Redlands City Council
December 17, 2024

15092-04 AQ & GHG Assessment
determining the significance of impacts, the lead agency may consider a project’s consistency with the State’s long-term climate goals or strategies, provided that substantial evidence supports the agency’s analysis of how those goals or strategies address the project’s incremental contribution to climate change and its conclusion that the project’s incremental contribution is not cumulatively considerable.

Discussion on Establishment of Significance Thresholds
Based on the foregoing guidance, the City of Redland has elected to rely on compliance with a local air district threshold in the determination of significance of Project-related GHG emissions.

Specifically, the City has selected the interim 3,000 MTCO2e per year threshold recommended by SCAQMD staff for residential and commercial sector projects against which to compare Projectrelated GHG emissions.

The 3,000 MTCO2e per year threshold is based on a 90 percent emission “capture” rate methodology. Prior to its use by the SCAQMD, the 90 percent emissions capture approach was one of the options suggested by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) in their CEQA & Climate Change white paper (2008). A 90 percent emission capture rate means that unmitigated GHG emissions from the top 90 percent of all GHG-producing projects within a geographic area – the SCAB in this instance – would be subject to a detailed analysis of potential environmental impacts from GHG emissions, while the bottom 10 percent of all GHG-producing projects would be excluded from detailed analysis. A GHG significance threshold based on a 90 percent emission capture rate is appropriate to address the long-term adverse impacts associated with global climate change because medium and large projects will be required to implement measures to reduce GHG emissions, while small projects, which are generally infill development projects that are not the focus of the State’s GHG reduction targets, are allowed to proceed. Further, a 90 percent emission capture rate sets the emission threshold low enough to capture a substantial proportion of future development projects and demonstrate that cumulative emissions reductions are being achieved while setting the emission threshold high enough to exclude small projects that will, in aggregate, contribute approximate 1 percent of projected statewide GHG emissions in the Year 2050 (24).

In setting the threshold at 3,000 MTCO2e per year, SCAQMD researched a database of projects kept by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). That database contained 798 projects, 87 of which were removed because they were very large projects and/or outliers that would skew emissions values too high, leaving 711 as the sample population to use in determining the 90th percentile capture rate. The SCAQMD analysis of the 711 projects within the sample population combined commercial, residential, and mixed-use projects. It should be noted that the sample of projects included warehouses and other light industrial land uses but did not include industrial processes (i.e., oil refineries, heavy manufacturing, electric generating stations, mining operations, etc.). Emissions from each of these projects were calculated by SCAQMD to provide a consistent method of emissions calculations across the sample population and from projects within the sample population. In calculating the emissions, the SCAQMD analysis determined that the 90th percentile ranged between 2,983 to 3,143 MTCO2e per year.

The SCAQMD set their significance threshold at the low-end value of the range when rounded to the nearest hundred tons of emissions (i.e., 3,000 MTCO2e per year) to define small projects that are considered less than significant and do not need to provide further analysis.

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Mandi Needle, CASC Planning and Engineering
April 22, 2024

15092-04 AQ & GHG Assessment
The City understands that the 3,000 MTCO2e per year threshold for residential/commercial uses was proposed by SCAQMD a decade ago and was adopted as an interim policy; however, no permanent, superseding policy or threshold has since been adopted. The 3,000 MTCO2e per year threshold was developed and recommended by SCAQMD, an expert agency, based on substantial evidence as provided in the Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas Significance Threshold (2008) document and subsequent Working Group meetings (latest of which occurred in 2010). SCAQMD has not withdrawn its support of the interim threshold and all documentation supporting the interim threshold remains on the SCAQMD website on a page that provides guidance to CEQA practitioners for air quality analysis (and where all SCAQMD significance thresholds for regional and local criteria pollutants and toxic air contaminants also are listed). Further, as stated by SCAQMD, this threshold “uses the Executive Order S-3-05 goal [80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050] as the basis for deriving the screening level” and, thus, remains valid for use in 2022 (24). Lastly, this threshold has been used for hundreds, if not thousands of GHG analyses performed for projects located within the SCAQMD jurisdiction.

Thus, for purposes of analysis in this analysis, if Project-related GHG emissions do not exceed the 3,000 MTCO2e per year threshold, then Project-related GHG emissions would clearly have a lessthan-significant impact pursuant to Threshold GHG-1. On the other hand, if Project-related GHG emissions exceed 3,000 MTCO2e per year, the Project would be considered a substantial source of GHG emissions.

GHG IMPACTS – CONSISTENCY WITH THRESHOLD NO. 1
Would the Project have the potential to generate direct or indirect GHG emissions that would result in a significant impact on the environment?

PROJECT GHG EMISSIONS
The estimated GHG emissions for the Project land use are summarized on Table 6. The estimated GHG emission include emissions from Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N20), and Refrigerants (R).

It should be noted that there are no quantifiable GHG emissions associated with operations with the proposed Project. As such, the GHG emissions presented on Table 9 are from construction source GHG emissions and would generate a total of approximately 15.73 MTCO2e/yr.

TABLE 9: TOTAL PROJECT GHG EMISSIONS
Year
Emission (MT/yr)
CO2 CH4 N20 R Total CO2E
2024 265.23 0.01 0.00 0.04 266.53
2025 215.35 0.01 0.00 0.03 216.33
Total GHG Emissions 480.58 0.02 0.01 0.07 482.86
Amortized Construction Emissions 16.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.10 Total CO2E (All Sources) 16.10
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Mandi Needle, CASC Planning and Engineering
April 22, 2024

15092-04 AQ & GHG Assessment
A numerical threshold for determining the significance of GHG emissions in the SCAB has not been established by the SCAQMD for projects where it is not the lead agency. As an interim threshold based on guidance provided in the CAPCOA CEQA and Climate Change handbook, the City has opted to use a non-zero threshold approach based on Approach 2 of the handbook.

Threshold 2.5 (Unit-Based Thresholds Based on Market Capture) establishes a numerical threshold based on capture of approximately 90% of emissions from future development. The latest threshold developed by SCAQMD using this method is 3,000 MTCO2e/yr for all projects (25).

The Project would result in approximately 15.73 MTCO2e/yr; the proposed Project would not exceed the SCAQMD’s numeric threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e/yr. Thus, the Project would result in a less than significant impact with respect to GHG emissions.

GHG IMPACTS – CONSISTENCY WITH THRESHOLD NO. 2
Would the Project have the potential to conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs? Pursuant to 15604.4 of the CEQA Guidelines, a lead agency may rely on qualitative analysis or performance-based standards to determine the significance of impacts from GHG emissions (26).

In November 2022, CARB released the Final 2022 Scoping Plan Update, which identifies the State’s progress towards the statutory 2030 target, while providing a path towards carbon neutrality and reduce greenhouse gases emissions by 85% below 1990 levels by 2045. Recent studies show that the State’s existing and proposed regulatory framework will allow the State to reduce its GHG emissions level to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 (27). The Project would not conflict with any of the 2022 Scoping Plan elements as any regulations adopted would apply directly or indirectly to the Project.

Finally, the Project is consistent with the general plan land use designation, density, building intensity, and applicable policies specified for the Project area in SCAG's Sustainable Community Strategy/Regional Transportation Plan, which pursuant to SB 375 calls for the integration of transportation, land-use and housing policies to plan for achievement of the GHG-emissions target for the region. Thus, a less than significant impact related to GHG emissions from Project construction and operation would occur and no mitigation is required.

AIR QUALITY & GREENHOUSE GAS CONCLUSION
Results of the assessment indicate that the Project is not anticipated to result in a significant impact during construction activities and due to no associated primary sources, for operations with air quality and greenhouse gas and no mitigation is required.

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REFERENCES

1. Air Resources Board. California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS). [Online] 2009. [Cited:

April 16, 2018.] http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/caaqs/caaqs.htm.

2. Environmental Protection Agency. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). [Online] 1990. https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics/air-topics.

3. South Coast Air Quality Management District. RULE 403. FUGITIVE DUST. [Online] https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/rule-book/rule-iv/rule-403.pdf?sfvrsn=4.

4. —. RULE 1113. Architectural Coatings. [Online] http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/defaultsource/rule-book/reg-xi/r1113.pdf.

5. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod). [Online] May 2022. www.caleemod.com.

6. State of California. 2020 CEQA California Environmental Quality Act. 2020.

7. South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds. [Online] http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/defaultsource/ceqa/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality-significance-thresholds.pdf?sfvrsn=2.

8. State of California. 2020 CEQA California Environmental Quality Act. 2020.

9. South Coast Air Quality Management District. Localized Significance Thresholds Methodology. s.l. : South Coast Air Quality Managment District, 2003.

10. —. Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). [Online] March 2017. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-managementplans/2016-air-quality-management-plan/final-2016- aqmp/final2016aqmp.pdf?sfvrsn=11.

11. Southern California Association of Governments. 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy. [Online] September 2020. https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/0903fconnectsocalplan_0.pdf?1606001176.

12. South Coast Air Quality Management District. CEQA Air Quality Handbook (1993). 1993.

13. Goss, Tracy A and Kroeger, Amy. White Paper on Potential Control Strategies to Address Cumulative Impacts from Air Pollution. [Online] South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2003. http://www.aqmd.gov/rules/ciwg/final_white_paper.pdf.

14. South Coast Air Quality Management District. 2003 Air Quality Management Plan. [Online] 2003. https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/clean-air-plans/air-quality-mgtplan/2003-aqmp.

15. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. [Online] http://www.baaqmd.gov/.

16. South Coast Air Quality Management District. 2003 Air Quality Management Plan. [Online] 2003. https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/clean-air-plans/air-quality-mgtplan/2003-aqmp.

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17. —. RULE 402 NUISANCE. [Online] http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/rule-book/ruleiv/rule-402.pdf.

18. California Air Resources Board. GHG 1990 Emissions Level & 2020 Limit. California Air Resources Board. [Online] https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/ghg-2020-limit.

19. —. Climate Change Draft Scoping Plan. 2008.

20. —. STATUS OF SCOPING PLAN RECOMMENDED MEASURES. [Online] [Cited: September 19, 2019.] https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/status_of_scoping_plan_measures.pdf.

21. —. First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan. 2014.

22. California Legislative Information. Senate Bill No. 32. [Online] September 8, 2016. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32.

23. City of Redlands. City of Redlands Climate Action Plan. Redlands, CA : s.n., December 2017.

24. South Coast Air Quality Management District. Interim CEQA GHG Significnace Threshold for Stationary Sources, Rules and Plans. Diamond Bar : s.n., 2008.

25. —. Interim CEQA GHG Threshold for Stationary Sources, Rules and Plans. [Online] December 5, 2008. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/greenhousegases-(ghg)-ceqa-significance-thresholds/ghgboardsynopsis.pdf.

26. Association of Environmental Professionals. 2018 CEQA California Environmental Quality Act. 2018.

27. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. California's Policies Can Significantly Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions through 2030. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Online] January 22, 2015. http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/01/22/californias-policiescan-significantly-cut-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2030/.

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ATTACHMENT A

CALEEMOD PROPOSED PROJECT EMISSIONS MODEL OUTPUTS
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15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd. Detailed Report Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing (2024) - Unmitigated

3.3. Linear, Grading & Excavation (2024) - Unmitigated

3.5. Linear, Grading & Excavation (2025) - Unmitigated

3.7. Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade (2025) - Unmitigated

3.9. Linear, Paving (2025) - Unmitigated

4. Operations Emissions Details
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4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies

5.5. Architectural Coatings

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies

5.7. Construction Paving
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5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

6.1. Climate Risk Summary

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
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7.4. Health & Equity Measures

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard

7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures

8. User Changes to Default Data
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1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name 15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd.

Construction Start Date 9/2/2024
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 2.50
Precipitation (days) 24.0
Location 34.063215, -117.226212
County San Bernardino-South Coast
City Redlands
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 5394
EDFZ 10
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.22

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
Road Widening 0.38 Mile 0.85 0.00 — — — —
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1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 5.06 4.26 37.4 41.4 0.07 1.72 1.52 3.24 1.58 0.24 1.82 — 8,356 8,356 0.35 0.10 2.61 8,398 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 5.05 4.25 37.4 40.6 0.07 1.72 1.52 3.24 1.58 0.24 1.82 — 8,308 8,308 0.35 0.10 0.07 8,347 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.98 0.83 7.27 7.92 0.01 0.34 0.30 0.64 0.31 0.05 0.36 — 1,602 1,602 0.07 0.02 0.22 1,610 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.18 0.15 1.33 1.44 < 0.005 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.07 — 265 265 0.01 < 0.005 0.04 267

2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Year TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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2024 5.06 4.26 37.4 41.4 0.07 1.72 1.52 3.24 1.58 0.24 1.82 — 8,356 8,356 0.35 0.10 2.61 8,398 2025 2.39 2.01 17.3 22.0 0.04 0.69 0.77 1.46 0.64 0.13 0.77 — 4,478 4,478 0.18 0.05 1.44 4,498 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 5.05 4.25 37.4 40.6 0.07 1.72 1.52 3.24 1.58 0.24 1.82 — 8,308 8,308 0.35 0.10 0.07 8,347 2025 4.60 3.87 32.9 39.3 0.07 1.46 1.52 2.99 1.35 0.24 1.58 — 8,296 8,296 0.35 0.10 0.06 8,335 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.98 0.83 7.27 7.92 0.01 0.34 0.30 0.64 0.31 0.05 0.36 — 1,602 1,602 0.07 0.02 0.22 1,610 2025 0.71 0.59 5.11 6.52 0.01 0.21 0.22 0.43 0.20 0.04 0.23 — 1,301 1,301 0.05 0.01 0.19 1,307 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.18 0.15 1.33 1.44 < 0.005 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.07 — 265 265 0.01 < 0.005 0.04 267 2025 0.13 0.11 0.93 1.19 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.04 — 215 215 0.01 < 0.005 0.03 216

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing (2024) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.63 0.53 4.53 4.54 0.01 0.27 — 0.27 0.25 — 0.25 — 632 632 0.03 0.01 — 634 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.14 0.14 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
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Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.03 0.03 0.24 0.24 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 32.9 32.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 33.0 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.01 0.01 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.45 5.45 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.47 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — — Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 144 144 0.01 < 0.005 0.58 146 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.97 6.97 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 7.06 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.15 1.15 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.17 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3. Linear, Grading & Excavation (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.81 4.05 37.0 37.9 0.07 1.71 — 1.71 1.58 — 1.58 — 7,644 7,644 0.31 0.06 — 7,670 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.97 0.97 — 0.10 0.10 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.81 4.05 37.0 37.9 0.07 1.71 — 1.71 1.58 — 1.58 — 7,644 7,644 0.31 0.06 — 7,670 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1273 of 1598
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Dust — — — — — — 0.97 0.97 — 0.10 0.10 — — — — — — —
From
Material
Movement
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.90 0.76 6.96 7.12 0.01 0.32 — 0.32 0.30 — 0.30 — 1,436 1,436 0.06 0.01 — 1,441 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.18 0.18 — 0.02 0.02 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.17 0.14 1.27 1.30 < 0.005 0.06 — 0.06 0.05 — 0.05 — 238 238 0.01 < 0.005 — 239 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.03 0.03 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.23 0.21 0.19 3.38 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.52 0.00 0.12 0.12 — 576 576 0.02 0.02 2.30 585 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 31.4 31.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.09 32.9 Hauling 0.01 < 0.005 0.13 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 104 104 0.01 0.02 0.22 110 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1274 of 1598
15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd. Detailed Report, 4/22/2024 11 / 30
Worker 0.22 0.20 0.23 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.52 0.00 0.12 0.12 — 528 528 0.03 0.02 0.06 534 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 31.4 31.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 32.8 Hauling 0.01 < 0.005 0.13 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 104 104 0.01 0.02 0.01 110 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 101 101 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.19 102 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.89 5.89 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 6.17 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.6 19.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 20.6 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 16.6 16.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 16.9 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.98 0.98 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.02 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.25 3.25 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.41

3.5. Linear, Grading & Excavation (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.39 3.69 32.6 36.9 0.07 1.46 — 1.46 1.35 — 1.35 — 7,645 7,645 0.31 0.06 — 7,671 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.97 0.97 — 0.10 0.10 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1275 of 1598
15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd. Detailed Report, 4/22/2024 12 / 30
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.23 0.20 1.72 1.95 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.07 — 0.07 — 404 404 0.02 < 0.005 — 405 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.05 0.05 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.04 0.04 0.31 0.36 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 66.9 66.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 67.1 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.01 0.01 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.19 0.17 0.19 2.35 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.52 0.00 0.12 0.12 — 517 517 0.02 0.02 0.05 523 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 30.9 30.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 32.3 Hauling 0.01 < 0.005 0.13 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 103 103 0.01 0.02 0.01 108 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 27.7 27.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 28.1 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.63 1.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.71 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1276 of 1598
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Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.42 5.42 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 5.70 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.58 4.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.65 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.27 0.27 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.28 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.90 0.90 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.94

3.7. Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade (2025) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

2.25 1.88 17.2 19.9 0.04 0.69 — 0.69 0.64 — 0.64 — 4,090 4,090 0.17 0.03 — 4,104 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.41 0.41 — 0.04 0.04 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

2.25 1.88 17.2 19.9 0.04 0.69 — 0.69 0.64 — 0.64 — 4,090 4,090 0.17 0.03 — 4,104 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.41 0.41 — 0.04 0.04 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1277 of 1598
15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd. Detailed Report, 4/22/2024 14 / 30
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.35 0.29 2.68 3.11 0.01 0.11 — 0.11 0.10 — 0.10 — 639 639 0.03 0.01 — 641 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.06 0.06 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.06 0.05 0.49 0.57 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 106 106 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 106 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.01 0.01 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.14 0.13 0.12 2.14 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 387 387 0.02 0.01 1.44 393 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.13 0.12 0.13 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 355 355 0.02 0.01 0.04 360 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1278 of 1598
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Average — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily
Worker 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 56.3 56.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 57.1 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.32 9.32 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 9.45 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.9. Linear, Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.02 0.86 7.92 11.7 0.02 0.34 — 0.34 0.31 — 0.31 — 1,769 1,769 0.07 0.01 — 1,775 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.08 0.07 0.65 0.96 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 145 145 0.01 < 0.005 — 146 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — Redlands —Regular Meeting — of 12-17-2024 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1279 of —1598 — 15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd. Detailed Report, 4/22/2024 16 / 30
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.01 0.12 0.18 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 24.1 24.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 24.2 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.10 0.09 0.09 1.56 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.06 0.06 — 282 282 0.01 0.01 1.05 286 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 21.5 21.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 21.8 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.57 3.57 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 3.62 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1280 of 1598
15092 California St. and Redlands Blvd. Detailed Report, 4/22/2024 17 / 30
Vegetatio TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1281 of 1598
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Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Avoided——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
Sequest
ered
——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
Remove d——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
———————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Avoided——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
Sequest
ered
——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
Remove d——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
———————————————————
Annual——————————————————
Avoided——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
Sequest
ered
——————————————————
Subtotal——————————————————
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1282 of 1598
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Remove — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
d
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Linear, Grubbing & Land
Clearing
Linear, Grubbing & Land
Clearing
9/2/2024 9/26/2024 5.00 19.0 —
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
9/27/2024 1/27/2025 5.00 87.0 —
Linear, Drainage, Utilities, &
Sub-Grade
Linear, Drainage, Utilities, &
Sub-Grade
1/28/2025 4/16/2025 5.00 57.0 —
Linear, Paving Linear, Paving 4/17/2025 5/28/2025 5.00 30.0 —

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Linear, Grubbing &
Land Clearing
Crawler Tractors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 87.0 0.43
Linear, Grubbing &
Land Clearing
Excavators Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Linear, Grubbing &
Land Clearing
Signal Boards Electric Average 1.00 8.00 6.00 0.82
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Crawler Tractors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 87.0 0.43
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1283 of 1598
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Linear, Grading & Excavators Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Excavation
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Graders Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 148 0.41
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Rubber Tired Loaders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 150 0.36
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Scrapers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 423 0.48
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Signal Boards Electric Average 1.00 8.00 6.00 0.82
Linear, Grading &
Excavation
Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 37.0 0.48
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 14.0 0.74
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Plate Compactors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 8.00 0.43
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Pumps Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 11.0 0.74
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Rough Terrain Forklifts Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 96.0 0.40 Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Scrapers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 423 0.48
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Signal Boards Electric Average 1.00 8.00 6.00 0.82
Linear, Drainage,
Utilities, & Sub-Grade
Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Linear, Paving Pavers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 81.0 0.42 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1284 of 1598
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Linear, Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 89.0 0.36 Linear, Paving Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Linear, Paving Signal Boards Electric Average 1.00 8.00 6.00 0.82 Linear, Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 84.0 0.37

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing — — — —
Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing Worker 10.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing Vendor 0.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT Linear, Grubbing & Land Clearing Onsite truck — — HHDT
Linear, Grading & Excavation — — — —
Linear, Grading & Excavation Worker 40.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Linear, Grading & Excavation Vendor 1.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT Linear, Grading & Excavation Hauling 1.48 20.0 HHDT
Linear, Grading & Excavation Onsite truck — — HHDT
Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade — — — —
Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade Worker 27.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade Vendor 0.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT Linear, Drainage, Utilities, & Sub-Grade Onsite truck — — HHDT Linear, Paving — — — —
Linear, Paving Worker 20.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Linear, Paving
Redlands Regular Meeting of
Vendor
12-17-2024

0.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
1285 of 1598
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Linear, Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Linear, Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.

5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (cy) Material Exported (cy) Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (sq. ft.) Acres Paved (acres) Linear, Grubbing & Land
Clearing
— — 0.85 0.00 —
Linear, Grading & Excavation — 1,031 0.85 0.00 —
Linear, Drainage, Utilities, &
Sub-Grade
— — 0.85 0.00 —

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day) PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 3 74% 74%

5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
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Road Widening 0.85 100%

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Year and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Year kWh per Year CO2 CH4 N2O
2024 58.7 532 0.03 < 0.005
2025 88.1 532 0.03 < 0.005

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
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6.1. Climate Risk Summary
Cal-Adapt midcentury 2040–2059 average projections for four hazards are reported below for your project location. These are under Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 which assumes GHG emissions will continue to rise strongly through 2050 and then plateau around 2100.

Climate Hazard Result for Project Location Unit
Temperature and Extreme Heat 26.6 annual days of extreme heat Extreme Precipitation 4.20 annual days with precipitation above 20 mm Sea Level Rise 0.00 meters of inundation depth
Wildfire 6.46 annual hectares burned
Temperature and Extreme Heat data are for grid cell in which your project are located. The projection is based on the 98th historical percentile of daily maximum/minimum temperatures from observed historical data (32 climate model ensemble from Cal-Adapt, 2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

Extreme Precipitation data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The threshold of 20 mm is equivalent to about ¾ an inch of rain, which would be light to moderate rainfall if received over a full day or heavy rain if received over a period of 2 to 4 hours. Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

Sea Level Rise data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from Radke et al. (2017), as reported in Cal-Adapt (Radke et al., 2017, CEC-500-2017-008), and consider inundation location and depth for the San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and California coast resulting different increments of sea level rise coupled with extreme storm events.

Users may select from four scenarios to view the range in potential inundation depth for the grid cell. The four scenarios are: No rise, 0.5 meter, 1.0 meter, 1.41 meters Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of climate, vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 0 0 N/A
Wildfire 1 0 0 N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 0 0 0 N/A
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The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest ability to adapt.

The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores do not include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 1 1 3
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 1 1 2
Wildfire 1 1 1 2
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 1 1 1 2
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest ability to adapt.

The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 100
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AQ-PM 57.4
AQ-DPM 82.8
Drinking Water 96.3
Lead Risk Housing 29.2
Pesticides 74.7
Toxic Releases 44.2
Traffic 81.0
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 81.9
Groundwater 47.6
Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 96.8
Impaired Water Bodies 12.5
Solid Waste 0.00
Sensitive Population —
Asthma 34.7
Cardio-vascular 45.1
Low Birth Weights 75.6
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 39.2
Housing 89.1
Linguistic 17.3
Poverty 55.9
Unemployment 14.4

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
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Economic —
Above Poverty 37.76466059
Employed 27.51186963
Median HI 26.53663544
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 60.5800077
High school enrollment 100
Preschool enrollment 11.52316181
Transportation —
Auto Access 62.47914795
Active commuting 28.56409598
Social —
2-parent households 37.02040293
Voting 39.83061722
Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 30.07827538
Park access 50.53252919
Retail density 65.94379571
Supermarket access 72.28281791
Tree canopy 43.62889773
Housing —
Homeownership 9.303220839
Housing habitability 37.12305916
Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 73.38637239 Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 66.31592455
Uncrowded housing 31.19466188
Health Outcomes —
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Insured adults 48.58206082
Arthritis 92.2
Asthma ER Admissions 65.8
High Blood Pressure 95.2
Cancer (excluding skin) 82.6
Asthma 30.0
Coronary Heart Disease 94.7
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 71.2
Diagnosed Diabetes 92.6
Life Expectancy at Birth 79.7
Cognitively Disabled 52.2
Physically Disabled 60.6
Heart Attack ER Admissions 32.7
Mental Health Not Good 41.5
Chronic Kidney Disease 95.6
Obesity 56.2
Pedestrian Injuries 53.3
Physical Health Not Good 67.2
Stroke 91.3
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 13.6
Current Smoker 36.3
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 67.1
Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 0.0
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 7.3
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Elderly 81.9
English Speaking 84.0
Foreign-born 37.0
Outdoor Workers 85.1
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 69.4
Traffic Density 74.6
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 54.2
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 58.0

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a) 72.0 Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b) 32.0 Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535) No Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550) Yes Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617) No a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state. b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.

7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health & Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.

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7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
No Health & Equity Custom Measures created.

8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Construction: Off-Road Equipment 1 signal board assumed per phase Construction: Construction Phases Construction schedule provided by Project Applicant Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1294 of 1598
www.cascinc.com
1470 E. Cooley Drive
Colton, CA 92324
Office: 909.783.0101
Fax: 909.783.0108
May 10, 2023
City of Redlands
Ms. Jeanne Donaldson, City Clerk
35 Cajon Street
Redlands, California 92373
[email protected]
Direct: 909.798.7531
RE: Biological Site Assessment for Mission Zanja Channel Improvements, Redlands, California Dear Ms. Donaldson,
CASC Engineering and Consulting (CASC) is pleased to provide the results of a biological resources evaluation for the street and storm drain improvements within the City of Redlands (“City”). The City proposes to reconstruct the northwest corner of the California Street and Redlands Boulevard intersection and widen the west side of California Street. The California Street widening extends approximately 770 feet north of the Redlands Boulevard intersection. The Project site is located south of Interstate 10 (I-10) and extends into a portion of the Mission Zanja Channel (“Project Site”). The Project will include storm drain improvements that involve the construction of a triple reinforced concrete box (RCB) culvert and concrete transition structure in the Mission Zanja Channel. The Project area is located on three (3) irregular shaped parcels: Accessor’s Parcel Numbers (APNs) 0292-034-10, 0292- 034-11 & 0292-034-17.

The Project area within the Mission Zanja Channel currently consists of a culvert with two (2) concrete wingwalls, a parapet wall that projects to Redlands Boulevard, a concrete invert, retaining fences on either side of the channel, and rock lined soft bottom channel and walls. The Project includes the reconfiguration of the two (2) west lanes (designated combination right turn lane/through travel and travel lane) on California Street, the shoulder, culvert wingwalls, parapet wall, channel bottom, portions of the existing retaining fence, and sidewalk.

Additionally, the existing traffic signal at the California Street and Redlands Boulevard intersection and the electrical utility poles on California Street will be relocated.

Current Site Conditions and Findings
CASC’s biologist performed a reconnaissance level site assessment of the Project Site on April 4, 2023. The survey was conducted during daylight hours and the biologist was able to visually assess the entire Project Site.

Improvements within the Project area will include the widening of the street where it crosses Mission Zanja Creek.

Currently, the creek is soft bottom and sides with some grounted and ungrouted rip-rap within the channel and along the sides of the channel. See attachment for photographs 1 and 2 of the current condition of Mission Zanja Channel. Ruderal species noted on the edge of the box channel included stork’s bill (Erodium sp.), fox-tail (Bromus sp.), and wild oat (Avena sp.).

At the time of the survey there were no birds or bats noted nesting or their sign within the channel or noted on the bridge that traverses the channel. However, there is moderate probability of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) nesting on or within the concrete bridge structure which traverses Mission Zanja Channel.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1295 of 1598
www.cascinc.com
1470 E. Cooley Drive
Colton, CA 92324
Office: 909.783.0101
Fax: 909.783.0108
Recommendations
Special-Status Species
It is not expected that special-status plants will be impacted by improvements within Mission Zanja Channel. It is likely that a pre-emergent has been used in this area by the City to discourage weed. While at the time of the site assessment there were no bats or swallows noted, there is a likelihood of the occurrence of these species on and within the concrete structure that traverses Mission Zanja Channel (see photograph 2).

There is a moderate potential for special-status wildlife species to occur within the Project footprint. Barn swallow, cliff swallow and pallid bat have moderate potential to nest or occupy the concrete bridge structure which traverses Mission Zanja Channel.

Mitigation Measure: Prior to demolition of the structure, the bridge shall be inspected for the presence of barn swallow, cliff swallow, and pallid bat. If these species have taken up residence on or within the structure, then construction activities must wait until these species are no longer active and have vacated the area. If the Project schedule needs to be expedited and wildlife species are present, it will be necessary to consult with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). CDFW can provide recommendations for exclusionary measures to deter these species from inhabiting the structure.

Jurisdictional Delineation and USACE Consultation
Prior to the demolition of the concrete bridge over Mission Zanja Channel, or any activity that will directly or indirectly impact the bed and bank of Mission Zanja Channel (i.e., staging of equipment within or on the banks of the channel, removal of exiting concrete and rip rap within the channel, demolition of the bridge, etc.), consultation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) will be required for replacement or improvements to the existing bridge, storm drain improvements, and the construction of a triple reinforced concrete box (RCB) culvert and concrete transition structure in the Mission Zanja Channel.

Mitigation Measure: A jurisdictional delineation of Mission Zanja Channel shall be performed to determine the impacts and limits of the improvements within the channel. Further, this information shall be included in a permit application submitted for approval by the USACE.

If you have any additional needs or questions, I may be reached at 951.216.9933 or [email protected].

CASC ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING
Kim Boydstun
Senior Biologist/Project Manager
951-216-9933
[email protected]
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1296 of 1598

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Mission Zanja Channel Improvements, Redlands, Calif.

Photograph 1. Looking Northwest at Mission Zanja Channel.

Note soft bottom and sides with rip rap are currently in place for stabilization.

Photograph 2. Looking Southeast at Mission Zanja Channel and existing bridge over California Street.

Improvements and widening of the existing bridge will occur here.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1297 of 1598
California Street/Redlands Boulevard Widening Project
APNs: 0292-034-[10, 11, 17]
City of Redlands, County of San Bernardino, California

JURISDICTIONAL DELINEATION REPORT
Prepared For:

City of Redlands
Attention: City Clerk
35 Cajon Street
Redlands, CA 92373
Phone: (909) 798.7531
[email protected]
Prepared By:

CASC Engineering and Consulting, Inc.
27710 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 105
Temecula, California 92590
Contact: Dennis Peterson, Senior Biologist
Phone: 949.350.7358
[email protected]
August 2023
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1298 of 1598
Section 1 Introduction
This Jurisdictional Delineation Report presents the results of a delineation of aquatic resources and drainage features conducted for the California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project (Project) in the City of Redlands. The City of Redlands (“City”) proposes to reconstruct the northwest corner of the California Street and Redlands Boulevard intersection and widen the west side of California Street (Figure 1, Regional Vicinity). The California Street widening extends approximately 770 feet north of the Redlands Boulevard intersection.

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION
The Project site is located south of Interstate 10 (I-10) and extends into a portion of the Mission Zanja Channel. The Project includes storm drain improvements that involve the construction of a triple reinforced concrete box (RCB) culvert and concrete transition structure in the Mission Zanja Channel. The property consists of three parcel, Accessor’s Parcel Number (APN): 0292-034-10, 0292-034-11, and 0292-034-17 as seen on U.S. Geological Society (USGS) 7.5-minute Redlands Quadrangle (Figure 2, USGS Quadrangle Map).

1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION
The Project site is located within the western portion of the City of Redlands and is surrounded by commercial uses to the north and east, high density residential uses to the southeast, open space to the northwest, high density residential uses within the City of Loma Linda to the west, and an elementary school within the City of Loma Linda to the southwest. Surrounding recreational uses include the multi-use Orange Blossom Trail that runs parallel to the Mission Zanja Channel.

The City proposes to widen the west side of California Street, north of Redlands Boulevard and south of the existing Anthem Oil gas station. California Street is classified as a Major Arterial roadway and the proposed widening Project is designed to accommodate the high volume of motorists that utilize the roadway to travel between residential areas, major activity centers, and the I-10 and I-215 freeways.

The proposed storm drain improvements consist of the construction of a reinforced concrete block triple culvert totaling fifty-four (54) feet wide and eleven (11) feet tall in the Mission Zanja Channel.

The RCB culvert is comprised of concrete transition structures, a sloped concrete invert, the installation of a guard rail, and a 6-foot-tall chain link fence. The specifications for the culvert are in accordance with the County of San Bernardino Flood Control Standards and the Standard Plans for Public Works Construction (SPPWC) Standards. Construction of the Project is proposed to commence in Spring 2024 and be completed by Winter 2024.

California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
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California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
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For this jurisdictional delineation field survey and report, the location assessed and considered the Project site consisted of Mission Zanja Channel North of Redlands Boulevard as shown in Figure 3, Jurisdictional Delineation Limits and Photo Point Location Map.

1.3 REGULATORY BACKGROUND
Several regulations have been established by federal, state, and local agencies to protect and conserve aquatic resources. The descriptions below provide a brief overview of agency regulations that may be applicable to the project. Regulatory agencies make the final determination of whether a project requires authorization pursuant to these regulations.

1.3.1 APPLICABLE AQUATIC RESOURCE PROTECTION REGULATIONS Clean Water Act
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is authorized to regulate any activity that would result in the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the U.S. (including wetlands), which include those waters listed in 33 CFR 328.3 (USACE 2020). USACE, with oversight from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), has the principal authority to issue CWA Section 404 permits. The USACE would require a Standard Individual Permit (SIP) for more than minimal cumulative adverse effects on the environment may meet the conditions of an existing Nationwide Permit (NWP) (USACE 2021).

A water quality certification or waiver pursuant to Section 401 of the CWA is required for all Section 404 permitted actions. The Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), a division of the State Water Resources Control Board, provides oversight of the 401-certification process in California. The RWQCB is required to provide “certification that there is reasonable assurance that an activity that may result in the discharge to waters of the United States will not violate water quality standards.” Water Quality Certification must be based on the finding that proposed discharge will comply with applicable water quality standards.

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) is the permitting program for discharge of pollutants into surface waters of the U.S. under Section 402 of the CWA.

California Fish and Game Code Sections 1600-1602
Pursuant to Division 2, Chapter 6, Section 1602 of the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC), CDFW regulates all diversions, obstructions, or changes to the natural flow or bed, channel or bank of any river, stream or lake that supports fish or wildlife. A Notification of Lake or Streambed Alteration must be submitted to California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) for “any activity that may substantially divert or obstruct the natural flow or substantially change the bed, channel, or bank of any river, stream, or lake.” CDFW has jurisdiction over riparian habitats associated with watercourses. Jurisdictional waters are delineated by the outer edge of riparian vegetation (i.e., drip line) or at the top of the bank of streams or lakes, whichever is wider (CDFW 2010, 2023). CDFW jurisdiction does not include tidal areas or isolated resources. CDFW 2 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1300 of 1598
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[Date]
reviews the proposed actions and, if necessary, submits (to the applicant) a proposal that includes measures to protect affected fish and wildlife resources. The final proposal that is mutually agreed upon by the CDFW and applicant is the Lake or Streambed Alteration Agreement
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (Water Code Section 13000 et seq.) provides for statewide coordination of water quality regulations. The State Water Resources Control Board was established as the statewide authority and nine separate RWQCBs were developed to oversee water quality on a day-to-day basis. The RWQCB is the primary agency responsible for protecting water quality in California. As discussed above, the RWQCB regulates discharges to surface waters under the federal CWA. In addition, the RWQCB is responsible for administering the California Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act.

Pursuant to the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act, the state is given authority to regulate waters of the state, which are defined as any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters. As such, any person proposing to discharge waste into a water body that could affect its water quality must first file a Report of Waste Discharge if Section 404 is not required for the activity. “Waste” is partially defined as any waste substance associated with human habitation, including fill material discharged into water bodies.
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1.4 CONTACT INFORMATION
Applicant and Property Owner:

City of Redlands
Attention: City Clerk
35 Cajon Street
Redlands, CA 92373
Phone: (909) 798.7531
[email protected]
Agent:

CASC Engineering and Consulting
Dennis Peterson, Senior Biologist
27710 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 105
Temecula, CA 92590
[email protected]
Phone: (949) 350.7358
4 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1302 of 1598
Santa Ana River
210
215
10 Foothill Fwy
Riverside Fwy
San Bernardino Fwy
scoy Barstow Fwy
Del Rosa
Grand Terrace
Colton
San
Bernardino
Box Springs
Mountain
Reserve
Highgrove
Santa Ana River
330
10 10
Foothill
Fwy
San Bernardino
Fwy
San Timoteo
Nature
Sanctuary
San Bernardino
Int'l Airport
Mentone
Patton
Warner
West Highlands
Loma Linda
Highland
Redlands
Herngt '
Preser
El
Project Location
Figure 1 Kern County
Los Angeles
County
Orange
County
Riverside
County
San
Bernardino
County
San Diego
County
Ventura
County
Regional Vicinity ±
0 1 2
Miles
1" = 2 Miles
Aerial: ESRI World Imagery, 12/20/2022; ESRI USA Topo Maps County: ESRI USA Counties, accessed 8/11/2023
Map Date: 8/11/2023
APN: 0292-34-[10, 11, 17]
California Street & Redlands Blvd Intersection/Mission Zanja Channel Redlands, CA
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1303 of 1598
Cajon Butler Peak
Devore
El Casco
Fontana
Harrison
Mountain
Keller Peak
Lake
Arrowhead
Lake Mathews Perris Lakeview
Redlands
Riverside
East
Riverside
West
San
Bernardino
North
San
Bernardino
South
Silverwood
Lake
Steele Peak
Sunnymead
Yucaipa
Project Location
Figure 2
USGS Quadrangle Index
±

7.5 Minute Quadrangle Index
0 2 4
Miles
1" = 4 Miles
Aerial: ESRI World Topographic Map and World Hillshade
USGS 1:24,000 Topographic Maps 7.5- by 7.5-minute quadrangles, accessed 8/11/2023 Map Date: 8/11/2023
APN: 0292-34-[10, 11, 17]
California Street & Redlands Blvd Intersection/Mission Zanja Channel Redlands, CA
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1304 of 1598
California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
[Date]
Section 2 Methodology
Prior to the on-site delineation, field maps were created using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and incorporating topographic maps with two-foot contours and a color aerial photograph at a 1:100 scale. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) data was overlaid on a USGS topographic map of the area to further determine the locations of potential areas of jurisdiction. Google Earth was utilized to assess the presence or absence of visible flow patterns historically and in recent years.

Dennis Peterson and Katelyn Faulkner of Casc Engineering and Consulting (Casc) conducted the jurisdictional delineation field visit on June 27, 2023. Areas with depressions, drainage patterns, and/or wetland vegetation within the project site boundary were evaluated for potential jurisdictional status, with focus on the presence of defined channels and/or wetland vegetation, soils and hydrology. Field staff examined potential jurisdictional wetland areas using the methods set forth in the Corps 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual (Wetland Manual) (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the 2008 Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region Version 2.0 (Arid West Supplement) (Corps 2008a). Wetland plant indicator status was determined using the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL; Corps 2020) and hydric soils indicators on Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, Version 8.1 National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS 2023). Soil chromas were identified in the field according to Munsell's Soil Color Charts (Kollmorgen 2000).

Lateral limits of potential non-wetland waters of the US, waters of the State, and RWQCB were identified using field indicators of an ordinary high-water mark (OHWM) as described in A Field Guide to the Identification of the Ordinary High Water Mark in the Arid West Region of the Western United States (Corps 2008b). For each feature exhibiting potential presence of an OHMW, Casc completed a 2010 Arid West Ephemeral and Intermittent Streams OHWM Datasheet (OHWM Datasheet).

CDFW potential jurisdictional boundaries were determined based on the presence of a streambed (i.e., bed and bank) and associated riparian habitat. Streambeds considered within CDFW jurisdiction were delineated based on the following definition: "a body of water that flows at least periodically or intermittently through a bed or channel having banks and supporting fish or other aquatic life. This includes watercourses having a surface or subsurface flow that supports riparian vegetation" (Title 14, Section 1.72). Riparian habitat refers to vegetation and habitat associated with a stream. The CDFW jurisdictional habitat includes all riparian, shrub or tree canopy that may extend beyond the banks of a stream.

While in the field, potentially jurisdictional features were recorded using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) (Arrow 100) unit with a level of accuracy within one foot. 7 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1305 of 1598
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Section 3 Results

3.1 TOPOGRAPHY
Elevations on-site range from 1,100 and 1,200 feet above mean sea level. Potentially jurisdictional areas on the project site include the Mission Zanja Channel which flows south to north though the Project site.

3.2 WATERSHED
The proposed Project site is within the Santa Ana River Hydrologic Unit Code [HUC] 8 (18070202), Upper Santa River Watershed HUC 10 (1807020305), and the Mission Zanja HUC 12 (180702030506) sub-watershed. USGS NHD and USFWS NWI maps both map this feature as an intermittent stream (Figure 4, National Wetlands Inventory Map). The Mission Zanja Channel is a tributary to the Santa Ana River which connects approximately 2.75 miles downstream of the Project site. The Santa Ana River ultimately drains into the Pacific Ocean.

3.3 HYDROLOGY
To date, the rainfall for 2023 in the Project region has been recorded at 12.19 inches. This total is more than 2 inches above the 10-year annual average of 10.03 inches. This is indicative of a relatively wet year where evidence of recent hydrology should be easily observable in the field.

Annual precipitation data for the Project region is shown below in Table 1 Precipitation Data for Redlands, California. This table describes the estimated monthly total and average precipitation for the Project region between 2013 and 2023. Casc’s biologists accessed precipitation data through the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Agricultural Applied Climate Information System (AgACIS) database from the Redlands Station in San Bernardino County on June 31, 2023. Table 1 utilizes the Redlands Station precipitation data.

The field survey conducted on June 27, 2023, occurred during above-average historic precipitation (0.08 inch) for the month of June, which averaged 0.02 inches between 2013-2023 (Table 1).
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Table 1. Precipitation Data for Redlands, California
Monthly Total Precipitation (inches) for Redlands,
CA
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 2013 1.28 1.43 0.92 0.02 0.24 0 0.2 0.11 0 0.59 1.33 0.31 6.43 2014 0.03 1.91 0.48 1.13 0.01 0 0 1.25 0 0 0.39 3.97 9.17 2015 0.53 0.93 0.51 0.53 0.8 0 1.66 0 0.98 0.35 0.24 1 7.53 2016 3.4 0.23 1.41 1.11 0.08 0 0 0 0.01 0.82 1.39 3.89 12.34 2017 7.02 2.61 0.1 0.01 0.27 0 0 0.19 0.01 0.01 0.05 0 10.27 2018 3.4 0.4 2.06 0 0.37 0 0.11 0 0 0.87 1.1 1.43 9.74
2019 3.17 5.66 2.24 0.07 1.44 0.01 0 0 0 0 2.69 2.77 18.05 2020 0.11 0.38 4.85 4.37 0 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.69 1.37 11.79 2021 2.2 0.28 1.59 0.01 0 0.12 0.34 0.02 0.01 0.6 0 4.24 9.41 2022 0.31 0.34 0.71 0.28 0.04 0.02 0 0 0.73 0.47 1.56 1.06 5.52 2023 4.85 3.77 2.75 0.17 0.57 0.08 M M M M M M M
Mean 2.39 1.63 1.6 0.7 0.35 0.02 0.23 0.16 0.17 0.37 0.94 2 10.03 *Per AgACIS database: “Monthly summarized data - means, sums, daily extremes or frequencies for the selected variable for each month of the year for the selected range of years. HDD, CDD and GDD are heating, cooling and growing degree days, respectively. Note: trace precipitation/snowfall/snow depth amounts are treated as zero in sums, means, and frequency counts. Annual average temperatures are the average of the twelve-monthly values. Values of 'M' indicate missing data and 'T' indicates a trace.”

3.4 SOILS
Per the NRCS soil survey, the Project site consists of soils characterized as Hanford sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (Figure 5, Soils Map). This series is characteristically well drained with very low runoff potential. This soil is considered prime farmland if irrigated. The proportion of soils rated as hydric is zero.

3.5 FEATURES OBSERVED
Casc’s biologists investigated the Mission Zanja Channel. This feature is classified as R4SBC by the NWI (Figure 4). This classification specifies a riverine intermittent streambed that is seasonally flooded. In addition, this drainage is manipulated in the form of a manmade excavated drainage flowing from a concrete box that passes under the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and California Street and into an excavated channel. Within the Project site a portion of the substrate is concrete lined and likely not jurisdictional.
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[Date]
In order to be considered a jurisdictional wetland under Section 404, an area must possess three wetland characteristics: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Hydrophytic vegetation is plant life that grows, and is typically adapted for life, in permanently or periodically saturated soils. The hydrophytic vegetation criterion is met if more than 50 percent of the dominant plant species from all strata (tree, shrub, and herb layers) is considered hydrophytic. To be considered hydrophytic, the species must have wetland indicator status, i.e., be rated as obligate (OBL: occurring primarily in wetlands), facultative wet (FACW: occurring usually in wetlands) or facultative (FAC: equally likely to occur in wetlands and non-wetlands).

Where the concrete ends the substrate becomes coarse sand, pebble, and cobble to a depth well below 20 inches and is very well drained, and completely lacking the potential for hydric soils to develop. Given this field observation combined with the lack of hydric soils mapped in the area a wetland should not occur within the Project site. As a result, wetland sample points were not needed in the field. At the time of the site visit water was flowing north out of the concrete lined channel passing under the intersection. The water flowed north and quickly percolated below the surface upon reaching the coarse sand, pebble, and cobble substrate. Representative site photos are show in Appendix A and photo point locations are shown on Figure 3.

Because of these field conditions, Casc’s biologist subsequently completed an Arid West Ephemeral and Intermittent Streams Ordinary High Watermark (OHWM) Datasheet to determine jurisdictional boundaries of observed non-wetland waters (Appendix B, OHWM Data Sheets). The lateral extent of USACE jurisdiction was measured at the OHWM which in this case was toe of slope. The streambed was primarily unvegetated and indicators for OHWM were a break in bank and slop, change of vegetation cover, and drift and debris deposits.

The lateral extent of a CDFW jurisdictional streambed can be measured in several ways depending on the particular situation. The outer edge of riparian vegetation is used as the line of demarcation between riparian and upland habitats and is therefore an identifiable boundary of the lateral extent of a CDFW jurisdictional drainage. On smaller streams or dry washes with little or no riparian habitat, the top of bank-to-top of bank width (TOB) is used to mark the lateral extent of the jurisdictional drainage, as was the case for this jurisdictional delineation. The vegetation community within this drainage is ruderal, consisting of mostly non-native species (Figure 6, Vegetation Communities). The vegetation that occurs right around the OHWM and extends upslope does contain some hydrophytic species. This includes seep monkey flower (Erythranthe guttata) (OBL), curly dock (Rumex crispus) (FAC), and tall sedge (Cyperus eragrostis) (FACW).

The presence of these hydrophytic species is consistent with vegetation that is influenced by the streambed and contained within the barrier fence installed above the rip rap on the excavated slope. The TOB at this location is determined to be at the location of the barrier fence. Appendix C and D is a compendia of plant and wildlife recorded during the field survey.

The Project site consists of Mission Zanja Channel with an average OHWM of approximately 25 feet and a CDFW streambed bank-full width of approximately 45 feet. The channel slopes from south to north and converges with the Santa Ana River approximately 2.75 miles north (downstream) of the Project site.
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[Date]

3.6 JURISDICTIONAL RESOURCES AND ANALYSIS
Non-wetland waters of the U.S.

Waters of the U.S. (WoUS) are defined as: “All waters used in interstate or foreign commerce; all interstate waters including interstate wetlands; all other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent and ephemeral streams), mudflats, sand flats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes or natural ponds, where the use, degradation, or destruction of which could affect interstate commerce; impoundments of these waters; tributaries of these waters; or wetlands adjacent to these waters”. CWA jurisdiction exists over the following:

1. all traditional navigable waters (TNWs);

2. all wetlands adjacent to TNWs;

3. non-navigable tributaries of TNWs that are relatively permanent (RPW) (i.e., tributaries that typically flow year-round or have continuous flow at least seasonally); and

4. every water body determined to have a significant nexus with TNWs.

Mission Zanja Channel is an intermittent stream that flows during rain events, likely for less than 5 months per year, and would therefore be classified as a non-relatively permanent water (RPW) by the USACE. This channel feature flows into a RPW, the Santa Ana River. The Mission Zanja Channel /Santa Ana River confluence is located approximately 2.75 miles downstream of the project location. The Santa Ana River terminates at the Pacific Ocean, a Traditionally Navigable Water (TNW). Mission Zanja Channel has a surface water connection to a TNW, and therefore would be considered a jurisdictional WoUS. Due to the proximity of the unnamed drainage to Mission Zanja Channel and the Santa Ana River, it is likely that the USACE would consider it to have a “significant nexus” with a TNW and be considered a jurisdictional WoUS.

Wetlands
There is no historical, biological, or hydrological evidence that would indicate the presence of wetland features. No swales, ephemeral ponds, or stock ponds are present on the Project site.

There are no depressions on the Project site. None of the mapped soils on site are listed on the USDA-NRCS National Hydric Soils List. The duration, timing, and frequency of inundation on the Project site provides no indication or validation of wetland ecology. Water does not accumulate on surface for seasonal periods (more than 3 weeks) of inundation. Clay soils are not mapped on site. The site lacks the water retention capabilities necessary to support wetlands. The biological functions and values of wetlands do not exist on site.

Areas meeting all three parameters would be designated as USACE wetlands. All three requirements were not met. Therefore, no wetlands were identified in the study area during this investigation.
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[Date]
Aquatic Feature
Wetland Waters of
U.S./State
Non-wetland Waters
of U.S./State
Waters of the
State
(Unvegetated
Streambed)
Waters of the
State (Riparian
Habitat)
(USACE/RWRCB) (USACE/RWRCB) (CDFW) (CDFW)
Acres
Linear
Feet Acres
Linear
Feet Acres
Linear
Feet Acres
Linear
Feet
The Mission Zanja
Channel
0 0 0.452 806 0.739 806 0.0 0
Total 0 0 0.452 806 0.739 806 0.0 0
Aquatic Feature
Wetland Waters of
U.S./State
Non-wetland Waters
of U.S./State
Waters of the
State
(Unvegetated
Streambed)
Waters of the
State (Riparian
Habitat)
(USACE/RWRCB) (USACE/RWRCB) (CDFW) (CDFW)
Acres
Linear
Feet Acres
Linear
Feet Acres
Linear
Feet Acres
Linear
Feet
The Mission Zanja
Channel
0 0 0.017 35 0.030 35 0.0 0
Total 0 0 0.017 35 0.030 35 0.0 0
Vegetation Type Acreage within 500-ft Buffer Acreage within Project Site Agricultural 1.75 0.00
Annual Non-native Grassland 3.71 0.20
Developed/Disturbed 30.00 0.27
Ornamental 0.64 0.00
Unvegetated Streambed 0.76 0.03
TOTAL 36.86 0.50
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3.7 PROPOSED JURISDICTIONAL IMPACTS
Permanent impacts at the proposed Project site would be limited to the portion of the streambed and associated banks that are not currently lined with concrete. The Project site contains no wetland WoUS or wetland waters of the state, and lacked aquatic features with all three wetland indicators (i.e., hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrology). The Project site includes

0.017 acre (35 linear feet) of potential non-wetland WoUS and waters of the state, subject to USACE and RWQCB jurisdiction. The Project site contains 0.030 acre (35 linear feet) potentially subject to CDFW jurisdiction (Table 2, Potential Jurisdictional Aquatic Features, Table 3, Potential Impacts by Jurisdiction). The limits of CDFW jurisdiction include non-wetland WoUS, and extend beyond, to include the full extent of the riparian corridor defined here as top of bank. The lack of riparian vegetation at the Project site further supports these conclusions (Table 4, Vegetation Communities at the Project Site).
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10 San Bernardino Fwy 10
San Bernardino Fwy
Metrolink
Snowden Ave
Redlands Blvd
California St
California St
Mission
Elementary
School
Feature 1
1 2
3 4
5 6
Figure 3
Jurisdictional Delineation Limits
and Photo Point Location Map
±
0 100 200
Feet
1" = 200 Feet
Aerial: ESRI World Imagery, 12/20/2022
Map Date: 8/23/2023
Project Boundary
500-ft Buffer
Photo Points
OHWM
Potentially Jurisdictional Waters
CDFW

CDFW/USACE/RWQCB
APN: 0292-34-[10, 11, 17]
California Street & Redlands Blvd Intersection/Mission Zanja Channel Redlands, CA
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wden Ave
rdigan Pl
10 10
Orange Tree Ln
San Bernardino Fwy
San Bernardino Fwy
Metrolink
Snowden Ave
Redlands Blvd
California S t California S
t
Mission
Elementary
School
10 Rancho Dr
Amigos Dr
Figure 4
± National Wetland Inventory Map
0 150 300
Feet
1" = 300 Feet
Aerial: ESRI World Imagery, 12/20/2022
NWI: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10/7/2022, accessed 8/12/2023 Map Date: 8/12/2023
Project Boundary
500-ft Buffer
USA Wetlands
River
APN: 0292-34-[10, 11, 17]
California Street & Redlands Blvd Intersection/Mission Zanja Channel Redlands, CA
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nowden Ave
Cardigan Pl
10 10
Orange Tree Ln
San Bernardino Fwy
San Bernardino Fwy
Metrolink
Snowden Ave
Redlands Blvd
California St
California S t
Mission
Elementary
School
10 Rancho
Amigos Dr
HbA
Figure 5
Soils ±
0 150 300
Feet
1" = 300 Feet
Aerial: ESRI World Imagery, 12/20/2022
Soils: USDA-NRCS, accessed 8/12/2023
Map Date: 8/12/2023
Project Boundary
500-ft Buffer
Soils
HbA; Hanford sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
APN: 0292-34-[10, 11, 17]
California Street & Redlands Blvd Intersection/Mission Zanja Channel Redlands, CA
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10 San Bernardino Fwy 10
San Bernardino Fwy
Metrolink
Snowden Ave
Redlands Blvd
California S t California St
Mission
Elementary
School
Amigo
Figure 6
s Dr
Vegetation Communities ±
0 125 250
Feet
1" = 250 Feet
Aerial: ESRI World Imagery, 12/20/2022
Map Date: 8/12/2023
Project Boundary
500-ft Buffer
Vegetation Communities
Agricultural
Annual Non-native Grassland
Developed/Disturbed
Ornamental
Unvegetated Streambed
APN: 0292-34-[10, 11, 17]
California Street & Redlands Blvd Intersection/Mission Zanja Channel Redlands, CA
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[Date]
Section 4 Recommendations
A top priority for any Project that has jurisdictional waters on site is to avoid all impacts to those areas. However, impacts cannot be avoided in this case as Project improvements will occur to the road and flood control channel for public safety purposes. This Project is intended to improve traffic flow by realigning the road and improve the channel’s flood control function by way of installing concrete box culverts. Therefore, all Project-related impacts to jurisdictional waters are considered permanent. Authorizations from the USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW are required for any permanent impacts to jurisdictional areas. Subject to regulatory approvals from USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW, and compliance with applicable conditions of approval, less than significant impacts are anticipated.

Permanent and temporary fills and discharges (impacts) to WoUS are regulated by USACE under Section 404 of the CWA (33 USC 401 et seq.; 33 USC 1344; USC 1413; and Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers 33 CFR Part 323). Impacts to WoUS would require a CWA Section 404 permit from the Los Angeles District USACE. If impacts cannot be avoided, the proposed activities would likely be considered consistent with those covered under a Nationwide Permit.

A CWA Section 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) administered by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) or RWQCB must be issued prior to any 404 Permit. The USACE jurisdictional areas addressed in this report would also be subject to 401 Certification by the RWQCB. There are no isolated waters or wetlands under RWQCB jurisdiction within the Project site that would be subject to the State Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act only. If impacts to WoUS are proposed, a 401 WQC from the Santa Ana RWQCB would be required.

The CDFW regulates temporary and permanent alterations or impacts to streambeds or lakes under California Fish and Game Code Sections 1600 et seq. Notification of Lake or Streambed Alteration to CDFW is required for projects that will divert or obstruct the natural flow of water; change the bed, channel, or bank of any stream; or use any material from a streambed. A Streambed Alteration Agreement (SAA) is issued by CDFW as a contract between the applicant and CDFW stating what activities can occur in the riparian zone and stream course (California Association of Resource Conservation Districts 2002). If impacts to CDFW jurisdiction are proposed, Notification of Lake or Streambed Alteration would be required by CDFW. 18 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1316 of 1598
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Section 5 References
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2010. A Review of Stream Processes and Forms in Dryland Watersheds. December 2010. Prepared by Kris Vyverberg, Conservation Engineering Program, Sacramento, CA.
______. 2023 Fish and Wildlife Code of California. Available at: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/.

Accessed August 2023.

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2023. Manual of California Vegetation Online. Available online at:
https://vegetation.cnps.org/. Accessed August 2023.

Google Earth. 2023. Aerial Images: Lat 34.063025, Lon -117.226110: May 12, 2023 - April 15 2020; Accessed August 2023.

National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Agricultural Applied Climate Information System (AgACIS) Database. Monthly Total Precipitation for Redlands, CA Station, 2007-2018. https://agacis.rcc-acis.org/ Accessed June 2023.

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2021. Reissuance and Modification of Nationwide Permits, Final Rule. Federal Register 86 (8): 2744–2877. January 13, 2021. ______. 2020a. The Navigable Waters Protection Rule: Definition of “Waters of the United States”; Final Rule. Federal Register 85 (77): 22250–22342. April 21, 2020. ______. 2020b. National Wetland Plant List; Final Notice. Federal Register 85 (96): 29689–29691. May 18, 2020.
______. 2012. National Wetlands Plant List Indicator Rating Definitions. US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. ERDC/CRREL. Publication ERDC/CRREL TN-12-1. Published July 2012. Lichvar, R.W., N.C Melvin, M.L. Butterwick, W.L. Kirchner.
______. 2010. Updated Datasheet for the Identification of the Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) in the Arid West Region of the Western United States. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Publication ERDC/CRREL TN-10-1. Published July 2010. K.E. Curtis and R.W. Lichvar. ______. 2008a. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0). US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. ERDC/CRREL. Publication ERDC/EL TR08-28. Published September 2008. ______.2008b. A Field Guide to the Identification of the Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) in the Arid West Region of the Western United States. US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center. Publication ERDC/CRREL TR-08-12. Lichvar, R.W., and S.M. McColley. ———. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Wetlands Research Program Technical Report Y-87-1. Department of the Army, Vicksburg, VA. U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station.

Hickman. J.C. [ed.].

United States Department of Agriculture. NRCS 2023. Web Soil Survey. Available at:
https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/. Accessed July 2023 ______. 2023b. Natural Resource Conservation Service Soils. Lists of Hydric Soils. Available at:
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/use/hydric/. Accessed July 2023 19 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1317 of 1598
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United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2023. US. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. National Wetlands Inventory. Wetlands Mapper. Available at:
https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/Mapper.html. Accessed July 2023.

United States Geological Service (USGS). 2021a. National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) 1:24,000. ______. 2023b. Watershed Boundary Dataset. Available at: https://www.usgs.gov/core-sciencesystems/ngp/national-hydrography/watershed-boundary-dataset?qtscience_support_page_related_con=4#qt-science_support_page_related_con. Accessed July 2023.
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Appendix A Representative Site Photographs
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APPENDIX A-1

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
Photo Point 1. Water entering north side of intersection and end of concrete lining.

Photo Point 2. Water entring streambed and quickly percolating below the surface.

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www.cascinc.com
APPENDIX A-2

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
Photo Point 3. Northern portion of Zanaja Channel in Survey Area.

Photo Point 4. Overview of Project Area. Barrier fence visible on right side and corresponds with top of bank.

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www.cascinc.com
APPENDIX A-3

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
Photo Point 5. Zanaja Channel north of Project Area.

Photo Point 6. OHWM visible at toe of slope near vegetation line. TOB visible at Barrier fence.

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Appendix B Data Sheets
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California Street and Redlands Boulevard Widening Project Jurisdictional Delineation Report
Appendices C Plant Species
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www.cascinc.com

APPENDIX C
Plant Compendia
The following vascular plant species were observed by CASC at the Project Site in Redlands, California on June 27, 2023.
*Indicates introduced nonnative species

SPECIES/SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY/COMMON NAME

ANGIOSPERMAE FLOWERING PLANTS

ADOXACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY
Sambucus racemosa var. racemose red elderberry

ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) SUNFLOWER FAMILY
Ambrosia psilostachya ragweed
Centaurea melitensis* maltese star-thistle*
Erigeron bonariensis* hairy fleabane*
Erigeron canadensis horseweed
Helianthus annuus hairy leaved sunflower
Helianthus petiolaris ssp. Petiolaris* prairie sunflower* Sonchus oleraceus* sow thistle*

COMMELINACEAE DAYFLOWER FAMILY
Commelina benghalensis* dayflower*

CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY
Cyperus eragrostis tall flatsedge

FABACEAE LEGUME FAMILY
Melilotus indicus* yellow sweet clover*

GERIANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY
Erodium cicutarium * common stork’s-bill*

ONAGRACEAE EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY
Oenothera biennis* small flowered evening primrose*

PHRYMACEAE MONKEY-FLOWER FAMILY
Erythranthe guttata seep monkeyflower

POLYGONACEAE BUCKWHEAT FAMILY
Persicaria lapathifolia pale smartweed
Rumex crispus* curly dock*

SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY
Datura wrightii jimsonweed
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www.cascinc.com

SPECIES/SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY/COMMON NAME

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE TWINLEAF FAMILY
Tribulus terrestris* puncture vine*

MONOCOTYLEDONES MONOCOTS

POACEAE GRASS FAMILY
Eragrostis cilianensis* stinkgrass*
Lolium perenne* perennial ryegrass*
Panicum capillare old witch grass
Floral compendia identified during surveys were recorded in terms of relative abundance and host habitat type. Floral taxonomy used in this report follows the Jepson Manual (Hickman 1993) and for sensitive species, the California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Inventory, 5th Edition (Pavlik and Skinner 1994). Additional common plant names are taken from Munz (1974) and Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf (2009) Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1329 of 1598
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Appendices D Wildlife Species
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APPENDIX D
Wildlife Compendia
The following is a list of wildlife species recorded by CASC at the Project Site in Redlands, California on June 27, 2023. Presence may be noted if a species is seen or hears, or identified by the presence of tracks, scat, or other sign.
*Indicates introduced nonnative species

SPECIES/SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY/COMMON NAME

REPTILIA REPTILES

IGUANIDAE IGUANID LIZARDS FAMILY
Sceloporus undulatus fence lizard

AVES BIRDS

CHARADRIIDAE PLOVER FAMILY
Charadrius vociferus killdeer

COLUMBIDAE PIGEON AND DOVE FAMILY
Zenaida macroura mourning dove

CORVIDAE CROWS AND RAVENS FAMILY
Corvus corax common raven

HIRUNDINIDAE SWALLOW FAMILY
Hirundo rustica barn swallow

MIMIDAE MOCKINGBIRD FAMILY
Mimus polyglottos northern mockingbird
Taxonomy and nomenclature follows Beher (1998) and Laudenslayer et.al. (1991. A checklist of the amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals of California. California Fish and Game 77:109-141.), Sibley (2000) and the American Ornithologists’ Union (1998. The A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds, 7th Ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1331 of 1598
Cultural and Paleontological Resources
Assessment
California Street/Redlands
Boulevard Intersection
Improvements Project
Redlands, San Bernardino County, California
Prepared for:

CASC Engineering and Consulting
1470 E. Cooley Drive
Colton, CA 92324
Prepared by:

Alexandria Bulato, B.A, Dana Supernowicz, M.A., RPA, and Curt Duke, M.A., RPA Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC
18 Technology Drive, Suite 103
Irvine, CA 92618
March 2024
Township 1 South, Range 3 West, Sections 19 & 20, USGS 7.5’ Redlands, Calif.

Keywords: 1.8 acres, Negative Findings
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1332 of 1598
DUKE Cultural Resources Management
ii
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DUKE Cultural Resources Management
iii

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC (DUKE CRM ) is under contract to CASC Engineering and Consulting (CLIENT) to provide cultural and paleontological resources services for the California Street/Redlands Boulevard Intersection Improvements Project (Project) located in the City of Redlands, County of San Bernardino, California. The Project is approximately 1.8 acres in size. The purpose of this study is to document efforts made to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and to provide the necessary information and analysis to the City of Redlands (City) as the lead agency for CEQA to determine whether the segment of the Mission Creek Chanel located within the Project area is eligible for the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). There is no federal nexus on this Project.

The paleontological resources assessment included a records search at the Western Science Center (WSC), archival research, and an intensive pedestrian survey to identify paleontological resources within the Project area. The study did not identify any paleontological resources within the Project. The Holocene-age sediments underlying the Project area are assessed as having a low sensitivity for buried paleontological resources.

The cultural resources assessment included a cultural records search at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC), a search of the Native American Heritage Commission’s (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF), historic archival research from public and private sources, an intensive pedestrian field survey to identify cultural resources within the Project area, and an evaluation of the affected segment of the Mission Creek Channel for eligibility for the CRHR. The records search identified 15 cultural resources within ½ mile of the Project area, 12 of which are historic structures, and one (1) cultural resource within the Project area. This resource, a segment of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482), was previously evaluated as ineligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Background research, field inspection, and evaluation of the Project property identified one (1) additional cultural resource within the Project area, a segment of the Mission Creek Channel.

The current study has evaluated the resource as ineligible for the CRHR. The Project area is therefore assessed as having a low sensitivity for buried prehistoric and historic resources and the two (2) built environment resources within the Project area have been evaluated as ineligible for the CRHR.

Given the current negative findings, archaeological and paleontological monitoring are not recommended during ground disturbance related to implementation of the proposed Project within the Project area. If archaeological or paleontological resources are discovered during Project activities the CLIENT and the City shall be contacted immediately, and a qualified archaeologist or paleontologist shall be retained to investigate the discovery. If human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the human remains are determined to be Native American in origin the CITY as lead agency shall comply with the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (CalNAGPRA, California Health and Safety Code Section 8010-30) which includes ancestral human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. The CITY shall consult with local Native American groups that are most likely culturally affiliated with the remains in developing a plan of action for the protection and repatriation of the human remains (43 CFR 10).

In addition, the Coroner will notify the NAHC, which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC.

The MLD may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials. In addition, according to the California Health and Safety Code, a cemetery is place where six or more human bodies are buried (Section 8100), and unauthorized disturbance of Native American cemeteries is a felony (Section 7052).

Additional efforts may be necessary if any changes are made to the proposed Project with regards to planned ground disturbing activities.

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Project Description and Location................................................................................................................................ 3 Regulatory Context ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 CEQA.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 SETTING............................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Natural Setting ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Cultural Setting ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 Prehistory .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Ethnography.............................................................................................................................................................10 History .......................................................................................................................................................................12 METHODS.......................................................................................................................................................................13 Personnel .......................................................................................................................................................................13 Literature Review..........................................................................................................................................................14 Paleontological Records Search.............................................................................................................................14 Cultural Records Search..........................................................................................................................................14 Native American Heritage Commission Sacred Lands File..............................................................................14 Additional Research.................................................................................................................................................14 Field Inspection............................................................................................................................................................14 CRHR Evaluation ........................................................................................................................................................15 RESULTS...........................................................................................................................................................................15 Literature Review..........................................................................................................................................................15 Paleontological Records Search.............................................................................................................................15 Cultural Records Search..........................................................................................................................................15 Native American Heritage Commission Sacred Lands File..............................................................................18 Additional Research.................................................................................................................................................18 Field Inspection............................................................................................................................................................18 CRHR Evaluation ........................................................................................................................................................23 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................25 CRHR Eligibility...........................................................................................................................................................25 Summary and Recommendations..............................................................................................................................25 Inadvertent Archaeological or Paleontological Finds........................................................................................25 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Figures
Figure 1. Project Vicinity Map.......................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2. Project Location Map........................................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 3. Project Aerial Map ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 4. Overview of Project area looking north.......................................................................................................19 Figure 5. Overview of Project area looking south.......................................................................................................20 Figure 6. Overview of Mission Creek Channel looking northwest. .........................................................................20 Figure 7. Overview of Mission Creek Channel looking southeast............................................................................21 Figure 8. Overview of Redlands Blvd (P-36-032482) culvert over Mission Creek Channel looking southwest. 21 Figure 9. Overview of Mission Creek Channel and Redlands Boulevard culvert, looking southeast.................22 Figure 10. Close view of ground surface within Project area, looking east.............................................................22 Figure 11. Example of ground cover and modern refuse within Project area, looking south. ............................22 Figure 12. Location of Mission Creek Channel segment in relation to the Mission Zanja (CA-SBR-8092H). ...24 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1335 of 1598
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2 Tables
Table 1. Previously Identified Cultural Resources Within ½ Mile of the Project area..........................................16 Table 2. Cultural Resource Reports within ½ Mile of the Project area ...................................................................16 Appendices
Appendix A. Resumes
Appendix B. California DPR 523 Forms (CONFIDENTIAL)
Appendix C. CHRIS Records Search Data (CONFIDENTIAL)

ABBREVIATIONS
APN Accessor’s Parcel Number
ATSF Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad
B.A. Bachelor of Arts
BERD Built Environment Resources Directory
BP before present
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CHL California Historical Landmarks
CHRIS California Historical Resources Information System City City of Redlands
CLIENT CASC Engineering and Consulting
CPHI California Points of Historical Interest
CRHR California Register of Historical Resources
DPR Department of Parks and Recreation
DUKE CRM Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC
M.A. Master of Arts
MLD Most Likely Descendant
CalNAGPRA California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act NAHC Native American Heritage Commission
NRHP National Register of Historic Places
PCT Paleocoastal Tradition
PRC Public Resources Code
Project California Street/Redlands Boulevard Intersection Improvements Project Qa younger Holocene alluvial sand and clay
Qoa older Pleistocene nonmarine deposits
RCB Reinforced Concrete Box
RPA Registered Professional Archaeologist
SCCIC South Central Coastal Information Center
SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer
SLF Sacred Lands File
SOI Secretary of the Interior
USGS United States Geographical Survey
WPLT Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition
WSC Western Science Center
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3 INTRODUCTION
Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC (DUKE CRM ) is under contract to CASC Engineering and Consulting (CLIENT) to provide cultural and paleontological resources services for the California Street/Redlands Boulevard Intersection Improvements Project (Project) located in the City of Redlands, County of San Bernardino, California (Figure 1). The purpose of this report is to document compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and to evaluate the segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project area for eligibility for the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). The City of Redlands (City) is the lead agency for CEQA. There is no federal nexus on this Project.

Project Description and Location
The Project is located at the intersection of California Street and Redlands Boulevard in Redlands, San Bernardino County, California. The City is proposing to reconstruct the northwest corner of the California Street and Redlands Boulevard intersection and widen the west side of California Street. The Project is within the Redlands, Calif. 7.5’ United States Geographical Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle within Sections 19 and 20 of Township 1S, Range 3W (Figure 2). The Project footprint is approximately 1.8 acres and spans southbound California Street from approximately 0.1 miles south of Interstate 10 to Redlands Boulevard (Figure 3). The Project footprint also includes a portion of the Mission Creek Channel.

The purpose of the proposed is to reconstruct the northwest corner of the California Street and Redlands Boulevard intersection and widen the west side of California Street. The California Street widening extends approximately 770 feet north of the Redlands Boulevard intersection. The Project site is located south of Interstate 10 (I-10) and extends into a portion of the Mission Zanja Channel. The Project includes storm drain improvements that involve the construction of a triple reinforced concrete box (RCB) culvert and concrete transition structure in the Mission Zanja Channel. The Project area is located on three (3) irregular shaped parcels: Accessor’s Parcel Numbers (APNs) 0292-034-10, 0292-034-11 & 0292-034-17.

The City’s General Plan Land Use designation for the Project site is Linear Parks for the Mission Zanja Channel (APN: 0292-034-11) and the remaining portion of the site has a Land Use designation of Commercial with a zoning designation of C-3 (General Commercial) (APN: 0292-034-10, 0292-034-17). Additionally, the Project site is in a Transit Village Overlay Zone. The Project site is located within the western portion of the City of Redlands and is surrounded by commercial uses to the north and east, high density residential uses to the southeast, open space to the northwest, high density residential uses within the City of Loma Linda to the west, and an elementary school within the City of Loma Linda to the southwest. Surrounding recreational uses include the multi-use Orange Blossom Trail that runs parallel to the Mission Zanja Channel.

The Project area on the west side of California Street, southbound travel, currently consists of two (2) travel lanes that become one (1) combination right turn lane and through lane, one (1) designated left turn lane, a shoulder, an asphalt berm depression that provides access to the Channel for maintenance, electrical utility poles, and vacant land to the west. The Project area on the north side of Redlands Boulevard currently consists of a concrete sidewalk and commercial driveway that provides access to the Channel for maintenance, a parapet wall that extends from the top of the existing culvert, a traffic signal at the intersection, and electrical utility poles. The Project area within the Mission Zanja Channel currently consists of a culvert with two (2) concrete wingwalls, a parapet wall that projects to Redlands Boulevard, a concrete invert, retaining fences on either side of the channel, and rock lined channel walls and bottom. The Project includes the reconfiguration of the two (2) west lanes (designated combination right turn lane/through travel and travel lane) on California Street, the shoulder, culvert wingwalls, parapet wall, channel bottom, portions of the existing retaining fence, and sidewalk.

Additionally, the existing traffic signal at the California Street and Redlands Boulevard intersection and the electrical utility poles on California Street will be relocated.

The City proposes to widen the west side of California Street, north of Redlands Boulevard and south of the existing Anthem Oil gas station. California Street is classified as a Major Arterial roadway and the proposed Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1337 of 1598
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community
Figure 1. Project Vicinity
California Street - Redlands Boulevard Widening, Redlands, C-0460 Project Area
Project Area ¯
0 6 12
Miles
1 inch = 6 miles 1:360,000
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REDLANDS

SAN BERNARDINO SOUTH
Project Area
USGS 7.5' Quads
Service Layer Credits: USA_Topo_Maps: Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed ¯
0 0.25 0.5
Miles
0 0.25 0.5
Kilometers
Figure 2. Project Location
California St - Redlands Blvd Widening, Redlands
C-0460
Redlands, Calif USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle
T1S, R3W, Section 19 & 20
Date of Map: 1954 / Photorevised: 1996
1 inch equals 2,000 feet 1:24,000
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Figure 3. Project Aerial Photo
California Street - Redlands Boulevard Widening, Redlands, C-0460 Project Area ¯
0 300 600
Feet
1 inch equals 600 feet 1:7,200
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7 widening Project is designed to accommodate the high volume of motorists that utilize the roadway to travel between residential areas, major activity centers, and the I-10 and I-215 freeways. The proposed widening of California Street consists of the construction of one (1) designated right turn lane, two (2) travel lanes, a 6.5- foot-wide concrete sidewalk with curb and gutter, and a 24-foot-wide concrete sidewalk depression to provide access to the Channel for maintenance. The specifications for the sidewalk and gutter improvements meet the requirements of the City’s Standard Specifications and Detail Drawings for Design Construction of Public Improvements guidelines (PW Standards).

The proposed storm drain improvements consist of the construction of an RCB triple culvert totaling fiftyfour (54) feet wide and eleven (11) feet tall in the Mission Zanja Channel. The RCB culvert is comprised of concrete transition structures, a sloped concrete invert, the installation of a guard rail, and a 6-foot-tall chain link fence. The specifications for the culvert are in accordance with the County of San Bernardino Flood Control Standards and the Standard Plans for Public Works Construction (SPPWC) Standards. Construction of the Project is proposed to commence in Spring 2024 and be completed by Winter 2024.

Regulatory Context
Existing state, and local regulations require the identification of historic properties and cultural and paleontological resources during the planning stage of new projects.

CEQA
CEQA guidelines define a historical resource as a resource listed in or determined eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). This includes cultural resources that have been determined eligible for a local register through a local historical resources survey. A resource may be considered potentially eligible for listing in the CRHR if it meets any of the four criteria listed below:

1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage.

2. It is associated with the lives of persons important in our past.

3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction; represents the work of an important creative individual; or possesses high artistic values.

4. It has yielded or has the potential to yield information important in prehistory or history.

To be considered a historical resource a cultural resource must also possess integrity of location, design, setting, material, workmanship, feeling and association. Integrity is defined as the ability of a historical resource to convey its significance. The facet of integrity that is most important will depend on the property being evaluated and on the particular CRHR criterion under which the resource is considered eligible for listing.

CEQA further stipulates that the lead agency consider whether the project will significantly affect unique archaeological resources that may be ineligible for listing in the CRHR, and to avoid these unique archaeological resources when possible or to mitigate any effects to less than significant levels (Public Resources Code [PRC] 21083.2). A unique archaeological resource is defined as an archaeological artifact, object, or site which clearly demonstrates with a high probability that it meets, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, any of the following criteria:

1. It contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and there is a demonstrable public interest in that information.

2. It has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest or best available example of its type.

3. It is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person.

Impacts to non-unique archaeological resources are generally not considered a significant environmental impact (PRC section 21083.2(a); CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(c)(4)). However, if a non-unique archaeological Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1341 of 1598
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8 resource qualifies as a Tribal Cultural Resource (PRC 21074(c); 21083.2(h)), further consideration of significant impacts is required.

CEQA provides protection for paleontological resources if they represent “a unique paleontological resource or site” (Section V(c) of Appendix G). CEQA does not provide a specific definition of unique, but in their discussion of paleontological resources under CEQA, Scott and Springer (2003) establish five criteria for determining if a fossil or resource is scientifically significant:

1. The fossils provide data on the evolutionary relationships and developmental trends among organisms, both living and extinct.

2. The fossils provide data useful in determining the age(s) of the associated rock unit or sedimentary stratum, including data important in determining the depositional history of the region and the timing of geologic events therein.

3. The fossils provide data regarding the development of biological communities or interaction between paleobotanical and paleozoological biotas.

4. The fossils demonstrate unusual or spectacular circumstances in the history of life.

5. The fossils are in short supply and/or in danger of being depleted or destroyed by the elements, vandalism, or commercial exploitation, and are not found in other geographic locations.

SETTING
Natural Setting
California is divided into 11 geomorphic provinces, each naturally defined by unique geologic and geomorphic characteristics. The Project is located in the northeastern portion of the Peninsular Ranges geomorphic province. The Peninsular Ranges province is distinguished by northwest trending mountain ranges and valleys following faults branching from the San Andreas Fault. The Peninsular Ranges are bound to the east by the Colorado Desert and extend north to the Transverse Ranges beginning at the San Bernardino – Riverside county line (Norris and Webb 1976), west into the submarine continental shelf, and south to the California state line.

The Project area consists of an approximately 1.8-acre area in the City of Redlands, approximately 1.75 miles northwest of the foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains and approximately 3.5 miles southwest of the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains in southwestern San Bernardino County (see Figures 1 and 2). The Project area is approximately 1,150 feet above sea level.

The Project area is geologically and geographically characterized by younger Holocene alluvial sand and clay (Qa) overlying older Pleistocene nonmarine deposits (Qoa), with outcroppings of these Pleistocene deposits throughout the hills to the south (Rogers 1965). Soils within the Project area consist primarily of Hanford series granitic sandy loam deposits. These deposits are generally deep, well-drained, and coarse-grained, and form on floodplains and alluvial fans (SoilWeb 2023).

Cultural Setting
Prehistory
Two primary regional schemas are commonly cited in the archaeological literature for western San Bernardino County where the Project is located. These schemas or syntheses generalize the presence or absence of certain artifact types into explanatory frameworks of temporal chronologies and/or subsistence practices. Schemas are necessary because many archaeological sites lack absolute datable material (ex. Carbon for radiometric 14C dating) and so researchers need to cross-date sites by comparison to either coastal or desert chronologies with established chronological sequences backed by absolute dates. In western Riverside County, it is thought to be the meeting ground of both coastal and inland desert schemas and neither exclusively explains prehistoric finds.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1342 of 1598
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9 The first schema, advanced by Wallace (1955), defines four cultural horizons for the southern California coastal province, each with characteristic local variations:

I. Early Man (~9000–8500 B.P.) is a hunting culture based on almost exclusive evidence of chippedstone hunting materials: dart points, scrapers, choppers, and bifaces.

II. Milling Stone (8500–4000 B.P.) reflects a change to a more sedentary, plant-collecting lifestyle as evidenced by the introduction and dominance of milling stone artifacts and a decrease in wellmade projectile points.

III. Intermediate (4000–1500 B.P.) is characterized by a larger dependency on hunting, use of the dart and atlatl, and the shift from using the mano/metate to mortar/pestle. However, knowledge of this horizon suffers from lack of knowledge about what occurred during this time, not a lack of inhabitants along the southern California coast.

IV. Late Prehistoric (1500~200 B.P.) contains a more nuanced artifact assemblage indicative of a more complex lifestyle and an increase of population. This horizon is characterized by an increase in bow and arrow use, steatite containers, pottery, circular fish hooks, perforated stones, asphaltum, diversified bone tools, ample shell ornaments, and elaborate mortuary customs.

Warren and Crabtree (1986) employ a more ecological approach to the deserts of southern California, defining five traditions in prehistory:

I. Lake Mojave (12000–7000 B.P.)
II. Pinto (7000–4000 B.P.)
III. Gypsum (4000–1500 B.P.)
IV. Saratoga Springs (1500–800 B.P.)
V. Shoshonean (800~200 B.P.)
Warren and Crabtree (1986) viewed cultural continuity and change in terms of various significant environmental shifts, defining the cultural ecological approach for archaeological research of the California deserts. The authors viewed changes in settlement pattern and subsistence as cultural adaptations to a changing environment, beginning with the gradual environmental warming in the late Pleistocene, the desiccation of the desert lakes during the early Holocene, the short return to pluvial conditions during the middle Holocene, and the general warming and drying trend, with periodic reversals, that continues to this day. The work by Warren and Crabtree (1986) is built upon, in part, by Warren (1980) in which he argued for a chronology based on projectile points as period markers backed by radiocarbon assays providing absolute dates.

The two schemas contrast in important ways. The units employed by Warren (1968) are “traditions,” and in contrast to Wallace (1955), traditions may be spatially restricted but display temporal continuity. For Wallace, “horizons” or “periods,” are extensive through space but restricted in time. More recent schema have been attempted to reconcile these differences. Koerper and Drover (1983) synthesized chronologies for coastal southern California and employed Wallace’s (1955) horizon terminology but use radiometric data to sequence stylistic changes observed in the artifact assemblages, which they interpreted as material indication of cultural change through time. Regardless of the overall schema to best explain the prehistory of western Riverside County, the region can be understood within broad chronological frameworks and as the meeting ground of the coastal and desert subsistence patterns.

Early Holocene (11,600 – 7,600 BP)
Traditional models of the prehistory of California hypothesize that its first inhabitants were the big game hunting Paleoindians who lived at the close of the last ice-age (~11,000 years before present [BP]). As the environment warmed and dried, large Ice Age fauna died out, requiring adaption by groups to survive. The western Great Basin and deserts of southern California were characterized by large pluvial (rainfall-fed) lakes, streams, marshes, and grasslands. The human response to this environment is known as the Western Pluvial Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1343 of 1598
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10 Lakes Tradition (WPLT) (Moratto 1984). The WPLT is generally identified by an advanced flaked-stone industry of foliate knives/points, Silver Lake and Lake Mojave points, lanceolate bifaces, and long-stemmed points. Other flaked-stone tools include crescents, scrapers, choppers, scraper-planes, hammer stones, cores, drills, and gravers. People of this period hunted diverse populations of smaller animals and collected a wide number of plants from diverse eco-zones. Importantly, this period lacks widespread evidence of milling stones, and, therefore, hard seed processing was likely not widely practiced. Sites are generally found along the shores of former pluvial lakes, marshes, and streams (Moratto 1984). The desert manifestation of the WPLT is the Lake Mojave Complex, while along the coast the WPLT is seen in the San Dieguito Complex. Along the coast, rising sea levels created bays and estuaries. Following initial settlement along the coast, groups adopted marine subsistence including fish and shellfish. These shell middens contain flaked cobble tools, metates, manos, discoidals, and flexed burials and allowed for a semi sedentary lifestyle (Byrd and Raab 2007). Eventually, shellfish became the primary source of food, while plant gathering, hunting and fishing were less important.

The Paleocoastal Tradition (PCT) has many similarities to the WPLT but it reflects a coastal adaptation (Davis et al. 1969). PCT sites are located along bays and estuaries. Subsistence patterns indicate the eating of mollusks, sea mammals, sea birds, and fish in addition to land plants and animals. The argument for a PCT has gained momentum. This is based on a vast amount of recent research that has been conducted along the California coast and the Channel Islands (Byrd and Raab 2007). A recent study dates habitation on San Miguel Island back to ~11,300 BP (Daisy Cave), while a site on San Clemente (Eel Point) shows that a Paleocoastal Tradition was entrenched at Eel point in the early Holocene, with the hunting of seals, sea lions, and dolphins, as well as the gathering of shellfish.

Middle Holocene (7,600 – 3,650 BP)
The middle Holocene was a time of change and transition. As conditions continued to warm and dry, lakes and streams in the desert disappeared, and ancient inhabitants shifted to a mixed food procurement strategy with emphasis on gathering shellfish, grasses, and hard seeds. Fishing and the hunting of smaller animals played a less significant role in day-to-day activity. This shift in subsistence is what Wallace (1955) named the Millingstone Horizon and this name has continued among archaeologists studying the coastal province of southern California. Large habitations are seen in the inland areas and considerable variability is seen along coastal occupation of southern California. Trade networks are postulated by researchers that have dated Olivella grooved rectangle shell beads as far north as central Oregon dating to 4,900-3,500 BP (Byrd and Raab 2007).

Characteristics of middle Holocene sites include ground stone artifacts (manos and metates) used for processing plant material and shellfish, flexed burial beneath rock or milling stone cairns, flaked core or cobble tools, dart points, cogstones, discoidals, and crescentics.

Late Holocene (3,650 – 233 BP)
During the late Holocene there was a migration of Takic speakers from the San Joaquin Valley into southern California (Sutton 2009, 2010). Characteristics of the late Holocene include the introduction of the bow and arrow, mortar and pestle, use of ceramics, and a change to more complex and elaborate mortuary behaviors.

Technologies associated with marine resource exploitation proliferated and diversified. The climate fluctuated with periods of drought alternated with cooler and moister periods (Vellanoweth and Grenda 2002; Byrd and Raab 2007; Jones et al. 2004). This resulted in dynamic regional cultural patterns with considerable local variation. Byrd and Raab (2007) suggest that foragers in southern California over-exploited high-ranked food, such as shellfish, fish, marine and land mammals, and plant remains. This led to resource depression, causing people to forage more costly resources that were more abundant. Throughout this period, economic and social diversity flourished and became increasingly complex, and populations continued to grow.

Ethnography
The Project is located in an area that was shared between several Native American groups at the time of European contact. Groups that traditionally used the area included the Cahuilla, Gabrieleno, and Serrano. These groups are all members of the Takic subfamily family of the Uto-Aztecan language family (Moratto 1984), Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1344 of 1598
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11 which is thought to have entered the southern California or the Mojave Desert region roughly 3,500 – 1,500 years BP (Sutton 2009).

Cahuilla
Cahuilla territory included the Coachella Valley as well as the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa mountain ranges. The Cahuilla called themselves the Iviatim; the word “Cahuilla” is likely derived from kawi’a, the word for “master” in the Cahuilla dialect ivia. This dialect belongs to the Cupan language subgroup of the Takic language family.

Bean and Smith (1978) estimated that the Cahuilla numbered between 6,000 and 10,000 at the time of Spanish contact. Although ethnographers categorize the Cahuilla population by habitation locale (Mountain, Pass, and Desert), the Cahuilla divided themselves first into two moieties (Wildcat and Coyote) with subdivisions based on patrilineal descent clans and further subdivisions within clans based on politically important lineages.

According to Franciscan Mission records and ethnographic information, each lineage occupied their own village (Earle 2004). The nearest ethnographically known Cahuilla village to the Project is Saxhatpa, located approximately nine (9) miles southeast of the Project.

Cahuilla clans were led politically and ceremonially by a Chief, or Net. The Net controlled the sacred dance house and the sacred bundle, masut, which consisted of matting wrapped around items sacred to the clan. The masut was the sacred expression of each clan. Like other Takic-speaking groups, the Cahuilla would publicly gather for the naming of children, marriage, male and female initiation ceremonies, the ascendency of a Net, Eagle-Killing ceremonies, and mourning ceremonies. Mourning ceremonies took place as a way to collectively mourn all those that had died since the previous mourning ceremony. Each person was cremated along with his or her possessions in a ceremony separate from the larger mourning ceremony. Mourning ceremonies were one of the most important ceremonies in that sacred songs were sung, sacred dances were danced, and moieties exchanged food and other valued goods (Bean 1972; Hooper 1920).

The three ethnographically documented Cahuilla habitation zones (Mountain, Pass, and Desert) serve as guidelines for understanding their subsistence practices. In general, the Mountain and Pass Cahuilla diet emphasized acorn, yucca, agave, and pinyon gathering in the mountain and foothill regions. In contrast, the Desert Cahuilla focused on the gathering of mesquite, cactus, and hard seeds. These are generalizations, however, and Desert Cahuilla sometimes utilized resources in the foothills (Bean and Saubel 1972). The Cahuilla were also observed to cultivate small quantities of corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, melons, and wheat as early as 1824 by the Romero expedition. These crops potentially made their way to the region from the Colorado River area, and ethnographic interviews suggest that cultivation of these crops was a recent practice at that time (Bean et al. 1995).

Gabrieleno
The Gabrielino are one of the least known Native American groups in California. Generally, their territory included all of the Los Angeles Basin, portions of the Santa Ana and Santa Monica mountains, the coastline spanning from Topanga Canyon in the north to Aliso Creek in the south, and the southern Channel Islands (McCawley 1996). The name “Gabrielino” was given by the Spanish to the Native Americans that lived within the influence of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. The Gabrielino spoke a dialect of the Cupan group of the Takic language family.

Groups of Gabrielino lived in autonomous villages. The nearest ethnographically known Gabrieleno villages to the Project are Wa’Aachnga, located approximately two (2) miles northeast, and Homhoa, located approximately three (3) miles northwest. Villages were typically located within or near protected areas like canyons, foothills, and coves, with access to bodies of water and areas suitable for hunting, fishing, and collecting. Acorns and shellfish were staples in the diet of the Gabrielino, though types and quantities of these and other foods varied by season and locale. Other important food sources included grasses, seeds, deer, rabbits, woodrats, mice, ground squirrels, quail, doves, waterfowl, fish, shellfish, and marine mammals. Each village typically had a chief who controlled religious, economic, and warfare authorities. The chief generally had an advisory council to Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1345 of 1598
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12 assist with making important decisions and conducting important rituals. These positions were hereditary and were passed down from generation to generation (Bean and Smith 1978a).

Serrano
The Serrano inhabited the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains, the Mojave Desert, and the San Bernardino Valley. The Serrano language is a dialect of the Serran subgroup of the Takic language family (Bean and Smith 1978b). Various ethnographies divide the Serrano into two groups (Mountain and Desert Serrano). The Desert Serrano were uniquely adapted to living year-round in desert conditions, with some expeditions to higher altitudes and to the Colorado River to collect varied resources.

The Serrano lived in small villages near permanent water sources. Sutton and Earle (2017) estimated the population of Desert Serrano to be approximately 700 in 1776. The nearest ethnographically known Serrano village to the Project is Amutskupiabit, located approximately 23 miles northwest. Villages were usually composed of related family lineages. Like the Cahuilla, the Serrano had two patrilineal moieties, Wildcat and Coyote. These moieties commonly intermingled for marriage, economic reciprocity, or ritual, and villages often consisted of two or more lineage sets bound by these factors (Bean and Smith 1978b). Structures within villages were thatched of brush or reeds, and consisted of dwellings, ramadas, granaries, sweathouses, a ceremonial structure, and a cemetery. The Serrano cremated their dead and participated in mourning ceremonies. The spiritual leader of the village, known as the ki-ka?, lived in the ceremonial structure and maintained the village’s rituals and ceremonies. The Serrano divided control of the sacred space and ceremony between the two moieties, a practice unique among Takic-speaking groups (Bean and Smith 1978b).

The Serrano were hunter-gatherers who exploited a wide variety of resources based on specific environment and seasonality. They gathered desert plants including Joshua Tree flowers, mesquite bean, yucca, cacti, and desert seed plants, and also gathered higher elevation plants such as pinyon nuts and acorns. A wide variety of large and small game was hunted. Food preparation implements included earth ovens, watertight baskets, heated stones, shallow trays, metates, wooden and stone manos, flint knives, stone and bone scrapers, pottery trays and bowls, baskets, and horn and bone spoons and stirrers. The Serrano regularly traded with groups along the Colorado River and along the coast (Bean and Smith 1978b).

History
In California, the historic era is generally divided into three periods: the Spanish or Mission Period (1769 to 1821), the Mexican or Rancho Period (1821 to 1848), and the American Period (1848 to present). The Spanish government began establishing missions in San Diego in 1769 to facilitate colonization and deter rival European nations. In 1819, near the end of the period of Spanish colonization of California, an Asistencia mission was established in what is now Redlands to serve the nearby Mission San Gabriel in the Los Angeles area.

The first Europeans to explore the coast of California belonged to the 1542 expedition of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo. Europeans are thought to have first visited the interior of California in 1769, when Gaspar de Portola led an overland expedition from San Diego to Monterey. Two later expeditions were led by Juan Bautista de Anza in 1774 and 1775 from Sonora, Mexico through southwestern Arizona and southern California (Brown 2001).

Mexico won independence from Spain in 1822. The Mexican Period is largely identified with the ranchos bestowed to individuals through the land grant system as well as the secularization of the missions, which began in 1826 after a decree from Governor Jose Maria Echeandia (Engstrand and Ward 1995). The Project is located on land that was part of the original Rancho San Bernardino Spanish land grant deeded to the Lugo and Sepulveda families by Governor Juan B. Alvarado during the Mexican Period in 1842 (Ogden 1862).

The Mexican Period ended in California on June 14, 1846, when a band of American settlers supported by explorer John C. Fremont captured Mexican general Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo in a raid in Sonoma. This became known as the “Bear Flag Revolt,” and it established the short-lived California Republic, which ended Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1346 of 1598
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13 on July 7, 1846 when U.S. Navy forces captured Monterey. The war between the U.S. and Mexico ended in 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which greatly expanded U.S. Territory including California in exchange for $15 million paid to Mexico (Rolle 2003).

California became a state in 1850 and a major destination for Anglo-American settlers from the eastern side of the U.S., in large part due to the publicized discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Between 1850 and 1900, the population of California grew dramatically from approximately 93,000 to 1,500,000 (U.S. Census 1995). Although property rights of rancho owners were secured by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, many ranchos were transferred and subdivided as California transitioned from a ranching to an agricultural economy.

Anglo-American settlers and immigrants from Europe and Asia, and Central and South America all settled into the Los Angeles Basin.

The following is a history of the Mission Creek Canal that lies within the Project area. It is summarized from the California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) forms prepared by Dana Supernowicz (Appendix B):

The historic context for the Mission Creek Channel lies with the Mission Zanja Canal, which was constructed through Redlands in 1819 by Mission Indians to provide water for the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia Mission outpost. The priests of the Estancia contracted with a local Native American tribe to build a twelve-mile irrigation ditch, or zanja, to irrigate the farms being built in the area. This canal formed the basis of what is still the zanja today. In 1834, the Asistencia was ransacked by a neighboring tribe and the canal was left in disrepair for the next five years until 1839, when Jose del Carmen Lugo received a charter from the Mexican government for eight leagues worth of the Rancho San Bernardino area. This grant included not only the old Asistencia, but also a water right to the zanja and the water it brought to the area. This began a permanent resettlement of the San Bernardino area (Fields 2021; Ramos 2009).

The Lugo family sold a large portion of the Rancho San Bernardino and accompanying zanja water rights to the Mormon Church in 1851, the year after California was admitted to the Union. By 1859, as ranches expanded in the area, litigation began regarding water rights and allocation plans. The water carried by the zanja was the lifeblood of the region, and the number of lawsuits filed over water rights reflects its importance. The Crafton Water Company was formed in 1882 by a group of upstream zanja users to consolidate the flow of the zanja into one central distribution mechanism. By 1910, the population of the City of Redlands had grown to over 10,000, and in 1926 the City voted to issue a bond to begin purchasing water rights from zanja owners. By 1939, the City owned approximately 40 percent of the total hours of allocated water use and Crafton Water owned over 50 percent, with private owners accounting for only eight (8) percent of water rights ownership. Today, the City and Crafton Water still own approximately half of the allocated flow hours and use more efficient intake mechanisms than the original dirt-lined canals, but the zanja itself remains largely intact (Fields 2021; Ramos 2009). The zanja is a California Historical Landmark designated on August 1, 1932 within the City of Redlands.

METHODS
Personnel
The records search and field survey were conducted by Alexandria Bulato, Bachelor of Arts (B.A.). Ms. Bulato is the Archaeologist assigned to the Project for DUKE CRM and is the primary author of this report. Ms.

Bulato holds a B.A. in Anthropology with an emphasis in archaeology from California State University, San Bernardino. She has worked in all phases of archaeology since 2016 throughout southern and central California and parts of Arizona and is cross-trained in the identification of paleontological resources.

Historic and architectural evaluation of the segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project boundary was conducted by Dana Supernowicz, Master of Arts (M.A.), Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA). Mr.

Supernowicz meets the professional qualifications of the Secretary of the Interior (SOI) for prehistoric and historical archaeology and historic architecture. He has worked in all phases of archaeology and historic Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1347 of 1598
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14 preservation since 1976. Mr. Supernowicz holds an M.A. in History from California State University, Sacramento. Mr. Supernowicz has worked as a Principal Section 106 reviewer for the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) and as a Principal Architectural Historian for Caltrans. He has been the Principal Architectural Historian for Historic Resource Associates since 1985.

All work was conducted under the direct supervision of Curt Duke, M.A., RPA. Mr. Duke is the Principal Archaeologist of DUKE CRM . Mr. Duke meets the professional qualifications of the SOI for prehistoric and historical archaeology and has worked in all phases of archaeology (archival research, field survey, testing and data recovery excavation, laboratory analysis, construction monitoring) since 1994. He is also listed on the County of Riverside’s list of qualified archaeologists. Mr. Duke holds an M.A. in Anthropology with an emphasis in archaeology from California State University, Fullerton. Mr. Duke has worked throughout southern and northern California and parts of Arizona and Nevada (Appendix A).

Literature Review
Paleontological Records Search
On December 19, 2022, DUKE CRM requested that the Western Science Center (WSC) in Hemet, California perform a paleontological records search for known fossil localities within and in the vicinity of the Project.

Cultural Records Search
On January 9, 2023, Alexandria Bulato, archaeologist with DUKE CRM conducted a records search at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC). The SCCIC, located at California State University, Fullerton, is part of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS). The records search included a review of all recorded cultural resources and reports within a ½-mile radius of the Project. This research was undertaken to establish the status and extent of previous surveys in the Project and to note what types of cultural resources have been identified or might be expected to occur within or adjacent to the Project.

Native American Heritage Commission Sacred Lands File
A Sacred Lands File (SLF) search request was submitted to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) by DUKE CRM on March 8, 2023. The purpose of this request was to ascertain the presence of known sacred sites within and near the proposed Project, and to obtain a list of tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the Project area.

Additional Research
The records searches were supplemented by a review of both published and unpublished materials. The California Built Environment Resources Directory (BERD) was examined. The BERD is maintained by the SHPO and includes the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), CRHR, California Historical Landmarks (CHL), and California Points of Historical Interest (CPHI). Additionally, a review of historical aerial photographs and topographic maps was conducted using the University of California, Santa Barbara’s online FrameFinder program and the USGS Historical Topographic Map Explorer. The internal archives at DUKE CRM were also inspected for relevant background information.

Field Inspection
On January 13, 2023, Alexandria Bulato, archaeologist with DUKE CRM conducted an intensive pedestrian survey of the entire 1.8-acre Project area. Ms. Bulato is cross-trained in the identification of paleontological resources. The purpose of the pedestrian survey was to characterize and document the Project area, document the Mission Creek Channel for recordation and evaluation for eligibility for the CRHR, and to identify additional cultural resources or potential paleontological resources within the Project area. Pedestrian survey transects were spaced no greater than 15 meters apart. A Spectra GPS and field map were used to locate the Project boundary. Photographs of the Project property were taken with a Google Pixel 5a smartphone camera.

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15 CRHR Evaluation
The segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project boundary was assessed for eligibility for listing on the CRHR by Dana Supernowicz, M.A., RPA. This assessment was based on historical research and on the field inspection of the Project property.

The regulatory framework for this historic resource evaluation lies within the guidelines imposed for CEQA and the CRHR under PRC section 5024.1. CEQA guidelines define a significant cultural resource as a resource listed or eligible for listing in the CRHR. A historical resource may be eligible for listing in the CRHR if it:

1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage;

2. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;

3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or

4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history.

Additionally, to be eligible for listing in the CRHR, a property must possess integrity in addition to meeting one of the four significance criteria. Integrity is defined in CRHR guidelines as “the ability of a property to convey its significance.” The CRHR criteria recognize seven aspects of integrity: integrity of location, design, setting, material, workmanship, feeling, and association.

Even if a resource is not listed in, or determined eligible for listing in, the CRHR, the lead agency may consider the resource to be an “historical resource” for the purposes of CEQA provided that the lead agency determination is supported by substantial evidence (CEQA Guidelines 14 CCR 15064.5).

According to CEQA guidelines, a project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource, or a unique archaeological resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment (14 CCR 15064.5[b]). CEQA further states that a substantial adverse change in the significance of a resource means the physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be materially impaired.

Actions that would materially impair the significance of a historical resource are any actions that would demolish or adversely alter those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its significance and qualify it for inclusion in the CRHR or in a local register or survey that meet the requirements of PRC 5020.1(k) and 5024.1(g).

RESULTS
Literature Review
Paleontological Records Search
The WSC responded on January 12, 2023 indicating that no fossil localities were documented within the Project or the surrounding one-mile radius. The geology within the Project has been mapped by Dibblee and Minch (2003, 2004). This geologic mapping indicates that the Project is underlain by Holocene-age alluvial sand and clay deposits (Qa) dating to the Holocene; although these units are conducive to the preservation of biological material, they are considered to have low paleontological sensitivity due to their relatively modern age.

Cultural Records Search
Review of SCCIC data indicates a total of 15 cultural resources have been previously documented within ½ mile of the Project area (Table 1; Appendix C).

Twelve (12) of the previously documented resources are historic structures. These structures include the Mission School, the San Bernardino County Museum, five (5) single-family residences, one (1) commercial building, one (1) farm, two (2) historic road segments, and a segment of the Morey Arroyo which, like the Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1349 of 1598
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16 Mission Creek Channel, is associated with the Mission Zanja. One (1) of the road segments has been previously identified adjacent to and within the Project. This resource, P-36-032482, is a 3.5-mile segment of Redlands Boulevard that was recorded in 2017 and evaluated as not eligible for the NRHP. The BERD did not identify any cultural resources within the Project.

The other three (3) previously documented resources are archaeological sites. These include a subsurface historic refuse scatter consisting of seven (7) glass bottles, the buried remains of a historic irrigation feature, and a prehistoric isolated artifact, a bifacial granite mano.

Table 1. Previously Identified Cultural Resources Within ½ Mile of the Project area Resource No. Site Type Description NRHP/CRHR Eligibility Distance from Project area
P-36-007139 Historical structure Marigold Farms Not evaluated 0.2-mile NW P-36-013887 Historical structure Single family residence Not evaluated 0.1-mile W P-36-013893 Historical structure Historic structure Not evaluated 0.3-mile S P-36-015135 Historical structure San Bernardino County
Museum Not evaluated 0.15-mile NW
P-36-019921 Historical structure Single family residence Not evaluated 0.25-mile S P-36-019922 Historical structure Single family residence Not evaluated 0.4-mile S P-36-019923 Historical structure Single family residence Not evaluated 0.2-mile SW P-36-019924 Historical structure Commercial building Not evaluated 0.15-mile SW P-36-019925 Historical structure Single family residence Not evaluated 0.1-mile SW P-36-027671 Historical structure Historic road segment Not evaluated 0.5-mile S P-36-029388 Historical structure Flood control channel Not evaluated 0.35-mile SE P-36-029539 Prehistoric isolate Prehistoric isolated
artifact Not evaluated 0.25-mile SW
P-36-032482 Historical structure Historic road segment Evaluated not eligible for NRHP Adjacent to Project
P-36-032950 Historical site Historic refuse scatter Not evaluated 0.05-mile S P-36-033080 Historical isolate Historic isolated artifact Not evaluated 0.2-mile SW SCCIC data indicates that 22 cultural resource studies have been conducted within ½ mile of the Project (Table 2). Of these, four (4) studies (SB-0557, -1764, -2853, and -3287) cover portions of the Project area.

These studies were completed within or adjacent to the Project between 1978 and 1997 and did not document any cultural resources within or directly adjacent to the Project area.

Table 2. Cultural Resource Reports within ½ Mile of the Project area Report
No. Year Report Title Author(s)
SB-00447 1976 Development of Water Facilities in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1810-1986
Scott, M.B.

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17 Report
No. Year Report Title Author(s)
SB-00557 1977 Archaeological-Historical Resources Assessment of Project Site Located on the North Side of Redlands Boulevard and West of California Street in the Bryn Mawr Area
Hearn, Joseph E.

SB-00600 1978 Archaeological-Historical Resources Assessment of Approximately Eight Acres at the Northeast Corner of Redlands Boulevard and Bryn Mawr Avenue, Loma Linda Area
Hearn, Joseph E.

SB-00647 1978 Archaeological-Historical Resources Assessment of 63 Acre Parcel of Land Located on the North Side of Redlands Boulevard Between Mountain View Avenue and Bryn Mawr Avenue, Loma Linda-Redlands Area
Hearn, Joseph E.

SB-00931 1980 Cultural Resources Assessment of the West Portion of Assessor’s Parcel Number 262-061-11, Redlands Area
Smith, Gerald A.

SB-01160 1981 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Old San Bernardino Mission District, 315 Acres Northeasterly Planning Area, City of Loma Linda Smith, Gerald A.,
Michael K. Lerch, and
Arda Haenszel
SB-01425 1984 Man and Settlement in the Upper Santa Ana River Drainage: A Cultural Resources Overview
Altschul, Jeffrey H.,
Martin R. Rose, and
Michael K. Lerch
SB-01764 1988 A Windshield Survey and Preliminary Architectural/Historical Inventory of Loma Linda, California
Hatheway, Roger G.

SB-01837 1988 Prehistoric Sites in the Prado Basin, California: Regional Context and Significance Evaluation
Goldberg, Susan K. and
Jeanne E. Arnold
SB-02625 1992 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Barton Center of Redlands, Marigold Farms, City of Redlands, San Bernardino County, California Swope, Karen K. and
Michael K. Lerch
SB-02853 1991 Cultural Resource Investigation: Inland Feeder Project, MWD of Southern California
Foster, John M., James J.

Schmidt, Carmen A.

Weber, Gwendolyn R.

Romani, and Roberta S.

Greenwood
SB-02963 1992 Mormons in San Bernardino Haenszel, Arda
SB-03287 1997 Cultural Resources Survey of the Mission Road Project, City of Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, California
Swope, Karen K.

SB-04040 2003 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: Assessor Parcel #s 0292-152-40, 41 & 42 in the City of Redlands, San Bernardino County, California
Dahdul, Miriam
SB-04586 2004 The Zanja on Mission Road: Location and Evaluation of CA-SBR-8092, University Village Project Area, Loma Linda, California Lerch, Michael K.

SB-04589 2004 An Archaeological Resources Survey of 8.6 Acres for the Nevada Street Project Northeast of the Intersection of Redlands Boulevard and Nevada Street (APNs 0292-063-12, -13, -17 and -41) in the City of Redlands, County of San Bernardino, California 92373
Budinger, Fred E.

SB-04809 2006 Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Kaiser Redlands MOB Study Area, Redlands, San Bernardino County, California
W & S Consultants
SB-04812 2004 Records Search Results and Site Visit for Sprint Telecommunications Facility SB38XC919E (City Grove), California Street and I-10, Redlands, San Bernardino County, California
Dice, Michael
SB-04813 2005 Cultural Resources Survey of an 8.50 Acre Parcel at Redlands Boulevard and Nevada Street, Redlands, San Bernardino County, California Sander, Jay K.

SB-05662 2006 Cultural Resources Assessment Letter Report for the Approximately 5-Acre Park – Nevada Avenue Project Area, City of Redlands, County of San Bernardino, California
Glenn, Brian
SB-06498 2004 Ethnographic Overview of the Northern San Bernardino Forest Northwest Economic Associates and Cultural
Systems Research, Inc
SB-08199 2015 Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the Redlands Commerce Center Buildings 1 and 2 Project, City of Redlands, San Bernardino County, California
Abdo-Hintzman,
Kholood and Josh
Smallwood

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18 Native American Heritage Commission Sacred Lands File The NAHC responded on April 12, 2023 and indicated that the results of the SLF search were positive but did not indicate which tribal organization to contact for more information. Additionally, the NAHC provided a contact list that included 26 individuals representing 17 tribal organizations.

Additional Research
Historic topographic maps and aerial photographs on file with the University of California, Santa Barbara were examined for details that would aid in reconstructing the history of development within the Project area. A 1901 Redlands, Calif. 1:62,500 USGS topographic map plots a north-south road slightly west of the current alignment of California Street an east-west road slightly south of the current alignment of Redlands Boulevard.

Given the age, the scale and the plot of the natural drainage, this intersection likely represents the Project area.

The drainage equates to the Mission Creek Channel. This map also depicts the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe (ATSF) railroad tracks running east to west north of the Project area and directly south of the current alignment of Interstate 10 (USGS 1901). A 1930 aerial photograph shows the tree-lined Mission Creek Channel running through the intersection of California Street and Redlands Boulevard, both of which appear in their current alignments (Framefinder 1930). A 1954 Redlands, Calif. 1:24,000 USGS topographic map depicts California Street in its current alignment and Redlands Boulevard, then labeled as Colton Avenue, in its current alignment. This map also depicts the ATSF tracks in the same alignment as the 1901 Redlands, Calif. USGS topographic map, as well as the Mission School southwest of the intersection of California Street and Redlands Boulevard. The Mission Creek Channel is also depicted on this map (USGS 1954). A 1967 Redlands, Calif. 1:24,000 USGS topographic map depicts the area largely unchanged except for the addition of Interstate 10 north of the ASTF tracks (USGS 1967).

Field Inspection
The field inspection of the Project area was conducted on January 13, 2023 by DUKE CRM archaeologist Alexandria Bulato (Figures 4 through 11). The Project area has been extensively disturbed by construction of California Street and the Mission Creek Channel. Ground visibility in the unpaved area along the west shoulder of California Street is generally very good from Redlands Boulevard north for approximately 200 feet. Ground visibility is poor north of this point due to dense vegetation. Soils within the Project area were primarily a light grayish-brown silty sand containing approximately 60 to 70 percent rounded gravels. Vegetation within the Project consisted primarily of introduced grasses and weeds. Abundant modern refuse including glass, plastic, cardboard, and clothing was observed throughout the Project area.

The field survey identified one (1) previously recorded historic era cultural resource, a segment of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482). This resource was previously evaluated as ineligible for the CRHR. The field survey also identified one (1) previously unrecorded historic era cultural resource, a portion of the Mission Creek Channel. This resource was photographed and documented during field inspection for formal recordation and evaluation for eligibility for the CRHR. No additional cultural resources or paleontological resources were identified during the field inspection.

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19 Figure 4. Overview of Project area looking north.

Figure 5. Overview of Project area looking south.

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20 Figure 6. Overview of Mission Creek Channel looking northwest.

Figure 7. Overview of Mission Creek Channel looking southeast.

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21 Figure 8. Overview of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482) culvert over Mission Creek Channel looking southwest.

Figure 9. Overview of Mission Creek Channel and Redlands Boulevard culvert, looking southeast.

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22 Figure 10. Close view of ground surface within Project area, looking east.

Figure 11. Example of ground cover and modern refuse within Project area, looking south.

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23 CRHR Evaluation
The following is a summary of the evaluation of the Project property by Mr. Supernowicz. The complete evaluation can be found on the DPR forms prepared for the Mission Creek Channel (Appendix B).

The historic context for the Mission Creek Channel lies with the Mission Zanja Canal, which was constructed through Redlands in 1819 by Mission Indians to provide water for the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia Mission outpost. The water provided by the canal fueled an agricultural boom in the area and became the subject of several legal disputes over water rights. The western half of the zanja was covered by the City of Redlands in the 1920s. The zanja was designated a California Historical Landmark in 1932, was named a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972, and was listed on the NRHP in 1977. It is the oldest civil engineering product in southern California and the irrigation canal in California that is still in use, and now carries storm runoff out of the City (Fields 2021, Ramos 2009). The entire Mission Zanja Canal runs for 12 miles and was cut from the banks of an intermittent creek. The portion of the canal listed on the NRHP (CA-SBR-8092H) spans six (6) miles and begins approximately 3.2 miles east of the Project (Figure 12).

The canal segment within the Project forms the upper extension of Mission Creek and was developed between 1929 and 1938, with improvements made during the 1950s and 1960s to channelize the creek north of Redlands Boulevard. These improvements were carried out by the San Bernardino County Flood Control District in order to prevent stormwater from damaging farms and homes along the channel’s course through Loma Linda.

Additional improvements have been made to the channel since the 1960s, including reinforcement of the channel walls with concrete and rip-rap and periodic clearing of debris. The concrete slab culvert that crosses the channel at Redlands Boulevard was constructed in 1938, and the southern culvert railing was recently removed when the southern portion of the intersection at Redlands Boulevard and California Street was widened. A cultural resources study completed for the improvements to the southern portion of the intersection found the segment of the Mission Creek Channel just south of the current Project to be ineligible for the NRHP or the CRHR (Brunzell 2016).

The CRHR defines a significant resource as one that meets at least one (1) of the four (4) significance criteria and also retains integrity. The purpose of this evaluation is to apply these significance criteria to the segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project. Under Criterion 1, the resource still retains an association with its function of channelizing the creek to prevent flooding; however, while still functioning in a similar manner as when it was built, the configuration and design of the former channel have changed, and it therefore lacks integrity. Under Criterion 2, the resource does not appear to be associated with a person or persons of significance in the history of Redlands. Under Criterion 3, because of its lack of integrity, the resource no longer possesses engineering features associated with its period of significance. Under Criterion 4, the resource does not have the ability to yield, nor is it likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history.

This segment of the Mission Creek Channel is associated with local flood control efforts, which are of significance to the history of the area. However, it does not retain a sufficient level of integrity to convey its historic character and design. The channel segment retains integrity of location but does not retain any of the other six (6) elements of integrity. The channel segment does not retain integrity of design, workmanship, or materials, as the original materials have been altered and/or supplemented with concrete and rip-rap and the engineering design and workmanship have been altered through the addition of these materials and through widening. The channel segment also does not retain integrity of setting or feeling due to the post-1960s development of apartments and widening of the channel and adjacent road. The channel segment retains some integrity of association in that it retains association with flood control efforts, but the structure does not bear association with the original zanja canal or with the natural creek.

In summary, the segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project does not retain sufficient integrity to convey its historic character and design. While it still retains association with local flood control efforts, it does not appear to be a significant resource per the CRHR under any of the four criteria. The Mission Zanja (CA-SBR-8092H), which is listed on the NRHP (and by extension the CRHR), lies outside of the Project and Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1357 of 1598

YUCAIPA

REDLANDS
Mission Creek Channel Mission Zanja (CA-SBR-8092H) USGS 7.5' Quads ¯ 0 0.25 0.5
Miles
1 inch = 3,000 feet 1:36,000
0 0.25 0.5
Kilometers
Figure 12. Location of Mission Creek Channel segment in relation to the Mission Zanja (CA-SBR-8092H) California St - Redlands Blvd Widening, Redlands
C-0460
Redlands & Yucaipa, Calif USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle
Date of Maps: 1954 / Photorevised: 1996
Mission Creek Channel
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25 away from this segment of the Mission Creek Channel (Figure 12). The reinforced concrete culvert that still exists on the north side of Redlands Boulevard west of California Street is associated with a previously recorded segment of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482) that was previously evaluated as ineligible for the NRHP and that does not appear to be a significant resource per the CRHR under any of the four (4) criteria.

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CRHR Eligibility
The portion of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project area is evaluated as not eligible for listing on the CRHR. Although the structure bears some association with flood control efforts relevant to the establishment of agriculture and industry in the area, it does not retain sufficient integrity to convey its significance.

Summary and Recommendations
DUKE CRM assessed the proposed Project for potentially significant impacts to paleontological and cultural resources under CEQA. Research and field survey did not identify any paleontological resources within the Project area, and research suggests that the Project area can be considered to have a low sensitivity for paleontological resources. Based on this assessment, no further paleontological investigation is warranted.

Based on data obtained from the records search, 15 cultural resources have been previously recorded within ½ mile of the Project area. Twelve (12) of these resources are historic era structures. One (1) of these resources, a segment of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482), is adjacent to and within the Project area. This resource was previously evaluated as ineligible for the NRHP. The remaining three (3) of the previously documented resources are archaeological sites, and include a small historic era refuse scatter, the remains of a historic era irrigation feature, and a prehistoric isolated artifact. The field investigation documented one (1) newly recorded historic era cultural resource within the Project area, a segment of the Mission Creek Chanel. The field investigation did not identify any additional cultural resources aside from the previously recorded section of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482).

The segment of Redlands Boulevard adjacent to and within the Project area (P-36-032482) was evaluated by a previous study as ineligible for the NRHP (and by extension the CRHR), and this study concurs with that finding. The segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project area was evaluated by the present study and determined to be ineligible for listing in the CRHR. The Project area was analyzed for sensitivity for buried prehistoric and historic era cultural resources based on records search data, historical topographic maps and aerial photographs, field investigation, and historical evaluation of the segment of the Mission Creek Channel within the Project area. Based on these data, the Project area is assessed as having a low sensitivity for prehistoric or historic era cultural resources.

Inadvertent Archaeological or Paleontological Finds
Given the current negative findings, archaeological and paleontological monitoring are not recommended during ground disturbance related to implementation of the proposed Project within the Project area. If potential prehistoric or historic era archaeological resources are encountered during earthmoving, it is recommended that a qualified archaeologist examine the find to determine if it is intact and potentially significant. If intact and potentially significant subsurface deposits are identified during project activities, it is recommended these cultural resources undergo evaluation to determine CRHR eligibility by a qualified archaeologist. To reduce impacts to a level of less than significant, data recovery or other treatments of eligible deposits may be required.

If human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the human remains are determined to be Native American in origin the CITY as lead agency shall comply with the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (CalNAGPRA) which includes ancestral human remains, Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1359 of 1598
DUKE Cultural Resources Management
26 funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. The CITY shall consult with local Native American groups that are most likely culturally affiliated with the remains in developing a plan of action for the protection and repatriation of the human remains (43 CFR 10).

In addition, if the remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the NAHC, which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials. In addition, according to the California Health and Safety Code, a cemetery is place where six or more human bodies are buried (Section 8100), and unauthorized disturbance of Native American cemeteries is a felony (Section 7052).

If the proposed Project changes with regards to ground disturbing activities, additional efforts may be necessary.

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27 REFERENCES
Bean, L.
1972 Mukat’s People: The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Bean, Lowell J. and Katherine S. Saubel
1972 Temalpakh (from the Earth): Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Malki Museum Press, Banning.

Bean, Lowell J. and Charles R. Smith.
1978a Gabrielino. Robert F. Heizer, vol. ed. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8: California:
538–549. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
1978b Serrano. Robert F. Heizer, vol. ed. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8: California: 570– 574. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Bean, Lowell J., J. Schaefer, and S. Vane
1995 Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Ethnohistoric Investigations at Tahquitz Canyon, Palm Springs, California.

Cultural Systems Research, Inc. Submitted to Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Copies available at the Eastern Information Center, Riverside.

Brown, Alan K.
2001 A Description of Distant Roads. Original Journals of the First Expedition into California, 1769- 1770.

Brunzell, David
2016 Cultural Resources Assessment, California Street Widening Project, Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, California. BCR Consulting LLC. Submitted to Ruth Villalobos and Associates, Inc.

Byrd, Brian F. and L. Mark Raab
2007 Prehistory of the Southern Bight: Models for a New Millennium. In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pps. 215–227. AltaMira Press, New York.

Davis, E.L., C.W. Brott, and D.L. Weide
1969 The Western Lithic Co-Tradition. San Diego Museum PProject arears Vol. 6, San Diego Museum of Man, San Diego.

Dibblee, T.W. and J.A. Minch
2003 Geologic map of the Sunnymead quadrangle, Riverside County, California. 2004 Geologic map of the south ½ of Redlands quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California.

Earle, David D.
2004 Native Population and Settlement in the Western Mojave Desert in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. In Proceedings of the Millennium Conference: The Human Journey and Ancient Life in California’s Deserts, May 9-12, 2001 Maturango Museum Press, Ridgecrest, California.

Engstrand, Iris H. W. and Mary F. Ward
1995 Rancho Guajome: An Architectural Legacy Preserved. The Journal of San Diego History. San Diego Historical Society Quarterly. Editor: Richard W. Crawford. Vol. 41, No 4 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1361 of 1598
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28 Framefinder
1930 Flight C-910, Frame 23-24. Aerial imagery on file with the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Santa Barbara, California. Accessed March 17, 2023.

Fields, Tyler
2021 “Enabling Instream Rights in the Mill Creek Zanja.” Hastings Environmental Law Review, Vol. 27, No.

1. Hooper, Lucile.
1920 The Cahuilla Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 16:315-380.

Jones, Terry L., Gary M. Brown, L. Mark Raab, Janet L. McVickar, W. Geoffrey Spaulding, Douglas M.

Kennett, Andrew York, and Phillip L. Walker
2004 Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered: Demographic Crises in Western North America During the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. In Prehistoric California: Archaeology and the Myth of Paradise, L. Mark Raab and Terry L. Jones eds. Chapter 2, pgs. 12–32. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Koerper, H. C., and C. E. Drover
1983 Chronology Building for Coastal Orange County: The Case from CA-ORA-119A. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 19(2):1–34.

McCawley, William
1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. A Malki Museum Press/ Ballena Press Cooperative Publication.

Moratto, Michael J.
1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando.

Norris, R, and Robert Webb
1976 The Geology of California. Wiley Press, Lansing, Michigan.

Ogden, Hoffman
1862 Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

Numa Hubert, San Francisco.

Ramos, James
2009 “Indian Village, Ditch leads to Transformation of San Bernardino Valley.” Sun Redlands, Newspaper.

Rogers, T. H.
1965 Geologic Map of California: San Bernardino Sheet. California Division of Mines and Geology.

Rolle, Andrew F.
2003 California, A History. Harlan Davidson Inc., Wheeling, Illinois Scott, E., and K. Springer
2003 CEQA and fossil preservation in southern California: The Environmental Monitor, Fall 2003, p. 4-10.

SoilWeb
2023 Soils Data for the Redlands, California area. Electronic document, UC Davis California Soil Resource Lab and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu), accessed March 18, 2023.

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29 Sutton, Mark
2009 People and Language: Defining the Takic Expansion into Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 41(2&3):31–93.

Sutton, Mark
2010 A Reevaluation of Early Northern Uto-Aztecan Prehistory in Alta California. California Archaeology, 2(1):3-30.

Sutton, Mark Q. and David D. Earle
2017 The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River. Pacific Archaeological Society Quarterly 53 (2&3):1-61.

United States Census Bureau
1995 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1995, Section 1. Population. https://www.census.gov/ library/publications/1995/compendia/statab/115ed.html. Accessed February 20, 2023.

United States Geographic Survey (USGS)
1901 Redlands, Calif. 1:62,500 Topographic Map. Electronic document, USGS Historical Topographic Map Explorer (arcgis.com), accessed March 17, 2023.
1954 Redlands, Calif. 1:24,000 Topographic Map. Electronic document, USGS Historical Topographic Map Explorer (arcgis.com), accessed March 17, 2023.
1967 Redlands, Calif. 1:24,000 Topographic Map. Electronic document, USGS Historical Topographic Map Explorer (arcgis.com), accessed March 17, 2023.

Vellanoweth, René L. and Donn R. Grenda
2002 Paradise or Purgatory: Environments, Past and Present. In Islanders and Mainlanders: Prehistoric Context for the Southern California Bight, Jeffrey H. Altschul and Donn R. Grenda eds. Chapter 4, pgs. 67–84. SRI Press, Tucson, Arizona.

Wallace, William J.
1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11(3):214-230.

Warren, Claude N.
1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States Vol. 1, No. 3, edited by C. Irwin-Williams, pp. 1-14.

Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology, Portales, New Mexico. 1980 Chapter II: Cultural Chronology of the Mojave Desert. In A Cultural Resources Overview for the AmargosaMojave Basin Planning Units, edited by C. N. Warren, M. Knack, and E. von Till Warren. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Cultural Resources Publications, Anthropology/History, Riverside, California.

Warren, C. N. and R. H. Crabtree
1986 Prehistory of the Southwestern Area. In Great Basin, edited by W. L. D’Azevedo, pp. 183-193.

Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 11, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

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Appendix A
Resumes
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1364 of 1598
18 Technology Dr., Ste. 103
Irvine, CA 92618
949-356-6660
www.dukecrm.com
Archaeology History Paleontology
Curt Duke
President/Principal Archaeologist
Expertise
Cultural Resources Management
California Prehistory
Section 106 Compliance
CEQA Compliance
Native American Consultation
Education
CSU, Fullerton, M.A., Anth, 2006
SDSU, Grad Studies, Anth, 1996-97
UC Santa Cruz, B.A., Anth, 1994
Professional Registrations
RPA, No. 15969
County of Riverside (No. 151)
County of Orange
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Society for American Archaeology
Pacific Coast Archaeological Society
Assoc. of Environmental Professionals
Building Industry Association
Professional Experience
President/Principal Archaeologist, DUKE CRM, March 2011 to present Archaeologist/Principal, LSA Associates, 1997-2011
Archaeological/Paleontological Technician, Various Companies, 1995-97 Archaeological Technician/Teachers Assistant, Cabrillo College, 1994 Anthropological Laboratory Technician, UC Santa Cruz, 1994 Selected Project Experience
Reid/Baldwin Adobe, LA Arboretum, Arcadia, 2019-Present Veteran Affairs Medical Clinic, Santa Rosa, 2019
Deane Dana Friendship Park, Rancho Palos Verdes, 2019
Makayla Mine Expansion Project, Olancha, 2019
Sweeny Road, Lompoc, 2018
Vantage Point Church, Eastvale, 2016 and 2018
VA West Los Angeles Campus Master Plan, 2017-Present
Avenue S-8 and 40th St. E. Roundabout, Palmdale, 2017-18 SR-110 Improvements, Los Angeles, 2017
Diamond Valley Estates Specific Plan, Hemet, 2017
VA West Los Angeles Campus Hospital Replacement, 2016-Present Shoemaker Bridge Replacement, Long Beach, 2016-Present
Spruce Goose Hangar, Playa Vista, 2016
Rice Avenue at 5th Street Grade Separation, Oxnard, 2015-Present Vila Borba, Chino Hills, 2013-Present
Skyridge Residential, Mission Viejo, 2011-Present
Baker Water Treatment Plant, Lake Forest, 2014-2015
VA Clinic, Loma Linda, 2014-Present
Evanston Inn, Pasadena, 2014-2016
Petersen Ranch, Leona Valley, 2013-2014
California Street/Highway 101, Ventura, 2014-Present
6th Street Bridge Replacement, Los Angeles, 2013-Present I-15/I-215 IC Project, Devore, 2008-10
Colton Crossing Rail-to-Rail Grade Separation, 2008-11
City of LA DPW BOE, On-Call, Cultural/Paleo Services, 2008-11 Mid County Parkway, Riverside County, 2014-10
McSweeny Farms Specific Plan, Hemet, 2004-08
Mesquite Regional Landfill, Coachella Valley, 2006-08
Hacienda at Fairview Valley Specific Plan, Apple Valley2007-08 Majestic Hills Specific Plan, Hesperia, 2006-07
Chuckwalla Solar I Project, Desert Center, 2007-08
Needles Highway Improvement Project, 2004-06
Superstition Solar I Project, Salton Sea, Imperial County, 2008 Muddy Canyon Archaeological Project, Newport Beach, 1997-2001 Temecula 32, Archaeological Phase II Testing, 2007
Mammoth Lakes Parks/Rec and Trail System Master Plan, 2010 24th Street Improvements, City of Bakersfield, 2008-11
California Valley Solar Ranch, San Luis Obispo County, 2009-10 Delano-Alpaugh Water Pipeline, Kern/Tulare Counties, 2006-09 I-15/SR-79 IC Project, Temecula, 2006-10
Westlake Historic Resources Survey, Los Angeles, 2008-09 CETAP, western Riverside County, 1999-2001
Los Coches Creek Elementary School, near Alpine, 2003-06 Oak Valley Specific Plan 1 Amendment, Beaumont, 2004
San Nicolas Island, Naval Base Ventura County, CA, 1997 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1365 of 1598
18 Technology Dr., Ste. 103
Irvine, CA 92618
949-356-6660
www.dukecrm.com
Archaeology History Paleontology
Dana E. Supernowicz
Architectural Historian/Historical Archaeologist

SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE
2017 Architectural Evaluation Study of the Saint Hilary Catholic Church Complex Project, 5465 Citronell Avenue, Pico Rivera, Los Angeles County, California.
2017 Historical Evaluation Study of the Laguna Canyon Channel Improvement Project, Laguna Beach, Orange County, California.
2016 Cultural Resources Study of the Duarte Residential, 3rd & Oak Project, Duarte, Los Angeles County, California. 2015 Architectural Resource Assessment Study for the Reno VA Hospital, Washoe County, Reno Nevada. 2014 Historical Context and HABS/HAER Study for the Davis Family and Ranch, Fair Oaks, Sacramento, California. 2014 Architectural Evaluation Study of 1677 Whitham Avenue, Los Altos, Santa Clara County, California. 2012 Phase I Archaeological Test Excavation Report for the Ocean View High School Project (Option 3), AT&T Site No.

LAC214, 17071 Gothard Street, Huntington Beach, Orange County, California.

Professional Experience
Architectural Historian/Historical Archaeologist,
Independent Contractor, DUKE CRM – 4 Years
Principal Architectural Historian/Archaeologist, HRA, El Dorado Hills, 1985-Present
Principal Architectural Historian, Caltrans, Sacramento, 1999-18
Principal Section 106 Reviewer, CA SHPO, 2002; 2004-05
Zone Historian, USFS, Placerville, 1987-99
Regional Historian, USFS, Placerville, 1986-87
Historian and Archaeologist, USFS, Placerville, 1979-87 Archaeological Surveyor, Westec, San Diego, CA, 1976-79 Archaeological Surveyor, Regional Environmental
Consultants, San Diego, CA, 1976-79
Expertise
Cultural Resources Management
History/Architectural History
Historical Archaeology
Section 106 Compliance
CEQA Compliance
Native American Consultation
Education
CSU, Sacramento, M.A., History, 1983
UC Irvine, BA, Social Ecology/Planning 1978
Orange Coast College, Anthropology, 1976
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Society for Historical Archaeology
National Trust for Historic Preservation
Victorian Society
Professional Registrations
RPA, No. 989977
Summary of Qualifications
Mr. Supernowicz worked for the California State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) as a staff reviewer in the
Section 106 unit. During his tenure with the SHPO,
Supernowicz assisted in the development of
HABS/HAER documentation, Programmatic
Agreements (PAs), Memorandum of Agreements
(MOAs), and other agreement documents, reviewed
reports prepared by over 20 federal agencies, and assisted in planning efforts for the office. Mr. Supernowicz has been professionally involved in the research,
documentation, and mitigation of historic districts, sites, buildings and structures since 1976. He has worked for a variety of federal and state agencies, including Caltrans, the Department of Parks and Recreation, National Park
Service, and Bureau of Land Management. He was the first full-time historian and historical archaeologist employed by the U.S. Forest Service in California and served as the first Regional Historian and Zone Historian for California.

Mr. Supernowicz has experience both in historical and
archaeological studies, both large and small, including those initiated by city and state governments. Mr.

Supernowicz served as guest lecturer, UC Davis,
Department of Environmental Design and Cosumnes
River College, and has authored and co-authored
numerous reports and published articles. Several of those reports focused on establishing design guidelines and
standards for evaluating historic properties throughout California, including water delivery systems.

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DUKE Cultural Resources Management Page 2 of 3
Archaeology History Paleontology
2010 Cultural Resources Study of the Kodak Theatre Project, 6801 Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.
2009 Huntington Beach Historic Context Statement. Prepared for the City of Huntington Beach, California. 2008 HABS/HAER, Amador Central Railroad Martell Terminal and Grade (Ione & Eastern Railroad Company, Amador Foothill Railroad), Martell, Amador County, California. 2008 Archaeological Study of Guidici Ranch, Feather River Fish Hatchery, 475 Old Hatchery Road, Clio, Plumas County, California.
2006 Cultural Resources Study of the Granada Theatre Project, 1216 State Street, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, California.
2006 Architectural Assessment of the Golden Gate Park Stables (Equestrian Center) Barn and Grandstand, San Francisco, San Francisco County, California.
2006 National Register Nomination, Parish-Paugh House, Jackson, Amador County, California. 2005 Cultural Resources Study of the Secondo Farm, 20985 Buena Vista Road, Salinas, Monterey County, California. 2005 Cultural Resources Study of the Dune/17 Mile Drive Project, The Lodge at Pebble Beach, 1700 Seventeen Mile Drive, Pebble Beach, Monterey County, California.
2004 Architectural Study of the Leavesley/Dexter Mountain Ranch, Coyote Creek, East of Gilroy, Santa Clara County, California.
2003 Architectural Study of the Storm/Fetter Farm and Residence, 181 Hitchcock Road, Salinas, Monterey County, California.
2002 Rancho Murieta South: The Proposed Greens Subdivision Archaeological Monitoring Report, Phase I: Pre-Grading Field Survey and Results of the Historic Site Evaluation. 2000 National Register Determination of Eligibility for the USDA, Mt. Roubidoux Experiment Station and Laboratory, Riverside, California. Prepared for the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Davis, California. 1999 Archaeological Survey Report and Test Excavations of the Sawmill Ranch Property: A Proposed Planned development, El Dorado County, California.
1998 Addendum to Archaeological Investigation Report of Historic Placer Tailings and Ditches in Kingsville: A Proposed Country Club, Public Golf Course and Residential Community, El Dorado County, California. 1997 Phase II Archaeological Test Excavation at the Site of Rolling Hills House within Lake Forest: A Proposed Subdivision in El Dorado Hills, El Dorado County, California. 1994 Archaeological Survey Report of the Proposed Apple Hill Golf Ranch: A 27 Hole Championship Golf Facility Northwest of Camino, El Dorado County, California.
1991 Archaeological Investigations and Data Recovery of the Alexander Owen "Pike" Bell Site, Auburn, Placer County, California.
1990 Data Recovery and Mitigation of an Overseas Chinese Site in El Dorado County, California. 1987 Historic Resources Survey and National Register Nomination of the Mariposa Town Historic District, Mariposa High School, and St. Joseph Catholic Church, Mariposa, Mariposa County, California.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1367 of 1598
DUKE Cultural Resources Management Page 3 of 3
Archaeology History Paleontology
1985 National Register Nomination, Combelleck-Blair House, Placerville, El Dorado County, California. 2013 Historic Resource Evaluation Report for the Mills Peak Lookout, HRM #01-31-2013; Thompson Peak Lookout, HRM #01-47-2012; and Smith Peak Lookout, HRM #01-19-2013, Beckwourth and Milford Ranger Districts, Plumas National Forest, Plumas County, California.
2011 Architectural Survey and Development of Preservation Ordinance and Design Guidelines for the City of Grass Valley, Nevada County, California.
2008 Historical Context and Archaeological Research Design for Mining Properties in California. Prepared for California Department of Transportation.
2007 Historical Context and Archaeological Research Design for Agricultural Properties in California. Prepared for California Department of Transportation.
2004 Historic Resource Survey - The Architecture and Social History of the City of Tulare, Tulare County, California.

Final Report, Volumes I & II.
2004 Historic Architectural Survey of Bungalow Courts in the City of Fresno, Fresno County, California. 1999 Thematic Study of Recreational Residences in California. Prepared for the USDA, United States Forest Service. 1998 Draft, Comprehensive Management and Use Plan, Environmental Impact Statement for the California and Pony Express National Historic Trails. Prepared for the National Park Service. 1989 A Programmatic Approach for Evaluating Historic Water Conveyance Systems in California. Prepared for the USDA, United States Forest Service.
1989 Thematic Study of Fire Lookouts in California. Prepared for the USDA, United States Forest Service. 1989 Thematic Study of Forest Service Administrative Buildings in California. Prepared for the USDA, United States Forest Service.
1986 Thematic Study for Railroad Logging Properties in California. Prepared for the USDA, United States Forest Service.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1368 of 1598
18 Technology Dr., Ste. 103
Irvine, CA 92618
949-356-6660
www.dukecrm.com
Archaeology History Paleontology
Alexandria M. Bulato
Expertise
Cultural Resources Management
Pacific Coastal Archaeology
California Prehistory
Laboratory Analysis
Education
CSUSB, B.A., Anthropology, 2016
CSUSB, Certificate, Archaeology, 2016
USDA Forest Service, Applied
Archaeology Field School, 2015
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Ms. Bulato has seven years of experience in cultural resource management throughout central and southern California. She is well-versed in research, all phases of excavation, research, laboratory processing and analysis, cataloging and curation preparation, technical writing, and construction monitoring.

She has experience leading and performing cultural resource investigations under Section 106 of the NHPA and under CEQA.

SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE
PCH Pavement Rehabilitation, Malibu, CA
Archaeologist/Field Director, DUKE CRM, 2022 – 2023
Ventura Broadband, Ventura County, CA
Archaeologist/Field Director, DUKE CRM, 2022 – 2023
Section 110 NRHP Evaluations of Prehistoric Archaeological Sites on Vandenberg Space Force Base, Lompoc, CA
Archaeologist, Applied EarthWorks, 2020 – 2022
Vandenberg Space Force Base Fence-to-Fence, Lompoc, CA
Archaeologist, Applied EarthWorks, 2020 – 2022
VSFB Range Sustainment Project, Lompoc, CA
Archaeologist, Applied Earth Works, 2020 – 2022
VSFB Union Pacific Railroad Honda Trestle Improvement Project, Lompoc, CA
Archaeologist, Applied EarthWorks, 2020 – 2022
Ocean Place Project, Seal Beach, CA
Archaeologist, DUKE CRM, 2018 – 2019
Diamond Valley Estates Specific Plan, Hemet, CA
Archaeologist, DUKE CRM, 2017 – 2019
Vila Borba Specific Plan, Chino Hills, CA
Archaeologist/Laboratory Technician, DUKE CRM, 2016 – 2019 Skyridge Residential Project, Mission Viejo, CA
Archaeologist/Laboratory Technician, Duke CRM, 2017 – 2019 Spruce Goose Hangar Project,Playa Vista, CA
Crew Member, Statistical Research, Inc., 2016 – 2016
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1369 of 1598
DUKE Cultural Resources Management
Appendix B
California DPR 523 Forms
Confidential Appendix:

Not for Public Review
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1370 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ___________________________________________ PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial ________________________________________ NRHP Status Code ________________________________
Other Listings ___________________________________________________________ Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________ Date ______________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DPR 523A *Required Information

P1. Other Identifier: Zanja Channel
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino *b. USGS 7.5’ Quad: Redlands, California
c. Address: N/A City: Loma Linda Zip:
d. UTM: N/A
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate): A portion of the Mission Creek Channel, located north of the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and California Street for approximately 200’. *P3a. Description:

P3b. Resource Attributes: HP11 – Engineering structure
*P4. Resources Present:  Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District P5b. Description of Photo: View looking southeast
down the Mission Creek Channel towards the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and California Street.
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:  Historic
1929-1938; 1950s-1960s with later improvements.
*P7. Owner and Address: San Bernardino County
Flood Control District/City of Loma Linda.
*P8. Recorded by: Dana E. Supernowicz, Architectural
Historian, Historic Resource Associates, 3142 Bird Rock Road, Pebble Beach, CA 93953.
*P9. Date Recorded:January 2023
*P10. Type of Survey:  Architectural
Describe: Architectural Recordation and Evaluation per
CEQA.
*P11. Report Citation: Historical Evaluation Study of the California Street/Redlands Boulevard Intersection
Improvements (C-0460) Project, Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC, 18 Technology Drive, Suite 103, Irvine, CA 92618. Prepared by Historic Resource Associates, 3142 Bird Rock Road, Pebble Beach, CA 93953. January 2023
*Attachments: Building, Structure, and Object Record; Photograph Record P5a. Photograph or Drawing (Photograph required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
The subject property consists of a segment of a former natural channel or creek commonly referred to as the Mission Creek Channel or the Zanja Canal, a name associated with the nearby Mission Zanja. The segment addressed in this record runs north from the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and California Street for approximately 200’. The drainage or storm water channel is trapezoidal in shape and filled with rip-rap and concrete. The channel, which measures approximately 50’ in width, together with two concrete and gravel filled and compacted access roads or paths, is operated and maintained by San Bernardino County Flood Control. Channelization of Mission Creek occurred between 1929 and 1938, with the segment addressed in this record north of Redlands Boulevard fully channelized in the 1950s1960s (Brunzell 2016: 7). Refer to Primary Record, Page 2 of 14).

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1371 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ___________________________________________ PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial ________________________________________ NRHP Status Code ________________________________
Other Listings ___________________________________________________________ Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________ Date ______________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DPR 523A *Required Information

*P3a. Description: (Continued):

At the south end of the channel, before it crosses under Redlands Boulevard, is a reinforced concreted slab bridge with concrete rails, presumably built in the late 1930s when the channel was constructed. The Zanja Canal, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), begins at the Mission Zanja, located approximately 2,500’ southeast of the Mission Creek Channel and trends southeast into Redlands (Brunzell 2016: 7).

The Mission Creek Channel is flanked by open space, apartments and single-family homes. To the west of the channel north of Redlands Boulevard are the Somerset Apartments that date to mid-1980s with a small sliver of undeveloped land to the east. South of Redlands Boulevard along the east side of the channel are the Vista Loma Village Apartments built in 1970s and to the west another sliver or undeveloped land. The concrete battered wall channel continues northwest for approximately 2.5 miles before it turns into an open channel flanked by vegetation. From there the channel continues to the west for 0.40 miles before it terminates into the Santa Ana River Floodway. To the south the channel continues as a concrete battered wall channel for approximately 1.3 miles where it terminates at Tennessee Street in the City of Redlands.

Figure 1: San Bernardino County Flood Control
District Aerial Map of the Mission Channel.

Project
Location
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1372 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

B1. Historic Name: Mission Zanja Canal
B2. Common Name: Mission Creek/Zanja Channel
B3. Original Use: Flood control or storm water channel B4. Present Use: Flood control or storm water channel *B5. Architectural Style: Battered rip-rap and concrete drainage or storm water channel *B6. Construction History: The flood control channel was constructed between 1929 and 1938 with later improvements. *B7. Moved?  No  Yes  Unknown Date: N/A Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: The segment of channel bisects Redlands Boulevard and California Street, running northwest to southeast, flanked by apartments to the west, unimproved land to the northeast, and a school to the southwest. *B10. Significance: Theme: Engineering/Flood Control Area: Loma Linda Period of Significance: 1929-1938 Property Type: Engineering Structure Applicable Criteria: CRHR 1-4 The historic context for the Mission Creek Channel lies with the Mission Zanja and the Zanja Canal, also known as the Zankey, which runs through Redlands. The Zanja Canal was built in 1819 by Mission Indians and provided water for the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia Mission outpost, which was built near the canal to access its water. The canal's water became a highly desirable resource in the area; it fueled a local agricultural boom and was the subject of several legal disputes over water rights during the nineteenth century. The City of Redlands covered the western half of the zanja in the 1920s. The zanja was designated a California Historical Landmark in 1932, named a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The canal now carries drainage water and storm runoff out of the city; it is the oldest irrigation canal in California which is still in use and the oldest civil engineering project in Southern California. The Mission Zanja Canal also known as the Mill Creek Zanja is over 200 years old, runs for twelve-miles and was cut from the banks of an intermittent creek. The Zanja was built originally as an irrigation canal to serve agriculture and industry in what is now Redlands, California located just outside Los Angeles. Since the Zanja’s construction in the early nineteenth century, the “rights” to the waters of the Zanja have been intensely litigated, highly sought after, and heavily debated. Today, the Zanja flow is around 40,000 to 50,000-acre feet per year. The water is used primarily by the City of Redlands for drinking water and by Crafton Water Company for local agrarian interests (Fields 2021: 18; Ramos 2009). Refer to BSO, Page 4 of 14.

B11. Additional Resource Attributes:

B12. References: Brunzell, David. Cultural Resources Assessment, California Street Widening Project, Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, California. December 6, 2016; Chastain, Carrie. Historic Property Survey Report for Interstate 10 Corridor Project, San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties, Caltrans, April 2015; City of Loma Linda. Loma Linda General Plan Safety Element, August 2021; Fields, Tyler. “Enabling Instream Rights in the Mill Creek Zanja.” Hastings Environmental Law Review. Volume 27, No. 1, Winter 2021; Goodman & Associates. City of Loma Linda, California Street and Storm Drian Improvement Plans, 2011; Netroline Website. Historic Aerial Photographs. www.historicaerials.com. Accessed January 2023; Ramos, James. “Indian Village, Ditch leads to Transformation of San Bernardino Valley.” Sun Redlands, Newspaper, November 12, 2009; Redlands Area Historical Society website, USGS 7.5’ Redlands, California Topographic Quadrangle Maps 1899, 1901, 1954, 1967, 1996, and 2012; Van Boyen, Alice. National Register Nomination. “Mill Creek Zanja.” 1976. Copy on file with the State Historic Preservation Office, Sacramento, California.

B13. Remarks: None.

B14. Evaluator: Dana E. Supernowicz, Architectural Historian, Historic Resource Associates, 3142 Bird Rock Road, Pebble Beach, CA 93953.

Date of Evaluation: January 2023
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH (Google Earth 2023)
This space reserved for official comments.

Mission Creek
Channel
Segment
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1373 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

In 1819, during the Spanish colonization of California, an Asistencia mission was set up by Spanish priests in what is now Redlands, California to serve the nearby Mission San Gabriel in the Los Angeles area. In the same year, the priests contracted with a local tribe of Native Americans to assist them in building a twelve-mile irrigation “zanja” that would bring water to the region and irrigate the farms being built in the surrounding area. Legend has it that the original builders used the shoulder blade bones of cattle as spades and grass woven baskets to move the earth and pave the way for water to flow down to the Asistencia.

This canal formed the basis of what is the Zanja today. The Asistencia was sacked by a neighboring tribe fifteen years later and the canal was left in some disrepair for the next five years. As a result, in 1839, Jose del Carmen Lugo applied for and received a charter from the Mexican government for eight leagues worth of the Rancho San Bernardino. area. This grant included not only the old Asistencia but specifically a water right to the Zanja and the water it brought to the area. Thus began what would become the permanent resettlement of the San Bernardino area. California was admitted to the United States in 1850 and in 1851 a large portion of the Rancho San Bernardino area and accompanying Zanja water rights were sold to the Mormon Church. The U.S.

Land Commission for California approved the Zanja water rights sold to the Lugo family after the annexation and by 1859, the litigation had already begun. Some of this litigation is highlighted below, but a number of Zanja water right-specific decisions have created a traceable history of the varied allocation plans. The water was primarily allocated on an hourly rate, meaning that most often, a user exercised their right by taking the entirety of the flow for a specified number of hours. Most prominent among these agreements was the famed “3:00 pm to 9:00 pm” agreement. In short, the upstream users determined that if they took all of the flow of the Zanja between 3:00 pm and 9:00 pm, the empty Zanja flow would not be felt by the downstream users until the middle of the night. Thus, much of the litigation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries centered around enforcement and tweaks to this deal as land ownership splintered and ranches expanded both up and downstream. In an effort to coordinate among the rapidly fragmenting ownerships, in 1882, the Crafton Water Company (Crafton Water) was formed by a number of upstream users to begin consolidating their flow of the Zanja into one central irrigation distribution mechanism (Fields 2021: 19- 31; Ramos 2009).

Over the next 100 years, a mountain of litigation ensued. The Zanja and the water it carried were the lifeblood of the region and the number of lawsuits filed reflects its importance and financial value. Everything from local agriculture, vineyards, power plants, and even a furniture plant sprung up around the shores of the Zanja. Around the same time, the City of Redlands (City) was forming and beginning to attract more than just agrarian interests. Settlers of all backgrounds came to Redlands and by 1910 the population had swelled to over 10,000.36 In 1926 the City voted to issue a bond to begin purchasing water rights from current Zanja owners. By 1939, the 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm agreement had moved to a ten-day flow schedule. This means that the total number of hours to which an owner had a right was out of the 240 hours in a ten-day period, as opposed to the 168 hours in a seven-day week period. As such, in 1939, the City owned 92.65 and Crafton Water owned 127.5 of those 240 total hours.

Thirteen other owners possessed hour rights, though the biggest owner after the City and Crafton Water was an estate with just

4.5 hours. Today, Crafton Water and the City still own roughly half of the flow hours and split the amount evenly on the same ten-day schedule. Both utilize somewhat more efficient mechanisms at their intakes than the dirt lined canal built in 1819, but the Zanja itself remains largely intact (Fields 2021: 33-42; Ramos 2009). The Zanja is a California Historical Landmark designated on August 1, 1932 within the City of Redlands.

The canal segment discussed in this record forms the upper extension of Mill Creek and was developed between 1929-1938 with improvements during the 1950s and 1960s that channelized the creek or flood control channel north of Redlands Boulevard and California Street. The construction was carried out by the San Bernardino County Flood Control District in order to restrict flood water from damaging farms and homes along its course through the city of Loma Linda. Since the 1960s, there has been improvements to the channel that included reinforcement of its walls with concrete and rip-rap and clearing the channel periodically of debris. The standard reinforced concrete slab bridge that crosses under Redlands Boulevard is believed to have been constructed in 1938 with the southern concrete bridge railing removed in the past decade or so when the intersection was widened.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1374 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Figure 3: Aerial photograph 1938 showing the Mission Creek segment with no channelization and natural vegetation.

Figure 2: Location of the Mission Creek Channel segment addressed in this record in relation to the Mission Zanja (CA-SBR-8092H).

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1375 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Figure 5: Aerial photograph 1966 showing the Mission Creek segment with full channelization and loss of natural vegetation.

Mission Creek
Channel
Segment
Figure 4: Aerial photograph 1959 showing the Mission Creek segment with channelization on the left and right.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1376 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Figure 6: Aerial Photograph of Mission Creek Channel segment addressed in this record.

Mission Creek
Channel Segment
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1377 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Figure 7: View looking north at the Mission Creek Channel Segment (Google Earth 2023).

Figure 8: View looking north at the Mission Creek Channel Segment (Google Earth 2023).

Channel
Segment
Channel
Segment
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1378 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR) Criteria The regulatory framework for this historic resource study and the evaluation lies within the guidelines imposed for the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR) under Public Resources Code section 5024.1. CEQA guidelines define a significant cultural resource as “a resource listed in or eligible for listing on the CRHR. A historical resource may be eligible for inclusion in the CRHR if it:

1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage;

2. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;

3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or

4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history.

Even if a resource is not listed in, or determined eligible for listing in, the CRHR, the lead agency may consider the resource to be an “historical resource” for the purposes of CEQA provided that the lead agency determination is supported by substantial evidence (CEQA Guidelines 14 CCR 15064.5). According to the state guidelines, a project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource or a unique archaeological resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment (14 CCR 15064.5[b]). CEQA further states that a substantial adverse change in the significance of a resource means the physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be materially impaired. Actions that would materially impair the significance of a historical resource are any actions that would demolish or adversely alter those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its significance and qualify it for inclusion in the CRHR or in a local register or survey that meet the requirements of PRC 5020.1(k) and 5024.1(g).

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1379 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Determining the significance of the Mission Creek Channel and associated improvements is predicated on the property being associated with a significant event or events, a person or person of significance in the history of Loma Linda, and the structure’s potential engineering significance retaining a sufficient level of integrity in order to convey its historic character and design.

Integrity Considerations:

Location - The Mission Creek Channel retains its original location.

Design - The engineering design of the channel has been altered over the years through widening and the addition of rip-rap and concrete.

Setting - The setting of the property has been altered by the post-1960s development of apartments and road widening.

Materials - The original materials applied to the channel appear to have been altered and/or supplemented by additional concrete and rip-rap.

Workmanship - The original workmanship of the structure has been compromised by widening and rip-raps.

Feeling - The feeling of the structure is marginally visible, although the channel has been widened.

Association - The structure retains an association with flood control efforts in Redlands and is still recognizable as a flood control or stormwater channel. The structure bears little or no association with the original Zanja Canal or natural creek.

CONCLUSION
In applying the criteria of the CRHR, under Criterion 1, the subject property still retains an association with its function – channelizing the creek to prevent flooding. However, the property lacks integrity, and while still functioning in a similar manner as when built, the configuration and design of the former channel has changed. Under CRHR Criterion 2, the property does not appear to be associated with a person or persons of significance in Redlands. Under Criterion 3, because of its lack of integrity, the property no longer possesses engineering features associated with its period of significance to qualify under this criterion. Finally, under CRHR Criterion 4, the subject property does not have the ability to yield, nor is it likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history. In summary, the segment of Mission Creek Channel addressed in this record lacks integrity and does not appear to be a significant resource per the CRHR under Criteria 1, 2, 3, and 4. The circa late-1930s reinforced concrete culvert that still exists on the north side of Redlands Boulevard and east of California Street is associated with a previously recorded segment of Redlands Boulevard (P-36-032482) that was previously evaluated as ineligible for the NRHP and that does not appear to be a significant resource eligible for the CRHR under any criteria. The Mission Zanja (CA-SBR-8092H), which was listed on the NRHP in 1976, lies outside the segment of channel addressed in this record to the east.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1380 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

PHOTOGRAPHS
Photograph 1: View looking at the remaining part of the former reinforced concrete bridge over Mission Creek east up Redlands Boulevard on the west side of California Street.

Photograph 2: Close-up of the end wall of the bridge with its numeric designation.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1381 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Photograph 3: View of the south end of the Mission Creek Channel segment before it goes underneath Redlands Boulevard.

Photograph 4: View looking southeast at the Mission Creek Channel segment toward Redlands Boulevard and California Street.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1382 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Photograph 5: View looking north from the bridge over
Redlands Boulevard at the Mission Creek Channel Segment.

Photograph 6: View looking north across Redlands Boulevard at the remaining concrete railing over the Mission Creek Channel.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1383 of 1598
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # ____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _______________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE & OBJECT RECORD
DPR 523B *Required Information

*B10. Significance: (Continued):

Photograph 7: View looking southeast towards the
Redlands Boulevard crossing of the Mission Creek Channel.

Photograph 8: View looking across the channel at
the bank cut, undeveloped land, and California Street.

Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1384 of 1598
DUKE Cultural Resources Management
Appendix C
CHRIS Records Search Data
Confidential Appendix:

Not for Public Review
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1385 of 1598
cq 7//3 State of California —The Resources Agency Primary # P-36-OoI4&4-UPDATE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# )c’’7 ‘.

CONTI N UATI ON SHEET Trinomial CA-SBR-7139H UPDATE

*Recorded by: P.Fulton *Date: 4/10/2012 D Continuation L1 Update The site has been destroyed by large scale industrial development.

DPR 523L (1195) *Required information
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1386 of 1598 1DLW (1 D
Archaeological Site Record Trinomial: CA-SBr-71 39H
Michael K. Larch &Associates Field No.: MKIA-9102-1

7. County: San Bernardino

2. USGSQuad: Redlands 7.5’, 1967, photorevised 198$

3. UTM Coordinates: Zone 11; A: 479210 mE; 3771850 mN. B: 479210 mE; 3769800 mN.

C: 477600 mE; 3769800 mN. D: 477600 mE; 3771225 mN.

4. Township iS Range 3W; S Y of Section 18, N 4 of Section 19 (proj ected). SBBM

5. MapCoordinates: 220-254 mmS; 28-95 mmE. 6. Elevation: 1,100-1,160 feet

7. Location: Marigold Farms is bounded on the north by the Santa Ana River, on the east by California Street, on the south by Lugonia Avenue, and on the west by Mountain View Avenue. The dairy barn associated with Marigold Farms is located on the west side of California Street at Almond Avenue.

The site record is based on fieldwork south of San Bernardino Avenue; the northern portion is recorded on the basis of archival and oral historical sources.

8. Prehistoric Historic X Protohistoric

9. Site Description: Marigold Farms was/is a dairy, farming, and ranching operation that dates from 1915 to the present. A dirt road once extended into the property from the east. This road may have been an extension of Almond Avenue, or Hugo Avenue, parallel to and south of Almond. Bryn Mawr Avenue, another dirt road, bisects the center of the property from north to south. A railroad siding named Marigold was located at the north center of the property on the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company line.

JO. Area: 1¼ mi. x 1 mi.; 750 acres Method of Determination: scaled from map

11. Depth: surface cm. Method of Determination: estimate

72. Features: Extant on the southern portion of the site are a historic milking barn (Feature 1; CA-SBr-6857H) and a presumed modern equipment storage shed. Other historical features associated with Marigold Farms (domestic structure, hammer mill, silos, etc.) are located north of San Bernardino Avenue, outside the boundaries of the property under investigation, and were not formally recorded during this research. A historic resources inventory record of the north portion of the site has been assigned pending P1063-68H. A cluster of residences was once located west of the barn. Wooden structures located at the south central portion of the property are thought to postdate the historical period. Two dirt roads are described in item 9, above. A red fired-brick standpipe is located approximately 10 meters southwest of the southwest corner of the barn.

Reservoirs were once present on the property. The Marigold railroad siding was located near the north central portion of the property.

73. Artifacts: Only two artifacts were noted that may be associated with historical activities at the site; a metal clamp from the top of a (milk?) barrel was found in Room 2 of the dairy barn, and a metal doorknob plate was found in Alcove B.

14. Non-artifactual constituentsiFaunal Remains: most of the site is under cultivation with alfalfa

15. DateRecorded: 29-30 July 1991 16. RecordedBy: K. Swope, K. Slater, B. Cardoza

77. Affiliation and Address: Michael K. Lerch & Associates P. 0. Box 55134, Riverside, CA 92517-0134
Adapted from DPR 422 MKLA (Rev. 10/91)
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1387 of 1598 frU371Y
Archaeological Site Record Trinomial: CA-SBr-71 39H
Michael K. Lerch &Associates Field No.: MKIA-9102-l

18. Human Remains; none observed nor likely

19. Site Disturbance: Crafitti have been painted on the interior walls of the barn.

Upper portions of both the interior and exterior walls contain numerous holes through the plaster. Extensive modern dumping has partially filled the milking lanes, making architectural observations difficult. The barn is slated for demolition prior to development of the property. Continual cultivation of the property since Marigold Farms was dissolved would have destroyed the integrity of potential surface artifacts.

20. NearestWater: Santa Ana River at north edge of site. In historical times as at present, the property was furnished with irrigation water.

21. Vegetation Community (vicinity): cultivated palms, orange groves, alfalfa, vegetables

22. Vegetation Community(onsite): alfalfa (Medicaga sativa), willow (Salix spp.), and avocado (Persea americana) trees; tumbleweeds (Salsola iberica).

23. Site Soil: sandy loam 24. Surrounding Soil: same

25. Geology; Quaternary alluvium 26. Landform; alluvial terrace

27. Slope: very slight to west 28. Exposure: open

29. Landowner(s)/Tenants. Address: Southern portion—Barton Development, 10535 Foothill Boulevard, #350, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730; Northern portion—Marigold Business Park

30. Remarks: Site is not considered eligible for listing in the NRHP but is locally significant.

31. References: Southern portion—Cultural Resources Assessment of the Barton Center of Redlands, Marigold Farms, City of Redlands, San Bernardino County, California, by Karen K. Swope and Michael K. Lerch, March 1992; Northern portion—An Architectural Determination of Eligibility/ Significance Report and an Archaeological Survey of the Marigold Business Park, by Roger C. Hatheway, December 1991.

32. Name of Project: Southern portion—Barton Center of Redlands Concept Plan; Northern portion—Marigold Business Park.

33. Type of Investigation: Intensive surface inventory and historic structure recording on southern portion (Swope and Lerch 1992); archaeological “walkover” and architectural evaluation on northern portion (Hatheway 1991).

34. Site Accession No.: n/a Curated At: n/a

35. Photos; B/W prints and color slides, on file at MKIA, see report Adapted from DPR 422 MKLA (Rev. 10/9 1)
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1388 of 1598 r5LoL)O7fi1
Historic Feature Record Trinomial: CASBr7J 39H
Michael K. Lerch & Associates Field No.: MKLA- 9102-1, Feature 1

HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY: Feature 1
IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION Set. No.

1. Historic Name Marigold Farms Dairy Barn National Register Status 551

2. Common or Current Name same Local Designation none

3. Number & Street California Street Cross-Corridor Almond Avenue City Redlands Vicinity Only ZIP 92408 County SBr

4. UTM Zone 11 A 479130/3770210 B C D

5. Quad Map No. Parcel No. Other

DESCRIPTION

6. Property Category Building If District. Number of Documented Resources

7. Briefly describe the present physical appearance of the property, including condition, boundaries, surroundings, and (if appropriate)architecturalstyle. This milking barn measures 45 ft. N/S x 145 ft. E/W.

It is basically of rectangular construction, with a single gable roof on the west, and a low hip roof on the east. Corrugated sheet metal provides the roofing material. The barn is constructed of poured concrete, with cement stucco on portions of the upper exterior walls. Five louvered cupola ventilators are situated on the roof, which has projecting eaves and exposed rafters. Flat casement windows are incorporated into the construction. Fifteen rooms and alcoves were identified in the barn, as well as a wooden shed addition. Included are: a washing room, a cold storage room, an electrical control room, and two milking lanes. Other extant historical structures associated with Marigold Farms, but not recorded during this assessment, are located north of the recorded portion of this site. These structures include a residence, a hammer mill, silos, and a hay barn.

8. Planning Agency City of Redlands

9. Owner&Address Barton Development, 10535 Foothill Boulevard, #350, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730

10. Type of Ownership Private 71. Present Use Vacant

12. Zoning unknown 13. Threats approved for demolition

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

14. Construction Date(s) 1915-1917 A Original Location same Date Moved n/a

15. Alterations &Date Wooden shed added to south-central exterior, date unknown.

76. Architect Unknown Builder Unknown

17. Historic Attributes (with Number from List) 04—Ancillary Building, 08—Industrial Building, 33—Farm/Ranch, 37—Highway/Trail

SIGNIFICANCE AND EVALUATION

18. Context for Evaluation: Theme Economic/Industrial Area Redlands Period 1915-1945 Property Type Barn Context Formally Developed? No Adapted from DPR 523 (Rev. 6/90) MKLA (Rev. 10/91)
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1389 of 1598 Historic Feature Record Trinomial: CA-SBr-7 1 39H
Michael K. Lerch &Associates Field No.: MKJA-91O2-l, Feature 1

HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY: Feature 1 (cont.)

19. Briefly discuss the property’s importance within the context. Use historical and architectural analysis as appropriate.

Compare with similar properties. This barn represents the only remaining physical evidence of early dairy activity in the Redlands area. Particularly because so much of the agricultural history of Redlands is focused on the citrus industry, this barn, as an example of dairy activity, has local importance.

20. Sources Numerous archival records, oral interviews, and newspaper articles; see Cultural Resources Assessment of the Barton Center of Redlands, Marigold Farms, City of Redlands, San Bernardino County, California, by Karen K. Swope and Michael K. Lerch, March 1992

21. Applicable National Register Criteria n/a

22. Other Recognition California Archaeological Inventory, CA-SBr-6857H State Landmark No. (if applicable) none

23. Evaluator Karen K. Swope
Date of Evaluation 15 December 1991

24. SurveyType Project Related

25. Survey Name Cultural Resources Assessment of the Barton Center of Redlands

26. Year Form Prepared 1992 By (name) Michael K. Lerch, Karen K. Swope Organization Michael K. Lerch & Associates
Address Post Office Box 55134
City&Zip Riverside, CA 92517-0134
Telephone (714) 784-6293
Adapted from DPR 623 (Rev. 6/90) MKLA (Rev. 10/91)
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1390 of 1598 CA-SBr-71 39H
MKLA-9102-l, Feature 1
Marigold Farms
Trinomial:

Field No.:

Site Name:

Historic Feature Photographs
Michael K. Lerch & Associates

View southeast of barn, showing arched entry vestibules View southwest of barn, showing cupola ventilators
MKLA Re 1O9r
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1391 of 1598 Room 1
Room 2
Room 3
Room 4
Room 5
Room 6
Room 7Room 8Room 9
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Cold storage room
Electrical control room
Wagon/truck driveway
Main room/milking areaArched entry vestibule for cows
Arched entry vestibule for cowsMain entrance
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B Bathroom
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exterior access
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36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1392 of 1598 Archaeological Site Map Trinomial: CA-SBr-7 1 39H
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36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1393 of 1598 -Y(rt; tt<jC/
Archaeological Site Location
Michael K. Lerch & Associates

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Source: USGS Redlands 7.5’topographic quadrangle, 1967, pr. 1988 MKLA (Rev. 10191) 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1394 of 1598 Slate of California -The Resources Agency
%i DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
OFFICE OF HISTORiC PRESERVATION

HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY
IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION Set. No. -

1. HIstoric Name Miri gold farms National Register Status ___________
Local DesIgnation____________________
a CommonorCurrentNamo Marigold Farms

3. Number&Streat 26114 San Bernardino Ave. Cross-Corridor Cal ifornia St.

Cily Red 1 and S Vicinity Only — ZIP 924 08 County (3-Letter Designator) S l R

4. (JIM Zone — A NJ A B
C
_____
D
_______________

5. Ouad Map No. N/A Parcel No. N I A Other
_______________________________________

DESCRIPTION

6. Property Category B I U g. . Str u c. If District1 Number of Documented Resources N / A 7. BrIefly describe the present physical appearance of the property, Including condition, boundaries, surroundings, and (ii appropriith architecturat style.

Marigold Farms, otherwise known as the Marigold Business Park Redlands,
property, is located at 26114 San Bernardino Avenue, City of California. It consists of an extended complex of
building and structural features. The main building complex fronts along the’north side of San Bernardino Avenue,
approximately one—half mile to the west of California Street (Photos 1—2). It includes a small tenant house (Photos 3—4), a large barn/utility building (Photo 5), a weigh scale and scale house (Photo 9), a small corrugated metal building (Photo 10), a large open shed (Photo 14), a set of gas pumps (photo 16), twin concrete
14—15),
silos (Photo 6), several equipmen,t storage areas (Photo housing
and several modern trailers and RV’s used as employee
(Photo 13). A pump house, well, and storage shed are located approximately one-third of a mile to the north of the

8.Alteratjons&Date 1919-present (see report)

9. Related Features on Property (See report)
Attach Photo Envelope Hero 10. Planning Agency
Put Address and Photo Date on Rear of Photo Red 1 and s

11. Owner & Address
(See Report)
(SEE ATTACHED PHOTOGRAPHS) —

12.TypeotOwnarship private

13.ProsentUse farm

14.Zoning N/A

15. Threats N/A
Send a copy of this form to: State Office of Historic Preservation, P.O. Box 942896, Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 DPR 523 (Rev. 11/89)
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1395 of 1598 H.,TORICAL INFORMATION --

16. Construction Date(s) 1 9 1 3—Present Original Location Y e S Date Moved ____

17. ArchItect None Builder Unknown V

18. HIstoric Attributes (with Number from Ust) N/A (see report)

SIGNIFICANCE AND EVALUATION

19. Context for Evaluation: Theme (See Report) Area (See Report) Period fRpnrt) PropertyType (See Report) Context Formally Developed? Yes

20. Briefly discuss the property’s Importance within the context. Use historical and architectural analysis as appropriate. Compare with similar properties.

The Marigold Business Park propeVrty was originally owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited, an enterprise established by Matthew Gage in order to carry out his irrigation plans fot the Riverside area. Subsequently, portions of the property were owned by the Cage Canal Company, a “spin—off” of the Riverside Trust Company Limited, and by various private investors including Arthur Gregory (Redlands Security Company), and C. S. Chapman, Alice Ellen Chapman, Sam Collins, and Lester Semans. The ownership and improvement history of the property is as follows:

21. Sources
Refer to Report Bibliography Sketch map. Show location and boundaries of property in relation to nearby streets, railways,

22. Applicable National Register Criteria None natural landmarks, etc. Name each feature. (Possible local landmark)

23. Other Recognition None
State Landmark No. (It applicable) None V

24. Evaluator Roger Hatheway
DateofEvaluation December 1991

25. SurveyType (See Report) (REFER TO ATTACHED MAPS)
(SEE REPORT) 26. Survey Name

27. Year Form Prepared 199 1
By(Name) Roger Hatheway
Organization Hatheway & Associates
Address P0 Box 3246
ClIy&ZIP Crestline 92325
Phone (714) 338—0027
36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1396 of 1598 ITEM t7 DESCRIPTION CONTD.
main building complex (Photos 11—12), and three additional silos are located approximately one—quarter of a mile to the north of the well and pump house (Photo 7). Additional features ‘include a small concrete reservoir (Photo 8), and numerous irrigation standpipes and junction boxes (Photos 17—18). The majority of building features are in poor to fair condition. All of the silos have been abandoned, and their caps and equipment have been removed. The small above—ground reservoir is abandoned, and the sheds and barns are minimally maintained. The tenant house appears to be in fair to poor condition.

The tenant house consists of a single story wood frame
building unit. It is built in an essentially rectangular plan, and -is built on a concrete foundation. The building is designed as a very minimal example of the Craftsman architectural style, including the use of exposed rafter ends and clapboard siding.

The structure appears to have been added onto at least twice, and is undistinguished architecturally.

The twin silos near the main building complex are of
monolithic concrete construction. They are approximately 18 feet in diameter, and are circular in plan. The three silos located in the northwestern corner of the property are also of concrete construction, and they are each approximately 18 feet in diameter. Two of these are stave type silos, while the third is based on a variation of the Unadilla type. All of the silos have their caps and equipment removed. The silos are, however, the only examples of their architectural type within the City of Redlands.

The large barn, small shed and pump house are of wood frame construction with corrugated metal siding. They are strictly utilitarian/industrial in design, and are not unique
architectural examples of their type. The small wood frame scale house, and large concrete scale are (architecturally) relatively unique at a local level, but they are not the only examples of their type in the region. The large open shed has a wood frame, and a pitched corrugated metal roof. It is of typical construction and is in poor condition.

The remaining structural features, standpipes, junction boxes, abandoned reservoir, etc., are all typical in design and method of construction. Essentially the same units may be found throughout the entire Inland Empire.

In summary, by far the majority of features of the Marigold Farms building complex are undistinguished architecturally. The five silos are unique to the Redlands area, and they clearly have local interest and significance. It must also be noted that a considerable variety of historic agricultural implements are to be found on the property, including water wagons, hay rakes, 3 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1397 of 1598 3’-oo 7’5?
discs, harrows, and a planter. These pieces of equipment are becoming increasingly rare, and should be regarded as unique.

ITEM *20: SIGNIFICANCE AND EVALUATION CONTD.

County Assessor’s jp and Lot Book Information
Book 9: 1895—1903 and Book 10: 1895—1903
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited.

Lots 1—3, 34—47, 54—55, and 64—70 are listed as owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited.

Book 9: 1904—1907 and Book 10: 1895—1903
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited.

Lots 1—3, 34—47, 54-55, and 64—70 are listed as owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited.

Book 9: 1908—1972 and Book 10: 1908—1912
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited.

Lots 1—3, 34—47, 54—55, and 64—70 are listed as owned by the Riverside Trust Company Limited.

Book 9: 1913—1917 and Book 10: 1913—1917
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Gage Canal Company beginning in 1913. A $100 improvement is listed.

Lots 1-3, 34—47, 54—55, and 64—70 are listed as owned by the Redlands Security Company.

Book 4: 1917—1922
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Gage Canal Company.

Lots 1—3, 34—47, 54—55, and 64—70 are listed as owned by the Redlands Security Company. Lot number 66 has a $275 improvement listed in 1913, and Lot *35 has a $650 improvement first listed in 1920.

Book 23: 1923—1928
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Gage Canal Company.
4 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1398 of 1598 7c2Ok/I3I
Lots 1-3, 34—47, 54—55, and 64—70 ate listed as owned by the Redlands Security Company. Lot 335 has a $7550 improvement in 1923, lot t65 haS a $500 improvement, and lot 3t66 has a $900 improvement.

Book 48: 1 929-1934
Portions of Lots 3-8 (south of river) areowned by the Gage Canal Company. A total of $4500 in improvements are listed.

Lots 1—3, 34—47, 54—55, and 64—70 are listed as owned by the Redlands Security Company from 1929—1930.

Lots 1—3, 34-47, 54—55, and 6.4—70 are listed as owned by Charles S. Chapman from 1930—1933.

Lots 1—3: Transcounties Corp. briefly in 1933, and Sam L. Collins in from late 1933—1934.

Lots 34—35: Transcounties Corp. briefly in 1933, and Lester Semans from 1933—1934. Lot t35 has a $1550 improvement.

Lots 36—45: Transcounties Corp. briefly in 1933, and Alice Ellen Chapman from 1933—1934. Lot 36 has a $350 improvement.

Lots 46—50: Lester Semans from 1933—1934.

Lots 54—55: Transcounties Corp. briefly in 1933, and Lester Semans from 1933—1934.

Lots 64—65: Alice Ellen Chapman from 1933—1934. Lot t65 has a $500 improvement.

Lot 66: Lester M. Semans from 1933-1934. A $900 improvement is listed.

Lots 67—70: Alice Ellen Chapman from 1933—1934.

Book 70: 1935—1939
Portions of Lots 3-8 (south of river) are owned by the Gage Canal Company. A total of $3700 in improvements are listed.

Lots 1-3: Sam L. Collins owner.

Lots 34—35: Lester Semans owner. Lot 35 has improvements ranging form $1240—$1860.

Lots 36—45: Alice Ellen Chapman owner. Lot 436 has improvements ranging from $280—$420.

Lots 54—55: Lester M. Semans owner.

Lots 64—65: Alice Ellen Chapman owner. Lot 65 has improvements ranging from $400—$500.
5 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1399 of 1598 7I3c;/
Lot 66: Lester M. Semans owner. Improvements range from $720— $1080.

Lots 67—70: Alice Ellen Chapman owner.

Book 101: 1940—1945
Portions of Lots 3—8 (south of river) are owned by the Gage Canal Company.

Lots 1-3: Owner by Sam Collins from 1940—1943, and by C. S.

Chapman from 1943—1945.

Lots 34—35: Lester Semans owner. A $1860 improvement on Lot 435.

Lots 36—45: Alice Ellen Chapman owner.

Lots 46—50: Lester MI Semans owner.

Lots 54—55: Lester Semans owner. A $1000 improvement on Lot 35 in 1943.

Lots 64-65: Alice Ellen Chapman owner. A $600 improvement on Lot $65.

Lot 66: Lester Semans owner. A $1080 improvement in to 1941. A $160 improvement from 1941—1945.

Lots 67—70: Alice Ellen Chapman owner.

In review, the ownership of the Marigold property is actually relatively less complex than as is indicated by the official records. The first two major owners were the Riverside Trust Investment Company, and the Redlands SecL.rity Company (as controlled by Arthur Gregory). The property was subsequently owned (1933—1945) by a number of individuals, but was largely under the control of the Chapman family. Lester Semans and Sam Collins were friends of the family, and it is clear that the sale of portions of the property were largely a result of efforts on the part of the Chapman family to lessen the impacts of a depression period economy.

Matthew Gage: The Canal and the Riverside Trust Investment Matthew Gage was born in Coleraine, Ireland, on January 11, 1844, the son of James and Margaret Jane (Orr) Gage. Gage would become one of the most prominent businessman in the Riverside/San Bernardino district during the last two decades of the twentieth century. Educated in Kingston, Canada, Gage moved to Riverside in 1881. Following initial efforts to establish a citrus 6 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1400 of 1598 \Sbk
orchard with insufficient water, Gage purchased what would become known as the Victoria tract on March 1, 1886. He quickly drilled a number of artesian wells on this property. Earlier, in July of 1885, Gage had purchased a major share of the Hunt and Cooley ditch. Clearly, Gage had recognized the critical role that water would play in southern California, and he further sought to build a canal (the Gage Canal) to reclaim section 30 lying east of Riverside. Gage envisioned a much larger
irrigation project, but was unable to secure adequate financing.

As a result, he journeyed to England in 1889, ultimately forming the Riverside Trust Company on December 13, 1889.

For many years Gage served as the managing director of the Riverside Trust Company. He died on January 22, 1916.

The Gage Canal has recently been recognized as having
considerable historic significance. It has also been documented in accordance with Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) guidelines (a draft product is available from the City of Riverside Redevelopment Agency).

Arthur Gregory; Prominent Redlands Investor and Businessma and Initial op ietor of Marigold Farm
Arthur Gregory was a prominent Redlands businessman and investor. He contributed to many civic projects throughout his lifetime, and was for many years active in the citrus packing industry. In 1913, Gregory purchased what would become the Marigold property from the Riverside Trust and Investment Company.

Gregory was one the founders of the first Baptist church in Red]ands. Organized in 1887, Gregory would later serve as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Baptist Church.

In 1909, Gregory donated a bandshell to Redlands. Earlier, in 1907, he was appointed one of the original members of the Board of Trustees of the University of Redlands. He would serve as an active member from 1907 to 1948, and then as Emeritus from 1948— 1954. Gregory was also the original Chairman of the Building Committee for the University.

By 1910, Gregory owned a citrus packing business in Redlands, and was generally regarded as one of the leading citizens of the city.

In 1913, Gregory, in an apparent effort to expand his
business interests, purchased what is know known as the Marigold property. The first improvement on the property was made in 1913, and city directories first contain a listing for Marigold Farm in 1917.

Information relevant to Gregory during the period extending 7 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1401 of 1598 form 1914—1931, is contained in various Redlands city
directories.

Redlands City Directories
1 914—1 91 5
Arthur Gregory is listed as manager of the Mutual Orange Distributors. He is living at 716 Orange with wife Emma. 1915—1916
Distributors.

Arthur Gregory is listed as general manager of the Mutual Orange He is living at 716 Orange with wife Emma.
1917
Arthur Gregory is listed as the proprietor of “Marigold Farm.” Arthur
Dai
Gregory is listed as the proprietor of Marigold Farm
ry.
1919
Arthur Gregory is listed as the president of Redlands Orangedale Groves Inc. He is living with wife, Frances E., at 716 Orange.

Gregory is listed as the proprietor of Marigold Farm.
1921
John R. Bruckhart is listed as the foreman of Marigold Farm.

Gregory is listed as the proprietor of Marigold Dairy Ranch.

Ranch.

Albert Van Dienst is listed as the proprietor of Marigold Dairy 1923
Arthur Gregory (wife Frances) is listed as a rancher
1927
Man
Arthur
posa.

Gregory is listed as living on Dwight, one block north of There is a listing for Marigold Farm.

Redlands
at 7
Security Company (Arthur Gregory) real estate is listed 1/2 East State.
1929
Company.

Arthur Gregory is listed as manager of the Redlands Security He is living at 1601 Dwight.
1931
Association
Gregory is listed as president of the Redlands Orangedale Inc. , and as manager of the Redlands Security
Company.
8 36-007139 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1402 of 1598 State of Callfornla--The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
Prlmary# ~-:013~87
HRI# __________________________________ ___
PRIMARY RECORD Trlnomlal. ___________________________________ _ NRHP Status Code __ ~3.:::B ________________________ __ Review Code
Other Llstlngs ____________ =--__________________ _ Reviewer Date Page __ 1_of __ 2_ ·Resource Nameor# (Assigned by recorder) CRM TECH 963-9H P1.
·P2.

Other Identifier: Cole Ranch Residence
Location: Not for Publication V Unrestricted
and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Redlands, Calif.
·a. County San Bernardino
Date 1985
Tl£; R3W;~B.M.; (within the Rancho San Bernardino land grant) c. Address 26251 Redlands Boulevard City Lorna Linda Zip 92354 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large andlor linear resources) Zone---.lL; 478640 mEl 3767850 mN UTM Derivation: V USGS Quad GPS -- -- e. Other Locatlonal Data: (e.g .. parcel #. directions to resource. etc .. as appropriate) APN 0292-461-04; on the south side of Redlands Boulevard between Rhonda Street and Mountain View Avenue. ·P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design. materials, condition. alterations. size. setting. and boundaries) One of the better-known historic homes in Lorna Linda, this large, twostory, Free Classic Queen Anne-style residence features a wrap-around open veranda supported by classical columns, several wood-framed double-hung windows, and a high-pi tched hip roof with centered gables. The house retains a high level of architectural integrity.
·P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2-Single family property ·P4. Resources present:L Building _____ Structure _____ Object _____ Site----District V Element of District Other etc.

P5a. Drawing (Photograph required for buildings. P5b. Description of Photo: (view. date. accession #) structu Photo taken on June 19, 2003; view
to the southeast.
·PS. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:

V Historic Prehistoric Both
Construction Date: Ca. 1882-1886 (see
Items B6 and B12 for details)
·P7. Owner and Address:

Lorna Linda Redevelopment Agency
11138 Anderson Street
Lorna Linda, CA 92666
·PB. Recorded by: (Name. affiliation, and address)
Casey Tibbet

CRM TECH
4472 Orange Street
Riverside, CA 92501
·P9. Date Recorded: June 2003
·P10.Survey Type: Intensive-level,
CEQA-compliance survey
·P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources. or enter "none.") Bai " Tom" Tang, Michael Hogan, Mariam Dahdul, Casey Tibbet, and Daniel Ballester (2003): Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: university Village Project, City of Lorna Linda, San Bernardino county, California. On file, Archaeological Information Center, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands.
·Attachments: None _____ Location Map Continuation Sheet V Building. Structure. and Object Record _____ Archaeological Record District Record _____ Linear Resource Record Milling Station Record _____ Rock Art Record Artifact Record ____ Photograph Record Other (List) :. _____________ -'---__ DPR 523A (1195) ·Requlred Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1403 of 1598
State of Californla--The Resources Agency Primary #....;8=.c=::....>.£-'-==':....L..<'-"'..-4-______ _ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _____________ _

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page_2_of_2_ *NRHP Status Code_..=.3=B _________________ _ *Resource Name or# (Assigned by recorder) CRM TECH 963-9H 81 . Historic Name: ___ ,----__ ---,-__ --,-.,----____________________________ _

82. Common Name : Cole Ranch Residence

83. Original Use: Single-family residence

84. Present Use : Single-family residence
*85. Architectural Style: Free Classic Queen Anne
*86. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) This residence was constructed by early settler Hugh Henry Cole in 1882-1886 and occupied by the Cole family until at least 1960 . It is reportedly the largest grove house remaining in the City of Lorna Linda.
*87. Moved? V No Yes Unknown Date: Original Locatlon: ________ _ *88. Related Features: See Item P3a on p. 1.
89a. Architect: Unknown b. 8uilder:_-=U:..:.n:.:.k::.:n.:..:o:::..;w:.:..:n=-=-_____________ _ *810. Significance: Theme Rural residential development Area City of Lorna Linda Period of Slgnlflcance_-=C:..::a:::..;.:........:1:::..;8=-8=..2=----=.1..=8..=8-=6'---________ ,----____ _ Property Type Single-family residence Applicable Crlterla_-=:N:.-'c/..:.A=--___ _ (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Cole Ranch House is among the oldest surviving buildings in the City of Lorna Linda . Retaining excellent architectural integrity and historic character, it has been determined to be a primary contributor to the Mission Road Historic District as designated by the City of Lorna Linda, and was additionally found eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places through previous survey evaluation. It was constructed during the district ' s most tangible period of significance, namely the 1870s-1930s.
811 . Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) ________________________ _ *812. References: Hathaway, Roger G. (1998): Determination of Eligibility Report for the Mission School and the Cole Ranch Residence and a Cultural Resource Mitigation Plan for a proposed "Commercial project " Located at the Southwest Corner of Redlands Boulevard and California Street.
813. Remarks: __ --,-____________ _
*814. Evaluator:_.!:B:..::a~i=__'__" T~o~m~---=T-=a~n!..:g'____ ______ _ *Date of Evaluatlon:_..=J-=u~n:..:e:........:2=_0::...0=-=-3 _________ _ (This space reserved for official comments . )
DPR 523A (1195)
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*Requlred Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1404 of 1598
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ARCHITECTURAL/HISTORICAL BUILDING INVENTORY ------------------------------------------- bQ~aIIQ~LIQ~~IIEl~aIlQ~ (See Also Attached Map) 3~-o /3 ~"l7

1. 2 •.

3. 4. Present Use: Res.~ __ Com. Ind. ____ Other ____________________ _ Q~§~BIEIIQ~ (See Also Attached Photo)

5. Architectural Style: __ ~~::~_~~~~~~_~~~~_~~!~~~_~~~~~~~~~ __ _

6. Plan: Rect._~_Sq. ___ IIL" ___ "UII ___ "TII ___ Irreg. ___ Other ________ _ Other

11. Condi ti on: . E!< cell ent ___ Good_~_F ai r ___ Poor Deteriorated ____ _

12. Alterations: None ___ Major ___ Minor ___ Type9 __ ~~~~!~~~_~~_~~~~ __

13. Related Features: None ___ Type~~_~~~! ________________________ _ §1§~IEI~a~~5: CATEGORY 1 (3) 3 4 5 D

14. Main Theme of Resource: (Check mo~e than one if necessary) Architecture_._Settlement ___ Economic/Industrial ___ Religion __ _ Gov. ___ Arts/Leisure ___ Military ___ Education ___ Other __________ _

15. Construction Date: Estimated_J~2~ ___ Factual _______ _

16. Historic Use: Res._~_Com. Ind.

18. By_BQg§C_~2tb§~~~_Date __ 1QL§L§Z_
Organization_~§ib§~~~_~_~£t~nn~_
Address _____ ;~~Ql=e_b§_§lQCi§i§_

20. Other/Name _______________ _
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Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1405 of 1598
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Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1407 of 1598
State of Callfornia--The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

PRIMARY RECORD
Pri ma ry #-""'l,GL=o.l..L..\....o-!...JoL.u...'-----___ -----,'T" HRI# ______________ ~~
Trinomial ______________ _
NRHP Status Code_=3=B ________ _
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer ----------=D-a-:-te------
Page_1_of_2_ *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder}_-=-9....:;6...::;5_-....:;1:..::.H=---______ _ P1. Other Identifier: Mission School -~~~~~~~7--------------------------- *P2. Location: Not for Publication V Unrestricted *a. County San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS7.5'Quad Redlands, Calif. Date 1967, photorevised 1985 T1S; R3W; S.B. 8.M. within the Rancho San Bernardino Land Grant.

Elevation: Ca. 1140 feet above mean sea level
c. Address 10568 California Street City Lorna Linda Zlp_-=.9..=2c.::3c.::5:....:4=--______ _ d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone---..U.; 479160 mEl 3768900 mN UTM Derivation: V USGS Quad GPS -- -- e. Other Locatlonal Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, etc., as appropriate) This building is located on the west side of California Street, just south of Redlands Boulevard.
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The most buildings of the Spanish Eclectic-style Mission School are intact and retain a high degree of architectural integrity; the school's grounds are in a somewhat neglected state.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP15 Educational building *P4. ~ Building __ Structure __ Object __ Site District V Element of District P5b. Description of Photo: (view, date,
accession #) Photo taken on May
20, 2003; view to the west.
*P6. Date Constructed/Age of Sources:

V Historic Prehistoric Both -- -- 1936-1937 (see Items B6 and B12 for detail)
*P7. Owner and Address:

Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and
address)
Casey Tibbet, CRM TECH
4472 Orange Street
Riverside, CA 92501
: *P9. Date Recorded: July 2003
, *P10.Survey Type: Intensive-level
j CEQA-compliance survey
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Bai "Tom" Tang, Michael Hogan, Mariam Dahdul, Casey Tibbet, and Daniel Ballester (2003):

Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey: Orchard Park Project, City of Lorna Linda, San Bernardino county, California. On file, Archaeological Information Center, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands. *Attachments: None ___ Location Map ___ Continuation Sheet~ Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Resource Record Milling Station Record =====R=-OCk Art Record ___ Artifact Record ___ Photograph Record ___ Other (List}: __________ _ DPR 523A (1195) *Requlred Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1408 of 1598
State of California-The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ---------

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page_2_of_2_ *NRHP Status Code 3B --~~------------------------------------ *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder)_-=9'-'6:...:5:....---'1"'H:.:...-______________ _ B1 . Historic Name:

B2. Common Name-: ~M~i~s-S-1~·0--n~S~c~h-o-o~I~----------------------------------------------------- B3. Original Use : School B4. Present Use : Vacant --~~~~------------------- *85. Architectural Style:_ Spanish Eclectic-style __________________________________________ _ *86. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) The Mission School was built in 1936-1937 as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project, and was considered " state-of-the-art for the mid-1930s." It currently is "mothballed " by the school district, with only a small portion in use. *87. Moved? ~NO Yes Unknown Date: Original Locatlon: ________________ _ *88. Related Features: See Item P3a on p. 1.

B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown ~~~~~----------------------- *810. Significance: Theme N / A Area __ =N.:.../=A~ __ _=____::_____:__:___=_:_:___:_--____:--------- Period of Significance N/A Property Type N/A Applicable Crlterla_N:.!..!....:/A:.!...-___ _ (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope.

Also address integrity.) The Mission School previously has been determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, and thus readily meets CEQA ' s definition of a "historical resource. " Additionally, as successor to the original Mission School on the south side of Cottonwood ROw, it served the Old San Bernardino area for many decades and retains its integrity to relate to its 1930s origin. As such, it is considered a primary contributor to the significance of the Mission Road Historic District as designated by the City of Lorna Linda.

B11 . Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP4-Ancillary buildings *812. References: Roger G. Hathaway (1998): Determination of Eligibility Report for the Mission School and the Cole Ranch Residence and a Cultural Resource Mitigation Plan for a proposed "Commercial Project " Located at the Southwest Corner of Redlands Boulevard and California Street. On file, RBF Consulting, Irvine.

B13. Remarks: ____ ----: ____________________ _
*814. Evaluator: Bai" Tom" Tang
*Dat e 0 f E va I u at ion : __ ..::J-=u:..:lo..<y---=2:....:0:....:0:....:3"--________ _ (This s pa ce reserved for official comments . )
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8. Roof Shape: Gabled ___ Hip ___ Flat ___ Composite ___ Other _________ _

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12. Alterations: None ___ MajOr ___ Minor_ _Type~_~~:~~~:_~~~~~~~_~_

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14. Main Theme of Resource: (Chec k mo~e t h an one if necessary) Archi tecture_ _Settl ement ___ Ec:onomi c l IndLIstri al ___ F:el i g i on __ _ Gov. ___ Arts/ Leisure ___ Military ___ Education ___ Other __________ _

15. Construction Date: Estimated ________ Factual __ ~~~~ __

16. Historic Use: Res. ___ Com. Ind. Other/Name mission Sc hool

17. Hi stori c Associ ati on (s): None ___ Type_ _~:.'=-~~~~_~_O~~_~!~E~.!. __

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THIS FO,"", IS ON NCR (NO CARBON REQUIRe!») PAPER. PLEASE USE TYPEWRITER. SIGN ALL 3 COPIES; REMOVE AND RETAIN PINK COPY. TitANSMiT ORIGINAL AN!) TRIPLICATE TO: DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION, P. O. BOX 2:>90, SAC~AMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95811. DO NOT FOLD.

STATE OF CALIFORN IA-RESOURCES AGENCY

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

POINT OF HISTORICAL INTEREST
DO NO~ITE IN 'itiiS :BLOCK
Reg. No. ~tt/- "
Date __________ _
By
Coun~ San Bernardino Name San Bernardino Count Museum
Location
2024 Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, Ca. 92373 - Historical Significance:

Interstate 10 at California offramp
education
The San Bernardino County Museum is dedicated to service and w~~~ of all people through programs of research, exhibition, and preservation of the records and artifacts in the fields of Anthropology, Geology, Natural History, Art and History of this area of Southern California.

Objects, artifacts and specimens related to the fields of Science, Art and the Humanities are interpreted and exhibited for the general public. The Museum is open without charge each day in accordance with a posted schedule.

IS POINT OF HISTORICAL INTEREST IS NOT A STATE REGISTERED HISTORiCAL LANDMARK.

APPROVED:

Drs Signature-Chairman, Historical Landmarks Advisory Committee Date Date
24 I 1 5
DPR-147 ( 4-66 ) eiBl 5,-7 t58 4- 6 6 5M TRIP ® OSP
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1414 of 1598 i
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA-RESOURCES AGENCY
DEPARTMENT Of PARKS AND RECREATION

POINT OF HISTORICAL INTEREST

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BLOCK
Reg. No SB!"-OOl
Date \ ' h ,: 29 ' 1 0 60 :-u .. u~t . , _J .'
By :-:5--'::X'
.' .. :: :; ~.'iw. aernardino Name San Bernardino county Museum .' ~ . . .,' :: :::J~ Location , i88~O Orange Avenue, Bloomington. California 92316 ':" /"Iistori~al Significance: The "San Berl!ardino c0';1nty Museum is '7 Point of H~st:oric !n~ere~ ~._ 3.nd ~s ~h~pe.rmanent repos~tory for l.tern.c; of value l.naFcheolog~cal and hl.s- tor~cal :recordof the county, . w'hic·hcollections come from sites allover the f county whQr:;'t~eir CI.e'S ~ruct:::.on would probably be certain and thei:- display fOl tthe pub1:i,c irnpos!>-ihle. With slight chance of sUr"J"ival or educational use if ·: the:t .. ~~e ?ed at: their plac~s of 'origin, . they have been ga~hereil .in one. place ;_~.ihe!=,~·~ th~,: cal"l be protet;,ted . and made aval.lable to the publl.c for comparl.son, .L. study and ~joymen,t V-1'he . MUse\1Ul, through its collections, -capresents a com- &bimi.ti6t("Qf· many historic Isi't;.eSe Examples: Bemis covered wagon: T\."o . types of "\Jlago~:; ::' '-\l,s~din mo~nta~ ~ lumber ",industry:' loccmoti'l6, tender & caboose from ~ai } :ror..e . . indu:;ltry~ Ar;fastras & )x.her implements from mining history~ Baskets and : ,~ rilany o:t.he~ items l1lust~~Ing cultures of Indian tl:'ibes 7 Archeological arti- :: ·:: t~act5.· excavat ed fr<;Hn. .... Jfarious ~arts of <;!ounty, s';lch as Calico( Newber~ Cave, ·· ,~ J\;lru?;:t/Dune~, : Yuc ~l.1?a Rancher:l.a, etc. l.llustrat:lng the .. pre-hl.story of count.y. '. "" : .. :" . ' ,::TH.lS P91NT OF HISTqRICAL I~TEREST IS NOT A STATE REGISTERED HISTORICAL LANDMARK. :. ~," ,\ f""'" ~ ~~T'lt-l n~" nrr ,....,., ~ .. ~ I""o.,.,<::'h, ~ '''; 1iIl-,--=-o-·,h,.," T,~1~"'''' ~,.,,.. ",.,., . t
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0' Date .• JUN 30 1969 /-: Date r1u-d~ ~ CJ , 19 t 9 , ~ : :: DPR-1 47 (4.66 / .
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36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1415 of 1598 Museum
My dream or a museum really started in tne 1920’S. 1 was going fishing with my Uncle near Cnetopa, Kansas, and we stopped on a river gravel road on the bank of the Neosho River. AS I got out of my Uncle’s car, I noticed a small white rock among the reddish brown colored gravel. After I picked it up I discovered that it was a white flint arrowhead that some ancient Indian hunter had lost in the river when he had shot at some game. The river gravel including the white arrowhead had been scooped up by a construction crew and spread on the dirt roadbed.

My mother gave me some arrowheads she had found on her
father’s homestead in Western Kansas when she was a little girl and my father added some he had found on his father’s farm in Arkansas. I started a collection of Indian
artifacts.

My family soon thereafter moved to Redlands. While attending Redlands High School a classmate introduced me to the study of the archaeology of Southern California. 3y using my
family’s old model T Ford car, my friend and I discovered and explored many archaeological sites in Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. We assigned a number to each site which was also used for recording the artifacts recovered. The Yucaipa Archaeological Site was given number one, but we had no museum, only the dream 0± a museum. We had though soon accumulated a collection of artifacts worthy of being curated in a museum.

It was my good fortune to become acquainted with some of the people in the Redlands area that I thought of as being very old. Now with the passage of many years, I think of them as just young “senior citizens” like we are today. Those people I learned also had a desire to create a museum in San
Bernardino County.

Some of you may remember some of these senior citizens as the list included 0. J. Fisk, Rob Peters, Helen Meserve, A. B.

Drake who had married into the Smiley Family, Paul Moore, the father of William and Frank Moore who published the Redlands Daily Facts Newspaper for so many years, Horace Williamson, Emma Jackson, Jerome Cavanaugh, who was the District
Attorney, George W. Beattie and his wife Helen who wrote the history of San Bernardino Valley, Ritner Sayles, Wilson C.

Hanna who was a noted collector of birds’ eggs,
and many more.

Several of these people were members of the San Bernardino County Historical Society. They had been instrumental in 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1416 of 1598 7,
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Museum
page 2
persuadina the San Bernardino Board of Supervisors to
acquire the old Asistencia site on Barton Road near the Dr. Ben Barton House, and restore the ruins of the adobe buildings. Funding for this project came from S.E. R. A. and W.P.A. budgets with assistance from funds raised by the Historical Society. Horace Hinckley was the young engineer who supervised the restoration project. In this way San Bernardino County preserved its visible link with the
fascinating Spanish Mission period of California History.

In time I was elected curator for the San Bernardino County Historical Society and assisted in arranging displays in the cases at the Asistencia. We began to accept gifts of items that would be appropriate for a museum. We dreamed of that location developing into a complete museum, but this never happened because of lack of funds and public support.

While I was a student at the University of Redlands,
Professor Van Osdel started developing a museum in a vacant room on the second floor of the administration building.

I contributed to tbis project, but. soon Jorld War II erupted and demands for more classroom space at the University ended this project. Items collected were stored in the attic and I was with the Navy in the Central Pacific.

When I returned to San Bernardino Valley after the war, I was a counselor at San Bernardino Valley College but soon became Superintendent of Schools in Bloomington. This was the
location where I had first started teaching after graduating from the University of Redlands. This also was the location where Ritner Sayles and I had made a museum display in an empty classroom at the school in 1939. We named our display in the room The San Bernardino County Museum. Ritner Sayles had a small collection of Indian artifacts and I had added many items to my collection including many artifacts from an archaeological site I discovered on the old Crestmore Ranch in Bloomington. When the classroom space was required for students, we moved the museum display to Ritner Sayles’ old dairy barn as he had discontinued the dairy business. There it stayed until I returned from military service.

In 1948, I was elected president of the San Bernardino County Historical Society, and persuaded Herman Ruhnau, a local architect, to develop a plot plan for a Natural History type museum at the Asistencia site. This plan, in addition to the Asistencia buildings, included the Dr. Ben Barton brick house which had been constructed in the l860s, a portion of the zanja which had been constructed by the Spanish Mission authorities in the 1820s, the location of the Cram brother’s furniture factory of the 1850s, and of course new buildings to be constructed east of the Asistencia with appropriate parking space. Development of this plan was never realized 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1417 of 1598 Museum
page 3
because funds could never be obtained. Pleas to the City of Redlands, to the County Board of Supervisors, and to the citizens of San Bernardino County went unanswered. We did though still have our San Bernardino County Museum in Ritner Sayles’ old Dairy Barn in Bloomington, and we had a small museum at the Asistencia in Redlands, where the Historical Society met each month with programs open to the public. We also continued with field work in both Riverside county and San Bernardino County adding to our collection of artifacts for a museum. 0. 1. Fisk, Rob Peters, George Klapp, Lloyd Martin, Ritner Sayles, and others were associated with me with these activities. Walter Schuiling, a teacher at
Pacific High School came to one of the meetings, and I talked with him about the desire to establish a fine San Bernardino County Museum. We had two groups interested. One was the San Bernardino County Historical Society, and the other was the San Bernardino Pioneer Society. The Pioneer Society had the Pioneer Log Cabin in Pioneer Park in San Bernardino as their meeting place and museum, and our Historical Society had the Asistencia in Redlands as our meeting place and museum. Neither group was willing to conbine into one group, and yet neither group was able to make much progress toward a complete San Bernardino County Museum. I asked Walter to give any suggestions which would help in reaching our goal of a fine complete natural history type museum. Walter sent me a two page letter on March 2, 1952, with suggestion that we form a museum organization.

In 1952. I was still President of the San Bernardino County Historical Society, and George A. Klapp was one of the
leaders in the San Bernardino Pioneer Society,and we arranged a meeting for Tuesday, May 13th in the auditorium of the new County Agriculture building in San Bernardino. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the possibility of creating some new organization that could make the dream of a fine new County Museum a reality. All interested citizens were urged to attend.

Representatives from the Pioneer Society, Native Daughters, Native Sons, Art Associations, Historical Societies, San Bernardino Valley College, and various school districts were present and participated in the discussion. George A. Klapp passed a hat around to obtain funds for current expenses and the sum of S9.93 was collected. 0. 1. Fisk, representing the San Bernardino Pioneer Society and I, representing the San Bernardino County Historical Society, each pledged S50.OO from our organizations to help create a San Bernardino County Museum Association. L. Burr Belden made the motion to form the Association and the vote was unanimous. The Chairman Pro-Tern, by vote, was instructed to appoint a nominating committee which had the responsibility to meet immediately and report on nominations for a president, seven vice—
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1418 of 1598 Museum
page 4
presidents, and a secretary/treasurer. I, as Chairman,
appointed a committee which met immediately and Helen Luce, the San Bernardino County Librarian, read the committee’s nominations and the following were elected:

President: Gerald A. Smith -Representing the San Bernardino County Historical Society.

First V.P.: O.J. Fisk -- Representing the Pioneer Society.

Second V.P. :Mrs.Mildred Myer -Representing Native Daughters.

Third V.P. :Mrs Dorothy Bright-Representing Art Association.

Fourth V.P. :Paul Allen Representing Valley College.

Fifth V.0. : Elmer Hoien Representing Native Sons.

Sixth V.P. : George Klapp --—- Pioneer Historical Society.

Seventh V.P. :L. Burr Belden-Calif. Conf. of Historical Socs.

Secty/Treas. :Helen Luce — Representing San Bernardino County.

The President was instructed to appoint a committee to draft a constitution and set of By-Laws for the Organization. The committee I appointed consisted of Judge Archie D. Mitchell, Chairman, George Klapp, Lloyd Martin, Walter Schuiling, and Judge Martin Coughlin. The committee. did i.ts work well and the constitution and By-Laws developed were adopted and served the San Bernardino County Museum Association for more than thirty years until the Association was taken over by the County.

After the San Bernardino County Museum Association was formed meetings were conducted in various cities to try and find a suitable facility for a museum. No city was really very interested. After all, the organization only had $100.00 and that would not be enough to build a museum. One other factor became apparent. The Board of Directors consisted of twenty one members, representing seven different communities, resulted in seven different opinions about where the museum should be located. Some of us were more concerned with the need to have a county museum, and the location was not really the most important issue. We really were not making much progress toward raising funds for a museum, so I tried
another approach.

I was superintendent of schools in Bloomington. Our
enrollment was increasing rapidly. Our elementary classes were on double session. There were no church facilities to rent for classrooms nor any commercial buildings, and we were desperate for educational space. A group of fathers of some of the students had been meeting with me on a regular basis to try and help solve our space problem and to also assist with other aspects of our educational program. At one of the meetings, I made the suggestion that we organize the group as Bloomington Dads Club with CalIfornia non—profIt Corporation status for the purpose of creating classrooms and other space needed for our children’s’ education. Written into the
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1419 of 1598 Museum
page 5
constitution and by-laws of the Bloomington Dads Club was the provision that upon the dissolvent of the organization, all assets would accrue to the San Bernardino County Museum Association which was another non-profit organization. By this time the Association had worked with attorney Thomas H.

Eckhardt of San Bernardino and the necessary documents were approved by The Secretary of State of California and The United States Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service.

The Dads Club had also received the approval of the state and federal agencies.

We still had no money! So some of us became beggars. e
approached our friends for donations to help, and raised $1000.00. With this money we purchased a lot across the street from one of our Bloomington schools. We also located an old building that we purchased for $40.00, and moved this building onto our vacant lot. All the Dads brought their tools and we made this building usable for school purposes and rented it to the school district. We also learned that an adjoining school district was going to sell, by auction, four or five bungalow type buildings that they had been using for classrooms. I took P.D. Cloud, the President of our Bloomington School District, with me to the auction. He had a few dollars and I had an idea. With his money we bid on two of the buildings and bought them for $150.00 each. The Bloomington Dads Club had no money, and the San Bernardino County Museum Association had no money so it seemed
appropriate to have a visit with our local banker. Because the Bloomington Dads Club was an organization with some property, remember the lot and the $40.00 building, the friendly banker loaned the Dads Club $4000.00, and I borrowed my Mother’s savings of $1500.00. With this money, the Dads and volunteers made the buildings into suitable classrooms which then were rented to the school district. The program was a huge success! Then we learned that the corner lot next to our property was going to be sold. So we went back to our friendly banker and borrowed $8000. and bought the property.

This corner lot had an old house on it which we converted into kindergarten classrooms and rented these to the school district. Again, the project was a success, but the school district still needed more space!
I served as secretary to the Bloomington Dads Club and asked an architect friend, Hal Gogerty, to plan a building that would enlarge our space and connect the two old classrooms together. His plan provided an attractive building with twice the amount of space, but we had to go visit our
friendly banker again and borrow $16,000. At this time, my Board of Directors of the Dads Club became somewhat
apprehensive. At our meeting members expressed concern
because we were going deeper in debt each time we started a new building project. Fund raising activities, volunteer 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1420 of 1598 Museum
page 6
labor, and donated materials were not enough. We still had to borrow money from the bank and members became alarmed with the thought that as members of the Board of Directors each would be financially responsible if we could not pay the bank. I tried to cheer them on to greater efforts and calm their fears by telling them how successful they had been. “Remember first we were able to borrow only $4000. Now we can borrow $16,000. Surely this must indicate great success! Partly satisfied, we went back to our banker and borrowed $32,000.00, and continued to expand our facilities. At this time, the bank gave the Bloomington Dads Club a line of credit of $50,000. We continued to solicit donations, sell cook books, and even established a “buck a brick” program to raise funds.

The voters in the school district passed a school bond
election, and the State of California provided construction funds so soon we had five new schools and all the Bloomington Dads Club facilities were no longer required by the school district. At this time through cooperative action between the School Board, the Board ofDirectors of the San
Bernardino County Museum Association, and the officers of the Bloomington Dads Club, some of the space became available for The San Bernardino County Museum.

From its beginning in 1952, the San Bernardino County
Museum Association had as its primary goal the creation of a San Bernardino County Museum. This was not its only purpose. The by-laws stated that the object of the San
Bernardino County Museum Association shall be to foster research and education and to create and maintain collections of art, archaeology, ethnology, history, and science, to preserve the relics and records of pioneer days, and to further a better understanding of science and the arts. The San Bernardino County Museum Association was organized and operated exclusively for educational purposes. At the
dissolution of this Association all assets were to be given or inure to the County of San Bernardino.

The first Board of Directors of the Association consisted of twenty one members as follows:

From San Bernardino: L. Burr Belden Arda Haenszel
(6) Dean Painter Emily Knight
George A. Klapp Ruth Goodman
From Bloomington: Gerald A. Smith Hermann Obrikat
(4) Bobbette Sipe Ruth Harris
From Redlands:
(3) Ed. Fisher Paul Allen
Fred Gros
From Upland:
(1) Gilbert Krebill
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1421 of 1598 /
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From Colton:
(6) Jane MacLin Wilson C. Hanna
Eugene Shepard Paul Young,from
C.F.Schonberger (Co. Md. Supervs)
Ralph Binford (our friendly banker)
From Bryn Mawr:
(1) S. Wesley Break, Ch. Co. Bd. Supervisors
In 1953, as President, I presented a Report of Progress which was published as the first Quarterly of the San Bernardino County Museum Association. Accomplishments included displays in various schools, at the National Orange Show, the San Bernardino County Fair in Victorville, the Courthouse, and at the Asistencia. The Bloomington School District provided space for storage of the collections the Association
received. Because of the efforts of Bobbette Sipe and other teachers from the Bloomington School District excellent museum exhibits were prepared, and soon we had a Museum in operation.

The 1954-55 Board of Directors of the. San ernardino County Museum Association was as follows:

President Dr. Gerald A. Smith
First Vice Pres. -L. Burr Belden
Second Vice Pres. Hon. Archie D. Mitchell
Third Vice Pres. Curator Dr. Walter C. Schuiling
Secretary—Treasurer George A. Klapp
Members of the Board
Paul F. Allen Jane I. MacLin Ritner Sayles
Carl Cambridge Dorothy Bright S. Wesley Break
Raymond Stockwell John Oakey Woodrow Miller
Elizabeth Dimock Ralph Miller Arda Haenszel
E. Q. Sullivan Lloyd Martin Helen Luce
Robert Bolinger Emily Knight Dean Painter
Jerome Kavanaugh Paul Young
The San Bernardino County Museum was dedicated on July 14, 1957, with a ceremony performed by the Native Sons of the Golden West. We continued receiving numerous collections of items and artifacts for the museum. The most significant was the Wilson C. Manna collection of birds eggs which had first been given to the San Bernardino Valley College. The college had no space to exhibit the collection, and the cost of school construction to provide the necessary space was not approved. I requested that the collection be transferred to our museum in Bloomington and we would build space for the exhibit. My Brother-in Law, Harold Bailey, was a contractor and agreed to build for cost of the materials only. Mr.

Hanna retired from the California Portland Cement Company after serving for more than fifty years, and the Company made a gift of $30,000. which with other funds we had enabled us to have cases built and a building constructed to provide 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1422 of 1598 Museum
page 8
space for Mr. Hanna’s collection, and also for a mammal collection which we received from John Belcher of Upland.

We also received a fine collection of mounted bird specimens from Eugene and Bruce Cardiff. Bruce had been in my class and Eugene had been in my wife’s when we first started
teaching at the Bloomington School in 1937. I also was able to get Gail Stockton to donate the California Condor that he had displayed in his store in San Bernardino, to the Museum.

The Condor had been acquired by Dale Gentry of San Bernardino when lie had served on the State Fish and Game Commission.

Thousands of people began to visit our museum. Women from the Bloomington Women’s Club like Helen Loehr and Frances Rose contributed hundreds of volunteer hours to keep the Museum open to the public. Ruth Kirkby, Eugene Shepard, Joanne Dean Lloyd Martin, Pauline Jillson were all among the dedicated volunteers. Lois Headley joined our Museum group about this time, and with her husband, Richard, provided excellent service to the Museum. Up to this time members of the
Woman’s Club of Bloomington had been providing most of the service time to keep the Museum open to, the ublic. Lois was a most dedicated Museum volunteer and later an employee for many years.

We learned that the Sepulveda Adobe, the oldest building in San Bernardino County, was going to be demolished. We
decided to try and save this building. The Yucaipa Woman’s Club, under the leadership of Caddie Cook and Edith Scherer helped us raise funds and the San Bernardino County Museum Association purchased the property November 24,1957. It as later deeded to San Bernardino County. Now the County had not only the Asistencia which was the visible link with the mission period of California History, but the oldest
residential building in the county. The Sepulveda Adobe, was our visible link with the Romantic Mexican Rancho period of California History. We still did not have County Board of Supervisors’ action to operate a County Museum, nor did we have any county funds to help operate and maintain the
museum. Bob Anderson and Ralph Cumming were two men who gave much devoted service to the Museum Project. Without their help it is doubtful if the Museum could have survived.

Walter Zimmerman was another man who was supportive and provided funds in excess of $8000. to help the Museum
Association continue to provide museum services.

On June 16,1959, the Board of Supervisors, by unanimous action, approved and adopted an Ordinance declaring the Board’s intention to establish and maintain a County Museum.

This ordinance did not obligate the Board to immediate
action, but indicated that the Board of Supervisors was conscious of the need and desirability of establishing a museum at some future date.
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1423 of 1598 Museum
page 9
I had served as president of the San Bernardino County Museum Association now for five years and had been elected to serve as Museum Director of our museum in Bloomington. Visitors came by the thousands to see the exhibits we had created in the Bloomington Dads Club facilities which had been used by the school district. All work involved had been accomplished by the many volunteers assisting the Association. We were successful, but realized that we needed county financial support as a partner so the museum could continue serving and expanding to meet the increasing demands of the public.

In October of 1959, the Board of Supervisors discussed the possible appointment of a Museum Commission to undertake a study of museum organization and facilities, and to make recommendations for further action. On February 1, 1960 (and at a subsequent meeting) the Board appointed the
following county citizens to the San Bernardino County
Museum Commission:

Alvah G. Fessenden, Lake Arrowhead
FloydG. Yoder, Barstow
Canton R. Appleby, Cucamonga
Ralph H. Miller, Upland
Howard Hayes, Redlands
Mrs Frank N. Fox, Yucaipa
Wilson C. Hanna, Colton
Gerald A. Smith, Bloomington
William R. Coleman, San Bernardino
Walter C. Scliuiling,San Bernardino
I was directed to call the initial meeting of the group.

The primary function of this commission was one of fact finding for subsequent recommendations to the Board of
Supervisors. The office of Administrative Services, with Robert Covington as the County Administrator, told the
commission that there would be no tax monies available, and any recommendations should be made with this in mind.

At the first meeting of the Commission, I was elected
chairman and Carl Appleby was elected secretary. Each member of the commission was assigned a specific responsibility. Mr Yoder was to meet with county counsel and obtain information in regard to ways in which the county could form or create a county museum. Mr Hayes agreed to make an inventory of the museums, historical shrines, or landmarks which the county maintained and operated, such as the Asistencia and Sepulveda Adobe. He also was to report on county owned property that could be made available for a county museum. Mr Fessenden agreed to compile information regarding the types of services which a county museum should provide to the public. Roger Hughbanks, who was part of our group until Dr. Coleman was appointed, agreed to secure information pertaining to the 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1424 of 1598 / /1
/1
Museum
page 10
actions of other counties in the state in regard to museums and historical sites. Mr. Appleby agreed to contact the state and secure information pertaining to the state operated museums and historical landmarks. Mr. Hanna agreed to make a list of city operated museums, obtaining information in regard to their organization, financial structure, and
operation. Dr. Schuiling agreed to contact the County
Superintendent of schools to determine the possibility of all school districts within the county through some type of joint action financing and supporting a county museum. Mr. Miller agreed to compile a list of the displays that the museum should provide. Mrs. Fox agreed to report on the historical sites, shrines, buildings, parks and nature centers in the county that should be considered for preservation as part of the County Museum Department responsibility.

The Commission worked quickly and on September 1,1960, I presented the Commission’s report and recommendations to the County Board of Supervisors. The San Bernardino County
Administrator Officer, Robert. Covington, and his staff were helpful, and on December 15,1960, the..Boardof Supervisors unanimously approved his recommendatIons for the staffing of the museum. The staff included a director without salary, a secretary, and a custodian—maintenance man. All other museum positions were to be volunteers. The list included the
following:

Director Gerald A. Smith
Secretary Mary Polhegyi
Curator Archaeology Ritner Sayles
Curator Geology Ruth Kirkby
Curator Birds-Mammals Eugene Cardiff
Historian Paul Allen
Artlst-Preparator Bobbette Sipe
Photographer Marguerite Brown
Geologist Darwin Zimmerman
Field Chairman Eugene Shepard
Register Shirley Hill
Ornithologist Wilson C. Hanna
Historical Landmarks Arda 11. Haenszel
Emily Knight
S. Wesley Break
Paul Young
On January 9, 1961, the Board of Supervisors by resolution created the office of Museum Director for the County of San Bernardino. I was named the Director and my salary was determined to be the sum of $1.00 a year, but after a
conference with County Counsel it was learned that the county really did not have to pay the salary, so I lost my annual salary of $1.00 per year before I ever received it.

With the small staff and volunteer help, I kept the museum 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1425 of 1598 Museum
page 11
open every day of the year except for Thanksgiving and
Christmas. There was no admission charge. No one was
excluded from helping to create the San Bernardino County Museum. No one was excluded from admission to the museum facilities and programs. Large and small contributions came from many hundreds of people. They gave, not to create
another County Government Bureaucracy, but because they believed in the yalue of a museum. The desire was to place emphasis on telling the San Bernardino County Story of its diverse geology, natural history, prehistory, and history.

Knowledge about the place where one lives, helps develop a feeling of belonging and having vested interest in the
community, county, state, and nation. This results in the diversity of the population becoming more quickly unified in a common desire to be responsible citizens and make our place a better place in which to live. We had first asked the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors to take over the museum in 1958, but the Board did not formally established the San Bernardino County Museum at Bloomington until August 27, 1963.

For ten years, I served as Director of the Sarr-Bernardino County Museum without salary. I also served as the Executive Director of the San Bernardino County_-Museum
Association without salary. During this period, in addition to the museum operation which served more than 100,000, people each year without admission fees, we operated the two historic branch museum facilities, the Asistencia in Redlands and the Sepulveda Adobe in Yucaipa. We later also acquired and operated the following branch museums in the county:

In 1964, the Calico Early Man Archaeological Site.

In 1968, the gift of the Agua Mansa Pioneer Memorial Park In 1970, the gift of the Mousley Museum of Natural History.

In 1971, the gift of the Yorba Slaughter Adobe in Chino.

In 1971, the historic John Rains House in Cucamonga.

The county had increased the annual museum budget from the start of less than $10,000., and the Museum Association with both f±nancial and volunteer help provided great assistance.

The Association provided the funding for the publication program which included Newsletters, Quarterly, and Books about the history, natural history, archaeology, and history of San Bernardino County. The Association also received numerous gifts of art±facts, items, land,etc. for use in accordance with ±ts stated object as listed in the By-Laws approved by the State of California. We organized chapters of the Museum Association throughout the county to provide local branch museums. Some of the more successful chapters lIke the Victor Valley Museum Association, the Mojave River Museum Association In Barstow, the Rancho Cucamonga Group,the Upland Museum Group, the Rialto Group, the Lucerne Valley Group, etc. all became in time separate from and independent 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1426 of 1598 Museum
page 12
from, the San Bernardino County Museum Association which continued providing its major support to the San Bernardino County Museum.

The San Bernardino County Museum in Bloomington continued to grow and expand with thousands of visitors coming from all over the world to see the exhIbits, do research work, and enjoy the programs. International recognition was achieved because of the Wilson C. Hanna ornithological exhibit in the building we constructed to display his collection, and
because of our work in the field of archaeology.

Ritner J. Sayles, the man who permitted his old dairy barn to be used for the first museum building, and I, discovered the Calico Early Man Archaeological Site near Yermo while on a search for old Indian campsites. By chance we met Joel
Hauser and his boys in the Calico Mountains. Joel showed us some of the rocks he had collected to take home to cut and polish. I recognized that some of these rocks were artifacts made by IndIans long ago, and asked him to direct us to the place where they had been collected. When we reached the location, it was evident that this was a vast quarry workshop of significance. RealizIng the value, of thesite and our limitations, I employed Ruth D. Simpson who was working at the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles.. Dee Simpson, I had known sInce I was president of the Archaeological Survey Association of Southern California. Dee had training in both geology and archaeology and wanted to move to a positIon where she could work n the fIeld instead of the desk job she had at the Southwest Museum. I was Superintendent of schools as well as Director of the Museum and needed some qualified person to do field work in archaeology. Together we
solicited the interest of the National Geographic Society and Dr. Louis Leakey. Dee took some of the specimens we had collected at CalIco and went to London to meet with Leakey, and I went to Washington D. C. to meet with the President of the NatIonal Geographic Society. The result was that the National Geographic Society funded the archaeological work at the Calico Early Man Site for many years. Dee Simpson’s salary was paid by the county. It was difficult to get the approval of the county for the employment of Dee because of her health problem, but we finally got a clearance from the Personnel Department. Later I added Robert Reynolds to our San Bernardino County Museum Staff. He was a student at the University of California at Riverside and had been collecting fossils from the Barstow Fossil Bed with another student who lived in Redlands. Now we had two professional staff members as part of our County Museum Budget. Before this time all had been volunteers. Stuart Peck in the field of archaeology and Ruth Kirkby in the field of geology had served as
volunteers, but Stuart died and Ruth started her own museum in Riverside County on property the she and her husband, Sam, 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1427 of 1598 Museum
page 13
owned.

The San Bernardino County Museum that first started in an empty classroom at the Bloomington School in 1939, and later exIsted n Ritner Sayles’ old cow barn, had become much
larger and much more demanding of my tIme. I begin to
receive a very small token salary from the county, but soon two major problems developed. At this time I was now the Superintendent of the Colton Joint Unified School District wIth student enrollment of more than 13,000, and more than one thousand employees. One of the Board members demanded that I retIre from the museum or retIre from the school position. This took about a year to resolve and during that time I recommended that Robert Reynolds serve as acting Director. Dee could not because of her field work at Calico.

The second problem was even more serious because our San Bernardino Count Museum Site in Bloomington was about to have an unwelcome neighbor!
The Southern Pacific Railroad, with its main north south line adjacent to the north of the museum, decided to buy all the land north and east of the1Tlüseumfor aclassified railroad yard. We realized that we could no longer expand at our current location and that the railroad classification yard would not be a desirable neighbor It was time to move!
The problem of course was how could this be done without a great amount of money. The Bloomington Dads Club had been dissolved, the Bloomington School District was now a part of Colton Joint Unifled School District, the San Bernardino County Museum AssocIation had no money, San Bernardino County Budget had no money for a museum. It was time for some very creative planning.

One day, when the President of the Southern Pacific Railroad was in Bloomington, I persuaded him and his staff to come with me on a visIt to our Museum. Naturally I took him to the large fIve thousand square foot building where we had the display of Mr. Hanna’s thousands of birds eggs. As lie looked at the collectIon of the fragile egg shells, some from birds now extinct, I asked him if his company would rather buy the Bloomington San Bernardino County Museum Site now so we could move to a new site Instead of buying an egg at a time as it might become damaged from hIs operation of the freight yard.

You can imagine how frightened he was of my threat! He
smiled as he looked at his lawyers and staff who were with him and said that he thought the county of San Bernardino should provide a better buIldIng for the museum than the present collection of buildings which started with a small forty dollar structure.

In 1971, I retired from the position of Superintendent of the 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1428 of 1598 Museum
page 14
Colton Joint Unified School District. The work load at he Museum had increased to the point that a full time Director was needed, especIally wIth the necessity of moving the Museum to another site. I believed that It was my
responsibility to help get the museum located to another site, and for the County to assume greater responsibility for the continued operation of the County Museum. There was a great reduction In salary for me to move from the school dIstrict positIon to a position in County Government. The San Bernardino County Museum, with me as the Director, was placed under the County Administrative Office and I reported to Robert Covington, County Administrator and Robert Rigney, his assistant. Later, when the County made a revision of organization, the Museum was placed under the General
ServIces Agency Administrator.

I recommended to Robert Covington and Robert Rigney, the county admInIstratIve offIcers, that we sell the present San Bernardino County Museum Site In Bloomington. I also told them of the funds the Museum Association would receive from the estate of 0. J. and Della Fisk. Mr. Fisk had been the First Vice President of the Association hen- we organize in 1952. The San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors agreed to sell the County Museum Site In BloomIngton, and the firm making the hIghest offer for the property was the Southern Pacific Railroad. I believe that was the only offer
received.

The County Board of SupervIsors requested the Museum
Commission to make a study and recommend a suitable site for a new County Museum Building. I served as secretary for the Commission and we evaluated more than thirty sites located in various places in San Bernardino County. Finally we agreed on three sItes to recommend to the County Board for Its final selection. The three locations were the National Orange show Grounds, Secombe Lake Park In San Bernardino where we had first met to form the San Bernardino County Museum
Association, and the third sIte was a portion of an orange grove along Interstate Freeway Ten at the California off—ramp in Redlands. The County Board of Supervisors selected the Redlands site because of three Important reasons. The orange tree sIte provided the best accessibilIty for all the
citIzens of the county because of the freeway, the site provided the best visibility because of its freeway location, and third and perhaps most Important to the Board, the sIte was offered as a gift to the county with some funds to help with the site development. The City of Redlands helped.

Earnest Larsen and his wife Dorothy owned the orange tree site. Dorothy was a teacher that I had employed while I was SuperIntendent of the Warm SprIngs School District, and the one I had left in charge of the school when I entered
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1429 of 1598 Museum
page 15
military service during World War II. They were very good friends and wanted to help. They also wanted to help their son-in-law who had bought the Edwards Mansion in Redlands to move to the orange tree locatIon and develop it into a restaurant. I believe the County Board of Supervisors
made the right selection. Now we had a museum site free of cost to the county, we also had wonderful collections of Items available for display in a museum that had been given by more than one thousand people free of cost to the County. and we had many volunteers ready to work for the County Museum at no cost to the County. We did not have a museum building, but we had a sIte and had provided the county with more than one million dollars toward a buIldIng. Funds from the sale of the Bloomington site, funds from the Fisk estate, and help from the Larsens and their son-in-law Don W1cott made this possible.

It was now necessary to select an architect. The County Board of Supervisors Invited three qualifled fIrms to submit competitIve plans for a museum buildIng. The Board selected VTN Architectural Firm because of their most interesting concept with the geodesic dome and high wall to tower over the orange trees and be visible from the freeway. The
towering landmark rises five stories above the orange trees that skirted busy Interstate Ten, which is elevated to pass over the city of Redlands. The structure’s unusual
dImensions quickly draw motorIsts’ attention while its bold graphics against a wall of stucco identify Its function.

Unlike the mausoleum edifices of other museums, the San Bernardino County Museum Is a collage of geometric forms——-— sphere, triangle, and square—— each neatly molded Into a sleek example of its young designer’s imagination. The
designer, Wi11ia D. Mitchell, Is a descendent of Jefferson Hunt, the Mormon Pioneer who led the Mormon Colonists Into San Bernardino Valley more than one hundred forty years ago.

Like his pioneer ancestor, Bill Mitchell also had a real challenge. To design a museum of approximately fifty
thousand square feet within a cost estimate of one million dollars was no easy task. The light level of the air
conditioned building had to remain low to protect the
extensive ornithological collections. The landscaping had to include a rare cacti garden, and a steam locomotive from the Southern Pacific Railroad wIth a caboose from the Santa Fe Railroad which had to be transported from the Bloomington location to the new site. The basic desire was to create a timeless pIece of architecture that people would notice and want to visit, not just a blocky warehouse filled with dead and lifeless antiques.

Through the work of Robert Rigney, a joint powers agreement was approved between the City of Redlands and the County of San Bernardino to expedite the permits and construction of 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1430 of 1598 Museum
page 16
the new County Museum Building. It is probably correct to say that the County Museum is where It Is and what it is because Don Beckord , the County Supervisor representing the Redlands area got two other County Supervisors to vote yes with hIm for the use of the funds the Association gave the county, plus some Federal Revenue Sharing Funds to meet the construction costs of the new County Museum. The total cost Including displays ended up costIng about three mIllion.

The new San Bernardino County Museum Building was completed and the time came for moving all the displays and collections to the new site. The county provided only limited funding for thIs operation, and the moving of the steam locomotive and caboose cost all that was available. The other Items, Including the thousands of fragile birds eggs, were all moved with volunteers. Many people helped with theIr cars and some provided trucks. There was not enough room in the new museum for all the items at the Bloomington site. Some items were stored in various people’s homes and many truck loads of items were hauled to the Association site in Cajon Pass and covered with plastic. The county had no storage space
available, except for the books of and records
which the Museum had receIved from the Recorder’s Office.

These were taken to a county building In Yucaipa. Moving a Museum is a very difficult task I One that I would not want to undertake again.

The old San Bernardino County Museum in Bloomington was closed to the public July 31, 1974. It had served the public well for seventeen years, and had reached a yearly attendance record of nearly 200,000 visitors.

At that time there were nIne paid County Museum employees.

Gerald A. Smith was the Director. Bobble Miller was the Secretary. Ruth D. Simpson was the Curator of Archaeology, but most of her time was involved with the Calico Early Man site in the Mojave Desert near Yermo. Robert Reynolds was Curator of Geology, and much of his time was devoted to field work. Eugene Cardiff was the Curator of Natural History and he gave much of his time to the Audubon Society and to the teaching of a class in the fIeld study of birds at the
UniversIty of California at Riverside. Anne Quinn was the new Museum Recorder. The Artist—Display TechnIcian was
Michael Cole. Bert Crandell was the Maintenance Mechanic, and Pete Jefferson was the Custodian. Volunteers and the members of the Board of Directors of the San Bernardino County Museum Association served in various positions.

Most valuable were Lois Headley, who was the Treasurer of the Association and Bobbi Sipe who was the Secretary of the Association and assisted with displays in the Museum.

There were also six Resident Caretakers at Satellite Historic Sites and Louis B. Mousley served as Curator—Director at the 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1431 of 1598 Museum
page 17
Mousley Museum of Natural History. His salary, which was paid by the Museum Association, was the same as paid to each Museum Curator. The Residents at the Historical sites were each paid $65.00 every month in addition to receiving living space and all utilities. The list of sites included the:

Asistencia Carl Herman
Sepulveda Adobe Ralph Cumming
Agua Mansa Pioneer Memorial Park ———— Pauline Saunders
Yorba-Slaughter Adobe Orlie Scranton
John Rains House Cucamonga C. Gale Reeves
Daggett Old Stone Hotel Frank Strickler
There were also several presidents of Association Chapters at various locations in the county. This list included:

Lucerne Valley Janice Horst
Needles Maggie McShan
Rancho Cucamonga L. Gorczyca
Rim of the World R. Robinson
Redlands Historical Society Roger Baty
Mojave River Valley Gordon Strider
We moved into the new County Museum uilding and worked on the exhibIts while allowing vIsItors to: vfew the progress in April 1974. The first large community group to use the
buildIng was the Yucapa Women’s Club. Later a great many service clubs, and other county and community groups used the Museum facilities for special meetings and programs. Friday night, November 21,1975, the San Bernardino County Museum Association enjoyed a Dedication Dinner in the George A.

Klapp Hall of History. The following day, November 22, 1975, the formal DedIcation and grand opening for the public took place with more than 5000 people in attendance. Festivities included the Fort Mojave IndIan Tribal Band, Bird Singers from various Southern California Indian Reservations, and even Martha Chacon from the San Manuel Indian Reservation in San Bernardino Valley came to prepare IndIan foods In the Museum kitchen for the public to enjoy. Various people in Mormon Pioneer attire demonstrated weaving, spinning, and pottery making. Artists were at their easels working in many locations and men dressed as the historic Rocky Mountain Fur Trappers roamed the museum building and grounds.

Donald W. Jordan, Chairman of the San Bernardino County Redlands Public Facilities Authority served as Master of Ceremonies.

The new San Bernardino County Museum was created by many people working together in peace and harmony over a long period of time toward.a common objective. No one was
excluded from helping to create the San Bernardino County Museum. Large and small contributions came from many
thousands of people. It was created by live people for all people regardless of race, creed, ethnic background, economic level, or physical ability. It was to be open free for all 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1432 of 1598 Museum
page 18
people just like public schools, public libraries, and public parks should be because our Nation was created on the concept that for our Democracy to succeed, there must exist an
enlightened group of citizens. Museums have as their primary purpose that of providing education.

Very few people have ever had the opportunity to create an outstanding multimillion dollar public Museum. I was
fortunate to be in the right place at the right time, with many friends to help, and so the San Bernardino County Museum was created.

During the twenty three years between 1952 and 1975, many people gave of theIr tIme, talent, and sometimes funds to make possible the Museum that was dedicated in 1975. Many had died along the way, and some of those had given much more than those of us serving at the time of Dedication of the new Museum Building. The following list includes the l9’5 staff of elected County Officials, Museum Staff Employees, Members of the Board of Directors of the Association, Members of the Museum Commission appointed by the Board of Supervisors, and others:

San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors:

Dennis I. Hansberger, Chairman ( Donald C. Beckord had served Redlands Area when decision made for new
Museum Building
James L. Mayfield, Desert Area ( William A. Betterly had served when decision made
for new Museum Building
Nancy I. Smith, San Bernardino Area
Daniel D. Mikesell OntarIo Area
Robert 0. Townsend Chino Area C Ruben S. Ayala had served when decision made for new
Museum Building )
San Bernardino County Administrators
Robert A. Covington County Administrative Officer
Robert B. Rigney Assistant CAO and later CAO
Howard Littlefield General Services Agency Administrator San Bernardino County Museum Commission
William J. Mann,Chairman(Desert)Eleanor K. Abbott Big Bear Paul F. Allen Redlands Donald C. Beckord Redlands
Wilson C. Hanna Colton Gerald F. Litel Chino
Beatrice S. Riggs Ontario Robert C. Robinson S.B. Mts.

Dr. Donald H. Rose San Bdno. Isabel C. Whitney Upland
Dr. Gerald A. Smith, Secretary to the CommIssion
San Bernardino County Museum Association Board of Directors Ruth 0. Harris, President Dr. Pauline A. Andrews
Dr. Joseph F. Hearn, 1st VP William F. Gifford, Jr.

Lynn A. Choate, 2nd VP Eugene A. CardIff
Bernard W. Muffley 3rd VP Betty H. Greska
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1433 of 1598 Museum
page 19
Bobbi J. Sipe, Secretary Arda K. Haenszel
Lois L. Headley Treasurer Emily H. Knight
Robert L. Leatlierman Julian P. Lopez
Arthur H. Miller Bernard S. Rest
Dr. Walter C. Schuiling Nelle R. Sherrod
Robert C. Robinson Ruth D. Simpson
Roland H. Wissler ( Executive Director, Dr. G. Smith
Directors Emeritus, L. Burr. Belden and Ritner I. Sayles San Bernardino County Museum Staff
Custodian, Pete Jefferson Maintenance, Bert Crandell
Artist, Michael Cole Registrar, Ann Quinn
Curator Archaeology, Ruth D. Simpson
Curator Geology, Robert Reynolds
Curator Natural History, Eugene Cardiff
Secretary, Bobbie S. Miller Director, Dr. G. Smith
San Bernardino County Museum Resident Caretakers
Mousley Museum of Natural History ——-———- Louis B. Mousley Agua Mansa Pioneer Memorial Park Pauline Saunders
Later ) Gerald Beardslee
Asistencia Redlands Carl Herman
Sepulveda Adobe Yucaipa Ralph Cumming
Yorba Slaughter Adobe Chino Orle Scranton
Casa de Rancho Cucamonga Rains House ——— C. Gale Reeves San Bernardino County Museum Volunteer Positions
Wilson C. Hanna, OrnithologIst
Steven Cardiff, Jr. Asst. Ornithologist
Robert Sanders, Curator Herpetology
Burneal McGowan, Curator of Dolls
Robert Leatherman, Nature Photographer
WInifred Stewart, Preparator
Terry Suss, Intern Curator of History
Group Representatives
Friends of Agua Mansa Marie Wood
Gates Cactus and Succulent Society —— Col. J. W. Dennison Inland Empire Herpetology Society ---- Robert Sanders
San Bernardino Valley Audubon Society Don Reed
Chapter Presidents of San Bernardino County Museum Assn.

Ada Cooper, Casa de Rancho Cucamonga Historical Society Roger Baty, Redlands Area Historical Society
Robert Robinson, Rim of the World Historical Society
Joseph Elincky, Lucerne Valley Chapter
Maggie McShan, Needles Chapter
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1434 of 1598 Museum
paae 20
After we moved into the new museum buiidinq. each Museum Staff member continued to recruit volunteers to assist with their particular area of responsibility. This was true even for clerical work, custodial work, maintenance work, but especially evident in each oi the Curatorial sections of the Museum.

Ruth “Dee” Simpson, Curator of Archaeology, recruited the greatest number of volunteers to help. Probably because of public interest in the excavation of the Calico Early Man Site in the Nojave Desert, which was originally funded by the National Geographic Society and endorsed by Dr. Louis Leakey.

Many of these volunteers were members of the Archaeological Survey Association of Southern California. During the year I was president of this organization I persuaded the members to become affiliated with our San Bernardino County Museum.

Robert Reynolds, Curator of Paleontology and Geology, had a cadre of volunteers to assist with field work and lab work at the Museum.

Eugene Cardiff, CuratOr of Natural History, recruited many volunteers to assist him in the field of Ornithology. He taught a class of Field Study of Birds at the University of California, Riverside, and served on the Board of Directors of the San Bernardino Valley Audubon Society from which e recruited many volunteers.

Ann Quinn, Curator of Educational Services, had a great many volunteers to serve as docents and teachers at the Museum and with the outreach program to many of the schools in the area.

Many of these volunteers were retired school teachers.

The volunteers developed intense loyalty to the individual Curator they worked with, and sometimes competition for thier services resulted in conflicts between curators. This was most evident between the Curator of Education and other Curators. The Curator of Education would solicit volunteers from the other Curators to serve as Docents or give talk to hundreds of classes that came to visit the Museum. Curators in the other sections resented seeing their volunteers give of their time to help the Curator of Education. As Director of the Museum, I approved the emphasis on education because I believed the primary purpose of a museum was to provide Education.
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1435 of 1598 •
A
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1436 of 1598 0 ()
.2cl)
—
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1437 of 1598 \
GEORGE C. KIAPP
HALL Of HISTORY
I
—
What do we see as we glance over the Hall?
American Indians, Spanish priests, Mexican
rancheros, pioneer farmers, lumbermen, and
miners.
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1438 of 1598 The exhibits tell the story of “Pioneers in
San Bernardino County.” Actually, the very first
pioneers were the Indians. These hardy hunters
discovered this continent perhaps 50,000 to
100,000 years ago. In the far part of the hall you
will find a map showing the Bering Strait landbridge over which early Indians crossed to North America from Asia.

As they traveled from one area to another,
the Indians left stone tools and other debris
which archaeologists continue to discover. Over
3,000 years ago, Indians made models of game
animals by twining split willow twigs. The small
split twig figurines were ritually killed withminiature spears to guarantee success in hunting and were later carefully placed in caves, suchas Newberry Cave, as part of a hunting ceremony.

The numerous examples of petroglyphs and
pictographs found in southern California prob
ably attest to other ceremonial activities of theIndians. Some of the petroglyphs (carvings instone) and pictographs (paintings on stone) Dr. Louis SB. Leakey Newberry Cave
Split twig figurine
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1439 of 1598 The Indians living in the mountains, valleys, and deserts of San Bernardino County were skilled craftsmen. They built homes, and made weapons, tools, clothing, pottery, and fine baskets.

From selected clay, pottery vessels were made for cooking and for storing water and food items.

Plants provided the most important food items for the Indians. The oak trees produced the acorn, the mesquite tree produced mesquite beans, and from the scrub pine came the pine Southern California Indians are especially known for the exquisite baskets which they made and used for many purposes. The baskets made of plant fibers were created both for utilitarian reasons and as works of art. From plant fibers the Indians made sandals and aprons to wear, string, nets for catching fish, birds, and mammals; and large containers for storing seeds. Seeds were a very important food source.

Petroglyph
may relate to hunting or gathering of food and some may pertain to the important time when a boy becomes a man and a girl becomes a woman as they took on the responsibilities of memberships in their societies.

Baskets and Pottery
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1440 of 1598 nuts. Food from plants was supplemented with
meat from rabbits, deer, sheep, and other game
that could be hunted.

By the time the Spanish explorers arrived in
southern California there were many different
Indian groups well established in various
territories with ownership of the land
recognized.

The Mojave Indians farmed the land along
the Colorado River near Needles. Both men
and women planted the crops, cared for the
fields, and harvested pumpkins, melons, beans,
and corn.

PnjjTE
c4rr
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1441 of 1598 Mojave men owned their land which they
could purchase and sell. The rich farm land was
limited and boundaries were aggressively
defended. Shell money and other items of ex
change were used to purchase goods and prop
erty.

The Mojave Indians were noted for traveling
throughout southern California, not only to
trade, but also to learn about other people and
places.

Marriage, among the Mojave, was a “living
together,” and man and wife separated if they
could not get along with each other. In taking
care of those who were sick, the Mojaves reliedon many different medicines, and also super natural power. The doctor, “shaman,” used
singing, “laying on of hands,” blowing, and even
conversation to make the patient well. Life for
the shaman was not without danger. If too many
of his patients died, his fellow tribesmen would
execute him for malpractice.

II
•0
(j
(_ c
0 4
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1442 of 1598 The Serrano The Chemehuevi
The Serrano were the Takhtam of the San
Bernardino Mountains who communally ownedthe streams and land they used for hunting andgathering. The Serrano word Takhtam means“the people,” but they were named Senano, or “mountaineer,” by the Spanish.

These gentle Indians made terra cotta pot
tery vessels which provided storage for seeds
and water. A great many petroglyphs and picto
graphs are found in the area where the Serranolived. The Serrano made baskets so finely woven they could serve as canteens.

The Chemehuevi Indians occupied the
largest land area in San Bernardino County as
they roamed the vast Mojave Desert. This area
was not as desirable as the mountains and
valleys which provided crops of acorns and pine
nuts for food. The harsh desert with sparse
vegetation and little water, presented a
challenge for human survival.

The Chemehuevi, from long desert living
experience, traveled over the desert from spring
to spring gathering plant and animal resourcesto sustain life. The desert tortoise, chuckwalla, grasshoppers, cactus blossoms, and in fact,everything edible was utilized as food. Theyhave been described as the fleetest on foot ofany Indians in the Southwest.

Chemehuevi Basket
w
a.
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1443 of 1598 The ?anamint
The Panamint life style was much like the
Chemehuevi. Both groups made excellent
baskets and moved throughout their territories
seasonally to harvest tender plant leaves in the
spring, flower petals, and fruit in late spring, and
the various seeds from the plants in the fall.

Many ceremonies were performed to insure suc
cesses in communal rabbit drives, antelope
“round ups” or mountain sheep hunts.

The Cahuilla Indians were induced to move
into San Bernardino Valley in the 1800’s to pro
vide protection for the Lugo cattle and horses.They previously lived in the lower desert and the San Jacinto Mountains. Those in the lower
desert were the first people in California known
to have dug wells to provide a permanent watersupply. The life style and material culture of these Indians differed little from that of the
Serrano.

The Cahuilla
pr
A communal rabbit drive An Indian well
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1444 of 1598 Talking, singing, dancing, and telling stories
were a part of daily life for all the Indians. The
coming of age and death were important events
and ceremonies highlighted each occasion.

Like us, the Indians enjoyed playing games.

Babies explored their world, chewed on tubers
when teething, and played v.4th other children.

Swimming in rivers, springs, and streams was
a
favorite sport of young and old. Guessing gamesand competitive displays of skills, along with some team sports were common.

In the 1770’s, many southern California In
dians were visited by Father Francisco Garcés.

He traveled from Sonora, Mexico and crossed
the Gila and Colorado Rivers. Later, Father
Garcés joined Juan Bautista de Anza in bringing
a colony to southern California. With an In
dian guide to lead him, Father Garcés traveled
on foot up the Colorado River to Needles and
crossed the Mojave Desert, San Bernardino
Mountains, and the Valley en route to San
Gabriel Mission.

Father Garcés kept
a diary with vivid
descriptions of the many Indian groups he en
countered. He, of all the explorers, really cared
about the Indians and they in turn treated him
with respect.

Gradually the Spanish settled the California
coast and developed the missions. Before long
the Catholic Church wanted mission outposts to
serve Indians living in the inland mountains and
deserts. Father Dumetz was hunting for such
a
site when he celebrated Mass in this valley onMay 20, 1810. On this date the Catholic Church honored St. Bernardino of Sienna and Father
Dumetz thought it was appropriate to name the
valley, San Bernardino.

In 1819, the San Gabriel Mission authorities
established the San Bernardino Asistencia de
San Gabriel Mission approximately one mile
from the present San Bernardino County
Museum.
t
I t -
L
I
San Bernardino Asistencia Jedediah Smith
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1445 of 1598 After Mexico won freedom from Spain in
1822, the Mexican government stopped the ex
pansion of the mission program. Part of the mis
sion lands were to be turned over to the Indians,
but as the mission system fell apart, large land
areas were granted to Mexican citizens.

During the period of change from rule by
Spain to rule by Mexico, Americans began tomake contact with California.

In 1826, Jedediah Strong Smith crossed the
Colorado River with the first beaver trapping ex
pedition. He and his party had great difficulty
crossing the deserts. Once, when trying to reach
water, the trappers wore out. Indians carried
water in the bladder of an antelope to the weary,
thirsty men helping them suMve in the heat.

Animals and trappers were happy to reach the
green valleys of the San Bernardino Mountains.

During the Mexican era great herds of cattle
dotted the hills and valleys. Beautiful horses
roamed the countryside. Large adobe homes
were built on vast “ranchos” and the people
identified themselves as “Californios.” Salted,
dried cattle hides and tallow rendered out of
beef fat were major trade items. Hides had such
great value they became known as “California
bank notes.”
In 1839, three brothers, José MarIa, Vicente,
and José del Carmen Lugo brought
a small
colony and four thousand head of cattle to the
.a1
I
—
San Bernardino Rancho
San Bernardino Valley. José Bermüdez and his
energetic wife came with the Lugo colony.

Maria was thirty years younger than her hus
band. She and José planted vineyards and fields
of produce in what is now San Timoteo Can
yon. Maria dug
a ditch to bring water for irriga
tion. She and her children carried their crops to
Los Angeles in two-wheeled carretas drawn by
Maria Armenta Berm(idez
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1446 of 1598 oxen. Before long, Marfa had caived
a road
from San Bernardino Valley to Los Angeles.

Not only southern California Indians, but In
dians all over the Southwest were becoming in
creasingly restless as non-Indian people settled
the lands and invaded Indian territories. At one
time Indians from Utah, with the help of lawless
whites, rounded up three thousand horses and
mules in what we know today as San Bernar
dino, Riverside, and Los Angeles counties. The
horses were easily traded in New Mexico.

On September 9, 1850 California became
a
state. By that time most of the Lugo colonists
had left and in 1851 the Lugo family sold the
San Bernardino Rancho to Mormon colonists.

Only five years after the Mormon people had
reached Utah, many chose to move to Califor
nia. The settlement in San Bernardino was the
first step in creating
a wagon route to the Pacific
coast to insure supplies for the Mormon people
in Utah.

Apostles Amasa M. Lyman and Charles C.

Rich headed the Mormon colony. The Los
Angeles STAR printed the following: “The Mor
mons are an industrious community, and will
develop the resources of this country to an ex
tent that will give it an importance second to no
county in the State. It is said that the Mormons
now located near Cajon Pass will raise enough
wheat to supply the whole southern portion of
California with flour. . . The mountains near
by are covered with pine sufficient to supply with
lumber all southern Californa for years .

We understand that
a flouring mill and several
sawmills will be erected there during the rainyseason.” The Mormons did supply lumber, flour, fruit,
and produce. They also provided protection
from Indian raids, but the first year was spent liv
ing in
a stockade 700 by 300 feet in size.

Black families came with the Mormons.

Grief Embers, affectionately called “Uncle
Grief’ acted as bugler for the Mormon Fort. His
wife, Harriet Embers, served as
a midwife for the
community.

Lyman and Rich had difficulty obtaining
funds for the purchase of the San Bernardino
Rancho. They sold parcels of the land to in
dividual families, built sawmills to provide lum
The Mormon “Fort Son Bernardino”
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1447 of 1598 ber for homes, and ran
a general merchandise
store for the people. In 1857, the Mormonfamilies were called back to Utah, but by that time they had set up schools,
a library system,
built the city of San Bernardino, elected
a
mayor, formed a county, and elected
a repre
sentative to the state legislature.

At the same time the Mormons were settling
San Bernardino the first stagecoach company
was being organized by Phineas Banning and
D.W. Alexander. Perhaps the most famousstagecoach line to operate in this area was theButterfield Stage Route which stopped at the Chino Ranch.

The route entered California from Yuma,
Arizona and followed almost the same route
traveled by Juan Bautista de Anza in 1774. The
stage station at Chind was at the Isaac Williams
Chino Rancho. The stage road passed by the
Yorba-Slaughter Adobe in Chino, which is now
restored and open to the public as
a County
Museum.

People have been mining in this area for
a
very long time. In the Prehistoric times the In
dians mined turquoise near Baker. During early
historic times gold was hydraulically mined in
Mormon Pioneers
On the Butterfield Stage Route
Yorba-Slaughter Adobe
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1448 of 1598 Lytle Creek Canyon. Today, rare earth minerals
near Mountain Pass are mined to make possible
television’s color picture reception.

On our way upstairs to the Hall of Ornithol
ogy, we can stop and enjoy the petrified wood
on display. One specimen has amethyst crystals
in the center. The wood is silicified, or replaced,
by quartz and other minerals.

Lepidodendron, black wood, is 300 million
years old. Most of the wood from Arizona lived
during the age of dinosaurs and is approximately 150 million years old. The silicified palm and Sequoia langsdorfi from California are only
15 million years old. They were living when
three-toed horses roamed the county.

The only known dinosaur tracks in Califor
nia are found in eastern San Bernardino
County, in the Aztec sandstone near Clark
Mountain. They were made by three-toed
dinosaurs approximately 150,000,000 years
ago.

In prehistoric times there were creatures
that laid eggs, ground their food with gizzard
stones, and left footprints in the mud and sand.Some had wings, and some later developed feathers. Items on disply are gizzard stones of
egg-lang dinosaurs from Utah, and replicas of
fossil dinosaur eggs found in the Gobi Desert in
the interior of China.

What makes
a bird? Only birds have
feathers. The feather probably evolved from the
reptile’s scale 155 million years ago. Vaned
feathers shape and protect the bird and provide
for flight. As insulation, the down feathers are so
effective that birds can live in extremely cold
climates, and also in extremely hot climates.

There are close to 9,000 species in the 173
families and 26 orders of birds. The Wilson C.

Hanna Collection of bird eggs on display is one
of the most complete in the
Prehistoric
world.

F1)ing Creatures
]
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1449 of 1598 WILSON C. HANNA
HALL Of ORNITHOLOGY
ic
One of the most striking examples of bird
‘ igration can be found in the story of the Arctic
erp, whose round trip from its Arctic breeding
Jrunds to its Antarctic wintering grounds
covers 20,000 or more miles annually.

There is
a tremendous variety of color, size,
and shape in bird eggs, as well as wide variationin the number of eggs in a clutch. Why are some
eggs speckled, such as the kilideer’s? Kilideers
lay their eggs on the ground, and because they
are speckled, the protective coloration makesthem more difficult for predators to find.

Why are some eggs white? Many eggs do
not need protective coloration. For instance the
woodpecker’s eggs are placed in the bottom of
a
deep hole which protects the eggs.

Our displays include eggs collected from
every continent, by many ornithologists and
naturalists, including President Theodore
Roosevelt. Many species of hummingbird eggs,
the smallest eggs in the world, are on display.Also exhibited are very rare eggs of extinct birds, such as the passenger pigeon, the Guadalupe
storm petrel, and the Carolina parakeet. All
species of the rare New Zealand kiwis are repre
sented.
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36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1450 of 1598 Different bird species are adapted to a great
variety of habitats. Temperature and rainfall arethe most important factors influenced by latitude and altitude. Displays of our county
birds are organized according to their choices of
habitat: open fields and grasslands, coastal sageand chaparral, riparian (streamside woodland), i
freshwater marsh, home and garden, mountains, the desert mountains, cliff and rocky areas, and desert birds.

Other birds and their habitats on display are
those living in spruce forests, on the Arctic tun
dra, along the Bering Sea, open sea and off
shore islands, Colorado River and Salton Sea,California coastal beaches and marshes, northern California, and neighboring Arizonaand Mexico. 36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1451 of 1598

FISK AUDITORIUM
Constantly changing art exhibits line the -
--— us of the
o auditoriums in the geodesic
- qme. Art works exhibited include oils, water- •
djors, graphics, fibers, mixed-medias, and
•Jclptures.

Historic mining operations of metallic and
non-metallic ores, minerals, and rocks were
developed during Spanish, Mexican, and
American periods; and mining continues today
as an important part of our economy.

A large
portion of the county is desert, which is rich in
varied mineral resources.

San Bernardino County contains about
one-fifth of the known copper locations in Cali
fornia. As yet, very little has been mined. Gold isthe most widely distributed metal of commercial value. One of the earliest gold mines was the
Rose Mine in the San Bernardino Mountains.

Iron, lead, silver, zinc, manganese, mercury,
molybdenum, rare earth, tin, tungsten, uranium,
and vanadium are the most widely mined
metals. Non-metals being mined are asbestos,
barite, clay, dimension stone, feldspar, fluorite,
turquoise, graphite, limestone, magnesite,
perlite, pumice, volcanic cinders, sand and
gravel, silica, talc and salines.
-______
r Borax altering to
Halite (Rock Salt) Tincalconite
I
I U_I
‘I
Along the ramp down to the Hall of Mam
mals are beautiful displays of rocks and
minerals.
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1452 of 1598 People are the most advanced life form on
earth, but we share this planet with an enor
mous number of other living things.

Human beings are a part of the mammal
group of vertebrates. Mammals are different
from other animals because they possess hair,nurse their young, and maintain a fairly stable body temperature while the temperature of their
environment changes.

Mammals also possess intense vitality and
have an intricate highly developed brain. They
are divided into three main subclasses which in
clude the egg-laying order, such as the platypusand spiny anteater; the marsupials, such as the opossum and kangaroo; and the placental
group, which comprises most mammals including human beings.

The platypus and the spiny anteater are the
only egg-laying mammals and they both live in
Ausfralasia. The museum has one specimen, of a
platypus, on display, Marsupials live on various
continents of the world, but in North America
JOHN C. BELCHER
HALL Of MAMMALS
/ ---? :-
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1453 of 1598 Dgck.bdl.4 PI.Iyp, Egg
there is only one species, the opossum. The
marsupials have nipples located inside a pouch.

After birth the babies crawl into the pouch to
nurse and live there until they are developed
enough to find their own food.

The placental mammal group is the best
known. All the mammals on display in the Hall
of Mammals, except the opossum, belong to this
group. Almost one half of all land mammals are
rodents. One of the most interesting rodents is
the flying squirrel from the San Bernardino
Mountains.

Flying squirrels do not really fly, they spread
flaps of skin which stretch from front and back
limbs and glide from tree to tree as they travel
through the forest. Only bats, which are also
mammals, flap their wings and fly like birds.

There are about 5,000 species of mammals;
all with a back bone made up of vertebrae. Fish,
birds, and reptiles also have vertebrae. Reptiles,
during the age of the dinosaurs, were the domi
nant animals on earth, but today they represent
the smallest group.
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1454 of 1598 Reptiles have scales, breathe air, acclimate
to outside temperatures, and generally lay eggs
with shells; however, some reptiles have live
babies. Most people think of eggs in conjunction
with birds, but the first shelled eggs of ver
tebrates laid on land were reptilian.

Snakes shed their skins two to five times per
year. At that time, the snake’s skin takes on a
dull appearance, the eyes cloud over, the snake
loses its appetite, and is irritable. Often they soak
themselves in water. Their bodies are dry since
part of their body fluid is lost along with the old
skin. Shedding begins when the snake rubs its
mouth on a rough surface arcd loosens the skin
around the lips. When this is accomplished, it
proceeds to work the skin up over its head. As
the snake moves through brush and rocks, the
thin outside layer peels off like a glove. The en
tire process may take as little as half an hour.

Birds evolved 150 million years ago from
reptiles. Of all the vertebrates, they are perhaps
the most beautiful, and also the most numerous.

They are a tremendous asset because they help
control the rodent and insect populations.

Can you think of any place that is not home
to at least one kind of insect? Insects surround
people continually. They eat our food, clothes,
and crops; puncture the unwary person’s skin;
and invade our homes.

These small animals have adapted and sur
vived over a third of a billion years of evolution
and they comprise approximately three times
the number of all the other animal species on
the earth combined.
•1
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1455 of 1598 We hope you will return to visit the museum
frequently and watch as the exhibits change and
grow. Many people donating funds, artifacts,
and service make the museum possible. These
displays are tools for teaching about our cultural
heritage and for encouraging people to respect
all living things and the world in which we live.

Please come again!
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1456 of 1598 10 t
N
/
\
.5 SAN BERNARDINO COUNW MUSEUM
\ 2024 ORANGE TREE LANE
\ P.O. BOX 1149
REDIANDS, CALIFORNIA 92373
(714) 792-1334
--------
36-015135 Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1457 of 1598 State of California--The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
Primary #_ u__~LL.Ll.~-------- HRI# ______________________________ _ PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial _______________ _
NRHP Status Code_-=.3~D:.__ ________ _
Other Listings _____________ __
Review Code Reviewer Date
Page_1_of __ 3_ *Resource Name or# (Assigned by recorder)_-=9...:6:...:5:....-...:2=-:H:.:.._ _______ _ P1.
*P2.
*P3a.
*P3b.
*P4.

P5a.

Other Identifier: Curtis Residence
Location: Not for Publication V Unrestricted *a. County San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Redlands, Calif. Date 1967, photorevised 1985 T1S; R3W; S.B. B.M. Within the Rancho San Bernardino Land Grant • . :Sc:-jAJe_SJ;.e.-30 Elevation: ca. 1140 feet above mean sea level
c. Address 10684 California Street City Lorna Linda Zlp_..::.9-=2:...:3c..:5:...4=------ d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone__!l; 4 79780 mE/ 3768550 mN UTM Derivation: V USGS Quad GPS -- -- e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, etc., as appropriate) West side of California Street between Redlands Boulevard and Mission Road.

Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) Rectangular in plan, this one- story wood-frame singlefamily dwelling has an asymmetrical fa~ade and a medium-pitched, cross-gabled composition roof and is clad in horizontal wood siding. The asymmetrical faqade features wood-framed windows on either side of the entry and an offcentered, gable-roofed porch supported by slightl y battered posts resting on concrete piers. The residence appears to be relativ e ly unaltered and retains most of the character-defining elements of its Cal ifornia Bungalow design.

Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2--Single family property Resources Present:~ Building _ _ Structure __ Object __ Site District~ Element of District Other (isolates, etc.)
Photograph or Drawing (Photograph required for
and
buildings, ! P5b. Description of Photo: (view, date,
i accession #) Photo taken on May
! 20, 2003; view to the west.
i *P6. Date Constructed/Age of Sources:

I V Historic Prehistoric Both !-- -- --
! Ca . 1920 ( see Items B6 and B12
i for detail) I *P7. Owner and Address:

I James Findley
J97 San Marino Drive
~s-=a~n:....-=R =-=f=-=a~e~L,--=C~A:....-=9~4~9'-0~1~-- ! *PS. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and i address)
! Casey Tibbet , CRM TECH
14472 Orange Street
! Riv erside, CA 92501 ~~~~~L-~'--=~'-'-~----- i *P9. Date Recorded: July 2003 i *P1 0.Survey Type: Int ensive-level
-----···---····· ______________________ J CEQA- compliance survey *P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Bai "Tom " Tang, Michael Hogan, Mariam Dahdul, Casey Tibbet, and Daniel Bal lester (2003) :

Historical/ Archaeological Resources Surv ey : Orchard Park Project, City of Lorna Linda, San Bernardino County, California. On file, Archaeological Information Center, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands. *Attachments: ___ None ___ Location Map ___ Continuation Sheet~ Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Resource Record Milling Station Record -----=- ___ Rock Art Record ___ Artifact Record ___ Photograph Record ___ Other (List): __________ _ DPR 5238 (1.195) *Required Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1458 of 1598
Page_2_of_3_ *NRHP Status Code_-=.3~0 ------ ----------- 81 .

82. 83.
*85.
*87.
*88.
89a.
*810.
811.
*812.
*Resource Name or# (Assigned by recorder)_.:::9....o6:...:5::....-....:2:..:H::._ ______ _ _ Historic Name: curtis Residence
Common Name: curtis Residence
Original Use : Single family residence 84. Present Use : Single-family residence Architectural Style: California Bungalow
*86. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) A search of available historical sources yielded no specific information regarding the construction date of this house, which nevertheless has been estimated at around 1920. According to archival prope rty records, the Curtis family was property owners from at least the 1890s to the 1950s . Having arrived in the area in 1861, they were among the earliest settlers and orange-growers in the Old San Bernardino area, farming large tracts of land on both sides of today ' s California Street. Patriarch William Curtis was a prominent figure county politics around the turn of the century. Curtis, who died in 1912, had eight children, many of whom continued to live in the area and possibly the house through at least the 1950s .

Moved? ___f_No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: ________ _ Related Features: see Item P3a on p . 1 .

Architect: Unknown b. 8uilder:.,----....:U:..:n.:.:k~n:.:.o:::cw.!!..!.:n,__ _____ ______ _ Significance: Theme N/ A Area_-=.N:...:./-=-A=------------------ Period of Significance N/A Property Type N/ A Applicable Criteria_.:.:N~/.:.:A,___ ___ _ (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope.

Also address integrity.) The Curtis Residence dates to the early 20th century, is associated with members of prominent pioneer families in Old San Bernardino, and retains excellent historic integrity to relate to its period of origin .

As such, this residence is considered a primary contributor to the Mission Road Historic District and falls within the district ' s most tangible period of significance, namely the 1870s-1930s.

Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)_-=.N:...:o:..:.n:..:e::..._ _________________ _ References Riverside City and County directories; John Brown, Jr., and James Boyd ( 1922): History of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. The Western Historical Association, Madison, Wisconsin .
(Continued on p. 3)
DPR 5238 (1195) *Required Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1459 of 1598
State of California--The Resources Agency Primary# ;s{p7?J99'C2 t DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ___ ___ ___ _ _ BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Continued
Page_3_of_ 3_ *NRHP Status Code_=-3=-D- --- - - --- - - - - - - --- 81 3. Remarks: ____ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _
*814. Evaluator: Bai " Tom " Tang
*Date of Evaluation:_ ::::..Ju=lyL-....:2::::..0::::..0::::..3::...._ _ ___ _ (This space reserved for of fic i al comment s .)
DPR 5238 (1/95)
··.
. . . .

L
I
. t .
~
'
*Required information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1460 of 1598
State of Callfornla--The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

PRIMARY RECORD
Primary ----"'-~~.!.......L.L....Jo=~---___ ____.'Id
HRI# ___________________________ ~
Trlnomlal ______________ _
NRHP Status Code_=-3D=---________ _
Other Llstlngs ______ =--:--____ _
Review Code Reviewer Date
Page_1_of_3_ *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) --=.9--=6-=5'--....::3:..:H"--_______ _ Pl. Other Identifier: Raymond curtis House
*P2. Location: Not for Publication V Unrestricted *a. County San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Redlands, Calif. Date 1967, photorevised 1985 Tl£i R3Wi S.B. 8.M. within the Rancho San Bernardino Land Grant. ~/~~3C> Elevation: Ca. 1140 feet above mean sea level
c. Address 10852 California City Lorna Linda Zlp_..::.9-=2-=3--=5:...:4'--______ _ d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone---.lli 479780 mEl 3766020 mN UTM Derivation: V USGS Quad GPS -- -- e. Other Locatlonal Data: (e.g. , parcel #, directions to resource, etc., as appropriate) Located on the west side of California Street, in between Redlands Boulevard and Mission Road.
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design , materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) This property consists of a single-family residence, a large rear ancillary building, and other related structures. The ancillary building, which includes a garage, secondary residential quarters, and a storage shed, appears oldest of the group. The one-story, Ranch-style residence of stucco is rectangular in plan with a medium-pitched, sidegabled, wood-Shingle roof. The front entrance opens to the side of a small, recessed entry porch, and is accompanied in the asymmetrical fagade by woodframed windows with patterned panels, mostly double-hung. A side entrance is centered under the south-facing gable and is flanked by two windows, all sheltered under awnings.

The Bungalow-influenced ancillary building is a one-story, wood-frame structure built on a rectangular plan and surmounted by a medium-pitched front-gable roof sheathed with corrugated metal panels. The exterior walls are clad in horizontal flush boards and fenestrated with wood-framed casement and double-hung windows. The asymmetrical fagade features a secondary gable supported by wooden brackets and a metal-framed mesh canopy, both sheltering a tilted bin that serves as a fruit stand. A rustic split-log fence lines the front and side of the structure. These buildings retain a high level of architectural, visual and design integrity.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2-Single family property *P4. Resources Present:~Building __ Structure __ Object __ Site District~Element of District __ Other (isolates, etc.)
(Continued on pg. 2)
DPR 5238 (1195) *Requlred Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1461 of 1598
State of Callfornla--The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
PRIMARY RECORD Continued
Page_2_of_3_
Primary # -'-''-'O«---=:...J......<.....!...,;='''-'----_______ _ HRI# ____________________________ _
Trinomial
*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder)_...::9--=6-=5'----=3:..::H=---___ __ P5a. Photograph or Drawing (Photograph required for buildings, P5b. Description of Photo: (view, date, structures and accession #) Photo taken on May
20, 2003; view to the
northwest.
*P6. Date Constructed/Age of Sources:

V Historic Prehistoric Both
Ca. 1950s (see Items B6 and
B12 for detail)
*P7. Owner and Address:

J. J. and Amelia Ramirez Trust
P.O. Box 205
Bryn Mawr, CA 92318
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and
address)
Casey Tibbet, CRM TECH
4472 Orange Street
Riverside, CA 92501
*P9. Date Recorded: July 2003
*P10.Survey Type: Intensive-level
l. ____ .. _._ ........... __ .. _._~, -,.---:=.---..... -.............. __ ._ .. ___ ,. ,-.-............. -.-- .. -.-.. ---.-............ CEQA-compliance survey *P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Bai "Tom" Tang, Michael Hogan, Mariam Dahdul, Casey Tibbet, and Daniel Ballester (2003):

Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey: Orchard Park Project, City of Lorna Linda, San Bernardino County, California. On file, Archaeological Information Center, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands. *Attachments: None ___ Location Map ___ Continuation Sheet~ Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Resource Record Milling Station Record ---=- ___ Rock Art Record ___ Artifact Record ___ Photograph Record ___ Other (List):. __________ _ DPR 5238 (1195) *Requlred Information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1462 of 1598
State of Callfornla--The Resources Agency Primary #~~~:LL-L...!02 ::...:..... __ _ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # _________ _

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page_3_of_3_ *NRHP Status Code--::-:=:-3.=D--:-_--:-____ ----:--:------:-_______ _ *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder),_--=9:...::6=-=5::....---'3::..:H~ _______ _

81. Historic Name :_..::N:..::o:.=.n:..:e==----_-=--::-----:--;-___________________________ _

82. Common Name: Raymond Curtis House

83. Original Use: Single family residence 84. Present Use : Single family residence *85. Architectural Style:_..::R:.:a:.:n:..:c::..:h::.-_____________________________ _ *86. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) No permits for the construction of these buildings were found on file, however, a long-time area resident places the ancillary building as early as 1920, and the residence as being built in the 1950s by Raymond curtis. Directories indicate that Gloria and Robert E. Curtis, a student and later a rancher, lived at this location in 1952-1954 In 1958, Raymond T. Curtis, an orange and persimmon grower, and his wife Myrtle may have occupied the house.
*87. Moved? V No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: ________ _ *88. Related Features: See Item P3a on p. 1.
89a. Architect: Unknown b, 8uilder :, -;-..:.R!!:a~y~m!!:o::..:n~d~~C~uc=r..!t:.=i:.!:s==__ _______ _ *810. Significance: Theme N/A Area,_..:.:NC!../..:.:A~ ______________ _ Period of Significance N/A Property Type N/A Applicable Crlterla,_..:.:NC!.,./.:.,:A'----___ _ (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope.

Also address integrity.) This building does not appear to meet any of the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or the California Register of Historical Resources, but contributes to the significance and overall historic integrity of the Mission Road Historic District as designated by the City of Lorna Linda. Dating only to the post-WWII period, a less significant era in the district's history, this building is determined to be a secondary contributor to the Mission Road Historic District. 811 . Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP4-Ancillary buildings *812. References: Riverside City and county Directories; Hale Paxton, Personal communication.
813 .:::R==~k====c.!...--------------r-'":'s':":k-e-:-tc-:h--:-::M-a-~-~:-----~-:""":'"-------_ .... , . emar s: _____________ _ *814. Evaluator: Bai" Tom" Tang
*Date of Evaluation:_:::..J~u=-1.Ly~2~0~O:::..3 ____ _
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 5238 (1/95)
!
'.
o
".
..
. .
• • P/III
t .. • ~'\.. A
/--- ~
/
~ s ORANGE
.~
-'.

L .. :t.~S~C~~~O'OO~E~1~~24~2~~~~fee=tL~ _.==:~~\1OO.~:. ;..~_._~~K;i8!....rtIh> ~.J. _J *Requlred information
Redlands Regular Meeting of 12-17-2024 1463 of 1598
DPR 523L * Required Information
State of California – The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary # _P36-019923______________________________
HRI #______________________________________________
Trinomial __________________________________________