consider the thresholds of significance adopted or recommended by other public agencies, or recommended by experts. • New amendments include guidelines for determining methods to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions in Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines. • OPR is clear to state that "to qualify as mitigation, specific measures from an existing plan must be identified and incorporated into the project; general compliance with a plan, by itself, is not mitigation."
• OPR's emphasizes the advantages of analyzing GHG impacts on an institutional, programmatic level. OPR therefore approves tiering of environmental analyses and highlights some benefits of such an approach.
• Environmental impact reports (EIRs) must specifically consider a project's energy use and energy efficiency potential.

AB 32. The California State Legislature enacted AB 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 requires that greenhouse gases emitted in California be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020. "Greenhouse gases" as defined under AB 32 include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. ARB is the state agency charged with monitoring and regulating sources of greenhouse gases. AB 32 states the following:

Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and the environment of California. The potential adverse impacts of global warming include the exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal 20 4-143

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health -related problems.

The ARB Board approved the 1990 greenhouse gas emissions level of 427 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2e) on December 6, 2007 (California Air Resources Board 2007).

Therefore, emissions generated in California in 2020 are required to be equal to or less than 427 MMTCO2e. Emissions in 2020 in a "business as usual" scenario are estimated to be 596 MMTCO2e.

Under AB 32, the ARB published its Final Expanded List of Early Action Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in California. Discrete early action measures are currently underway or are enforceable by January 1, 2010. The ARB has 44 early action measures that apply to the transportation, commercial, forestry, agriculture, cement, oil and gas, fire suppression, fuels, education, energy efficiency, electricity, and waste sectors. Of these early action measures, nine are considered discrete early action measures, as they are regulatory and enforceable by January 1, 2010.

The ARB estimates that the 44 recommendations are expected to result in reductions of at least 42 MMTCO2e by 2020, representing approximately 25 percent of the 2020 target.

The ARB's Climate Change Scoping Plan (Scoping Plan) contains measures designed to reduce the State's emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020 (California Air Resources Board 2008). The Scoping Plan identifies recommended measures for multiple greenhouse gas emission sectors and the associated emission reductions needed to achieve the year 2020 emissions target —each sector has a different emission reduction target. Most of the measures target the transportation and electricity sectors. As stated in the Scoping Plan, the key elements of the strategy for achieving the 2020 greenhouse gas target include:
• Expanding and strengthening existing energy efficiency programs as well as building and appliance standards;
• Achieving a statewide renewables energy mix of 33 percent; • Developing a California cap -and -trade program that links with other Western Climate Initiative partner programs to create a regional market system;
• Establishing targets for transportation -related greenhouse gas emissions for regions throughout California and pursuing policies and incentives to achieve those targets; • Adopting and implementing measures pursuant to existing State laws and policies, Including California's clean car standards, goods movement measures, and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard; and
• Creating targeted fees, including a public goods charge on water use, fees on high global warming potential gases, and a fee to fund the administrative costs of the State's long-term commitment to AB 32 implementation.

In addition, the Scoping Plan differentiates between "capped" and "uncapped" strategies. "Capped" strategies are subject to the proposed cap -and -trade program. The Scoping Plan states that the inclusion of these emissions within the cap -and trade program will help ensure that the year 2020 21 4-144

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background emission targets are met despite some degree of uncertainty in the emission reduction estimates for any individual measure. Implementation of the capped strategies is calculated to achieve a sufficient amount of reductions by 2020 to achieve the emission target contained in AB 32. "Uncapped" strategies that will not be subject to the cap -and -trade emissions caps and requirements are provided as a margin of safety by accounting for additional greenhouse gas emission reductions.4 Senate Bill 100. Senate Bill 100 (SB 100) requires 100 percent of total retail sales of electricity in California to come from eligible renewable energy resources and zero -carbon resources by December 31, 2045. SB 100 was adopted September 2018.

The interim thresholds from prior Senate Bills and Executive Orders would also remain in effect. These include Senate Bill 1078 (SB 1078), which requires retail sellers of electricity, including investor -owned utilities and community choice aggregators, to provide at least 20 percent of their supply from renewable sources by 2017. Senate Bill 107 (SB 107) which changed the target date to 2010. Executive Order S-14-08, which was signed on November 2008 and expanded the State's Renewable Energy Standard to 33 percent renewable energy by 2020. Executive Order S-21-09 directed the CARB to adopt regulations by July 31, 2010 to enforce S-14-08. Senate Bill X1-2 codifies the 33 percent renewable energy requirement by 2020.

SB 375. Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) was adopted September 2008 and aligns regional transportation planning efforts, regional GHG emission reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) to adopt a sustainable communities strategy (SCS) or alternate planning strategy (APS) that will prescribe land use allocation in that MPOs Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). CARE, in consultation with each MPO, will provide each affected region with reduction targets for GHGs emitted by passenger cars and light trucks in the region for the years 2020 and 2035. These reduction targets will be updated every eight years but can be updated every four years if advancements in emissions technologies affect the reduction strategies to achieve the targets. CARB is also charged with reviewing each MPO's sustainable communities strategy or alternate planning strategy for consistency with its assigned targets.

The proposed project is located within the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), which has authority to develop the SCS or APS. For the SCAG region, the targets set by CARB are at eight percent below 2005 per capita GHG emissions levels by 2020 and 13 percent below 2005 per capita GHG emissions levels by 2035. On April 4, 2012, SCAG adopted the 2012-2035 Regional Transportation Plan / Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), which meets the CARB emission reduction requirements.

On September 3, 2020, SCAG's Regional Council approved and fully adopted the Connect SoCal (2020- 2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy), and the addendum to the Connect SoCal Program Environmental Impact Report. Connect SoCal is a long-range visioning plan that builds upon and expands land use and transportation strategies established over several planning cycles to increase mobility options and achieve a more sustainable growth pattern. Connect SoCal outlines more than $638 billion in transportation system investments through 2045. Connect SoCal is supported by a combination of transportation and land use strategies that help the region achieve 22 4-145

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background state greenhouse gas emission reduction goals and federal Clean Air Act requirements, preserve open space areas, improve public health and roadway safety, support our vital goods movement industry and utilize resources more efficiently. By integrating the Forecasted Development Pattern with a suite of financially constrained transportation investments, Connect SoCal can reach the regional target of reducing greenhouse gases, or GHGs, from autos and light -duty trucks by 8 percent per capita by 2020, and 19 percent by 2035 (compared to 2005 levels).

City and County land use policies, including General Plans, are not required to be consistent with the RTP and associated SCS or APS. However, new provisions of CEQA would incentivize, through streamlining and other provisions, qualified projects that are consistent with an approved SCS or APS and categorized as "transit priority projects."
Assembly Bill 939, Assembly Bill 341, and Senate Bill 1374. Assembly Bill 939 (AB 939) requires that each jurisdiction in California to divert at least 50 percent of its waste away from landfills, whether through waste reduction, recycling or other means. AB 341 requires at least 75 percent of generated waste be source reduced, recycled, or composted by the year 2020. Senate Bill 1374 (SB 1374) requires the California Integrated Waste Management Board to adopt a model ordinance by March 1, 2004 suitable for adoption by any local agency to require 50 to 75 percent diversion of construction and demolition of waste materials from landfills.

Executive Order S-13-08. Executive Order S-13-08 indicates that "climate change in California during the next century is expected to shift precipitation patterns, accelerate sea level rise and increase temperatures, thereby posing a serious threat to California's economy, to the health and welfare of its population and to its natural resources." Pursuant to the requirements in the order, the 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy (California Natural Resource Agency 2009) was adopted, which is the "... first statewide, multi -sector, region -specific, and information -based climate change in California, identifying and exploring strategies to adapt to climate change, and specifying a direction for future research.

Executive Order B-30-15. Executive Order B-30-15, establishing a new interim statewide greenhouse gas emission reduction target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, was signed by Governor Brown in April 2015.

Executive Order B-29-15. Executive Order B-29-15, mandates a statewide 25% reduction in potable water usage and was signed into law on April 1, 2015.

Executive Order B-37-16. Executive Order B-37-16, continuing the State's adopted water reduction, was signed into law on May 9, 2016. The water reduction builds off the mandatory 25% reduction called for in EO B-29-15.

Executive Order N-79-20. Executive Order N-79-20 was signed into law on September 23, 2020 and mandates 100 percent of in -state sales of new passenger cars and trucks be zero -emission by 2035; 100 percent of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in the state be zero -emission vehicles by 2045 for all 23 4-146

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background operations where feasible and by 2035 for drayage trucks; and to transition to 100 percent zero - emission off -road vehicles and equipment by 2035 where feasible.

2.2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District
The Project is within the Salton Sea Air Basin, which is under the jurisdiction of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). SCAQMD Regulation XXVII currently includes three rules:
• The purpose of Rule 2700 is to define terms and post global warming potentials. • The purpose of Rule 2701, SoCal Climate Solutions Exchange, is to establish a voluntary program to encourage, quantify, and certify voluntary, high quality certified greenhouse gas emission reductions in the SCAQMD.
• Rule 2702, Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program, was adopted on February 6, 2009. The purpose of this rule is to create a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program for greenhouse gas emission reductions in the SCAQMD. The SCAQMD will fund projects through contracts in response to requests for proposals or purchase reductions from other parties.

SCAQMD Threshold Development
The SCAQMD has established recommended significance thresholds for greenhouse gases for local lead agency consideration ("SCAQMD draft local agency threshold"). SCAQMD has published a five -tiered draft GHG threshold which includes a 10,000 metric ton of CO2e per year for stationary/industrial sources and 3,000 metric tons of CO2e per year significance threshold for residential/commercial projects (South Coast Air Quality Management District 2010c). Tier 3 is anticipated to be the primary tier by which the SCAQMD will determine significance for projects. The Tier 3 screening level for stationary sources is based on an emission capture rate of 90 percent for all new or modified projects.

A 90-precent emission capture rate means that 90 percent of total emissions from all new or modified stationary source projects would be subject to CEQA analysis. The 90-percent capture rate GHG significance screening level in Tier 3 for stationary sources was derived using the SCAQMD's annual Emissions Reporting Program.

The current draft thresholds consist of the following tiered approach:
• Tier 1 consists of evaluating whether or not the project qualifies for any applicable exemption under CEQA.
• Tier 2 consists of determining whether or not the project is consistent with a greenhouse gas reduction plan. If a project is consistent with a qualifying local greenhouse gas reduction plan, it does not have significant greenhouse gas emissions.
• Tier 3 consists of screening values, which the lead agency can choose but must be consistent. A project's construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and are added to a project's operational emissions. If a project's emissions are under one of the following screening thresholds, then the project is less than significant:
— All land use types: 3,000 MTCO2e per year
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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background — Based on land use types: residential is 3,500 MTCO2e per year; commercial is 1,400 MTCO2e per year; and mixed use is 3,000 MTCO2e per year
• Tier 4 has the following options:
— Option 1: Reduce emissions from business as usual by a certain percentage; this percentage is currently undefined
— Option 2: Early implementation of applicable AB 32 Scoping Plan measures — Option 3: Year 2020 target for service populations (SP), which includes residents and employees: 4.8 MTCO2e/SP/year for projects and 6.6 MTCO2e/SP/year for plans; — Option 3, 2035 target: 3.0 MTCO2e/SP/year for projects and 4.1 MTCO2e/SP/year for plans • Tier 5 involves mitigation offsets to achieve target significance threshold.

2.2.5 Local
County of Riverside Climate Action Plan
The County of Riverside's Climate Action Plan Update (CAP) was completed in November 2019. The CAP Update describes Riverside County's GHG emissions for the year 2017, projects how these emissions will increase into 2020, 2030, and 2050, and includes strategies to reduce emissions to a level consistent with the State of California's emissions reduction targets. The CAP Update sets a target to reduce community -wide GHG emission emissions by 15 percent from 2008 levels by 2020, 49 percent by 2030, and 83 percent by 2050.

Appendix D of the Riverside County CAP Update also states that project's that do not exceed the CAP's screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are considered to have less than significant GHG emissions and are in compliance with the County's CAP Update. Therefore, to determine whether the project's GHG emissions are significant, this analysis uses the County of Riverside CAP Update screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year for all land use types. Projects that do not exceed emissions of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are also required to include the following efficiency measures:
• Energy efficiency matching or exceeding the Title 24 requirements in effect as of January 2017, and
• Water conservation measures that matches the California Green Building Code in effect as of January 2017.

Projects that exceed emissions of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are also required to use Screening Tables.

Projects that garner at least 100 points will be consistent with the reduction quantities anticipated in the County's CAP Update. Consistent with CEQA Guidelines, such projects would be determined to have a less than significant individual and cumulative impact for GHG emissions. Those projects that do not garner 100 points using the Screening Tables will need to provide additional analysis to determine the significance of GHG emissions.

In order to meet the state-wide efficiency metric targets, the CAP must demonstrate that it can reduce community -wide emissions to 6.6 MT CO2e/SP (or 944,737 MT CO2e total based on an estimated 2020 25 4-148

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Regulatory Framework and Background service population of 143,142) by 2020 and 4.4 MT CO2e/SP (or 1,334,243 MT CO2e based on an estimated 2030 service population of 303,237) by 2030.

Therefore, to determine whether the project's GHG emissions are significant, this analysis uses the County of Riverside CAP Update and SCAQMD draft local agency tier 3 screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e.

The project will be subject to the latest requirements of the California Green Building and Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards (currently 2019) which would reduce project -related greenhouse gas emissions.
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3.0 Setting

3.1 Existing Physical Setting
The project site is located in the City of Rancho Mirage within the County of Riverside, which is part of the Salton Sea Air Basin (SSAB). The middle part of Riverside County (between San Gorgonio Pass and Joshua Tree National Monument), belongs in the Salton Sea Air Basin (SSAB), along with Imperial County. The SSAB portion of Riverside County is separated from the South Coast Air Basin region by the San Jacinto Mountains and from the Mojave Desert Air Basin to the east by the Little San Bernardino Mountains.

3.1.1 Local Climate and Meteorology
During the summer, the SSAB is generally influenced by a Pacific Subtropical High Cell that sits off the coast, inhibiting cloud formation and encouraging daytime solar heating. The SSAB is rarely influenced by cold air masses moving south from Canada and Alaska, as these systems are weak and diffuse by the time they reach the desert. Most desert moisture arrives from infrequent warm, moist, and unstable air masses from the south. The SSAB averages between three and seven inches of precipitation per yea r.

The Coachella Valley is a geographically and meteorologically unique area wholly contained within the Salton Sea Air Basin. The region is currently impacted by significant air pollution levels caused by the transport of pollutants from coastal air basins to the west, primarily ozone, and locally generated PM10. The mountains surrounding the region isolate the Valley from coastal influences and create a hot and dry low-lying desert (see Table 3). As the desert heats up it draws cooler coastal air through the narrow San Gorgonio Pass, generating strong and sustained winds that cross the fluvial (water caused) and aeolian (wind) erosion zones in the Valley. These strong winds suspend and transport large quantities of sand and dust, reducing visibility, damaging property, and constituting a significant health threat.

The temperature and precipitation levels for the City of Palm Springs, closest monitoring station to the project site, are in Table 3. Table 3 shows that July is typically the warmest month and December is typically the coolest month. Rainfall in the project area varies considerably in both time and space.

Almost all the annual rainfall comes from the fringes of mid -latitude storms from late November to early April, with summers being almost completely dry.

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Table 3: Meteorological Summary
Month
Temperature (7)
Average Precipitation
(inches)
Average High
Average Low
January

69.6 42.1

1.14 February

73.6 45.3

1.02 March

79.4 48.6

0.59 April

86.9 54

0.17 May

94.4 60.2

0.05 June
103.1

66.7 0.06
July
108.3

74.8 0.2
August
106.9

74.2 0.3
September
101.8

67.9 0.34
October

91.6 59.2

0.26 November

78.7 48.8

0.47 December

70.1 42.1

0.93 Annual Average

88.7 57

5.53 Notes:
'Source: https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pI?caplms+sca

3.1.2 Local Air Quality
The SCAQMD is divided into 38 air -monitoring areas with a designated ambient air monitoring station representative of each area. The project site is located in the City of Rancho Mirage within the County of Riverside in the Coachella Valley (Area 30). The nearest air monitoring station to the project site is the Palm Springs - Fire Station (Palm Springs Station) approximately 10 miles northwest of the site.

However, this location does not provide all ambient weather data. Therefore, additional data was pulled from the SCAQMD historical data for the Coachella Valley Area (Area 30) for both sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide to provide the existing levels. Table 4 presents the monitored pollutant levels within the vicinity. However, it should be noted that due to the air monitoring station distance from the project site, recorded air pollution levels at the air monitoring station reflect with varying degrees of accuracy, local air quality conditions at the project site.

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Table 4: Local Area Air Quality Levels from Palm Springs Air Monitoring Station' Year
Pollutant (Standard)'
20181
2019
2020
Ozone:

Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm)

0.111

0.100

0.119
Days > CAAQS (0.09 ppm)
11 5
9 Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm)

0.099

0.084

0.094
Days > NAAQS (0.07 ppm)
56 34
49 Days > CAAQS (0.070 ppm)
58 39
53 Carbon Monoxide:

Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm)

1.1 1.3

0.8 Days > NAAQS (20 ppm)
0 0
0 Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm)

0.8 0.7

0.5 Days > NAAQS (9 ppm)
0 0
0 Nitrogen Dioxide:

Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm)

0.043

0.041

0.047
Days > NAAQS (0.25 ppm)
0 0
0 Sulfur Dioxide:'
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm)
-
-
-
Days > CAAQS (0.25 ppm)
-
-
-
Inhalable Particulates (PM10):

Maximum 24-Hour Concentration (ug/m')
422.3

75.6 129.8
Days > NAAQS (150 ug/m3)
2 0
Days > CAAQS (50 ug/m3)
0 6
Annual Average (ug/m3)

22.9 20.7

23.2 Annual > NAAQS (50 ug/m3)
No
No
No
Annual > CAAQS (20 ug/m3)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ultra -Fine Particulates (PM2.5):

Maximum 24-Hour Concentration (ug/m3)

30.2 15.5

23.9 Days > NAAQS (35 ug/m3)
0 0
0 Annual Average (ug/m3)
6 6

6.4 Annual > NAAQS (15 ug/m3)
No
No
No
Annual > CAAQS (12 ug/m3)
No
No
No
1 Source: obtained from https://www.agmd.gov/home/air-quality/air-quality-data-studies/historical-data-by-year and /or https://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/topfour/topfourl.php .

Z CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standard; NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard; ppm = parts per million 3 No data available.

The monitoring data presented in Table 4 shows that ozone is the air pollutant of primary concern in the project area, which are detailed below.

Ozone
During the 2018 to 2020 monitoring period, the State 1-hour concentration standard for ozone has been exceeded between five and eleven days each year at the Palm Springs Station. The State 8-hour ozone standard has been exceeded between 39 and 58 days each year over the past three years at the Palm Springs Station. The Federal 8-hour ozone standard has been exceeded between 34 and 56 days each year over the past three years at the Palm Springs Station. 29 4-152

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Ozone is a secondary pollutant as it is not directly emitted. Ozone is the result of chemical reactions between other pollutants, most importantly hydrocarbons and NO2, which occur only in the presence of bright sunlight. Pollutants emitted from upwind cities react during transport downwind to produce the oxidant concentrations experienced in the area. Many areas of the SCAQMD contribute to the ozone levels experienced at the monitoring station, with the more significant areas being those directly upwind.

Carbon Monoxide
CO is another important pollutant that is due mainly to motor vehicles. During the 2018 to 2020 monitoring period, the Federal 1-hour and 8-hour concentration standards for CO were not exceeded.

Nitrogen Dioxide
During the 2018 to 2020 monitoring period, the Federal 1-hour concentration standard for Nitrogen Dioazide has not been exceeded.

Sulfur Dioxide
The Coachella Valley Area did not have SO2 data available for the last three years.

Particulate Matter
During the 2018 to 2020 monitoring period, the Palm Springs Station recorded two days of exceedance of the Federal 24-hour PM10 concentration standard and an exceedance in the State PM10annual average standard.

During the same period, the Palm Springs Station did not record an exceedance of the Federal 24-hour standard for PM2.5.

According to the EPA, some people are much more sensitive than others to breathing fine particles (PM10 and PM2.5). People with influenza, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and the elderly may suffer worsening illness and premature death due to breathing these fine particles. People with bronchitis can expect aggravated symptoms from breathing in fine particles. Children may experience decline in lung function due to breathing in PM10 and PM2.5. Other groups considered sensitive are smokers and people who cannot breathe well through their noses. Exercising athletes are also considered sensitive, because many breathe through their mouths during exercise.

3.1.3 Attainment Status
The EPA and the ARB designate air basins where ambient air quality standards are exceeded as "nonattainment" areas. If standards are met, the area is designated as an "attainment" area. If there is inadequate or inconclusive data to make a definitive attainment designation, they are considered "unclassified." National nonattainment areas are further designated as marginal, moderate, serious, severe, or extreme as a function of deviation from standards. Each standard has a different definition, or 'form' of what constitutes attainment, based on specific air quality statistics. For example, the Federal 8-hour CO standard is not to be exceeded more than once per year; therefore, an area is in 30 4-153

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attainment of the CO standard if no more than one 8-hour ambient air monitoring values exceeds the threshold per year. In contrast, the federal annual PM2.5 standard is met if the three-year average of the annual average PM2.5 concentration is less than or equal to the standard. Table 5 lists the attainment status for the criteria pollutants in the basin.

Table 5: Coachella Valley Portion of the Salton Sea Air Basin Attainment Status National
Pollutant
Averaging Time
i
Standards
z
Attainment Date
z
California Standards
1 1-Hour
(0.12 ppm)
Attainment
11/15/2007
(Attained 12/31/2013)
Nonattainment
1-HourOzone'
1-Hour (0.09 ppm)
Nonattainment
2015
8-Hour
Pending - Expect
Pending
Nonattainment
8-Hour Ozone'
(0.070 ppm)
Nonattainment (Severe)
2008
8-Hour
Nonattainment
7/20/2027
8-Hour Ozone°
(0.075 ppm)
(Severe-15)
1997
8-Hour
Nonattainment
6/15/2019
8-Hour Ozone°
(0.08 ppm)
(Severe-15)
1-Hour (20 ppm)
8-hour (9.0 ppm)
_
Attainment
CO
1-Hour (35 ppm)
Unclassifiable/
N/A (attained)
8-Hour (9 ppm)
Attainment
1-hour (0.18 ppm) Annual
Attainment
(0.03 ppm)
NOz'
1-Hour (100 ppb)
Unclassifiable/
N/A (attained)
Annual (0.053 ppm)
Attainment
1-Hour (0.25 ppm)
Attainment
24-Hour (0.04 ppm)
S02$
1-Hour (75 ppb)
Designations Pending
N/A
24-Hour (0.14 ppm)
Unclassifiable/
Unclassifiable/Attainment
Annual (0.03 ppm)
Attainment
24-Hour (50 µg/m3) Annual
(20 50 µg/m3)
Nonattainment
PM106
24-Hour
Nonattainment
12/31/2006
(150 µg/m3)
(Serious)
Annual (12.0 µg/m3)
-
Attainment
PM2.55
24-Hour (35 µg/m3)
Unclassifiable/
N/A (attained)
Attainment
Lead
3-Months Rolling
Unclassifiable/
Unclassifiable/Attainment
Attainment
(0.15 µg/m3)
Attainment
N otes:
'Obtained from 2016 AQMP, SCAQMD, 2016. EPA often only declares Nonattainment areas; everywhere else is listed as Unclassified/Attainment or Unclassifiable.
z A design value below the NAAQS for data through the full year or smog season prior to the attainment date is typically required for attainment demonstration.
3 The 1979 1-hour ozone NAAQS (0.12 ppm) was revoked, effective 6/15/05; the Southeast Desert Modified Air Quality Management Area, including the Coachella Valley, had not timely attained this standard by the 11/15/07 "severe-17" deadline, based on 2005-2007 data; on 8/25/14, U.S. EPA proposed a clean data finding based on 2011-2013 data and a determination of attainment for the former 1-hour ozone NAAQS for the Southeast Desert nonattainment area; this rule was finalized by U.S. EPA on 4/15/15, effective 5/15/15, and included preliminary 2014 data 4 The 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS (0.075 ppm) was revised to 0.070 ppm, effective 12/28/15 with classifications and implementation goals to be finalized by 10/1/17; the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS (0.08 ppm) was revoked in the 2008 ozone NAAQS implementation rule, effective 4/6/15; there are continuing obligations under the 1997 and 2008 ozone NAAQS until they are attained 5The annual PM2.5 standard was revised on 1/15/13, effective 3/18/13, from 15 to 12 µg/m3 6 The annual PM10 standard was revoked, effective 12/18/06; the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS attainment deadline was 12/31/2006; the Coachella Valley Attainment Re -designation Request and PM10 Maintenance Plan was postponed by U.S. EPA pending additional monitoring and analysis in the southeastern Coachella Valley
' New 1-hour NO2 NAAQS became effective 8/2/30; attainment designations 1/20/12; annual NO2 NAAQS retained 8 The 1971 Annual and 24-hour S02 NAAQS were revoked, effective 8/23/10; however, these 1971 standards will remain in effect until one year after U.S. EPA promulgates area designations for the 2010 S02 1-hour standard; final area designations expected by 12/31/2020 with SSAB expected to be designated Unclassifiable/Attainment
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3.2 Greenhouse Gases
Constituent gases of the Earth's atmosphere, called atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), play a critical role in the Earth's radiation amount by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, which otherwise would have escaped to space. Prominent greenhouse gases contributing to this process include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone, water vapor, nitrous oxide (N20), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This phenomenon, known as the Greenhouse Effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate. Anthropogenic (caused or produced by humans) emissions of these greenhouse gases in excess of natural ambient concentrations are responsible for the enhancement of the Greenhouse Effect and have led to a trend of unnatural warming of the Earth's natural climate, known as global warming or climate change. Emissions of gases that induce global warming are attributable to human activities associated with industrial/manufacturing, agriculture, utilities, transportation, and residential land uses. Transportation is responsible for 41 percent of the State's greenhouse gas emissions, followed by electricity generation. Emissions of CO2 and nitrous oxide (NO2) are byproducts of fossil fuel combustion. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, results from off -gassing associated with agricultural practices and landfills. Sinks of CO2, where CO2 is stored outside of the atmosphere, include uptake by vegetation and dissolution into the ocean. Table 6 provides a description of each of the greenhouse gases and their global warming potential.

Additional information is available: https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm

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Table 6: Description of Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gas
Description and Physical Properties
Sources
Microbial processes in soil and water,
fuel combustion, and industrial
Nitrous oxide (N20),also known as laughing gas is a
processes. In addition to agricultural
Nitrous oxide
colorless gas. It has a lifetime of 114 years. Its global industrial
warming potential is 298.
sources, some processes
(nylon production, nitric acid
production) also emit N20.

A natural source of CH4 is from the
decay of organic matter. Methane is
Methane (CH4) is a flammable gas and is the main
extracted from geological deposits
Methane
component of natural gas. It has a lifetime of 12 years. (natural gas fields). Other sources are
Its global warming potential is 25.
from the decay of organic material in
landfills, fermentation of manure, and
cattle farming.

Natural sources include decomposition
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless, natural of dead organic matter; respiration of
greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide's global warming
bacteria, plants, animals, and fungus;
Carbon dioxide
potential is 1. The concentration in 2005 was 379 parts evaporation from oceans; and volcanic
per million (ppm), which is an increase of about 1.4
outgassing. Anthropogenic sources are
ppm per year since 1960.
from burning coal, oil, natural gas, and
wood.

CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable, insoluble, and
Chlorofluorocarbons were synthesized
chemically unreactive in the troposphere (the level of
in 1928 for use as refrigerants, aerosol
air at the earth's surface). They are gases formed
propellants, and cleaning solvents. They
Chlorofluorocarbons
synthetically by replacing all hydrogen atoms in
methane or methane with chlorine and/or fluorine
destroy stratospheric ozone, therefore
atoms. Global warming potentials range from 3,800 to
their production was stopped as
required by the Montreal Protocol.
8,100.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a group of greenhouse
Hydrofluorocarbons are synthetic
gases containing carbon, chlorine, and at least one
manmade chemicals used as a
Hydrofluorocarbons
substitute for chlorofluorocarbons in
hydrogen atom. Global warming potentials range from
applications such as automobile air
140 to 11,700.
conditioners and refrigerants.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have stable molecular
structures and only break down by ultraviolet rays
Two main sources of perfluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
about 60 kilometers above the Earth's surface. They
are primary aluminum production and
have a lifetime 10,000 to 50,000 years. They have a
semiconductor manufacturing.
global warming potential range of 6,200 to 9,500.

Sulfur hexafluoride (SFe) is an inorganic, odorless,
This gas is manmade and used for
insulation in electric power transmission
Sulfur
colorless, and nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It has a
equipment, in the magnesium industry,
hexafluoride
lifetime of 3,200 years. It has a high global warming
in semiconductor manufacturing, and as
potential, 23,900.
a tracer gas for leak detection.

Notes:

1. Sources: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014a and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014b. https://www.ipcc.ch/publications and data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html 33 4-156

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4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions

4.1 Construction
Typical emission rates from construction activities were obtained from CaIEEMod Version 2020.4.0 CalEEMod is a computer model published by the SCAQMD for estimating air pollutant emissions. The CalEEMod program uses the EMFAC2017 computer program to calculate the emission rates specific for the southwestern portion of Riverside County for construction -related employee vehicle trips and the OFFROAD2011 computer program to calculate emission rates for heavy truck operations. EMFAC2017 and OFFROAD2011 are computer programs generated by CARB that calculates composite emission rates for vehicles. Emission rates are reported by the program in grams per trip and grams per mile or grams per running hour. Using CaIEEMod, the peak daily air pollutant emissions were calculated and presented below. These emissions represent the highest level of emissions for each of the construction phases in terms of air pollutant emissions.

The analysis assesses the emissions associated with the construction of the proposed project as indicated in Table 1. Per the project owner, the proposed project is to be operational in 2023; therefore, construction is estimated to start no sooner than the first quarter of 2022 and be completed by 2023. The phases of the construction activities which have been analyzed below are: 1) grading, 2) building, 3) paving, and 4) architectural coating. For details on construction modeling and construction equipment for each phase, please see Appendix A.

The project will be required to comply with existing SCAQMD rules for the reduction of fugitive dust emissions. SCAQMD Rule 403 establishes these procedures. Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard best management practices in construction and operation activities, such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, managing haul road dust by application of water, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 mph, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph and establishing a permanent, stabilizing ground cover on finished sites. In addition, projects that disturb 50 acres or more of soil or move 5,000 cubic yards of materials per day are required to submit a Fugitive Dust Control Plan or a Large Operation Notification Form to SCAQMD.

Based on the size of the Project area (approximately 20.26 acres) and the fact that the project won't export more than 5,000 cubic yards of material a day a Fugitive Dust Control Plan or Large Operation Notification would not be required.

SCAQMD's Rule 403 minimum requirements require that the application of the best available dust control measures are used for all grading operations and include the application of water or other soil stabilizers in sufficient quantity to prevent the generation of visible dust plumes. Compliance with Rule 403 would require the use of water trucks during all phases where earth moving operations would occur. Compliance with Rule 403 is required.
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4.2 Operations
Operational or long-term emissions occur over the life of the Project. Both mobile and area sources generate operational emissions. Area source emissions arise from consumer product usage, heaters that consume natural gas, gasoline -powered landscape equipment, and architectural coatings (painting). Mobile source emissions from motor vehicles are the largest single long-term source of air pollutants from the operation of the Project. Small amounts of emissions would also occur from area sources such as the consumption of natural gas for heating, hearths, from landscaping emissions, and consumer product usage. The operational emissions were estimated using the latest version of CalEEMod.

Mobile Sources
Mobile sources include emissions from the additional vehicle miles generated from the proposed project. The vehicle trips associated with the proposed project are based upon the trip generation rates give in the Traffic Scoping Agreement (Integrated Engineering Group) which uses the ITE 10th Trip Generation Manual.

The program then applies the emission factors for each trip which is provided by the EMFAC2017 model to determine the vehicular traffic pollutant emissions. The CalEEMod default trip lengths were used in this analysis. Please see CalEEMod output comments sections in Appendix A and B for details.

Area Sources
Area sources include emissions from consumer products, landscape equipment and architectural coatings. Landscape maintenance includes fuel combustion emissions from equipment such as lawn mowers, rototillers, shredders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chain saws, and hedge trimmers, as well as air compressors, generators, and pumps. As specifics were not known about the landscaping equipment fleet, CalEEMod defaults were used to estimate emissions from landscaping equipment.

Per SCAQMD Rule 1113 as amended on June 3, 2011, the architectural coatings that would be applied after January 1, 2014 will be limited to an average of 50 grams per liter or less for buildings and 100 grams per liter or less for parking lot striping; however, no changes were made to the CalEEMod architectural coating default values.

Energy Usage
2020.4.0 CalEEMod defaults were utilized.

4.3 Localized Construction Analysis
The SCAQMD has published a "Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds" (South Coast Air Quality Management District 2011b). CalEEMod calculates construction emissions based on the number of equipment hours and the maximum daily disturbance activity possible for each piece of equipment. In order to compare CalEEMod reported emissions against the localized significance threshold lookup tables, the CEQA document should contain in its project design features or its mitigation measures the following parameters:
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1. The off -road equipment list (including type of equipment, horsepower, and hours of operation) assumed for the day of construction activity with maximum emissions.

2. The maximum number of acres disturbed on the peak day.

3. Any emission control devices added onto off -road equipment.

4. Specific dust suppression techniques used on the day of construction activity with maximum emissions.

The construction equipment showing the equipment associated with the maximum area of disturbance is shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Construction Equipment Assumptions'
Activity
Equipment
Number
Acres/8hr-day
Total Acres
Excavators
2 0.5

1.0 Graders
1 0.5

0.5 Grading
Rubber Tired Dozers
1 0.5

0.5 Scrapers
2 0.5

1.0 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
2 0.5

1.0 Total Per Phase

4.0 Notes:
1 Source: CaIEEMod output and South Coast AQMD, Fact Sheet for Applying CaIEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds. http://www.agmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance-thresholds/caleemod-guidance.pdf?sfvrsn=2 As shown in Table 7, the maximum number of acres disturbed in a day would be 4.0 acres during grading.

The local air quality emissions from construction were analyzed using the SCAQMD's Mass Rate Localized Significant Threshold Look -up Tables and the methodology described in Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, prepared by SCAQMD, revised July 2008. The Look -up Tables were developed by the SCAQMD in order to readily determine if the daily emissions of CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 from the proposed project could result in a significant impact to the local air quality. The emission thresholds were based on the Coachella Valley source receptor area (SRA 30) and a disturbance of 2 acres per day, to be conservative, at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet).

4.4 Localized Operational Analysis
For operational emissions, the screening tables for a disturbance area of 2 acres per day, to be conservative, and a distance of 25 meters were used to determine significance. The tables were compared to the project's onsite operational emissions. 36 4-159

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5.0 Thresholds of Significance

5.1 Air Quality Thresholds of Significance

5.1.1 CEQA Guidelines for Air Quality
The CEQA Guidelines define a significant effect on the environment as "a substantial, or potentially substantial, adverse change in the environment." To determine if a project would have a significant impact on air quality, the type, level, and impact of emissions generated by the project must be evaluated.

The following air quality significance thresholds are contained in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. A significant impact would occur if the project would:
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable national or state ambient air quality standard; c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; or d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people.

While the final determination of whether a project is significant is within the purview of the Lead Agency pursuant to Section 15064(b) of the CEQA Guidelines, SCAQMD recommends that its quantitative air pollution thresholds be used to determine the significance of project emissions. If the Lead Agency finds that the project has the potential to exceed these air pollution thresholds, the project should be considered to have significant air quality impacts. There are daily emission thresholds for construction and operation of a proposed project in the basin.

5.1.2 Regional Significance Thresholds for Construction Emissions The following CEQA significance thresholds for construction emissions are established for the Basin:
0 75 pounds per day (Ibs/day) of VOC • 150 Ibs/day of PM10 • 100 Ibs/day of NOX • 55 Ibs/day of PM2.5
• 550 Ibs/day of CO • 150 Ibs/day of S02
Projects in the basin with construction -related emissions that exceed any of the emission thresholds are considered to be significant under SCAQMD guidelines.

5.1.3 Regional Significance Thresholds for Operational Emissions The daily operational emissions significance thresholds for the basin are as follows:
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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Thresholds of Significance
• 55 pounds per day (Ibs/day) of VOC • 150 Ibs/day of PM10 • 55 Ibs/day of NO,, • 55 Ibs/day of PM2.5
• 550 Ibs/day of CO • 150 Ibs/day of SO2
Local Microscale Concentration Standards The significance of localized project impacts under CEQA depends on whether ambient CO levels in the vicinity of the project are above or below State and federal CO standards. If ambient levels are below the standards, a project is considered to have a significant impact if project emissions result in an exceedance of one or more of these standards. If ambient levels already exceed a State or federal standard, project emissions are considered significant if they increase 1-hour CO concentrations by 1.0 ppm or more or 8-hour CO concentrations by 0.45 ppm or more. The following are applicable local emission concentration standards for CO:
• California State 1-hour CO standard of 20.0 ppm
• California State 8-hour CO standard of 9.0 ppm

5.1.4 Thresholds for Localized Significance
Project -related construction air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the Salton Sea Air Basin. In order to assess local air quality impacts the SCAQMD has developed Localized Significant Thresholds (LSTs) to assess the project - related air emissions in the project vicinity. The SCAQMD has also provided Final Localized Significant Threshold Methodology (LST Methodology), June 2003, which details the methodology to analyze local air emission impacts. The Localized Significant Threshold Methodology found that the primary emissions of concern are NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5.

The emission thresholds were calculated based on the Perris Valley source receptor area (SRA 30) and a disturbance of 2 acres per day, to be conservative, at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet), for construction and 2 acres a day, to be conservative, for screening of localized operational emissions.

5.2 Greenhouse Gas Thresholds of Significance

5.2.1 CEQA Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas
CEQA Guidelines define a significant effect on the environment as "a substantial, or potentially substantial, adverse change in the environment." To determine if a project would have a significant impact on greenhouse gases, the type, level, and impact of emissions generated by the project must be evaluated.

The following greenhouse gas significance thresholds are contained in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, which were amendments adopted into the Guidelines on March 18, 2010, pursuant to SB 97. A significant impact would occur if the project would:
(a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment; or
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(b) Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.

However, despite this, currently neither the CEQA statutes, OPR guidelines, nor the draft proposed changes to the CEQA Guidelines prescribe thresholds of significance or a particular methodology for performing an impact analysis; as with most environmental topics, significance criteria are left to the judgment and discretion of the Lead Agency. As previously discussed (Section 2.2.4 of this report), SCAQMD has drafted interim GHG thresholds and the County of Riverside CAP Update has adopted a GHG threshold. The County of Riverside CAP Update screening threshold of 3,000 metric tons per year of CO2e was used in this analysis.

5.3 Toxic Air Contaminants
The threshold for toxic air contaminants (TACs) has a maximum incremental cancer risk of 10 per million and a non -cancer (acute and chronic) hazard index of 1.0 or greater. An exceedance to these values would be considered a significant impact.
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6.0 Air Quality Emissions Impact

6.1 Construction Air Quality Emissions Impact
The latest version of CalEEMod was used to estimate the onsite and offsite construction emissions. The emissions incorporate Rule 402 and 403. Rule 402 and 403 (fugitive dust) are not considered mitigation measures as the project by default is required to incorporate these rules during construction; however, these rules must be incorporated into the CalEEMod model as mitigation measures.

6.1.1 Regional Construction Emissions
The construction emissions for the project would not exceed the SCAQMD's daily emission thresholds at the regional level as demonstrated in Table 8, and therefore would be considered less than significant.

Table 8: Regional Significance - Construction Emissions (pounds/day) Activity
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)
VOC
NOx
CO
S02
PM10
PM2.5
Grading
On-Site2

3.62 38.84

29.04 0.06

5.22 2.93
Off-Site3

0.07 0.05

0.76 0.00

0.22 0.06
Total

3.70 38.90

29.80 0.06

5.45 2.99
Building Construction
On-Site2

1.71 15.62

16.36 0.03

0.81 0.76
Off-Site3

0.22 1.06

2.21 0.01

0.69 0.20
Total

1.92 16.67

18.58 0.04

1.50 0.96
Paving
On-Site2

1.36 10.19

14.58 0.02

0.51 0.47
Off -Site'

0.05 0.04

0.53 0.00

0.17 0.05
Total

1.41 10.23

15.11 0.02

0.68 0.51
Architectural Coating
On -Site'

6.79 1.30

1.81 0.00

0.07 0.07
Off-Site3

0.03 0.02

0.35 0.00

0.11 0.03
Total

6.83 1.33

2.16 0.00

0.18 0.10
Total of overlapping phases°

10.16 1 28.22
1 35.85
1 0.06
1 2.36
1 1.57
SCAQMD Thresholds
75 100
550
150
150
55 Exceeds Thresholds
No
No
No
No
No
No
Notes:
'Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0
On -site emissions from equipment operated on -site that is not operated on public roads. s Off -site emissions from equipment operated on public roads. ° Construction, architectural coatings and paving phases may overlap.

6.1.2 Localized Construction Emissions
The data provided in Table 9 shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the local emissions thresholds at the nearest sensitive receptors. Therefore, a less than significant local air quality impact would occur from construction of the proposed project. 4-163

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Table 9: Localized Significance — Construction
Phase
On -Site Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)'
NOx
CO
PM10
PM2.5
Grading

38.84 29.04

5.22 2.93
Building Construction

15.62 16.36

0.81 0.76
Paving

10.19 14.58

0.51 0.47
Architectural Coating

1.30 1.81

0.07 0.07
Total of overlapping phases

27.11 32.76

1.39 1.30
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82 feet) or leSS2
191
1 1,299
1 7
1 5
Notes:
' Source: Calculated from CaIEEMod and SCAQMD's Mass Rate Look -up Tables for two acres, to be conservative, in Coachella Valley Source Receptor Area (SRA 30). Project will disturb a maximum of 4.0 acres per day (see Table 7). 'The nearest sensitive receptor is located 35 meters east; therefore, the 25-meter threshold has been used.

6.1.3 Construction -Related Human Health Impacts
Regarding health effects related to criteria pollutant emissions, the applicable significance thresholds are established for regional compliance with the state and federal ambient air quality standards, which are intended to protect public health from both acute and long-term health impacts, depending on the potential effects of the pollutant. Because regional and local emissions of criteria pollutants during construction of the project would be below the applicable thresholds, it would not contribute to long- term health impacts related to nonattainment of the ambient air quality standards. Therefore, significant adverse acute health impacts as a result of project construction are not anticipated.

6.1.4 Odors
Potential sources that may emit odors during construction activities include the application of materials such as asphalt pavement. The objectionable odors that may be produced during the construction process are of short-term in nature and the odor emissions are expected cease upon the drying or hardening of the odor producing materials. Diesel exhaust and VOCs would be emitted during construction of the project, which are objectionable to some; however, emissions would disperse rapidly from the project site and therefore should not reach an objectionable level at the nearest sensitive receptors. Due to the short-term nature and limited amounts of odor producing materials being utilized, no significant impact related to odors would occur during construction of the proposed project.

The SCAQMD recommends that odor impacts be addressed in a qualitative manner. Such an analysis shall determine whether the project would result in excessive nuisance odors, as defined under the California Code of Regulations and Section 41700 of the California Health and Safety Code, and thus would constitute a public nuisance related to air quality.

Potential sources that may emit odors during the on -going operations of the proposed project would include odor emissions from vehicle emissions. Due to the distance of the nearest receptors from the project site and through compliance with SCAQMD's Rule 402 no significant impact related to odors would occur during the on -going operations of the proposed project. 41 4-164

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6.1.5 Construction -Related Toxic Air Contaminant Impact The greatest potential for toxic air contaminant emissions would be related to diesel particulate emissions associated with heavy equipment operations during construction of the proposed project.

The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has issued the Air Toxic Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines and Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Health Risk Assessments, February 2015 to provide a description of the algorithms, recommended exposure variates, cancer and noncancer health values, and the air modeling protocols needed to perform a health risk assessment (HRA) under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Information and Assessment Act of 1987.

Hazard identification includes identifying all substances that are evaluated for cancer risk and/or non - cancer acute, 8-hour, and chronic health impacts. In addition, identifying any multi -pathway substances that present a cancer risk or chronic non -cancer hazard via non -inhalation routes of exposure.

Given the relatively limited number of heavy-duty construction equipment and construction schedule, the proposed project would not result in a long-term substantial source of toxic air containment emissions and corresponding individual cancer risk. Furthermore, construction -based particulate matter (PM) emissions (including diesel exhaust emissions) do not exceed any local or regional thresholds. Therefore, no significant short-term toxic air contaminant impacts would occur during construction of the proposed project.

6.2 Operational Air Quality Emissions Impact

6.2.1 Regional Operational Emissions
The operations -related criteria air quality impacts created by the proposed project have been analyzed through the use of CaIEEMod model. The operating emissions were based on year 2024, which is the anticipated opening year for the project per the Traffic Scoping Agreement (Integrated Engineering Group). The summer and winter emissions created by the proposed project's long-term operations were calculated and the highest emissions from either summer or winter are summarized in Table 10.

Table 10: Regional Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions (lbs/day) Activity
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)'
voc
NOx
c0
S02
PM10
PM2.5
Area Sources'

2.78 0.20

5.32 0.01

0.69 0.69
Energy Usage'

0.01 0.06

0.03 0.00

0.01 0.01
Mobile Sources'

0.26 0.31

2.70 0.01

0.62 0.17
Total Emissions

3.05 0.57

8.05 0.02

1.32 0.87
SCAQMD Thresholds
55 55
550
150
150
55 Exceeds Threshold?
No
No
No
No
No
No
Notes:
i Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0
Z Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. a Energy usage consists of emissions from on -site natural gas usage. 4 Mobile sources consist of emissions from vehicles and road dust. 42 4-165

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Table 10 provides the project's unmitigated operational emissions. Table 10 shows that the project does not exceed the SCAQMD daily emission threshold and regional operational emissions are considered to be less than significant.

6.2.2 Localized Operational Emissions
Table 11 shows the calculated emissions for the proposed operational activities compared with appropriate LSTs. The LST analysis only includes on -site sources; however, the CalEEMod software outputs do not separate on -site and off -site emissions for mobile sources. For a worst -case scenario assessment, the emissions shown in Table 11 include all on -site project -related stationary sources and 10% of the project -related new mobile sources.' This percentage is an estimate of the amount of project -related new vehicle traffic that will occur on -site.

Table 11: Localized Significance — Unmitigated Operational Emissions On -Site
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)'
NOx
CO
PM10
PM2.5
On -Site Emission Source
Area SourceS2

0.20 5.32

0.69 0.69
Energy Usage

0.06 0.03

0.01 0.01
On -Site Vehicle Emissions'

0.03 0.27

0.06 0.02
Total Emissions

0.29 5.62

0.76 0.71
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82 feet)'
191
1,299
2 2
Exceeds Threshold?
No
No
No
No
Notes:
1 Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQMD's Mass Rate Look -up Tables for one acre, to be conservative, in Coachella Valley Source Receptor
Area (SRA 30).

Z Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. s Energy usage consists of emissions from generation of electricity and on -site natural gas usage. ' On -site vehicular emissions based on 1/10 of the gross vehicular emissions and road dust. 'The nearest sensitive receptor is located 35 meters east; therefore, the 25 meter threshold has been used.

Table 11 indicates that the local operational emission would not exceed the LST thresholds at the nearest sensitive receptors, located adjacent to the project. Therefore, the project will not result in significant Localized Operational emissions.

6.2.3 Operations -Related Human Health Impacts
As stated previously, regarding health effects related to criteria pollutant emissions, the applicable significance thresholds are established for regional compliance with the state and federal ambient air quality standards, which are intended to protect public health from both acute and long-term health a The project site is approximately 0.09 miles in length at its longest point; therefore the on -site mobile source emissions represent approximately 1/77th of the shortest CalEEMod default distance of 6.9 miles. Therefore, to be conservative, 1/10th the distance (dividing the mobile source emissions by 10) was used to represent the portion of the overall mobile source emissions that would occur on -site. 43 4-166

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impacts, depending on the potential effects of the pollutant. Because regional and local emissions of criteria pollutants during operation of the project would be below the applicable thresholds, it would not contribute to long-term health impacts related to nonattainment of the ambient air quality standards. Therefore, significant adverse acute health impacts as a result of project operation are not anticipated.

6.3 CO Hot Spot Emissions
CO is the pollutant of major concern along roadways because the most notable source of CO is motor vehicles. For this reason, CO concentrations are usually indicative of the local air quality generated by a roadway network and are used as an indicator of potential local air quality impacts. Local air quality impacts can be assessed by comparing future without and with project CO levels to the State and Federal CO standards which were presented in above in Section 5.0.

To determine if the proposed project could cause emission levels in excess of the CO standards discussed above in Section 5.0, a sensitivity analysis is typically conducted to determine the potential for CO "hot spots" at a number of intersections in the general project vicinity. Because of reduced speeds and vehicle queuing, "hot spots" potentially can occur at high traffic volume intersections with a Level of Service E or worse.

Micro -scale air quality emissions have traditionally been analyzed in environmental documents where the air basin was a non -attainment area for CO. However, the SCAQMD has demonstrated in the CO attainment redesignation request to EPA that there are no "hot spots" anywhere in the air basin, even at intersections with much higher volumes, much worse congestion, and much higher background CO levels than anywhere in Riverside County. If the worst -case intersections in the air basin have no "hot spot" potential, any local impacts will be below thresholds.

CalEEMod output showed that the project would generate 82 average daily trips. The 1992 Federal Attainment Plan for Carbon Monoxide (1992 CO Plan) showed that an intersection which has a daily traffic volume of approximately 100,000 vehicles per day would not violate the CO standard. The volume of traffic at project buildout would be well below 100,000 vehicles and below the necessary volume to even get close to causing a violation of the CO standard. Therefore no CO "hot spot" modeling was performed and no significant long-term air quality impact is anticipated to local air quality with the on -going use of the proposed project.

6.4 Cumulative Regional Air Quality Impacts
Cumulative projects include local development as well as general growth within the project area.

However, as with most development, the greatest source of emissions is from mobile sources, which travel well out of the local area. Therefore, from an air quality standpoint, the cumulative analysis would extend beyond any local projects and when wind patterns are considered, would cover an even larger area. Accordingly, the cumulative analysis for the project's air quality must be generic by nature.

The project area is out of attainment for both ozone and PM10 particulate matter. Construction and operation of cumulative projects will further degrade the local air quality, as well as the air quality of Ell
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the Salton Sea Air Basin. The greatest cumulative impact on the quality of regional air cell will be the incremental addition of pollutants mainly from increased traffic from residential, commercial, and industrial development and the use of heavy equipment and trucks associated with the construction of these projects. Air quality will be temporarily degraded during construction activities that occur separately or simultaneously. However, in accordance with the SCAQMD methodology, projects that do not exceed the SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigated to less than criteria levels are not significant and do not add to the overall cumulative impact. The project does not exceed any of the thresholds of significance and therefore is considered less than significant.

6.5 Air Quality Compliance
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires a discussion of any inconsistencies between a proposed project and applicable General Plans and Regional Plans (CEQA Guidelines Section 15125).

The regional plan that applies to the proposed project includes the SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). Therefore, this section discusses any potential inconsistencies of the proposed project with the AQMP.

The purpose of this discussion is to set forth the issues regarding consistency with the assumptions and objectives of the AQMP and discuss whether the proposed project would interfere with the region's ability to comply with Federal and State air quality standards. If the decision -makers determine that the proposed project is inconsistent, the lead agency may consider project modifications or inclusion of mitigation to eliminate the inconsistency.

The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that "New or amended General Plan Elements (including land use zoning and density amendments), Specific Plans, and significant projects must be analyzed for consistency with the AQMP." Strict consistency with all aspects of the plan is usually not required A proposed project should be considered to be consistent with the AQMP if it furthers one or more policies and does not obstruct other policies. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook identifies two key indicators of consistency:
(1) Whether the project will result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations or cause or contribute to new violations, or delay timely attainment of air quality standards or the interim emission reductions specified in the AQMP. (2) Whether the project will exceed the assumptions in the AQMP in 2016 or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase.

Both of these criteria are evaluated in the following sections.

A. Criterion 1- Increase in the Frequency or Severity of Violations Based on the air quality modeling analysis contained in this Air Analysis, short-term construction impacts will not result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD regional and local thresholds of significance. This Air Analysis also found that, long-term operations impacts will not result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD local and regional thresholds of significance. 45 4-168

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Therefore, the proposed project is not projected to contribute to the exceedance of any air pollutant concentration standards and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the first criterion.

B. Criterion 2 - Exceed Assumptions in the AQMP?
Consistency with the AQMP assumptions is determined by performing an analysis of the proposed project with the assumptions in the AQMP. The emphasis of this criterion is to ensure that the analyses conducted for the proposed project are based on the same forecasts as the AQMP. The 2016- 2040 Regional Transportation/Sustainable Communities Strategy, prepared by SCAG, 2016, includes chapters on: the challenges in a changing region, creating a plan for our future, and the road to greater mobility and sustainable growth. These chapters currently respond directly to federal and state requirements placed on SCAG. Local governments are required to use these as the basis of their plans for purposes of consistency with applicable regional plans under CEQA. For this project, the City of Rancho Mirage General Plan defines the assumptions that are represented in the AQMP.

The proposed project has a current land use classification of Residential Estate according to the City of Rancho Mirage Land Use and Zoning Map. The proposed project is to develop the site with 9 single family residences. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in an inconsistency with the land use designation in the City's General Plan. Therefore, the proposed project is not anticipated to exceed the AQMP assumptions for the project site and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the second criterion.

Based on the above, the proposed project will not result in an inconsistency with the SCAQMD AQMP.

Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur.
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7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis

7.1 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact
The greenhouse gas emissions from project construction equipment and worker vehicles are shown in Table 12. The emissions are from all phases of construction. The total construction emissions amortized over a period of 30 years are estimated at 14.18 metric tons of CO2e per year. Annual CalEEMod output calculations are provided in Appendix B.

Table 12: Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Activity
Emissions (MTCO2e)l
Onsite
Mite
Total
Grading

82.46 2.70
8S.16
Building Construction
233.11

82.05 31S.16
Paving

20.19 1.31

21.50 Coating

2.56 0.88

3.43 Total
338.32

86.94 425.26
Averaged over 30 years2

11.28 2.90

14.18 Notes:

MTCO2e=metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (includes carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide). z The emissions are averaged over 30 years because the average is added to the operational emissions, pursuant to SCAQMD. * CalEEMod output (Appendix B)

7.2 Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact
Operational emissions occur over the life of the project. The operational emissions for the project are 136.20 metric tons of CO2e per year (see Table 13). Furthermore, as shown in Table 13, the project's total emissions (with incorporation of construction related GHG emissions) would be 150.37 metric tons of CO2e per year. These emissions do not exceed the County of Riverside CAP Update and SCAQMD screening threshold of 3,000 metric tons of CO2e per year. Therefore, the project's GHG emissions are considered to be less than significant.

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City of Rancho Mirage, CA Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis Table 13: Opening Year Unmitigated Project -Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions Category
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Metric
Tons/Year)'
Bio-0O2
NonBio-CO2
CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
Area Sources'

0.96 1.99

2.94 0.00

0.00 3.04
Energy Usage

0.00 26.30

26.30 0.00

0.00 26.44
Mobile Sources'

0.00 97.03

97.03 0.01

0.00 98.46
Solid Wastes

2.16 0.00

2.16 0.13

0.00 5.36
Water

0.19 2.08

2.27 0.02

0.00 2.89
Construction'

0.00 13.21

13.21 0.00

0.00 14.18
Total Emissions
1 3.31
1 140.61
1 143.92
1 0.16
1 0.01
1 1S0.37
County of Riverside CAP and SCAQMD Draft Screening Threshold 3,000
Exceeds Threshold?
No
N otes:

Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0
z Area sources consist of GHG emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscape equipment. s Energy usage consist of GHG emissions from electricity and natural gas usage. ° Mobile sources consist of GHG emissions from vehicles. 5 Solid waste includes the CO2 and CH4 emissions created from the solid waste placed in landfills. s Water includes GHG emissions from electricity used for transport of water and processing of wastewater.

Construction GHG emissions based on a 30 year amortization rate.

7.3 Greenhouse Gas Plan Consistency
The proposed project would have the potential to conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs. As stated previously, the County of Riverside has adopted a Climate Action Plan; therefore, the project and its GHG emissions have been compared to the goals of the County of Riverside CAP Update.

Consistency with the County of Riverside CAP Update
Per the County's CAP Update, the County adopted its first CAP in 2015 which set a target to reduce emissions back to 1990 levels by the year 2020 as recommended in the AB 32 Scoping Plan.

Furthermore, the goals and supporting measures within the County's CAP Update are proposed to reflect and ensure compliance with changes in the local and State policies and regulations such as SB 32 and California's 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Therefore, compliance with the County's CAP in turn reflects consistency with the goals of the CARB Scoping Plan, Assembly Bill (AB) 32 and Senate Bill (SB) 32.

Appendix D of the Riverside County CAP Update also states that project's that do not exceed the CAP's screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are considered to have less than significant GHG emissions and are in compliance with the County's CAP Update. According to the County's CAP Update, projects that do not exceed emissions of 3,000 MTCO2e per year are also required to include the following efficiency measures:
• Energy efficiency matching or exceeding the Title 24 requirements in effect as of January 2017, and
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As stated above, the GHG emissions generated by the proposed project would not exceed the County of Riverside CAP Update screening threshold of 3,000 metric tons per year of CO2e. 4-172

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8.0 Energy Analysis
Information from the CalEEMod 2020.4.0 Daily and Annual Outputs contained in the air quality and greenhouse gas analyses above was utilized for this analysis. The CalEEMod outputs detail project related construction equipment, transportation energy demands, and facility energy demands.

8.1 Construction Energy Demand

8.1.1 Construction Equipment Electricity Usage Estimates Electrical service will be provided by Southern California Edison (SCE). Based on the 2017 National Construction Estimator, Richard Pray (2017)4, the typical power cost per 1,000 square feet of building construction per month is estimated to be $2.32. The project plans to develop the site with 331,000 square feet of new single-family houses over the course of approximately 17 months.' Based on Table 14, the total power cost of the on -site electricity usage during the construction of the proposed project is estimated to be approximately $13,039.67. As shown in Table 14, the total electricity usage from Project construction related activities is estimated to be approximately 237,085 kWh.6 Table 14: Project Construction Power Cost and Electricity Usage Power Cost (per 1,000 square
Total Building
Construction
Total Project
foot of building per month of
Size (1,000
Duration
Construction
construction)
Square Foot)'
(months)
Power Cost
$2.32
331
17 $13,039.67
Cost per kWh
Total Project Construction
Electricity Usage (kWh)
$0.06
237,085
* Assumes the project will be under the GS-1 General Service rate under SCE. 4 Pray, Richard. 2017 National Construction Estimator. Carlsbad: Craftsman Book Company, 2017. s As stated in the project description, the project involves the demolition of approximately 70,000 square feet of existing residences. e LADWP's Small Commercial & Multi -Family Service (A-1) is approximately $0.06 per kWh of electricity Southern California Edison (SCE). Rates & Pricing Choices: General Service/Industrial Rates. https://libra ry.sce.com/content/dam/sce- doclib/public/regulatory/historical/electric/2020/schedules/general-service-&-industrial-rates/ELECTRIC_SCHEDULES_GS-1_2020.pdf 50 4-173

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8.1.2 Construction Equipment Fuel Estimates
Using the CalEEMod data input, the project's construction phase would consume electricity and fossil fuels as a single energy demand, that is, once construction is completed their use would cease. CARB's 2017 Emissions Factors Tables show that on average aggregate fuel consumption (gasoline and diesel fuel) would be approximately 18.5 hp-hr-ga1.7 As presented in Table 15 below, project construction activities would consume an estimated 49,374 gallons of diesel fuel.

Table 15: Construction Equipment Fuel Consumption Estimates Phase
Number
of Days
Offroad Equipment Type
Amount
Usage
Hours
Horse
Power
Load
Factor
HP
hrs/
day
Total Fuel
Consumption
(gal diesel
fuel)'''
30 Excavators
2 8
158

0.38 961
1,558
30 Graders
1 8
187

0.41 613
995
Grading
30 Rubber Tired Dozers
1 8
247

0.4 790
1,282
30 Scrapers
2 8
367

0.48 2'g 1
4,571
30 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
2 8
97 0.37
574
931
300
Cranes
1 7
231

0.29 469
7,604
300
Forklifts
3 8
89 0.2
427
6,928
Building
Construction
300
Generator Sets
1 8
84 0.74
497
8,064
300
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
3 7
97 0.37
754
12,222
300
Welders
1 8
46 0.45
166
2,685
20 Pavers
2 8
130

0.42 874
944
Paving
20 Paving Equipment
2 8
132

0.36 760
822
20 Rollers
2 8
80 0.38
486
526
Architectural
Coating
20 Air Compressors
1 6
78 0.48
225
243
CONSTRUCTION FUEL DEMAND (gallons of diesel fuel)
49,374
N otes:
'Using Carl Moyer Guidelines Table D-21 Fuel consumption rate factors (bhp-hr/gal) for engines less than 750 hp. (Source: https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mover/guidelines/2017gl/2017 gl appendix d.pdf) 'Discrepancies are due to rounding.
7 Aggregate fuel consumption rate for all equipment was estimated at 18.5 hp-hr/day (from CARB's 2017 Emissions Factors Tables and fuel consumption rate factors as shown in Table D-21 of the Moyer Guidelines:
( https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/guidelines/2017gl/2017 gl appendix d.pdf). 51 4-174

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Energy Analysis

8.1.3 Construction Worker Fuel Estimates
It is assumed that all construction worker trips are from light duty autos (LDA) along area roadways.

With respect to estimated VMT, the construction worker trips would generate an estimated 236,670 VMT. Vehicle fuel efficiencies for construction workers were estimated in the air quality and greenhouse gas analysis using information generated using CARB's EMFAC model (see Appendix C for details). Table 16 shows that an estimated 7,647 gallons of fuel would be consumed for construction worker trips.

Table 16: Construction Worker Fuel Consumption Estimates Phase
Number of
Days
Worker
Trips/Day
Trip Length
(miles)'
Vehicle
Miles
Traveled
Average
Vehicle Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)2
Grading
1 30
20 14.7
8,820

30.95 285
Building Construction
300
50 14.7
220,500

30.95 7,124
Paving
20 15

14.7 4,410

30.95 142
Architectural Coating
20 10

14.7 2,940

30.95 95
Total Construction Worker Fuel Consumption
7,647
Notes:
'Assumptions for the worker trip length and vehicle miles traveled are consistent with CalEEMod 2020.4.0 defaults. 'Discrepancies are due to rounding.

8.1.4 Construction Vendor/Hauling Fuel Estimates
Tables 17 and 18 show the estimated fuel consumption for vendor and hauling during building construction and architectural coating. With respect to estimated VMT, the vendor and hauling trips would generate an estimated 39,330 VMT. For the architectural coatings it is assumed that the contractors would be responsible for bringing coatings and equipment with them in their light duty vehicles.$ Tables 17 and 18 show that an estimated 4,266 gallons of fuel would be consumed for vendor and hauling trips. It is anticipated there will be no hauling trips for this project.

8 Vendors delivering construction material or hauling debris from the site during grading would use medium to heavy duty vehicles with an average fuel consumption of 9.22 mpg for medium heavy-duty trucks and 6.74 mpg for heavy heavy-duty trucks (see Appendix C for details).
52 4-175

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Energy Analysis
Table 17: Construction Vendor Fuel Consumption Estimates (MHD Trucks)' Phase
Number of
Days
Vendor
Trips/Day
Trip Length
(miles)
Vehicle
Miles
Traveled
Average Vehicle
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Grading
30 0

6.9 0

9.22 0
Building Construction
300
19 6.9
39,330

9.22 4,266
Paving
20 0

6.9 0

9.22 0
Architectural Coating
20 0

6.9 0

9.22 0
Total Vendor Fuel Consumption
4,266
Notes:
'Assumptions for the vendor trip length and vehicle miles traveled are consistent with Cal EEMod 2020.4.0 defaults.

Table 18: Construction Hauling Fuel Consumption Estimates (HHD Trucks)' Phase
Number of
Days
Hauling
Trips/Day
Trip Length
(miles)
Vehicle
Miles
Traveled
Average Vehicle
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Grading
30 0
20 0

6.74 0
Building Construction
300
0 20
0 6.74
0 Paving
20 0
20 0

6.74 0
Architectural Coating
20 0
20 0

6.74 0
Total Construction Hauling Fuel Consumption
0 N otes:
'Assumptions for the hauling trip length and vehicle miles traveled are consistent with CalEEMod 2020.40 defaults.

8.1.5 Construction Energy Efficiency/Conservation Measures Construction equipment used over the approximately 17-month construction phase would conform to CARB regulations and California emissions standards and is evidence of related fuel efficiencies. In addition, the CARB Airborne Toxic Control Measure limits idling times of construction vehicles to no more than five minutes, thereby minimizing unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to unproductive idling of construction equipment. Furthermore, the project has been designed in compliance with California's Energy Efficiency Standards and 2019 CALGreen Standards.

Construction of the proposed residential development would require the typical use of energy resources. There are no unusual project characteristics or construction processes that would require the use of equipment that would be more energy intensive than is used for comparable activities; or equipment that would not conform to current emissions standards (and related fuel efficiencies).

Equipment employed in construction of the project would therefore not result in inefficient wasteful, or unnecessary consumption of fuel.
53 4-176

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Energy Analysis

8.2 Operational Energy Demand
Energy consumption in support of or related to project operations would include transportation energy demands (energy consumed by employee and patron vehicles accessing the project site) and facilities energy demands (energy consumed by building operations and site maintenance activities).

8.2.1 Transportation Fuel Consumption
The largest source of operational energy use would be vehicle operation of customers. The site is located in an urbanized area just in close proximity to transit stops. Using the CalEEMod output, it is assumed that an average trip for autos were assumed to be 16.6 miles, light trucks were assumed to travel an average of 6.9 miles, and 3- 4-axle trucks were assumed to travel an average of 8.4 miles9. To show a worst -case analysis, as the proposed project is a residential project, it was assumed that vehicles would operate 365 days per year. Table 19 shows the worst -case estimated annual fuel consumption for all classes of vehicles from autos to heavy -heavy trucks.10 Table 19 shows that an estimated 13,265 gallons of fuel would be consumed per year for the operation of the proposed project.

Table 19: Estimated Vehicle Operations Fuel Consumption Vehicle Type
Vehicle Mix
Number
of
Vehicles
Average
Trip
(miles)'
Daily
VMT
Average
Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Total
Gallons
per Day
Total Annual
Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Light Auto
Automobile
46 16.6
766

31.82 24.07
8,787
Light Truck
Automobile
5 6.69
35 27.16

1.27 464
Light Truck
Automobile
16 6.69
105

25.6 4.10
11497
Medium Truck
Automobile
11 6.69
74 20.81

3.56 1,299
Light Heavy Truck
2-Axle Truck
2 8.4
17 13.81

1.23 449
Light Heavy Truck 10,000 Ibs +
2-Axle Truck
1 8.4
5 14.18

0.32 117
Medium Heavy Truck
3-Axle Truck
1 8.4
8 9.58

0.87 319
Heavy Heavy Truck
4-Axle Truck
1 8.4
7 7.14

0.91 333
Total
82 8.7838
1,016

18.76 36.34
-
Total Annual Fuel Consumption
13,265
Notes:
1The trip generation assessment, the project is to generate 82 total net new trips after reduction of existing uses. Default CalEEMod vehicle fleet mix utilized. 'Based on the size of the site and relative location, trips were assumed to be local rather than regional.

Trip generation generated by the proposed project are consistent with other similar residential uses of similar scale and configuration as reflected in the Trip Generation Assessment (Fehr Peers, April 22, e CalEEMod default distance for H-W (home -work) or C-W (commercial -work) is 16.6 miles; 6.9 miles for H-S (home -shop) or C-C (commercial -customer); and 8.4 miles for H-O (home -other) or C-O (commercial -other). 10 Average fuel economy based on aggregate mileage calculated in EMFAC 2017 for opening year (2023). See Appendix C for EMFAC output. 54 4-177

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Energy Analysis
2021). That is, the proposed project does not propose uses or operations that would inherently result in excessive and wasteful vehicle trips, nor associated excess and wasteful vehicle energy consumption.

Therefore, project transportation energy consumption would not be considered inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary.

8.2.2 Facility Energy Demands (Electricity and Natural Gas) The annual natural gas and electricity demands were provided per the CaIEEMod output and are provided in Table 20.

Table 20: Project Unmitigated Annual Operational Energy Demand Summary' Natural Gas Demand
kBTU/year
Single Family Housing
254,582
Total
254,582
Electricity Demand
kWh/year
Single Family Housing
1 71,682
Total
1 71,682
Notes:
'Taken from the CalEEMod 2020.4.0 annual output.

As shown in Table 20, the estimated electricity demand for the proposed project is approximately 71,682 kWh per year. In 2019, the residential sector of the County of Riverside consumed approximately 7,337 million kWh of electricity." In addition, the estimated natural gas consumption for the proposed project is approximately 254,582 kBTU per year. In 2019, the non-residential sector of the County of Riverside consumed approximately 305 million therms of gas.12 Therefore, the increase in both electricity and natural gas demand from the proposed project is insignificant compared to the County's 2019 demand.

8.3 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Plan Consistency Regarding federal transportation regulations, the project site is located in an already developed area.

Access to/from the project site is from existing roads. These roads are already in place so the project would not interfere with, nor otherwise obstruct intermodal transportation plans or projects that may be proposed pursuant to the ISTEA because SCAG is not planning for intermodal facilities in the project area.

Regarding the State's Energy Plan and compliance with Title 24 CCR energy efficiency standards, the applicant is required to comply with the California Green Building Standard Code requirements for 11 California Energy Commission, Electricity Consumption by County. https:Hecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx 12 California Energy Commission, Gas Consumption by County. http://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/gasbycounty.aspx 4-178
55 TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA Energy Analysis
energy efficient buildings and appliances as well as utility energy efficiency programs implemented by the SCE and Southern California Gas Company.

Regarding the State's Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards, the project would be required to meet or exceed the energy standards established in the California Green Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 11 (CALGreen). CalGreen Standards require that new buildings reduce water consumption, employ building commissioning to increase building system efficiencies, divert construction waste from landfills, and install low pollutant -emitting finish materials. 56 4-179

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA References

9.0 References
The following references were used in the preparing this analysis.

California Air Pollution Control Officers Association
2009 Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects California Air Resources Board
2008 Resolution 08-43
2008 Recommended Approaches for Setting Interim Significance Thresholds for Greenhouse Gases under the California Environmental Quality Act
2008 ARB Recommended Interim Risk Management Policy for Inhalation -Based Residential Cancer Risk — Frequently Asked Questions
2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan, a framework for change. 2011 Supplement to the AB 32 Scoping Plan Functional Equivalent Document 2014 First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan, Building on the Framework Pursuant to AB32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. May. 2018 Historical Air Quality, Top 4 Summary
City of Rancho Mirage
2013 Land Use and Zoning Map
County of Riverside
2015 County of Riverside General Plan. December 8.
2019 County of Riverside Climate Action Plan Update. November.

Governor's Office of Planning and Research
2008 CEQA and Climate: Addressing Climate Change Through California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Review
2009 CEQA Guideline Sections to be Added or Amended
Integrated Engineering Group
2020 Scoping Agreement for Traffic Impact Study Central Avenue Gas Station, County of Riverside, CA. December 16.
57 4-180

TTM 38222
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impact Study
City of Rancho Mirage, CA References
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
2015 Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines South Coast Air Quality Management District
1993 CEQA Air Quality Handbook
2005 Rule 403 Fugitive Dust
2007 2007 Air Quality Management Plan
2008 Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, Revised 2011 Appendix A Calculation Details for CalEEMod
2012 Final 2012 Air Quality Management Plan
2016 Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan
4-181
58 Appendix A:

CalEEMod Daily Emission Output
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4-228

Appendix B:

CalEEMod Annual Emission Output
4-229

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