San Rafael City Council
October 7, 2024

AGENDA
SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL - MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2024
SPECIAL MEETING AT 4:00 P.M.

San Rafael Third Floor Conference Room
1400 Fifth Avenue, San Rafael, CA 94901
Watch Online:

Watch on Zoom Webinar: https://tinyurl.com/sm-2024-10-07 Listen by phone: (669) 444-9171
ID: 844-3204-9611#
One Tap Mobile: +16694449171,,84432049611# US
Members of the public may speak on Agenda Items.

INTERVIEWS:

1. Interviews
a. Planning Commission Interviews
Interview Applicants and Make One Appointment to Fill One Unexpired Four-Year Term Through the End of October 2027 on the Planning Commission Due to the Resignation of Shingai Samudzi (CC)
Recommended Action – Make Appointment
CONSENT CALENDAR:

The opportunity for public comment on consent calendar items will occur prior to the City Council’s vote on the Consent Calendar. The City Council may approve the entire consent calendar with one action. In the alternative, items on the Consent Calendar may be removed by any City Council or staff member, for separate discussion and vote.

2. Consent Calendar Items:
a. Approval of Minutes
Approve the Regular City Council Meeting Minutes of September 16, 2024 (CC) Recommended Action – Approve as submitted
b. Fire Commission Appointment
Appointment of Alternate Member Brian Waterbury to a Regular Voting Member on the Fire Commission through the End of October 2028 Due to the Expiration of Term of Thomas Weathers (CC)
Recommended Action – Approve appointment
c. Proclamations
Proclamations in Recognition of Cybersecurity Awareness Month and Fire Prevention Week Recommended Action – Receive and file
2 d. Information Technology Services Agreement Renewal
Authorize the City Manager to Execute an Agreement with Addendum with Xantrion, Inc., for Information Technology Services from November 1, 2024, through October 31, 2025, in an Amount Not to Exceed $1,166,700 (DS)
Recommended Action – Authorize the City Manager to execute an agreement with addendum with Xantrion, Inc., for information technology services from November 1, 2024, through October 31, 2025, in an amount not to exceed $1,166,700
e. Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Resolution Adopting the 2024 Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of San Rafael Annex (FD)
Recommended Action – Adopt Resolution
f. Marin Wildfire Prevention Authority (MWPA) Joint Powers Authority Agreement Resolution Approving the Amended Marin Wildfire Prevention Authority (MWPA) Joint Powers Authority Agreement (FD)
Recommended Action – Adopt Resolution
g. Quitclaim of a Sewer Easement at 1075 Francisco Boulevard East Resolution Electing to Vacate the 20-Foot Sewer Easement and Authorizing Execution of a Quitclaim Deed at 1075 Francisco Boulevard East, APN 009-191-37, San Rafael, California (SRSD)
Recommended Action – Adopt Resolution
h. Tyler Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Project Support Authorize the City Manager to Negotiate and Enter into a Professional Services Agreement with Krisch and Company for Consulting and Staff Augmentation Services in an Initial NotTo-Exceed Amount of $150,000, and Further Authorize the City Manager to Amend the Contract Up to a Total Not-To-Exceed Amount of $500,000 Through the Duration of the Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Project
Recommended Action – Authorize the City Manager to negotiate and enter into a Professional Services Agreement with Krisch and Company for consulting and staff augmentation services, in an initial not-to-exceed amount of $150,000, and further authorize the City Manager to amend the contract up to a total not-to-exceed amount of $500,000 through the duration of the Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Project
i. Prohibition of Camping on South Mahon Creek Path
Order of the San Rafael City Council Authorizing the Prohibition of Camping on the Southern Portion of the Mahon Creek Path Between Lincoln Avenue and Andersen Drive (CM)
Recommended Action – Adopt Resolution

ADJOURNMENT
OPEN SESSION – IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE SPECIAL MEETING ADJOURNMENT

1. Mayor Kate to announce Closed Session items.

CLOSED SESSION – IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE SPECIAL MEETING ADJOURNMENT

2. Closed Session:
3 a. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL—EXISTING LITIGATION
Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1)
Dean Karnazes v. City of San Rafael (Marin County Court Case No. CV0000492) b. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL—EXISTING LITIGATION
Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1)
Paul Crimmins v. City of San Rafael (WCAB Case No. ADJ10862084) c. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL—ANTICIPATED LITIGATION Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(4)
Initiation of litigation (One case)
Any records relating to an agenda item, received by a majority or more of the Council less than 72 hours before the meeting, shall be available for inspection online and at City Hall, 1400 Fifth Avenue, and placed with other agendarelated materials on the table in front of the Council Chamber prior to the meeting. Sign Language interpreters may be requested by calling (415) 485-3066 (voice), emailing [email protected] or using the California Telecommunications Relay Service by dialing “711”, at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. Copies of documents are available in accessible formats upon request. To request Spanish language interpretation, please submit an online form at https://www.cityofsanrafael.org/request-for-interpretation/. ____________________________________________________________________________________

FOR CITY CLERK ONLY
Council Meeting:

Disposition:

Special Meeting
Agenda Item No: SM 1.a
Meeting Date: October 7, 2024

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Department: City Clerk
Prepared by: Lindsay Lara, City Clerk City Manager Approval: ___________ TOPIC: PLANNING COMMISSION INTERVIEWS
SUBJECT: INTERVIEW APPLICANTS AND MAKE ONE APPOINTMENT TO FILL

ONE UNEXPIRED FOUR-YEAR TERM THROUGH THE END OF
OCTOBER 2027 ON THE PLANNING COMMISSION DUE TO THE

RESIGNATION OF SHINGAI SAMUDZI
RECOMMENDATION:

Interview the following applicants and make an appointment to fill one unexpired fouryear term through the end of October 2027 on the Planning Commission due to the resignation of Shingai Samudzi.

Name
Alexander Vollmer
Gianna Scotto
Leslie Stone
Matthew Landry
Robert Sandoval
BACKGROUND:

The Planning Commission consists of community volunteers appointed by the City Council to make decisions or advise the Council on land use and property development issues. The Commission assures that new development is consistent with the City’s longrange General Plan, State laws, and other public policies that advance the interests of our community. Meetings are held on the second & fourth Tuesdays at 7:00 p.m.

The term of Shingai Samudzi was set to expire at the end of October 2027; however, Shingai Samudzi resigned due to moving outside of city limits.

ANALYSIS:

The City Clerk’s office opened recruitment and left applications for all boards, commissions, and committees (BCCs) open, including the Planning Commission. The SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 2
City Clerk’s office received a total of eleven eligible applications for the vacancy. Four of the applications were withdrawn, leaving seven remaining applicants. Due to the volume of applications received, staff forwarded the applications to the City Council Liaison for their review to determine which five (5) applicants would move forward to the interview process. The City Council Liaison selected the attached five (5) applicants to move forward, and staff recommends that the City Council interview the five (5) applicants and appoint one applicant to the Planning Commission, with the term to expire at the end of October 2027.

FISCAL IMPACT: There is no fiscal impact associated with this item.

COMMUNITY OUTREACH:

The recruitment for the Planning Commission was advertised through mass email notification, the City website, social media platforms, and the Marin IJ, and it was physically posted at City facilities.

ATTACHMENT:

1. Five (5) Applications
Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
1 / 3
Q1
Contact Information / Información del contacto
First and Last Name / Nombre y Apellido Alexander Vollmer Address / Dirección
City / Ciudad San Rafael
State / estado CA
ZIP/Postal Code / Código postal 94901
Email Address / Dirección de correo electrónico
Phone Number / Número de teléfono
Q2
What district do you currently live in?¿En qué distrito vive actualmente?
District 1/Southern / Distrito 1/Sur
Q3
How long have you lived in San Rafael?
45 Q4
Business Information
Respondent skipped this question
Q5
How did you hear about this vacant position?
Other (please specify):

Newspaper (Independent Journal) notice of vancancies
Q6
What Board would you like to apply to?¿A cuál te gustaría aplicar?
Planning Commission
#80

COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Wednesday, August 07, 2024 2:59:35 PM
Last Modified: Wednesday, August 07, 2024 3:16:16 PM
Time Spent: 00:16:41
IP Address: 73.70.94.32

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
2 / 3
Q18
Do you participate in any civic activities? If so, what are they? I am the Presient of the Spinnaker Point Homeowners Assocation; I vote Q19
List any civic organizations of which you are a member:

None; Prior Member of the Matin County Civil Grand Jury.

Q20
Education:

Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering
Masters degree in Civil Engineering (Stuctural & Geotechnical) Q21
Why are you interested in serving on a board or commission? I may be able to use my educational & professional experience in the performance of Planning Comission discussions and decisions.

Q22
Describe possible areas in which you may have a conflict of interest with the City:

None that I am aware of.

Q23
Upload your resume.

Respondent skipped this question
Q24
Ethnicity / Raza/etnia:

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
3 / 3
Q25
To which gender do you most identify?¿Con qué género se identifica más?
Q26
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?
ALEXANDER B. VOLLMER, P.E.

PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS/LICENSES:

Professional Engineer (Civil) - New York (No. 045638-1, 1970) - Inactive California (No. C 054817, 1995), Inactive
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION:

Bachelor of Civil Engineering - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (5 year program) Master of Civil Engineering - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (2 year program) Major - Structural Design & Analysis
Minor - Geotechnical Engineering
Proficient in spoken and written Spanish and spoken German PROFESSIONAL CONSULTING EXPERIENCE:
1996 to Present: VOLLMER CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANCY, Principal San Francisco & San Rafael, CA
Providing civil engineering and construction consulting services including technical advice, dispute resolution assistance and expert testimony to owners, contractors, Engineers, Architects, underwriters, adjusters and their legal counsel. Services include construction contract claim preparation and analysis utilizing Critical Path Method (CPM) schedule techniques, loss of labor productivity studies and liability assessments; Construction project performance evaluations (including Standard of Care assessments); Construction contract and Proposed Change Order (PCO) review for causation and betterment; Marine & non-Marine Property and casualty loss investigations, causation opinions and reconstruction estimates; Personal injury investigations and opinions of liability; Pre-litigation support services including interrogatory and opposing expert deposition question preparation; Attendance at opposing expert deposition; Provision of expert testimony at deposition, mediation, arbitration and trial. Service as a member of Dispute Resolution Board (DRB) forums.

Major Assignments:

Damage to a gypsum loading terminal: Assisted in the defense of a $10 million claim by a loading terminal facility against a shipping company for costs of replacement of a breasting dolphin allegedly damaged by a 70,000 DWT berthing vessel. Forensic work included examination of the appropriate dolphin design berthing approach velocity (per PIANC guidelines) and the efficacy of the construction, maintenance and repair of the damaged berthing dolphin prior to the incident. Provided expert testimony in deposition and in trial in Federal District Court.

Sub-contractor pass-through claim against State Transportation Authority: On behalf of a state transportation authority, Mr. Vollmer provided an analysis of a contractor’s $600,000 claim for direct and delay damages and Liquidated Damages relief. Mr. Vollmer created an As-Built schedule from project records and determined the As-Built Critical Path. He also identified contractor delays and inefficiencies and non-compliance with owner supplied equipment. In addition, Mr. Vollmer provided expert testimony in deposition and arbitration, which resulted in a determination of no liability on the part of the authority.

Alexander B. Vollmer, P.E.

Project Management for Pedestrian Wharf: On behalf of a marine contracting firm, provided daily on-site project management of a $6MM reconstruction of a timber wharf to a cast-in-place and precast deck panel promenade on the San Francisco Bay waterfront. Coordinated trade crews, interfaced with Owner representatives, prepared and updated Project Schedules, attended weekly Progress Meetings, coordinated multiple subcontractors and supplier to insure project completion by scheduled date.

Vessel Damage at Wood Chip Loading Dock: Investigation, analysis and expert testimony in Federal Court on behalf of facility owner as to the adequacy of a chip loading dock for ocean-going vessels, in defense of a $27 million claim by vessel owner for negligence in the maintenance and operation of the facility. Full judgment in favor of client/owner of loading facility.

Contractor Claim for Damages against Owner: Analysis of a contractor’s pre-bid investigation and post-award performance during trenching for fiber optic cable installation. Expert testimony in arbitration as to the contractor’s performance vs. schedule and liability for damage recovery.

Subcontractor Claim for Damages against Architect: Analysis of a claim of design negligence resulting in project delays in completion of an airport terminal. Expert presentation in mediation as to actual schedule impact resulting from subcontractor’s interpretation of design elements. 1989 to 1996: HIGH-POINT RENDEL, General Manager, Senior Consultant (Previously High-Point Schaer & Schaer Associates)
San Francisco, CA
Opened and managed the Northern California office of an international construction consulting group.

Performed as Project Executive or Project Manager for a wide range of projects including construction project claim development and analysis, dispute resolution assistance including expert testimony, construction project schedule analyses and loss of productivity studies, contracts review, property loss assessments and preparation of reconstruction estimates, construction project related casualty (personal injury) loss claim investigations and litigation assistance, financial risk assessments, surety bond claim investigations & estimates to complete construction and Architect/Engineer Standard of Care assessments.

Provided expert testimony as to liability for construction schedule impacts and project delays based on CPM schedule analyses, on responsibility for site safety, on appropriateness of contractor’s construction means and methods, on reasonableness of reconstruction schedules, on contractor’s interpretation of information provided in plans and specifications, on reasonableness of claimed costs and methodology of their calculation and on sufficiency of specifications provided to contractors in bidding documents.

Alexander B. Vollmer, P.E.

Major assignments:

Santa Rita (CA) Replacement (Detention) Facility: Analysis of Owner’s $16 million claim against the design Architects/Mechanical Engineers for delay damages on a $150 million project including a CPM schedule analysis and determination of liability for direct cost damages.

Sacramento County (CA) Jail: Analysis of a Contractor’s $20 million ‘modified total cost/total time’ claim for delay and disruption against the design Architects for errors and omissions.

University of North Carolina Co-generation Plant: Analysis of a design build Contractor’s $36 million direct cost and delay claim against the Owner for impacts due to differing site conditions, changes and operational interferences during boiler replacement in an operating facility.

Cabrillo Beach (CA) Marina: Development of a sub-contractor’s claim for delay and disruption damages against the General Contractor and Owner during construction of a $22 million, 1500 slip pleasure boat marina.
1988: VOLLMER CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANTS, Principal
San Francisco & San Rafael, CA
Provided technical assistance including direct and delay claim analysis and quantification using CPM methodology to owners, contractors, attorneys & Architects/Engineers. Provided and implemented construction project control and management systems. Provided fact witness testimony.

PROFESSIONAL CIVIL CONTRACTING EXPERIENCE:
1982 to 1988: CROWLEY MARITIME CORPORATION, Area & Projects Manager San Francisco, CA
Area Construction Manager and Senior Projects Manager for a major heavy civil marine works construction firm. Direct responsibility for Northern California and Alaska operations including supervision of individual Project Managers to insure on-time and in-budget project completions.

Responsibilities included estimating and bidding of public and private projects and contract negotiation of non-bid projects. Developed and implemented project controls, handled labor relations/ negotiations, liaised with public and private client representatives and coordinated with in-house and external legal counsel for claims arbitration and litigation support. Provided direct project management services in specialty situations. Projects included near-shore concrete pile supported, cast-in-place concrete deck wharves, timber pile supported bridge fender repair works, jetted and driven concrete pile and precast concrete module marina construction, steel pile supported Synchrolift dock installation, dredging and other projects employing marine pile driving derricks and associated equipment including barge mounted heavy lift cranes, tug boats and supply barges.

Alexander B. Vollmer, P.E.

1964 to 1982: RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL, Inc. & Worldwide Subsidiaries:
1979 to 1982: HEALY TIBBITTS CONSTRUCTION CO., Projects Manager San Francisco, CA
Projects Manager/Estimator for heavy civil marine construction works contractor with operations on U. S. West Coast and South America. Projects included sanitary outfalls, bridge construction rehabilitation, marina construction, sub-sea oil pipeline installation and marine facilities repair works.

Responsibilities included identification of appropriate projects, proposal preparation, bidding, contracts negotiation, establishment and implementation of project management systems, on-time and in-budget execution of work, preparation and negotiation of change orders and claims administration including interface activities with public and private client representatives, in-house and external counsel and underwriter claim managers.
1977 to 1979: RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL BUILDERS, Inc., District Manager Lagos, Nigeria
General Manager of in-country Sales/Administrative/Operations office with multi-national (expatriate and local) office and trade worker staffs. Responsible for construction project development and sales, including estimating, contract preparation and negotiation, change order preparation and negotiation and claims resolution for multi-contract infrastructure development program including foundation projects for bridges, highways, marginal and relieved wharves and docks utilizing concrete cylinder, steel pipe and sheet piling. Assumed responsibility for field Construction Management of projects including equipment and materials logistics, completion schedules and project cost vs. budget. 1976 to 1977: RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL, Inc., Project Manager London, England, Almeria, Spain & Arzew, Algeria
In-country Engineer/Supervisor managing and coordinating the planning, design and negotiating contracts for the modification and mobilization of major specialty marine pipe laying equipment for use in a $20 million sub-sea precast concrete cooling water intake tunnel project in the Mediterranean Sea. Assisted with negotiations between the Owner (Algerian government) and the Construction Manager (Bechtel) for sale of the equipment spread to the Owner and for the work accomplished. 1974 to 1976: RAYMOND-KIEWIT-TIDEWATER JV, Area Superintendent Cove Point (Chesapeake Bay), MD
On-site Engineer responsible for the on-time, in-budget completion of a $25 million marine berthing portion of an LNG offloading and storage facility. Project included pre-cast concrete cylinder pile jetting/ driving operation, pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete deck construction, steel sheet pile cofferdam and large diameter steel pile supported concrete mooring dolphin installation. Directly supervised five Assistant Superintendents and trade union force of 100+. Managed floating equipment fleet including two barge mounted pile drivers (one jack-up unit), three heavy lift crane barges, a floating concrete batching plant, supply barges and a fleet of service launches and tugboats.

Alexander B. Vollmer, P.E.

1971 to 1974: RAYMOND CONSTRUCTION CO. of TRINIDAD, Project Manager Galeota Point, Trinidad, W.I.

In-country Engineer/supervisor with on-site responsibility for construction, budget and completion schedule of several consecutive projects including installation of a 1700 meter long steel sheet pile earth-filled jetty, dredging of a supply vessel turning basin and installation of concrete anchoring weights on a sub-sea offshore pipeline for an international oil company. Responsibilities included field management of expatriate and local labor force; in-country client relations; subcontracts preparation, negotiation & supervision and claims preparation & negotiation with U.S. Owner. 1970 to 1971: RAYMOND-DRAVO-LANGENFELDER JV, Assistant Superintendent, Superintendent, General Superintendent
Annapolis, MD
On-site Engineer/supervisor responsible for planning and prosecution of installation of precast concrete cylinder pile supported, precast concrete beam and cast-in-place concrete deck structures for approaches to the second Chesapeake Bay suspension bridge crossing. Supervised pile jetting/driving, precast and cast-in-place concrete work. As General Superintendent responsible for all off-shift pile driving, tremie concrete placement in Potomac-type piers and cast-in-place anchorage pier construction. Also responsible for fleet of marine equipment including crane barges, supply barges, concrete batch plant, and service launches and tugboats. 1969 to 1970: RAYMOND METAL PRODUCTS Co., Owner’s Representative Baltimore, MD
On-site Engineer responsible for oversight of third party contractor’s schedule and performance during expansion of Company’s operating metal products plant. Activities included construction contract negotiation, design engineer liaison and construction coordination to permit continuation of plant activities during construction period.
1968 to 1969: RAYMOND TECHNICAL FACILITIES, Inc., Civil Engineer New York, NY
Office Engineer responsible for planning of design projects, structural design and drafting for foundation design projects. Assisted with preparation of engineering design proposals. 1967 to 1969: CONSORCIO RAYMOND – BROWN & ROOT, Field Superintendent Maracaibo, Venezuela
In-country marine Civil works Superintendent responsible for on-site prosecution of work activities and maintenance of schedule for construction of an offshore (mid-Lake) natural gas recompression platform. Responsibilities included overseeing concrete cylinder pile driving, placement of pre-cast concrete deck modules, cast-in-place concrete batching and placement and erection of fabricated steel members. Supervised expatriate and in-country labor force operating barge mounted pile driver, two heavy lift barge mounted derricks, barge mounted concrete batching plant and various tugboats and supply barges. Directed three Assistant Superintendents and a surveying crew.

Alexander B. Vollmer, P.E.

1967: RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL, Inc., Engineering Liaison
Cabinda, Angola & New York, NY
In-country Liaison Engineer responsible for explaining to prospective owner/client various preliminary design and construction proposals for a marine crude oil collection and loading facility being proposed by Company’s Stateside engineering group. Interfaced with prospective client’s in-country operations team to develop facility design parameters to assist with Company’s final design/build proposal.

Researched and assembled local labor, materials and services cost data for development of proposal.

Presented and explained final proposal to prospective client. 1965 to 1967: CONSORCIO RAYMOND–BROWN & ROOT, Engineer/Superintendent Maracaibo, Venezuela
On-site Civil Engineer responsible for steel fabrication yard materials ordering, optimum usage determinations and piece layout for fabrication. As Superintendent, assisted marine piling and steel erection operations with scheduling and project layout. 1965 to 1965: CORPORACION RAYMOND, S.A., Engineer/Superintendent Trainee Puerto Rico
On-site Engineer responsible for layout, installation and quality control of building foundation and near-shore facilities Step-Taper (driven steel shell) and steel pipe piling projects. Coordinated concrete pouring, equipment scheduling and materials logistics for these projects. Responsible for damage assessment and layout for reconstruction of fendering dolphins at offshore molasses loading terminal damaged by ocean-going vessels.

PROFESSIONAL CONSTRUCTION & CONSULTING SPECIALTIES:

Planning, design coordination, estimating, scheduling and execution of onshore and near-shore heavy civil land and marine foundation construction projects.

Project experience includes concrete and steel pile supported marginal wharves, marine loading terminals, jetties, piers, pile supported bridge fendering systems, segmented concrete and steel pipe offshore outfalls (wastewater discharge and water intake), onshore and offshore bridge foundations (caisson and pile supported), stationary oilfield platforms, oil/gas tanker loading/unloading piers, sea walls, floating and fixed marina installation and repair slope revetments and dredging operations in connection with some of these projects.

Pile driving experience includes timber, concrete, concrete cylinder, steel pipe and H-beams as well as steel and concrete sheet piling.

Experienced in the selection, deployment and on-site management of land and marine construction equipment including derrick barges, concrete batch plants, pile drivers, supply barges and service launches and tugboats.

Alexander B. Vollmer, P.E.

Experienced in proposal preparation (estimating, bidding, presentation), constructability reviews, owner/designer liaison, contract review, development and implementation of project control and management systems, project scheduling, project management and closeout, claims preparation and negotiation and technical support for mediation, arbitration and litigation related to constructed facilities.

Experienced in identification, analysis and evaluation of construction project documents and claims related to schedule delay/impact, extended performance, scope change, loss of productivity and disruption. Experienced in the analysis of As-Planned and As-built schedules and preparation and presentation of delay and performance related analyses.

Experienced in the investigation, analysis, costing and negotiation of Maritime facility loss claims to docks, wharves, bridge fendering, mooring dolphins, marine construction equipment, levees, revetments, etc.

Experienced in the preparation and use of explanatory exhibits for use in adjudicative forums as well as in the provision of expert testimony in these forums. (Current as of 11-Sep-24)
From: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, August 21, 2024 3:46 PM
To: Info <[email protected]>; Open Data <[email protected]> Subject: New submission from Contact City Council
Name
Bruce Raful
Email
Subject
new Planning Comm membrs
Message
Mayor Kate and council members, my very good friend Alex Vollmer has applied to be a planning commissioner and I write to highly commend him to you. Alex is president of our local HOA and does a really good job for our Spinnaker community. He is an engineer by profession, very well organized, and would be a great asset to our city. Please give his application your closest attention.

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
1 / 3
Q1
Contact Information / Información del contacto
First and Last Name / Nombre y Apellido Gianna Scotto
Address / Dirección
City / Ciudad San Rafael
State / estado CA
ZIP/Postal Code / Código postal 94901
Email Address / Dirección de correo electrónico
Phone Number / Número de teléfono
Q2
What district do you currently live in?¿En qué distrito vive actualmente?
District 2
Q3
How long have you lived in San Rafael?
2 years
Q4
Business Information
Respondent skipped this question
Q5
How did you hear about this vacant position?
City Council Agenda
Q6
What Board would you like to apply to?¿A cuál te gustaría aplicar?
Planning Commission
#76

COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Sunday, August 04, 2024 12:41:32 AM
Last Modified: Sunday, August 04, 2024 12:49:46 AM
Time Spent: 00:08:14
IP Address: 76.32.169.157

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
2 / 3
Q18
Do you participate in any civic activities? If so, what are they? N/a
Q19
List any civic organizations of which you are a member:

N/a
Q20
Education:

College of Marin AA- Liberal Arts emphasis on natural sciences Dominican university - BS, Global Public health
Q21
Why are you interested in serving on a board or commission? I want to contribute to the city I live in being as livable as possible. I have a desire to support the city of San Rafael and a commitment to the community.

Q22
Describe possible areas in which you may have a conflict of interest with the City:

N/a
Q23
Upload your resume.

Gianna_murray_resume2024.pdf (82.6KB)
Q24
Ethnicity / Raza/etnia:

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
3 / 3
Q25
To which gender do you most identify?¿Con qué género se identifica más?
Q26
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?
Gianna Murray
| Linkedin
Experienced development professional with advanced CRM database expertise and strong analytical skills.

Dedicated to dismantling socio-economic inequities through strategic planning, program development, and fostering relationships. With a background in public health, I am eager to contribute to an organization’s mission by applying my skills to drive impactful outcomes in reporting and analytics to make a significant difference .

Professional Experience
Development Manager, Development Team February 2024 - Present Mission Graduates, San Francisco, CA
● Project Manager for Salesforce data migration
● Manage organization’s CRM database
● Manage online fundraising and events management systems ● Develop scheduled reporting cross organizationally
● Collaborate with and advise the Development Team Members on donor database management of contacts, relationships, and opportunities
● Spearheaded digital fundraising campaigns, achieving significant revenue growth and expanding brand presence online
● Successfully revenued $410,000 in individual and major gift funding and $90,000 in corporate funding ● Managed diverse range of giving portals, such as Benevity, Frontstream, and ActBlue, utilizing digital platforms for maximum reach and impact from individual and corporate gift match opportunities ● Unified disparate donor, volunteer, and alumni data using CRM platforms for streamlined digital outreach. ● Led digital external communications for fundraising, expanding brand presence across multiple online platforms ● Simultaneously worked as the Development Manager and Volunteer Manager managing both programs ● Successfully liaisoned with the Mayor of San Francisco’s office to award Mission Graduates with a Commendation, Certificate of Honor.
● Lead the Alumni Committee to engage Alumni demographic through organized and planned stewardship, Volunteer Manager, Development Team Nov 2022 - June 2024 Mission Graduates, San Francisco, CA
● Strategize for recruiting volunteers aligned with the organization's mission and development goals. ● Design and conduct individual and corporate group orientations to onboard volunteers, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the organization's values, goals, and specific roles. ● Lead Alumni Committee to cultivate and re-engage Mission Graduate Alumni ● Design and implement marketing campaigns via MailChimp to cultivate volunteer relationships through acknowledging volunteer contributions to ensure a positive experience and continued support. ● Collaborate with the development team to engage volunteers in donor stewardship activities, fostering a sense of community and commitment.
● Support in planning fundraising events including volunteering ensuring seamless execution and maximizing volunteer impact.
● Create a pipeline from volunteerism to donorship.
● Manage volunteer data in the Development database to inform prospect research and contribute to the identification and qualification of prospective donors. ● Generate regular reports for the development team, highlighting volunteer impact and areas for improvement.

Project Manager, Life Enrichment May 2022 - Nov 2022
The Redwoods, Mill Valley, CA
● Develop and execute strategies for recruiting, training, and retaining volunteers to enhance the quality of life for senior residents
● Serve as a key point of contact between the Life Enrichment Team and the Board of Directors, facilitating effective communication and collaboration.
● Collaborate with internal teams and external partners to ensure the seamless execution of projects, from ideation to evaluation
Domestic Violence Advocate Intern, June 2021 - Dec 2021 Center For Domestic Peace, San Rafael, CA
● Design and deliver bi-monthly domestic violence prevention workshops in collaboration with program coordinators to up to 50 individuals
Certified Nursing Assistant, Patient Care Services May 2021 - May 2022 By The Bay Health, Larkspur, CA
● Provide essential administrative support to clinical staff, Team Leaders, and Clinical Managers. ● Audit, chart, and complete patient admissions of up to 150 per day ● Maintain Patient electronic and hard copy charts up to date through Epic Healthcare Software adhering to privacy protocols
Services Experience Specialist, Service Experience Feb 2015 - May 2021 Nordstrom Inc., Corte Madera, CA
● Engage up to 100 customers per day to understand their individual needs and preferences, providing personalized recommendations and solutions.
● Adhere to and exemplify Nordstrom's service standards, consistently delivering high-quality service that reflects the brand's reputation.

Skills
● Data Management: CRM Platforms, Donor Prospect Research, Data Analysis, Visualization, and Multivariate Analysis Software: SPSS
● Event Management: Eventbrite, Vendor Management, Budget Management ● Project Management: Google Workspace, Microsoft Office, MailChimp, Successfully Managed Consultants ● Stakeholder Engagement: Board Liaison, Cross-Organizational Collaboration and Coordination, Community Engagement & Relationship Building, Digital Outreach and Cultivation ● Fundraising: Digital Community Engagement & Relationship Building. Successfully have secured Major Donors, Corporate and Community Sponsors, Restricted and Unrestricted funds, Implemented Annual Fundraisers and Seasonal Appeals
Education:

Bachelor of Science, Global Public Health; Concentration: Biostatistics Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA
Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
1 / 3
Q1
Contact Information / Información del contacto
First and Last Name / Nombre y Apellido Leslie Stone
Address / Dirección
City / Ciudad San Rafael
State / estado California
ZIP/Postal Code / Código postal 94901
Email Address / Dirección de correo electrónico
Phone Number / Número de teléfono
Q2
What district do you currently live in?¿En qué distrito vive actualmente?
District 3/Eastern / Distrito 3/Este
Q3
How long have you lived in San Rafael?
Nine years
Q4
Business Information
Company LSA
Address
City/Town San Rafael
ZIP/Postal Code 94901
#148

COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Thursday, September 26, 2024 2:42:38 PM
Last Modified: Thursday, September 26, 2024 10:43:36 PM Time Spent: 08:00:58
IP Address: 162.235.140.43

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
2 / 3
Q5
How did you hear about this vacant position?
Friend
Q6
What Board would you like to apply to?¿A cuál te gustaría aplicar?
Planning Commission
Q18
Do you participate in any civic activities? If so, what are they? Attendance at City events.

Active in getting out the vote.

Donating to political campaigns.

Q19
List any civic organizations of which you are a member:

Board member and ambassador for Resilient Neighborhoods.

Volunteer design work for Pollinator Garden at Dominican University.

Green Change volunteer.

Donor to Youth in Arts, Dominican University, Welcome Home, ELM, Canal Alliance, Marin Symphony.

Q20
Education:

BA in Design from University of California, Los Angeles Q21
Why are you interested in serving on a board or commission? As an environmental designer, I am very concerned about the built and natural environment, and keeping our communities friendly and livable for all ages, abilities and backgrounds. As a business owner, I want San Rafael to be a thriving place for people to shop locally, invest in their communities, and live close to where they work and recreate.

Q22
Describe possible areas in which you may have a conflict of interest with the City:

Previously, I was an independent contractor with Marin County Parks, designing a sign system for parks and open space.

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
3 / 3
Q23
Upload your resume.

Leslie%20Stone%20Resume%202024.pdf (144KB)
Q24
Ethnicity / Raza/etnia:

Q25
To which gender do you most identify?¿Con qué género se identifica más?
Q26
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?

Leslie Stone Associates learning landscapes | exhibit design | environmental graphics RESUME FOR LESLIE STONE 1
Resume for Leslie Stone
Principal, Leslie Stone Associates [LSA]
As the principal and creative director at LSA for over 25 years, Leslie has planned, designed and developed environments, educational exhibits and environmental graphics for a host of museums, visitor centers, parks, trail systems, and outdoor learning landscapes for educational institutions, non-profit organizations, municipalities, state and federal agencies. Her award-winning planning and design firm, Leslie Stone Associates [LSA], has completed projects throughout California in many world-class destinations.

Leslie received a Bachelor of Arts in Design from the University of California, Los Angeles, with a course emphasis on education and art history. She also completed a study abroad program through Pace University of New York. Leslie has been a guest lecturer at San Francisco State University, DAI, in exhibit design, and has taught extension classes in graphic design and production at the University of Southern California.

Leslie has been a national spokesperson for women’s economic development and environmental education. As a founding board president of LA Harvest, she generated economic support for community gardens. As the founding board president of the National Association of Women’s Yellow Pages, and the publisher of the LA Women’s Yellow Pages, she fostered the growth of women’s businesses. As the designer and distributor of the LA Green Pages, she enabled thousands of people find green products and organizations to support. She also served on the board of the Women’s Building and the Women’s Foundation. She is a current board member of Resilient Neighborhoods in Marin County.

LSA has received awards for design excellence from the National Park Service, the American Association of Museums [AAM], the American Association of Landscape Architects Northern California Chapter, and the Association of Partners for Public Lands (APPL)
(see following pages for selected design and planning projects) Leslie Stone Associates learning landscapes | exhibit design | environmental graphics RESUME FOR LESLIE STONE 2
Selected Design and Planning Projects
The projects highlighted below are a representative sampling of the many contracts that the LSA team, under the direction of Leslie Stone, has been awarded over the past 25 years. These projects have provided LSA the opportunity to influence visitors from around the world to learn about, enjoy and protect wild places and preserve our cultural history.

Yosemite National Park
LSA has worked with the National Park Service, The Yosemite Conservancy, and various architecture firms on multiple planning and design projects involving orientation and interpretation in the most visited areas of Yosemite National Park over the past 25+ years. These projects include:
• Yosemite Valley Welcome Center and Plaza Exhibits and Orientation • Yosemite Valley Visitor Center Exhibits
• Bridalveil Fall Trail Orientation and Waysides
• Tenaya Lake Orientation and Waysides
• Glacier Point Orientation and Waysides
• Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias and Welcome Plaza Orientation & Exhibits • Yosemite Museum Entry and Store
• Indian Village of Ahwahnee Interpretive Signage
• Lower Yosemite Fall Trail Orientation, Wayfinding and Interpretation • Park-Wide Orientation and Wayside Exhibits
• Yosemite Valley Lodge Planning and Orientation
• Curry Village Parking Planning
• Yosemite Village Parking Planning, Orientation and Wayfinding • Tunnel View Interpretive Signage & Exhibits
• Olmstead Point Interpretive Signage & Exhibits
• Half Dome Overlook Interpretive Signage & Exhibits
• Happy Isles Nature Center Exhibits and Waysides
• Yosemite Valley Wilderness Center Exhibits
Marin County Parks
LSA worked with park planners to develop a park-wide signage system for orientation at open space trailheads, trail markers, regulatory signage, and special identity signage.

Planning efforts included the design of new entries and gates to open space properties and county parks.

Leslie Stone Associates learning landscapes | exhibit design | environmental graphics RESUME FOR LESLIE STONE 3
Oakland Museum of California
Along with Caltrans planners, the MTA, and Oakland Museum staff and stakeholders, LSA helped to plan and develop exhibits that were on display at the Museum during the period of the opening and dedication of the Eastern Span of the Oakland/San Francisco Bay Bridge. The exhibits for the opening ceremonies at the “Sawtooth Building” at the toll plaza were the backdrop for the bridge celebrations, dedications and media events.

Golden Gate National Recreation Area
The National Park Service, Presidio Trust and Parks Conservancy staff worked with LSA to plan and develop exhibits and signage at various places in the park system including Muir Woods, Muir Beach, Hawk Hill, Crissy Field and Center, and the Korean War Memorial at the Presidio.

City of Malibu – Legacy Park
With RHAA Landscape Architects, LSA worked with the City of Malibu to plan and design interpretive installations in a 15-acre park to filter storm-water runoff to prevent further pollution of the Santa Monica Bay. Landscape elements include signage, murals, donor recognition, and dynamic larger-than-life mosaic animals representing six different habitats in the area.

Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties
LSA worked on several projects in the Santa Cruz County / Monterey County area.

Planning and design projects include:
• Monterey Bay Sanctuary Scenic Trail – planning, design standards manual, and interpretive planning with Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz State Parks, City of Santa Cruz, NOAA and other stakeholders.
• Carmel River Parkway - planning and design standards for orientation, interpretive signage, and trail identity with the Big Sur Land Trust and Monterey County Parks
• Memorial to David Packard – installation design with the Monterey Parks Dept, Monterey Aquarium and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. • Harbor Beach Plaza - planning and design of in-ground interpretive and seating elements along with Santa Cruz Port District, Port Commissioners, and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
• East Cliff Drive Parkway – planning and design of Pleasure Point Park interpretive seating with the City of Santa Cruz and NOAA
• Wilder Ranch State Park – planning and design of exhibits in an interpretive center with Santa Cruz State Parks and the Friends of Santa Cruz State Parks.

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
1 / 3
Q1
Contact Information / Información del contacto
First and Last Name / Nombre y Apellido Matthew Landry
Address / Dirección
City / Ciudad San Rafael
State / estado CA
ZIP/Postal Code / Código postal 94901
Email Address / Dirección de correo electrónico
Phone Number / Número de teléfono
Q2
What district do you currently live in?¿En qué distrito vive actualmente?
District 2/Western / Distrito 2/Oeste
Q3
How long have you lived in San Rafael?
9 years
Q4
Business Information
Respondent skipped this question
Q5
How did you hear about this vacant position?
City Manager's Newsletter,
Other (please specify):

Marin IJ
#98

COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Saturday, January 27, 2024 5:17:43 AM
Last Modified: Saturday, January 27, 2024 6:14:29 AM
Time Spent: 00:56:46
IP Address: 71.202.241.131

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
2 / 3
Q6
What Board would you like to apply to?¿A cuál te gustaría aplicar?
Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee,
Planning Commission
Q10
Do you participate in any civic activities? If so, what are they? Farmers markets, downtown San Rafael street fairs, Gerstle Park Porchfest Q11
List any civic organizations of which you are a member:

None
Q12
Education:

Bachelors of Electrical Engineering
Q13
Why are you interested in serving on a board or commission? I travel to many cities and countries for work, and every time I return to San Rafael, I am grateful for our community and its beautiful location. I’ve felt a desire for some time to contribute to its operations. My wife recently opened a small business on 4th St, and has been overwhelmed by the welcoming support of the nearby community. It’s the nudge I needed to make an effort to seek ways to participate in the future of our city.

Q14
Describe possible areas in which you may have a conflict of interest with the City:

None
Q15
Upload your resume.
202401%20-%20Resume-D-Matthew-Landry.pdf (116KB)

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
3 / 3
Q24
Ethnicity / Raza/etnia:

Q25
To which gender do you most identify?¿Con qué género se identifica más?
Q26
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?
D Matthew Landry
San Francisco Bay Area
linkedin.com/in/dmlandry
Summary
Inventive, business-minded technologist and product leader. Accomplishments driving hardware and software product development in IoT, artificial intelligence/machine learning, enterprise networking, bioinformatics, medical electronics, and semiconductors.

Specializes in articulating market trends and building teams to execute on new opportunities. Drives all aspects of product: from customer discovery and solution architecture to pitching key customers, forming partnerships, and iterating the portfolio.

Experience
VP Product Management, Cisco Wireless
Cisco
2022 - Present (2 years)
VP Product Management, Meraki Networking
Cisco Meraki
2021 - Present (3 years)
SVP Product Management
SES-imagotag
2019 - 2020 (1 year)
Co-founder & CEO
Argosy Labs (acq.)
2019 - 2019 (less than a year)
VP Product Management
Sama
2018 - 2019 (1 year)
Sama delivers the highest quality training data labeling, image annotation, and data validation services for AI/ML development. Sama trains and employs a dedicated workforce, primarily in regions of deep poverty to have the greatest social impact. Clients include startups and Fortune 100 companies in autonomous driving, aerial drones, satellite mapping, augmented reality, and more.

Lead the Product Management team, responsible for proprietary image annotation technology platform for computer vision algorithm training data; quality management and sampling pipelines; workforce management tools to streamline operations planning; machine learning algorithms to augment the D Matthew Landry - page 1
human workforce; and exploring new product and partnership opportunities in artificial intelligence and adjacent markets.

Dir Product Management
Plume Design, Inc
2017 - 2018 (1 year)
Plume is a cloud-managed, mobile-app driven residential Wi-Fi company.

Responsible for direct-to-consumer Wi-Fi business and mobile app development for iOS and Android.

Dir Product Management, Wireless
Cisco Meraki
2014 - 2017 (3 years)
CTO & VP Strategy
Geneious
2010 - 2014 (4 years)
Biomatters develops highly integrated, visually intuitive bioinformatics software. The Geneious desktop application enhances biologist productivity at over 3,000 research institutes globally.

Responsible for operational planning, product management and roadmapping, technology partnerships, and new business strategy and execution.

VP Engineering & Co-founder
Audiotoniq, Inc.
2009 - 2010 (1 year)
Audiotoniq invented the world’s first Bluetooth-integrated hearing aids, combining cutting-edge signal processing technologies with an expert smartphone control system.

Chief Editor
IEEE 802.3at Task Force (PoE+)
2005 - 2009 (4 years)
Product Marketing Manager
Silicon Labs
2004 - 2009 (5 years)
Lead design engineer then product manager for Power over Ethernet (PoE) product line.

Analog Design Engineer
Celite Systems Inc.
2002 - 2003 (1 year)
Education
D Matthew Landry - page 2
University of Florida
BSc (Honors), Electrical Engineering, spec. in Comp Sci & Engineering Skills
Start-ups   •   Product Development   •   Product Management   •   Telecommunications   •   Semiconductors   • Business Development   •   Electronics   •   Business Strategy   •   Product Marketing   •   Entrepreneurship D Matthew Landry - page 3
Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
1 / 4
Q1
Contact Information / Información del contacto
First and Last Name / Nombre y Apellido Robert Sandoval Address / Dirección
City / Ciudad San Rafael
State / estado CA
ZIP/Postal Code / Código postal 94901
Email Address / Dirección de correo electrónico
Phone Number / Número de teléfono
Q2
What district do you currently live in?¿En qué distrito vive actualmente?
District 3/Eastern / Distrito 3/Este
Q3
How long have you lived in San Rafael?
almost 5 years
Q4
Business Information
Company Payward Inc., dba Kraken Digital Asset Exchange Address
City/Town Cheyenne, WY
ZIP/Postal Code 82001
#147

COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Tuesday, September 17, 2024 7:39:58 PM
Last Modified: Tuesday, September 17, 2024 8:50:56 PM
Time Spent: 01:10:57
IP Address: 98.42.236.63

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
2 / 4
Q5
How did you hear about this vacant position?
City Council Agenda,
Social Media,
Community Center/Library,
City Manager's Newsletter,
Friend
Q6
What Board would you like to apply to?¿A cuál te gustaría aplicar?
Park and Recreation Commission,
Planning Commission
Q18
Do you participate in any civic activities? If so, what are they? Yes, I have participated in civic activities in local government, nonprofits, and through my legal profession.

Government:
• Vice Chair, Park and Recreation Commission
o Alternate, Master Plan Steering Committee
• Public Art Review Board
Nonprofits:
• Board Member, Point San Pedro Road Coalition
o Chair, Roadway Committee
• Member, Association of Latino Marin Attorneys
• (former) 2017-2021 Director, San Francisco La Raza Lawyers Association • (former) 2017-2019 Board Member, Aim High Young Leaders Board Law Pro Bono:
• Represented victims of civil rights abuse
• Represented victims of domestic violence
Q19
List any civic organizations of which you are a member:

Point San Pedro Road Coalition
Association of Latino Marin Attorneys
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Marin

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
3 / 4
Q20
Education:

BA Politics and Economics, Occidental College
JD, University of Chicago Law School
Q21
Why are you interested in serving on a board or commission? I am a husband and father of two young kids, and I feel so privileged that San Rafael is my home. Raising a family here, it is more important to me than ever that the City continues to prosper and be a safe, welcoming, and diverse place. I am interested in serving on the Planning Commission because I want to help the City Council address critical upcoming property development issues that will shape our future. I am also/alternatively interested in continuing to serve on the Park & Recreation Commission because I would like to keep building on our recent successes and improving our parks and facilities consistent with our Master Plan and the City’s General Plan.

In my current role as in-house legal counsel for a tech company, I've honed my analytical and problem-solving skills. I advise our executives on how to navigate complex issues and find creative solutions to problems. I also have experience working on high-stakes matters with multiple stakeholders, resolving conflicts and building consensus. These skills lend themselves to serving on Commissions—like the Planning Commission—which hears hotly contested issues in our City like the Northgate Mall Redevelopment Project and others.

As the current Vice Chair of the Park & Recreation Commission, I've also developed valuable experience with community engagement, project analysis, and generally how to compliantly and efficiently carry out Board meetings for the benefit of the public. I previously served as an alternate on the Citywide Park and Recreation Master Plan Steering Committee, which assessed infrastructure, prioritized new projects and funding allocations, and created a roadmap and vision for the future of our Park and Recreation Department. I am proud of the work our Parks Department has done: like providing new playgrounds for the next generation of families starting in San Rafael; and the Pickleweed Park Enhancement Project, which was years in the making. I’ve had the pleasure of connecting with residents, learning about their issues and concerns directly, fostering inclusive dialogue, and promoting our parks and facilities to improve the lives of those in our community.

If selected for the privilege of serving on the Planning Commission or Park & Recreation Commission, my priorities will remain focused on open communication, transparency, and ensuring that our planning and development processes reflect the needs and values of our community. I also will prioritize fostering economic development, protecting our beautiful parks and open spaces for the benefit of local businesses and residents, and safeguarding property values and our quality of life.

I hope to continue to contribute to San Rafael's success on either the Planning Commission or Park & Recreation Commission. Thank you for your consideration.

Q22
Describe possible areas in which you may have a conflict of interest with the City:

I do not have a conflict.

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
4 / 4
Q23
Upload your resume.

Robert%20Sandoval%20Resume.pdf (139.2KB)
Q24
Ethnicity / Raza/etnia:

Q25
To which gender do you most identify?¿Con qué género se identifica más?
Q26
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?

Robert Sandoval
www.linkedin.com/in/rssandoval •

EDUCATION
The University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Juris Doctor, June 2016
Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA
Cert., Summer Institute of General Management, Summer 2013 Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, Majors: Politics, Economics; Minor: Classical Studies, May 2013

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Kraken, San Francisco, CA
Legal Counsel, 2023 – Present
• Advise business executives, product, compliance, and other teams on a wide variety of commercial legal issues, employee and HR disputes, client and business litigation, and financial regulatory issues Morrison & Foerster LLP, San Francisco, CA
Senior Associate, Litigation, 2019 – 2023
• Advise a range of business and tech companies on contractual disputes, complex class actions, and consumer and privacy regulatory compliance
• Lead teams in litigation as the senior associate coordinating case strategy and executing client goals Secondment: Meta, Lead Counsel, Product - News Feed, May 2021 – February 2022 o Counseled News Feed product and cross-functional teams on consumer and privacy law issues UC Hastings College of the Law, San Francisco, CA
Adjunct Professor, Fall 2021
• Taught Legal Research and Writing to first year law students United States District Court, Northern District of California, San Francisco, CA Judicial Law Clerk to The Hon. William H. Orrick and The Hon. Richard Seeborg, 2018 – 2019 • Managed dockets for two Judges simultaneously across many areas of law, including commercial disputes, product class actions, privacy, securities, and cryptocurrency California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General, San Francisco, CA Honors Deputy Attorney General, Civil Division, 2016 – 2018 • Represented California employees, agencies, and departments in all aspects of civil litigation • Received the Attorney General’s Team Award for contributions to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Litigation.

VOLUNTEER AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
San Rafael Park & Recreation Commission, San Rafael, CA Vice Chair, Commissioner, 2020-Present
Master Plan Steering Committee, 2021-2023
San Rafael Public Art Review Board, San Rafael, CA
Member, 2022-Present
Point San Pedro Road Coalition, San Rafael, CA
Board Member, 2024-Present
Chair, Roadway Committee, 2023-Present
San Francisco La Raza Lawyers’ Association, San Francisco, CA Board of Directors, 2017-2021
Aim High, San Francisco, CA
Young Leaders Board Member, 2017-19
Minutes subject to approval at the October 7, 2024 meeting

MINUTES
SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL - MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 2024
REGULAR MEETING AT 6:00 P.M.

San Rafael City Hall, Council Chambers
1400 Fifth Avenue, San Rafael, CA 94901
Watch Online:

Watch on Zoom Webinar: https://tinyurl.com/cc-2024-09-16 Watch on YouTube: www.youtube.com/cityofsanrafael
Listen by phone: (669) 444-9171
ID: 860-6190-5675#
One Tap Mobile: +16694449171,,86061905675# US
This meeting will be held in-person. This meeting is being streamed to YouTube at www.youtube.com/cityofsanrafael.

How to participate in the meeting:
• You are welcome to come to the meeting and provide public comment in person. Each speaker will have 2-minutes to provide public comment per agenda item. • Submit your comments by email to [email protected] by 4:00 p.m. the day of the meeting.

If you experience technical difficulties during the meeting, please contact [email protected].

OPEN SESSION – THIRD FLOOR CONFERENCE ROOM – 5:00 P.M.

1. Mayor Kate announced Closed Session items.

CLOSED SESSION – THIRD FLOOR CONFERENCE ROOM – 5:00 P.M.

2. Closed Session:
a. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL – EXISTING LITIGATION
Paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Government Code Section 54956.9: 1 Case

1. Rivera v. City of San Rafael (U.S. District Court, N.D. Cal., Case No. 24-cv-05239-YGR)

Present: Vice Mayor Hill
Councilmember Kertz
Councilmember Llorens Gulati
Mayor Kate

Absent: Councilmember Bushey
Also Present: City Manager Cristine Alilovich
2 City Attorney Robert Epstein
City Clerk Lindsay Lara
Mayor Kate called the meeting to order at 6:03 p.m. and invited City Clerk Lindsay Lara to call the roll. Councilmember Bushey was absent.

City Attorney Robert Epstein announced that no reportable action was taken in Closed Session held before the meeting, as well as, in the Closed Session held after the regular meeting on September 3rd.

Mayor Kate provided opening remarks which included gratitude to City Staff, an announcement of the Employee of the 2nd Quarter (Tyler Nord, Public Works), gratitude to Chief Spiller and the Police Department who helped ensure a safe celebration for the Guatemalan Independence Day event held at the Civic Center and a land acknowledgment.

City Clerk Lindsay Lara informed the community that the in-person meeting would also be recorded and streamed live to YouTube and through Zoom. She noted the two-minute timer for public comment and closed captioning on Zoom.

CITY MANAGER AND COUNCILMEMBER REPORTS:
(including AB 1234 Reports on Meetings and Conferences Attended at City Expense)

3. City Manager and Councilmember Reports:

City Manager Cristine Alilovich reported on:
• Appreciation to Chief Spiller and Captain Leon for their leadership at the Guatemalan Independence Day event
• New SMART pathway segment connecting SMART Civic Center station and McInnis Park • United Against Hate Week 2024
• Movie in the Park to be held Friday, September 20, Sun Valley Park, 6:00 – 9:15p.m. • Police Department to offer two speed safety and community lidar/radar classes, Wednesday September 18 (6-8pm) and Sunday September 22 (10am-noon), San Rafael Public Safety Center
• Coastal Cleanup Day to be held Saturday, September 21 at Shoreline Path behind Pickleweed Park, Shoreline Path near Target, in Canal near 101 Surf Sports and Loch Lomond Marina, 9a.m. to noon
• Hops & Vines Stroll to be held Saturday September 21, downtown, 2-6p.m. • 2nd Sea Level Rise community meeting to held Saturday, September 28, Al Boro Community Center, 2-4p.m.
• Transportation Authority of Marin and Caltrans to host a scoping community meeting (on improving traffic flow connectivity and safety), to be held Tuesday, October 1, Marin Health and Wellness Campus, 5:30-7:30p.m.
• Homelessness Update community meeting to be held Thursday, October 3, virtual format, 6-7:30p.m.

City Councilmember Reports:
• Vice Mayor Hill reported on a Finance Subcommittee meeting, Al Boro’s funeral service, PorchFest in Gerstle Park and the Bret Harte Picnic in Bret Harte Park. • Councilmember Kertz reported on Al Boro’s funeral, a City Schools meeting, a Marin Wildfire Prevention Authority (MWPA) executive board meeting (and an upcoming board meeting for MWPA), Ember Stomp, her appointment to the special committee on youth and eBike safety for the County, PorchFest and a Seeds of Hope event. • Councilmember Llorens Gulati reported on the Safe Routes to Schools quarterly 3 meeting, the Fire Station 54 Open House and the Station’s 9/11 remembrance monument dedication, Great Communities Collaborative (GCC), El Salvador Independence Day, the Bret Harte Picnic and a tour of the new Canal Alliance building. • Mayor Kate reported on Transportation Authority of Marin (TAM), the Canal Alliance ribbon-cutting, Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC), Bay Adapt Local Electeds Task Force, the Chamber of Commerce’s Business Showcase, PorchFest, 2nd Friday Art Walk, and Al Boro’s Funeral Service.

Mayor Kate invited public comment.

Speaker: Shinji Sakai-Egi
CONSENT CALENDAR:

Mayor Kate invited public comment; however, there was none.

Councilmember Llorens Gulati moved and Vice Mayor Hill seconded to approve the Consent Calendar.

4. Consent Calendar Items:
a. Approval of Minutes
Approve the Regular City Council Meeting Minutes of September 3, 2024 (CC) Approved as submitted
b. Smoking Ordinance Amendment
Final Adoption of Ordinance No. 2042: An Ordinance Amending Chapter 9, Section

9.04.120 of the San Rafael Municipal Code to Allow for a Civil Right of Action for Violations of the City’s Smoking Ordinance (CC)
Final Adoption of Ordinance No. 2042
c. Designation of Voting Delegate for the League of California Cities Annual Conference & Expo
Designation of Councilmember Maika Llorens Gulati as Voting Delegate for the 2024 League of California Cities Annual Conference & Expo in Long Beach – October 16-18, 2024 (CC)
Designated Councilmember Maika Llorens Gulati as the City of San Rafael’s voting delegate for the League of California Cities Annual Conference General Assembly in Long Beach from October 16-18, 2024
d. Surplus Vehicle Sale
Declare Listed Vehicles and Equipment as Surplus Property and Authorize the City Manager to Sell, Donate or Dispose of Vehicles (CM)
Declared the vehicles and equipment listed in the staff report as surplus and authorized the City Manager to sell, donate, or dispose of said vehicles as deemed necessary e. Downtown Library Renovation Project
Approve Plans, Authorize and Award Agreements for the Construction of the Downtown Library Renovation Project (PW)
4 a. Approved the plans and specifications for the Downtown Library Renovation Project (also referred to as “City Project No. 11439” and “the Project”), deemed reasonable by the City Engineer, on file in the Department of Public Works.
b. Awarded the construction agreement (the “Construction Agreement”) for the Project to Unger Construction, Co., authorized the City manager to execute the Construction Agreement in the amount of $1,825,000, and authorized the City Manager to amend the contract amount using contingency funds of $275,000, for a total of $2,100,000 for the Project. c. Authorized the City Manager to enter into a Professional Services Agreement with Unico Engineering for construction management and inspection in the amount not to exceed $210,536.82.
f. Canal Active Transportation Experience Improvements Project Funding Agreement Resolution Approving and Authorizing the City Manager to Execute a Program Supplement Agreement with Caltrans to Receive State Funds (PW)
Resolution 15344 - Resolution Approving and Authorizing the City Manager to Execute a Program Supplement Agreement with Caltrans to Receive State Funds AYES: Councilmembers: Hill, Kertz, Llorens Gulati & Mayor Kate NOES: Councilmembers: None
ABSENT: Councilmembers: Bushey

SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS

5. Special Presentations:

Mayor Kate invited public comment; however, there was none. a. Proclamation in Recognition of United Against Hate Week 2024 and Support for Not In Our Town
Councilmember Kertz presented the Proclamation to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Belonging (DEIB) Committee member Damien Oyobio who provided comments. b. Youth Art Exhibit in City Hall - 'Our Resilient Community' an Exhibit on Sea Level Rise Assistant Director of Library and Recreation Craig Veramay provided comments and introduced Shirl Buss, UC Berkeley’s Y-Plan, Karen Madden, Adult Advisor at Terra Linda High School MarinSEL program, and Kate Hagemann, Climate Adaptation and Resilience Planner to introduce the project.

Mayor Kate called a recess at 6:46 p.m.

Mayor Kate called the meeting back to order at 6:58 p.m.

PUBLIC HEARINGS

6. Public Hearings:
a. Proposed Update to Master Fee Schedule
Resolution Authorizing an Update to the City’s Master Fee Schedule (Fin) 5 Finance Director Paul Navazio presented the Staff Report.

Staff responded to questions from the City Council.

Mayor Kate invited public comment.

Speaker: Al Vetere
Staff responded to questions raised during public comment.

Councilmembers provided comments.

Councilmember Kertz moved and Vice Mayor Hill seconded to adopt the resolution authorizing an update to the City’s Master Fee Schedule.

AYES: Councilmembers: Hill, Kertz, Llorens Gulati & Mayor Kate NOES: Councilmembers: None
ABSENT: Councilmembers: Bushey
Resolution 15345 - Resolution Authorizing an Update to the City’s Master Fee Schedule

OTHER AGENDA ITEMS

7. Other Agenda Items:
a. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reports and Climate Action Priorities Update Accept the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports for 2022 and the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 Two-Year Workplan Priorities Update (CM)
Sustainability Program Coordinator Cory Bytof presented the Staff Report along with Christine O’Rourke, Sustainability Coordinator of Marin Climate Energy.

Staff responded to questions from the City Council.

Mayor Kate invited public comment.

Speakers: Bill Carney, Sustainable San Rafael, Howard Schwartz, Sustainable San Rafael, Jack Wilkinson, Name Withheld, Shinji Sakai-Egi

Staff responded to questions raised during public comment.

Councilmembers provided comments.

Councilmember Llorens Gulati moved and Vice Mayor Hill seconded to accept the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports for 2022 and the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 Two-Year Workplan Priorities Update.

AYES: Councilmembers: Hill, Kertz, Llorens Gulati & Mayor Kate NOES: Councilmembers: None
ABSENT: Councilmembers: Bushey
Accepted the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports for 2022 and the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 TwoYear Workplan Priorities Update 6 OPEN TIME FOR PUBLIC EXPRESSION
• Al Vetere addressed the City Council regarding incentivizing renters to reduce their carbon footprint or their participation in recycling.
• Jack Wilkinson addressed the City Council regarding numbers on the parking meters and legibility of the meters.

ADJOURNMENT:

Mayor Kate adjourned the meeting at 8:59 p.m.
__________________________
LINDSAY LARA, City Clerk

APPROVED THIS _____DAY OF____________, 2024

_____________________________________
KATE COLIN, Mayor
____________________________________________________________________________________

FOR CITY CLERK ONLY
Council Meeting:

Disposition:

Agenda Item No: 2.b
Meeting Date: October 7, 2024

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Department: City Clerk
Prepared by: Lindsay Lara, City Clerk City Manager Approval: ___________ TOPIC: FIRE COMMISSION APPOINTMENT
SUBJECT: APPOINTMENT OF ALTERNATE MEMBER BRIAN WATERBURY TO A

REGULAR VOTING MEMBER ON THE FIRE COMMISSION THROUGH
THE END OF OCTOBER 2028 DUE TO THE EXPIRATION OF TERM OF

THOMAS WEATHERS
RECOMMENDATION:

Appoint Alternate Member Brian Waterbury to a Regular Voting Member on the Fire Commission through the End of October 2028 Due to the Expiration of Term of Thomas Weathers.

BACKGROUND:

The term of Thomas Weathers is set to expire at the end of October 2024. The City Clerk’s office recruited for applications and received one (1) application from the current Alternate Member to the Fire Commission, Brian Waterbury.

The Fire Commission contributes their experience and expertise to support the goals of the San Rafael Fire Department. In concert with the Fire Chief, the five members and two alternates collaborate on department-related initiatives, supporting the San Rafael Fire Foundation. Commissioners have also participated in public education and outreach activities, supported emergency preparedness efforts, and documented the Department's history. The activities of the Commission are varied based on the unique skills and perspectives of the individual members. Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month at 4:00 p.m. at the San Rafael Public Safety Center, 1375 Fifth Avenue, San Rafael, California 94901.

ANALYSIS:

The City Clerk’s office recruited for the Fire Commission vacancy and received one (1) application. Staff recommends the City Council appoint Brian Waterbury effective immediately, to the end of October 2028.

FISCAL IMPACT: There is no fiscal impact associated with this item.

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 2
COMMUNITY OUTREACH:

The call for applications for the Fire Commission was advertised through mass email notification, the City website, social media platforms, Marin IJ, and physically posted at City facilities.

ATTACHMENT:

1. One (1) Application

2. Bylaws
Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
1 / 3
Q1
Contact Information / Información del contacto
First and Last Name / Nombre y Apellido Brian J Waterbury Address / Dirección
City / Ciudad San Rafael
State / estado California
ZIP/Postal Code / Código postal 94901
Email Address / Dirección de correo electrónico
Phone Number / Número de teléfono
Q2
What district do you currently live in?¿En qué distrito vive actualmente?
District 2/Western / Distrito 2/Oeste
Q3
How long have you lived in San Rafael?
63 Years
Q4
Business Information
Company Retired San Rafael Fire Department
Q5
How did you hear about this vacant position?
Other (please specify):

Currently serve as alternate Commission member.
#85

COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Monday, August 19, 2024 7:25:25 PM
Last Modified: Monday, August 19, 2024 7:45:56 PM
Time Spent: 00:20:30
IP Address: 54.241.187.180

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
2 / 3
Q6
What Board would you like to apply to?¿A cuál te gustaría aplicar?
Fire Commission
Q18
Do you participate in any civic activities? If so, what are they? Rotary Club of Terra Linda, Past President. San Rafael Elks Lodge 1108, Lodge Mediator. San Rafael Fire Commission, Alternate Member.

Q19
List any civic organizations of which you are a member:

Rotary Club of Terra Linda. San Rafael Elks Lodge 1108. San Rafael Fire Commission.

Q20
Education:

Bachelors of Public Administration, University of San Francisco.

Q21
Why are you interested in serving on a board or commission? Seeking permanent position on San Rafael Fire Commission of which I am currently a member of. My experience of 32 years in the San Rafael Fire Department brings experience and history to the Fire Commission.

Q22
Describe possible areas in which you may have a conflict of interest with the City:

Past Workers Comp Claim.

Q23
Upload your resume.

Respondent skipped this question

Boards, Commissions & Committees Application
3 / 3
Q24
Ethnicity / Raza/etnia:

Q25
To which gender do you most identify?¿Con qué género se identifica más?
Q26
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?
Fire Commission Bylaws

FIRE COMMISSION BYLAWS
ARTICLE I. NAME AND PURPOSE
Section 1.1. Name. The name of this body shall be the City of San Rafael Fire Commission, hereinafter referred to as the “Commission.” Section 1.2. Purpose. The purpose of the Fire Commission is to advise and support the goals and objectives of the San Rafael Fire Department as articulated by the Fire Chief.

Section 1.3. Commission Responsibility. The Commission’s authority is advisory only. The Fire Commission has no power to act on behalf of the City of San Rafael or any other entity.

Subject to the direction and control of the city council, as provided in Section 2.04.030 of the San Rafael Municipal Code, the powers and duties of the Fire Commission shall be:

1. To review and recommend concerning the future needs of the fire department in respect to long-range capital needs, including buildings, training facilities, and water mains and hydrant replacements;

2. To review the relationship of the fire department with other governmental agencies and private entities concerning topics which the commission feels present a true and pressing need for the city's fire service, i.e., mutual aid and the fire rating system of the Independent Insurance Office;

3. To recommend to the fire chief and the city council action concerning initial adoption and future amendments to the fire prevention code, the building code, and other such ordinances which pertain to the prevention of fires within the community;

4. To receive monthly reports from the department head concerning the general operations and functions of the department;

5. To perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the city council.

ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP
Section 2.1. Number of Members. The Commission shall consist of five (5) members, one of which may be a Councilmember. The City Council has the authority to appoint alternates as needed. The Chief of the fire department shall be an ex officio member of the Commission but shall not be entitled to vote as a member of the Commission.

Section 2.2. Eligibility. Commissioners shall be residents of the city of San Rafael.

Fire Commission Bylaws

Section 2.3. Appointment of Commissioners. Commissioners shall be appointed by the City Council. Appointments shall be published on the website for the City of San Rafael in accordance with Government Code Section 54973, as amended from time to time.

Section 2.4. Terms of Appointment. Each Commissioner shall serve a term of four (4) years. An effort will be made to ensure that the terms are staggered, and not all of the appointments expire in the same year.

Section 2.5. Term Limits. Commissioners shall be limited to two (2) consecutive fouryear terms. Additional terms may be served if there is a break between terms.

Section 2.6. Absence and Removal. An unexcused absence from two (2) consecutive Commission meetings without notification to the Staff Liaison shall be considered a voluntary resignation from the Commission. Previously dismissed Commissioners may be eligible for reappointment to the Commission. Commissioners shall be subject to removal by the affirmative vote of three members of the city council.

Section 2.7. Compensation. Commissioners serve without compensation.

ARTICLE III. MEETINGS
Section 3.1. Time and date of Regular Meeting. Notification of meeting place, date, and time shall be rendered to the public through posting on the City of San Rafael website.

The Commission shall meet once per month, unless there is no business to conduct, and shall be scheduled annually. The schedule for the upcoming year will be set by December of the previous year.

City of San Rafael
Proclamation in Recognition of
Support of Cybersecurity Awareness Month
WHEREAS, the City of San Rafael recognizes that it plays a vital role in identifying, protecting its residents from, and responding to cybersecurity threats that may have significant impact to our individual and collective safety and privacy; and
WHEREAS, critical infrastructure (i.e., financial services, educational institutions, energy, telecommunications, transportation, utilities, health care, and emergency response systems, etc.) is increasingly reliant on the support of information systems and technology; and
WHEREAS, cybersecurity education and awareness are crucial for everyone, including small businesses, financial institutions, schools, government agencies, nonprofit organizations, home users, and anyone who connects to the internet, be it with a computer, mobile phone, or other internet-connected device; and
WHEREAS, monitoring your accounts, being conscientious of what you share online, keeping computer software up to date, creating unique passwords and changing them regularly, installing antivirus programs and firewalls, and using mobile devices and other internet-connected devices safely, are ways people and organizations can protect themselves from phishing, viruses, ransomware, other types of malware, financial loss, and loss of sensitive data; and
WHEREAS, the Mayor and City Council are dedicated to the implementation and success of Cybersecurity Awareness Month, to help the community of San Rafael stay safe online and connect with confidence; and NOW, THEREFORE, WE, the Mayor and City Council of San Rafael, do hereby proclaim the Month of October 2024,
Cybersecurity Awareness Month

_______________________
Kate Colin
Mayor
City of San Rafael
In Recognition of
Fire Prevention Week 2024
WHEREAS, Historically, one week every October is known as Fire Prevention Week and is intended to help raise awareness to the risks of various types of fires; and WHEREAS, fire is a serious public safety concern both locally and nationally, and homes are the locations where people are at greatest risk from fire; and WHEREAS, Fire Prevention Week was started by the National Fire Protection Association in 1922 to commemorate the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 that killed over 300 residents and destroyed over 17,000 buildings; and
WHEREAS, roughly three out of five fire deaths happen in homes with either no smoke alarms or with no working smoke alarms; and
WHEREAS, home fires killed more than 2,700 people in the United States in 2022, according to the National Fire Protection Association® (NFPA®), and fire departments in the United States responded to 360,000 home fires; and
WHEREAS, the San Rafael Fire Department is dedicated to reducing the occurrence of home fires and home fire injuries through prevention and protection education; and; and WHEREAS, this year’s fire prevention theme is, Smoke alarms: Make them work for you! The goal of this year's campaign strives to educate everyone about the importance of having working smoke alarms in the home.; and
WHEREAS, smoke alarms are the single most important safety device that, when installed in the correct locations and properly maintained, alerts home occupants to a fire and provides the time needed to safely exit the home.

WHEREAS, working smoke alarms cut the risk of dying in reported home fires almost in half; and WHEREAS, residents should install smoke alarms in every sleeping room, outside each separate sleeping area, and on every level of the home; and
WHEREAS, residents should make their smoke alarms meet the needs of all their family members, including those with sensory or physical disabilities; and WHEREAS, residents should test smoke alarms at least once a month.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Kate Colin, Mayor of San Rafael, do hereby proclaim the week of October 6 through October 12, 2024, as Fire Prevention Week and in doing so, urge all residents and community members to ensure that they have smoke detectors that are correctly located and properly maintained in the home. _____________________
Kate Colin
Mayor
____________________________________________________________________________________

FOR CITY CLERK ONLY
Council Meeting:

Disposition:

Agenda Item No: 2.d
Meeting Date: October 7, 2024

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
Department: Digital Service & Open Government
Prepared by: Sean Mooney, Director City Manager Approval: ______________ TOPIC: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES AGREEMENT RENEWAL SUBJECT: AUTHORIZE THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE AN AGREEMENT WITH ADDENDUM WITH XANTRION, INC., FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES FROM NOVEMBER 1, 2024, THROUGH OCTOBER 31, 2025, IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $1,166,700
RECOMMENDATION:

Authorize the City Manager to execute an agreement with addendum with Xantrion, Inc., for information technology services from November 1, 2024, through October 31, 2025, in an amount not to exceed $1,166,700.

BACKGROUND:

In May 2019, the Department of Digital Service and Open Government published a Request for Proposals for a managed-service provider to address the City’s information technology systems and assembled an evaluation team with representatives from the Police, Fire, Library & Recreation, and Public Works departments. The City received eight proposals. At the end of the evaluation process, Xantrion (from Oakland, CA) was selected as the preferred vendor to partner with the City by providing the following services:
• Technical support (“help desk”)
• Network, server, and database administration
• Equipment purchasing
• User account management
• Data backup and recovery
• Network monitoring and security
The City entered into an agreement with Xantrion in October 2019 for managed information technology services across all City departments. The City Council has approved renewing that one-year agreement for the past four years in October 2020, October 2021, October 2022, and October 2023, respectively.

In the past five years, Xantrion has helped the City improve cybersecurity, supported network projects and citywide network resilience, streamlined day-to-day tech support, improved customer service, and standardized user management and purchasing. As of August 31, 2024, Xantrion has resolved 3,579 processed support tickets since November 1, 2023 (an increase of 13.33% from that same period last SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 2
year). Xantrion continues to offer the City a high-quality level of service with an average acknowledgment time for incoming tickets of 4.11 minutes and a median acknowledgment time of two minutes. The average resolution time for a ticket is 5.91 hours, and the median resolution time for tickets this year is

1.20 hours.

Over the last year, Xantrion has completed the following IT projects:
• Proactive computer replacement – Replaced 70 end-of-life computers and worked with staff to migrate their software, files, and settings to the new systems. • Completed outstanding Office 365 Teams/SharePoint Migrations – Partnered with Digital Service to migrate all Departments from network drives to Teams/SharePoint environments. • Migrated the A&C Street garages to city-owned fiber network – This infrastructure project allows the A & C Street garages to leverage city-owned fiber optics that connect to the Public Safety Center for network connectivity, increasing bandwidth, adding redundancy, and providing enough network capacity to install new surveillance cameras. • Configured Single Sign On for cloud systems – Streamlined staff access and improved security by relying on the City’s identity and access management system, including multi-factor authentication (MFA), for the following applications:
o Axios – Email marketing
o PSD Citywide – Asset Management
o Tyler Munis – Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
o Velocity EHS - Environmental, Health and Safety Management program • Retired Police Department Mobile firewalls – Replaced two firewalls that were nearing the end of their life and moved functionality to more robust networking equipment owned by the City. The team also configured failover Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnels to Verizon to ensure redundancy for Police Department mobile devices, which allow patrol cars to connect to the RIMS computer-aided dispatch system.
• Migrated SRPD iPhones to iRIMS 6 – Assisted SRPD with migrating iRIMS4 to iRIMS6 which required deploying a new VPN solution for iPhones to have a direct connection to the RIMS (computer aided dispatch) database server.
• Windows 2012 Server Upgrades – Worked with departments and vendors to migrate a line of business applications on 12 end-of-life servers to modern servers.

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 3
• Public Safety Network Redesign – Redesigned the network connectivity between SRPD IT resources and MIDAS/neighboring agencies for the City to take control of the network boundary between the various networks.
• Temporary Fourth Street Library – Deployed IT infrastructure that included internet service provider, networking equipment, WIFI, telephones, and relocated computers and printers. • Replaced switch stacks at City Hall and Morphew
• Created replacement plan for end-of-life wireless system – evaluated various options and cost estimates, and provided a recommendation.
• ERP cloud environment installation – Set up the cloud environment for the City’s Tyler MUNIS ERP project, including configuring of single sign-on for user accounts. • Teams Phone Migration (in progress) – Migrating the City’s end-of-life on-premises phone system to a VOIP cloud solution using Microsoft Teams Phone. Working with departments and vendors to verify numbers, users, call queues, auto attendants, etc., are successfully migrated over.

ANALYSIS:

The November 1, 2023 – October 31, 2024, agreement with Xantrion cost $1,131,000. Xantrion has proposed a 3.16% per-user increase in monthly costs to accommodate increases in operational costs to compensate for consumer price index inflation increases. Additional monthly costs included in our agreement include monthly backup of city data and hosting of our Security Event and Information Management (SEIM) system, which assists in detecting, analyzing, and responding to potential security threats.

The only changes to this agreement include:
• Updating the total monthly recurring costs to reflect the new total. • Updating rates of services outside of scope to reflect current hourly costs. • Updating the cost and service detail table to reflect the new contract cost.

The agreement includes Xantrion’s cybersecurity insurance coverage, which was reduced last year from $10,000,000 to $5,000,000 due to increased insurance rates, and Xantrion’s goal is to better align with industry practices. The City carries $5,000,000 in cybersecurity liability coverage as part of its insurance coverage with the California Joint Powers Risk Management Authority (CJPRMA). Xantrion’s total liability coverage is consistent with the amount approved by the City Council last year and does not impact the City’s cybersecurity insurance coverage.

The proposed renewal is for one year, beginning November 1, 2024, and ending October 31, 2025.

Xantrion’s price for service remains competitive, and their service level and customer satisfaction with City staff remain high.
2023-24 2024-25
(3.16% per user increase)
Annual Cost $1,131,000 $ 1,166,700
FISCAL IMPACT:

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 4
The total amount of the proposed new agreement is $1,166,700. Funding to support this contract is provided within the approved FY 2024-25 budget through appropriations within the Technology Fund (fund 601).

OPTIONS:

The City Council has the following options to consider on this matter:

1. Authorize the City Manager to execute an agreement with an addendum with Xantrion, Inc., for information technology services from November 1, 2024, through October 31, 2025, in an amount not to exceed $1,166,700.

2. Direct staff to return with more information.

3. Take no action.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:

Authorize the City Manager to execute an agreement with addendum with Xantrion, Inc., for information technology services from November 1, 2024, through October 31, 2025, in an amount not to exceed $1,166,700.

ATTACHMENT:

1. Xantrion General Service Agreement and Addendum
866.926.8746 1 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

GENERAL SERVICE AGREEMENT
XANTRION INC.

AND

CITY OF SAN RAFAEL
866.926.8746 2 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Services ................................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1 Statement of Work........................................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Personnel ...................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Terms of Payment................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Services Fees; Equipment and Software Costs.............................................................................. 4

2.2 Overdue Payments........................................................................................................................ 5

2.3 Taxes ............................................................................................................................................. 5 3 Term, Termination................................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 Term.............................................................................................................................................. 5

3.2 Termination for Convenience........................................................................................................ 5

3.3 Termination for Cause................................................................................................................... 5

3.4 Effect of Termination .................................................................................................................... 6

3.5 Survival.......................................................................................................................................... 6 4 Equipment, Software and Supplies....................................................................................................... 6

4.1 Equipment; Software; Supplies..................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Limited Warranty .......................................................................................................................... 7 5 Independent Contractor Status............................................................................................................. 7 6 Non-Solicitation..................................................................................................................................... 7 7 Unauthorized Access to Data or Use of the Services............................................................................ 7 8 No Warranties; Limitations of Liability; Indemnification....................................................................... 8

8.1 No Warranties............................................................................................................................... 8

8.2 Limitation of Liability..................................................................................................................... 8

8.3 Indemnification ............................................................................................................................. 8 9 Confidentiality ....................................................................................................................................... 9

9.1 Definition....................................................................................................................................... 9

9.2 Confidentiality ............................................................................................................................... 9

9.3 Access to Systems ......................................................................................................................... 9 10 Compliance.......................................................................................................................................... 10

10.1 Protection of Personally Identifiable Information....................................................................... 10

10.2 Compliance with Laws Applicable to Client ................................................................................ 10

10.3 Compliance with Software Manufacturer’s Licensing and Allowed Usage Requirements.......... 11 11 Security Incident Response ................................................................................................................. 11

11.1 Obligations .................................................................................................................................. 11

11.2 Disclaimer.................................................................................................................................... 11 13 Other Insurance Provisions................................................................................................................. 12 14 Harassment Free Workplace; Nondiscrimination ............................................................................... 13 15 Miscellaneous...................................................................................................................................... 13

15.1 Notices ........................................................................................................................................ 13

15.2 Governing Law............................................................................................................................. 13

15.3 Remedies..................................................................................................................................... 13

15.4 Dispute Resolution; Attorney’s Fees........................................................................................... 13

15.5 Force Majeure............................................................................................................................. 15 866.926.8746 3 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

15.6 Headings...................................................................................................................................... 15

15.7 Severability.................................................................................................................................. 15

15.8 No Waiver ................................................................................................................................... 15

15.9 No Assignment............................................................................................................................ 15

15.10 City Business License / Other Taxes ............................................................................................ 16

15.11 Entire Agreement; Modification.................................................................................................. 16 16 Counterparts ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Exhibit A -Addendum To The General Service Agreement Information Technology Services 19 866.926.8746 4 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

GENERAL SERVICE AGREEMENT
This General Service Agreement, including any attachments referenced herein and made a part hereof (this “Agreement”), is entered into as of November 1, 2024(the “Effective Date”), by and between Xantrion, Inc., a California corporation (“Xantrion”), with offices at 651 20th Street, First Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, and City of San Rafael with offices at 1400 Fifth Avenue, San Rafael, CA 94901 (“Client”). 1 Services

1.1 Statement of Work
Xantrion shall provide the services (the “Services”) as described in the Addendum To The General Service Agreement Information Technology Services of even date herewith, attached as Exhibit A hereto and incorporated herein by reference ("Addendum"). The Services shall be performed and delivered in a workmanlike manner in accordance with generally recognized industry standards for computer consultants performing similar services.

1.2 Personnel
Xantrion, acting as an independent contractor, shall engage employees, consultants, or subcontractors (“Xantrion Personnel”) to provide the Services specifically outlined in the Addendum, and Xantrion shall be fully and directly responsible for all Xantrion Personnel. Xantrion shall (i) provide competent and qualified personnel to perform the Services; (ii) ensure that it complies with all laws, regulations, ordinances and licensing requirements; (iii) ensure Xantrion Personnel performing any Services on Client’s premises comply with any applicable Client guidelines as provided to Xantrion from time to time, including, but not limited to, any data security policies; and (iv) determine the method, detail, and means of performing the Services under this Agreement.
2 Terms of Payment

2.1 Services Fees; Equipment and Software Costs
Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties, payment for Services by Xantrion (“Service Fees”) rendered and any equipment, software, licenses, 3rd party services, hardware, parts and supplies (“Supplies”) shall be due within forty-five (45) days from the date of the applicable invoice provided by Xantrion to Client. If Xantrion does not receive payment within such forty-five (45) day-period, Xantrion shall have the option to suspend the Services without any liability until payment is received. 866.926.8746 5 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

2.2 Overdue Payments
Interest shall accrue on any delinquent amounts owed by Client to Xantrion at the rate of[0.8333% per month.

In the event of a good faith dispute related to the invoices submitted by Xantrion, Client shall notify Xantrion in writing setting forth the reasons of such dispute, and the parties shall cooperate to resolve such dispute.

2.3 Taxes
Client shall be responsible for any applicable sales or use taxes on any amounts payable by Client hereunder. 3 Term, Termination

3.1 Term
Unless sooner terminated, the term of this Agreement, and the applicable Services requested as set forth in the accompanying Addendum shall be for one (1) year commencing on the Effective Date ("Term") and shall continue during the Term unless this Agreement is otherwise terminated sooner in accordance with Section 3.2 or Section

3.3. During this Term, Xantrion shall not increase its fee rates over and above the rates charged on Services provided as of the Effective Date. New Services added during the Term may be charged at Xantrion’sthen-current rates. The termination of any Service shall not modify any Term of this Agreement. The termination of this Agreement shall immediately terminate any and all Services executed hereunder.

3.2 Termination for Convenience
Either party may terminate this Agreement or any applicable Service at any time without cause upon at least ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the other party. In the event that either party elects to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 3.2, Xantrion agrees to provide sufficient efforts and cooperation to ensure an orderly and efficient transition of Services to Client or another service provider, whichever Client elects, at Xantrion’s then-current time and materials rates.

3.3 Termination for Cause
Either party may terminate this Agreement or any applicable Service for Cause (as defined below) immediately upon written notice to the other party.

For purposes of this Agreement, “Cause” means: (i) Client’s failure to pay any amount due within thirty (30) days of the applicable due date; (ii) a party’s conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere to, any felony, or any other crime involving fraud, embezzlement, or act of moral turpitude; (iii) a party’s unauthorized use or disclosure of any Confidential Information or other proprietary information of the other party or any other 866.926.8746 6 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
party to whom the offending party owes an obligation of nondisclosure as a result of the parties’ relationship; (iv) a material breach of this Agreement by a party which is incapable of cure, or with respect to a material breach capable of cure, is not cured within thirty (30) days after receipt of written notice from the affected party of such breach; (v) a dissolution or liquidation of any party, or any corporate action taken by any party for such purpose; (vi) any party’s insolvency or admission of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due; or (vii) any party’s voluntary filing of a bankruptcy petition or general assignment for the benefit of creditors.

3.4 Effect of Termination
Upon termination of this Agreement, Xantrion shall not be obligated to provide any further Services to Client and Xantrion shall have the right to remove any equipment or other Supplies belonging to Xantrion which has been installed or placed at Client’s location for the performance of the Services hereunder. Client shall pay all outstanding invoices, as well as any invoices which may be submitted to Client following the date of termination for Services Fees or Supplies or costs incurred up to the date of termination, within ten (10) days of the date of termination or within thirty (30) days of the date of the invoice, whichever is later. Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason, each party shall (i) return to the other party or destroy all documents and tangible materials (and any copies) containing, reflecting, incorporating or based on the other party's Confidential Information, (ii) permanently erase all of the other party's Confidential Information from its computer systems, and (iii) if requested by the other party, provide written confirmation within ten (10) days of receiving such request that it has complied with the requirements of this section.

3.5 Survival.

The terms of Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 15 shall survive the termination of this Agreement. 4 Equipment, Software and Supplies

4.1 Equipment; Software; Supplies
Xantrion is not responsible for compatibility issues, project delays, or other problems with Supplies (i) provided by Client, (ii) purchased by Client through a third party, or (iii) manufactured by a third party and purchased by Client from Xantrion (collectively, “Third Party Products”) except if expressly recommended by Xantrion.

Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, in the event Xantrion installs a Third Party Product and such Third Party Product fails within ninety (90) days of installation, Xantrion will provide the labor to reinstall the product free of charge. 866.926.8746 7 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

4.2 Limited Warranty
Xantrion represents and warrants to Client that the Supplies, processes, and procedures employed, used, and operated by Xantrion in providing the Services will be sufficient to provide the Services at the levels of reliability represented in the description and definition of the Services.

Third Party Products purchased through Xantrion are warrantied by their respective manufacturers and any applicable manufacturer’s warranties will be passed through to the Client. Xantrion will only accept returns on such Third Party Products if they are defective and returned within thirty (30) days of Client’s receipt of such Third Party Product.
5 Independent Contractor Status
Client and Xantrion acknowledge and agree that: (i) Xantrion is an independent Contractor, (ii) the parties are not engaged in a joint venture, partnership, employment, or fiduciary relationship; and (iii) neither party is authorized to act as agent or incur any obligation on behalf of the other. 6 Non-Solicitation
Client acknowledges that Xantrion will recruit and train personnel to provide Services for Client under this Agreement, and that this is a costly and time-consuming endeavor. Client therefore agrees not to directly, or indirectly through a third party, solicit, induce, recruit for employment, or attempt to solicit, induce, or recruit for employment, any Xantrion personnel who has performed Services for Client under this Agreement to provide the same or similar services. Client shall comply with this obligation during the term of this Agreement, and for a period of twelve (12) consecutive months after termination. Client shall be relieved of its obligations under this provision if Client first pays Xantrion the sum of the actual cost of retaining and training individual personnel.

The Parties further agree that this amount shall be no less than $60,000 per individual personnel, which Client agrees accurately reflects the minimum reasonable value of Xantrion's time and costs with respect to recruiting and training personnel to work for Client. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Agreement, the parties retain all legal remedies, at law or equity, upon violation of this provision. 7 Unauthorized Access to Data or Use of the Services
Xantrion is not responsible to Client for unauthorized access to the electronic data of Client stored on Xantrion’s servers (“Client Data”) or the unauthorized use of the Services unless such unauthorized access or use results from Xantrion’s failure to meet its obligations described in the Agreement. Client is responsible for the use of the Services by any employee or consultant of Client, other than Xantrion, any person to whom Client has given access to the Client Data, and any person who gains access to the Client Data or Services as a result of Client’s failure to use reasonable security precautions, even if such use was not authorized by Client. 866.926.8746 8 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
8 No Warranties; Limitations of Liability; Indemnification

8.1 No Warranties
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 1.1 (SERVICES) AND SECTION 4.2 (LIMITED WARRANTY), XANTRION

EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, WITH REGARD TO

THE SERVICES PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND WITH REGARD TO ANY THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS, INCLUDING IN

EACH CASE ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY

OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ARISING FROM THE COURSE OF DEALING BETWEEN THE PARTIES OR USAGE OF TRADE. THESE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTY AND LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY CONSTITUTE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS AGREEMENT.

8.2 Limitation of Liability
IN NO EVENT WILL XANTRION, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, EQUITY OR OTHERWISE, BE LIABLE FOR: (I)

ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES (EVEN IF SUCH

DAMAGES ARE FORESEEABLE, AND WHETHER OR NOT EITHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY

OF SUCH DAMAGES AND NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED WARRANTY.); OR (II) COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, SUPPLIES, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA; OR (III) ANY DIRECT DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT,

TO THE EXTENT THAT THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF SUCH DAMAGES EXCEEDS THE AGGREGATE SERVICES FEES ACTUALLY PAID BY CLIENT HEREUNDER IN THE SIX (6) CALENDAR MONTHS BEFORE SUCH CLAIM AROSE;

PROVIDED THAT SUCH LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT EXTEND TO DIRECT DAMAGES INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE WILLFUL MISCONDUCT OF XANTRION OR ITS EMPLOYEES. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THE

LIMITATIONS IN THIS SECTION ARE INTEGRAL TO THE AMOUNT OF FEES CHARGED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS

AGREEMENT AND THAT, WERE XANTRION TO ASSUME ANY FURTHER LIABILITY, SUCH FEES WOULD OF NECESSITY HAVE BEEN SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER.

8.3 Indemnification
To the fullest extent permitted by law subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement,, Xantrion shall indemnify and hold harmless, and defend the Client, its officers, agents, employees and volunteers (collectively, the “Client Indemnitees”) from and against any and all suits, actions, legal proceedings, claims, demands, damages, losses and expenses which may be made by individuals or organizations, including, but not limited to attorneys' fees, expert fees and all other costs and fees of litigation (each a "Claim" and collectively the "Claims"), arising out of or resulting from the Xantrion's negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Services.

The acceptance or approval of Xantrion’s Services by Client or any of its directors, officers or employees shall not relieve or reduce Xantrion’s indemnification obligations. However, to the extent that any Claim arises from, relates to, or is in connection with, the negligence or willful misconduct of the Client Indemnitees, or any of them, then Xantrion's indemnification obligation and liability hereunder for the Claim shall be reduced in proportion to the Client Indemnitees’ total share of liability for the Claim as a result of the Client Indemnitees' negligence or willful misconduct.
866.926.8746 9 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
9 Confidentiality

9.1 Definition
The term “Confidential Information” as used in this Agreement shall mean any information disclosed, directly or indirectly, by a party (the “Discloser”) to the other party (the “Recipient”) that may reasonably be considered proprietary or confidential including, without limitation, the Discloser’s operational and business methods and practices, economic and financial information, know-how, recommendations, instructional methods, Client Data (as defined below), software and information systems, technical processes, products, product designs, machinery, research and development, intellectual property, and any material embodiments thereof.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Confidential Information” shall not include any information that (i) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of the Recipient’s breach of this agreement; (ii) is or becomes available to the Recipient on a non-confidential basis from a third-party source, provided that such third party is not and was not prohibited from disclosing such Confidential Information; (iii) was in Recipient’s possession prior to the Discloser’s disclosure hereunder; or (iv) was or is independently developed by Recipient without using any Confidential Information.

9.2 Confidentiality
The Recipient agrees to (i) take reasonable measures to protect and safeguard the confidentiality of, and avoid disclosure and unauthorized use of, the Discloser’s Confidential Information with at least the same degree of care as the Recipient would protect its own Confidential Information, but in no event with less than a commercially reasonable degree of care; (ii) not use the Discloser’s Confidential Information, or permit it to be accessed or used, for any purpose other than to exercise its rights or perform its obligations under this Agreement; and (iii) not disclose any such Confidential Information to any person or entity, except as required to assist the Recipient to exercise its rights or perform its obligations under this Agreement.

Disclosure of Confidential Information is not prohibited if such disclosure is compelled pursuant to a legal proceeding or is otherwise prescribed by law. If the Recipient receives a request to disclose any Confidential Information pursuant to the order or requirement of a court, administrative agency, or other governmental body, the Recipient, prior to disclosing any Confidential Information, and, except as may be prohibited by law, will notify the Discloser of such requirements to afford the Discloser the opportunity to seek a protective order or other remedy.

9.3 Access to Systems
Xantrion representatives and contractors, shall only access Client systems and data as is necessary to perform the Services agreed to. Client understands that Xantrion representatives may share access with other vendors 866.926.8746 10 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
to the limited extent required to perform the Services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, when access to criminal justice data orsystems is necessary to perform the Services, Xantrion agrees that its designated representatives will comply with Client’s requirements for access to such systems and information, including but not limited to fingerprinting and a satisfactory background check, as a precondition to being granted access to those systems or data.
10 Compliance
None of the Services or underlying information or technology may be downloaded, exported, or re-exported into any country to which the United States has embargoed goods, or to any individual or entity that has been denied export privileges by the U.S. Treasury Department or the U.S. Department of Commerce. By using the Services, Client is agreeing to the foregoing and Client is representing and warranting that Client is not a national resident of, or located in or under the control of, any country subject to such export controls.

10.1 Protection of Personally Identifiable Information
The parties agree to use commercially reasonable security precautions to protect Personally Identifiable Information, “PII”, (as hereafter defined) transmitted to or from, or stored at, Xantrion’s data centers. Client must comply with the laws applicable to Client’s use of the Services and with Xantrion’s policies and procedures, as may be amended. Client agrees to cooperate with Xantrion’s reasonable investigation of Service outages, security problems, and any suspected breach. For purposes of this Agreement, “PII” means (i) any information that identifies an individual, such as name, social security number or other government issued number, date of birth, address, telephone number, biometric data, mother's maiden name, or other personally identifiable information; (ii) any "non-public personal information" as that term is defined in the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act found at 15 USC Subchapter 1, § 6809(4), and (iii) any "protected health information" as defined in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”).

The parties agree to comply with the applicable provisions of HIPAA, the requirements of any regulations promulgated thereunder including, without limitation, the federal privacy regulations as contained in 45 CFR Parts 160 and 164 (the “Federal Privacy Standards”), the Electronic Transaction Standards (45 CFR Parts 160 and 162) the Security Standards (45 CFR Parts 160, 162 and 164), and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the “HITECH Act”), Public Law 111-05 and regulations promulgated thereafter.

The parties further agree to comply with the applicable provisions of the PROTECT Our Children Act contained in 42 USC 13032 and 18 USC 2258A .

10.2 Compliance with Laws Applicable to Client
As it pertains to Client’s Confidential Information and/or Data stored or managed by Xantrion, Xantrion will comply with any and all confidentiality, security, privacy and or compliance requirements, rules and/or regulations imposed on Client by local, state or federal authorities, agencies, regulatory agreements and or laws 866.926.8746 11 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
to the extent Client has provided to Xantrion in writing the specific requirements to satisfy said confidentiality, security, privacy and or compliance requirements, rules and/or regulations.

10.3 Compliance with Software Manufacturer’s Licensing and Allowed Usage Requirements Client acknowledges its obligation to comply with all provisions of software manufacturer’s licensing and allowed usage requirements. Client agrees to honor the provisions of the “Microsoft Cloud Agreement” incorporated herein by reference.
11 Security Incident Response

11.1 Obligations
Xantrion acknowledges its obligation to support Clients in the event of a Security Incident. Services we will perform and the basis on which they will be billed are described in the Addendum – Services.

11.2 Disclaimer
Xantrion does not represent that any service will prevent a security incident. Nor do we represent that we have legal expertise or expertise in forensic investigations. Clients are advised to consider purchasing cyber-liability policies to protect against the risk of a security incident. In the event of an incident, Client is advised to contact their own legal counsel to determine their obligations to report an incident, and to notify their insurance carrier of a potential claim and to permit the insurance company or its designated agents to conduct any investigation. 12 INSURANCE
During the term of this Agreement, Xantrion shall, at its own expense, maintain and carry insurance with financially sound and reputable insurers, in full force and effect that includes, but is not limited to:

Insurance Type Description of Liability covered Aggregate Limit
Cyber Liability, Privacy/Network
Security, Cyber Crime & Cyber
Deception Endorsement
Data breach of our systems or a Client system for which we are liable Including forensic costs, notification costs, credit or identity protection, extortion, regulatory action, fines and penalties. and business interruption.
$5 mm
Third Party Crime Third Party Crime $250 K
866.926.8746 12 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
Commercial General Liability Bodily injury, personal injury and property damage caused by the business' operations, products, or injury that occurs on the business' premises.
$2 mm
Errors and Omissions Liability Claims made by Clients forfailure to provide products or services, inadequate work or negligent actions.
$5 mm
Workers Compensation On the job injury $1 mm
Employment Practices Liability Claims made by employees alleging discrimination (based on sex, race, age or disability, for example), wrongful
termination, harassment and other employment-related
issues, this also extends to Third Party – Clients, Vendors, etc.
$1 mm
13 Other Insurance Provisions

13.1 Except for professional liability insurance or worker’s compensation insurance, the insurance policies shall be specifically endorsed to include Client, its officers, agents, employees, and volunteers, as additional insureds under the policies.

13.2 The additional insured coverage under Xantrion’s insurance policies shall be “primary and noncontributory” with respect to any insurance or coverage maintained by Client and shall not call upon Client’s insurance or selfinsurance coverage for any contribution. The “primary and noncontributory” coverage in Xantrion’s policies shall be at least as broad as ISO form CG20 01 04 13.

13.3 Except for professional liability insurance or worker’s compensation insurance, the insurance policies shall include, in their text or by endorsement, coverage for contractual liability and personal injury.

13.4 By execution of this Agreement, Xantrion hereby grants to Client a waiver of any right to subrogation which any insurer of Xantrion may acquire against Client by virtue of the payment of any loss under such insurance. Xantrion agrees to obtain any endorsement that may be necessary to effect this waiver of subrogation, but this provision applies regardless of whether or not Client has received a waiver of subrogation endorsement from the insurer.

13.5 Xantrion’s worker’s compensation insurance shall be specifically endorsed to waive any right of subrogation against Client.

13.6 Xantrion shall cooperate with Client in providing Client with copies of all insurance provisions or endorsements required by this Agreement.
866.926.8746 13 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
14 Harassment Free Workplace; Nondiscrimination
Xantrion and Client mutually commit to observing the highest standards of conduct in maintaining an environment that is free of discrimination, including harassment of any kind and on the basis of a legally protected status.

Accordingly, Xantrion and Client will not tolerate any form of harassment against anyone, including employees, vendors, independent contractors, or guests. Xantrion and Client understand and acknowledge their legal obligation both, not to engage in, and to report any unwelcome conduct, whether verbal, physical, sexual, or visual, and that is based upon a person’s protected status. Xantrion and Client shall not discriminate, in any way, against any person on the basis of age, sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin or disability in connection with or related to the performance of their duties and obligations under this Agreement. 15 Miscellaneous

15.1 Notices
All notices under this Agreement shall be sent to a party at the respective address indicated in the introductory paragraph hereof, or to such other address as such party shall have notified the other in writing. All such notices so addressed shall be deemed duly given (a) upon delivery, if delivered by courier or by hand (against receipt); or (b) three days after posting, if sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.

15.2 Governing Law
This Agreement shall be construed and controlled by the laws of the State of California, without reference to conflicts of law principles. To the extent that any lawsuit is permitted under this Agreement, the parties hereby expressly consent to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courts located in Marin County, California.

15.3 Remedies
The parties agrees that remedies at law for a breach or threatened breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement, including any disclosure or use of the Confidential Information, may be inadequate and, in recognition of this fact, in addition to all other remedies available at law, the parties will be entitled to seek specific performance or injunctive relief to enforce the terms of this Agreement.

15.4 Dispute Resolution; Attorney’s Fees
Xantrion and Client agree to each use its best efforts to mutually resolve any claim, controversy, liability or dispute arises between the parties relating to or in connection in any way with this Agreement or its interpretation, validity or enforcement (collectively, “Disputes” or, in the singular, “Dispute”). 866.926.8746 14 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
Failing that, and unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing, such dispute shall be adjudicated by final, binding arbitration under the auspices, and in accordance with then-applicable commercial arbitration rules and procedures, of JAMS, Inc. (“JAMS”) at JAMS’ San Francisco offices. The arbitrator shall be mutually-agreed upon by the parties to the arbitration. If the parties cannot agree upon an arbitrator within ten (10) business days after the filing of any demand for arbitration or statement of claims with JAMS (or, if a party is asked to participate in the joint selection of an arbitrator, but is unresponsive or otherwise does not do so within the foregoing time period), then JAMS shall select as arbitrator a retired judge having at least ten (10) years’ experience in industry-related disputes pursuant to its normal procedure for selecting an arbitrator when parties cannot agree upon an arbitrator.

The parties to the Dispute shall share equally in the costs of arbitration. If any party to the Dispute fails or refuses to pay its portion of JAMS arbitration-related administration fees or arbitrator’s fees in a timely manner, the other party to the Dispute may, at its election, pay such fees and proceed with the arbitration without the participation of the party who fails or refuses to pay its share of such fees, and any final arbitration award shall require the non-paying party to reimburse the paying party for such fees and costs.

The arbitrator shall have the power to award only such damages, remedies, or relief that would be available in a court otherwise having jurisdiction of the matter, but no other damages, remedies or relief. The arbitrator shall render all rulings and make all adjudications based solely upon the law governing the claims, counterclaims and defenses pleaded and shall not invoke any basis (including, without limitation, notions of “just cause”) other than such controlling law. The arbitrator shall have the authority to issue an award that provides for both legal and equitable relief, as applicable, including, without limitation, an order for issuance of a temporary or preliminary injunction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties may avail themselves in the court of the rights and remedies provided by Section 1281.8 of the California Code of Civil Procedure. In any arbitration proceeding commenced under this section, the merits hearing (i.e., trial) shall begin by no later than ninety (90) calendar days after the filing of any demand for arbitration or statement of claim with JAMS. The arbitrator shall prepare a written statement of decision and award within five (5) business days following the conclusion of the arbitration merits hearing. Judgment on the decision, award or other order of the arbitrator may be confirmed and entered by the court.

The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and conclusive, and the parties hereby waive the right to trial de novo or appeal, excepting only for the purpose of confirming the arbitrator’s decision, award or other order and entering judgment thereupon, for which purpose the court shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction. Such confirmation and entry of judgment may be obtained by ex parte application. Additionally, any petition to compel arbitration and any other legal proceeding seeking to enforce or avoid arbitration under this Agreement shall be filed and litigated exclusively in the court.

The prevailing party in any arbitration of a Dispute shall be entitled to recover from the other party or parties the reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs (including all costs of collection and recovery of any monies adjudicated to be due), experts’ fees and costs, arbitration administrative fees, court filing and other fees, and arbitrator’s fees that the prevailing party actually incurs in connection with that proceeding and any related-action or proceeding in the court; however, the parties agree that, in the event a party to the Dispute is adjudicated to be 866.926.8746 15 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
a prevailing party, that party shall seek to recover attorneys’ fees under this section for the services performed only by two (2) attorneys from the same law firm retained by that party. In the event this provision is adjudicated to be unenforceable or the parties to the Dispute jointly elect to seek an adjudication of their dispute in a judicial forum, the foregoing fees and costs recovery provision shall apply with equal force to that judicial adjudication of the Dispute.

15.5 Force Majeure
Neither party shall be deemed to have defaulted or breached hereunder, nor shall it hold the other party responsible for any cessation, interruption or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder due to earthquake, flood, fire, storm, natural disaster, act of God, war, terrorism, hostile or warlike action including cyber or armed attacks in times of peace or war by a government or sovereign power, labor strike, lockout, boycott, or other similar events beyond the reasonable control of such party (collectively, “Force Majeure”), provided that the party relying upon this provision: (i) gives prompt written notice thereof, and (b) takes all steps reasonably necessary to mitigate the effects of the Force Majeure event.

15.6 Headings
Headings used in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not be deemed a part of this Agreement.

15.7 Severability
If any provision in this Agreement is found or held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, then (i) the validity of other provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected or impaired thereby, and (ii) such provision shall be enforced to the maximum extent possible so as to effect the intent of the parties and shall be reformed without further action by the parties to the extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.

15.8 No Waiver
A waiver of a breach or default under this Agreement shall not be a waiver of any other breach or default.

Failure of either party to enforce compliance with any term or condition of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of such term or condition unless accompanied by a dear written statement that such term or condition is waived.

15.9 No Assignment
Client shall not assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, except in the event of a merger, acquisition, or sale of substantially all of Client’s assets. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the parties’ permitted successors and assigns.
866.926.8746 16 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

15.10City Business License / Other Taxes.

Xantrion shall obtain and maintain during the duration of this Agreement, a City of San Rafael business license as required by the San Rafael Municipal Code. Xantrion shall pay any and all state and federal taxes and any other applicable taxes. Client shall not be required to pay for any Services or work performed under this Agreement, until Xantrion has provided Client with a completed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification).

15.11Entire Agreement; Modification
This Agreement, and any attachments hereto, contains the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters contained herein. This Agreement shall supersede any prior understanding or agreement, written or oral between the parties. In the event of any conflict between the terms hereunder and any attachment, these terms shall govern unless such attachment expressly states that the terms and conditions of the attachment shall control. There are no promises, covenants or undertaking other than those expressly set forth herein, and any other terms and conditions are rejected regardless of content, timing or method of communication. Any deviations from or additions to the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will not be valid unless confirmed in writing by duly authorized officers of Xantrion and Client. 866.926.8746 17 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4
16 Counterparts
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, and each counterpart shall have the same force and effect as an original and shall constitute an effective, binding agreement on the part of each of the undersigned. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile transmission, by electronic mail in “.pdf,” or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000 (e.g., www.docusign.com).

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

Signed:

Printed: Anne Bisagno
Title: President
Company Xantrion, Inc.

Date: September 4, 2024

CITY OF SAN RAFAEL
By:

CRISTINE ALILOVICH, City Manager
ATTEST:

LINDSAY LARA, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

ROBERT F. EPSTEIN, City Attorney
866.926.8746 18 www.xantrion.com
15834843.4

EXHIBIT A
Addendum To The General Service Agreement Information Technology Services 866.926.8746 1 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

ADDENDUM TO THE GENERAL SERVICE AGREEMENT

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES
866.926.8746 2 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Summary Service Scope and Costs.......................................................................................................................4 2 CORE IT ................................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Description of Services................................................................................................................................. 5

2.2 Systems Administration................................................................................................................................5

2.3 Endpoint Support .........................................................................................................................................6

2.4 “Virtual Chief Information Officer” (vCIO) and Strategic Planning Services.................................................6

2.5 Limitations and Client Obligations................................................................................................................6 3 Systems Monitoring..............................................................................................................................................8

3.1 Description of Services................................................................................................................................. 8

3.2 Monitoring systems......................................................................................................................................8

3.3 Monitoring hours..........................................................................................................................................9

3.4 Monitoring scope..........................................................................................................................................9

3.5 Patch Management....................................................................................................................................10

3.6 Thresholds & Monitoring Criteria...............................................................................................................10

3.7 Endpoint anti-virus and anti-malware management..................................................................................10

3.8 Client notification of monitoring alerts......................................................................................................10

3.9 Alert remediation .......................................................................................................................................10

3.10 Limitations and client obligations...............................................................................................................11 4 Managed Backups...............................................................................................................................................12

4.1 Description of Services...............................................................................................................................12

4.2 Recovery Point Objective ...........................................................................................................................12

4.3 Recovery Time Objective............................................................................................................................12

4.4 Standby Server Hosting ..............................................................................................................................12

4.5 System requirements .................................................................................................................................13

4.6 Effect of Termination..................................................................................................................................13

4.7 Estimating data backup costs.....................................................................................................................13

4.8 Limitations and client obligations...............................................................................................................14 5 Managed Security Essentials ..............................................................................................................................15

5.1 Description of Services...............................................................................................................................15

5.2 List of Services............................................................................................................................................15

5.3 Security Incident Response ........................................................................................................................15

5.4 Limitations and Client Obligations..............................................................................................................18 6 Managed Security...............................................................................................................................................19

6.1 Description of Services...............................................................................................................................19

6.2 List of Services............................................................................................................................................19

6.3 Limitations and client obligations...............................................................................................................21 7 Hosting................................................................................................................................................................21

7.1 Description of Services...............................................................................................................................21

7.2 Data location ..............................................................................................................................................21

7.3 Service Level Agreement............................................................................................................................21

7.4 Effect of Termination..................................................................................................................................21 866.926.8746 3 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
8 Limitations applicable to allservices..................................................................................................................22

8.1 Support for End Users not covered by a CORE IT agreement.....................................................................22

8.2 Policy Authoring, Audit, and Questionnaire Support .................................................................................22 9 Authorized Contacts...........................................................................................................................................22 10 Phone and Email Support hours of operation ....................................................................................................22

10.1 Phone Answer.............................................................................................................................................22

10.2 E-mail processing........................................................................................................................................22 11 Rates for Services Outside of Scope ...................................................................................................................23 12 Travel Expenses..................................................................................................................................................23 13 Service Level Agreement ....................................................................................................................................24

13.1 Response Time............................................................................................................................................24

13.2 Service Level Credits...................................................................................................................................24 15 Costs and Service Detail......................................................................................................................................25 16 Counterparts.......................................................................................................................................................26 866.926.8746 4 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
1 Summary Service Scope and Costs
Service Name Description Included Services
Core IT Comprehensive IT support for yourstaff, Systems Administration, Remediation, Management and
Maintenance.

Systems
Monitoring
IT infrastructure monitoring designed to detect nonfunctioning systems orservices, in addition to conditions which may lead to instability or down time.

Managed Backups Backup of systems and data to protect against loss.

Includes “Best Effort” disaster recovery for data stored in our repository.

Managed Security
Essentials
Fundamentalsecurity provisions and practices
recommended for every organization

Managed Security A comprehensive security offering designed to meet the needs of organizations subject to regulatory oversight and compliance requirements, or with a strong need to protect sensitive data.

Consider for
Future
Implementation
Hosting “Private Cloud” services designed to host critical business systemsin highly-available redundant secure Datacenters, with locations in Denver and Salt Lake City.

Consider for
Future
Implementation
TOTAL Monthly Recurring Costs (Section 15) $97,225
866.926.8746 5 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
2 CORE IT

2.1 Description of Services
CORE IT is a comprehensive offering that includes technology support, administration, design, remediation, and maintenance, designed to provide the Client with:
• A secure and stable Information Technology environment with exceptional up time. • A high level of employee technology support satisfaction. • A competitive advantage.
• The lowest sustainable total cost of ownership.

CORE IT is provided at a fixed monthly cost and includes unlimited desktop and systems support.

2.2 Systems Administration
• User & Resource Management
 Employee Onboarding and Termination
 Hardware and Business Resource provisioning
 Identity management and access control
• Server, Network Infrastructure, and Endpoint Management  Deployment, Administration, Troubleshooting, and Remediation  Purchasing & Warranty Management
 Replacement of systems “In Kind,” at end of life
 Data Backup System management
• Application Management – Cloud or Server-Based
 Deployment, Upgrades, Troubleshooting, & Remediation
 License & Subscription Management
 Vendor Coordination
• Cloud-Based Voice over IP Systems
 Administration, including Moves, Adds, and Changes.
• Internet Connectivity
 Vendor Management
 Troubleshooting & Remediation
• Mobile Devices & Tablets
 Business Email connectivity
 Office 365 apps
 Other business apps (e.g., iTrakIT, iRIMS, iAnnotate) 866.926.8746 6 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

2.3 Endpoint Support
• Unlimited remote support services are provided to your staff, 24 x 7 x 365. • On-site support, as required.

2.4 “Virtual Chief Information Officer” (vCIO) and Strategic Planning Services The client will be assigned a Xantrion “vCIO,” whose core objective is to develop and maintain a business technology strategy that meets the business requirements and fosters growth.

Detailed Services include:
• Technology and Security Strategy and Advisement
• Quarterly Business Review meetings
• Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Strategy
• Cyber Security Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategy • Budget Projections and Cost Management
• Service Delivery Oversight
 Client Satisfaction Oversight & Reporting
 Identification and Resolution of trends orsystemic issues  Support Escalation
• Account Management, including agreement maintenance & resolution of billing matters • Project Coordination and Management
• Incident Response Coordination

2.5 Limitations and Client Obligations

2.5.1 Services provided on a Time and Materials basis
• Physical relocation of Staffsystems.

Ex: An employee wishes to move from one office location to another • Support for custom software solutions, developed specifically for your firm, and not supported by a major vendor
Ex: Custom scripts, FileMaker Pro, and Access Databases are considered custom software solutions
• Office Moves and Rebuilds
• Business system or Infrastructure Projects that are being driven by new functionality or features 866.926.8746 7 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
Ex: Cloud migrations, ERP, CRM, Accounting, or other Line of Business Application Implementation, Cloud VoIP phone migrations
• Audio/Visual Systems Setup
Ex: Deployment of a new videoconferencing solution, or assisting client guests with connectivity to projectors or displays

2.5.2 Warranties & Valid Support Agreements are Required Except as otherwise agreed, supported equipment, including, but not limited to: servers, shared storage, firewalls, switches, wireless access points, desktop and laptops, must carry a valid warranty and support agreement for these devices to remain with Xantrion’s support scope. All line of business applications must include a valid support agreement, and the appropriate licensing to ensure compliance.

2.5.3 Spare Equipment
We suggest maintaining spare staff systems to expedite setup and deployment in the event of an unexpected new hire or hardware failure. There is no additional monthly cost associated with the maintenance of spare endpoint systems.

2.5.4 Disaster Recovery
Recovery from outages caused by theft of systems or environmental events such as earthquakes, floods, fire or sprinkler system activation will be performed on a time and materials basis.

Clients wishing to reduce the risk of a disaster are encouraged to use cloud services or consider relocating their systems to our secure data centers, as described in Section 7. For clients who maintain servers on-premise, we also offer Standby Server Hosting, described in Section 4.4, to reduce the time and cost associated with recovering from a disaster.

2.5.5 E-Discovery, Forensic and Breach Investigations
Clients are advised that services provided as part of a CORE IT agreement are not designed to capture information required to support a forensic investigation. See also the limitations described in Section

5.3.5. 2.5.6 Abuse / Sabotage
Notwithstanding other provisions, recovery from deliberate damage / sabotage to systems or data, either on-premise or in cloud, will be performed in accordance with the Time and Materials provisions of this agreement.
866.926.8746 8 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

2.5.7 Support for Endpoints not Covered by this Agreement Support for systems not covered by this agreement is limited to the configuration and troubleshooting of secure remote access to business systems.

Ex: Business email connectivity or Secure Remote Desktop.

Xantrion will not provide hardware support for these systems out of scope; any operating systemlevel or networking support required to establish secure remote connectivity to business resources will be provided on a Time & Materials basis.

2.5.8 Web Content Development
Xantrion does not manage web site content development or administration. We are happy to provide vendor recommendations for this purpose.
3 Systems Monitoring

3.1 Description of Services
Xantrion’s Monitoring services are designed to improve the overall availability, stability, and performance of the Client’s critical business systems.

Xantrion monitors key operating characteristics of the Client’s designated systems and cloud solutions, in order to detect and address early signs of potentialsystem instability or failure, and to quickly identify and remediate the points of failure, in the event that a system or service outage occurs. Xantrion maintains a history of operating data which can be used as a benchmark for “normal” operations and to aid in the troubleshooting process.

Note that while network breaches may be detected as a result of consequential anomalies in network operations, this service is not designed to provide intrusion detection or prevention and should not be relied upon for these purposes.

3.2 Monitoring systems
Xantrion’s central monitoring systems are located in secure datacenters. Data is gathered from client operating environments, using a combination of probes and agents installed directly on servers and endpoints. Data is also gathered from additional sources external to the client environment to provide a comprehensive overview of system status. Examples of external monitoring include: round-trip email flow, RDS host availability, and Office 365 status.
866.926.8746 9 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

3.3 Monitoring hours
Automated monitoring occurs 24 x 7 x 365. Engineers observe and remediate issues “live,” from 6 AM to 7 PM PST, Monday through Friday. On request, Xantrion can establish a limited number of alerts which will trigger a notification to our live After-Hours answering service. The answering service will then contact an available engineer off-hours, alerting them to the issue raised by the system.

3.4 Monitoring scope
The scope of Monitored Systems is dependent upon several factors, including client-specific requirements, capabilities of the monitoring services, and limitations of the systems being monitored.

We recognize that client monitoring requirements are constantly changing as new systems are released and cloud services evolve. Our centralized monitoring systems are similarly evolving in terms of capacity and capabilities. Please discuss any specific monitoring needs with your vCIO, so that they may determine whether or not they can be met.

The list below provides a sample of services & systems we will attempt to monitor:

Shared Storage
RAID and Disk health
LUN utilization
SaaS, Websites & External Services
Availability of Services
Response times
TLS/SSL certificate validity
DNS resolution
Expected page verification
Synthetic email route trip testing
Security Monitoring
Antivirus health
Windows patching health
Privileged access groups changes
Common account names monitoring
Outboard firewall port blocking
SFP monitoring
On Premises Systems
Server hardware health
Remote Server Management systems (DRAC /
iLO)
System resource utilization
Disk utilization and I/O
Warranty status
Service availability
Application level monitoring
Active Directory
SQL
Exchange
Internet Information Services
UPS systems availability and battery health
Networking devices
System Resource Utilization
Traffic Throughput
866.926.8746 10 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

3.5 Patch Management
Xantrion will manage patch deployment to systems, including servers, infrastructure devices, and endpoints, using our patch management solution.

Xantrion conducts a literature review of all critical and security operating system updates as they are released by Microsoft. Prior to general release, deployment is tested on Xantrion’s systems and on systems that clients have asked to be included within our patching test group. Xantrion will identify and withhold any patches that are deemed problematic.

Approved patches are deployed monthly to workstations and laptop endpoints, and quarterly to servers.
3rd-party Application patching is provided for a select list ofsupported applications.

3.6 Thresholds & Monitoring Criteria
Xantrion leverages a set of alerting conditions and thresholds within the central monitoring solution that have been developed and tuned, through a combination of manufacturer’s Best Practice recommendations, in addition to real-world conditions. These thresholds are designed with the stability, uptime and health of your systems in mind, and should not be customized.

3.7 Endpoint anti-virus and anti-malware management
Xantrion will manage the licenses, automated deployment, troubleshooting, and administration associated with the anti-virus and anti-malware solution, for all clients with a Core IT agreement, and for clients who have elected to bundle this offering with systems monitoring.

3.8 Client notification of monitoring alerts
If requested, Xantrion will copy any recipients that you designate on automated alert notifications. For urgent and impactful issues, an Engineer will attempt to reach you by phone. For all other issues, we will reach out via e-mail.

3.9 Alert remediation
Xantrion Engineers will attempt to contact Client for authorization before performing any remediation work outside of the standard Core IT agreement. If we are unable to contact you, we will use our best judgement in determining whether or to proceed without authorization. Examples of situations where we may act if we are unable to reach you could include:
866.926.8746 11 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
• The affected system is covered under a CORE IT contract and therefore remediation work is included.
• E-mail system is completely down.
• Internet connectivity outage.
• Remediation of issues that are determined to be the direct result of managed patching.

3.10 Limitations and client obligations
The provisions listed in this section apply only to clients whose systems are not covered under a CORE IT agreement, or those with a “Monitoring-Only” Agreement.

3.10.1 Identification of Systems to be monitored
You will provide us with a list of systems and/or cloud services that you want us to monitor. For hardware systems on-premise, we require the following information:
 Device name
 IP address
 Hardware information (type, model, serial number)
 Administrative Login Credentials
 Physical location

3.10.2 Changes to monitoring
Requests to add or remove systems or devices from the monitored scope should be sent in writing to [email protected].

3.10.3 Advance notification of systems maintenance
We ask that you notify us in advance of planned maintenance that will impact services and system uptime, so that we can suspend monitoring and avoid “false alarms.”

3.10.4 Remediation of issues resulting from patching
Client acknowledges that Xantrion’s strategy for repairing an unstable system after patching may be, at our discretion, restoring from backup. Systems not covered by a CORE IT or Managed Backup agreement will be repaired on a time and materials basis. 866.926.8746 12 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
4 Managed Backups

4.1 Description of Services
Xantrion will work with the Client to design a managed backup strategy that meets the business’ Disaster Recovery and Data Retention requirements.

Services will include:
• Automated monitoring to ensure backups are completing successfully. • Engineer review of backup-related alerts during the business day. • Data retention as required by the Client (e.g. 30 days, 1 year, 7 years) • Quarterly auditing of the backup selection lists and file restore testing. • Annual test restores of a database or server critical to business operations. • Remediation of any issues related to the managed backup solution. • Restoration of files and servers as requested, subject to the limitations described in Sections 4.3 and 4.4
• Encryption of backup data “in transit” and “at rest” when replicating to Xantrion datacenters. • Optional “cloud-to-cloud” backups forsupported cloud services: e.g. Office 365 • An optional on-premises “backup appliance.”

4.2 Recovery Point Objective
Servers are backed up nightly, by default.

4.3 Recovery Time Objective
Data recovery requests will be handled in a timely manner, with restore times being subject to a number of factors (ex: internet bandwidth, etc.) File recovery, dependent upon data size, can generally be performed immediately upon notification. Recovery of an entire server may take 24 hours or longer.

4.4 Standby Server Hosting
For clients storing backupsin our datacenter, Xantrion maintains spare hosting capacity to allow for recovery in the event of a local disaster impacting client systems (ie: theft, earthquake, fire, flood) • This operation can take 24 to 72 hours and is subject to the availability of resources. • This agreement includes the cost of 1 month of hosting in our datacenters, should long-term failover be required.
• Xantrion has a client concentration in the San Francisco Bay Area. Resource availability is *not* sufficient to permit the immediate recovery of all clients in the event of a regional disaster. 866.926.8746 13 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
• Xantrion offers secure server hosting (described in Section 7) for clients who wish to ensure business continuity in the event of local disaster.

4.5 System requirements
• Client systems must be compatible with Veeam, the backup software on which our platform is built. • Client internet services must be sufficient to permit the nightly replication of critical business systems.
 As a conservative rule of thumb, assume at a minimum that data will change 5% per day and that 5 GB of data can be moved off-site per day for every 1 Mb/s of available internet upload bandwidth capacity.

4.6 Effect of Termination
• Upon termination of the service agreement, unless otherwise requested, Xantrion will delete all copies of your data from our datacenter infrastructure. • In the event of termination, requests to export backup archives (ie: removable storage media) will be fulfilled on a time and materials basis.

4.7 Estimating data backup costs
The client’s estimated monthly recurring costs associated with managed backups, calculated on a perGB basis, are listed in Section 15.

The amount of data being held in aggregate by our hosted infrastructure is dependent upon several factors, including:
• The amount of data being protected
• Daily data change rate
• The degree to which original data can be compressed and deduplicated in the backups • Retention periods
The table below provides a guideline to estimate the total amount of data you will store in our hosted backup infrastructure, based on the amount of data on your servers that we protect and your retention period.

Your actual costs may vary from these.

Retention
period
GB of compressed data in the
backups per GB of original data being
protected
Off-site Storage Schema
Typical case High case
866.926.8746 14 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
30 days 1 : 1 2 : 1 Daily incremental backups for the
first 30 days + 1 Full backup
90 days 2 : 1 3 : 1
Daily incremental backups for the
first 30 days + 3 x Monthly full
backups
1 year 5 : 1 8 : 1
Daily incremental backupsfor the
first 30 days +
3 x Monthly full backups
3 x Quarterly full backups
1 x Annual full Backup
7 Years 8 : 1 10 : 1
Daily incremental backupsfor the
first 30 days +
3 x Monthly full backups
3 x Quarterly full backups
7 x Annual full backups
Example:
• Data stored on your systems: 1,000 GB
• Retention Period: 1 Year
• Estimated Data stored on our systems: 5,000 to 8,000 GB • Cost per Stored GB Given in Section 15
• Total Monthly Cost Actual Data stored * Cost per stored GB

4.8 Limitations and client obligations
Clients must define data retention requirements and notify us of any changes to these requirements.

Clients with systems not covered by a CORE IT agreement must identify which systems should be included in the scope of the backups.

Searches of electronic data, restoration of historical data for the purpose of legal investigations will be performed under the time and materials provisions of this agreement.

It is not feasible to ensure the backup of laptop and desktop systems with a high degree of confidence.

Backups of laptop and desktop endpoints, if requested, are performed on a “Best Effort” basis. As a Best Practice, all sensitive data should be stored on server hardware or in a secure cloud environment. 866.926.8746 15 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
5 Managed Security Essentials

5.1 Description of Services
Xantrion’s Managed Security Essentials service helps clients achieve an enhanced cybersecurity posture and implement appropriate defensive safeguards to address common cybersecurity threats.

5.2 List of Services
The following services are included in Managed Security Essentials:

5.2.1 Security Awareness Training
End users may subscribe to Xantrion’s standard security awareness training program. This program will consist of periodic email security testing and optional online video-based training.

5.2.2 Multi-Factor Authentication
Xantrion will supply and manage an approved multi-factor authentication system.

5.2.3 Mobile Application Management
Xantrion will supply and manage an approved mobile application management system.

5.2.4 Advanced Internet Filtering
Xantrion will deploy advanced internet filtering technology to laptops, extending internet filtering to these devices when they are outside the corporate network. Internet filtering includes the detection of malware and blocking of malicious domains.

5.3 Security Incident Response

5.3.1 Overview
Xantrion will assist our clients in responding to Security Incidents affecting their information systems within the limitations of existing agreements. Client Security Incidents are handled according to Xantrion’s pre-defined Security Incident Response Policy.

Please see Section 5.4 regarding limitations on services provided pursuant to this provision.

5.3.2 Definitions
Security Event: Any observable change or occurrence in a system. Certain correlated events may become Security Alerts through automated analysis.
866.926.8746 16 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
Security Alert: Notifications that a certain event or series of events have occurred. Alerts can be generated from automated systems or received in the form of user request to our service desk.

Security Alerts may be escalated to become Security Incidents.

Security Incident: A single or series of security events that, as assessed by Xantrion, have a significant likelihood of threatening information security and impacting business operations.

Containment: Containment of a Security Incident are tasks performed by incident responders to limit the scope and impact of an ongoing Security Incident.

Recovery: Recovery from a Security Incident is the process of returning impacted systems to normal operation and removing artifacts of the incident from the system. (For example; removing malware and recovering data from backup). Recovery steps may include remediation ofsecurity vulnerabilities to prevent future incidents.

5.3.3 Classification and Prioritization
Xantrion classifies Security Alerts into 4 categories:

Category Description
Insufficient
Information
Xantrion does not have the required information to properly classify this alert. Additional information is required from the client to continue processing this alert.

Harmful The alert is identified as an attack or attempted attack that may result in damage or unauthorized access to information systems.

The cause of the alert has rendered the Client’s infrastructure vulnerable or compromised. Harmful alerts are escalated as Security Incidents.

Harmless The alert is identified as a known attack, attempted known attack or reconnaissance effort. The client’s systems are not considered vulnerable or compromised.

False
Positive
The alert may be falsely triggered, is informational, or has been determined to be benign.
866.926.8746 17 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
Xantrion prioritizes Security Incidents, based on their functional, informational, and recoverability impact:

Priority Description
High The incident impacts critical business functions. Represents a high likelihood of impacting information availability or confidentiality or requires a significant recovery effort.

Medium The incident impacts multiple users. Represents a medium likelihood of impacting information availability or confidentiality. Recoverability effort is expected to be less than 24 hours.

Low The incident is limited in scope and does not significantly impact business operations. There is a low likelihood of impacting information availability or confidentiality the recovery effort is minimal.

5.3.4 Detection
Security Incidents are declared solely by Xantrion based a variety of sources including automated analysis and reports from end users. Xantrion will assess incoming Security Alerts to determine if a Security Incident is occurring or has occurred.

5.3.5 Notification
Xantrion will notify our clients within 24 hours after a High or Medium priority Security Incident has been declared within the environment.

5.3.6 Containment and recovery
For systems covered by CORE IT, Xantrion will perform all reasonable tasks to contain a Security Incident and once contained, recover systems to normal operation.

5.3.7 Post-Incident activity
An Incident Report will be produced by Xantrion for all High and Medium priority Security Incidents.

The report will be limited to Xantrion’s involvement in the incident including: a summary of the incident, timeline of events, impact analysis, containment and recovery steps, root-cause analysis, and any additional recommended actions.
866.926.8746 18 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4

5.4 Limitations and Client Obligations

5.4.1 Disclaimer of Warranty
Information security and compliance is a wide-ranging discipline which requires the involvement from all parts of a business. Xantrion’s expertise and this service are limited specifically to the technical cybersecurity aspects of a comprehensive information security program. It is important to understand that subscribing to this service alone does not guarantee compliance with any law or regulation nor guarantee the absolute security of your systems.

5.4.2 Data Security Responsibility
Client acknowledges and agrees that Xantrion does not provide legal services or warrant that the services or products provided or obtained on client’s behalf will ensure client’s compliance with any law, including but not limited to any law relating to safety, security or privacy.

5.4.3 Missing information
Client is responsible for providing missing information for alerts classified as “Insufficient Information”. If client fails to supply such information Xantrion may send a reminder or close the alert.

5.4.4 Incident Response
It is the responsibility of the client to direct Xantrion’s response to an incident according to their own policies and procedures, especially if evidence must be preserved, or a forensic investigation is expected. Clients are advised to maintain their own incident response plan including their own reporting requirements.

The primary goal of Xantrion’s incident response service is to contain and recover from Security Incidents. Client is aware that Xantrion may take immediate action without notification to contain and recover from a detected incident. Certain containment and recovery actions may hinder future forensic investigations.

Xantrion’s capabilities to assist with containment and recovery are limited for systems not covered by a CORE IT agreement. Containment of, and recovery from Security Incidents for these systems will be performed in coordination with the client on a best effort, time and materials basis.

5.4.5 Investigations
Clients are advised that services provided under Managed Security Essentials are not designed to capture information required to support a forensic investigation. 866.926.8746 19 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
Investigation including root cause analysis, preservation of evidence, attempts to determine if information was accessed or exfiltrated by unauthorized actors, or to identify unauthorized actors will be performed on a best efforts, time and materials basis. 6 Managed Security

6.1 Description of Services
Xantrion’s Managed Security service delivers a multi-layered cybersecurity solution tailored for small and medium businesses. The service is designed to aid clients in meeting regulatory compliance requirements and operating a secure computing environment.

Managed Security requires a Systems Monitoring agreement for all covered systems.

6.2 List of Services
The following services are included as part of the full Managed Security offering.

6.2.1 Cybersecurity Roadmap
Xantrion will provide access to our internally developed cybersecurity standards based on industry leading control frameworks. A gap analysis will be performed, at least annually, between our developed standards and current state including recommendations for improving the client’s security posture.

6.2.2 Automated Security Analysis and Alert Management
Automated analysis will be performed on logs, system configurations, and other data points using metrics developed by Xantrion and its partners. Alerts will be triggered on specific pre-defined conditions and will generate a support ticket to be handled by Xantrion’s Network Operations Center (NOC) or Service Desk.

6.2.3 Customized Security Awareness Training
Xantrion will customize a security awareness training program using the included training platform including phishing email exercises and video-based training.

6.2.4 Log Aggregation and Management
Xantrion will install a system to collect specific security logs from capable servers and network security devices. These logs will be stored for 30 days in a resilient and secure hosted location.

Xantrion will provide and install necessary log collectors and configure supported systems to send logs. At the end of the retention period, log data will be permanently deleted on a first-in-first-out 866.926.8746 20 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
(FIFO) basis. If this agreement is terminated for any reason, Xantrion will be relieved of its obligation to store client’s log data. Retention beyond 30 days is available at additional cost.

6.2.5 Vulnerability Scanning and Management
Xantrion will scan Client’s internal and internet facing hosts on a quarterly basis for devices covered by this agreement. The scan data will be used to identify known vulnerabilities and results summarized and delivered to client for review.

For systems covered by a CORE IT agreement, critical vulnerabilities will be scheduled for remediation. Forsystems not covered by a CORE IT agreement remediation can be performed on a time and materials basis.

6.2.6 Sensitive Data Discovery
Xantrion will scan client’s network annually, or more often as mutually agreed, to discover locations where sensitive data, such as Personally Identifiable Information (PII), is stored. Results will be summarized and delivered to client for review.

6.2.7 Account Authentication Analytics
Xantrion will manage an approved authentication analytics system. The system is designed to detect abnormal account behavior which may indicate compromise.

6.2.8 Identity Access Management
Xantrion will manage an approved identity management system used to provide single-sign on capabilities between the client’s identity provider and other systems.

6.2.9 Self-Assessment Support
Xantrion will provide support If client initiates or is requested to perform a self-assessment or complete a security questionnaire by a regulating agency, or partner. Included support is limited to responding to pre-formed questionnaires.

6.2.10 Quarterly Reporting
On a quarterly basis Xantrion will deliver a report describing the performance ofservices included in this agreement.

6.2.11 Annual Security Review
Xantrion will meet with the client on an annual basis to review their cybersecurity program. Topics for review during this meeting can include:
866.926.8746 21 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
• Security Incidents
• Existing cybersecurity policies
• Latest security reports
• Exceptions to standards or recommendations

6.3 Limitations and client obligations
The following services can be performed according to the time and materials provisions of the General Service Agreement.
• New functionality added to existing systems, including new single-sign-on integrations. • Vendor Assessments
7 Hosting

7.1 Description of Services
Xantrion will host your systems on Xantrion-owned assets, configured to provide a fault-tolerant operating environment for your critical systems.

7.2 Data location
Data is stored in secure DataCenter locations in the continental United States.

7.3 Service Level Agreement
See Section  of this document.

7.4 Effect of Termination
Unless otherwise agreed upon, all client data will be deleted from our hosting environment upon termination of this service.

Prior to termination, in order to ensure continuity of service, at no cost, we will make server images and / or data available to Client or Client’s new service provider for migration to theirsystems.

We can perform a migration from our service to an alternate provider or provide copies of images on portable media on a time and materials basis.
866.926.8746 22 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
8 Limitations applicable to all services

8.1 Support for End Users not covered by a CORE IT agreement Support requests for end users not covered by a CORE IT agreement must be escalated to us by the client’s internal IT team. Xantrion cannot take support requests directly from end users, themselves.

8.2 Policy Authoring, Audit, and Questionnaire Support
Assistance with the creation of Client’s internal compliance and security policies, responses to third party audit requests for a detailed description of client’s cybersecurity, business continuity and / or disaster recovery practices will be provided on a time and materials basis. E.G. regulatory examinations, ISO certification, SSAE audits, investor, insurance, or other due diligence requests. 9 Authorized Contacts
The Client will provide Xantrion with a list of individuals, including e-mail addresses and mobile phone numbers, who are authorized to approve access control requests, as defined in the “Support FAQs for Liaisons” document.
10 Phone and Email Support hours of operation
Our phones are answered live 24 x 7 x 365. Details of coverage as follows:

10.1 Phone Answer
• Phones are answered live by our Client Service Representatives from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM PST, Monday through Friday, excluding normal holidays. Our CSRs will make every effort to connect you to an Engineer who can assist you immediately.
• If all Engineers are busy when you call, we can arrange for a scheduled call-back • Calls received outside of the defined business hours will be taken by a third-party answering service who will then patch the call to an On-Call Engineer, for resolution.

10.2 E-mail processing
• For non-urgent issues and change requests, email [email protected] • Expect a response within 1 business day
• Do not e-mail if you need help immediately; please call 866.926.8746 23 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
• E-mail requests are monitored during business hours, 9AM to 5PM PST weekdays, excluding holidays. Messages received after hours are converted into a ticket that is assigned to an Engineer at the start of the next business day
11 Rates for Services Outside of Scope
Base Hourly rate
C Level $260/hr.

Engineer IV $230/hr.

Engineer III $205/hr.

Engineer II $180/hr.

Engineer I $150/hr.
• Business hours are 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM PST (M-F,) excluding traditional holidays. • Work outside of business hours, or scheduled less than 1 day in advance, is charged at 1.5 times the applicable base hourly rate.
• Work is charged in fifteen (15) minute increments.
• The minimum site visit charge is four (4) hours of service. 12 Travel Expenses
• There is no charge for travel within our normalservice area, defined as the 9 counties that make up the “Bay Area.”
• Client will be notified in advance of any travel or work outside of the Bay Area that will incur added costs.
• Travel Expenses associated with work outside of the Bay Area (including transportation, hotel stays, per diem food expenses) will be billed to the client at cost. • Time associated with travel outside of the Bay Area will be billed at ½ of the applicable Base Hourly Rate.
866.926.8746 24 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
13 Service Level Agreement

13.1 Response Time

13.1.1 Business-Critical issues
• For “business-critical” issues, or those that prevent a group of individuals from doing their work, Xantrion will make every effort to respond immediately. Your vCIO, if available, or a Xantrion manager, will coordinate the appropriate resources on the Xantrion side and provide you with a summary of impacted systems, a remediation plan and regular updates on progress. • Xantrion will work the issue continuously until resolved, engaging Sr-level Engineering resources, subject matter experts, and vendors, as required.

13.1.2 Non-Urgent Issues and Change Requests
• For non-urgent issues and change requests, email [email protected] • Expect a response within 1 business day
• E-mail requests are monitored during business hours, 6AM to 6PM PST weekdays, excluding holidays. Messages received after hours are converted into a ticket that is assigned to an Engineer at the start of the next business day

13.2 Service Level Credits
For each thirty (30) minutes of downtime from the time we are notified (excluding scheduled maintenance,) Xantrion will issue a credit of five percent (5%) of the total Hosted Services, Systems Monitoring or Managed Backup Fees due to Xantrion for the month in which such Critical event occurred, not to exceed the total Hosted Services, Systems Monitoring or Data Backup Fees for such month.

Client is not entitled to a credit for downtime or outages resulting from circumstances beyond our control including, but not limited to, ransomware, denial of service attacks, virus attacks, or hacking attempts. 14 Client-Specific Provisions
None.
866.926.8746 25 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
15 Costs and Service Detail
Type Qty Each Total
Active Users 425 $213 $90,525
Managed SIEM 1 $1,000 $1,000
Backups TBs 57 $100 $5,700
Monthly Total $97,225
Annual Total $1,166,700
The price and employee counts will stay constant through the first year unless there are significant changes to the environment; significant defined as 10% or more of the monthly cost. 866.926.8746 26 www.xantrion.com
15900501.4
16 Counterparts
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same instrument.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written below.

Signed:

Printed: Anne Bisagno
Title: President
Company Xantrion, Inc. Date:

September 4, 2024

CITY OF SAN RAFAEL
By:

CRISTINE ALILOVICH, City Manager
ATTEST:

LINDSAY LARA, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

ROBERT F. EPSTEIN, City Attorney
____________________________________________________________________________________

FOR CITY CLERK ONLY
Council Meeting: _______________________
Disposition: ___________________________
Agenda Item No: 2.e
Meeting Date: October 7, 2024

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
Department: Fire, Office of Emergency Services
Prepared by: Quinn Gardner
Deputy Director of Emergency
Management
City Manager Approval: ______________
TOPIC: MARIN COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN SUBJECT: RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE 2024 MARIN COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN AND THE CITY OF SAN RAFAEL ANNEX.

RECOMMENDATION:

Adopt a resolution adopting the 2024 Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) and the City of San Rafael Annex.

BACKGROUND:

What is a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan?
A Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) is a living document that assesses regional risks and vulnerabilities and identifies and prioritizes mitigation projects, describing updated strategies for sustaining and building on current mitigation activities to ensure the future safety of lives, preservation of property and protection of the environment during times of disaster. Mitigation planning also improves the ability to recover from a disaster. An annex to an LHMP is a document that provides additional information specific to a jurisdiction, such as a city or special district, which participates in the plan.

Annexes supplement the information in LHMP, which includes federally required elements that apply to the entire planning area. This City of San Rafael Annex (Attachment 3) provides additional information specific to the City, with a focus on providing additional details on the hazard risk assessment and mitigation strategy (i.e., mitigation actions) for the community.

State and Federal Regulations for LHMPs
The Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) requires local governments to develop and adopt pre-disaster LHMPs to minimize property damage and the risk to public health and safety that might otherwise result from the effects of a natural or human-made disaster.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requires the plan to be updated every five years to maintain federal hazard mitigation grant eligibility. In addition, California Assembly Bill No. 2140 (AB SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 2
2140, 2006) allows cities to be considered for additional state cost-share on eligible public assistance projects by adopting their current, FEMA-approved local hazard mitigation plans (LHMPs) into the Safety Element of their General Plan. This adoption, along with other requirements, makes the City eligible to be considered for up to an additional 6.25% local share to be funded by the state-eligible public assistance projects.

The City of San Rafael’s Planning Efforts
In February 2016, FEMA approved the City’s application for a grant to develop a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan for San Rafael. Previously, the City did not have a FEMA-approved, locally adopted Hazard Mitigation Plan and, thus, was not eligible to apply for any FEMA funding to support City Hazard Mitigation projects. After more than a year of meetings, staff analysis, research, and working with a specialized consultant, on November 17, 2017, the City Council adopted San Rafael’s first Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

In 2018, the Marin County Sheriff’s Office, which then included the County Office of Emergency Services and County Department of Public Works, spearheaded the development of a countywide Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The plan included jurisdiction-specific mitigations and countywide mitigation measures that applied to all of Marin County’s twelve (12) cities, towns, and unincorporated areas. This effort was intended to create communitywide resiliency, as large-scale disasters rarely adhere to jurisdictional boundaries, especially in cities and towns in Marin that share natural features, such as waterways and hillsides. San Rafael adopted the Marin County MultiJurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan in July 2019.

In August 2021, the San Rafael City Council adopted the General Plan 2040, which included a Safety and Resilience Element. The City’s current Safety and Resilience Element of the General Plan includes language and goals relating to hazard mitigation and specifically references the 2019 MJLHMP.

Responding to federal mandates in the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390), the 2024 MJLHMP updates the previous plan adopted in 2019.

ANALYSIS:

Mitigation planning allows for improved emergency management and disaster response for all communities we serve. These include targeted assistance to those with access and functional needs, migrant populations, ethnic populations/language accessibility, essential workers, the elderly, and more.

Outreach was conducted with efforts to reach various demographics. This section describes the planning process, organization, and review of the 2024 MJLHMP.

The 2024 MJLHMP Planning Process
In Marin County, jurisdictions collaborate on LHMP updates in a multi-jurisdictional planning effort, reflecting that hazard risks extend beyond jurisdiction borders. Multi-jurisdictional planning efforts have many benefits, including promoting compliance with state and federal disaster mitigation requirements, maintaining eligibility for FEMA mitigation grants, improving communication between jurisdictions, and avoiding duplication of efforts by pooling resources and sharing costs.

The 2024 MJLHMP updates the 2019 MJLHMP. The planning area for the MJLHMP encompasses the entire geographic area of Marin County. The preparation of the 2024 MJLHMP was led by the Marin County Office of Emergency Services, with participation from the Marin County Operational Area and the sixteen (16) cities, towns, and special districts in Marin County. Much like what occurred in 2018, this recent planning effort was intended to advance community-wide resiliency.

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 3
To ensure eligibility for FEMA and the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) grants, the MJLHMP development process included the following activities:

1. Identification of potential planning partners. Partners who chose to participate submitted Letters of Intent committing resources to the development effort;

2. Identification and assessment of the risks of natural hazards;

3. Development of actions to mitigate the risks and a plan to implement the actions over the next five years;

4. Public involvement in the development and review of the MJLHMP; and

5. Review and approval of the MJLHMP by Cal OES and FEMA.

As part of the update process, City staff from various departments reviewed previous hazard mitigation plans, pending projects, and newly identified needs. In collaboration with the County of Marin and their consultant, City staff provided input to ensure the plan updates meet the City’s needs for mitigating natural and human-caused disasters.

The Organization of the 2024 MJLHMP
The MJLHMP is organized with a main document (Volume 1) addressing countywide hazards and mitigation actions. Volume 1 (Attachment 2) is accompanied by Volume 2, which contains annexes (i.e., appendices) for each participating jurisdiction. Participating jurisdictions are known as “planning partners” in the document.

The City of San Rafael Community Profile is contained in Volume 2 of the MJLHMP and is provided as Attachment 3 to this report.

Although Volume 1 addresses hazard mitigation on a countywide basis, and Volume 2 considers these same topics for each city, town, and special district, both documents are organized as follows:
• An introduction with an overview of the jurisdiction and a description of the planning process. • A systematic hazard identification and risk assessment of natural and human-caused hazards such as flooding, drought, wildfire, landslides, severe weather, terrorism, cyber threats, pandemics, and the impact of climate change.
• Mitigation strategies and actions to reduce injury, property damage, and community disruption. • A process for adopting, monitoring, and evaluating the plan.

FEMA and Cal OES Review
Jurisdictions must submit their Local Hazard Mitigation Plans to FEMA for approval to be eligible for FEMA funding from the Pre-Disaster Mitigation and Hazard Mitigation Grant programs. In July 2024, FEMA and Cal OES approved the City of San Rafael Annex to the 2024 MJLHMP (Attachment 4). This plan's expiration date will be January 31, 2029. After local adoption, the signed resolution is returned to FEMA for final approval. Final plans are made publicly available via the County Office of Emergency Management website and City sites as needed.

COMMUNITY OUTREACH:

Community outreach was incorporated into the planning and update process. This included a website and public survey, a public comment period, social media campaigns, flyers, and two Town Hall Meetings in San Rafael that were broadcast via Zoom and included translation services. The Town Hall meetings were advertised via press releases and digital communication. Following a presentation, the meetings concluded with question and answer sessions. No members of the public joined in person, and none provided public comment via Zoom. The plan includes full details about the outreach efforts.

SAN RAFAEL CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT / Page: 4
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION:

The adoption of the 2024 MJLHMP is not a project under California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15378(a) because it has no potential to result in either a direct physical change in the environment or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment. Instead, the 2024 MJLHMP is a planning study that identifies hazard risk and outlines potential future mitigation actions the County and planning partners may take to reduce hazard risk depending on funding and staffing availability, including projects that are already planned or in progress. Accordingly, even if the adoption of the 2024 MJLHMP were a project, it would be exempt from CEQA under CEQA Guidelines Section 15262 as a planning studies for possible future actions which has no legally binding effect on later activities. Since there would be no potential for a significant effect on the environment, the adoption of the 2024 MJLHMP also qualifies for the common sense exemption as described in CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3).

FISCAL IMPACT:

Adopting the 2024 MJLHMP and the City of San Rafael Annex has no fiscal impact. However, it maintains the City's eligibility for FEMA mitigation grant funding.

OPTIONS:

The City Council has the following options to consider on this matter:

1. Adopt the provided resolution

2. Adopt resolution with modifications.

3. Direct staff to return with more information.

4. Take no action.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:

Adopt a resolution adopting the 2024 Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) and the City of San Rafael Annex.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Resolution

2. Volume 1 of the MJLHMP: Planning Area-Wide Elements

3. Volume 2 of the MJLHMP (Excerpt): City of San Rafael Annex

4. Marin County FEMA Approval Letter, July 2024
RESOLUTION NO.

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN RAFAEL ADOPTING THE 2024 MARIN COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL LOCAL HAZARD

MITIGATION PLAN AND THE CITY OF SAN RAFAEL ANNEX
WHEREAS, natural hazards, such as earthquakes, floods, and wildfires, pose a significant threat to the residents and visitors of Marin County and San Rafael; and WHEREAS, disasters start and end at the local level, and it is the inherent responsibility of government to lead hazard mitigation and the reduction of risk and vulnerability to hazards; and WHEREAS, an adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is required as a condition of future funding for mitigation projects under multiple FEMA pre-and post-disaster mitigation grant programs; and
WHEREAS, the City adopted a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan in 2017 through Resolution No. 14418; and
WHEREAS, the San Rafael 2040 General Plan includes a Safety and Resilience Element which expresses the City’s commitment to maintaining an LHMP and minimizing San Rafael’s vulnerabilities and, in accordance with AB 2140, acknowledges the importance of coordinating the most recent LHMP and Safety Element by incorporating the 2017 LHMP and any future amendments to the LHMP by reference, as allowed by California Government Code Section 65302(g); and
WHEREAS, the Marin County 2024 Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) amends the 2017 LHMP by fully updating and replacing it; and WHEREAS, the Marin County 2024 Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) complies with all requirements set forth under Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) 2000 and includes information also relevant to the Safety Element. The MJHMP presents environmental hazard analysis, describes important transportation and utility infrastructure at risk from environmental hazards, describes emergency evacuation systems, and mitigation actions to protect Marin County populations and infrastructure from environmental hazards; and WHEREAS, the adoption of the 2024 MJLHMP is not a project under California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15378(a) because it has no potential to result in either a direct physical change in the environment or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment; and even if the adoption of the 2024 MJLHMP were a project, it would be exempt from CEQA under CEQA Guidelines Section 15262 as a planning studies for possible future actions which has no legally binding effect on later activities, and also under the common sense exemption as described in CEQA Guidelines Section 16061(b)(3) because there would be no potential for a significant effect on the environment; and WHEREAS, adoption by the governing body for the City of San Rafael, demonstrates the jurisdiction’s commitment to fulfilling the mitigation goals and objectives outlined in this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan; and
WHEREAS, adoption of the plan authorizes responsible agencies to carry out their responsibilities under the plan.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of San Rafael hereby adopts the 2024 Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of San Rafael Annex and adopts the updated 2024 MJLHMP by reference into the Safety and Resilience Element of the San Rafael 2040 General Plan.

I, Lindsay Lara, Clerk of the City of San Rafael, hereby certify foregoing resolution was duly and regularly introduced and adopted at a regular meeting on the City Council of said City held on Monday, the 7th day of October 2024, by the following vote to wit:

AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS:

NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS:

ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS:
______________________
LINDSAY LARA, City Clerk

COUNTY OF MARI
Cover Photo: The image provided by the Marin County Office of Emergency Management, illustrates the precarious balance of mitigating potential wildfire fuels to ensure a safe evacuation corridor while preserving the exquisite natural beauty unique to Marin County. 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Marin County Operational Area (OA) and the sixteen (16) jurisdictions and special districts within the Marin County OA prepared this Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) update to the 2018 Marin County MJHMP to guide County, City, and Special District managers in protecting the people and property within the County from the effects of natural disasters and hazard events. These planned actions will make Marin County and its residents less vulnerable to future hazard events, demonstrates the communities’ commitment to reducing risks from hazards, and serves as a tool to help decision makers direct mitigation activities and resources.

HAZARD MITIGATION
Hazard Mitigation is defined as “any sustained action taken to eliminate or reduce long-term risk to human life, property, and the environment posed by a hazard”.

Hazard mitigation planning is the process of making any sustained plan or course of action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from both natural hazards and their effects. The planning process includes establishing goals and recommendations for mitigation strategies.

Hazard mitigation may occur during any phase of a threat, emergency, or disaster. Mitigation can and should take place during the preparedness (before), response (during), and recovery (after) phases. The process of hazard mitigation involves evaluating the hazard’s impact and identification and implementation of actions to minimize the impact.

PURPOSE OF THE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Information in this plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and decisions for local land use policy in the future. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to communities and their residents by protecting critical community facilities, reducing liability exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and disruptions. The Marin County OA planning area has been affected by hazards in the past and is thus committed to reducing future impacts from hazard events and becoming eligible for mitigation-related federal funding.

MITIGATION PLAN UPDATE
This 2023 MJHMP is a comprehensive update of the 2018 Marin County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, which included the unincorporated county, eleven (11) jurisdictions and the North Marin Water District. FEMA approved the 2018 plan on December 27, 2018, and it will expire on December 27, 2023. The current update meets federal requirements for updating hazard mitigation plans on a five-year cycle. It represents the fifth iteration of the Marin County hazard mitigation plan. Fifty-eight planning partners participated in this update, as listed in Tables 2.2 and 2.4.

The Marin County Office of Emergency Management was the lead County Department coordinating this MJHMP update. The Marin County Office of Emergency Management l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ii
appointed new leadership in 2023 and the Director, Steven Torrance, made the update to this plan a priority.

The planning area and participating jurisdictions and special districts were defined to consist of the unincorporated county, eleven (11) jurisdictions and five (5) special districts within the geographical boundary of Marin County. All partners to this plan have jurisdictional authority within this planning area. The jurisdictions participating in the 2023 Marin County MJHMP were represented by:

Table 2.1: 2023 MJHMP Participating Jurisdictions
Jurisdiction Representative Title
1 Marin County Hannah Tarling Emergency Management Coordinator 2 Marin County Chris Reilly OEM Project Manager
3 City of Belvedere Irene Borba Director of Planning
4 City of Larkspur Loren Umbertis Public Works Director 5 City of Mill Valley Patrick Kelly Director of Planning and Building 6 City of Novato Dave Jeffries Consultant/JPSC
7 City of San Rafael Quinn Gardner Deputy Emergency Services Coord. 8 City of Sausalito Kevin McGowan Director of Public Works 9 Town of Corte Madera and
Sanitary District #2 RJ Suokko Director of Public Works 10 Town of Fairfax Loren Umbertis Public Works Director 11 Town of Ross Richard Simonitch Public Works Director 12 Town of San Anselmo Sean Condry Public Works & Building Director 13 Town of Tiburon Sam Bonifacio Assistant Planner
14 Bolinas Community Public
Utility District
Jennifer Blackman General Manager
15 Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary
District Dale McDonald Administrative Services Manager
16 North Marin Water District Eric Miller Asst. General Manager 17 Southern Marin Fire District Marshall Nau Fire Marshall/South Marin Fire Dist.

PARTICIPATING JURISDICTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Each Marin County OA MJHMP participating jurisdiction and special district reviewed and approved the Top Hazards identified by the Planning Team. Each participating jurisdiction and organization then completed a more complex assessment tool to further develop their hazard assessment and prioritization.

The planning process used the available FEMA tools to evaluate all the possible threats faced.

The primary tool selected was the Hazard Assessment and Prioritization Tool. This matrix allowed the participating jurisdiction or organization to assess their own level of vulnerability and mitigation capability. Each participating Jurisdiction and organization assessed the top hazards for:
• Probability and frequency
• Impact to property, resources, and humans
• Mitigation capacity
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
iii
The results of these participating jurisdiction and organization hazard assessment and prioritization are illustrated in the following tables.

Table 3.4: Marin County Hazard Risk Assessment
Hazard
Probability/
Likelihood of
Future Events
Geographic
Extent
Magnitude
/ Severity
Climate
Change
Influence
Significance Risk
Score
Dam Failure Unlikely Negligible Extreme Low Medium 9.00 Debris Flow,
Erosion,
Landslide, PostFire Debris Flow
Occasional Extensive Severe Medium Medium 13.00
Drought Highly Likely Extensive Moderate High High 16.00 Earthquake Highly Likely Extensive Extreme None High 15.00 Flooding Highly Likely Limited Severe High Medium 14.00 Land Subsidence
(Sinkhole) Occasional Limited Moderate Medium Medium 10.00 Levee Failure Unlikely Negligible Moderate Medium High 9.00 Sea Level Rise Highly Likely Limited Extreme High High 16.00 Severe Weather –
Extreme Heat Highly Likely Extensive Moderate High Medium 15.00 Severe Weather –
Wind, Tornado Highly Likely Extensive Moderate High Medium 15.00 Tsunami Highly Likely Limited Extreme Medium High 15.00 Wildfire Highly Likely Significant Severe High High 16.00 1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~

I I I I I I
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
iv
Risk Level Risk Numerical
Score
High Risk 12 - 16
Serious Risk 8 - 11
Moderate Risk 4 - 7
Low Risk 1 - 3

MITIGATION GOALS
The information developed from the risk assessment was used as the primary basis for developing mitigation goals and objectives. Mitigation goals are defined as general guidelines explaining what each jurisdiction wants to achieve in terms of hazard and loss prevention.

Hazard Risk Prioritization
Mitigation Goals & Objectives
Mitigation Project Identification
Mitigation Project Implementation
16 16 16
15 15 15 15
14 13
10 9 9
0 2
4 6
8 10
12 14
16 18
Weighted Rank Percentage Value
Hazard Types
Hazards by Rank
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
v
Goal 1: Minimize risk and vulnerability of the community to the impacts of natural hazards and protect lives and reduce damages and losses to property, economy, and environment in Marin County.
• Minimize economic and resource impacts and promote long-term viability and sustainability of resources throughout Marin County.
• Minimize impact to both existing and future development. • Provide protection for public health.
• Prevent and reduce wildfire risk and related losses.

Goal 2: Provide protection for critical facilities, infrastructure, utilities, and services from hazard impacts.
• Incorporate defensible space and reduce hazard vulnerability. • Develop redundancies in utilities and services.
• Enhance resilience through enhanced construction.

Goal 3: Improve public awareness, education, and preparedness for hazards that threaten our communities.
• Enhance public outreach and participation in the Alert Marin Emergency Notification System.
• Enhance public outreach, education, and preparedness program to include all hazards of concern.
• Increase public knowledge about the risk and vulnerability to identified hazards and their recommended responses to disaster events, including evacuation and sheltering options.
• Provide planning and coordination for "At-Risk" populations. • Provide planning and coordination for companion animals, livestock, and other animal populations.
• Increase community awareness and participation in hazard mitigation projects and activities.

Goal 4: Increase communities' capabilities to be prepared for, respond to, and recover from a disaster event.
• Improve interagency (local, state, federal) emergency coordination, planning, training, and communication to ensure effective community preparedness, response and recovery.
• Enhance collaboration and coordination of disaster-related plans, exercises, and training with local, state, and federal agencies, neighboring communities, private partners, and volunteers.
• Enhance the use of shared resources/Develop a strong mutual aid support system. • Create and maintain a fully functional, interoperable radio and communication system with all regional public safety partners.

Goal 5: Maintain FEMA Eligibility/Position the communities for grant funding. • Review hazard events and ongoing hazard mitigation projects annually. • Assess the need to pursue or adjust hazard mitigation projects after significant hazard events.

Goal 6: Reduce exposure to High Hazard Dams that pose an unacceptable risk to the public. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
vi
• Improve alert and warning systems to provide residents downstream of a High Hazard Dam to receive timely warning to evacuation when threatened by potential or imminent dam failure.
• Enhance overall community preparedness to respond and evacuate a potential or imminent dam failure.
• Increase public awareness of the risk posed by High Hazard Dams and the potential for relocation of housing outside a possible inundation zone. • Prioritize High Hazard Dam Mitigation projects and programs.

MITIGATION STRATEGY
The mitigation strategies and activities designed to reduce or eliminate losses resulting from natural hazards are the centerpiece of the mitigation planning process. Through the mitigation actions, participating jurisdictions will become more resilient to disasters.

The 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP was revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts.

Mitigation projects were selected for each hazard and for Marin County, the eleven (11) jurisdictions and the five (5) special districts based on the hazard risk assessment. The projects are supported by the mitigation goals and objectives and are ranked using the following criteria:
approximate cost, timeframe of completion, whether the project requires Board of Supervisors regulatory action, and an assumption as to whether or not the project would be subject to CEQA or NEPA requirements. Funding sources are identified for all projects. All projects consider new, future, and existing development.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Marin County Office of Emergency Management and Preparative Consulting would like to thank those collaborators and partners who participated in the planning and development of this document.

The official Marin County Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee provided the oversight and dedication to this project that was required and without their commitment, this project would not be possible.

As with any working plan, this document represents planning strategies and guidance as understood as of the date of this plan’s release. This plan identifies natural hazards and risks and identifies the hazard mitigation strategy to reduce vulnerability and make the communities of the Marin County Operational Area more disaster resistant and sustainable. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
2 This page is intentionally blank.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
3 LETTER OF PROMULGATION
January 2024
To: Officials and Employees of Marin County
The preservation of life and property is an inherent responsibility of all levels of government.

Whereas disasters may occur in devastating form at any time, Marin County must provide safeguards which will save lives and minimize property damage through mitigation planning and training. Sound mitigation planning carried out by knowledgeable and well-trained personnel can and will minimize losses.

The Marin County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies the hazard risks and vulnerabilities for the Marin County Operational Area and identifies mitigation projects and actions to help reduce those risks. It provides for the integration and coordination of planning efforts of Marin County, the Cities of Belvedere, Larkspur, Mill Valley, Novato, San Rafael and Sausalito; the Towns of Corte Madera, Fairfax, Ross, San Anselmo and Tiburon; the Bolinas Community Public Utility District, the Central Marin Fire Department, the Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District, the North Marin Water District, the Sanitary District Number 2, and the Southern Marin Fire Department.

The content of this plan is based upon guidance approved and provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services.

The intent of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to provide direction on how to mitigate against the threat of disaster through effective mitigation strategies and initiatives.

Once adopted, this plan will be reviewed and tested periodically and revised as necessary to meet changing conditions and requirements.

The Marin County Board of Supervisors gives its full support to this Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and urges all public employees and individuals to mitigate against the threat of disaster before they occur.
_________________________________
Stephanie Moulton-Peters
President, Board of Supervisors
Marin County
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
4 This page is intentionally blank.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
5 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary.................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................1 Letter Of Promulgation.............................................................................................................3 Table of Contents......................................................................................................................5 SECTION 1.0: Introduction .......................................................................................................9

1.1 Hazard Mitigation Principles.................................................................................................... 9

1.2 Purpose..................................................................................................................................... 9

1.3 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 10

1.4 Legal Authorities..................................................................................................................... 10

1.5 History and Overview............................................................................................................. 11

1.5.1 Demographics.................................................................................................................. 25

1.5.2 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure................................................................................ 31

1.5.3 Natural, Historical, and Cultural Resources.................................................................. 33

1.5.4 National Risk Index and Social Vulnerability................................................................. 55

1.5.5 Social Vulnerability and Risk in Marin County .............................................................. 60

1.5.6 Economics ........................................................................................................................... 66

1.6 Existing Authorities, Policies, Programs, and Resources................................................... 67

1.7 New Items for the 2023 MJHMP........................................................................................... 68

1.7.1 Revision of the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ....................................... 70

1.7.2 Climate Change............................................................................................................... 70

1.7.3 Progress on Local Mitigation Efforts.............................................................................. 70

1.8 Plan Organization and Structure........................................................................................... 70 SECTION 2.0: Planning Process ............................................................................................72

2.1 Planning Approach................................................................................................................. 73

2.2 Grant Funding and Consultant Selection ............................................................................. 74

2.3 Establish a Planning Partnership.......................................................................................... 74

2.4 Define the Planning Area and Participating Jurisdictions ................................................... 75

2.5 Steering Committee ............................................................................................................... 76

2.5.1 Steering Committee Planning Process.......................................................................... 78

2.5.2 Steering Committee Tasks ............................................................................................. 79

2.5.3 Steering Committee Future Tasks ................................................................................. 80

2.6 Coordination with stakeholders and agencies ..................................................................... 80 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
6 2.7 Review and Incorporation of Existing Plans......................................................................... 87

2.8 Public Engagement................................................................................................................ 92

2.8.1 Website............................................................................................................................... 94

2.8.2 Public Meetings ................................................................................................................. 94

2.8.3 Social media ...................................................................................................................... 96

2.8.4 Press Releases.................................................................................................................. 96

2.8.5 Survey ................................................................................................................................ 97

2.8.6 Public Comment on the Plan............................................................................................ 98 SECTION 3.0: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment................................................100

3.1 Hazard Identification ............................................................................................................ 100

3.1.1 Disaster Declaration History......................................................................................... 102

3.1.2 Omission of Hazards..................................................................................................... 104

3.2 Hazard Analysis.................................................................................................................... 106

3.2.1 Climate Change............................................................................................................. 111

3.2.2 Participating Jurisdiction Hazard Assessment............................................................ 119

3.3 Hazard Risk Assessment..................................................................................................... 120

3.3.1 Dam Failure ................................................................................................................... 120

3.3.2 Debris Flow.................................................................................................................... 154

3.3.3 Drought........................................................................................................................... 176

3.3.4 Earthquake..................................................................................................................... 185

3.3.5 Flooding.......................................................................................................................... 196

3.3.6 Land Subsidence........................................................................................................... 241

3.3.7 Levee Failure................................................................................................................. 247

3.3.8 Sea Level Rise............................................................................................................... 265

3.3.9 Severe Weather – Extreme Heat................................................................................. 276

3.3.10 Severe Weather – High Wind/Tornado ..................................................................... 281

3.3.11 Tsunami ....................................................................................................................... 290

3.3.12 Wildfire ......................................................................................................................... 322

3.4 Additional Hazards Profiled ................................................................................................. 372

3.4.1 Air Pollution ................................................................................................................ 373

3.4.2 Critical Infrastructure/ Utility Disruption.................................................................... 376

3.4.3 Cyber Threats ............................................................................................................ 378

3.4.4 Oil Spills...................................................................................................................... 383

3.4.5 Pandemic.................................................................................................................... 386 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
7 3.4.6 Transportation Systems ............................................................................................ 392 SECTION 4.0: Mitigation Strategy........................................................................................399

4.1 Changes in Development .................................................................................................... 399

4.2 Changes in Priorities............................................................................................................ 401

4.2.1 Vulnerability and Risk Reduction ................................................................................. 401

4.3 Capability Assessment......................................................................................................... 402

4.3.1 Regulatory Capabilities................................................................................................. 402

4.3.2 Administrative and Technical Capabilities................................................................... 408

4.3.3 Fiscal Capabilities ......................................................................................................... 412

4.3.4 Outreach and Partnerships Capabilities...................................................................... 414

4.4 Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program..................................................... 415

4.4.1 Substantially Improved Or Substantially Damaged Properties ................................ 421

4.5 Mitigation Goals.................................................................................................................... 423

4.6 Hazard Mitigation Actions.................................................................................................. 425

4.6.1 Progress in Local Mitigation Efforts ............................................................................. 425

4.6.2 Status of Previous Mitigation Actions .......................................................................... 426

4.6.3 New Mitigation Actions.................................................................................................. 430

4.7 Plan Integration .................................................................................................................... 463

4.8 Future Development Trends............................................................................................... 464 SECTION 5.0: Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation............................................468

5.1 Plan Adoption ....................................................................................................................... 468

5.2 Plan Monitoring And Public Engagement........................................................................... 468

5.3 Plan Evaluation..................................................................................................................... 469

5.4 Plan Update .......................................................................................................................... 470 Figures and Tables Index .....................................................................................................471 Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................478 Appendix A: Adoption Letters..............................................................................................483 Appendix B: Documentation of the Planning Process.......................................................513 Appendix C: Public Outreach Survey..................................................................................531 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
8 This page is intentionally blank.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
9 SECTION 1.0: INTRODUCTION
Each year in the United States, natural disasters take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters, because additional expenses to insurance companies and nongovernmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many natural disasters are predictable, and much of the damage caused by these events can be alleviated or even eliminated.

Hazard mitigation is defined by FEMA as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property from a hazard event.” The results of a three-year, congressionally mandated independent study to assess future savings from mitigation activities provides evidence that mitigation activities are highly cost-effective. On average, each dollar spent on mitigation saves society an average of six dollars in avoided future losses in addition to saving lives and preventing injuries.

This plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 so that the Marin County Operational Area (OA) would be eligible for the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Pre-Disaster Mitigation and Hazard Mitigation Grant programs as well as to lower flood insurance premiums (in jurisdictions that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program’s Community Rating System).

1.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PRINCIPLES
Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to eliminate or reduce long-term risk to human life, property, and the environment posed by a hazard.

Hazard mitigation planning is the process of making any sustained plan or course of action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from both natural hazards and their effects. The planning process includes establishing goals and recommendations for mitigation strategies.

Hazard mitigation may occur during any phase of a threat, emergency, or disaster. Mitigation can and should take place during the preparedness (before), response (during), and recovery (after) phases.

The process of hazard mitigation involves evaluating the hazard’s impact and identification and implementation of actions to minimize the impact.

1.2 PURPOSE
Marin County and its participating jurisdictions prepared this Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) update to the 2018 Marin County MJHMP in order to make the Marin County OA and its residents less vulnerable to future hazard events. This plan demonstrates the communities’ commitment to reducing risks from hazards and serves as a tool to help decision makers direct mitigation activities and resources. This plan was also developed to make the Marin County OA eligible for certain federal disaster assistance, specifically, the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
10 Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program, and Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program.

1.3 SCOPE
The Marin County OA MJHMP is a multi-jurisdictional plan that geographically covers the Marin County OA, which encompasses the area within Marin County’s jurisdictional boundaries. This area includes the County and its unincorporated communities, the Cities of Belvedere, Larkspur, Mill Valley, Novato, San Rafael and Sausalito; the Towns of Corte Madera, Fairfax, Ross, San Anselmo and Tiburon; the Bolinas Community Public Utility District, the Central Marin Fire Department, the Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District, the North Marin Water District, the Sanitary District Number 2, and the Southern Marin Fire Department.

This MJHMP was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) and the implementing regulations set forth by the Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, (44 CFR §201.6) and finalized on October 31, 2007. The 2007 amendments also incorporate mitigation planning requirements of the Flood Mitigation Assistance program authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. While the Disaster Mitigation Act emphasized the need for mitigation plans and more coordinated mitigation planning and implementation efforts, the regulations established the requirements that local hazard mitigation plans must meet in order for a local jurisdiction to be eligible for certain federal disaster assistance and hazard mitigation funding under the Robert T.

Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act (Public Law 93-288).

Information in this plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and decisions for local land use policy in the future. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to communities and their residents by protecting critical community facilities, reducing liability exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and disruptions. The Marin County OA planning area has been affected by hazards in the past and is thus committed to reducing future impacts from hazard events and becoming eligible for mitigation-related federal funding.

1.4 LEGAL AUTHORITIES
Federal, state and local regulations and policies form the legal framework to implement Marin County’s, and its participating jurisdictions’, hazard mitigation goals and projects.

Federal Laws
• “The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950”
• Public Law 96-342 “The Improved Civil Defense Act of 1980” • Public Law 91-606 “Disaster Relief Act"
• Public Law 93-288 “The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act of 1974” • Section 322, Mitigation Planning of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
• Public Law 106-390 enacted by Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA)
• Interim Final Rule for DMA 2002 as published in the February 26,2002, 44 CFR Part 201 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
11 State Laws & Plans
California Government Code, Section 3100, Title 1, Division 4, Chapter 4 Defines public employees as disaster service workers. Disaster service workers are subject to such disaster service activities as assigned to them by their superiors or by law. The term "public employees" includes all persons employed by the state or any county, city, city and county, state agency or public district, excluding aliens legally employed. The law applies when:
• A local emergency has been proclaimed.
• A state of emergency has been proclaimed.
• A federal disaster declaration has been made.

This Section provides the basic authorities for conducting emergency operations following a proclamation of Local Emergency, State of Emergency, or State of War Emergency, by the Governor and/or appropriate local authorities, consistent with the provisions of this Act.

The California Emergency Plan - Revised
Promulgated by the Governor, and published in accordance with the Emergency Services Act, the Plan provides overall statewide authorities and responsibilities, and describes the functions and operations of government at all levels during extraordinary emergencies, including wartime.

Section 8568 of the Act states, in part, that "...the State Emergency Plan shall be in effect in each political subdivision of the state, and the governing body of each political subdivision shall take such action as may be necessary to carry out the provisions thereof." Local emergency plans are, therefore, considered to be extensions of the California Emergency Plan.

California Civil Code, Chapter 9, Section 1799.102
This section of the California Civil Code provides for "Good Samaritan Liability" for those providing emergency care at the scene of an emergency. Specifically: "No person, who, in good faith and not for compensation, renders emergency care at the scene of an emergency, shall be liable for any civil damages resulting from any act or omission. The scene of an emergency shall not include emergency departments and other places where medical care is usually offered."
State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP) - 2018
The State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP) identifies policy, establishes goals, and stipulates actions associated with the implementation of enhanced hazard mitigation strategies for California. The SHMP is foundational for local government hazard mitigation planning efforts, and provides inter-organizational guidance and direction based upon established state agency actions and principles.

Operational Area Governmental Authorities & Plans - Local Codes and Ordinances Local government codes, ordinances, and executive policies are identified in Section 4.3.

1.5 HISTORY AND OVERVIEW
The first people to inhabit the area of Marin County thousands of years ago are the indigenous Coast Miwok. The origin of the name “Marin” is unclear, but it is thought to be either named after the Chief of the Licatiut, a Coast Miwok tribe, or after Bahía de Nuestra Señora del Rosario la Marinera Bay between San Pedro Point and San Quentin Point. European colonization of Marin County began in the 1500’s when Sir Francis Drake landed in the area of modern-day Drake’s Bay in 1579. The Spanish eventually made claims to California and established their first settlement in Marin County in 1817. The Settlement of Marin County was incorporated in 1850 as one of the original 27 counties of California.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
12 Marin County is located on northern California’s Pacific coast and is bordered by Sonoma County to the north; the Pacific Ocean to the west; San Pablo Bay and San Francisco Bay to the east, and the City and County of San Francisco to the south. Marin County spans 828 square miles, of which 520 square miles is land and 308 square miles is water. This footprint makes Marin County among the four smallest counties in the State. Within the boundaries of Marin County are 11 municipalities, 20 Census Designated Places, and 8 recognized unincorporated communities. The county seat is the City of San Rafael.

County Government
Marin County is a general law county, whereby the Board of Supervisors is elected by district and principal officers of the County are regulated by statutes that assign their duties. County departments are responsible for providing a wide array of services to the unincorporated areas of Marin County, as well as within municipalities. Departments are managed by elected officials or appointed directors who are responsible for administering local programs and services, in accordance with both applicable state law and county regulations. Many county departments are further sub-divided into divisions, offices, and programs, which provide specific services to the public. The following is a list of Marin County departments:
• Administrator
• Agriculture, Weights and Measures
• Assessor
• Board of Supervisors
• Child Support Services
• County Administrator
• County Counsel
• Community Development
• County Clerk
• Cultural Services
• District Attorney
• Finance
• Elections
• Enhanced Court Collections
• Farm Advisor
• Health and Human Services
• Housing
• Human Resources
• Information Services and Technology
• Library
• Parks
• Probation
• Public Administrator
• Public Defender
• Public Works
• Recorder
• Retirement
• Registrar of Voters
• Sheriff’s Office
• Superior Court
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
13 Figure 1.1: Map of Marin County
Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County / Full County
Cities and Towns
OlnCIOI

EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT
J
I
I
\
}
I
I
I
Point Reyes
Nalional
Seashore
\
Marin Cities / Towns (shading)

CITY OF BELVEDERE

CITY OF LARKSPUR

CITY OF MILL VALLEY

CITY OF NOVATO

CITY OF SAN RAFAEL
\
101
---.... ~--

CITY OF SAUSALITO

TOWN OF CORTE MADERA

TOWN OF FAIRFAX

TOWN OF ROSS

TOWN OF SAN ANSELMO

TOWN OF TIBURON
12 116
121
J7
San Pablo Bay
Wildlife Area
0 Fairfax,
Ross
l!.arkspur
Corte Madera
MIii Vallev
Mt. Tamalpais
State Park
Mill Valley

2.5 Golden Gate
Nalional
Recreation Area Sausalito
,--.,,..-~r- -s------1 1 o
Miles
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed: 08/08/23
/
/
/
(
I
!
_,7'
/j•n
N
County of Marin, california State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
14 Municipalities
Marin County has six cities and five towns.

City of Belvedere
The City of Belvedere was initially developed by the Belvedere Land Company who built homes and building sites, a water system, roads, and other amenities in the area. The city was officially incorporated on December 21st, 1896 and it’s first post office was opened in 1897.

Early Belvedere had a grocery store, telephone exchange, beauty shop, laundry, boatyard, plumber's shop, coal, wood and ice yard, blacksmith's shop, gas station and a jail. After World War 2, The Belvedere Land Company dredged a lagoon in San Francisco Bay and created additional living areas for Belvedere residents. The city has a total area of 2.4 square miles. It is predominantly hilly and is surrounded on three sides by San Francisco Bay. The City’s population lives in three distinct neighborhoods: Belvedere Island, Belvedere Lagoon and Corinthian Island. Many City residences are considered historically significant.

Belvedere had an estimated population of 2,126 in 2020, with 1,060 housing units in the City.

The median income for a household in the City was $246,500 and the per capita income for the City was $153,697. Approximately 4.4 percent of families and 5.8 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

Town of Corte Madera
The Town of Corte Madera is named after Corte Madera del Presidio, an 1834 Mexican land grant of the area to Irish immigrant John Reed that also established several communities in Marin County. Spanish for “cut wood”, Corte Madera provided redwood and oak timber for the growth of early San Francisco, including much of the construction at the Presidio. As the timber disappeared, Corte Madera became a farming and ranching community. Corte Madera continued to grow with the formation of the North Pacific Coast Railroad Company in 1872, and a railroad station was constructed by 1875 with freight and commuter service. Development of the town’s harbor allowed for further trade of goods. The town grew around the railroad station with the development of a town square and several neighborhoods. The Adams’ Hotel and Tavern was the Town’s first commercial business when built in 1898 and it served as the Town’s first post office. The town was officially incorporated on June 10th, 1916. Further growth of the town occurred during World War II, when the Marinship Corporation built a shipyard in Sausalito and attracted thousands of ship workers to the area. The town currently has a total area of 3.2 square miles and is situated just south of the South Quentin Peninsula on San Francisco Bay. The terrain consists of hills and marshland where numerous creeks empty into San Francisco Bay.

The Town of Corte Madera had an estimated population of 10,222 in 2020, with 4,174 housing units in the Town. The Town has a total area of 4.406 square miles. The median income for a household in the Town was $183,661 and the per capita income for the Town was $95,257.

Approximately 2.1 percent of families and 4.9 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

Town of Fairfax
The Town of Fairfax is named after Lord Charles Snowden Fairfax, whose estate in the area served as the site of the last political dual in California in 1861. Charles and Adele Pastori l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
15 purchased the Fairfax property and built a hotel and restaurant in the 1890’s, attracting visitors who could take the ferry from San Francisco and travel on the newly constructed North Pacific Coast Railroad Company rail line. The first post office was opened in 1910. Fairfax continued to grow with the development of an incline railroad to Manor Hill in 1913, and numerous permanent residences were established. The town was officially incorporated on March 2nd, 1931. Fairfax continued to grow as a “center of grooviness” throughout the 1960’s and 1970’s.

The town currently has a total area of 2.2 square miles and lies inland in the valleys of San Anselmo Creek and its tributary Fairfax Creek. Fairfax is generally hilly and is bordered to the south by the Mount Tamalpais protected watershed.

The Town of Fairfax had an estimated population of 7,441 in 2020, with 3,479 housing units in the Town. The Town has a total area of 2.204 square miles. The median income for a household in the Town is $111,290 and the per capita income for the Town is $59,011.

Approximately 0.3 percent of families and 10.1 percent of the population is below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

City of Larkspur
The City of Larkspur was first developed through an 1834 Mexican land grant to Irish immigrant John Reed that established several communities in Marin County. Much of the area of Larkspur was logged in the 1840’s to supply lumber to San Francisco and the building of Presidio. Two sawmills were built to float logs down Corte Madera Creek to San Francisco Bay. Further growth was spurred by the formation of the North Pacific Coast Railroad Company railroad, with a railroad station being built in Larkspur. C.W. Wright and his American Land and Trust Company purchased much of present-day Larkspur in 1896, subdividing the land and piping in water. Wright’s wife Georgina named the town Larkspur after she mistakenly identified the native lupine as Larkspur. C.W. Wright laid out the town in 1887 and the first post office opened in 1891. Larkspur quickly became a weekend destination for visitors from San Francisco, and a hotel, bathhouse, grocery store, and several retail shops were built. The City of Larkspur was officially incorporated on March 1st, 1908. Larkspur's Downtown Historic District, known also as Old Downtown Larkspur, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The city currently has a total area of 3.2 square miles and lies just inland of San Francisco Bay with hilly terrain on the southwest side.

The City of Larkspur had an estimated population of 13,064 in 2020, with 6,459 housing units in the City. The City has a total area of 3.243 square miles. The median income for a household in the City was $135,260 and the per capita income for the City was $94,909. Approximately 1.5 percent of families and 7.7 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

City of Mill Valley
The City of Mill Valley was first developed through two land grants: an 1834 Mexican land grant to Irish immigrant John Reed that established several communities in Marin County and an 1838 Mexican land grant to English immigrant William Richardson. A sawmill was built by Richardson in the 1830’s to supply lumber to San Francisco and the building of Presidio, and a dairy ranch was established by Samuel Reading Throckmorton in 1854. Mill Valley continued to l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
16 grow with the development of the North Pacific Coast Railroad Company and the building of a resort hotel by Dr. John Cushing in the 1880’s. The Tamalpais Land and Water Company took over possession of the land owned by Throckmorton and in 1889 built roads, pedestrian paths and step-systems and the Cascade Dam and Reservoir for water supply. They also set aside land for churches, schools and parks. New residents built houses and the City of Mill Valley was officially incorporated on September 1st, 1900. The post office opened under the name "Eastland" but was changed to "Mill Valley" in 1904. Mill Valley was almost lost to a wildfire in 1929, when 117 homes were destroyed, but a change in winds saved the city. Further growth of the town occurred during World War II, when the Marinship Corporation built a shipyard in Sausalito and attracted thousands of ship workers to the area. Since the mid-1960s, growth in the city has generally remained constant. The city currently has a total area of 4.9 square miles and is located between Mt. Tamalpais on the west and the Golden Gate National Recreational Area on the south. Mill Valley is generally hilly and wooded and is surrounded by hundreds of acres of state, federal, and county park lands. In addition, there are many municipally maintained open-space reserves, parks, and coastal habitats. The Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio and Cascade Creek flow from the slopes of Mt. Tamalpais through Mill Valley to the San Francisco Bay.

The City of Mill Valley had an estimated population of 14,231 in 2020, with 6,502 housing units in the City. The City has a total area of 4.847 square miles. The median income for a household in the City was $179,529 and the per capita income for the City was $110,356. Approximately

2.4 percent of families and 4.5 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

City of Novato
The City of Novato is name after Rancho Novato, the first rancho established in the area through a Mexican land grant to Fernando Feliz in 1830. Novato was developed through four additional land grants that established ranchos in the area: Rancho Corte Madera de Novato to John Martin in 1839; Rancho San Jose to Ignacio Pacheco in 1840; Rancho Olómpali to Camilo Ynitia in 1843; and Rancho Nicasio to Pablo de la Guerra and John B.R. Cooper in 1844.

Early pioneers Joseph Sweetser and Francis De Long planted orchards and vineyards in the area in the 1850’s, and the original town grew around Novato Creek. A post office opened in 1856 and a school was built in 1859. With the development of the North Pacific Coast Railroad Company, the center of the town shifted around the newly built railroad station in 1879. Many farmers in Novato lost their land in the Great Depression, but growth accelerated with the building of the 101 freeway. The City of Novato was officially incorporated on January 20, 1960.

The city has an area of 28 square miles and includes ten Marin County Open Space District preserves: Mount Burdell, Rush Creek, Little Mountain, Verissimo Hills, Indian Tree, Deer Island, Indian Valley, Ignacio Valley, Loma Verde, and Pacheco Valle. Novato is located on San Francisco Bay and has extensive farmland and wetlands with hilly terrain on the southwest side.

The City of Novato had an estimated population of 53,225 in 2020, with 21,271 housing units in the City. The City has a total area of 27.440 square miles. The median income for a household in the City was $107,975, and the per capita income for the City was $57,297. Approximately

2.5 percent of families and 7.9 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
17 Town of Ross
The Town of Ross was established as part of a Mexican land grant to Juan B.R. Cooper in 1840 known as Ranch Punta de Quentin Canada de San Anselmo. Ross was named in honor of James Ross, who purchased the land from Cooper in 1857. The first post office opened in 1887, and the Town of Ross was officially incorporated on August 21, 1908. The town continued to grow through the 1900’s as residents moved into its shaded canyons and gently sloping hills.

The town has an area of 1.6 square miles and lies inland of San Francisco Bay. Most of Ross is forested with greater open space on its east and west sides.

The Town of Ross had an estimated population of 2,338 in 2020, with 880 housing units in the Town. The Town has a total area of 1.556 square miles. The median income for a household in the Town is $250,000 and the per capita income for the Town is $128,126. Approximately 0 percent of families and 3.5 percent of the population is below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S.

Census Bureau/ 2021 American Community Survey).

Town of San Anselmo
The Town of San Anselmo received its name came from the Punta de Quintin land grant, which marked the valley as the Canada del Anselmo, or Valley of Anselm. The original area of San Anselmo consisted mostly of cattle ranches until the North Pacific Railroad Company formed and built a railroad line through the area in 1874, bringing in visitors from San Francisco. The town began to grow with the building of the San Francisco Theological Seminary in 1892 and the first post office opened in the same year. Summer homes were built in the area by San Francisco residents, and many of these homes became permanent after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake. The Town of San Anselmo was officially incorporated on April 9th, 1907.

Growth in the town continued until leveling off in the 1960’s. On March 12th, 1974, San Anselmo officially became a town. The town has a total area of 2.7 square miles and lies inland almost completely within the Ross Valley Watershed that flows into San Francisco Bay.

The Town of San Anselmo had an estimated population of 12,830 in 2020, with 5,518 housing units in the Town. The Town has a total area of 2.677 square miles. The median income for a household in the Town is $153,381 and the per capita income for the Town is $ $87,951.

Approximately 0 percent of families and 3.9 percent of the population is below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau). A large part of southern and western San Anselmo is built on a natural floodplain. San Anselmo's historic raised railroad bed acts as a dike, providing some flood protection to the west-side houses, upstream of the business district.

City of San Rafael
The City of San Rafael is the county seat of Marin County and is named for the Archangel Raphael. Mission San Rafael Archangel was founded in the area of what is now downtown San Rafael in 1817. In its first year, the Mission gained 300 converts. By 1828, there were 1,140 converts. The Mexican government took over the Mission in 1834. Mission San Rafael was abandoned in 1844, eventually deteriorating into ruin. The city continued to grow, however, and was officially incorporated on February 18th, 1874. Further growth of the city occurred when the North Pacific Railroad Company built a rail line through the area in 1879 and when Dominica University of California was built in 1890. The United States Navy operated a San Pablo Bay degaussing range from San Rafael through World War II. The city has a total area of 22.5 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
18 square miles and lies along San Francisco Bay. The San Rafael shoreline has been historically filled to a considerable extent to accommodate land development. San Rafael has a wide diversity of natural habitats from forests to marshlands.

The City of San Rafael is the county seat of Marin County. San Rafael had an estimated population of 61,271 in 2020, with 24,502 housing units in the City. The City has a total area of

22.422 square miles. The median income for a household in the City was $104,521 and the per capita income for the City was $61,962. Approximately 5 percent of families and 9.2 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

City of Sausalito
The City of Sausalito was founded as a place where ships near San Francisco could pick up fresh water in the 1830’s. A mariner named William A. Richardson had arrived in the area and built a rancho in 1925 in the Marin headlands where a freshwater spring was located. Sausalito is named after the Spanish words for “little willow”, for a stand of small willow trees in the town where the fresh water ran down to San Francisco Bay. The town grew throughout the mid1800’s into a small fishing, boat repair and ranching center, inhabited by both fisherman and yacht enthusiasts. The North Pacific Railroad Company developed a southern rail terminus in Sausalito in the 1870’s, providing a link to the Sausalito pier where ferries transported people and goods to and from San Francisco. The first post office was opened in 1870, and the City of Sausalito was incorporated in September 4th, 1893. The neighborhoods of Sausalito continued to grow throughout the early 1900’s, with the development of car ferries to and from San Francisco and the building of the Golden Gate Bridge in 1937. In 1941, the Marin Shipyard Corporation filled in a marshy area north of Sausalito to build the Marin Shipyard, bringing in thousands of ship builders to the area. After World War II, waterfront communities grew out of the abandoned shipyards, contributing to the development of houseboat communities that still exist today. Sausalito maintains its reputation as an art colony and literary enclave. The city has a total area of 2.3 square miles and encompasses both steep, wooded hillside and shoreline tidal flats.

The City of Sausalito had an estimated population of 7,269 in 2020, with 4,425 housing units in the City. The City has a total area of 2.257 square miles. The median income for a household in the City was $140,410 and the per capita income for the City was $111,167. Approximately 0 percent of families and 7.3 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2020 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

Town of Tiburon
The Town of Tiburon is named after the Spanish word for “shark.” The town was first developed through an 1834 Mexican land grant to Irish immigrant John Reed that established several communities in Marin County. The town began to grow in 1884 with the formation of the North Pacific Railroad Company and the first post office opened the same year. The rail line extended from San Rafael to its original southern terminus in Point Tiburon with connection to San Francisco by ferry. Industry including codfish canning, brick making, powder making and train building and repair brought growth to the Tiburon area in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. The U.S. Navy established a coaling station in Tiburon in 1904. World War II brought additional growth to Tiburon, and the Town of Tiburon was officially incorporated on June 23rd, 1964. The l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
19 town has a total area of 13.2 square miles, and lies on a peninsula jutting into San Francisco Bay.

The Town of Tiburon had an estimated population of 9,146 in 2020, with 4,047 housing units in the Town. The Town has a total area of 13.182 square miles. The median income for a household in the Town was $192,292 and the per capita income for the Town was $119,477.

Approximately 0 percent of families and 1.3 percent of the population were below the poverty line (2010 data, U.S. Census Bureau).

Unincorporated Communities
All unincorporated areas of Marin County are under jurisdiction of the County. Unincorporated communities include Bel Marin Keys, California Park, Dogtown, Fallon, Forest Knolls, Greenbrae, Hamlet, Ignacio, Inverness Park, Lagunitas, Los Ranchitos, Lucas Valley, Marconi, Marshall, Olema, Paradise Cay, San Quentin, Tamalpais Valley and Tocaloma. In unincorporated areas, basic services like water, sewer, police and fire protection are provided by the county. The County Service Area (CSA) Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.) was created in the 1950’s to provide a means of providing expanded service levels in areas where residents are willing to pay for the extra service. CSAs allow small communities in unincorporated areas to pay for and receive specific services from the county. The CSAs in Marin County include:

County Service Area 1 - Loma Verde
County Service Area 6 - Gallinas Creek
County Service Area 9 - Northbridge
County Service Area 13 - Upper Lucas Valley
County Service Area 14 - Homestead Valley
County Service Area 16 - Greenbrae
County Service Area 17 - Kentfield/Larkspur
County Service Area 18 - Las Gallinas
County Service Area 19 - Los Ranchitos, Country Club, and Santa Venetia County Service Area 20 - Indian Valley
County Service Area 27 - Ross Valley
County Service Area 28 - West Marin
County Service Area 29 - Paradise Cay
County Service Area 31 - Fire Service in Unincorporated Marin County Service Area 33 - Stinson Beach
Special Districts
The following is a list of independent Special Districts in Marin County:

Almonte Sanitary District
Alto Sanitary District
Bel Marin Keys Community Services District
Bolinas Community Public Utility District
Bolinas Fire Protection District
Homestead Valley Sanitary District
Inverness Public Utility District
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
20 Kentfield Fire Protection District
Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District
Marin City Community Services District
Marin Healthcare District
Marin Municipal Water District
Marin Resource Conservation District
Marinwood Community Services District
Muir Beach Community Services District
North Marin Water District
Novato Fire Protection District
Novato Sanitary District
Richardson Bay Sanitary District
Ross Valley Sanitary District
Sausalito-Marin City Sanitary District
Sleepy Hollow Fire Protection District
Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit District
Southern Marin Fire Protection District
Stinson Beach Fire Protection District
Stinson Beach Water District
Strawberry Recreation District
Tamalpais Community Service District
Tiburon Fire Protection District
Tiburon Sanitary District No. 5
Tomales Village Community Service District
The following is a list of dependent jurisdictions in Marin County:

Corte Madera Sanitary District No. 2
Marin County Parks Open Space District
San Rafael Sanitation District
San Quentin Village Sewer Maintenance District
Sausalito Marin City Sanitary District
Sewerage Agency of Southern Marin
Murray Park Sewer Maintenance District
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
21 Figure 1.2: Fire Protection Districts in Marin County Source: Marin County Community Wildfire Protection Plan l ~ <;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
, J-... .)
-----!
\
'> (
\
\
I
!
/
Inverness
Publi.5lUtility
District
Marin County
Fi re Authorities
County Fire
(CSA31)
101
OIRCIOf

EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT
11b
Novato Fire
ProtectionIato
District
\
Marinw.g!)d
Community
Services District
County
Fire
(CSA 19)
12'
37 12
/
/l
/
San Rafael
Fire !
Department
\
-..... _ -------------------------------'""--- --,...-/\, Fire Service Providers
FlreAuthority
Solinas Fire Protection District
Central Marin Fire Department
County Fire (CSA 31)
Inverness Public Utility rnstrict
Kentfield Fire Protection District
Marinwood community Services District
Novato Fire Protection District
Ross Valley Fire Department
San Rafael Fire Department
Southern Marin Fire Protection District
Stinson Beach Fire Protection District
Tiburon Fire Protection District
',
0 2.5 ""•·5----- l 10
Miles
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed : 08/11/23
County of Marin, california State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
22 Figure 1.3: School Districts in Marin County
Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County
School Districts
OIIIClDf

EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT
West Sonoma ('>
County,Union High • -' ,,,...

ScHool District ---·<
\
l
(
' \
I
I
\
~ I
.... '
' ' '\ ~h'pf~line
Urnfied·School
'District ~ I
'I. /
/
'l \.
\
I'-
; J ( •
<( _, 1 t/ Point Reyes I
I .. \ National
"~ f A Seashore I
I
,, I
,., ' .......... ,, ..... .::::,..,
\.... ( >
- ->r ..! ..;::-:.
r--
I
/I
../
' '
,,
,, I
\
.. \
,,
'..--,
o•
12 -Two' Rock Union
Elententary
School District
116
Laguna Joint
Elementary, "
School District
\
(
l
I
' \
'
',
1~ ---~-9) ~.1 · ~ l
/ Uncoln Elementary t.,, - .... 1 School D,stnct 1
r ( ,I
Olo·Adobe Union
Element'ary School
) Distri~I\
Novato tlnifiecl
Schoof District
121
3?
Nicasio Elementary
School District I..

I", ' I ' ' ~-- ' .... fiiiii --/ .,.,... _ , Dixie Elementa'}I , San Pablo Bay Wildlife Area ,. ' _ ,,,. ~~/ School District 1
\ Lagunitas J ''- s a.n ~alael~ ..,, "' /
A "• Elementary f ~ Coty _l;iI9h . '- ., /
'\ School District --< Schootp1stnct . ( ) / t • , !?,.an Rafael City ' "'- " , ... .. / \ , ... ! S!t;t.'!1!.'1~a .... ~ ...... v J '- I Tamalpais 1.,Jnion _ , .·~, School D!!!t!)CJ· '-J High School \ • • - '-.., • •' ~.. I
', District \- ,.. .. ~ __ ;~--- .. _ .... ' 1
Solinas-Stinson.., ~ I \
U . El ,~.,. ,.,a,•c- ., \ noon ementary \ r Larkspur' - • l\ ...., School District ' .. ~ ..... "" -r Elementary'" \ ' \. '\ ,. - • vSchool Districi' -
'I..., ,,Millv'i f. '\':. , Mt < lpa•·~ ill Valley '•t eed lJ,nion , St t P . Elementary ; , •~ Elementary,
, a e ,'school District ~ :: School-District•._ - , t l I - I -.., ,,·..:,- <""' ,.: "'"
~ ... , ..... , Re re ion Area ._ ;_,:;
\ .,.,.-- San Franciscd'
~ ,~Unifi~d·SChool
2 _
5 --,_,,__ _ ___ ! 10 District
0 Miles
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed: 08/08/23
[!an
N
County of Marin, (allfomla State Parks, Esrl, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 10 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
23 Protected Areas
The following protected areas are within or contiguous to Marin County:

National Protected Areas
• Golden Gate National Recreation Area
• Marin Islands National Wildlife Refuge
• Muir Woods National Monument
• Point Reyes National Seashore
• San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge
• Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary
State Parks
• Angel Island State Park
• China Camp State Park
• Mount Tamalpais State Park
• Olompali State Historic Park
• Samuel P. Taylor State Park
• Tomales Bay State Park
Marine Protected Areas
• Duxbury Reef State Marine Conservation Area
• Estero Americano State Marine Recreational Management Area • Estero de San Antonio State Marine Recreational Management Area • Point Reyes State Marine Reserve & Drakes Estero State Marine Conservation Area Figure 1.4: Muir Woods National Monument
Source: National Park Service
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
24 Figure 1.5: Marin County Parks and Public Lands
Source: Marin County
Marin County’s identity is largely shaped by its abundant natural resources and long history of open space preservation efforts to retain its rural character. A variety of factors have strictly limited development in the County over the last 5 years including large swaths of permanently protected federal and state parkland, large acreage of farm and ranch lands permanently protected through conservation easements, and Countywide Plan policies and development codes which restrain growth in sensitive habitat areas and/or flood hazard areas. Similarly future development is limited by these same constraints, as outlined in Section 4.10 Future Development.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
~L,, , ...
\\:.· l_:l
k
I
j
,,.. C
• <: V /'
,..i\-1\~·-- . .... l
,/
Open Space and Parlra
D Marin CcKJnty Opati Sp;ac■ FIRISGIVCIS
CJ M,:uT1 Coon,y P-alkS
D N.sl:ia1;3IP;skServic:.e
D Cthet" Parks .std Public L::sn:B
LJV.~~s
..---, L. .. -.! Cttull~ E!o,undary
c::::Jc.ty&uod~
-- 1-fgh.w:3.)"5 ;zir-d Map- IRc;uis
Streams
- - l'rnesmi'llml
Water BodlH
C] w..,
+ -
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
25 1.5.1 DEMOGRAPHICS
Marin County is the 26th most populated county in the state of California. According to the U.S.

Census Bureau, the population of Marin County in July 2021 was 260,206, an increase of

2.99% from the 2010 population of 252,409. The estimated population of Marin County in 2023 is around 265,294.

Figure 1.6: Population of Marin County 1860-2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Survey
Marin County grew rapidly from the 1930’s to the 1970’s, with slower growth from the 1970’s to the 2020’s. Between 1960 and 1970, the population of Marin County grew by 71.48% and has only grown by 21.45% since. Since the last plan update in 2018, the population of Marin County has remained fairly level.

Table 1.1: Marin County Population Changes 1860-2020
Year Population Change Growth Rate
1850 323 N/A N/A
1860 3,334 3,011 932.20%
1870 6,903 3,569 107.05%
1880 11,324 4,421 64.04%
1890 13,072 1,748 15.44%
1900 15,702 2,630 20.12%
1910 25,114 9,412 59.94%
1920 27,342 2,228 8.87%
1930 41,648 14,306 52.32%
1940 52,907 11,259 27.03%
1950 85,619 32,712 61.83%
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a ~ ARIN ~
POPULATION OF MARIN COUNTY 1860-2020
YEAR
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
26 1960 146,820 61,201 71.48%
1970 206,038 206,038 40.33%
1980 222,568 16,350 8.02%
1990 230,096 7,528 3.38%
2010 252,916 22,313 9.70%
2020 262,321 9,405 3.77%
Table 1.1: Marin County Population Changes 1860-2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Survey
The California Department of Finance shows an overall estimated decrease in the population of Marin County since the last plan update in 2018. Of the total estimated 257,135 residents of Marin County in 2022 based on the 2020 U.S. Census Survey, 190,148 residents live in the incorporated county and 66,987 residents live in the unincorporated county.

Table 1.2: Marin County Estimated Jurisdictional Population Jurisdiction Population 2022
(Estimate) Population 2020 Population 2018 (Estimate)
Percent Change
2018-2022
Marin County 257,135 262,321 262,179 -1.92%
Unincorporated
Marin County
66,987 66,987 68,963 -2.87%
City of Belvedere 2,080 2,126 2,102 -1.04%
City of Larkspur 12,797 13,064 12,396 3.13%
City of Mill Valley 13,850 14,231 14,702 -5.80%
City of Novato 52,441 53,225 54,036 -2.95%
City of San Rafael 60,560 61,271 59,851 1.17%
City of Sausalito 7,072 7,269 7,449 -5.06%
Town of Corte
Madera
10,028 10,222 10,104 -0.75%
Town of Fairfax 7,418 7,605 7,625 -2.71%
Town of Ross 2,301 2,338 2,566 -10.33%
Town of San
Anselmo
12,645 12,830 12,853 -1.62%
Town of Tiburon 8,956 9,146 9,542 -6.14%
Table 1.2: Marin County Estimated Jurisdictional Population Source: California Department of Finance
Population counts of the Marin County unincorporated area were taken in the 2020 and 2010 U.S. Census Surveys.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
27 Table 1.3: Marin County Estimated Jurisdictional Population Community Population 2020 Population 2010 Percent Change 2010-2020
Marin County 262,321 262,179 -1.92%
Unincorporated
Marin County 66,987 68,963 -2.87%
City of Belvedere 2,126 2,102 -1.04%
City of Larkspur 13,064 12,396 3.13%
City of Mill Valley 14,231 14,702 -5.80%
City of Novato 53,225 51,904 -2.95%
City of San Rafael 61,271 59,851 1.17%
City of Sausalito 7,269 7,449 -5.06%
Town of Corte
Madera 10,222 10,104 -0.75%
Town of Fairfax 7,605 7,625 -2.71%
Town of Ross 2,338 2,566 -10.33%
Town of San
Anselmo 12,830 12,853 -1.62%
Town of Tiburon 9,146 9,542 -6.14%
Table 1.3: Marin County Estimated Jurisdictional Population Change 2010-2020 Source: California Department of Finance
The Association Bay Area of Governments (ABAG) projects that the population in the unincorporated County will grow by only 2% in the next two decades. Tam Valley, Kentfield/Greenbrae, and the Marinwood/Lucas Valley communities are the most populous areas within the unincorporated County.

The median age of Marin County residents in 2020 is 47.1, with 45.6 for males and 48.4 for females. The male to female ratio in Marin County as of 2020 is 126,529 males (48.77%) and 132,912 females (51.23%.) There are 207,467 adults in Marin County as of 2020, 57,834 of whom are seniors.

Table 1.4: Marin County Population Age by Gender 2020
Age Population Male Female
Under 5
years
12,014 5,852 6,162
5 to 9 years 13,355 6,703 6,652
10 to 14
years
16,784 8,574 8,210
15 to 19
years
15,122 7,676 7,446
20 to 24
years
11,663 6,009 5,654
25 to 29
years
10,562 5,709 4,853
30 to 34
years
11,896 6,237 5,659
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
28 Table 1.4: Marin County Population Age by Gender 2020 Age Population Male Female
35 to 39
years
14,253 7,160 7,093
40 to 44
years
16,191 8,237 7,954
45 to 49
years
20,074 9,925 10,149
50 to 54
years
20,430 10,051 10,379
55 to 59
years
20,887 9,616 11,271
60 to 64
years
18,376 9,071 9,305
65 to 69
years
17,971 8,307 9,664
70 to 74
years
15,424 7,088 8,336
75 to 79
years
10,040 4,689 5,351
80 to 84
years
7,083 3,195 3,888
85 years + 7,316 2,430 4,886
Table 1.4: Marin County Population Age by Gender 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Survey
By race, Marin County is predominantly white. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 69.7% of the population is White, 17.1% is Hispanic, 7.1% is Asian, 4.3% is Two or more races, 2.7% is Black or African American, 1.0% is American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.3% is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander as of 2022.

Table 1.5: Marin County Population by Race or Ethnicity Race or Ethnicity Percent
White, alone 69.7
Hispanic, Non-white 17.1
Asian, alone 7.1
Two or More Races 4.3
Black or African American, alone 2.7
American Indian or Alaska Native, alone 1.0
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, alone 0.3
Table 1.5: Marin County Population by Race or Ethnicity Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2022 Survey
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
29 The average family size in Marin County as of 2022 is 2.97, and the average household size is

2.41 with an approximate home ownership rate of 63.6%. As of 2022, 70.9% of the housing stock was single family structures, 27.3% was multi-family structures, and 1.8% were mobile homes and other types of units. In unincorporated Marin County, the largest proportion of the housing stock was built from 1960 to 1979, with 10,258 units constructed during this period.

Since 2010, 1.2% of the current housing stock was built, which equates to 360 units.

Table 1.6: Marin County Housing Stock
2022 and 2018
Year Total
Units
Single Family Multi-Family Mobile
Detached Attached 2 to 4 5 plus Homes
Marin County
2022 Number 111,879 68,004 11,314 8,524 22,013 1,984
Percent 100.0% 60.8% 10.1% 7.6% 19.7% 1.8%
2018 Number 112,294 68,697 11,318 8,307 21,986 1,986
Percent 100.0% 61.2% 10.1% 7.4% 19.6% 1.8%
California
2022 Number 14,583,998 8,341,577 1,010,851 1,168,669 3,500,674 562,223 Percent 100.0% 57.2% 6.9% 8.0% 24.0% 3.9%
2018 Number 14,157,502 8,160,864 985,926 1,129,761 3,318,946 562,005 Percent 100.0% 57.6% 7.0% 8.0% 23.4% 4.0%
Table 1.6: Marin County Housing Stock
Source: California Department of Finance
Table 1.7: Marin County Jurisdictional Housing Stock
2022 and 2018
Year Total
Units
Single Family Multi-Family Mobile
Detached Attached 2 to 4 5 plus Homes
Unincorporated Marin County
2022
Number 29,293 22,456 1,875 1,443 2,939 580
Percent 100.00% 76.66% 6.40% 6.43% 10.03% 1.98%
2018
Number 29,723 22,833 1,909 1,409 2,993 579
Percent 100.00% 76.82% 6.42% 4.74% 10.07% 1.95%
City of Belvedere
2022
Number 1,062 890 51 84 37 0
Percent 100.00% 83.80% 4.80% 7.91% 3.48% 0.00%
2018
Number 1,048 881 49 81 37 0
Percent 100.00% 84.06% 4.68% 7.73% 3.53% 0.00%
City of Larkspur
2022
Number 6,460 2,653 439 479 2,614 275
Percent 100.00% 41.07% 6.80% 7.41% 40.46% 4.26%
2018
Number 6,479 2,650 427 488 2,625 289
Percent 100.00% 40.90% 6.59% 7.53% 40.52% 4.46%
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
30 City of Mill Valley
2022
Number 6,521 4,269 648 380 1,210 14
Percent 100.00% 65.47% 9.94% 5.83% 18.56% 0.21%
2018
Number 6,509 4,296 657 331 1,212 13
Percent 100.00% 66.00% 10.09% 5.09% 18.62% 0.20%
City of Novato
2022
Number 21,337 12,465 3,395 1,362 3,572 543
Percent 100.00% 58.42% 15.91% 6.38% 16.74% 2.54%
2018
Number 21,448 12,581 3,427 1,335 3,557 548
Percent 100.00% 58.66% 15.98% 6.22% 16.58% 2.56%
City of San Rafael
2022
Number 24,631 11,318 2,490 2,174 8,235 413
Percent 100.00% 45.95% 10.11% 8.83% 33.43% 1.68%
2018
Number 24,078 11,123 2,399 2,090 8,059 407
Percent 100.00% 46.20% 9.96% 8.68% 33.47% 1.69%
City of Sausalito
2022
Number 4,435 1,711 802 934 906 82
Percent 100.00% 38.58% 18.08% 21.06% 20.43% 1.85%
2018
Number 4,581 1,776 829 953 938 85
Percent 100.00% 38.77% 18.10% 20.80% 20.48% 1.86%
Town of Corte Madera
2022
Number 4,182 2,468 621 376 717 0
Percent 100.00% 59.01% 14.85% 8.99% 17.14% 0.00%
2018
Number 4,207 2,498 609 373 727 0
Percent 100.00% 59.38% 14.48% 8.87% 17.28% 0.00%
Town of Fairfax
2022
Number 3,486 2,185 338 499 451 13
Percent 100.00% 62.68% 9.70% 14.31% 12.94% 0.37%
2018
Number 3,594 2,281 345 486 469 13
Percent 100.00% 63.47% 9.60% 13.52% 13.05% 0.36%
Town of Ross
2022
Number 882 817 17 23 25 0
Percent 100.00% 92.63% 1.93% 2.61% 2.83% 0.00%
2018
Number 892 831 16 19 26 0
Percent 100.00% 93.16% 1.79% 2.13% 2.91% 0.00%
Town of San Anselmo
2022
Number 5,539 4,177 266 376 683 37
Percent 100.00% 75.41% 4.80% 6.79% 12.33% 0.67%
2018
Number 5,563 4,211 269 356 690 37
Percent 100.00% 75.70% 4.84% 6.40% 12.40% 0.67%
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
31 Town of Tiburon
2022
Number 4,051 2,645 386 383 624 14
Percent 100.00% 65.29% 9.53% 9.45% 15.40% 0.35
2018
Number 4,036 2,644 384 370 624 14
Percent 100.00% 65.51% 9.51% 9.17% 15.46% 0.35%
Table 1.7: Marin County Jurisdictional Housing Stock
Source: California Department of Finance

1.5.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
A critical facility may be defined as one that is essential in providing utility or direction either during the response to an emergency or during the recovery operation. FEMA uses the following three categories of critical assets (Essential Facilities, High Potential Loss Facilities, and Infrastructure Systems). Essential facilities are those that if damaged would have devastating impacts on disaster response and/or recovery. High potential loss facilities are those that would have a high loss or impact on the community. Infrastructure systems are a third category of critical assets.

Marin County maintains a listing of critical facilities in Marin County and the list is categorized according to FEMA’s critical facility definition. Additionally, each jurisdiction in Marin County lists the critical facilities specific to that jurisdiction. The following are general categories of critical facilities in the Marin County OA:

Critical facilities include, without limitation, public safety, emergency response, emergency medical, designated emergency shelters, communications, public utility plant facilities and equipment, and government operations.
• Public Safety - Police stations, fire and rescue stations, emergency operations centers • Emergency Response - Emergency vehicle and equipment storage and essential governmental work centers for continuity of government operations • Emergency Medical - Hospitals, emergency care, urgent care, ambulance services • Designated Emergency Shelters
• Communications - Main hubs for telephone, main broadcasting equipment for television systems, radio and other emergency warning systems • Public Utility Plant Facilities - including equipment for treatment, generation, storage, pumping and distribution (hubs for water, wastewater, power and gas) • Essential Government Operations - Public records, courts, jails, building permitting and inspection services, government administration and management, maintenance and equipment centers, and public health
• Transportation Lifeline Systems - Airports, helipads, and critical highways, roads, bridges and other transportation infrastructure (Note: Critical highways, roads, etc. will be determined during any hazard-specific evacuation planning and are not identified in this plan)
At risk population facilities include, without limitation, pre-schools, public and private primary and secondary schools, before and after school care centers with 12 or more students, daycare centers with 12 or more children, group homes, and assisted living residential or congregate care facilities with 12 or more residents.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
32 Hazardous materials facilities include, without limitation, any facility that could, if adversely impacted, release of hazardous material(s) in sufficient amounts during a hazard event that would create harm to people, the environment and property.

Transportation
Marin County has an ever-developing transportation system, with most travel concentrated along key highways and arterial streets. There are 5 Highways passing through, terminating, or located wholly in Marin County: Interstate 580, U.S. Route 101, State Route 1, State Route 37, and State Route 131.

Marin County is connected to surrounding communities by bridges. The Golden Gate Bridge is to the south; the Richmond/San Rafael Bridge is to the east; State Route 37 is to the northeast (across filled bay land over San Pablo Bay); and Highway 101 is to the north (which narrows to a 4-lane uncontrolled road that traverses San Antonio Creek). One of the major problems Marin County faces during an emergency is the possibility of being isolated from the surrounding communities and any resources or help. Light rail service recently began supplementing existing transportation options along U.S. Route 101 between Marin and Sonoma Counties.

Utilities
Municipal utilities in Marin County include water (drinking water, stormwater, sanitary sewerage), power (electricity and natural gas), telecommunications, and solid waste. Several water management utilities supply treated water for domestic and fire suppression purposes.

These distribution systems rely largely on the County’s topography for collecting surface water, storing it in reservoirs, and distributing it with gravity-fed systems. As such, the water management utilities are separated by both functional area and geography, but they are working more and more to coordinate within watersheds.

Marin Municipal Water District (MMWD) is the largest water district in Marin, serving central and southern portions of the county east of Mount Tamalpais and Bolinas Ridge. North Marin Water District (NMWD) serves Novato and communities along Tomales Bay including Olema, Point Reyes Station, Inverness, and Dillon Beach. Bolinas and Stinson Beach, two communities in West Marin, have separate water and sanitary districts. To include the Bolinas Community Public Utility District. Inverness Public Utility District is the primary water utility for Inverness Park and the Estero Mutual Water Company serves Dillon Beach. There are 23 agencies providing wastewater services in Marin County, including special districts, municipalities, JPAs and the Federal and State government.

Stormwater utilities such as open channels, catch basins and storm drains are managed by the cities, towns, and the county in unincorporated areas and are coordinated through the Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program (MCSTOPPP). Additionally, the Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District maintains some larger drainage infrastructure where zones have been designated. The District and some cities/towns such as San Rafael, Corte Madera, and Novato operate stormwater pump stations.

Natural gas and electricity distribution occurs through infrastructure owned and maintained by PG&E, a private utility corporation. Natural gas is piped into Marin from the central valley around the North Bay through Solano, Napa, and Sonoma Counties. The main transmission pipelines are underground along Highway 101 and flow south, branching into local distribution lines and private laterals. PG&E also brings power into Marin around the North Bay on overhead l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
33 transmission lines that emanate from the Ignacio substation in Novato. Additional substations are located along Hwy 101 in Las Gallinas, San Rafael, Greenbrae, and Mill Valley to the South and in Novato, Stafford, Tocaloma, Olema, Bolinas and Woodacre to the North and East.

Telecommunications include telephone service, cable television and wireless services. AT&T maintains infrastructure for providing landlines, while Comcast provides cable television. A variety of cellular and wireless service companies operate in Marin and provide access points in the form of cellular towers, wireless antennas and equipment.

There are six solid waste haulers that operate within Marin County organized geographically and with agreements with cities and towns. All of this garbage, recycling, and greenwaste is brought to one of two processing centers; Redwood Landfill in Novato and Marin Resource Recovery Center in San Rafael.

1.5.3 NATURAL, HISTORICAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Assessing Marin County’s vulnerability to disaster also involves inventorying the natural, historical, and cultural assets of the area. This step is important for the following reasons:
• The community may decide that these types of resources warrant a greater degree of protection due to their unique and irreplaceable nature and contribution to the overall economy.
• In the event of a disaster, an accurate inventory of natural, historical and cultural resources allows for more prudent care in the disaster’s immediate aftermath when the potential for additional impacts is higher.
• The rules for reconstruction, restoration, rehabilitation, and/or replacement are often different for these types of designated resources.
• Natural resources can have beneficial functions that reduce the impacts of natural hazards.

Natural Resources
Marin County is located along California’s Pacific Coast (between San Francisco and Sonoma), including 72 miles of coastline. The highest point in the county, Mount Tamalpais, is 2,572 feet above sea level. The county has many microclimates with varying weather patterns, but the climate is generally Mediterranean with an average annual temperature of 56.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

The Marin Countywide Plan divides the 606 square miles of land and water that make up Marin County into four distinct environmental regions called corridors. Each corridor is based on specific geographical and environmental characteristics and natural boundaries:
• The Coastal Corridor is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and is primarily designated for federal parklands, recreational uses, agriculture, and the preservation of existing small coastal communities.
• The Inland Rural Corridor, in the central and northwestern part of the county, is primarily designated for agriculture and compatible uses, and for preservation of existing small communities.
• The City-Centered Corridor, along Highway 101 in the eastern part of the county near San Francisco and San Pablo bays, is primarily designated for urban development and l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
34 for protection of environmental resources. This corridor is divided into six planning areas generally based on watersheds.
• The Baylands Corridor, encompassing lands along the shoreline of San Francisco, San Pablo, and Richardson bays, provides heightened recognition of the unique environmental characteristics of this area and the need to protect its important resources. The area generally contains marshes, tidelands, and diked lands that were once wetlands or part of the bays, and adjacent, largely undeveloped uplands.

Figure 1.7: Marin County Environmental Corridors
Source: Marin Countywide Plan
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
SOURCE.. COunly or Morn
c:J C,>u,ily Bo'°""'IJ'
D Ci)' Boundiuy
= t,tgl,W'$)0, •I'd M•jot R<iild5
Water ,Bodies
l.8kt:5 Em,lronm!!nlial Corrldaro
B~ods COfiidol
LJ Clrf.C..,10,..,; COni:lor
D ""RtJ,.1J COOidor
~ICmlDI<
N
D , A
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
35 Within its environmental corridors, Marin County is home to a number of diverse and important natural communities, from coastal marine environments to bay marshlands and mudflats, riparian habitats, and an upland mosaic of forests, woodlands, grasslands, and chaparral.

Figure 1.8: Marin County Habitat Types
Source: Marin Countywide Plan
Since the mid-19th century, grazing, logging, agriculture, road building, and development have markedly altered the natural landscape in Marin County. The continued loss of oak woodland, oak savannah, and other native woodland habitat through their conversion to primarily urban l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Ban-er»'Rod(BAl
Ct,.,par (CA/COi
D c...., S.11 lwoh IHCI
O eo., · Scrub lCK/NCj
D Oooglos , .. /RO<l,rood ..,..,.. fOl'IRDj
O oime jOU j
D Frest,,,-. Manh jHTIHJI
D Gni-Agrioul-. V,.G/j,jG.loiMIIG)
D N-31i .. ~-.in .. <Sonib jOZIIC-'lt.lllS)
D O.,k Woodlond (QAIOO/OG/Q.)
O..kl&y Woodlord (tllXKJBI
LJ Pin..Cyi;ross FGrest (t,11.l'l.el/PR,PMI
Rodwoa:I FDl=1 IRWI
D Rip;,ri"'1 SallblWGa:llond (~EIQO/OYM\.)
D Urbm,JtJom:,pedl(E)WB)
n. · puYdlc•~m ir.~taAat~
111lrlK.1-<l.-tb,htU~flA. f~i!'.n-.:::alaimrilfl•~
2D4\IU:EJAlk>.i~ ~ M::lc::i6.dUSt:MiFo:::ll•SI:::'.,;... ·~...!:::.~,;.,.,_-~----- Legend
[:~] Ca.mty Boor.t..y
D City 8:Jl,r;xlal)'
0 1 2
-- Highways .andl M..,r Roads
Streams
-- P.eti!!nnlilll
-- KT~ille!l1il!
E:ph,,meral
11 .. ~-.,g~q:Jlil:GGfiltiil.PUiilPlRPCililili
liif.COUll't' ~..,._...lti!IIOT ~(RU!'AJ; R!lR
US:G' lhtl~ la'DIDITl~FtHIPClliC
t-. ~1,.JD
+
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
36 uses resulted in the adoption of the County Native Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance in 1999. This regulates the removal of native trees and is intended to use local regulations to protect sensitive resources. Sensitive natural communities are natural community types that are considered particularly rare or threatened by the California Natural Diversity Data Base of the California Department of Fish and Game. Sensitive natural community types in Marin include, but are not limited to, coastal and valley freshwater marsh, freshwater seep and spring, riparian forest and woodland, coastal brackish marsh, coastal terrace prairie, central dune scrub, coastal bluff scrub, northern coastal salt marsh, northern maritime chaparral, northern vernal pool, serpentine bunchgrass, valley needlegrass grasslands, old growth redwood and Douglas fir forests, and deciduous woodlands dominated by valley oaks or Oregon white oak.

Marin County’s abundance of natural resources and progressive environmental leadership have supported a long legacy of open space preservation to help protect and restore wetlands and other ecosystems for both habitat and flood control, amongst other co-benefits. The Marin Countywide Plan includes goals, policies, and implementing programs for the acquisition, conservation, and restoration of wetlands, riparian areas, and other habitats.

Watersheds and Wetlands
Marin’s watersheds and wetlands are some of its most valuable assets and can provide protective functions that reduce the magnitude of hazard events. Bounded by ridges, Marin’s watersheds carry water, sediments, nutrients, and more, downstream into large water bodies including the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco Bay, and Tomales Bay. Wetlands can be found in the lower watersheds, with habitat types including fresh-, salt-, and brackish-water marshes which provide food and shelter for a variety of flora and fauna, including special status plants, fish, birds, amphibians, and mammals. These ecosystems can also buffer flood impacts by reducing wave attenuation from storm surge or serve as detention basins during large rainfall events. Sea level rise threats have led to heightened interest in the use of wetlands and other living shorelines such as oyster beds, eelgrass, and sand dunes as adaptation strategies to protect lives and properties while providing habitat, recreation, carbon sequestration, and other co-benefits.

One of the goals of Marin County is to avoid and minimize potential adverse impacts on existing wetlands and to encourage programs for restoration and enhancement of degraded wetlands.

By establishing a Wetland Conservation Area, the County seeks to require that development to avoid wetland areas so that the existing wetlands and upland buffers are preserved and opportunities for enhancement are retained. Maintaining and enhancing wetlands serves to reduce the costs of flood damage, water pollution, and water supply redistribution. Several living shoreline pilot projects are currently underway throughout Marin County to demonstrate their effectiveness.

The Marin County Watershed Program identifies fourteen watersheds throughout the County.

The following pages provide information about watersheds in the unincorporated area of the County.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
37 Figure 1.9: Marin County Wetlands
Source: Marin Countywide Plan
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
:~:· \ .. 4,'
:_ ., ... "";.,.

I;, • I -\ ".•$ ~
•• , .- ·-;..~_ :
rv-~"'L.:.
~.!E. D:dla:f!hm!!lli ~ lcnal ,WrlaD.,.rf:rl
~nb!t111161a.-.bi::ii.lil.-~
I .
('- . . \ . • L,. ' ◄ .... '!., . .,, .
':-.:J Coonly Boundary
DcilyBoor<f.,.,
== Mbjor Road's
Wollands I S~e•m•
C]w ... nd,
--l'eelVIW
lnl""'""'""L
!Efti"""~r.tl
I 2
~iMU.~FtAGaalJL.'A.M~ 'aloCOAIT1G'IIMRhiSillOt'Ra.-~CiA l v.alJ: Fmlllli:a MlliF'M'rOal!T,l,~FUIPCl!IIE" +
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
38 Figure 1.10: Marin County Watersheds
Source: Marin Countywide Plan
Bolinas Lagoon
With a 16.7 mi2 watershed, Bolinas Lagoon consists of mudflats, marshes, tidal channels and a flood shoal island. Other watershed habitats include coastal scrub, Douglas fir, redwood forests, and grasslands as well as small patches of eucalyptus, oak and oak-bay woodland, and pine cypress forest. Noteworthy species include ridgeway and black rails, salt marsh common yellowthroat, California red-legged frog, California brown pelican, American peregrine falcon, l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
[_.J Ca!Jnfy BoundarJ
Ocit111ou""'"1'
= ~h""'F•r>:l Map Road>
Water Bodies
LJ L>ire,
D L>g,:,oll~
M.;,r Wai...hods
•.llLLER Cfi/£E.K Wa l>nhod t4.,,, ..

NSIWl'Mldi~~Fal~ff:VII
11&' m.MffCI- IIIWthlS.~ ~-.SQA
~
UliA.lt:P:11. JS~ D>a'MAIII~ r1'5DmaEmPUIF'DE
Da.n1pllmS
+
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
39 Point Reyes mountain beaver, Point Reyes jumping mouse, Coho salmon, steelhead trout, northern spotted owl, black swift, and Marin manzanita.

In 2008 the “Bolinas Lagoon Ecosystem Restoration Project: Recommendations for Restoration and Management” was completed by a working group of community representatives and scientists, with recommended actions including restoring natural sediment transport and ecological functions of the lagoon, identifying and managing non-native species, and protecting water quality. The Marin County Parks’ Bolinas Wye Wetlands Resiliency Project also serves to restore habitat, improve road safety, and adapt to sea level rise in Bolinas Lagoon.

Estero Americano
The County’s northernmost watershed, the 49 mi2 Estero Americano watershed straddles the Marin and Sonoma County boundaries. Americano Creek draining into Bodega Bay, is the watershed’s only tributary, and is ephemeral, generally drying up for 4-6 months between late spring and fall. The Estero Americano contains 301 acres of open water, and 412 acres of wetland habitat with mudflats, seasonal brackish marsh and freshwater marsh. With streamside habitat of grazed pastures with few trees interspersed with dense willow thickets, and coastal oak woodland in the upper watershed, Estero Americano has been identified by the California Department of Fish and Game as among the most significant habitat areas in the State. The watershed’s special status species include the Northwestern pond turtle, steelhead trout, California red-legged frog, Myrtle’s silverspot butterfly, tidewater goby, and tricolored blackbird.

A 1987 enhancement plan led to repair of many of the watershed’s eroded areas, which was undertaken by the Gold Ridge Resource Conservation District (RCD) with funding from the State Coastal Conservancy. In 2007 the RCD developed the Estero Americano Watershed Management Plan.

Gallinas Creek
Located in Eastern Marin, the 5.6 mi
2 watershed has two main drainage areas; the north fork and South Gallinas Slough. The watershed is highly urbanized with fragmented native plant communities. Upper watershed habitats include annual grasslands interspersed with mixed evergreen forest, coastal scrub and small outcroppings of serpentine habitat. Continuous with China Camp State Park is a large tract of oak-bay woodland along the southern watershed boundary. Lower marsh habitats represent some of the largest remaining tidally influenced habitats in the Bay Area with noteworthy special status species including the San Pablo song sparrow, California black rail, salt marsh harvest mouse and the ridgeway rail.

A three-acre tidal marsh restoration effort by the Marin Audubon Society and Marin Community Foundation was completed in 1977. The Friends of Gallinas Creek, San Pablo Watershed Restoration Program Partners, the Bay Institute and Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program are planning extensive restoration in the upper and lower watershed to improve riparian cover, provide habitat, reduce erosion, and restore wetlands.

Tomales Bay
The Tomales Bay Watershed encompasses the subwatersheds of Lagunitas Creek, Walker Creek, Inverness Creek, and east shore drainages including Millerton Gulch, Grand Canyon, and Tomasini Canyon. Resource rich, nearly 500 species of birds and the most robust l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
40 population of native coho salmon remaining in the Central Coast region are supported by the Bay. Tomales Bay is a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance with intertidal, subtidal, and benthic habitas, as well as dunes, mud flats, salt marshes and freshwater marshes. Eelgrass beds are also found throughout Tomales Bay, and provide important habitat for fish, birds, and other species, while combatting shoreline erosion by dampening wave energy and storms.

The Tomales Bay Watershed Stewardship Plan was completed in 2003. Restoration projects are underway in the Walker and Lagunitas Creek areas.

Miller Creek
With a watershed covering 12 mi2, Miller creek uniquely has a relatively intact riparian area with very high widths and depths relative to its drainage area. While relatively urbanized, the watershed still supports a small population of steelhead. Its lower marsh habitats include some of the Bay Area’s largest remaining tidally-influenced habitats that support abundant waterfowl.

The watershed is dominated by annual grasslands interspersed with oak-bay woodland and oak savanna in the upper watershed with patches of chaparral. Middle reaches are primarily urbanized. The watershed’s lower reaches east of Highway 101 support saltwater and brackishwater marshes subject to tidal action.

Noteworthy special status species include the San Pablo Song Sparrow, California black rail, saltmarsh harvest mouse, ridgeway rail and steelhead trout.

Novato Creek
As Eastern Marin’s largest watershed, Novato Creek Watershed’s creeks flow eastward through oak and bay forests, grasslands, unincorporated Marin County, and the City of Novato, and into San Pablo Bay near the mouth of the Petaluma River. The basin is 45 mi 2 and its main drainage
is the 17 mi2 Novato Creek, which has 6 major tributaries. Diverse habitat types include saltwater marsh, brackish marsh, freshwater wetlands, oak woodlands, annual grasslands and oak savanna. Special status species include the San Pablo Song Sparrow, California black rail, saltmarsh common yellowthroat, ridgeway rail and Western pond turtle. Salmonids including steelhead and Chinook salmon are also found within the watershed.

Point Reyes National Seashore Creeks
This watershed is comprised of almost 100 mi2 of land and nearly 80 miles of undeveloped coastline, with subwatersheds that drain into Drake’s Estero, Abbotts Lagoon, Estero de Limanotour, the Pacific Ocean, portions of the Bolinas Lagoon and the Tomales Bay. Habitat types include estuaries, mud flats, sandy shores, intertidal communities and a variety of upland habitats. Special-status species include the endemic Mountain Beaver, Point Reyes jumping mouse, California freshwater shrimp, Myrtle’s silverspot, Point Reyes blue butterfly, San Francisco forktail damselfly and steelhead trout.

Richardson Bay
With San Francisco Bay’s second largest eelgrass bed, Richardson Bay supports genetically diverse and extensive intertidal habitat. As an Important Bird Area along the Pacific Flyway, the Bay supports hundreds of thousands of migrating waterbirds during the winter months.

Noteworthy special-status species include the California black rail, San Pablo song sparrow, salt marsh harvest mouse, and Point Reyes bird’s-beak.

Salmonids including steelhead trout are also supported. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
41 Ross Valley
Receiving over 50 inches of rain annually, the 28 mi2 Ross Valley watershed is one of Marin County’s wettest areas. With 28 miles of stream channels, the watershed supports a great diversity of habitats including redwood forests, serpentine outcrops, chaparral, oak woodlands, grasslands and tidal wetlands. Special status wildlife include steelhead trout, spotted owls, San Pablo song sparrow, ridgeway and black rails, and salt marsh harvest mouse.

Led by the Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, the Ross Valley Flood Protection & Watershed Program’s objective is to reduce flooding throughout the watershed.

Creek improvements being considered include debris clearance, invasive vegetation removal, creek bank stabilization, and habitat enhancement.

Rush Creek
At the Northern edge of Novato, Rush Creek’s wetland habitats includes coastal saltwater and coastal brackish water marsh habitats. The wetlands provide suitable habitat for San Pablo song sparrow, California black rail, saltmarsh common yellowthroat, California brackishwater snail, and ridgeway rail. Restoration efforts include the Rush Creek and Bahia restoration projects.

San Antonio Creek
Covering around 25% of the Petaluma River watershed, the San Antonio Creek watershed extends from Antonio Mountain and Chileno Valley in the northwest to Petaluma Marsh and the Petaluma River to the southeast. The upper San Antonio Creek watershed is dominated by annual grassland and mixed evergreen forest with patches of oak and bay woodland. The lower watershed includes extensive coastal salt marsh and brackish marsh. Special status species include the California black rail, ridgeway rail, salt marsh common yellowthroat, San Pablo song sparrow, Townsend’s big-eared bat, California red-legged frog, northwestern pond turtle, and salt marsh harvest mouse.

Limited salmonids have also been recorded in the watershed.

The Petaluma River Watershed Enhancement Plan was completed by the Southern Sonoma County RCD in 1999 with information on riparian and fisheries enhancement. In 2008 the Southern Sonoma County RCD completed the San Antonio Creek Watershed Plan in tandem with local landowners and residents.

San Rafael Creek
The 11 mi2 San Rafael watershed is densely developed from its hills to filled wetlands. A small marsh at Pickleweed Park provides habitat for native species, and the watershed’s northern edge include intact woodland, grassland and lagoon areas.

Southern Coastal Creeks
Several smaller watersheds along over 10 miles of southern Marin’s rugged coastlines are protected within National and State Park boundaries. These include Webb Creek, Lone Tree Creek, Cold Stream, Redwood Creek, Alder Creek, Rodeo Lagoon and Tennessee Valley. A variety of habitat types exist amongst these watersheds including seasonal wetlands, riparian woodlands, and freshwater marsh. Special status species include Coho salmon, steelhead trout, l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
42 California red-legged frog, monarch butterflies, northwestern pond turtle, northern spotted owl and more.

Stemple Creek
Bisected by the Sonoma-Marin County boundary, this 50 mi2 watershed begins just west of Petaluma and empties into the Pacific Ocean through the Estero de San Antonio. Like Estero Americano, the Estero de San Antonio was identified by the California Department of Fish and Game as among the most significant habitat areas in California with densely wooded riparian ravines, saltgrass areas, mudflats, eelgrass beds and freshwater ponds. Special-state species include the California freshwater shrimp, northwestern Pond Turtle, tidewater goby, Myrtle’s silverspot butterfly, and the California red-legged frog.

In 1994 an enhancement plan was completed, leading to local landowner gully stabilization projects to reduce erosion. The Marin and Sonoma County RCDs, along with the Natural Resources Conservation Service have brought funding into the watershed to improve water quality.

Baylands
Baylands are areas between historic high and low tide elevations. The baylands ecosystem in Marin County forms a varied pattern of open water, tidal marshes and mudflats, rocky shoreline, seasonal wetlands, and adjacent uplands. Baylands ecosystems are vital to the health of San Pablo, San Francisco, and Tomales bays and have undergone tremendous change, as historical tidal areas were diked for agricultural use, marshes filled and drained for development, and channels dredged and straightened for navigation. An estimated 82% of the historic tidal marshlands along the edge of the San Francisco Bay–Delta Estuary has been filled or altered.

Marin County seeks to a establish bayland buffer zones between development and remaining or historic tidelands and wetlands in order to enhance the diversity of its baylands ecosystems and reduce the costs of flood damage, water pollution, and habitat degradation.

Grasslands and Forests
Marin County has extensive topographic diversity that supports a variety of vegetation types.

Environmental factors, such as temperature, precipitation, soil type, aspect, slope, and land use history, all help determine the existing vegetation at any given location. In the central and eastern parts of the county, north-facing slopes are usually densely wooded from lower elevations to ridge peaks with a mixture of mostly hardwood tree species such as coast live oak, California bay, Pacific madrone, and other oak species.

Grasslands with a mixture of native and nonnative annual and perennial plant species occur most often in the northern and western parts of the county due to a combination of soil type, lower rainfall, and a long history of ranching. The southern and western slopes tend to have a higher percentage of grasslands.

In the west portion of the county closer to the coast, where precipitation is higher and marine influence is greater, most areas are densely forested with conifer species including Bishop pine, Douglas fir, coast redwood, and associated hardwood species. Chaparral vegetation also occurs in parts of the county, especially on steeper south- and west-facing slopes.

Insect infestations and plant diseases, such as California oak mortality syndrome (Sudden Oak Death), are increasing and threaten to change the structure and overall health of native plant l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
43 communities in Marin County. Sudden Oak Death has had a major impact on native habitats in Marin since its initial detection in the mid-1990s in Mill Valley, The pathogen believed to be a major cause of Sudden Oak Death, Phytophthora ramorum, is known to affect at least 31 species of plants. Two other plant diseases prevalent in Marin County are pitch canker (which affects conifers such as Bishop pine and other pine species), and madrone twig dieback (which affects Pacific madrones).

Oak woodland and savannah are also threatened by development. The continued loss of oak woodland, oak savannah, and other native woodland habitat through their conversion to primarily urban uses in the County resulted in the adoption of the County Native Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance in 1999. This regulates the removal of native trees and is intended to use local regulations to protect sensitive resources.

Geology
Marin County is located within the central portion of the Coast Range Physiographic Province of California, composed of a series of northwest-southeast aligned coastal mountain chains dominated by the San Andreas Fault Zone. The geology of Marin County is distinctly different on either San Andreas Fault, with areas east of the fault dominated by the Franciscan Formation and associated mélange and west of the fault by granitic rocks and overlying sedimentary rocks. Areas located east of the San Andreas Fault, have a geology dominated by Cretaceous and Jurassic Age Franciscan Complex bedrock composed of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, serpentine, and sheared mélange. Overlying the bedrock is a layer of colluvium and soil of varying thickness. Slopes underlain by the sheared mélange bedrock tend to have a higher density of deep seated landslides compared to those areas underlain by more competent sandstone. Alluvial sediments made up of unconsolidated sands, gravels, and silts are found along the valley bottoms.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
44 Figure 1.11: Marin County Geologic Units (East of San Andreas Fault) Source: Marin Countywide Plan
Geologic; t'Ytip Units
&.irficiill D~osits
Qaf.liftiiieial Fi0
llnJA1ii,;i~ Filo'll!lrMiill'Sle and Minh Dtp<ds
Ct.·9'1~f'i~nd!
D:t• l).nt Sar-d
On.-,'al'Slt -and Mi11G h 0(4)0SCi (J:5,b't4.ijfhll!posit:. lli1·10u'lium
- llJ- 1.kdi~~n'liaie-d! Swicill Oepo~,
D>al-Oli!ert41u1'iurn
ll-Mlril'lt ~ d 'Strt.m T itQt,t O!po~iti
O'ni.JAUtrltlrl f (lmvlio,i
Ck:-Oiilmiilfom.tii;n
Rocks Wes1 Of And Wilhin The San Andreas Fault Zone
UfrrtM?rced Rim\a:iori
Tse-Sn.a Clui Mlldi:Wlll
Tm-M..ne"y Sh-a lt
Rocks: Ea-st Of And With in The San Andf@as fiill'-'1 lone Tw11-VLbon UIO~ f(ll'1'TV!ion
111111 f,-.,.smo,rui \hle:3nk:s 111111 Ts-Unr1:umd Sal'Jdstone f ranoi 101n Com pl•)(
Hf.S:.l'ld:!:IIGl'lt.ll"td $Nila
nl-Un"l!:,t.one Jnd O\en
t.1g-Gre<enSWl'lt!
""""°"
~.(;r-a" ~~ll
~ Cbba511
KJtn,Mm,O~y_u:1:1kae
K.tth-Oli!R
t'JQC- Cceensone ;and OIEft
~ -Greenstme
Jtn~t-tata-()unstori,a
..ltNh-Met.W-.•n
Jrngo-t.a.1-Cft~Ol'le :!ndli11!21chE:rt
)ts-Ch!eRStOM
Jtng-~m,:rph~ Rx:IG, Gneis:s:ic
tr-Melangia
Oru t V~l•y Co tl'!pl l!c<
KJp ll'ldii.4~ SJlrdJtol\e , 5h!le, and Congl«ntt3le
V.gwi- ttr«o Co~lorneme
.. l(.Jl116-S•mdsone.in,i Cla)Sone
.. iP·St:IP'ln'linh
Ill '°' smc:1,, C:artM:111 Riek
e[?,
•'
I ,,. . ,.,..,,..;..o.., " . - )' ... . -~-w J - "*.· ' •··~ ----- _' / 1 ;-;:.",<-, '• · "- I / K· ', ' · ' ' l ' --,,. J •~ , it·) ,_.~· I,~ I,-{._(' •
~ ).·,:' ..r,. i.. • -'I ' - h I E--:; w '~ ir~~ ',, '1 \_\•·")_ ..... '!, ~ \ ' "\. ""
·,·\,fr....
_,.- ;-~
r_v~ } . ',J
' I ,: • - --.~ I J V. ' °'\. \ ' __ ., " 1· ---....;,/ ·- """' l -1., • .. - - ·.,,-~,,...--, · , . 1_ j J • . , ." ·'1 l \ _ .__ f' "· :., _.-....
- .;,_' .~. { : -~' k \ ' /
-~.~~-~-~, _,., \ '1 , .. '\ ~ ,I ( . ./ , ~ :-: ~ ,-..-!~!.,.'-.---~i.-J--- J ,J .. , ,, \ ,_. . • ' ). CJ • '" ) '\, _I, 1 .~. < ' • ,I I . ' ' ,_,. ... - ,· ..,. ,' ,. -- / .r' I . r ' . J I\. ,.) r
.,..1,, -:.~- • \-
,..,, -l. t \_
' ·~
f i
~1
~ I '
r::::] County B oundar;
c~:J City Boundary
= Hlgn
ways and Major Roads
Streams
Perennial
I nterm ittent
Water Bodi es
D Lakes
D Lagoons
f ~i
r , u·n (•,A
~-:- __ -'1 ;~ / \ , (~-!'? v / ·- ; - ' .- - • • ! )t,.}- :.1:( /_.., • • , - I _,,.. ' ,. I '- ~- . •
l
; IJ ,
-~ / _,_- ' ~\ ;c,- --~ - , f"'ll:t ; ............... -' ~•'';>; - ~-(°\ ' ) i- :~ ' "~' , .
-~
:; 1 , ·- , -· , ·:Sa ~{'llC~b~-:i WiH,L"""@.*~
.._ ,., \1\ ·1 " l'' r .,. °"""' ._ ! -~
, t • .,_- , 0 ·. i
kt,/ ,~ r l ,; ~~~~ ..,._ ,
N
A
r,~c: \ r f / ,.,. • ....~
•
. -..,( 1 : I ••-
o,... , '..J /l \ in ti ., ..
• \ . • "b .i
•·. t . .:,-' ; - 1 uro,, ."'" "'<. _I _ 1 "'=- .... II \ • I
~~re
Mies _.,-:;.~
h
·)>
;;,c .... - -<
z~
Cf)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
45 Figure 1.12: Marin County Geologic Units (West of San Andreas Fault) Source: Marin Countywide Plan
Geologic Map Units
as.Beach Sand ad-Sand Sheet an d Dune Deposits
Qa ~,Alluvi.Jm
Gls-Land sli de Deposis
Qo dOlder Dune Sands
ClMarine and Sire am Terrace Deposits
- Qoc-Olema Creek Formation
CJn i-Millerto n F ormalion QT
m-Merced Formation
Twg-Wtloon Gro~e Formation
Tp- Purisima Formation
_ _ Tse-Santa Cruz
Mudzone
- TsrreSanta Ma rgarita Sandsto ne
- - Tm-Monterey Shale
Tl-Laird Sandstone
~1'i-: •, ,I I .
,~-- ·J1
r~
/v i '?¾:. , - ,, l . J . I ·,
·,"'t: \s-,. 1· ..:.~
~
~ "
\ I • ' ~ " \ ' · • I ' ··, . I
,,\.[~°\
\ ·\i- \,
.
-:.._,
' .i J J _ .. , ,
• ' ' " })• I \ \ 1 i I ' ',t,/ ·- J ,~ - / .J .,._ . "'"Y.\. I ~- • ~• I / •, I. }. . ...-.
• ! - .... J---0, i .__ _ ' \ . J !
• ( • ,., .. ,_ - ~'- . ,\
":,-.-., i ' , \ I~ -- - · ', , ~ --l
-- ,1 . _r.....--, ..L.•••',·'-· • . • I . ' , .,
• \ ·, -•-, ' ,.__ • , (~1x ... _.,- ' ' ;_:'7_:_,,,.-_r .. - -... / \~ 1,t 1 ---·-, ,· -1 "_! - Ir ; ·., ,. r--;, ''· ,-, , \ . j 1-t ·- ·\ ~ i
• • •'"1 ;· - _;, ,,£ .... r
.,,,_i ',,. - I •· ~ J
, y .. ' :::---... ;;, ½,.ry,.,, \ ' ., ; ,i'•• "--~ I' :-;.\:f1.~ '
•Jo..,'I
.,
' I I ,, I}""""', •'< I ~-'1 , , :-,.._:
...

Tpr-Point Reyes Conglomerate of GallOWlly 1977
Kg.Porphyritic Granolliorte
Kgr, Granodiorite and Granite .. .. '•
f<i!d-Quartz Diorite
KJ(.fra nciscan Complex, Undivided
- m-Metamorphic Rocks
N
A
-==-=----====---Miles
4 e a
~ -··-··1 L__.; Co uni y Boundary
C::J City Boundary
-- Highways an d Major Roads
streams
-- Perennial
- --- lntermiUent
Water Bodies
LJ Lakes
c::::J Lagoons
'"f"
i
~ -\
::::::.::.,::, ...
iburo~
y-
! -
, i
... ·~ ~:
'~rpre ( 'l....J \ , .... ... -
h ,)>
;;,c -< --<
z~
Cf)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
46 Mineral Resource Zones are grouped by the State of California into four categories based on geologic factors, with Class 2 (MRZ-2) lands having the greatest importance. Class 2 sites are underlain by demonstrated mineral resources considered important to the region or the state as a whole. All of the Marin County’s mineral resource sites are identified by the State as Class 2, except for Ring Mountain, which is considered a Scientific Resource Zone (and therefore not a production site) due to the presence of rare geologic formations.

Figure 1.13: Marin County Mineral Resource Sites
Source: Marin Countywide Plan
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
! z ..:;;;;j(
.fi m
•• i I' J J • l I
j Ii . iii!
' ) ll . 11,
fif d 1•1
H " 1!1
dJ'- ~ -Ii! .i ~ i I " Ill
l..i i D I
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
47 Climate
Marin County has many microclimates with varying weather patterns, but the climate is generally Mediterranean with mild and wet winters and hot, dry summers. The average annual temperature is around 56.5 degrees. High temperatures normally range from 49 to 63 degrees in the summer months, which is cooler than most places in California. Low temperatures average around 42 degrees in the winter months, and rarely fall below freezing.

Precipitation generally increases with altitude. The topography in Marin County varies greatly, from sea level to elevations around 2,500 feet on Mount Tamalpais. Marin County averages 39 inches of rain per year, making it wetter than most places in California, though it rarely gets snow.

Figure 1.14 shows average annual precipitation and Figure 1.15 shows average annual temperature over time.

Figure 1.14: Marin County Average Precipitation 1895-2022 Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County, California Precipitation
January-December

80.00 in

70.00 in

60.00 in

50.00 in

40.00 in

30.00 in

20.00 in

10.00 in
2,032.00mm
1,778.00mm
1,524.00 mm

1.270.00mm
1,016.00mm
762.00mm
508.00 mm
254.00mm

0.00in4---~---.-----,---~--~--~--~--~--------~--~---+-o.oomm 1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 2022 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
48 Figure 1.15: Marin County Average Temperature 1895-2022 Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
Marin County can experience Northern California Diablo winds in the late summer through early winter. These easterly winds occur as systems of high-pressure form in the Great Basin and flow over the Sierra Nevada Mountains toward the Pacific Ocean. As winds flow over the Sierra Nevada, the winds compress, become warmer, and lower the relative humidity while drying out vegetation. As the winds move through canyons, they pick up speed and create strong gusts which can contribute to large and destructive wildfires.

Figure 1.16: Diablo Wind Patterns
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County, California Average Temperature
January-December
S9.0°F
ss.o·F

57.0' F
S6.0°F

55.0"F

54.0"F

53.0"F
1895-2022 Trend
(+2.1 "F/Century)
1s.o·c

14.4•c

13.9' C

13.3' C

12.s·c

12.2' C
ll.7' C

52.0"F+----.------..----.-----,----,-----,.-----.------.-----,-----,-----..----,----J-11.1•c 189S 190S 1915 1925 193S 194S 195S 1965 197S 1985 1995 2005 201S 2022 What creates
dangerous winds
The Diab lo winds that were forecast
for Northern California usually come
In the fall, but their behavior is hard
to predict because mountains,
valleys and even cloud formations
can alter their speed and dlrecton.
8 The excessive Q Squeezing through
wind can cause canyons and gaps of
power tines to the coastal mountain
topple and ranges, wind speed is
spark. setting dynamically Increased
fires. to over 40 mph.
~ G
0 High pressure builds
over the Great Basin.

Winds flow In a
clockwise direction ---+--◄
8 Jet stream adds ----1---+-=-~':f!
to downward push
of strong winds UTAH
0 Winds come Into
contact with warm
Central Valley air,
increasing its
temperature.

O High-pressure wind cascades over the Sierra
mountains. The air is compressed. increasing
temperature and reducing humidity.

Central Valley
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
49 Historic and Cultural Resources
Marin County has a large stock of historically significant homes, public buildings, and landmarks. To inventory these resources, the Marin County MJHMP Planning Team collected information from a number of sources. The California Department of Parks and Recreation Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) was the primary source of information. The OHP is responsible for the administration of federally and state mandated historic preservation programs to further the identification, evaluation, registration, and protection of California’s irreplaceable archaeological and historical resources. The OHP administers the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, California Historical Landmarks, and the California Points of Historical Interest programs. Each program has different eligibility criteria and procedural requirements. • The National Register of Historic Places is the nation’s official list of cultural resources worthy of preservation. The National Register is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect historic and archeological resources. Properties listed include districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. The National Register is administered by the National Park Service, which is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior. • The California Register of Historical Resources program encourages public recognition and protection of resources of architectural, historical, archeological, and cultural significance and identifies historical resources for state and local planning purposes, determines eligibility for state historic preservation grant funding, and affords certain protections under the California Environmental Quality Act. The Register is the authoritative guide to the state’s significant historical and archeological resources. • California Historical Landmarks are sites, buildings, features, or events that are of statewide significance and have anthropological, cultural, military, political, architectural, economic, scientific or technical, religious, experimental, or other value. Landmarks #770 and above are automatically listed in the California Register of Historical Resources.
• California Points of Historical Interest are sites, buildings, features, or events that are of local (city or county) significance and have anthropological, cultural, military, political, architectural, economic, scientific or technical, religious, experimental, or other value.

Points designated after December 1997 and recommended by the State Historical Resources Commission are also listed in the California Register.

It should be noted that as defined by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), any property over 50 years of age is considered a historic resource and is potentially eligible for the National Register. Thus, in the event that the property is to be altered, or has been altered, as the result of a major federal action, the property must be evaluated under the guidelines set forth by NEPA. Structural mitigation projects are considered alterations for the purpose of this regulation.

The Marin County OA has 52 places on the National Register of Historic Places. Notable architects that helped create the Marin County historic places including W.G. Carnes, Frank Lloyd Wright, James A. Shore, William Mercer and Solomon Pierce. Prominent architectural styles found in the Marin County OA are Bungalow/Craftsman, Italianate and Mission/Spanish Revival.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
50 Table 1.8: Historic Sites in Marin County
Name/Landmark
State Plaque
Number
National
Register
(NR)
State
Landmark
California
Register
Date
Listed
(NR)
Jurisdiction
AlexanderAcacia Bridge X 1/5/1984 Larkspur
Angel Island,
U.S. Immigration
Station (529)
X X X 10/14/1971 Tiburon
William G.

Barrett House X 6/17/1980 Sausalito
Boyd House X 12/17/1974 San Rafael
Bradford House X 6/6/1980 San Rafael
Camilo Ynitia
Adobe (210) X X Novato
China Camp
(924) X X X 4/26/1979 San Rafael
The Dipsea Trail X 6/4/2010 Mill Valley/
Stinson Beach
Dixie
Schoolhouse X 12/26/1972 San Rafael
Robert Dollar
Estate X 12/11/1972 San Rafael
Robert Dollar
House X 7/23/1991 San Rafael
Dolliver House X 5/22/1978 Larkspur
Drakes Bay
Historic and
Archeological
District
X 10/16/2012 Point Reyes
Station
Lord Charles
Snowden Fairfax
Home (679)
X X Fairfax
Fashion Shop
and Stephen
Porcella House
X 6/25/1980 Novato
First Sawmill in
Marin County
(207)
X X Mill Valley
Forts Baker,
Barry, and
Cronkhite
X 12/12/1973
Unincorporate
d Marin
County
Golden Gate
Bridge (974) X X
Unincorporate
d Marin
County
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
51 Table 1.8: Historic Sites in Marin County
Name/Landmark
State Plaque
Number
National
Register
(NR)
State
Landmark
California
Register
Date
Listed
(NR)
Jurisdiction
Green Brae
Brick Kiln Yard
(917)
X X X 3/24/1978 Larkspur
Griswold House X 9/12/1985 Sausalito
Hamilton Army
Air Field
Discontiguous
Historic District
X 11/20/1998 Novato
Larkspur
Downtown
Historic District
X 10/7/1982 Larkspur
Lighter Wharf
Site (221) X X Bolinas
Lyford's Stone
Tower X 12/2/1976 Tiburon
Benjamin and
Hilarita Lyford
House
X 11/10/2000 Tiburon
Marconi-RCA
Bolinas
Transmitting
Station
X 2/23/2018 Bolinas
Marin Art and
Garden Center X 6/6/2022 Ross
Marin City
Public Housing X 9/18/2017 Marin City
Marin County
Civic Center
(999)
X 7/17/1991 San Rafael
Marinship
Machine Shop X 12/20/2016 Sausalito
Erskine B.

McNear House X 1/11/1982 San Rafael
Miller Creek
School Indian
Mound
X 10/14/1971 San Rafael
Mission San
Rafael Arcangel
(220)
X X San Rafael
Mount
Tamalpais
Mountain
Theater
X 2/2/2015 Mill Valley
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
52 Table 1.8: Historic Sites in Marin County
Name/Landmark
State Plaque
Number
National
Register
(NR)
State
Landmark
California
Register
Date
Listed
(NR)
Jurisdiction
Muir Beach
Archeological
Site
X 1/26/1981 Marin City
Muir Woods
National
Monument
X 1/9/2008 Mill Valley
Olema Lime
Kilns (222) X X X 10/8/1976 Olema
Olema Valley
Dairy Ranches
Historic District
X 4/9/2018 Olema
Outdoor Art
Club (922) X X X 11/16/1978 Mill Valley
Pierce Ranch X 12/6/1985 Inverness
Pioneer Paper
Mill (552) X X Lagunitas
Point Bonita
Light Station X 9/3/1991 Sausalito
Point Reyes
Lifeboat Rescue
Station, 1927
X 11/7/1985 Inverness
Point Reyes
Light Station X 9/3/1991 Point Reyes
Point Reyes
Naval Radio
Compass
Station
X 6/29/2018 Inverness
Point Reyes
Peninsula Dairy
Ranches
Historic District
X 10/29/2018 Inverness
RCA Point
Reyes Receiving
Station
X 2/23/2018 Inverness
Rancho
Olompali X 1/12/1973 Novato
Valentine Rey
House X 4/22/1982 Belvedere
St. Hilary's
Mission Church X 2/3/2020 Tiburon
San Francisco
and North
Pacific Railroad
Station HouseDepot
X 8/4/1995 Tiburon
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
53 Table 1.8: Historic Sites in Marin County
Name/Landmark
State Plaque
Number
National
Register
(NR)
State
Landmark
California
Register
Date
Listed
(NR)
Jurisdiction
San Rafael
Improvement
Club
X 3/29/1984 San Rafael
Sausalito
Woman's Club X 4/15/1993 Sausalito
St. Vincent’s
School for Boys
(630)
X X San Rafael
Brock Schreiber
Boathouse and
Beach
X 7/7/1978 Inverness
Station KPH
Operating
Station
X 7/24/1989 Marshall
Station KPH,
Marconi
Wireless
Telegraph
Company of
America
X 7/24/1989 Marshall
Steamship

TENNESSEE
Remains
X 4/15/1981 Marin City
Tocaloma
Bridge X 9/14/2018 Tocaloma
Tomales
Presbyterian
Church and
Cemetery
X 8/1/1975 Tomales
West Point Inn X 12/22/2011 Mill Valley
Table 1.8: Historic Sites in Marin County
Source: California Office of Historic Preservation and the National Register of Historic Places l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
54 Figure 1.17: Historic Sites in Marin County
Source: California Office of Historic Preservation
Lis.1 of properties in Mam on the National or Cali!omia Regl!iter I Tornales Pr~ytenan Clnm::tl an(! Cemet.H)'
2 Flter-ceR.a~ll
J OC.;Je-v. Hoose NDftll Of San frarn:;15,co Bay
&latlan KPH Marecwtl Wlreli:S-6 Telegraph, Company Of A.'T!er,ca 5 S>,t·*:liaMan.s.!"00
6 S:ephE!n Porcetta: Ho0&2 and FalilliOn ShDp
7 6roct; Scme.lla BoathOOlie ana Beacti
8 Hamlltoo Ann-y Alr fie[(! Dl&e00llgoo115 K sill<IC Dlslr1cl 9 Pron.!a ?aper Ml 10 Polm Re-yes NatlOO<f! SeaShtf"e ~ry OISUlct
11 51. V\ncenfS. Sehool Tor 83')'&
12 OIXle SCOOOII006e 13 Polm Re-yes llgflt Statton

1.:: cttna camp
15 Pl:lln1 Re-yes L/Teboa:t ReliCU!: statJCfl 16 Mat1n county CMc Centef 17 o:ema lime- Kltls. 1a Home 01lDfd c11ar1es SrlO"MIE!l'l falr".ax 19 Eturne- B. ~ear H<lus.e 20 Roben Dollar Ho~
21 ~attrord House
22 RctieA Doilar E6tat.e 23 5oyl1 Hoose
\lic::x Tal:rlg Maeht'le Ellllbft
25 San Raiclel lmprovemen CCUO 26 Mlli&IOO s:an Ril'ael Areangel 'Zl Sir Frandsorate-Br1dQ2
28 Sila:Jy La'le B,M._Je 29 Norwood ,',venue Bmlge
JO Gfen:,1'0od ,'.venue 6.Jl~e
31 lagl.Slltas Bfk!ge
32 Gleefl Blae- Br:k:l Yarn
3J se e- or ::.t?.e Ll;lh:eJ Whart' at Bollll3s. .l: Larlilipll" OoM\to"Ml tt'..&Clrtc. Dlstrtct 35 Defflve1J-1ou.se, .36 ~Hat10!!r • Acad.1 Bll~e
37 Mll V"<Cey Nr forc:e Sbtklrl Hl6totk: [1$1Jk:::1 38 OUtdOOf Aft Cl'Ub Jg flrl:il Samii In Mal"II COin)'
.SO Eenjamln. aoo ttllama L)1tlftl Hoose
d.1 Lytord'£ Stone Ta,,,'.et"
d.2 Son franciliOO aml NOOll PacF.lc Rililrt:rall statlOO HOIIE@·Depo( .s.J Vale-rlt!he' Rey HOU5e
4A. Angel ISiand, U.S. lmirtgratroo staUon
d.5 wIuam G. Barren i-1.0Use, casa Mam-on.a HolEf
46 $3'Jsa..,"1Q Central 611Slne61i Hlmirtc CU6trlct 47 Sa:us.a::ta woman'& C.IUb 48 Gr19A'Oliil Houlie
49 Forts. Bal.e.r. 6a1JY and Crontt,tt.e
50 ?cilrl.Bonl'.aUghlS'lillfOO.
.~
,_ -,-, 1·
1 · "'.¾,, "M '""TT .L .J' ; (( \_
..... l ); , .r-rc••.r\':r, , ·~
~- r-- ·, .,, ·~ -1~ ...... '1 ..... if<'·
'
~_,,._l _~I . _ , I 1 '\_(
l\{.~, ,-,1
L .,. i\ 1/1 · :, n,
""'\ ' /<J, \ V--•-.....t I •
' 2 ... ·... .- i..._ ( -, .. -
1, ',.;, , ' ,' '),--, 1''<. _i, I
>~ :\ :~:_ ,_ :~·-/ ,'_:.,,·_,·;, L>' \ / , ·•.~--..c~·-·•·';- -_ I ' '\ ., -. ,\ ·,~ ,., p-_r. /.,,r-- '\. /'l .,., 1 .- _..-l, ~·· J' .l t '.!...,,..'., 1::.. :-, , /tC"" ' , .... ' Jr-- J , · · • ~-ii -\
V- , .... i •
I
\/ I\
.. .,
/1
v_,
'-
7 -· "" ,, "...., . _;_~ i"Nl?Cll;bQ\ 41
l~~e
"W"
)I. •11~··
\,j~ ... -~ ....
\'ff ",....

HISTORIC RESO
URC
ES
Legend
c:J """'1ty Boondary
D Cll)'B-
= Hlgh,nys. arw:i Ma;or Roatls
Streams
:Paennlal
-- lntenrtnerll
-- i:;µheme-ral
Water Bodies
D La,,.

Historic. Resources
Lann .ark Type Nation.al Register or
State Historical Landmark
""""'"
CIJUreh
h Fe<l«at
h """'
-·
HOOse
Sdloo\ Sdlool
Pllva:eNa.tonal ""'" Na::on.JJ 5ia-:e NilU:lnal Sla.r-! Na~ooal $ia.'2 Naklr\.3I 0!""'~1 - .---=~.--8M'es.
~ '6iftll>-tlrVnOPCP ~(.DIDUIL~llll!PiCIIU
'Ol:.:,oun-,'(Y'M-11.IIOTJIUttaG-.c;QJlu,r,.LI.--
IIK(l:,_ll,l,;l ~ !'nl,.:O.OU:,PIIJUIOlll
+
h
·)> ;;,c--< --<
z~
Cf)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
55 1.5.4 NATIONAL RISK INDEX AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
All communities in the U.S. experience natural hazards, and there is a wide range of environmental, social, and economic factors that influence each community’s risk to natural hazards. The likelihood that a community may experience a natural hazard can vary drastically, as can the associated consequences. Additionally, a community’s risk is influenced by many social, economic, and ecological factors.

A community’s susceptibility to natural hazards varies from location to location. The 18 hazard types evaluated by the National Risk Index were chosen after reviewing FEMA-approved State Hazard Mitigation Plans for all 50 states in early 2016.

Risk Calculation
In the National Risk Index, risk is defined as the potential for negative impacts as a result of a natural hazard. The risk equation behind the National Risk Index includes three components: a natural hazards risk component, a consequence enhancing component, and a consequence reduction component. Expected Annual Loss (EAL) is the natural hazards risk component, measuring the expected loss of building value, population, and/or agriculture value each year due to natural hazards. Social Vulnerability is the consequence enhancing component and analyzes demographic characteristics to measure the susceptibility of social groups to the adverse impacts of natural hazards. Community Resilience is the consequence reduction component and uses demographic characteristics to measure a community’s ability to prepare for, adapt to, withstand, and recover from the effects of natural hazards. The Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience components are combined into one Community Risk Factor (CRF) which is multiplied by the EAL component to calculate risk using Equation 2.

Figure 1.18: Generalized NRI Risk Equation
Source: FEMA National Risk Index Technical Documentation, 2023 Risk Components Overview
The Risk Index score is based on Social Vulnerability, Community Resilience, and Expected Annual Loss, with EAL based on Exposure, Annualized Frequency, and historic loss ratio (HLR) factors, for a total of five risk factors. Each risk factor contributes to either the likelihood or consequence aspect of risk and are classified as one of two risk types: risk based on geographic location, represented by the Community Risk Factor (CRF), or risk based on the nature and historical occurrences of natural hazards, represented by EAL. The five risk factors are summarized in Table 1.9.
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a ~ ARIN ~
Equation 2: Generalized National Risk Index Risk Equation Risk = Expected Annual Loss x Community Risk Factor
(
Social Vulnerability ) where Community Risk Factor= f C . R T ommumty esi ience 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
56 Table 1.9: Risk Components and Factors
Risk Component Risk Factors Risk Factors
Description Risk Contribution Risk Type Assignment
Social
Vulnerability
Social
Vulnerability
Consequence
Enhancer Consequence Geographic Risk
Community
Resilience
Community
Resilience
Consequence
Enhancer Consequence Geographic Risk
EAL Exposure Expected
Consequence Consequence Natural Hazard Risk
EAL Annualized
Frequency
Probability of
Occurrence Likelihood Natural Hazard Risk
EAL HLR Expected
Consequence Consequence Natural Hazard Risk
Table 1.9: NRI Risk Components and Factors
Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index Technical Documenta�on, 2023 Social Vulnerability
According to the 2023 National Risk Index Technical Documentation, Social Vulnerability is broadly defined as the susceptibility of social groups to the adverse impacts of natural hazards, including disproportionate death, injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood. Social Vulnerability considers the social, economic, demographic, and housing characteristics of a community that influence its ability to prepare for, respond to, cope with, recover from, and adapt to environmental hazards. As a consequence-enhancing risk factor, the Social Vulnerability score represents the national percentile ranking of social vulnerability for a given county or Census tract in comparison to all other communities at the same level. The higher a county’s or Census tract’s Social Vulnerability is, the higher the risk. Because social vulnerability is unique to a geographic location—specifically, a county or Census tract—it is a geographic risk factor.

Social Vulnerability Source Data
Social Vulnerability source data provider: CDC/ATSDR SVI SVI is a location-specific assessment of social vulnerability that utilizes 16 socioeconomic variables (listed below) deemed to contribute to a community’s reduced ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazards.

1. Below 150% Poverty

2. Unemployed

3. Housing Cost Burden

4. No High School Diploma

5. No Health Insurance

6. Aged 65 & Older

7. Aged 17 & Younger

8. Civilian with a Disability

9. Racial & Ethnic Minority Status

10. Multi-Unit Structures

11. Mobile Homes

12. Crowding

13. No Vehicle

14. Group Quarters

15. Single-Parent Households
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
57 16. English Language Proficiency
The dataset was acquired from the CDC/ASTDR website, and users looking for more information should consult CDC/ASTDR.

Social Vulnerability Consideration for Hazard Mitigation Funding The California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) has initiated the “Prepare California” grant program focused on building community resilience amongst vulnerable individuals living in the areas of the state most susceptible to natural disasters. The Prepare California Initiative is aimed at reducing long-term risks from natural disasters by investing in local capacity building and mitigation projects designed to protect communities.

Prepare California leverages funds approved in Governor Gavin Newsom’s 2021-22 State Budget and is designed to unlock federal matching funds for community mitigation projects that vulnerable communities would otherwise be unable to access. This program is intended for communities that are the most socially vulnerable and at the highest risk for future natural hazard events. The state identified communities by prioritizing California census tracts according to their estimated hazard exposures and social vulnerability.

The National Risk Index is a dataset and online tool to help illustrate the United States communities most at risk for 18 natural hazards: Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Cold Wave, Drought, Earthquake, Hail, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity, Wildfire, and Winter Weather.

National Risk Index (NRI) hazards align with of eight of the twelve Marin County OA MJHMP Hazards. NRI data is not available for Dam Failure, Land Subsidence, Levee Failure, or Sea Level Rise.

Table 1.10: NRI Hazards and Marin County MJHMP Hazards
NRI Hazards Marin County OA MJHMP Hazards
Earthquake Earthquake
Riverine Flooding Flooding
Coastal Flooding Flooding
Wildfire Wildfire
Landslide Debris Flow
Drought Drought
Heat Wave Severe Weather -Extreme Heat
Tsunami Tsunami
Tornado Severe Weather – Wind, Tornado
Strong Wind Severe Weather – Wind, Tornado
Table 1.10: NRI Hazards and Marin County OA MJHMP Hazards Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index 2023
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
58 The National Risk Index leverages available source data for Expected Annual Loss (EAL) due to these 18 hazard types, Social Vulnerability, and Community Resilience to develop a baseline relative risk measurement for each United States county and Census tract. These measurements are calculated using average past conditions, but they cannot be used to predict future outcomes for a community. The National Risk Index is intended to fill gaps in available data and analyses to better inform federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial decision makers as they develop risk reduction strategies.

Calculating the Risk Index
Risk Index scores are calculated using an equation that combines scores for Expected Annual Loss due to natural hazards, Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience:

Risk Index = Expected Annual Loss (EAL) × Social Vulnerability ÷ Community Resilience Hazard Type Risk Index
Hazard type Risk Index scores are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value, community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value. Table 1.10 illustrates the NRI Hazard Type Risk Index for Marin County.

Calculating Expected Annual Loss
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized frequency, and historic loss ratios for 18 hazard types:

Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss Ratio Community Risk Factor
The CRF is a scaling factor that incorporates Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience in the National Risk Index to arrive at a distribution of risk values that better reflects the impacts communities experience from natural hazards. By design, the CRF ensures that higher Social Vulnerability and lower Community Resilience, relative to all other communities at the same level (county or Census tract), result in higher Risk Index values for a given level of EAL.

To generate a CRF value for a community, its Social Vulnerability value is divided by its Community Resilience value, and this ratio is mapped to a triangular distribution with minimum

0.5, mode 1, and maximum 2 (see Equation 3).

Table 1.11 illustrates the NRI Hazard Type Risk Index for Marin County. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Equation 3: CRF Equation
. . ( Social Vulnerability ) Community Risk Factor = f C . R T ommumty esi ience where f(-)-> ,(a= 0.5,b = 2,c = 1)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
59 Table 1.11: NRI Hazard Type Risk Index for Marin County Hazard Type EAL Value Social
Vulnerability
Community
Resilience CRF Risk Value Score
Earthquake $85,368,321 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $86,293,309 98.7
Riverine
Flooding $28,231,043 Relatively Low Very High 1.02 $30,230,864 99 Coastal
Flooding $3,801,318 Relatively Low Very High 1.02 $4,161,749 89.5 Wildfire $2,436,548 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $2,205,455 91.8
Landslide $770,102 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $736,098 98.3
Drought $780,052 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $645,893 89.7
Heat Wave $371,643 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $375,597 74.3
Tornado $220,118 Rela�vely
Low Very High 1.02 $213,534 19.4
Tsunami $34,530 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $26,783 62.2
Strong Wind $13,888 Relatively
Low Very High 1.02 $13,688 4.4
Table 1.11: NRI Hazard Type Risk Index for Marin County Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index 2023
Table 1.12 illustrates the NRI Social Vulnerability & Community Resilience Risk Index for the top 20 highest risk communities within Marin County.

Table 1.12: NRI Highest-Risk Communities in Marin County Rank Community Jurisdiction EAL Value Social
Vulnerability
Community
Resilience CRF Risk Value Score
1 Census tract
06041112202 San Rafael $8,782,817 Relatively High Very High 1.38 $12,103,320 99.66 2 Census tract
06041112100
San Rafael $4,881,418 Relatively
High Very High 1.22 $5,938,596 98.31
3 Census tract
06041106001
San Rafael $3,848,195 Very High Very High 1.4 $5,369,158 97.88 4 Census tract
06041121200
Corte
Madera $4,505,215 Relatively Moderate Very High 1.13 $5,078,528 97.58 5 Census tract
06041103200 Novato $3,649,854 Relatively High Very High 1.37 $5,016,752 97.53 6 Census tract
06041112204 San Rafael $2,686,687 Very High Very High 1.59 $4,274,415 96.57 7 Census tract
06041102203 Novato $2,920,534 Relatively High Very High 1.35 $3,955,365 95.97 8 Census tract
06041106002
County
(Santa
Venetia)
$3,505,637 Relatively
Moderate Very High 1.1 $3,843,988 95.73
9 Census tract
06041119201 Larkspur $2,453,803 Relatively High Very High 1.27 $3,113,358 93.73 10 Census tract
06041119100
County
(Kentfield) $3,547,224 Very Low Very High 0.86 $3,034,275 93.41 11 Census tract
06041110100 San Rafael $2,551,896 Relatively Moderate Very High 1.11 $2,831,154 92.59 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
60 12 Census tract
06041117000
San
Anselmo $2,891,493 Relatively Low Very High 0.96 $2,766,643 92.3 13 Census tract
06041120002 Larkspur $2,825,836 Relatively Low Very High 0.95 $2,698,515 91.98 14 Census tract
06041133000 County $2,925,471 Relatively Low Very High 0.93 $2,714,057 92.05 15 Census tract
06041104102 Novato $2,251,767 Relatively High Very High 1.19 $2,685,083 91.89 16 Census tract
06041111001 San Rafael $2,462,117 Relatively Moderate Very High 1.07 $2,629,315 91.59 17 Census tract
06041121100
Corte
Madera $3,328,198 Very Low Very High 0.78 $2,588,404 91.38 18 Census tract
06041101200 Novato $2,847,863 Relatively Low Very High 0.88 $2,518,616 90.98 19 Census tract
06041108202 San Rafael $1,698,202 Very High Very High 1.4 $2,380,050 90.12 20 Census tract
06041104300
County (Bel
Marin Keys) $3,514,869 Very Low Very High 0.65 $2,287,081 89.47 Table 1.12: NRI Highest-Risk Communities in Marin County Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index 2023

1.5.5 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY AND RISK IN MARIN COUNTY
Link to Na�onal Risk Index
Social vulnerability is an important factor to consider during all functions of emergency management (mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery). When we work to mitigate hazards, we are alleviating the stress a hazard may put on a community. If a community is considered more socially vulnerable, the residents’ risk of disaster is higher, therefore, to reduce risk, considering the social makeup of a community is critical. Many methodologies exist to aggregate census data into one simple number to represent social vulnerability; this should be seen as macro, supplemental data. It is also important to have input from all sections of a planning area that can truly represent the experiences, needs, and lived risk in a community.

Metrics that create social vulnerability indices are meaningful to planning as they can signify a community’s capacity to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impacts of a disaster. From mitigating your living environment to resist impacts, preparing a backup food source, to understanding alert and warning messages, and having insurance or obtaining government assistance after a disaster, all require time, financial resources, education and language abilities that not all of our community members have the luxury of. This is why looking at social vulnerability metrics is important to understanding where the needs are in Marin.

For a high-level view to assess what communities in Marin are most at risk, the Marin County OA MJHMP chose to use the National Risk Index as it combines Expected Annual Loss (a measurement of expected economic loss), the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index (2020), and the Community Resilience Index (CRI) to rank census tracts’ risk across the nation. With the three metrics aggregated, we can understand, from a high level, what areas of Marin may be the most holistically impacted by hazards. The most recent version of the National Risk Index was released in 2023, making it one of the most up to date ways to assess hazard impact and social vulnerability. Furthermore, it is the best source for information for macro level assessments. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
61 Expected Annual Loss (EAL) is calculated using hazard exposure, annual frequency of a hazard and historic loss. As a whole, EAL is an attempt to represent average yearly economic loss resulting from natural hazards (i.e., losses to buildings, population, and agriculture). The county as whole is ranked as “relatively high” EAL; ranking in the 96-percentile in the nation. Census tracts are also categorized, see Figure 1.24.

Three census tracts in Marin, all in San Rafael, rank “Very High” for EAL. Most of the county is categorized as either “Relatively High” or “Relatively Moderate”, four classify as “Relatively Low”. One is assigned “Very Low” EAL, this is the Marin City census tract; an unincorporated community in southern Marin that has historically been underserved (highlighted with red outline in the following maps). The main contributing factor to this result is the perceived limited economic value and unrecorded economic losses due to disasters in Marin City. The economic impact of disasters in underserved communities has been historically under- or unreported, explaining how a commonly flooded area, such as Marin City, may be reflected as “Very Low” on the EAL. Disruptive flooding in Marin City happens during any significant rain, and this has been happening for over 80 years (KQED, 2022). Lack of reporting may be two-fold; limited connection to government and social capacity of residents to report. Impacts of frequent flooding in Marin City damages residents’ cars and homes, roadways, other structures; it puts people at risk of being swept away in flood water, can expose them to contaminated water; it cuts off residents’ ability to leave for work or errands and return home. All of this damage has direct economic consequences for the residents of Marin City and the County. Despite being classified as “Low Risk” on the EAL, the County of Marin acknowledges the impact disasters have on Marin City.

In Figures 1.19, 1.20, and 1.21 the US Census Tracts are outlined in white, and color coded as indicated on the map legend. The City and Town Jurisdictions are outlined in black while the unincorporated area of Marin City is outlined in blue.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
62 Figure 1.19: Marin County NRI – Expected Annual Loss Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index 2023
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County/ National Risk Index
Expected Annual Loss
101
P tal,, c
9 omc10f
EMERGENCY •• • MANAGEMENT
118
V no
, om
\2
12\
San Pablo Bay
Wildlife Area
National Risk Index Census Tracts - Expected Annual Loss - Very High
- Relatively High
- Relatively Moderate
Relatively Low
Very Low
No Expected Annual Losses
0 10 --c=::::J ____ Miles
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed: 09/13/23
County of Marin, California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS !Jan
N
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
63 Figure 1.20: Marin County National Risk Index Map
Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index 2023
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
National Risk Index
- Very High
- Relatively High
Relatively Moderate
- Relatively Low
- Very Low
- Insufficient Data
Marin County /
National Risk Index •
omc10f

EMERGENCY
• MANAGEMENT
101
V no
, om
12 p tal I<
118
121
\,
',, 37
\
-~~~~ \
'-------.......

Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed: 09/13/23
-------
----
San Pablo Bay
Wildlife Area
!Jan
N
County of Marin, California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
64 When looking at the CDC’s SVI (see Figure 1.21), we see the most socially vulnerable residents reside in parts of Novato, parts of San Rafael, including in and around the Canal District, the Greenbrae neighborhood of Larkspur, and the unincorporated areas of Marin City and Santa Venetia. This aligns with what the County knows about Marin residents. However, discrepancy lies in the western, more rural area of the county. West Marin is comprised of seven villages, and other populated areas, that are distanced from the centralized resources in the eastern part of the county. At three local elementary school in West Marin (2022-2023 school year), the percentage of students eligible for free and reduced lunch program are, 62%, 41%, and 52%, a reflection of the financial capacity of local families. West Marin is home to many farms that may employ and house underrecognized workers that may not have taken part in a census survey, which is the basis for the SVI is calculation. In the fourth quarter of FY 2021/22 the bus routes traveling to West Marin (Rural Routes) were the only service category to have increased in ridership since pre-COVID (increase 0.1%; Marin Transit, 2022) showing the reliance of West Marin residents on public transportation; however, this data continues to adjust based upon the increase in alternate methods of mass transportation. Considering this, the County of Marin acknowledges that unique social factors in West Marin require different approaches than other parts of the County.

Looking to the community resilience index (CRI) results, the data is only calculated at the county-level and compared across the nation. As a whole, Marin County is considered to have a “very high” ability to prepare for anticipated natural hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions when compared to the rest of the U.S.

Unfortunately, this metric does not give us the distinct experiences of the diverse communities across Marin.

When the Estimated Annual Loss Index (EAL) , Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and Community Resilience Index are aggregated as one, final results of the National Risk Index show Marin County as a whole to have “Relatively High” risk, this is due to the financial implications a disaster may have on the county. When broken out by census tract, five tracts are in the highest category (“Very High Risk”), this matches generally with the same tracts that are ranked in as higher social vulnerability; parts of Novato, parts of San Rafael, including in and around the Canal District, the Greenbrae neighborhood of Larkspur, and unincorporated areas of Santa Venetia.

However, Marin City is ranked as “Very Low” risk for the National Risk Index. Previous discussion highlighted why the Expected Annual Loss was low, but further discussion is required. As a County, we know Marin City should not be classified as “Very Low” on the NRI.

Marin City residents, for example, only have one way in and out of their community and this road floods frequently, making it unsafe to cross and leave the community for work, school, medical resources. Additionally, there is only one “grocery” store, a Target, in Marin City. Both of these elements contribute to the vulnerability of residents as they may be unable to leave or return home and have limited access to groceries, relying on a single store’s supply chain. At the local elementary school in Marin City, 47% of students are eligible for free and reduced-price meals (2022 – 2023 school year), a reflection of the financial capacity of local families. All this means, we can expect the social and built capacity of Marin City to be limited. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
65 Figure 1.21: Marin County CDC Social Vulnerability Index Map Source: FEMA Na�onal Risk Index 2023
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County /
Social Vulnerability Index e EMERGENCY
omcrn1
• MANAGEMENT
E 'v .... rar10
';onom IOI
p ta
116
10•
Recrea .
'--,.____,
~--------------~ \.,,
CDC Social Vunerability Index .... '-----------,, Rating of SVI for LHMP ',,, ____ Recrt. - Very High '-.._,
- Relatively High 0 2 .5 "'--s---~10
Relatively Moderate
Relatively Low
Very Low
--c:::::::::i---• Miles
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed: 09/13/23
County of Marin, California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METJ/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 12 121
37 San Pablo Bay
Wildlife Area
!Jan
N
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
66 The County of Marin has several outreach programs, specifically designed to reach and include traditionally underserved and underrepresented communities, including, Health and Human Services’ Community Response Teams, Office of Equity’s Participatory Budgeting program, and a community-created Race and Equity Plan. To receive feedback on the Marin County OA MJHMP, bilingual outreach was conducted through the Community Response Teams, which are led by local non-profits, representing four zones of Marin County. Local non-profits are selected for grant funding to be the Community Response Team lead. Additionally, County representatives went on the West Marin radio station, KWMR, to reach rural populations.

While decision makers in Marin acknowledge that aggregate hazard and social vulnerability data can be informative for understanding what resources can be most beneficial to what area of the county, it is acknowledged that this data is not considered to be fully representative of Marin’s communities. It is critical to have a diversity of resident voices to represent a community’s needs and experiences. Furthermore, this data does not consider trends and anticipated changes. Climate change continues to increase risk in our communities, with heat, sea level rise, increased flood events, longer droughts, and more powerful wildfires. Additionally, Marin’s population is aging and growing to be less-White which will require the continued development of planning and response approaches to meet the needs of all residents.

1.5.6 ECONOMICS
Marin County has a strong economic base which has changed significantly over the last century. The county’s economy was dominated by agriculture in the early part of its history.

However, in recent years, Marin’s economy has seen increasing job growth in technologyrelated fields such as biotechnology, computer software, and multimedia. With several attractions including beaches and parks in Marin, tourism is important to Marin County’s economy.

The Marin County resident workforce is predominantly white collar. Over 92% of the County’s residents age 25 or older have at least a high school diploma, compared with about 81% statewide; over 54% in this same age group have a bachelor’s degree. These higher-thanaverage educational levels directly correlate with a low poverty rate of 7.5%, compared with

15.3% statewide. The County’s largest employers include the County government, State Corrections Department, Marin General Hospital, Kaiser Permanente, Fireman’s Fund Insurance, Lucas Licensing, Fair Isaac Corporation, and College of Marin. Over half the working population is employed in professional, management, or financial business occupations, but most of these workers are employed outside the County in urban centers such as San Francisco and Oakland. The services, construction, and transportation industries combined employ less than a quarter of the resident population but are major employment sectors within the County. According to the Marin Economic Commission, service industries based in Marin are a major source of employment for residents of surrounding counties who commute to Marin. The agricultural sector also retains a strong cultural and historical presence. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
67 Table 1.13: Marin County Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over Industry Estimated
Employment
Percent
Civilian employed population 16 years and over 18,676,721 100 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 394,881 2.1 Construction 1,235,586 6.6
Manufacturing 1,676,715 9.0
Wholesale trade 501,378 2.7
Retail trade 1,919,513 10.3
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 1,071,181 5.7 Information 539,683 2.9
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and
leasing 1,107,961 5.9
Professional, scientific, and management, and
administrative and waste management services 2,612,859 14.0 Educational services, and health care and social
assistance 3,990,094 21.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation
and food services 1,835,141 9.8
Other services, except public administration 927,253 5.0 Public administration 864,476 4.6
Table 1.13: Marin County Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 Estimates

1.6 EXISTING AUTHORITIES, POLICIES, PROGRAMS, AND RESOURCES The jurisdictions represented in this plan are authorized by state law and qualify as separate governments. With the exception of the special districts, the jurisdictions all have a general plan that regulates current and future development through zoning based on described hazards.

State law requires all California Cities and Counties to adopt general plans which include seven mandatory chapters: Land Use, Circulation, Housing, Conservation, Open Space, Noise and Safety. In addition to General Plans, each jurisdiction has an Emergency Action (or Operations) Plan and a Climate Action Plan.

The jurisdictions each have a municipal code of ordinances to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy conservation, and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment; to regulate and control the demolition of all buildings and structures, and for related purposes.

The jurisdictions all have planning departments that review proposed developments and new uses for conformance with policies plans and regulations and are served by law enforcement and fire departments.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
68 Resources vary greatly between jurisdictions according to general funds and staff, which are roughly proportionate to population size and commercial activity. Regardless of size, mitigation actions tend to leverage federal, state, and regional financial resources heavily in the form of matching grants.

With the protection of plans and codes secured through statute, the expansion and improvement of policies and programs are dependent on the allocation of limited financial resources towards staff administration and implementation. An efficient means of improving and expanding programs is through shared resources. The many small jurisdictions in the County often do not have the resources to successfully accomplish the many requirements placed upon them, but through economies of scale they can provide better public service. One example of that is this Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, which for most jurisdictions represents a much-needed update. For two of these jurisdictions this will be a new plan. See Section 4.0: Mitigation Strategy for further existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources in Marin County.

1.7 NEW ITEMS FOR THE 2023 MJHMP
The 2018 Marin County OA MJHMP contained a detailed description of the planning process, a risk assessment of identified hazards for the Marin County planning area, and an overall mitigation strategy for reducing risk and vulnerability from these hazards. Since approval of the plan by FEMA, progress has been made by the Marin County OA on implementation of the mitigation strategy. As part of this 2023 MJHMP Update, a thorough review and update of the 2018 plan was conducted to ensure that this update reflects current community conditions and priorities in order to realign the overall mitigation strategy for the next five-year planning period.

This MJHMP update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the 2018 plan and includes an assessment of the success of the participating communities in evaluating, monitoring and implementing the mitigation strategy outlined in the initial plan. Only the information and data still valid from the 2018 plan was carried forward as applicable into this MJHMP update.

Table 1.14: Marin County OA MJHMP Participants 2018 and 2023 2018 Plan Participants 2023 Plan Participants
1 Marin County Marin County
2 City of Belvedere City of Belvedere
3 Town of Corte Madera Bolinas Community Public Utility District 4 City of Fairfax Town of Corte Madera
5 City of Larkspur Sanitary District No. 2
6 City of Mill Valley City of Fairfax
7 City of Novato City of Larkspur
8 Town of Ross Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District
9 City of San Rafael City of Mill Valley
10 Town of San Anselmo North Marin Water District
11 City of Sausalito City of Novato
12 City of Tiburon Town of Ross
13 North Marin Water District Town of San Anselmo
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
69 14 Marin County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District City of San Rafael
15 City of Sausalito
16 Southern Marin Fire Department
17 City of Tiburon
Table 1.14: Marin County OA MJHMP Participants 2018 and 2023 Also to be noted, the 2023 MJHMP update identifies key requirements for updating future plans:
• Considers changes in vulnerability due to action implementation; • Documents success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective; • Documents areas where mitigation actions were not effective; • Documents any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked; • Incorporates new data or studies on hazards and risks; • Incorporates new capabilities or changes in capabilities; • Incorporates growth and development-related changes to inventories; and • Incorporates new action recommendations or changes in action prioritization.

These requirements and others as detailed throughout this plan were also addressed during this plan update process.

As part of its 2023 Mitigation Strategy, Marin County and participating jurisdictions recognized that certain data, if available, would enhance the analyses presented in the risk assessment and utilized in the development of the mitigation strategy. New information and analyses contained throughout this plan update includes the following:
• A new assessment of hazards affecting the OA was completed resulting in the inclusion of additional hazards including climate change.
• An entire rework of the risk assessment for each identified hazard, including reworking the hazard profile and adding new hazard event occurrences; redoing the entire vulnerability analysis to add items identified below and updating the vulnerability assessment based on more recent hazard data as well as using the most current parcel and assessor data for the existing built environment.
• An update of the flood hazard analysis utilizing the 2017 DFIRMs to include an updated analysis of the 100-year flood, an analysis of the 500-year flood, and an enhanced analysis of the localized/stormwater flooding problems affecting the planning area. • Development of an updated critical facility definition and a GIS mapping effort of critical facilities for the planning area.
• Greater analysis was performed on the wildfire hazard utilizing CalFire, Fire Severity GIS data and updated CalFire fire hazard severity maps from 2022. • An enhanced vulnerability assessment which added an analysis of populations vulnerable to two priority hazards: flood and wildfire. • An enhanced vulnerability assessment which added an analysis of future development in the planning area and specific to each of the mapped hazards. • Incorporation and analysis of the new 2020 Census data was utilized for this MHHMP update.
• An analysis of the incorporation of the 2023 MJHMP into other planning mechanisms in the Marin County OA was performed.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
70 Also, as required by the FEMA 2008 Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance, the MJHMP an analysis of each jurisdictions' ongoing and continued compliance with the NFIP.

1.7.1 REVISION OF THE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT This revised 2023 MJHMP now includes climate change in addition to the natural hazards facing our community. The risk assessment for each identified natural hazard was updated as determined by the Steering Committee. This included a reformulation of the hazard profiles and additions of new hazard occurrences. The vulnerability assessment was updated based on more recent hazard data.

1.7.2 CLIMATE CHANGE
According to the California Natural Resource Agency (CNRA), climate change is already affecting California and is projected to continue to do so well into the foreseeable future.

Current and projected changes include increased temperatures, sea level rise, a reduced winter snowpack, altered precipitation patterns, and more frequent storm events. Over the long term, reducing greenhouse gases can help make these changes less severe, but the changes cannot be avoided entirely. Unavoidable climate impacts result in a variety of secondary consequences including detrimental impacts on human health and safety, economic continuity, ecosystem integrity and provision of basic services. Climate change is being profiled in the 2023 Marin County Hazard Mitigation Plan as a standalone hazard while addressing each of the other natural hazards. Marin County is considering climate change issues when identifying future mitigation actions.

1.7.3 PROGRESS ON LOCAL MITIGATION EFFORTS
There was success in the implementation of the mitigation actions as defined in the 2018 planning process, so the Steering Committee reassessed the need for those actions, looked at new actions and provided an explanation as to the methodology.

Details of 2018 projects are included in section 4.7 but multiple projects have had success, including completion and ongoing of retrofitting of critical county-owned buildings (project #2), completed construction of a flood basin on Fairfax Creek (project #3), and obtaining a grant to design the McInnis Marsh Restoration Project (project #23). The City of Mill Valley adopted a soft-story wood frame retrofit ordinance, updated the fire code, implemented updated vegetation management requirements, and has emergency generators available for all critical city facilities.

1.8 PLAN ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE
The MJHMP has been developed using the latest guidance documents from the FEMA as listed:
• Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide dated October 11, 2011 and is structured similar to their Plan Review Tool.
• Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide, April 19, 2023 • State Mitigation Planning Key Topics Bulletin: Mitigation Capabilities, November 2022
• State Mitigation Planning Key Topics Bulletin: Mitigation Strategy, October 2022 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
71 • State Mitigation Planning Key Topics Bulletins: Planning Process, October 2022 • State Mitigation Planning Key Topics Bulletin: Risk Assessment, October 2022 The Marin County OA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is organized as follows:
• Section 1.0: Introduction
• Section 2.0: Planning Process
• Section 3.0: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment • Section 4.0 Mitigation Strategy
• Section 5.0: Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation • Appendix A: Adoption Letters
• Appendix B: Documentation of the Planning Process
• Appendix C: Public Outreach Survey
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
72 SECTION 2.0: PLANNING PROCESS
Local governments have the responsibility to protect the health, safety, and welfare of their community members. Proactive mitigation policies and actions reduce risk and create safer, more disaster-resilient communities. Mitigation is an investment in Marin’s safety and sustainability. Consider the critical importance of mitigation to:
• Reducing the devastating impacts that disasters can have on community members, workers, and businesses in Marin.
• Public safety and preventing loss of life and injury. • Reducing harm to existing and future development.
• Preventing damage to a community’s unique economic, cultural, and environmental assets.
• Minimizing operational downtime and accelerating recovery of communities, government and businesses after disasters.
• Reducing the cost of disaster response and recovery and the exposure to risk for first responders.
• Helping accomplish other community objectives, such as leveraging capital improvements, infrastructure protection, open space preservation, and economic resiliency.

The purpose of mitigation planning is to identify local policies and potential actions that can be implemented over the long term to reduce risk and future losses from hazards. Mitigation policies and actions are identified based on a hazard risk assessment and the participation of a wide range of stakeholders and the public in the planning process. Benefits of mitigation planning include:
• Identifying actions for risk reduction that are agreed upon by stakeholders and the public.
• Focusing resources on the greatest risks and vulnerabilities. • Building partnerships by involving residents and visitors, organizations, and businesses. • Increasing education and awareness of threats and hazards, as well as their risks. • Communicating priorities to State and Federal officials. 44 CFR Requirement §201.6(b): In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include:
1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval;
2) An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia and other private and non-profit interests to be involved in the planning process; and
3) Review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information.
44 CFR Requirement §201.6(c)(1): [The plan shall document] the planning process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
73 • Aligning risk reduction with other community objectives.

2.1 PLANNING APPROACH
The initial phase of a planning approach is to identify risk associated with threats and hazards and identify projects to reduce that risk. The Marin Operational Area understands its hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks and is working together and with the public, to develop strategies, policies, and actions necessary to reduce risk and protect residents and visitors. Marin’s hazard mitigation planning process engages the whole community and follows State and Federal planning guidance consistent with the requirements of the Stafford Act and the Federal Code of Federal Regulations (44 CFR Part 201).

The six elements of hazard mitigation planning include:

1. Introduction and Community Overview

2. Planning Process

3. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

4. Development of The Mitigation Strategy

5. Plan Review, Evaluation, And Implementation

6. Plan Adoption
This 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP is a comprehensive update of the 2018 Marin County OA MJHMP, which covered County of Marin the Cities of Belvedere, Larkspur, Mill Valley, Novato, San Rafael and Sausalito; the Towns of Corte Madera, Fairfax, Ross, San Anselmo and Tiburon; and the special districts of Bolinas Community Public Utility District, Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District, North Marin Water District, Sanitary District No. 2, and Southern Marin Fire Protection District. FEMA approved the 2018 plan on December 27, 2018, and the plan is expiring on December 27, 2023. The current update meets federal requirements for updating hazard mitigation plans on a five-year cycle. It represents the third iteration of the Marin County Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was initially developed as a plan in 2013. Eighty-three planning partners have participated in the 2023 update, as listed in Table 2.2 and Table 2.4.

The 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP identifies the process that Marin County will use to develop their roles and responsibilities in hazard mitigation planning. The 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan is the principal guide for Marin County to identify hazards and mitigation projects that will enhance the resilience of Marin communities from natural disasters.

The planning team used the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide to ensure the Marin County OA MJHMP includes all necessary components.

The process followed to develop the 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP had the following primary objectives:
• Secure grant funding and select a consultant.
• Establish a planning partnership.
• Define the planning area and jurisdiction.
• Establish a steering committee and planning team.
• Coordinate with stakeholders and agencies.
• Review existing programs.
• Engage the public.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
74 These objectives are discussed in the following sections.

2.2 GRANT FUNDING AND CONSULTANT SELECTION
This planning effort was supplemented by a FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant in fiscal year 2019. Marin County OEM was the sub-applicant agent for the grant. It covered 75 percent of the cost for development of this plan; the County and planning partners covered the balance through in-kind contributions.

In November 2022, Marin County contracted for consultant services to assist in the update to their 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. After a comprehensive review process, Preparative Consulting was selected to partner with representatives from Marin County and its participating jurisdictions to complete a comprehensive update of the 2018 Marin County OA MJHMP

2.3 ESTABLISH A PLANNING PARTNERSHIP
As the lead organization, Marin County Fire Department Office of Emergency Management (OEM) established a Steering Committee with representatives from the County, Cities, Towns, and special districts. These participants were engaged to lead the planning process based on the contribution and input from relevant stakeholders and the public. Representatives should have the authority and knowledge to identify and commit resources during the planning process and have subject matter knowledge on local communities, hazards, and risks.

The majority of Marin County is unincorporated sparsely populated rural and protected lands.

Most of the 262,000 county population is consolidated into the Eastern portion of the county.

The County of Marin has a unique populated distribution where the participating planning jurisdictions and district’s planning areas are located in an area of the county with similar climate, similar topography, and are exposed to many of the same hazards. Only three jurisdictions, Larkspur, Ross, and San Anselmo, are not coastal jurisdictions and are not impacted by Tsunami or Sea Level Rise.

The Marin County OA MJHMP Steering Committee and broader Planning Team approached the development of the Marin County OA MJHMP and the associated jurisdictional and district profiles from a coordinated and collaborative planning and public engagement unity of effort.

The Steering Committee felt a unified effort, led by the Marin County OEM, would be the most effective approach for this planning process. This approach allowed the small jurisdictions and districts with limited staffing and resources to take advantage of the combined efforts of the County and other jurisdictions to reach a broader segment of each of their populations and do so in a way to ensure greater equity and inclusion of the public in this planning process.

Extensive and coordinated public outreach was done involving all participating jurisdictions and districts with an eye towards equity, inclusion, openness, accessibility, and ensuring they meet the population where they live, work, or recreate to provide the public convenience of access and ease of participation in this planning process.

Participating jurisdictions worked through multiple sessions and independently on:
• Facilitation of the planning process, including multi-agency collaboration and partnering. • Identification of the primary local stakeholders – formation of the Marin County OA hazard mitigation Planning Team and hazard mitigation Steering Committee. • Review of the 2018 Marin County OA MJHMP.
• Establishment of updated planning goals and objectives. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
75 • Establishment of jurisdiction-specific hazard mitigation work groups to facilitate internal planning activities.
• Organization of jurisdiction/agency-specific hazard mitigation Working Groups. • Revision of jurisdictional demographic and organizational data, and reformatting of information presentation.
• Identification and refined assessment of real or potential hazards and threat conditions. • Development of prioritized hazard mitigation strategies and projects, keyed to identified hazards.
• Compliance with the Disaster Mitigation Act requirements as established by federal regulations and following FEMA’s planning guidance.
• Prioritization of equity and engagement of the whole community with a focus on engaging hard-to-reach populations and providing translation and interpretation services in our public outreach and input process.
• Production of the draft and final plan documents; and • Coordination with the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) and FEMA Region IX plan reviews.

2.4 DEFINE THE PLANNING AREA AND PARTICIPATING JURISDICTIONS The planning area and participating jurisdictions and organizations were defined to consist of unincorporated Marin County, the Cities of Belvedere, Larkspur, Mill Valley, Novato, San Rafael and Sausalito; the towns of Corte Madera, Fairfax, Ross, San Anselmo and Tiburon; the Bolinas Public Utility District, the Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District, the Sanitary District #2, the Southern Marin Fire Protection District, and the North Marin Water District. All participating jurisdictions are within the geographical boundary of Marin County and have jurisdictional authority within this planning area. A map showing the geographic boundary of the defined planning area for this plan update is provided in Chapter 3, along with a description of planning area characteristics.

This unity of effort approach allowed the Steering Committee to establish a more robust Planning Team representing local, countywide, regional, state, and federal stakeholders servicing the Marin County planning area. These stakeholders were in a unique position to provide informed and specific information and recommendations on hazard mitigation goals and actions, as well as population needs and social vulnerability for each of the jurisdictional and district planning areas. This united effort allowed the planning team to attend fewer meetings than they would have been required to attend if they were required to attend separate meetings for each participating jurisdiction and district. The reduced number of meetings allowed the planning team the opportunity and time to provide more detailed and thoughtful contributions to the planning effort.

Each jurisdiction wishing to join the planning partnership/Steering Committee was asked to provide a “letter of intent to participate” that designated a point of contact for the jurisdiction and confirmed the jurisdiction’s commitment to the process, understanding of expectations, and commitment to adopt the approved Hazard Mitigation plan by their governing body. These expectations are detailed in section 2.5 STEERING COMMITTEE.

The jurisdictions participating in the 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP were represented by:
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
76 Table 2.1: 2023 MJHMP Participating Jurisdictions
Jurisdiction Representative Title
1 Marin County Hannah Tarling Emergency Management Coordinator 2 Marin County Chris Reilly OEM Project Manager
3 City of Belvedere Irene Borba Director of Planning
4 City of Larkspur Loren Umbertis Public Works Director 5 City of Mill Valley Patrick Kelly Director of Planning and Building 6 City of Novato Dave Jeffries Consultant/JPSC
7 City of San Rafael Quinn Gardner Deputy Emergency Services Coord. 8 City of Sausalito Kevin McGowan Director of Public Works 9 Town of Corte Madera and
Sanitary District #2 RJ Suokko Director of Public Works 10 Town of Fairfax Loren Umbertis Public Works Director 11 Town of Ross Richard Simonitch Public Works Director 12 Town of San Anselmo Sean Condry Public Works & Building Director 13 Town of Tiburon Sam Bonifacio Assistant Planner
14 Bolinas Community Public
Utility District
Jennifer Blackman General Manager
15 Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary
District Dale McDonald Administrative Services Manager
16 North Marin Water District Eric Miller Asst. General Manager 17 Southern Marin Fire District Marshall Nau Fire Marshall/South Marin Fire Dist.

Table 2.1: 2023 Marin OA MJHMP Participating Jurisdictions

2.5 STEERING COMMITTEE
The Steering Committee led the planning process based on the contribution and input from the whole community stakeholders who identified the community’s concerns, values, and priorities.

Preparative Consulting coordinated and facilitated the 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP update with the assistance of the Marin County Office of Emergency Management and acted as the central point of contact for all partnering jurisdictions and organizations. Preparative Consulting developed the draft plan in conjunction with and at the direction of the hazard mitigation Steering Committee members and served as a liaison between Marin County and the State regarding plan revision.

Table 2.2: 2023 MJHMP Steering Committee Members
No. Agency Point of Contact Title
1 Belvedere Laurie Nilsen Emergency Services Coordinator 2 Belvedere Rebecca Markwick Planning Director
3 Belvedere Samie Malakiman Associate Planner
4 Bolinas Com. PUD Jennifer Blackman General Manager
5 Bolinas Fire Protection Dist Stephen Marcotte Assistant Fire Chief 6 Central Marin Fire District Matt Cobb Battalion Chief/Fire 7 Central Marin Fire District Ezra Colman Battalion Chief/Fire 8 Central Marin Fire District Rubin Martin Fire Chief
9 Corte Madera RJ Suokko Director of Public Works
10 Corte Madera Chris Good Senior Civil Engineer
11 Sanitary District No. 2 RJ Suokko Director of Public Works 12 Fairfax Loren Umbertis Public Works Director
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
77 13 Fairfax Mark Lockaby Building Official
14 Larkspur Dan Schwarz City Manager
15 Larkspur Julian Skinner Public Works Director/ City Engineer 16 Larkspur Robert Quinn Public Works Superintendent
17 Las Gallinas Valley
Sanitary District Dale McDonald Administrative Services Mgr. 18 Las Gallinas Valley
Sanitary District Greg Pease Safety Manager
19 Marin County Steven Torrence Director of Emergency Management 20 Marin County Chris Reilly OEM Manager
21 Marin County Woody Baker-Cohn Senior Emergency Management Coordinator
22 Marin County Leslie Lacko Community Development Agency 23 Marin County Hannah Lee Senior Civil Engineer
24 Marin County Felix Meneau Project Mgr./ FCWCD
25 Marin County Julia Elkin Department of Public Works
26 Marin County Beb Skye Department of Public Works
27 Marin County Scott Alber Fire
28 Marin County Lisa Santora Deputy Public Health Officer, Marin Health & Human Services
29 Marin County Kathleen Koblick Marin Health & Human Services 30 Marin County Amber Davis Public Health Preparedness
31 Mill Valley Patrick Kelly Director of Planning & Building Department 32 Mill Valley Ahmed A Aly Engineering Project Manager
33 Mill Valley Jared Barrilleaux Deputy Director of Engineering 34 Mill Valley Daisy Allen Senior Planner
35 Southern Marin Fire District Tom Welch Deputy Chief/South Marin Fire Dist. 36 Southern Marin Fire District Marshall Nau Fire Marshall/South Marin Fire Dist. 37 North Marin Water District Eric Miller Asst. General Manager 38 North Marin Water District Tim Fuette Senior Engineer 39 Novato David Dammuller Engineering Services Mgr.
40 Novato Dave Jeffries Consultant/JPSC
41 Ross Richard Simonitch Public Works Director
42 San Anselmo Sean Condry Public Works & Building Director 43 San Anselmo Erica Freeman Building Official
44 San Anselmo Scott Schneider Asst. PW Director
45 San Rafael Quinn Gardner Deputy Emergency Services Coord. 46 San Rafael Cory Bytof Sustainability
47 San Rafael Joanna Kwok Senior Civil Engineer
48 San Rafael Kate Hagemann Climate Adaptation & Resilience Planner 49 Sausalito Andrew Davidson Senior Engineer/ DPW
50 Sausalito Kevin McGowan Director of Public Works
51 Sausalito Brandon Phipps Planning Director
52 Sausalito Ali Iqbal Assistant Civil Engineer/ Public Works 53 Tiburon Sam Bonifacio Assistant Planner
54 Tiburon Dina Tasini Director of Community Development 55 Tiburon Laurie Nilsen Emergency Services Coordinator Table 2.2: Marin County OA MJHMP Steering Committee Members l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
78 Table 2.3: Preparative Consulting Planning Team Members No. Agency Point of
Contact
Title
1 Preparative Consulting Paul Bockrath Project Lead/Planner 2 Preparative Consulting Candise
Bockrath Project Manager
3 Preparative Consulting David M. Block Lead Planner
Table 2.3: Marin County OA MJHMP Preparative Consulting Planning Team Members The Steering Committee met and reviewed the mitigation recommendations and strategies identified within this plan. Each participating local jurisdiction established a mechanism for the development and implementation of jurisdictional mitigation projects, as identified within this plan and associated locally specific supporting documents. As deemed necessary and appropriate, participating jurisdictions will organize local mitigation groups to facilitate and administer internal activities.

The Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) planning regulations and guidance stress that each local government seeking FEMA approval of their mitigation plan must participate in the planning process. The Steering Committee assisted with the planning process in the following ways:
• Attending and participating in the Steering Committee meetings. • Identification of potential mitigation actions.
• Updating the status of mitigation actions from the 2018 Marin County OA MJHMP. • Collecting and providing other requested data (as available). • Making decisions on plan process and content.
• Reviewing and providing comments on plan drafts; including annexes. • Informing the public, local officials, and other interested stakeholders about the planning process and providing opportunity for them to be involved and provide comment.
• Coordinating, and participating in the public input process. • Coordinating the formal adoption of the plan by the governing boards.

2.5.1 STEERING COMMITTEE PLANNING PROCESS
The Steering Committee met monthly to develop the plan. Email notifications were sent out to each Steering Committee member to solicit their participation in the Steering Committee meetings. The meetings were conducted using a Zoom platform videoconferencing. Meeting attendees signed in using the chat feature to record their attendance.

The Steering Committee agreed to make and pass plan-based general policy recommendations by a vote of a simple majority of those members present. The Steering Committee will also seek input on future hazard mitigation programs and strategies from the mitigation planning team by focusing on the following:
• Identify new hazard mitigation strategies to be pursued on a state and regional basis, and review the progress and implementation of those programs already identified. 44 CFR Requirement §201.6(a)(3): Mul�-jurisdic�onal plans may be accepted, as appropriate, as long as each jurisdic�on has par�cipated in the process and has officially adopted the plan. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
79 • Review the progress of the Hazard Mitigation program and bring forth community input on new strategies.
• Coordinate with and support the efforts of the Marin County OEM to promote and identify resources and grant money for implementation of recommended hazard mitigation Strategies within local jurisdictions and participating public agencies.

During the planning process, the Steering Committee communicated through videoconferencing, face-to-face meetings, email, telephone conversations, and through the County website. The County website included information for all stakeholders on the MJHMP update process. Hannah Tarling of the Marin County Office of Emergency Management and Preparative Consulting established a Microsoft 365 SharePoint folder which allowed the Steering Committee members and Marin OEM and Preparative Consulting to share planning documents and provide a format for the planning partners to submit completed documents and access other planning related documents and forms. Draft documents were also posted on this platform and the Marin County OES website so that the Steering Committee members and the public could easily access and review them.

2.5.2 STEERING COMMITTEE TASKS
The Steering Committee engaged in research to identify, document, and profile all the hazards that have, and could have, an impact on the planning area. The Steering Committee also conducted a capability assessment to review and document the planning area’s current capabilities to mitigate the risk and vulnerability of each participating jurisdiction to each identified hazard. By collecting information about existing government programs, policies, regulations, ordinances, and emergency plans, the Steering Committee could assess those activities and measures already in place that contribute to mitigating some of the risks and vulnerabilities identified.

Specific tasks were identified for the Steering Committee in order to ensure that project goals for the MJHMP revision were undertaken and completed. The following represents those primary Steering Committee tasks:
• Coordinate tasks and activities with the Marin County OEM to develop all-hazards disaster mitigation plan and oversee the planning process. • Prioritize hazards vs. resources.
• Select highest and best mitigation recommendations and develop those recommendations for further action by Marin County and the Cities/Towns and special districts.
• Review planning drafts, recommendations and updates.
• Develop and implement long and short term goals.
• Integrate the plan with all phases of comprehensive emergency management planning.
• Provide for the implementation of committee decisions. • Encourage, coordinate and provide a methodology for the implementation of public input.
• Provide for the implementation of Steering Committee decisions. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
80 2.5.3 STEERING COMMITTEE FUTURE TASKS
Specific future tasks were identified for the Steering Committee in order to ensure that project goals for the MJHMP revision were continued. The following represents those primary Steering Committee future tasks:
• Define the mitigation constraints that the Marin County OA is required to follow in implementing recommendations from the Steering Committee. o Protection of sensitive information
o Apply budget constraints to recommended hazard mitigation strategies o Apply state policy and legal constraints to mitigation strategies brought forward by the Steering Committee.
• Meet on an annual basis to review the work of and contribute to the Steering Committee activities.
• Bring forth the concerns and views of the community to the Steering Committee for consideration in the ongoing hazard mitigation planning process. • Consider utilizing the California Department of Public Health Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) to provide public health leaders and emergency managers with a rapid community assessment to determine household-based information about a community following a disaster. • Assist in informing the public and community of the hazard mitigation strategies recommended by the Steering Committee.
• Define the constraints for implementation of prioritized mitigation strategies within the authorities, laws, and regulations of the local entities existing within the Marin County OA.
• Carry out the goals and objectives of the Marin County OA MJHMP. • Support and review the input from meetings of the adjunct members with individuals, agencies and jurisdictions.
• Assure that the public is kept informed of changing strategies and implementation actions periodically.

2.6 COORDINATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS AND AGENCIES
Opportunities for involvement in the planning process must be provided to neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation, agencies with authority to regulate development, businesses, academia, and other private and nonprofit interests (44 CFR, Section 201.6(b)(2)).

Early in the planning process, the Steering Committee determined that data collection, risk assessment analyses, mitigation strategy development, and plan approval would be greatly 44 CFR Requirement 201.6(b): An open public involvement process is essen�al to the development of an effec�ve plan. In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include: (2) An opportunity for neighboring communi�es, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mi�ga�on ac�vi�es, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia and other private and non-profit interests to be involved in the planning process. (3) Review and incorpora�on, if appropriate, of exis�ng plans, studies, reports, and technical informa�on. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
81 enhanced by inviting other local, state and federal agencies and organizations to participate in the process. Based on their involvement in hazard mitigation planning, their landowner status in the County, and/or their interest as a neighboring jurisdiction, representatives from the following groups were invited to participate on the Planning Team:

Table 2.4: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Team Members
No. Agency Point of Contact Title
Special Districts & Partner Agencies
1 Bolinas Fire Protection District Stephen Marcotte Assistant Fire Chief 2 County of Sonoma Jeffrey DuVall Deputy Director, County of Sonoma OEM
3 County of Marin Disability Access
Program Laney Davidson Disability Access Manager/ ADA Coordinator 4 County of Marin Disability Access
Program Peter Mendoza Disability Access Manager/ ADA Coordinator 5 Emergency Medical Services Chris Le Baudour EMS Authority 6 Fire Departments Jason Weber Fire Chief
7 Golden Gate Bridge, Highway &
Transportation District Daniel Rodriguez Security, Emergency Management Specialist 8 Golden Gate Bridge, Highway &
Transportation District Dennis Mulligan General Manager & CEO, 9 Marin City Climate Resilience and
Health Justice Terrie Green Executive Director
10 Marin Center for Independent
Living Peter Mendoza Director of Advocacy and Special Projects 11 Marin City Community Services
District Juanita Edwards Interim General Manager
12 Marin County Community
Development Agency Leslie Lacko Community Development Agency 13 Marin County Flood Control &
Water Conservation District Garry Lion Advisory Board Member 14 Marin County Office of Education Michael Grant Director, Marin County Office of Education
15 Marin County Parks Max Korten General Manager and
Director
16 PG&E Mark Van Gorder Government Affairs, North
Bay
17 PG&E Ron Karlen PG&E Public Safety
Specialist
18 Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit
(SMART) Jennifer McGill Chief of Police
19 Transportation Authority of Marin
(TAM) Anne Richmond Executive Director
20 Willow Creek School Itoco Garcia Superintendent
State Agencies
21 Cal OES - ESC Sarah Finnigan Cal OES, Sr. Emergency
Services Coordinator
22 Cal OES, Division of Safety of
Dams Danielle Jessup Coordinator/ Dam Safety Planning Division 23 California Department of Public
Health Svetlana Smorodinsky Disaster Epidemiologist/ Environmental & l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
82 Table 2.4: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Team Members No. Agency Point of Contact Title
Occupational Emergency
Preparedness Team
24 California Department of Public
Health Patrice Chamberlain
Health Program Specialist
II / Environmental &
Occupational Emergency
Preparedness Team
25 California Department of Water
Resources Julia Ekstrom, PhD
Supervisor, Urban Unit
Water Use Efficiency
Branch
26 Caltrans Trang Hoang Senior Transportation Engr/
Office of Advance Planning
27 Caltrans Markus Lansdowne Caltrans D4 Emergency
Coordinator
Federal Agencies
27 Army Corps of Engineers Jessica Ludy
Flood Risk Management,
Equity, and Environmental
Justice
28 National Park Service Stephen Kasierski OneTam
29 US Coast Guard LT Tony Solares Sector SF Waterways
Safety Branch
30 US Coast Guard MST1 Brandon M. Ward Emergency Management Specialist
31 US Coast Guard LT William K. Harris USCG SEC San Francisco Table 2.4: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Team Members
Coordination with key agencies, organizations, and advisory groups throughout the planning process allowed the Planning Team to review common problems, develop policies and mitigation strategies, as well as identifying any conflicts or inconsistencies with regional mitigation policies, plans, programs and regulations. For example, in conjunction with the kick off meetings, several key stakeholder/agency conversations were held at the beginning of the project to solicit input and to identify and obtain data at the beginning of the project. This included initial discussions with: Cal OES, DWR, Marin County Flood Control & Water Conservation District and Marin County Fire Agencies. Coordination with these key agencies continued throughout the project. Representatives from Cal OES attended most of the Planning Team meetings where they helped present, answered questions and provided input and support on the MJHMP process and plan requirements and provided details as requested on other related programs, such as FEMA grant programs. Through their attendance at Planning Team meetings, these key stakeholders and agencies provided ongoing information and data as requested to support the overall plan development process.

These key agencies, organizations, and advisory groups received meeting announcements, agendas, and minutes by e-mail throughout the plan update process. They supported the effort by attending meetings or providing feedback on issues. All the agencies were provided with an opportunity to comment on this plan update and were provided with a copy of the plan to review and offer edits and revisions. They were also provided access to the Marin County OEM hazard mitigation plan website to review all planning documents and hazard mapping tools.

Each was sent an e-mail message informing them that draft portions of the plan were available for review. In addition, the complete draft plan was sent to the California Governor’s Office of l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
83 Emergency Services (Cal OES) and FEMA Region IX for a pre-adoption review to ensure program compliance.

In addition, through the public meetings conducted at the beginning of the planning process, members of the planning team, the public, and other key stakeholders were invited to participate in the planning process through public outreach activities.

The Steering Committee used technical data, reports, and studies from the following agencies and groups:
• California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
• California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection • California Department of Finance
• California Department of Fish and Game
• California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection • California Department of Water
• California Geological Survey
• California Register of Historic Places
• Federal Emergency Management Agency
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association
• National Performance of Dams Program
• National Register of Historic Places
• National Resource Conservation Service
• National Weather Service
• United States Army Corps of Engineers
• United States Bureau of Land Management
• United States Department of Agriculture
• United States Drought Impact Reporter
• United States Farm Service Agency
• United States Forestry Service
• United States Geological Survey
• Western Regional Climate Center
Several opportunities were provided for the groups listed above to participate in the planning process. At the beginning of the planning process, invitations were extended to these groups to actively participate on the Planning Team. Participants from these groups assisted in the process by providing data directly as requested in worksheets or through data contained on their websites or as maintained by their offices. Further as part of the public outreach process, all groups were invited to attend the public meetings and to review and comment on the plan prior to submittal to Cal OES and FEMA.

The following planning meetings were held with the planning team:
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
84 Table 2.5: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Meetings
No. Date Attendees Meeting Planning Meeting Objectives
1 10/26/22 Steering
Committee
Project Overview
Meeting
• Plan Overview – Steps and
Timeline
• Planning Process
• Steering Committee Role
2 11/9/22 Steering
Committee
Steering
Committee
Kickoff Meeting
• Hazard Mitigation and
Emergency Management
Overview
• Plan Overview – Steps and
Timeline
• Community Overview
• Planning Process
• Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment
• Stakeholders and Planning Team
Identification
3 12/6/22
Steering
Committee,
Planning
Team
Planning Team
Kickoff Meeting
• Hazard Mitigation and
Emergency Management
Overview
• Plan Overview – Steps and
Timeline
• Community Overview
• Planning Process
• Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment
4 02/07/23 Steering
Committee
Steering
Committee
Hazard Profile
Meeting
• Jurisdictional Letter of
Commitment
• Identify Planning Team Members
• Hazard Risk Ranking
Worksheets
• Jurisdictional Profiles
• Jurisdictional/ District Capability
Assessment
• 2018 Hazard Mitigation Project
Status Update
5 03/07/23
Steering
Committee/
Planning
Team
Planning Team
Public Outreach
Strategy Meeting
• Planning Goals and Objectives
• Hazard Risk Ranking
Worksheets
• Jurisdictional Profiles
• Jurisdictional/ District Capability
Assessment
• 2018 Hazard Mitigation Project
Status Update
• Public Outreach Strategy
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
85 Table 2.5: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Meetings
No. Date Attendees Meeting Planning Meeting Objectives
6 04/04/23 Steering
Committee
Steering
Committee
Meeting
• HMGP (DR-4683) Funding
Timeline
• Public Outreach
• Planning Goals and Objectives
• Jurisdictional Hazard
Vulnerability Maps
• Jurisdictional Profiles
• Jurisdictional/ District Capability
Assessment
• 2018 Hazard Mitigation Project
Status Update
7 04/13/23
General
Public,
Steering
Committee,
Planning
Team
Public Outreach
Town Hall
Meeting #1
(In-person and
virtual on Zoom)
Thursday, 6:00
pm to 7:30 pm
Marin County
BOS Chambers
• Meeting translated live in
Spanish with 29 language
subtitle capability for virtual
participants.
• Meeting also interpreted in
American Sign Language
• Meeting recorded and posted on
Hazard Mitigation website.
• Hazard Mitigation and
Emergency Management
Overview
• Planning Process
• Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment
• Planning Goals and Objectives
• Hazard Mitigation Projects
• Community Input
8 04/29/23
General
Public,
Steering
Committee,
Planning
Team
Public Outreach
Town Hall
Meeting #2
(In-person and
virtual on Zoom)
Saturday, 10:00
am to 11:30 am
Marin County
Health and
Wellness Center
• Meeting translated live in
Spanish with 29 language
subtitle capability for virtual
participants.
• Meeting also interpreted in
American Sign Language
• Meeting recorded and posted on
Hazard Mitigation website.
• Hazard Mitigation and
Emergency Management
Overview
• Planning Process
• Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment
• Planning Goals and Objectives
• Hazard Mitigation Projects
• Community Input
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
86 Table 2.5: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Meetings
No. Date Attendees Meeting Planning Meeting Objectives
9 05/31/23 Steering
Committee
Steering
Committee
Hazard Ranking
Meeting
• HMGP (DR-4683) Funding
Timeline
• Public Outreach Status
• Jurisdictional Hazard
Vulnerability Maps
• OEM Overview of Hazard Maps
and Marin Maps
• Marin Co. MJHMP Risk
Assessment Tool Overview
• 2018 Hazard Mitigation Project
Status Update
• Hazard Working Groups
10 06/27/23
Steering
Committee,
Planning
Team
Marin County
Planning Team
Meeting
• HMGP (DR-4683) & BRIC Grant
Funding Timeline
• Public Outreach Status
• Jurisdictional Hazard Risk
Assessment Tool
• OEM Overview of Hazard Maps
and Marin Maps
• Marin County Hazards over the
Last 5-Years
• 2018 Hazard Mitigation Project
Status Update
• 2023 Hazard Mitigation
Projects/Capital Improvement
Projects
• Hazard Working Groups
11 07/01/23-
09/01/23
Steering
Committee
Members
Steering
Committee
Members Plan
Development
Sessions
• Individual phone or conference
calls with planning jurisdictions
and districts to answer specific
questions and assist them in
developing their profile annex.
12 11/27/23
Steering
Committee,
Planning
Team
Marin County
Final Planning
Team Meeting
• Presentation and review of the
Draft Marin County OA MJHMP
and Jurisdictional/District
Annexes
13 11/28/23
General
Public
Public Outreach
Presentation on
Marin County
Office of
Emergency
Management
Website
• Presentation and review of the
Draft Marin County OA MJHMP
and Jurisdictional/District
Annexes.
• Opportunity for public comment
and questions and answers.

Table 2.5: Marin County OA MJHMP Planning Meetings
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
87 2.7 REVIEW AND INCORPORATION OF EXISTING PLANS
Planning efforts are supportive of each other. Information from the Marin OA MJHMP is incorporated into and used to support the City, County, and Town General Plans, Emergency Operations Plans, and continuity plans. Many of these planning efforts incorporate all Marin County jurisdictions and Special Districts. The development of this plan incorporated information from the following existing plans, studies, reports, and initiatives as well as other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions:

All Jurisdictions (Marin County OA)
• Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) 2010 multi- jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan for the San Francisco Bay Area, 2010 Update of 2005 Plan • Marin Map- online mapping tool includes hazard data, assets, zoning, current FEMA flood maps www.marinmap.org
• FEMA data via Flood Insurance Studies, BureauNet
• Marin County - Community Wildfire Protection Plan(CWPP) www.firesafemarin.org/cwpp • Marin Community Wildfire Protection Plan, 2020.
• Marin Shoreline Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment • DSOD dam safety information
• ABAG earthquake: https://abag.ca.gov/our-work/resilience/data-research/earthquake • 2018 State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Marin Stormwater Resource Plan 2017
• The Scoop on Marin County Sewer Systems: Part I 2013/2014 Marin County Civil Grand Jury
• U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Census
• The studies detail flood depths and base flood elevations. Used in development of risk assessments and mitigation actions
• Marin Municipal Water District Urban Water Management Plan 2015 (approved June 7, 2016)
• Countywide Watershed Stewardship Plan
• Plan Bay Area 2040
• Sonoma County Water Agency Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • CAL FIRE & Marin County Fire Department Strategic Fire Plans • International Urban-Wildland Interface Code 2003
• Community Exposure to Tsunami Hazards in California report & National Geodetic Data Center database of tsunami occurrences
• Cliff and Erosion Technical Background Report, 2003 prepared for Marin County Local Coastal Program update
• Landslide Inventory, California Department of Conservation • California Building, Plumbing and Mechanical Codes
Unincorporated Marin County
Marin County’s 2023 MJHMP will be referenced in the 2023 County of Marin General Plan:

Safety Element and Housing Element 2023 Update.
• 2007 Marin Countywide Plan
• Local Coastal Program
City of Belvedere
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
88 Belvedere’s 2023 General Plan Environmental Hazards Element has thorough treatment of environmental hazards and references the City’s participation in the 2018 Marin County MJHMP and development of the 2023 update. The City’s 2011 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) was contained its Flood Mitigation Plan.
• 2023 General Plan
• Flood Mitigation Plan
• Capital Improvement Plan
• Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)
• Traffic Safety Study
Town of Corte Madera
Corte Madera’s General Plan was updated in 2023. The General Plan calls for implementation of a Hazard Plan. The Town’s Capital Improvement Plan and building and municipal codes have been updated since 2011 and incorporate portions of the Marin County OA MJHMP Corte Madera Community Profile.
• Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
• General Plan Safety Element
• Housing Element
City of Larkspur
Larkspur is in process of updating its General Plan, which was last updated in 2023. The updated plan will comply with the Disaster Management Act 2000 by including a Safety Element that references this Hazard Mitigation Plan. The following documents are examples of the City’s continuing progress implementing mitigation measures.
• General Plan Safety Element
• Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
City of Mill Valley
Mill Valley’s participation in the 2018 Marin County MJHMP was approved in 2019 and it has been incorporated it into other mechanisms such as the City’s General Plan (MV2040, adopted 2014) which calls for maintenance, updates, and implementation of the All Hazard Mitigation Plan.
• 2023 General Plan Update ‘2040 General Plan’ including Climate Action Plan & Housing Element
• General Fund and Capital Improvement Plan
• Sewerage Agency of Southern Marin (SASM) Master Plan
• City of Mill Valley Emergency Operations Plan
• City of Mill Valley Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan Update 2017 City of Novato
Novato participated in the 2018 Marin County MJHMP and is currently updating its General Plan. The current draft Safety and Health strategy #7a is to “Periodically update the City’s Emergency Operations Plan and Local Hazard Mitigation Plan to coordinate with emergency plans of other governmental agencies and respond to changing conditions”. The new general plan also refers to the previous hazard mitigation plan for additional information on certain hazards such as wildfire.
• 2035 General Plan
• Existing Conditions Report, April 2014
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
89 • 2008 City Flood Mitigation Plan
• Emergency Preparedness Plan
• Emergency Operations Plan
• Stafford Dam Emergency Action Planning and Risk Awareness in 2015 • Identified Site Emergency Planning Application, (ISEPA) • Novato Elected/Appointed Official Guide to Disaster Operations 2017 • City of Novato Local Drainage Master Plan
• City of Novato Repetitive Loss Plan
City of San Rafael
The City’s “General Plan 2040” updated in 2021 calls for preparation and adoption of an LHMP.

Since then, the City has prepared and adopted an LHMP.

City of San Rafael 2040 General Plan
• City of San Rafael 2040 General Plan Background Report • City of San Rafael Climate Change Action Plan
• City of San Rafael Community Emergency Preparedness Plan • City of San Rafael Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy Report • Climate Adaptation – Sea Level Rise, San Rafael CA. White Paper • Marin Bay Shoreline Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment City of Sausalito
Sausalito participated in the 2018 Marin County MJHMP that it incorporated into other mechanisms.
• 2021 General Plan
• 2021 General Plan, including Climate Action Plan & Hazards & Public Safety Element Town of Fairfax
The Town’s 2012 General Plan and 2011 ABAG Hazard Mitigation Plan Annex were developed concurrently, so the General Plan Advisory Committee (GPAC) reviewed, refined, and incorporated selected mitigation strategies into the final draft 2021 General Plan Safety Element. The Safety Element states that it “is intended to complement and support not only the other General Plan Elements, but also other Town plans and documents, such as the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), and the Flood Mitigation Plan (FMP).
• 2021 General Plan Safety Element
• Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
• Emergency Response Plan
• Community Preparedness Plan
Town of Ross
Ross’s General Plan was completed and adopted in 2007, before its participation in the 2018 Marin County MJHMP. The 2018 Marin County MJHMP has been incorporated into other planning mechanisms.
• Town of Ross General Plan 2007 – 2025
• 2023 General Plan – Housing Element
• 2018 Marin County MJHMP
• Ross Valley Sanitary District Strategic Plan
• Ross Valley Sewer System Replacement Master Plan 2007 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
90 • Ross Valley Sanitary District response to Grand Jury Report Dated June 16, 2011:
"Ross Valley Sanitary District: Not Again!"
Town of San Anselmo
San Anselmo’s participated in the 2018 Marin County MJHMP, and has incorporated it into other planning mechanisms such as the General Plan, which was adopted in 2019. 2011 Climate Action Plan
• 2011 Capital Improvement Plan Study for Flood Damage Reduction and Creek Management in Flood Zone 9/Ross Valley
• Town of San Anselmo 2019 General Plan
• 2023 General Plan – Housing Element
• 2008 Flood Mitigation Plan
• Town of San Anselmo Municipal Code
• 7-year Capital Improvement Plan 2015
• Corte Madera Creek 2010 Flood Control Study Baseline Report Available through US Army Corps of Engineers and Ross Valley Flood Control Program website Town of Tiburon
Tiburon’s “General Plan 2040” from 2023 calls for the adoption of an LHMP to comply with DMA 2000. Since then the Town has adopted the ABAG LMHP Annex in 2012. • 2023 General Plan Update ‘2040 General Plan’ including Climate Action Plan & Hazards & Public Safety Element
• Capital Improvement Plan
• Emergency Operations Plan
• General Plan Safety Element
North Marin Water District
• 2017 Stafford Dam Emergency Action Plan
• 2015 Master Plan Update for the Oceana Marin Wastewater System, NMWD Job File 8 4046.00
• 2018 Novato Water System Master Plan Update, NMWD Job File 1 7039.02 Coordination with other community planning efforts is also paramount to the success of this plan. Hazard mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies, tools, and actions that will reduce a community’s risk and vulnerability to hazards. Marin County uses a variety of comprehensive planning mechanisms, such as general plans and ordinances, to guide growth and development. Integrating existing planning efforts and mitigation policies and action strategies into this plan establishes a credible and comprehensive plan that ties into and supports other community programs. The development of this plan incorporated information from the following existing plans, studies, reports, and initiatives as well as other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions:
• California Drought Contingency Plan.
• California Volcanoes and Volcanics. U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory.
• Central Valley Flood Control Project.
• Cities/Counties Ranked by Size, Numeric, and Percent Change. State of California Department of Finance. 2014.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
91 • Community Rating System. Federal Emergency Management Agency National Flood Insurance Program.
• Contingency Plan for Excessive Heat Emergencies – A Supporting Document to the State Emergency Plan, April 2010.
• Developing the Mitigation Plan: Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementation Strategies. Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 386-3. 2003. • Ebbets Pass Special Plan. 1988.
• Enhanced Fujita Scale. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Storm Prediction Center. 2007.
• Future Eruptions in California's Long Valley Area—What’s Likely? U.S. Geological Survey. Fact Sheet 073-97. 1997.
• Getting Started: Building Support for Mitigation Planning. Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 386-1. 2002.
• Hazard Mitigation Planning and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. Federal Register.

Interim Final Rule. February 26, 2002.
• HAZUS-MH 2.1. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2012. • Integrating Manmade Hazards into Mitigation Planning. Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 386-7. 2003.
• Introduction to Hazard Mitigation. Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA IS393.A. 2006. • Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1997.
• Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: An Independent Study to Assess the Future Savings from Mitigation Activities. National Institute of Building Science Multi-Hazard Mitigation Council. 2005.
• Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the State of California. California Geological Survey. Open-File Report 96-08. 1996.
• Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act. Public Law 93-288, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 5121-5207. June 2007.
• Saddle Creek Special Plan. 2008.
• Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the United States. University of South Carolina Hazards Research Lab.
• State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. California Emergency Management Agency. 2013.
• Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses. Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 386-2. 2001.

Data from these plans and ordinances were incorporated into the risk assessment and hazard vulnerability sections of the plan. Where the data from the existing studies and reports is used in this plan update, the source document is referenced throughout this plan update. The data was also used in determining the capability of the community in being able to implement certain mitigation strategies.

A key example of coordinating with other planning efforts is the coordination of this MJHMP with local-CWPPs. This is critical for two important reasons. First, wildfires do not stop at corporate or jurisdictional boundaries and evaluating fire risk issues on a regional basis provides a comprehensive approach to understanding and addressing identified wildfire risk and vulnerability. Second, a successful mitigation strategy requires that these planning efforts be coordinated.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
92 Many other local, state, and federal documents were reviewed and considered, as appropriate, during the collection of data which include the hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, and capability assessment.

2.8 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
The Public Outreach efforts mirrored the Planning Team approach with a unified effort, led by the County OEM, involving all participating jurisdictions and districts. Extensive and coordinated public outreach was done involving all participating jurisdictions and districts with an eye towards equity, inclusion, openness, accessibility, and ensuring we meet the population where they live, work, or recreate to provide convenience of access and ease of participation in this planning process.

Early discussions with the Marin County OEM established the initial plan for public engagement to ensure a meaningful and inclusive public process with a focus on equity and accessible to the whole community. Public outreach for this plan update began at the beginning of the plan development process with an informational press release to inform the community of the purpose of the hazard mitigation planning process for the Marin County planning area and to invite the public to participate in the process.

Public involvement activities for this plan update included press releases; website postings; a community survey; stakeholder and public meetings; tabling at local events: and the collection of public and stakeholder comments on the draft plan which was posted on the County website.

Information provided to the public included an overview of the mitigation status and successes resulting from implementation of the 2018 plan as well as information on the processes, new risk assessment data, and proposed mitigation strategies for the plan update.

The County of Marin has several outreach programs, specifically designed to reach and include traditionally underserved and underrepresented communities, including, Health and Human Services’ Community Response Teams, Office of Equity’s Participatory Budgeting program, and a community-created Race and Equity Plan. To receive feedback on the Marin County OA MJHMP, bilingual outreach was conducted through the Community Response Teams, which are led by local non-profits, representing four zones of Marin County. Local non-profits are selected for grant funding to be the Community Response Team lead. Additionally, County representatives went on the West Marin radio station, KWMR, to reach rural populations.

Equity and Whole Community Approach
The Marin County OEM and the Steering Committee prioritized equity and engagement of the whole community in the development of the Marin County Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. As a means to reach as many members of the community as possible, Marin County OEM required that services be universally designed and delivered from the beginning to allow for the greatest level of engagement and feedback possible. Elements of the equity approach included:
44 CFR Requirement 201.6(b): An open public involvement process is essen�al to the development of an effec�ve plan. In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include: (1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the dra�ing stage and prior to plan approval. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
93 • Providing multiple means for public engagement via hybrid meetings (in-person meetings with a virtual attendance and comment option). • All presentations were accompanied by American Sign Language (ASL), ClosedCaptioning, and Spanish Interpretation • Presentations were reviewed by accessibility professionals prior to broadcasting to ensure the documents were able to be read by screen-readers. • All presentations were available on-line and recorded for persons who may not have been able to attend the live presentations.

Engaging hard-to-reach populations
This effort was to ensure the greatest equity and access to the public to enable participation in the process. The Marin County OEM outreach strategy is to “meet people where they are.” The Town hall meetings were conducted at different familiar locations within the county where people could easily access them and were conducted on both a weekday and weekend, and in the evening and during the daytime. The meetings were offered in-person with a virtual broadcast using Zoom videoconferencing and streamed live on the Marin County OEM Facebook account. After the meetings, Marin County OEM uploaded the recorded meetings to their website to allow the public on demand access to the meetings.

Translation and Interpretation Services
The survey and outreach materials were provided in both English and Spanish to improve accessibility among populations with limited English proficiency. The website uses Google Translate for accessibility in multiple languages. Interpretation services were offered for both town hall meetings. Each town hall meeting included, live Spanish translation and subtitles, live American Sign Language/ Certified Deaf Interpreter (ASL/CDI) interpretation, the ability for the Zoom videoconferencing attendee to activate subtitles in 28 different languages, and vision accessible PowerPoint slides.

Three stakeholder and public meetings were held, two at the beginning of the plan development process and one prior to finalizing the updated plan. Where appropriate, stakeholder and public comments and recommendations were incorporated into the final plan, including the sections that address mitigation goals and strategies. Specifically, public comments were obtained during the plan development process and prior to plan finalization.

All press releases and website postings are on file with the Marin County OEM. Public meetings were advertised in a variety of ways to maximize outreach efforts to both targeted groups and to the public at large. Advertisement mechanisms for these meetings and for involvement in the overall MJHMP development process include:
• Development and publishing of an MJHMP public outreach article • Providing press releases to local newspapers and radio stations • Posting meeting announcements on the local County MJHMP website • Email to established email lists
• Personal phone calls
The public outreach activities were conducted with participation from and on behalf of all jurisdictions participating in this plan.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
94 The Steering Committee has made the commitment to periodically bring this plan before the public through public meetings and community posting so that community members may make input as strategies and implementation actions change. Public meetings will continue to be held twice a year. Public meetings will continue to be stand-alone meetings but may also follow a council meeting or other official government meeting. The public will continue to be invited to public meetings via social media messaging, newspaper invitations, and through the website for each jurisdiction participating in the plan. Each jurisdiction is responsible for assuring that their community members are informed when deemed appropriate by the Steering Committee.

2.8.1 WEBSITE
At the beginning of the plan update process, Marin County OEM established a hazard mitigation website ( https://emergency.marincounty.org/pages/lhmp) to keep the public posted on plan development milestones and to solicit relevant input. The website also provided information on signing up for Alert Marin, provided detailed information about the hazard mitigation process and plan development, provided a URL and QR code link to the survey in both English and Spanish, and provided information about upcoming town hall meetings. (See Figure 2.1) The site’s address was publicized in all press releases, surveys and public town hall meetings. Each planning partner also established a link on their own agency website.

Information on the plan development process, the Steering Committee, a link to the Hazard Mitigation survey, and drafts of the plan were made available to the public on the site. Marin County intends to keep a website active after the plan’s completion to keep the public informed about successful mitigation projects and future plan updates.

Figure 2.1: Marin County OEM MJHMP Website
Source: Marin County OEM

2.8.2 PUBLIC MEETINGS
Two separate Marin County OA MJHMP Public Town Hall Meeting were conducted at different locations within the County, on different days of the week and during different times of the day. This effort was to ensure the greatest equity and access by the public to enable l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
__ J. ~ •RIN Emergencv. Portal Get Alerted Stay Informed Weather Prepare COVID-19 More· ~ 0 Marin County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation
Update
The various communities and service providers within
Marin County are working together to update our Marin
County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan . As part of this update process, we are asking for
community insight and input.
https1/t-me<gency.manncountyorg/pages/alerts
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
95 participation in the process. The Marin County OEM outreach strategy is to “meet people where they are”. Each Town Hall Meeting included, live Spanish translation and subtitles, Live American Sign Language (ASL/CDI) interpretation, the ability for the Zoom videoconferencing attendee to activate subtitles in 28 different languages, and vision accessible PowerPoint slide.

The first Town Hall Meeting was conducted on Thursday, April 13, 2023, from 6:00 pm to 7:30 pm, at the Marin County Board of Supervisors Chambers, Marin County Civic Center, 3501 Civic Center Drive, Room #330 San Rafael, CA 94903. The in-person meeting was also broadcast virtually using Zoom videoconferencing and streamed live on Marin County OEM Facebook account. Each of the jurisdictions participating in the MJHMP released a Press Release on their respective websites announcing the Public Town Hall Meeting and providing the date, time, and URL link to the Zoom Meeting for the public to log in and attend the Zoom Meeting. Marin County OEM also posted a notice for the Public Town Hall Meeting on their Facebook account. At the conclusion of the presentation, a question and answer session was held to answer questions from the attendees.

The second Town Hall Meeting was conducted on Saturday, April 29, 2023, from 10:00 am to 11:30 am, at the Marin County Health and Wellness Center, 3240 Kerner Ave. Rooms #109 and #110 San Rafael, CA. 94903. The meeting followed the same format as the first and hosted the same access level of equity and accessibility.

The Marin County MJHMP Public Town Hall Meeting was recorded and downloaded from Zoom and made available to all of the jurisdictions and districts to place on their websites and local Access TV for the public to view.

Meeting participants were also invited to complete the Hazard Mitigation Survey and were provided the URL link to the Survey Monkey website to complete the survey.

Figure 2.2: Marin County OA MJHMP Town Hall Meeting
Source: Preparative Consulting
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
96 Figure 2.3: Collecting community feedback on the MJHMP Source: Marin County OEM

2.8.3 SOCIAL MEDIA
Marin County and its participating jurisdictions utilized several forms of social media to reach residents and customers. Information about the Hazard Mitigation Planning process was communicated to the public via Facebook, Twitter, and local access TV. Residents and customers were invited to complete the Hazard Mitigation Plan survey which was accessible via an attached URL or QR Code and provide feedback on potential hazard mitigation projects or programs.

The results of the survey were provided to each of the planning partners and used to support the jurisdictional annex process. Each planning partner was able to use the survey results to help identify actions as follows:
• Gauge the public’s perception of risk and identify what community members are concerned about.
• Identify the best ways to communicate with the public. • Determine the level of public support for different mitigation strategies. • Understand the public’s willingness to invest in hazard mitigation.

During this planning process, completed surveys were submitted. The complete survey can be found in Appendix C of this plan.

2.8.4 PRESS RELEASES
Press releases were distributed over the course of the plan’s development as key milestones were achieved and prior to each Marin County OA MJHMP Public Town Hall Meeting. All press releases were made available to the community in both English and Spanish. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
97 Figure 2.4: Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Outreach Press Release Source: Marin County OEM

2.8.5 SURVEY
A hazard mitigation plan survey (see Figure 2.5) was developed by the Steering Committee and made available to the public in both English and Spanish. The survey was used to gauge household preparedness for natural hazards and the level of knowledge of tools and techniques that assist in reducing risk and loss from natural hazards. This survey was designed to help identify areas vulnerable to one or more natural hazards. The answers to its 10 questions helped guide the Steering Committee in defining our hazards, and selecting goals, objectives, and mitigation strategies. The survey was made available on the hazard mitigation plan website, advertised in press releases, and at town hall meetings. Finally, the survey and the process of public input was advertised throughout the course of the planning process. The survey was made available to the public on March 13, 2023, and closed on June 12, 2023. At the conclusion of the planning process 293 surveys were completed by the public.

Public Comments Considered by the Planning Team
The Planning Team used the following information gathered from the Public Outreach Survey to inform decisions regarding hazard mitigation strategies, actions, and priorities. • Climate Change, Wildfire, and Drought were the top hazards of concern for the public. • Text messages, mail, and the County website were the preferred methods for receiving hazard mitigation information.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Mann Counl)I 'Mt.illl.Jurl'5dlclioru1I H1wu 11
J ~.4 ',J t1911,tw,,,Pll'lnPubllc Outre,,c.h.Surv•y
Dear t.tann County ~:,, MWTt>er, A IC.PUO
The var10u, oormiunlHes <within Marin CO!..flly are YQklng 1ogelher IO UIP03'le \:=I Mar111 Ccxn,fy"s Mui~ Haz.Vd Millgatlorl Pian. As part or this ~,.,.. .. oommunltypl,tfmlng procen, we iJre asl&'Q torccmmunltylnf)ut to ensuret~t the prooo,ed ~ 1>oject,, .... ...-i .... ,. oJJoned""" , .. comnu,11)'$ e'1stt11g ~ 1iU1d e-xpec:Ul\lOn$.
1/Aial 1s Har.lid Millga1lan7 Hazard '4tlgatlon t!l ~ eJ1ort to rl!dlic:n tile IDs5 of llrt! .ino dam.lge to l)f0pef1y ano the envrronmeni by lessening 1ne lmpad' or NttUflli hazards on the C0ffllTU.Jnlty, By ~l'lding What na,ur ha!ards we tac4!I: lh Mann eounry, and ht1w ~ ha2:artb may l'npact our COfmlunltles lltw' ~ lnjurltlg people, """"1glog or <le5tloylng _,-,, o, lmpoeolng !he enYlfomlffi; we reference thlt document 10 $,fJek, ways to piote<:l people. property. -and the environment from uie Impact or lhese hantf'dS.
.As pr'qt!Cls or ptOgramS lo reduce or mitigate the Impact ol ttiose natural l'laZards on the com~. To be ellrJlb+e tor loc::ill Hazan:! MIUgaflon PrQ/e(:I: IUncJln9 we mustrirstconsldcrl'IOWttw::st- l\acut-ill ha.tar~"11pact U5and !twntiXPIOrehOWwe can ?(otecl agalnsl tnem. Wf! ~I II IS lrl'.,ortan1 to~ lhil!! wt'IOlc tOrlTrUJnlly [ntht$t!:ltoi'l
You a,e ~ to answe, a tew Simple questions abol.lt ~ lff'M a concetn to, l\atural hai:anfs kl )'IJllf comnullty and any S)teparedness adlon:s you hlM! taki!n or 'NY be 1a1<1ng 10 prepare for a "'-!Wraf dtsasw,
The County wm also addle,, new and eme,glng ltlreats W!tt;ln lnls document SUCh as cwna10 t.hangO ;,nt:1 ~ air quat1ry; ~ . ine prln'laly na1ura1 naza,cts being assessed are:

0.1fTIFallr.we °"""' Flow, E"10ion, LMO,llde, Pos.t-FireOecn,FkJw Ckougm
Eatl!>qua ..
-
L.and SU~ CSJl']khol!!}
.,_.F ... e
Se-a liNol Rfso
Se.\l~tWtalrM!t- Extreme H&at
severe Wealhet- Wlild, Hall,
UgMnlng
Wlkffite
T,....,.

Visa mt M"rln couary Hilffd llhiPfffl?n wewre,
Arltnd a Town H~II MU IIAAI
You arc ~Bel toarumo (JOO of two tt1tt1lrig1--biling hB1 In~ ~
,O;
Marin COt.ln'ty Mu.nt.JurlsdlcU.,n,at t4aza,d
Mit191uon Pinn Publl,c. Outreoch soniey
With a videocmference Md a Facebooi. llvr Fl"Cd fOr )'00 to pariJcfpa1b remoi:ety We y,,i pro--1de an ovefVle'w ot lhe ttsurd M!tjgal}Ol1 Plamtrig ptoeess and explain hOW you can help.

You may access lhe meetk,g remotely b)' dk:t:lng the Zoon, Unk bek>w:
\ , Thu~y, April 13, 2023, 6:00 pm to 7:30 pm
Marin county Boitrd or SupeMs«s CNmbtf'$
Marln Coi.ny CMG Cffler
3SOI CMe Cen1er Dr!Ye, Room #330 San Ra ..... CA 94903
"} , Saturday, April 29, 20:23, 10:00 am to 11:30 am
Ma:r'ln county Ht1tth aiMI Wtllntss center
s.240 ~ A'w't!I. Room:!! W 109 ;and in 10
Soar1 Raf.lei, CA. 94903
~
(llrf!!,ll~M)llJM'8~,wa.,,:f-. t, IY~
Meeting tO: 818 2438 0():10 Passa>de! 432999
!honk )'OU lo, lak»g lhe IJme lo oon,,lele M 1,,,,.,._ """"I• Eadi '°"'""""l' mtrnber-'5 rridbac:I( IS Cl'i!Jcal 10 too c::iu.My's t-nort IOdevtrop a ~~~ p111i11 co e-ffecrrvety prg1ea cne commvnltles ot M.:irin, -~,
St&ven Torrence
Oheetorol Emetgeney~I
Ofllce ar Emergency Managemen'I
..... ,~ ........
0 IICPVO
,,,_ .... ~
DI
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
98 • 48% of respondents expressed that they were “Very Much” concerned and 31% were “Moderately” concerned that a natural disaster could impact their home or place of residence.
• 85% of respondents own their own home.
• 99% of respondents have access to the internet.

Figure 2.5: Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey
Source: Preparative Consulting

2.8.6 PUBLIC COMMENT ON THE PLAN
To solicit public feedback on the draft plan, Marin OEM engaged in a multi-faceted approach intended to reach as many Marin residents as possible, including members of the community who are under-served and under-represented. All members of the community had the opportunity to provide initial comments on the plan during a two-week period from Public Outreach Survey
h�ps://www.surveymonkey.com/r/MarincountyMJHMP
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a ~ ARIN ~
-
-
Mar1n County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey Public Outreach Survey
Encuesta del Plan Local de Mitigad6n. de Riesgos MultiJurlsdlcclonal de'l Condado de Marin en Espaflol https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/MarinCountyMJHMPEspanol
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
99 Wednesday, December 4, 2023, to Wednesday, December 18, 2023. Although the initial comment period was listed as two weeks, the public could submit comments indefinitely via the County’s website to support the County’s continuous improvement efforts. The base plan, as well as city, town and special district annexes, were available for download on emergency.marincounty.org (include photos). The website additionally asked for feedback in a survey in English and Spanish (include photos), the survey was designed to establish where that person lives or works, their top hazards of concern, elicit feedback on the plan and offer a place for them to share projects to reduce risk in their community. The survey collected responses from the community in English and in Spanish.

The website and survey were shared through traditional and social media (photos) The Marin Independent Journal (Marin IJ) used the press release to write an article (hopefully; include photos). Social media accounts were updated four times with an initial ask, two reminders, and a closing announcement. The Marin OEM Public Information Officer coordinated with the Marin County Public Information Officers (MAPIO) working group to distribute information to partner jurisdictions (city, town, and special districts) to share this information on their social media sites and with the communities in the area.

To reach those who may not be engaged digitally, the planning team worked with Marin County Community Response Teams, (CRTs are a collaboration of non-profit organizations supporting underrepresented communities in four zones) to conduct outreach with half-sheet flyers in English and Spanish to share in the 4 CRT zones (southern Marin, north Marin, west Marin, San Rafael). These half sheets were also shared county-wide at libraries, including in areas not covered by CRTs, like at the Fairfax library. CRTs are designed to reach Marin’s traditionally underserved and underrepresented communities, so by conducting outreach through this method, we were able to inform residents who may not have been engaged otherwise, including residents in Marin City, West Marin, and the Canal District of San Rafael.

The 14-day public comment period gave the public an opportunity to comment on the draft plan update prior to the plan’s submittal to Cal OES. Comments received on the draft plan are available upon request. All comments were reviewed by the planning team and incorporated into the draft plan as appropriate.

Public Comments Considered by the Planning Team
The Marin County OEM posted the draft Hazard Mitigation Plan and hazard mitigation actions on their website and solicited public comments on the content. The Planning Team gathered public comments and information on the Marin County OEM website regarding proposed and current Hazard Mitigation Actions. The Planning Team used the comments and suggestions to inform decisions regarding hazard mitigation strategies, actions, and priorities. Most comments included ideas for hazard mitigation projects and comments on the effectiveness of current mitigation projects. These comments were used to revised the proposed hazard mitigation actions which resulted in the final list of hazard mitigation actions listed in 4.9 Hazard Mitigation Actions.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
100
SECTION 3.0: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK

ASSESSMENT
The Marin County Operational Area (OA) is at risk from a variety of hazards. Many of these hazards, could result in a disastrous impact on the county.

Although an attempt has been made to identify all major hazards and their respective impacts within Marin County, it must be highlighted that we live in a time of new and emerging threats.

To the extent to which there are certain natural events which are inevitable and necessary for the environment to remain in balance (e.g., earthquakes, wildfires, and flooding), the County of Marin recognizes that no natural hazard is solely natural, and the risk assessments identified within this plan are linked to human influences from local and global human actions or inaction.

Risk to natural hazards is a combination of hazard, vulnerability, and capability. The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The goal of the risk assessment is to estimate the potential losses in Marin County from a hazard event. This process also allows communities in Marin County to better understand their potential risk to human-influenced, natural hazards and provides a framework for developing and prioritizing mitigation actions to reduce risks from future hazards in Marin County.

3.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
The process of identifying hazards that do or could potentially affect Marin County at various levels was the first step in assessing overall risk. Recognizing the potential required an analysis of known, suspected, and emerging hazards existing within or directly affecting Marin County.

Some of the following questions were used during the analysis:
• What are the known hazards?
• What are the suspected hazards?
• What are the potential, new, or emerging hazards?
• What are the elements of the hazard?
• What are the conditions associated with the occurrence of a hazardous event? • What factors are required for an event to turn hazardous? The Steering Committee reviewed data from the following sources on hazards affecting the county: the Federal and State Disaster Declaration History, the State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018), the Safety Element of the participating jurisdictions, and the 2018 Marin County OA MJHMP. Additional documents are noted in the reference section of this document. 44 CFR Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i) [The risk assessment shall include a] descrip�on of the type, loca�on and extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdic�on. The plan shall include informa�on on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
101
The Steering Committee came to agreement on significant hazards to the Marin County OA.

The following natural hazards are detailed in this section and are profiled for each jurisdiction participating in the Marin County OA MJHMP:

Table 3.1: Marin County OA MJHMP Hazard Identification and Comparison 2023 Hazards Climate
Profile
2018
Hazards Comment
Climate Change Yes Climate Change –
not included
The impact of climate change
profiled and discussed in all
applicable hazards.

Coastal Erosion Now profiled under debris
flows/landslide.

Dam Failure Earthquake Now profiled as a separate hazard.

Debris Flow Yes Severe Storm
and Wildfire Now profiled as a separate hazard.

Drought Yes Wildfire Now profiled as a separate hazard.

Earthquake Earthquake Continued as a hazard.

Flood Yes Severe Storm Now profiled as a separate hazard.

Land Subsidence Yes Severe Storm Now profiled as a separate hazard.

Levee Failure Yes Severe Storm Now profiled as a separate hazard.

Liquefaction Now profiled under Earthquake.

Sea Level Rise Yes Sea Level Rise
– Severe Storms
Sea Level Rise now profiled as a
separate hazard.

Severe Weather –
Extreme Heat Yes Wildfire Now profiled under Severe Weather.

Severe Weather –
High Wind/Tornado Yes Severe Storm Continued as a hazard under Severe Weather.

Tsunami Yes Tsunami/Seiche Continued as a hazard
Wildfire Yes Wildfire Continued as a hazard
Table 3.1: Marin County OA MJHMP Hazard Identification and Comparison Table 3.2 below lists additional hazards of interest that were identified by the Steering Committee as having some potential to impact the planning area but are not hazards eligible for Hazard Mitigation Grant Funding. These hazards have been briefly profiled to illustrate their potential impact on the County of Marin. No formal risk assessment of these hazards was performed. However, all planning partners for this plan should be aware of these hazards and should take steps to reduce the risks they present whenever it is practical to do so. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
102
Table 3.2: Marin County OA MJHMP Other Hazards Profiled Critical Infrastructure/ Utility Disruption
Cyber Threats
Oil Spills
Pandemic
Air Pollution
Transportation Systems
Table 3.2: Marin County OA MJHMP Other Hazards Profiled

3.1.1 DISASTER DECLARATION HISTORY
One method to identify hazards is to look at the events that have triggered federal and/or state disaster declarations that included Marin County. The following table lists the disaster declarations where Marin County was designated federal and/or state disaster declarations since the 2018 MJHMP update.

Table 3.3 shows the number of state and federal declared disasters in Marin County in relation to the rest of California from 1950-2023.

Table 3.3: State and Federal Declared Disasters in Marin County Location Event Type(s) Year State/Federal # Damage Est.* Tomales Tornado 1996 $205,000
Southern Marin Flash Flood 1998 $2,000,000
Corte Madera Heavy Rain 2002 $200,000
Coastal Marin Coastal Flood 2005/
2006 $340,000
Countywide Flood 2005/
2006 $219,000,000
Interior Valleys Debris Flow 2006 $45,900,000
Coastal Marin Strong Wind 2006 $500,000
Interior Valleys Frost/Freeze 2007 $3,000,000
Corte Madera Flash Flood 2008 $50,000
Interior Valleys and
Mountains Strong Wind 2009 $140,000
Countywide (Santa
Venetia) Flood/Wind 2009 $260,000
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2009 $85,000
Coastal Marin Coastal Flood, Strong
Wind, Flood 2010 $770,000
Countywide (Larkspur) Heavy Rain/ Strong
Wind 2010 $100,000
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
103
Countywide Strong Wind 2010 $85,000
Coastal Marin Strong Wind/Storm
Surge 2011 $325,000
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2011 $50,000
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2011 $200,000
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2012 $60,000
Interior Valleys and
Coast Strong Wind 2012 $501,500
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2012 $150,000
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2012 $50,100
Countywide Flood/Strong Wind 2012 $210,100
Mountains Strong Wind 2013 $80,000
Countywide (Greenbrae,
Novato, Marin City,
Tamalpais Valley, Olema)
Flash Flood/Debris
Flow 2014 $6,001,000
Interior Valleys/Coast Strong Wind 2014 $115,600
Interior Valleys and
Mountains Strong Wind 2015 $23,500
Mill Valley AFS Heavy Rain 2015 No data
Interior Valleys Coastal Flood 2016 No data
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2016 No data
Alto Flash Flood 2016 No data
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2017 Fed 3381 No data
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2017 Fed 4301 No data
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2017 Fed 4302 No data
San Rafael and Corte
Madera Flood 2017 Local No data
Kentfield Flash Flood 2017 Local No data
Tomales Flood 2017 Local No data
Corte Madera Flood 2017 Local No data
Ignacio, Burdell, Marin
City, Mountains
Strong Wind, Flash
Flood, Flood 2017 Local No data
Interior Valleys Strong Wind 2017 Local No data
Mountains Strong Wind 2017 Local No data
Mountains and Coast Strong Wind 2017 Local No data
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
104
Interior Valleys and
Mountains Strong Wind 2017 Local No data
Greenbrae and
Mountains Strong Wind, Flood 2017 Local No data
Interior Valleys and
Coast Strong Wind 2017 Local No data
Corte Madera Flood 2018 Local No data
Countywide Public Safety Power
Shutoff (PSPS) 2019 Local
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2019 Fed 4431
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2019 Fed 4434
Countywide COVID-19 2020 Fed 4482
Woodward Valley Trail
and the Coast Trail
(Woodward Fire)
Lightning, Wildfire 2020 Local
Pt Reyes
Coastal Oil Spill
(American Challenger
ship wreck)
2021 Local
Countywide Drought 2021 Local
Countywide Extreme Heat Event 2021 Local
Countywide
Atmospheric River,
Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding
2021 CDAA 2022-02
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2022 Fed DR-4683
Countywide
Severe Winter Storms,
High Winds, Flooding,
Landslides
2022 Fed DR-4699
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides
2022-
2023
CDAA 2023-01
CDAA 2023-02
Countywide Severe Winter Storms,
Flooding, Landslides 2023 CDAA 2023-03
* Damage estimates may be initial damage estimates for the Local Proclamations and do not necessarily represent the final damage estimates.

Table 3.3: State and Federal Declared Disasters in Marin County

3.1.2 OMISSION OF HAZARDS
Several natural hazards were omitted from further analysis for all participating jurisdictions due to either their low probability of occurrence or minimal impact:
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
105
Avalanche: An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a hill or mountainside. The Marin County OA rarely gets snow and not in significant enough quantities to cause an avalanche.

Fog: Fog is a collection of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth’s surface. While the Marin County OA experiences severe and dense fog, Marin County does not consider it to be a significant enough threat for profiling in the 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP.

Haboob: A haboob is a type of intense dust storm carried on an atmospheric gravity current known as a weather front. Haboobs occur primarily in arid regions including parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. The Marin County OA does not have arid land and does not experience haboobs.

Severe Weather – Hail/Ice/Snow: Hail is pellets of frozen rain that fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds while snow is atmospheric water vapor frozen into ice crystals and falling in light white flakes. There have been minor occurrences of hail, ice, and snow in Marin County, but none that have had significant impacts. A significant event is not expected to occur in the Marin County OA due to its mild winter temperatures and climate.

Severe Weather – Freeze/Extreme Cold: Freeze and extreme cold are defined as a period in which temperatures fall below the freezing point of 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius.

The Marin County OA rarely experiences freezing temperatures or extreme cold due to its mild winter temperatures and climate.

Space Weather: Space weather includes conditions and events on the sun, in solar wind, in near-Earth space, and in Earth’s upper atmosphere that can affect space-borne and groundbased technological systems. Space weather also includes asteroids, comets, and meteors.

There have been no space weather events in Marin County. While a solar flare has the potential to disrupt communications and while an impact from a space object could cause significant loss of life and destruction, the unknown results of these events limit the County’s ability to truly profile and assess this hazard.

Tropical Storm/Hurricane: A tropical storm is a tropical cyclone with winds of 39-73 miles per hour while a hurricane is a tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles per hour or greater. Though tropical cyclones have passed over Southern California, none have reached Marin County due to its northern latitude and climate. Whereas climate change may include the likelihood of a Tropical Storm and Hurricane reaching the Bay Area, the Marin Operational Area will view these hazards as a severe storm, strong winds, and/ or flooding events, which are profiled within the document.

Volcano: A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a reservoir of molten rock below the surface of the earth. While there are volcanoes in the Cascade Range to the north of Marin County that could potentially impact the Marin County OA with ash fall upon eruption, the Marin County OA does not consider volcanoes to be significant enough for profiling in the 2023 Marin County OA MJHMP.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
106

3.2 HAZARD ANALYSIS
The Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) provides the factual basis for activities proposed in the mitigation strategy that will reduce losses from identified hazards. The HIRA makes a clear connection between the community’s vulnerability and the hazard mitigation actions. According to Section 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations, The MJHMP must include a definition and description of the natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, as well as several additional required elements for natural hazards:

Location and Previous Occurrences
Location means the geographic areas in the planning area that are affected by each hazard.

This information is shown in narrative form and/or in maps. The MJHMP also includes the history of previous hazard events for each of the identified hazards.

Impacts
Impact means the consequence or effect of the hazard on the community and its assets.

Assets are determined by the community and include, for example, people, structures, facilities, systems, capabilities, and/or activities that have value to the community.

Extent
Extent describes the potential severity of a disaster and any secondary events caused by the hazard in the operational area. Extent is classified by the following:
• Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of the operational area affected • Critical: Between 25-50 percent of the operational area affected • Limited: 10-25 percent of the operational area affected • Negligible: Less than 10 percent of the operational area affected Probability
Probability notes the frequency of past events and is used to gauge the likelihood of future occurrences. Based on historical data, the probability of future occurrences is categorized into 44 CFR Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii) [The risk assessment shall include a] descrip�on of the jurisdic�on’s vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this sec�on. This descrip�on shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community. All plans approved a�er October 1, 2008 must also address NFIP insured structures that have been repe��vely damaged by floods. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of:
(A) The types and numbers of exis�ng and future buildings, infrastructure, and cri�cal facili�es located in the iden�fied hazard areas;
(B) An es�mate of the poten�al dollar losses to vulnerable structures iden�fied in … this sec�on and a descrip�on of the methodology used to prepare the es�mate. (C) Providing a general descrip�on of land uses and development trends within the community so that mi�ga�on op�ons can be considered in future land use decisions. §201.6(c)(2)(iii) For mul�‐jurisdic�onal plans, the risk assessment sec�on must assess each jurisdic�on’s risks where they vary from the risks facing the en�re planning area. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
107
one of the following classifications:
• Highly Likely: Near 100 percent chance of occurrence next year or happens every year • Likely: Between 10 percent and 100 percent chance of occurrence in the next year or has a recurrence interval of 10 years or less
• Occasional: Between 1 percent and 10 percent chance of occurrence in the next year or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 50 years
• Unlikely: Less than 1 percent chance of occurrence in next 50 years or has a recurrence interval of greater than every 50 years
The probability, or chance of occurrence, was calculated where possible based on existing data.

Probability was determined by dividing the number of events observed by the number of years and multiplying by 100. This gives the percent chance of the event happening in any given year.

An example would be three droughts occurring over a 30-year period, which suggests a 10 percent chance of that hazard occurring in any given year.

Vulnerability
The vulnerability assessment further defines and quantifies populations, buildings, critical facilities, and other community assets at risk to natural hazards. The vulnerability assessment for this plan followed the methodology described in the FEMA 386-2, Understanding Your Risks – Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses.

The vulnerability assessment was conducted based on the best available data and the significance of the hazard. Data to support the vulnerability assessment was collected from the following sources:
• County and jurisdictional GIS data (hazards, base layers, and other government data) through MarinMap
• Statewide GIS datasets compiled by CalOES to support mitigation planning • Written descriptions of assets and risks provided by participating jurisdictions • Existing plans and reports
• Personal interviews with jurisdictional representatives and other stakeholders The vulnerability assessment describes the assets at risk in Marin County, including the total exposure of people and property; critical facilities and infrastructure; natural, cultural, and historic resources; and economic assets.

During the Kickoff Meeting with the MJHMP Planning Team and the Steering Committee, the group was provided with a Hazard Risk Ranking Worksheet to complete. The members were asked to provide their opinion on the types of hazards that may impact Marin County. These hazards will be included in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment portion of the MJHMP and considered in the Mitigation Strategy portion of the MJHMP. They were asked to consider a hazard from the perspective of the worst-case scenario. Members were provided a list of hazards from the 2018 MJHMP and additional hazards they presented for consideration.

The list of hazards was consolidated to group similar hazards and focused on only natural hazards, per FEMA’s guidance for local hazard mitigation planning. Members were asked to choose the most likely hazards within the County.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
108
The results of the assessment from the Planning Team and Steering Committee assessment were presented to the Steering Committee to validate. The Steering Committee came to agreement on the following significant hazards to Marin County and its participating jurisdictions. These significant natural hazards are detailed and ranked in this section:

Table 3.4: Marin County Hazard Risk Assessment
Hazard
Probability/
Likelihood of
Future Events
Geographic
Extent
Magnitude/
Severity
Climate
Change
Influence
Significance Risk
Score
Dam Failure Unlikely Negligible Extreme Low Medium 9.00 Debris Flow,
Erosion, Landslide,
Post-Fire Debris
Flow
Occasional Extensive Severe Medium Medium 13.00
Drought Highly Likely Extensive Moderate High High 16.00 Earthquake Highly Likely Extensive Extreme None High 15.00 Flooding Highly Likely Limited Severe High Medium 14.00 Land Subsidence
(Sinkhole) Occasional Limited Moderate Medium Medium 10.00 Levee Failure Unlikely Negligible Moderate Medium High 9.00 Sea Level Rise Highly Likely Limited Extreme High High 16.00 Severe Weather –
Extreme Heat Highly Likely Extensive Moderate High Medium 15.00 Severe Weather –
Wind, Tornado Highly Likely Extensive Moderate High Medium 15.00 Tsunami Highly Likely Limited Extreme Medium High 15.00 Wildfire Highly Likely Significant Severe High High 16.00 Table 3.4: Marin County Hazard Risk Assessment
Once the Steering Committee determined the hazards to be profiled, they were asked to assess the vulnerability and risk to their jurisdictions or districts posed by these hazards. To inform this assessment the Steering Committee completed a detailed list of their critical facilities, critical infrastructure, and high potential loss facilities in their jurisdiction or district. This information was inputted into the County of Marin Office of Emergency Management GIS mapping program and plotted on a map of their jurisdiction or district. Each hazard profiled was then separately overlayed onto the map of the jurisdiction or district to show the impact the hazard may have on the critical facilities, critical infrastructure, and high potential loss facilities.

The Steering Committee was provided a hazard vulnerability and risk assessment tool to assess and score each hazard based on five categories: Probability/ Likelihood of Future Events, Geographic Extent, Magnitude/ Severity, Climate Change Influence, and Significance.

Since each jurisdiction or special district is vulnerable to some but not all hazards, such as sea level rise that threatens coastal communities but not all communities within Marin County, each 1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
j j j j j j
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
109
jurisdiction or special district was asked to consider their exposure to each hazard. If their jurisdiction or district is not vulnerable to sea level rise then they might assess their vulnerability to that hazard as "None." For hazards that they are vulnerable to they were asked to assess them using the extent, likelihood, and severity categories discussed above.

Probability/ Likelihood of Future Events
• Unlikely: Occurs in intervals greater than 100 years - Less than 1% probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval greater than 100 years. • Occasional: Occurring every 11 to 100 years - 1-10% probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
• Likely: Occurring every 1 to 10 years - 10-90% probability of occurrence in the next year or recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years.
• Highly Likely: Occurring almost every year - 90-100% probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year.

Geographic Extent
• Negligible: Less than 10% of the planning area
• Limited: 10-25% of the planning area
• Significant: 25-75% of planning area
• Extensive: 75-100% of planning area
Magnitude/ Severity
• Weak: Limited classification on scientific scale, slow speed of onset or short duration of event, resulting in little to no damage.
• Moderate: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset or moderate duration of event, resulting in some damage and loss of services for days. • Severe: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of onset or long duration of event, resulting in devastating damage and loss of services for weeks or months. • Extreme: Extreme classification on scientific scale, immediate onset or extended duration of event, resulting in catastrophic damage and uninhabitable conditions.

Table 3.5: Hazard Magnitude and Severity Scale
Hazard Scale/Index Weak Moderate Severe Extreme
Drought Palmer Drought
Severity Index +1.99 to -1.99 -2.00 to -2.99 -3.00 to -3.99 -4.00 and below Earthquake Modified
Mercalli I to IV V to VII VIII IX to XII
Richter
Magnitude 2,3 4,5 6 7,8
Hurricane Wind
Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane
Wind Scale
1 2 3 4,5
Tornado Fujita Tornado
Damage Scale FO F1, F2 F3 F4, F5
Table 3.5: Hazard Magnitude and Severity Scale
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~

I I I I I
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
110
Climate Change Influence
• Low: Minimal potential impact
• Medium: Moderate potential impact
• High: Widespread potential impact
Significance
• Low: Minimal potential impact - Two or more criteria fall in lower classifications, or the event has a minimal impact on the planning area. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a minimal or unknown record of occurrences or for hazards with minimal mitigation potential.
• Medium: Moderate potential impact - The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.
• High: Widespread potential impact - The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with.

Each jurisdiction and district completed the Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Tool, and their individual results are recorded in their Jurisdictional or District Profile. The following Table

3.4 illustrates the results of the Marin County Risk Assessment.

Table 3.6: Marin County OA Hazard Risk Assessment –
Top Hazards Scored
Hazard Ranking Score

1. Drought 16

2. Sea Level Rise 16

3. Wildfire 16

4. Earthquake 15

5. Severe Weather – Extreme Heat 15

6. Severe Weather – Wind, Tornado 15

7. Tsunami 15

8. Flooding 14

9. Debris Flow, Erosion, Landslide, Post-Fire
Debris Flow 13

10. Land Subsidence (Sinkhole) 10

11. Dam Failure 9

12. Levee Failure 9
Table 3.6: Marin County Hazard Risk Assessment – Top Hazards Scored l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
111
Risk Level Risk Numerical Score
High Risk 12 - 16
Serious Risk 8 - 11
Moderate Risk 4 - 7
Low Risk 1 - 3
Figure 3.1: Marin County Risk Assessment – Top Hazards Graphed

3.2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE
The County of Marin and associated jurisdictions profiled jointly recognize that the earth’s climate is forcibly being augmented due to humans’ reliance on fossil fuels and non-natural resources which pose negative impacts on the earth’s climate. Reliance on fossil fuels and nonnatural products results in the climate shifting to include unseasonable temperatures, more frequent and intense storms, prolonged heat and cold events, and a greater reliance on technological advancements to maintain the wellbeing of community members and balance of the environment. The forced adaptation to climatic shifts is necessary for the County and jurisdictions to understand and include with these assessments.

Locally to Marin, drought and rain events have already had devastating impacts to critical infrastructure, agriculture, and water resources; and globally, unseasonable temperatures have been identified as the cause for enhanced wildfires, severe droughts, ice sheets and glaciers disappearing, and persons emigrating from their countries due to a lack of sustainable, local resources. Melting land ice contributes additional water to the oceans and as ocean temperatures rise the water expands, both of which contribute to increase rates of sea level rise.

Marin is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by San Francisco Bay, making it particularly vulnerable to flooding and erosion caused by sea level rise. 16 16 16
15 15 15 15
14 13
10 9 9
0 2
4 6
8 10
12 14
16 18
Weighted Rank Percentage Value
Hazard Types
Hazards by Rank
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
112
The cause of current climate change is largely human activity, burning fossil fuels, natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these materials releases greenhouse gases into Earth’s atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun’s rays inside the atmosphere causing Earth’s average temperature to rise. This rise in the planet's temperature was formerly called, “global warming”, but climate change has shown to include both intense heat and cold shifts. The warming of the planet impacts local and regional climates. Throughout Earth's history, climate has continually changed; however, when occurring naturally, this is a slower process that has taken place over hundreds and thousands of years. The human influenced climate change that is happening now is occurring at an abnormally faster rate with devastating results.

GLOBAL OBSERVED AND PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND RISKS The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses the impacts of climate change, looking at ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities at global and regional levels. The IPCC also reviews vulnerabilities and the capacities and limits of the natural world and human societies to adapt to climate change. In their Sixth Assessment Report from 20221 ,
the following observations were made:
• Human-induced climate change, including more frequent and intense extreme events, has caused widespread adverse impacts and related losses and damages to nature and people, beyond natural climate variability.
• Global warming, reaching 1.5°C in the near-term, would cause unavoidable increases in multiple climate hazards and present multiple risks to ecosystems and humans. • Beyond 2040 and depending on the level of global warming, climate change will lead to numerous risks to natural and human systems.
• The magnitude and rate of climate change and associated risks depend strongly on near-term mitigation and adaptation actions, and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming. • Multiple climate hazards will occur simultaneously, and multiple climatic and non-climatic risks will interact, resulting in compounding overall risk and risks cascading across sectors and regions.

A 2020 study by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 2 confirmed that climate models are getting future warming projects right, finding the following:
• If global warming transiently exceeds 1.5°C in the coming decades or later, then many human and natural systems will face additional severe risks. • An estimated 60% of today’s methane emissions are the result of human activities. The largest sources of methane are agriculture, fossil fuels, and decomposition of landfill waste.
1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Headline Statements from the Summary for Policymakers, 2022. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/resources/spm-headline-statements/ 2 Study Confirms Climate Models are Getting Future Warming Projections Right, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2943/study-confirms-climate-models-are-getting-future-warming-projectionsright/ l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
113
• The concentration of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled over the past 200 years. Scientists estimate that this increase is responsible for 20 to 30% of climate warming since the Industrial Revolution (which began in 1750). • According to the most recent National Climate Assessment, droughts in the Southwest and heat waves (periods of abnormally hot weather lasting days to weeks) are projected to become more intense, and cold waves less intense and less frequent. • The last eight years have been the hottest years on record for the globe.

Figure 3.2: NASA Global Temperature Change CO2 Gas
Source: NASA Global Climate Change, 2022
Figure 3.3: NASA Global Temperature Change 1884 to 2022 Source: NASA Global Climate Change, 2022
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~

ATMOSPHERIC METHANE CONCENTRATIONS
SINCE 1984
Data source Data frorn NOAA, measured from a global
networK of a,r sampling sites
c
g
:ZS 1soo ------,------+-----"7'1-""'-----+- m

0. ~ "' 1750 ---~--~ - ,:e_-+-----~------+-
£',
I
Ll 1100 -----,,.c...,-------+--------,-------+--
1650
19M 2000 2010 ?020
YfcAR
TIME SERIES: 1884 TO 2022
Data source: NASNGISS
Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio
420
400
c
~ 380 E

11. "1 360 t:
!
6 340 [J
320
\ !160 19 70
YEAR
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
114
Drought
• The 22-year-long megadrought in southwestern US was the driest the territory had experienced in at least 1,200 years and was expected to persist.

Sea Level Rise
• Global sea levels are rising as a result of human-caused global warming, with recent rates being unprecedented over the past 2,500-plus years. • U.S. sea levels are projected to rise 1 to 6.6 Feet by 2100. (Note: Global sea levels have risen about 8 inches (0.2 meters) since reliable record-keeping began in 1880. By 2100, scientists project that it will rise at least another foot (0.3 meters), but possibly as high as

6.6 feet (2 meters) in a high-emissions scenario.)
• Sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean is expected to continue decreasing, and the Arctic Ocean will very likely become essentially “ice-free” in late summer seasons if current projections hold. This change is expected to occur before mid-century. • An indicator of changes to the projected sea level rise is the Arctic Sea ice minimum over time. Arctic Sea ice to this extent both affects and is affected by global climate change.

Figure 3.4: NASA Global Temperature Change Sea Level
Source: NASA Global Climate Change, 2022
Wildfire
• Warming temperatures have extended and intensified wildfire season in the West, where long-term drought in the region has heightened the risk of fires. 1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a ~ ARIN ~
SATELLITE DATA: 1993-PRESENT
Data source: Satellfte sea level observations.

Credit: NASA's. Goddard Spece Flight Center
100
E 80
,s
e
C 60
"al
~ 40 ~ C)
iii
I
20 ('!i
Ql
(/)
0 1995 2000 2005
RISE SINCE 1993
millimeters

2.010 2015 2020
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
115
• Scientists estimate that human-caused climate change has already doubled the area of forest burned in recent decades. By around 2050, the amount of land consumed by wildfires in Western states is projected to further increase by two to six times. • Even in traditionally rainy regions like the Southeast, wildfires are projected to increase by about 30%.

Flooding (Precipitation)
• Climate change is having an uneven effect on precipitation (rain and snow) in the United States, with some locations experiencing increased precipitation and flooding, while others suffer from drought.
• On average, more winter and spring precipitation is projected for the northern United States, and less for the Southwest, over this century.
• Projections of future climate over the U.S. suggest that the recent trend toward increased heavy precipitation events will continue. This means that while it may rain less frequently in some regions (such as the Southwest), when it does rain, heavy downpours will be more common.

Extreme Cold
• The length of the frost-free season, and the corresponding growing season, has been increasing since the 1980s, with the largest increases occurring in the western United States.

Climate change can also have numerous general impacts on human health (see Figure 3.5).

Figure 3.5: Human Health Impacts from Climate Change
Source: U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention

INDICATORS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CALIFORNIA
According to the California Natural Resource Agency (CNRA), climate change is already affecting California and is projected to continue to do so well into the foreseeable future.

Current and projected changes include increased temperatures, sea level rise, a reduced winter snowpack, altered precipitation patterns, and more frequent storm events. Over the long term, reducing greenhouse gases can help make these changes less severe, but the changes cannot be avoided entirely. Unavoidable climate impacts result in a variety of secondary consequences including detrimental impacts on human health and safety, economic continuity, ecosystem l ~ <;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Environmental Degradation
Forced migration, civil conflict, mental
health impacts, los.:s of jobs and income
Extreme Heat
Hei;lt; elated illness i;ind death,
cardiovascular failure
Severe Weather
Injuries, fatalities, loss of homes,
mental health impacts
Water & Food Supply Impacts
Malnutrition, dianheal disegse
Degraded Living Conditions
& Social Inequities
Exacerbation of existing social and health
inequitill:!s and vulnerabilities
Changes In Vector Ecology
Malaria, dengue, encephalitis,
hantavirus, Rrft: Valley fever, Lyme
diseasl:!, c:hikungunya, West Nile virus
Air Pollution &
Increasing Allergens
Asthma, cardiovascular disease,
respiratory allergies
W.W QualQ:y Impacts

0.oi,ta, ~pclidiotit, ~lob_,
lepbplroils, h,;,njllill a'9of bloD1J1s
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
116
integrity and provision of basic services. Climate change is being profiled in the 2023 Marin County Hazard Mitigation Plan as a standalone hazard while addressing each of the other natural hazards. Marin County is considering climate change issues when identifying future mitigation actions.

California is experiencing a climate crisis that is increasingly taking a toll on the health and wellbeing of its people and on its unique and diverse ecosystems. Every Californian has suffered from the effects of record high temperatures, dry winters, prolonged drought, and proliferating wildfires in recent years. California’s biodiversity is threatened as alterations to habitat conditions brought about by a changing climate are occurring at a pace that could overwhelm the ability of plant and animal species to adapt.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) found the following indicators of climate change in California in a 2022 report3 :
• Since 1895, annual average air temperatures in California have increased by about 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Warming occurred at a faster rate beginning in the 1980s. • Recent years have been especially warm: Eight of the ten warmest years on record occurred between 2012 and 2022; 2014 was the warmest year on record. • Of all the Western states, California endured the hottest temperatures for the longest time, driving the average statewide temperature to the second warmest over the past 128 years.
• Extreme heat ranks among the deadliest of all climate-driven hazards in California, with physical, social, political, and economic factors effecting the capacity of individuals, workers, and communities to adapt, and with the most severe impacts often on communities who experience the greatest social and health inequities. • Glaciers have essentially disappeared from the Trinity Alps in Northern California • In 2020, wildfire smoke plumes were present in each county for at least 46 days. • The 2022 fire season saw more fires than the previous fire season along with continued extreme drought and heat conditions.
• The drought, begun in 2019, was the third statewide drought declared in California since 2000.
• This drought has been marked by extreme swings; the state received record-breaking amounts of precipitation in October and December 2021 that were offset by the driest January, February, and March 2022 dating back more than 100 years. The year 2023 opened with California simultaneously managing both drought and flood emergencies. • A series of storms in late December 2022 and early January 2023 broke rural levees, disrupted power, flooded roads, downed trees, and eroded coastal land. • Sea level rise accelerates coastal erosion, worsens coastal flooding during large storms and peak tidal events, and impacts important infrastructure positioned along our state’s 1,100-mile coast.
• The western drought which impacted all of California and the western United States was nearly lifted due to unseasonably heavy rains in late 2022 and early 2023. 3 2022 Report: Indicators of Climate Change in California. https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
117
The graph below shows the relative change, in millimeters, in sea levels at Crescent City (1933-2020), San Francisco (1900-2020), and La Jolla (1925-2020) as a result of climate change:

Figure 3.6: Annual Mean Sea Level Trends
Source: 2022 Report: Indicators of Climate Change in California | OEHHA The impact of climate change in California varies across the state due to diversity in biophysical setting, climate, and jurisdictional characteristics. The California Adaptation Planning Guide organized the state into climate impact regions based on county boundaries in combination with projected climate impacts, existing environmental settings, socioeconomic factors, and regional designations and organizations (see Figure 3.7).
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
- Crescent City - La Jolla - San Francisco
100
50 -50
- 100
- 150
-200
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970
Chart: OEHHA Climate Change Indicators of California 2022 • Source: NOAA · Get the data · Download image • Created with Datawrapper 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
118
Figure 3.7: California Climate Impact Regions
Source: California Adaptiation Planning Guide

CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MARIN COUNTY OPERATIONAL AREA
Climate change is already having significant impacts across California and the Marin County OA. Temperatures are warming, heat waves are more frequent, seas are rising and precipitation has become increasingly variable. Climate change will continue to alter Marin County OA ecosystems as a result of rising temperatures, changes in precipitation, and sea level rise, which will increase the severity and occurrence of natural hazards across the Marin County OA well into the future. Coastal cooling processes that keep temperatures down, such as fog, will continue to decrease. Rising temperatures will exacerbate drought conditions and raise the potential for significant wildfires and associated smoke as vegetation becomes drier and tree mortality increases. Forested woodlands that play a major role in carbon reduction will gradually transition into chaparral and shrublands. There will be more extreme storms and l ~ <;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
""'""
Sources: California Natural Resource Agency
0 25 50
I
Climate Impact Regions
1111
1111
C__j
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
CJ
100 Miles
I I
North
North Coast
Bay Area
Cent ra l Coast
Northern Central Valley
Southern Central Valley
North Sierra
Southeast Sierra
South Coast
Desert
Bay-Delta Region
c,u tad l>y:

C. ~ ht1 1d1
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
119
weather events, including expanded heat waves and increased rain events with changes in precipitation, placing increased strain on levees and dams across the Marin County OA.

Significant rain events will lead to an increase in flooding and the potential for severe landslides.

Shoreline communities will become inundated with sea level rise, storm surge, high tide events, and potential tsunamis. Marshlands and wetlands that act as natural storm barriers will disappear as they transition into open water.

Notable impacts from climate change that are already evident in the Marin County OA and surrounding region as identified in a 2020 Marin County Civil Grand Jury Report include:
• From 1895-2018, the average temperature in Marin County increased by 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Over the past century, sea level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area rose by eight inches and has accelerated rapidly since 2011.
• The threat of wildfires in 2019 was so severe that Pacific Gas and Electric shut off electric power to the County for multiple days.

Climate change will continue to affect homes, businesses, infrastructure, utilities, transportation systems and agriculture across the Marin County OA. The risk to socially vulnerable populations will increase as they feel the immediate impacts of climate change more significantly and are less able to adapt to climate changes and recover from its impacts.

The Marin County OA has adopted numerous planning initiatives and mitigation measures to help combat the effects of climate change across the OA. The Marin Climate Energy Partnership (MCEP), which is a partnership program including numerous Marin County jurisdictions, the County of Marin, and regional agencies, adopted a model Climate Action Plan (CAP) that is intended to support countywide strategic efforts and is currently being used to update or establish climate action plans for additional jurisdictions within Marin County. The adopted Climate Action Plan serves as the adopted plan for the unincorporated County, which was completed in 2020. The MCEP also collects data and reports on progress in meeting each County jurisdictions’ individual greenhouse gas emission targets. In October 2022, the County published the Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Unincorporated Community Emissions for the Year 2020. Marin County OA jurisdictions have already met their greenhouse reduction goals for 2020 and are about halfway to meeting the statewide goal to reduce emissions 40% below 1990 levels by the year 2030. Marin County also formed a Sea Level Marin Adaptation Response Team in 2018 and had a Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and associated Adaptation Report completed for the County and each of its jurisdictions in 2017 as part of their Bay Waterfront Adaptation and Vulnerability Evaluation. Additional Marin County OA climate change mitigation programs and initiatives include Marin Clean Energy, Electrify Marin, the Marin Solar Project, the Marin Energy Watch Partnership, Resilient Neighborhoods, and Drawdown: Marin.

3.2.2 PARTICIPATING JURISDICTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Each Marin County OA MJHMP participating jurisdiction and organization reviewed and approved the Top Hazards identified by the Planning Team. Each participating jurisdiction and organization then completed a more complex assessment tool to further develop their hazard assessment and prioritization. The completed Hazard Risk Assessment Tables are located in the Section 2.0: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment of the Jurisdictional or Special District Annex Profile.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
120
The planning process used the available FEMA tools to evaluate all the possible threats faced.

The primary tool selected was the Hazard Risk Assessment and Prioritization Tool. This matrix allowed the participating jurisdiction or organization to assess their own level of vulnerability and mitigation capability. Each participating Jurisdiction and organization assessed the top hazards for:
• Probability/Likelihood of future events or frequency
• Geographic Extent
• Impact to property, resources, and humans
• Magnitude/Severity
• Significance
• Climate Change Influence
• Mitigation capacity
Through the threat analysis process, the most probable, frequent and devastating threats to Marin County were identified. Other threats not identified in this plan, that could potentially affect Marin County, are identified and addressed in other plans such as the County Emergency Operations Plan, functional annexes, operational response plans, and various policies and procedures.

3.3 HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT

3.3.1 DAM FAILURE
Dams are manmade structures built for a variety of uses including flood protection, power generation, agriculture, water supply, and recreation. When dams are constructed for flood protection, they are usually engineered to withstand a flood with a computed risk of occurrence.

For example, a dam may be designed to contain a flood at a location on a stream that has a certain probability of occurring in any one year. If prolonged periods of rainfall and flooding occur that exceed the design requirements, that structure may be overtopped and fail.

Overtopping is the primary cause of earthen dam failure in the United States.

Dam failure is the uncontrolled release of impounded water from behind a dam. Flooding, earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance, improper operation, poor construction, vandalism, and terrorism can all cause a dam to fail. Dam failure causes downstream flooding that can affect life and property. Dam failures can result from any one or a combination of the following causes:
• Earthquake
• Inadequate spillway capacity resulting in excess overtopping flows • Internal erosion caused by embankment or foundation leakage, or piping or rodent activity
• Improper design
• Improper maintenance
• Negligent operation
• Failure of upstream dams on the same waterway
Water released by a failed dam generates tremendous energy and can cause a flood that is catastrophic to life and property. A catastrophic dam failure could challenge local response l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
121
capabilities and require evacuations to save lives. Impacts to life safety will depend on the warning time and the resources available to notify and evacuate the public. Major loss of life could result as well as potentially catastrophic effects to roads, bridges, healthcare facilities, schools, homes, and hazardous materials storage facilities. Electric generating facilities and transmission lines could also be damaged and affect life support systems in communities outside the immediate hazard area. Associated water supply, water quality and health concerns could also be an issue. Factors that influence the potential severity of a full or partial dam failure are the amount of water impounded; the density, type, and value of development and infrastructure located downstream; and the speed of failure.

In general, there are three types of dams: concrete arch or hydraulic fill, earth and rockfill, and concrete gravity. Each type of dam has different failure characteristics. A concrete arch or hydraulic fill dam can fail almost instantaneously, where the flood wave builds up rapidly to a peak then gradually declines. An earth-rockfill dam fails gradually due to erosion of the breach, where a flood wave will build gradually to a peak and then decline until the reservoir is empty. A concrete gravity dam can fail instantaneously or gradually with a corresponding buildup and decline of the flood wave.

The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD) has jurisdiction over impoundments that meet certain capacity and height criteria. Embankments that are less than six feet high and impoundments that can store less than 15 acre-feet are nonjurisdictional. Additionally, dams that are less than 25 feet high can impound up to 50 acre-feet without being jurisdictional. The Cal DWR DSOD assigns hazard ratings to large dams within the State. The following two factors are considered when assigning hazard ratings: existing land use and land use controls (zoning) downstream of the dam. Dams are classified in three categories that identify the potential hazard to life and property:
• High hazard indicates that a failure would most probably result in the loss of life. • Significant hazard indicates that a failure could result in appreciable property damage.
• Low hazard indicates that failure would result in only minimal property damage and loss of life is unlikely.

Since 1929, the state has supervised all non-federal dams in California to prevent failure for the purpose of safeguarding life and protecting property. Supervision is carried out through the state’s Dam Safety Program under the jurisdiction of DWR. The legislation requiring state supervision was passed in response to the St. Francis Dam failure and concerns about the potential risks to the general populace from a number of water storage dams. The law requires:

Examination and approval or repair of dams completed prior to August 14, 1929, the effective date of the statute.

Approval of plans and specifications for and supervision of construction of new dams and the enlargement, alteration, repair, or removal of existing dams.

Supervision of maintenance and operation of all dams under the state’s jurisdiction.

The 1963 failure of the Baldwin Hills Dam in Southern California led the Legislature to amend the California Water Code to include within state jurisdiction both new and existing off-stream storage facilities.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
122
Dams and reservoirs subject to state supervision are defined in California Water Code §6002 through §6004, with exemptions defined in §6004 and §6025. In administering the Dam Safety Program, DWR must comply with the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). As such, all formal dam approval and revocation actions must be preceded by appropriate environmental documentation.

In 1972, Congress moved to reduce the hazards from the 28,000 non-federal dams in the country by passing Public Law 92-367, the National Dam Inspection Act. With the passage of this law, Congress authorized the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to inventory dams located in the United States. The action was spurred by two disastrous earthen dam failures during the year, in West Virginia and South Dakota, that caused a total of 300 deaths.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (P.L 99-662) authorized USACE to maintain and periodically publish an updated National Inventory of Dams (NID). The Water Resources Development Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-303), Section 215, re-authorized periodic updates of the NID by USACE.

Location and Previous Occurrences
Reservoirs for water supply and the dams that impound them are integral parts of the municipal infrastructure in Marin County. Unlike most other counties in California, Marin does not import or export water through the Central Valley State and Federal water projects. The Marin Municipal Water District (MMWD) and the North Marin Municipal Water District (NMWD) operate and maintain eight major dams for municipal water supplies within their jurisdictions (see Table 3.7) MMWD dams include Alpine Dam, Bon Tempe Dam, Lagunitas Dam, Phoenix Dam, Peters Dam (Kent Lake), Nicasio Dam, and Soulajule Dam. NMWD maintains and operates one dam at Stafford Lake on Novato Creek for its smaller service area. None of these reservoirs generate hydroelectricity nor are they actively managed for downstream flood control.

The California Water Code entrusts dam safety regulatory power to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD). Dams greater than 6-feet in height and impounding 50 acre feet or more of water, and dams greater than 25-feet in height and impounding more than 15 acre-feet of water are subject to DSOD jurisdiction. According to the California water code, owners of regulated dams are responsible for emergency preparedness with regard to potential loss of life or property. All regulated dams are inspected by DSOD annually. MMWD inspection reports are available on their website. As of 2017 DSOD classifies the public safety risk of all jurisdictional dams.

Dam locations of high, significant, and low hazard dams that may affect the Marin County OA are shown in Figure 3.10.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
123
Table 3.7 shows dams in Marin County that could impact the OA.

Table 3.7: Hazard Ranked Dams in Marin County with Potential to Impact to the OA Dam Name/
Dam Number
Hazard
Class Latitude Longitude Nearest City/ Distance
Population
At Risk
Capacity
(acrefeet)
Dam
Height Dam Owner
Alpine
33-0 High 37.94 -122.64 Stinson Beach,
CA 2.76 miles 10 - 100 8,892 143 Marin Municipal Water District Big Rock
Ranch 437-0 High 38.05 -122.63 > 1,000 91 45 Lucasfilm, LTD Bon Tempe
33-6 High 37.96 -122.61 Fairfax, CA

2.49 miles
100 –
1,000 4,300 98 Marin Municipal Water District
Lagunitas
33-2 Significant 37.95 -122.60 Kentfield, CA 2.14 miles 100 –
1,000 341 48 Marin Municipal Water District
Novato Creek/
Stafford Lake
88-0
Extremely
High 38.12 -122.64 Novato, CA 3.76 miles 10 - 100 140 76 North Marin County Water District Peters
33-7 High 38.00 -122.70 Lagunitas, CA

1.00 miles 0 32,900 320 Marin Municipal Water District
Phoenix Lake
33-3 High 37.96 -122.58 Kentfield, CA

1.01 miles 10 - 100 612 90 Marin Municipal Water District Seeger
33-8 High 38.08 -122.76 1 - 10 22,400 115 Marin Municipal Water District
Soulajule
33-9 High 38.15 -122.78 Inverness, CA 5.26 miles 1 - 10 10,700 122 Marin Municipal Water District
Vonsen
430-0 High 38.18 -122.68 Sheep Ranch 6
miles 10 - 100 70 35 Private Property
Table 3.7: Hazard Ranked Dams in Marin County with Potential to Impact to the OA Source: California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams I ~'?U ..N. TY OF
~ ARIN
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
124
Figure 3.8: Dams in and around the Marin County OA
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Figure 3.9 illustrates the Dam Failure risk to Marin County. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
125
Figure 3.9: Marin County Dam Inundation Susceptibility to Critical Facilities Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
,/
a
~
•
. o,nl Reyes
NaUonal
Seashore
Marin County
Dam Inundation
•
•
•

OIIICIOF

EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT
San Pablo Bay
WIidiife Area
Legend
e Dams
Military and Civil
Defense Installations
Communication
Facilities
Electric Power Facilities
Wastewater Facilities
e Water Supply Faci lities
Airports
Emergency Operations
Centers
Fire Stations
Hospitals and Medical
Facilities
Police/ Sheriff Stations
Schools
Hazards Group
D Dam Inundation
0 2.5 ~5 - 10
Miles
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected]
Date Printed: 11/20/23
County of Marin, canfornia State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, Geo Technologies, Inc, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, County of Marin, California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
126
California has had about 45 failures of non-federal dams. The failures occurred for a variety of reasons, the most common being overtopping. Other reasons include specific shortcomings in the dams themselves or an inadequate assessment of surrounding geomorphologic characteristics.

California’s first notable dam failure was in 1883 in Sierra County, while the most recent failure occurred in 1965. The most catastrophic event was the failure of William Mulholland’s infamous St. Francis Dam, which failed in 1928 and killed an estimated 450 people, only slightly fewer than the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The actual number of dead from the St. Francis Dam failure was likely substantially higher. San Francisquito Canyon, which was flooded in the event, was home to hundreds of transients and illegal immigrants who were never accounted for in the death totals.

In February 2017 California witnessed the failure of the spillway and emergency spillway at Lake Oroville leading to the evacuation of 188,000 people from the downstream inundation area. Situations like this, overtopping and erosion of a dam’s face as a result of flows exceeding the capacity of spillway is another mechanism of dam failure, however reservoir inflows in the Marin County OA do not have to accommodate the volatility of melting snowpack that occurs in the Sierra Nevada foothills.

There is no record of a failure of any regulated dam located in the Marin County OA.

Impacts
Areas of Marin County could be significantly impacted by a failure of any one of its high hazard dams. Inundation maps are based on a hypothetical failure of a dam or critical appurtenant structure and the information depicted on the maps is approximate.

Phoenix Lake Dam
Failure of the Phoenix Lake Dam with Phoenix Lake at full capacity could flood about five miles along Ross Creek down to the Town of Ross, part of San Anselmo where Ross Creek meets Corte Madera Creek, along Corte Madera Creek to unincorporated Kentfield, through the edge of Larkspur and Corte Madera and out into San Pablo Bay. Inundation maps and a discussion of vulnerability for San Anselmo, Ross, Larkspur and Corte Madera can be found in their respective Annexes.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
127
Figure 3.10: Phoenix Lake Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 In the unlikely event of a dam failure associated with Phoenix Lake Dam, floodwaters could reach the commercial center of Kentwood in approximately half an hour, inundating it up to five feet in some areas. Sections of critical infrastructure, including Sir Francis Drake Boulevard and several medical facilities could flood as a result of this dam failure. Dozens of homes and apartment complexes, numerous commercial buildings and community facilities, the Kent Middle School, part of the College of Marin-Kentfield Campus including the College of Marin Police Department station, and the Marin County Sherriff’s Office Kentfield Substation could all experience flooding.

Phoenix Lake Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
128
Figure 3.11: Phoenix Lake Dam Inundation Area – Kentfield North Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
----
__ ., __ ·---•·--- ____ ,.. ____ tft<-.i
------
a
~
Cir)' ..,_..,
0F1oodlnCllo-.Y
AoadO.plf> (ftl
□,
□,
•
D•
□•
o,.w
Ou.~
Du·~ CJ21. . 2&
DATE: 10/ 25/ 20111
RGUR£A•l : MUIMUM INUNDATION DEPTH
n..,,,,,..o.,..s...,.,,1 ...... <W1.,,,~
P•~lo{S
.., _______ ,. ___ ,.,_
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
129
Figure 3.12: Phoenix Lake Dam Inundation Area – Kentfield South Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
----
__ ., __ ·--··--- __ ,_,.... ____ ..,....,
-------
a
~
oo,­
~---r AoodDepltl (l'll
□,
□,
□•
D•
D• W
Ou. 15
Du·~ c:J21 . M
DATE:10/ 25/ 2018
FIGUREA-1: MAXIMUM INUNDATION DEPTM
""""1tu a,., 8~/nt11tUlo?NM.¥
l\lgt3of5
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
130
Novato Creek/Stafford Lake Dam
Failure of the Novato Creek Dam with Stafford Lake at full capacity would affect an area that extends approximately five miles down Novato Creek through parts of the unincorporated County and the City of Novato to San Pablo Bay at Bel Marin Keys. Inundation maps and a discussion of vulnerability for Novato can be found in Annex I.

Figure 3.13: Novato Creek/ Stafford Lake Dam Inundation Area Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Parts of Ohair Park adjacent to the dam and along Novato Creek could be immediately inundated with up to ten feet of water. After passing through Novato, floodwaters could reach the Novato RV Park in approximately two hours and some businesses and the Novato Fire Protection District Station 62 along Atherton Avenue in the Green Point area in approximately ten to fifteen hours, inundating them in over ten feet of water. Floodwaters could reach Bel Marin Keys in ten to fifteen hours. While most homes in Bel Marin Keys should be protected from floodwaters, some homes could be flooded up to several feet. Parts of Bel Marin Keys Boulevard could become flooded in several feet of water, possibly turning Bel Marin Keys into an island temporarily. A PG&E substation at Hamilton Wetlands along with the Bel Marin Gardens Hospital could be inundated with several feet of water.

Novato Creek/ Stafford Lake Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
131
Figure 3.14: Novato Creek Dam Inundation Area – Green Point and Bel Marin Keys Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
132
Bon Tempe Dam
Failure of the Bon Tempe Dam with Kent Lake at full capacity could result in flooding in unincorporated areas of West Marin County, stretching about 10 miles from the reservoir down to Point Reyes Station at Highway 1 and into Tomales Bay.

Figure 3.15: Bon Tempe Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 On its path, floodwaters could extend up San Geromino Creek in approximately one hour, flooding dozens of homes and buildings along the creek in Lagunitas and Forest Knolls in a depth up to fifty feet in some areas. Floodwaters from the creek could extend into the western edges of San Geronimo in approximately one and half hours, impacting several shelters, the San Geronimo Valley Community the San Geronimo Valley School, and the Lagunitas School with a depth of several feet.

Bon Tempe Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
133
Figure 3.16: Bon Tempe Dam Inundation Area – Lagunitas-Forest Knolls-San Geronimo Area Source: California Department of Water Resources
Further down Lagunitas Creek, water could flood parts of Samuel P. Taylor State Park including camping areas. Water could flood around five miles of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard along Lagunitas Creek and several dozen buildings along the road including the PG&E substation at Tocaloma. Floodwaters could extend down Platform Bridge Road towards Point Reyes Petaluma Road at a depth up to fifty feet in some areas. Eventually the inundation area could reach Point Reyes Station, with floodwaters extending into the southern end of the community around Highway 1 in the commercial core at a depth of several feet including the Marin County Point Reyes Fire Station, The Marin County Sherrif’s Office Point Reyes Substation and the West Marin Elementary School. Floodwaters could reach up to thirty feet in some areas surrounding Point Reyes Station. Floodwaters could eventually reach Tomales Bay in approximately six hours, impacting the Tomales Bay estuary with an influx of fresh water. The unincorporated community of Inverness could experience a surge from Tomales Bay, with flooding up to several feet in residences, marinas, hotels, and other facilities along Sir Francis Drake Boulevard including the main commercial area. Inundation from Tomales Bay could also impact some homes and businesses on the east side of the Bay, including up Walker Creek and around Nick’s Cove, Marshall, and Marconi in up to ten feet of water. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
A•1:MAXIMUM FLOOD DEPTH
&,tT,.,,.,...o ... s......i.1,u,,.Nt;.,,,At,,p
Piig,6af2<J
--______ ,. ___ ,.,_
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
134
Figure 3.17: Bon Tempe Dam Inundation Area – Point Reyes Station Area South Source: California Department of Water Resources
Figure 3.18: Bon Tempe Dam Inundation Area – Point Reyes Station Area North and Inverness Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
-D-- ._ __ .,.Oil
=======
=--...:::-..:::.-----
:::=:-.:.:::::,=:
a
~
- M.;.,rH.....,.. lib.-ADadOc,rtt, (11\ W - ll• :16
- 111.,....,.. 1 c:J1.1. -U CJM, 40
...,_..11_ 2 0U1 - 211 CJ.u -u

1.« .. T,.fflc Os - 20 - 2& • "6 · &0
D• - 2'8 -to-:.50
□•
_ ...,"ieli_,.. - · --~pt11(1t1 Ds-10 - tt-u
- ltlp-,s □, c:Jll• l&c:]ll- 40
Ma/O<R- 2 011- 211 D u -•~ i.«.nafflc Di 20 - 2a - ote - ao □, . .... ,o.:.eo
□•
A-1: MA.llMUMFl00DDO'Jlt
&>n1t.,,..o. ... enw111 .. 11~.:1iit""'At,,
Pil8"'Jl•1fl()
A-1: M.UIMUM FlOOD DEPTH
&i.Tr"'f""O.mBnwll /1<11...,_Mq
,,.., ,oif10
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
135
Peters Dam
Failure of the Peters Dam with Kent Lake at full capacity could result in flooding in unincorporated areas of West Marin County with similar impacts as a failure of the Bon Tempe Dam but to a different extent.

Figure 3.19: Peters Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 While floodwaters could extend up San Geronimo Creek in approximately half an hour and flood dozens of homes in Lagunitas and Forest Knolls in a depth up to twenty feet in some areas, the floodwaters are not expected to reach San Geronimo.

Peters Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
136
Figure 3.20: Peters Dam Inundation Area – Lagunitas-Forest Knolls Area Source: California Department of Water Resources
1 ~<?U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
137
Water could flood parts of Samuel P. Taylor State Park including camping areas. Water could flood around five miles of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard along Lagunitas Creek and several dozen buildings along the road to a depth of several feet. Floodwaters could extend down Platform Bridge Road towards Point Reyes Petaluma Road. Eventually the inundation area could reach Point Reyes Station at approximately one hour after dam failure. Floodwaters could extend at a depth of several feet into the southern end of the community around Highway 1 and up to thirty feet in surrounding areas but would not reach as far as with a failure of the Bon Tempe Dam. Numerous homes and businesses in the commercial core of Point Reyes Station could still be flooded. Floodwaters could eventually reach Tomales Bay in approximately an hour and a half, impacting the Tomales Bay estuary with an influx of fresh water. The unincorporated community of Inverness could experience a surge from Tomales Bay, with flooding up to several feet in residences, marinas, hotels, and other facilities along Sir Francis Drake Boulevard including the main commercial area. Inundation from Tomales Bay could also impact some homes and businesses on the east side of the Bay, including up Walker Creek and around Nick’s Cove, Marshall, and Marconi in several feet of water.

Figure 3.21: Peters Dam Inundation Area – Point Reyes Station Area Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
A,eSt-.. Et> Clina,N,ce,,IC..•
111 ..... 6 ..... l'ollceS!rio,, Cily--lJ
g ,._ ~=.i~-- m--
- Maj,,,Hilf,.-p - .... ,_~(ft) 01- 10 - 11 · 3&
- Hilf,,,•,- 0 1 [:Ju. u 40
ru;.,.- 2 C)u-20Dn••~
0 3 1!1 20 · 2& - ..e - &0
□• - 2!• 30 - ~50
□•

1\.1: MAXIMUM FLOOD OEPTH Pritn0-B.-1./11w111»1.,,.M.p
P•gt1if 16
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
138
Alpine Dam
Failure of the Alpine Dam with Alpine Lake at full capacity could result in flooding in unincorporated areas of West Marin County along a similar path as a failure of the Bon Tempe and Peters Dam but to a lesser extent.

Figure 3.22: Alpine Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Water would not extend as far out along Lagunitas Creek and would not extend up San Geronimo Creek into Lagunitas and Forest Knolls. While a failure of the dam could still flood around five miles of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard and several dozen buildings along that road including the PG&E substation at Tocaloma, the inundation area skirts the edge of Point Reyes Station where there is less of a risk for flooding of homes and facilities than with a failure of the Bon Tempe Dam or the Peters Dam. Floodwaters could reach the Point Reyes Station area around Highway 1 in approximately four hours with a depth up to ten feet in some areas.

Floodwaters could eventually reach Tomales Bay in approximately six hours, impacting the Alpine Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
139
Tomales Bay estuary with an influx of fresh water. Floodwaters are not expected to reach the community of Inverness or have any major flooding to residents and businesses along the east side of Tomales Bay.

Figure 3.23: Alpine Dam Inundation Area – Point Reyes Station Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
~~~~~;
qi ::i ~ rJ !El ;;t
D
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
140
Lagunitas Dam
Failure of the Lagunitas Dam with Lake Lagunitas at full capacity could result in flooding in unincorporated areas of West Marin County along a similar path as a failure of the Bon Tempe, Peters, and Alpine Dams but to a much lesser extent. Water would stay mostly confined to Lagunitas Creek before it reached Tomales Bay in approximately 32 hours and no major flooding impacts would be expected.

Figure 3.24: Lagunitas Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Lagunitas Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
141
Seeger Dam
Failure of the Seeger Dam with Nicasio Reservoir at full capacity could send water several miles down Novato Creek to Lagunitas Creek and could result in flooding in unincorporated areas of West Marin County.

Figure 3.25: Seeger Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Floodwaters could extend down Lagunitas Creek and Point Reyes Petaluma Road, eventually reaching the commercial core of Point Reyes Station at approximately one hour after dam failure. Floodwaters could extend to a depth of several feet into the southeastern end of the community inundating numerous homes and businesses and could extend to a depth up to thirty feet in surrounding area. Floodwaters could travel down Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, inundating it in several feet of water, before eventually reaching Tomales Bay in approximately 45 minutes. The Tomales Bay estuary would be inundated with an influx of fresh water. The unincorporated community of Inverness could experience flooding of a few feet in residences, marinas, hotels, and other facilities along Sir Francis Drake Boulevard including in the main commercial area.

Seeger Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
142
Figure 3.26: Seeger Dam Inundation Area – Point Reyes Station East Source: California Department of Water Resources
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;i :=: :: ~ A
10011 0 ~ ~ ~ ~
: ~ ~ H
DOD I
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
143
Figure 3.27: Seeger Dam Inundation Area – Point Reyes Station West Source: California Department of Water Resources
1 ~<;>U·N· TY OF a
~ ARIN ~
: : : ~ ~ 10011 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ID ::I ~ R ~
ODO I
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
144
Floodwaters could also extend up Lagunitas Creek and Platform Bridge Road to Sir Francis Drake Boulevard at approximately half an hour and extend as far south as the edge of Samuel P. Taylor State Park before becoming contained in the creek. Both roadways could flood in several places with up to fifty feet of water. Several dozen buildings along both roads including the PG&E substation at Tocaloma could be inundated with several feet of water.

Big Rock Ranch Dam
Failure of the Big Rock Ranch Dam with Big Rock Ranch Lake at full capacity could send water several miles down Nicasio Creek.

Figure 3.28: Big Rock Ranch Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Water could flood sections of Lucas Valley Road in up to five feet of water in some places and could flood several homes in several feet of water. Floodwaters could eventually reach Nicasio Valley Road in approximately eighty minutes and then be contained in the creek without impacting the community of Nicasio.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
145
Figure 3.29: Big Rock Ranch Dam Inundation Area East
Source: California Department of Water Resources
Dam Name: Big Rock Ranch
DSOD No.: 437.000
NID No.: CA01457
Dam Owner: Skywalker Properties Ltd. LLC
County: Marin
Failure Scenario: Sunny Day Breach
Projection: NAD 83 California Teale Albers (US Feet)
Horizontal Datum: NAD83, GRS 1980 Spheroid
Vertical Datum: NAVD88
Floodihg Illa! ii oonflned within a et·u,111W1&I btJI not•~ wllh., the lnuMatlon bt11.11.iary Mil')' uintinue beytind the ln~l!IUi:s, bOul'ldllry.

Q
500 1,000 2.00° I~ - Feet ;,:: """">
1:12,000
I Dewberry·
Modi!! Dale: 1111!i1"2019 M.!!p Da~. 11/1Bl2019
"""""' Coon/)' J'
;Sojiin.,
'CWniy
;-·
Co,lfr.Bfa.O!tli
General Flow Direction
Legend
[=1 1-foot Depth Inundation Extent
-10- : i~:t::;v•I Time to 1-foot
0 Reference Location
Structure
Maximum Wat.er Depth
Value (foot)
High : 19.4
• Low : 0.0
Big Rock Ranch Dam
Breach Analysis
Exhibit 2-1
Sunny Day Breach Scenario
Flood Depth and Arrival Time
Marin County, CA
h
·)>
;;,c--<
- -<
z ~
Cf)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
146
Figure 3.30: Big Rock Ranch Dam Inundation Area West
Source: California Department of Water Resources
Dam Name: Big Rock Ranch
DSOD No.: 437.000
NID No.: CA01457
Dam Owner: Skywalker Properties Ltd. LLC
County: Marin
Failure Scenario: Sunny Day Breach Projection: NAD 83 California Teale Albers (US Feet) Horizontal Datum: NAD83, GRS 1980 Spheroid
Vertical Datum: NAVD88
Floodrlg that i!I; canfil'H!!d within a du11'1'!el blA nots~ ~In lh1!' ll'All'ldallon bounda,y may conUrnJe bey'OOd the lntmallM boondaty. 0 500 1,000
1:12,000
2,000
Feet
I Dewberry·
Model oaie: Mapoate. 1111&'2019
s@MO
'Qi;;r)1y:

General Flow Direction
Legend
[=1 14 foot Depth Inundation Extant
-10- ~:;~ :,~:~::val Time to 1•fOOl
0 Reference Location
Structure
Maximum Water Depth
Value (featl
High: 19.4
• Low : 0.0
Big Rock Ranch Dam
Breach Analysis
Exhibit 2-2
Sunny
Day Breach Scenario
Flood Depth and Arrival Time
Marin County, CA
h
·)>
;;,c--< --<
z~
Cf)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
147
Soulajule Dam
Failure of the Big Rock Ranch Dam with Soulajule Reservoir at full capacity could send water several miles down Walker Creek in a mostly rural area of western Marin County.

Figure 3.31: Soulajule Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Marshall Petaluma Road could become inundated with up to forty feet of water where it runs along Walker Creek and part of Salmon Creek, with several buildings along the road to the east and west of the intersection of Arroya Sausal Road becoming inundated with several feet of water. Parts of the Marin County Office of Education at Walker Creek Ranch and the Walker Creek Ranch itself could be inundated with up to twenty feet of water in approximately half an hour after dam failure.

Soulajule Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
148
Figure 3.32: Soulajule Dam Inundation Area around Soulajule Dam Source: California Department of Water Resources
Floodwaters along Walker Creek could eventually reach Highway 1 south of Tomales in approximately three hours, inundating the roadway with several feet of water before emptying into Tomales Bay in approximately three and half hours. There are a few residences and other buildings along Walker Creek and Highway 1 that could be impacted by floodwaters several feet deep.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
---n------ __ ., __ , __ ... __ _
a
~
A-1:MAXIMUM FlOODDEPTM
s.i..u,oJ,,D-8MadtJ1rw .. <Mta>nA~
P,~JefS
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
149
Figure 3.33: Soulajule Dam Inundation Area – Walker Creek at Highway 1 Source: California Department of Water Resources
Figure 3.34: Soulajule Dam Inundation Area – Walker Creek at Highway 1 and Tomales Bay Source: California Department of Water Resources
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
__ .. ___ ·------
a
~
- llbie>•Hietl-,,. ............,,_O,ptt,(fl) c:)1. 10 - ll·35 - t¥..a-ys D 1 [:]11 . 111 c::J,s.,o
,..,-. 2 Q a . 20 c::J u . u
03 :K> • 2!1 - 4a • li0 §: :16 30- ► 50
- Ma)c>tHigl,d)'I lb ..... mrll>OdDePltl(fll c:Jg.10 -ll• H _ .....,.. c:J i c:Ju.:l!i c:):M-•O
...,._ 2 0 26 · 20c:J 41 • 411
0 3 20 . 25 - 46 . 50 B: :l& J0- 50
A•l : MAllMUM ROOD DEPrH
Sor,1'1/llh o- Bn'lldt "'""""/.,,. Map P.grl<fS
A-1: MAXIMUM FLOOD DEPTH
Sm.Iii/ult 0... BM!dt /11w11dtrbn }.up
P.gr511fS
_______ ,. ____ ,. __
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
150
Vonsen Dam
Failure of the Vonsen Dam could inundate several homes around the dam and along San Antonio Creek for several hundred feet with up to a foot of water before floodwaters are contained within the creek.

Figure 3.35: Vonsen Dam Inundation Area
Source: Cal OES, Department of Water Resources, DSOD, 11/27/23 Vonsen Dam
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
151
Figure 3.36: Vosen Dam Inundation Area
Source: California Department of Water Resources
Extent and Probability
According to the 1988 Town of Ross General Plan Safety Element, “in 1974, a seismic stability analysis of Phoenix Lake Dam was conducted for the Marin Municipal Water District. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of seismically induced flooding associated with failure of Phoenix Lake Dam. The earth dam was constructed just prior to the 1906 earthquake, which created a landslide on the inside portion of the dam embankment. The slope stability analysis conducted in 1974 concluded that the dam spillway could settle from 4 – 6 feet during an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 8.5 generated along the San Andreas fault. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had a Richter magnitude of 8.3…In response to this assessment, the Marin Municipal Water District has widened the spillway by 5 to 6 feet and has lowered the spillway by 6 feet. Accordingly, these improvements to the dam have reduced the flood risk to one flood in 30,000 years.”
According to MMWD, “the dam has been modified several times in the last 100 years including increased height of fill, outlet works changes, an embankment buttress fill in the 1960s and a new spillway, designed for a spillway design flood with a recurrence interval of once in 10,000 years or so, and an increase in freeboard in the mid-1980s.” The Town of Ross’s 2017 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan states “the dam is inspected yearly by the California Division of Safety of Dams and has been rated by that agency as acceptable for continued operation. Their rating for the facility is 3C, there is a potential for damage should the dam fail but that the dam is in good condition for its age. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~

SUNNY DAY BREACH INUNDATION MAP - VONSEN DAM
CA State Dam No. 430
NID No. CA 00592
Simulation Date March 28, 2021
Map Preparation Date July 28, 2021
Failure Scenerio - Sunny Day Failure

XIMATEAND
OR
PONSE.
0 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
152
“MMWD has a comprehensive Dam Safety Program to ensure all of the MMWD dams and spillways are safe and functioning properly. This program includes three main components:
monitoring, routine inspections and maintenance, and emergency preparedness and response planning. The district also works closely with state and federal regulators and local emergency response partners to ensure public safety. MMWD produced a February 13, 2017 inspection report documenting the current conditions.
“The Phoenix Lake Dam is over 100 years old. According to ABAG, when a dam in known to have a failure potential, the water level is reduced to allow for partial collapse without loss of water as required by the State Division of Safety of Dams and by safety protocols established by dam owners. Thus, the probability of failure resulting in damage from the inundation is low.” According to the City of Novato’s 2011 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, a seismic stability analysis prepared for the North Marin Water District by Woodward-Clyde Consultants in 1992 confirmed the Stafford Dam was designed to withstand a magnitude 8.25 Richter earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, with a design epicenter located 10 miles from the dam.

Table 3.8: Marin County OA Hazard Risk Assessment – Dam Failure Jurisdiction
Probability/
Likelihood
of Future
Events
Geographic
Extent
Magnitude/
Severity
Climate
Change
Influence
Significance Risk
Score
Marin County Unlikely Negligible Extreme Low Medium 9.00 City of
Belvedere Unlikely Negligible Extreme High High 12.00
Town of
Corte Madera Unlikely Negligible Weak None None 3.00
Town of
Fairfax None None None None None 0.00
City of
Larkspur Unlikely Limited Severe Low Low 8.00
City of
Mill Valley None None None None None 0.00
City of
Novato Unlikely Significant Severe Low Low 9.00
Town of
Ross Unlikely Limited Severe Low Medium 9.00
Town of
San Anselmo Unlikely Negligible Weak Low Low 5.00
City of
San Rafael None None None None None 0.00
City of
Sausalito None None None None None 0.00
Town of
Tiburon Unlikely Negligible Extreme None Medium 8.00
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
153
Bolinas
Public Utility
District
Unlikely Limited Extreme Medium Medium 11.00
Las Gallinas
Valley
Sanitary
District
None None None None None 0.00
North Marin
Water
District
Unlikely Extensive Extreme High High 15.00
Southern
Marin Fire
District
None None None None None 0.00
Table 3.8: Marin County OA Hazard Risk Assessment – Dam Failure Source: Profiled Jurisdictions and Districts
Vulnerability
Because of the catastrophic nature of the threat of dam inundation, dams tend to be built conservatively and the actual likelihood of either dam overflow or dam failure are extremely low.

The Phoenix Lake and Novato Creek Dams in particular are expected to withstand an earthquake at least magnitude 8.2 on the San Andreas Fault, which is a rare magnitude to encounter. Earthquakes of a magnitude 8.0 or greater are expected once every 494 years in California according to USGS.

The areas of unincorporated Marin County most vulnerable to the threat of a dam failure are those areas most like to be impacted by one. Several incorporated jurisdictions in the Marin County OA would be affected by a failure of either the Phoenix Lake or Novato Creek Dams, and their vulnerability assessments can be found in their respective Annexes.

The community of Point Reyes Station and the surrounding area lies in the inundation path of several dams including the Bon Tempe, Peters, Alpine, Lagunitas, and Seeger Dams. Major roadways, including Highway 1, Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Platform Bridge Road and Point Reyes Road are particularly vulnerable to a failure of any one of these dams which would limit access to the communities of Point Reyes Station and Inverness from the south. Residences, businesses, critical facilities, and other buildings around the Point Reyes and Inverness areas and along the eastern and western shores of Tomales Bay that are not built to withstand the depth and velocity of floodwaters from a dam failure would be most vulnerable, including older buildings and those that are not elevated. A failure of the PG&E substation at Tocaloma could cause power outages throughout the area. Older docking facilities along Tomales Bay are particularly vulnerable to a surge in Tomales Bay as a result of a dam failure.

The communities of Lagunitas and Forest Knolls and to a lesser extend the community of San Geronimo are also susceptible to a failure of the Bon Tempe and Peters Dams. With flooding of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, these communities would effectively be cut off from the west.

Residences, businesses, schools, and other buildings in these communities that are not elevated to withstand the depth of floodwaters are most susceptible.

The community of Kentwood is vulnerable to a failure of the Phoenix Lake Dam, particularly the areas closest to Corte Madera Creek. Residences, businesses, commercial facilities, and critical facilities around the College of Marin Kentfield Campus that are not elevated to withstand floodwaters are particularly susceptible.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
154
Areas of Green Point would be most susceptible to a failure of the Novato Creek Dam, as most of Bel Marin Keys should avoid major flooding. Buildings that are not elevated and those that are not as able to withstand the velocity of floodwaters from a dam failure, such as mobile home parks, would be most susceptible.

Climate Change and Future Development Considerations
Most dams in the United States are aging and are at significant risk from increased storm events as a result of climate change. The average dam age in the United States is 60 years, and more than 8,000 dams in the United States including the Phoenix Lake Dam are over 90 years old. More than 200 U.S. dams have failed in bad weather since 2000. As the climate warms, rain events are predicted to become more intense. An increase in rainfall and runoff as a result of climate change will increase the potential for higher water levels in reservoirs across the Marin County OA, placing increased stress on its dams and increasing the potential for a dam failure. As development increases in the populated areas of the Marin County OA downstream of its dams, particularly in the inundation area of the Phoenix Lake Dam, the potential for significant impacts to residents and infrastructure will only increase.

3.3.2 DEBRIS FLOW
For the purposes of the Marin County OA MJHMP, debris flows are classified as landslides (including rockslides) and mud flows.

A landside is the breaking away and gravity-driven downward movement of hill slope materials, which can travel at speeds ranging from fractions of an inch per year to tens of miles per hour depending on the slope steepness and water content of the rock/soil mass. Landslides range from the size of an automobile to a mile or more in length and width and, due to their sheer weight and speed, can cause serious damage and loss of life. The rate of a landslide is affected by the type and extent of vegetation, slope angle, degree of water saturation, strength of the rocks, and the mass and thickness of the deposit. Some of the natural causes of this instability are earthquakes, weak materials, stream and coastal erosion, and heavy rainfall. In addition, certain human activities tend to make the earth materials less stable and increase the chance of ground failure. These activities include extensive irrigation, poor drainage or groundwater withdrawal, removal of stabilizing vegetation and over-steepening of slopes by undercutting them or overloading them with artificial fill. These activities can cause slope failure, which normally produce landslides.

Landslide material types are often broadly categorized as either rock or soil, or a combination of the two for complex movements. Rock refers to hard or firm bedrock that was intact and in place prior to slope movement. Soil, either residual or transported material, means unconsolidated particles. The distinction between rock and soil is most often based on interpretation of geomorphic characteristics within landslide deposits but can also be inferred from geologic characteristics of the parent material described on maps or in the field. Landslide movements are also based on the geomorphic expression of the landslide deposit and source area, and are categorized as falls, topples, spreads, slides, or flows. Falls are masses of soil or rock that dislodge from steep slopes and free fall. Topples move by the forward pivoting of a mass around an axis below the displaced mass. Lateral spreads move by horizontal extension and shear or tensile fractures. Slides displace masses of material along one or more discrete planes and can either be rotational or transitional. Flows mobilize as a deforming, viscous mass without a discrete failure plane.

Natural conditions that contribute to landslide include the following:
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
155
• Degree of slope
• Water (heavy rain, river flows, or wave action)
• Unconsolidated soil or soft rock and sediments
• Lack of vegetation (no stabilizing root structure)
• Previous wildfires and other forest disturbances
• Earthquake
In addition, many human activities tend to make the earth materials less stable and, thus, increase the chance of ground movement. Human activities contribute to soil instability through grading of steep slopes or overloading them with artificial fill, by extensive irrigation, construction of impermeable surfaces, excessive groundwater withdrawal, and removal of stabilizing vegetation.

Another hazard related to landslide and erosion is the fall of a detached mass of rock from a cliff or down a very steep slope (rockfall). Weathering and decomposition of geological materials produce conditions favorable to rockfalls. Other causes include ice wedging, root growth, or ground shaking (earthquake). Destructive landslides and rockfalls usually occur very suddenly with little or no warning time and are short in duration.

Landslides can cause high mortality and injuries from rapidly flowing water and debris. The most common cause of death in a landslide is trauma or suffocation by entrapment. Broken power, water, gas or sewage pipes can also result in injury or illness in the population affected, such as water-borne diseases, electrocution or lacerations from falling debris. People affected by landslides can also have short- and long-term mental health effects due to loss of family, property, livestock or crops. Landslides can also greatly impact the health system and essential services, such as water, electricity or communication lines.

Landslide susceptibly can be characterized by looking at both slope class and rock strength.

Landslide susceptibility classes express the generalization that on very low slopes, landslide susceptibility is low even in weak rock, and that landslide susceptibility increases with slope and in weaker rocks. Very high landslide susceptibility includes very steep slopes in hard rocks and moderate to very steep slopes in weak rocks. Figure 3.39 shows landslide susceptibility classes. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
156
Figure 3.37: Landslide Susceptibility Classes
Source: USGS
A mud flow is a general term for a mass-movement landform and process characterized by a flowing mass of fine-grained earth material with a high degree of fluidity. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or high levels of groundwater flowing through cracked bedrock may trigger a movement of soil or sediments. Floods and debris flows may also occur when strong rains on hill or mountain slopes cause extensive erosion and/or what is known as "channel scour".

Some broad mud flows are rather viscous and therefore slow; others begin very quickly and continue like an avalanche. Mud flows are composed of at least 50% silt and clay-sized materials and up to 30% water.

The point where a muddy material begins to flow depends on its grain size and the water content. Fine grainy material or soil has a smaller friction angle than a coarse sediment or a debris flow, but falling rock pieces can trigger a material flow, too. When a mud flow occurs it is given four named areas, the 'main scarp', in bigger mud flows the 'upper and lower shelves', and the 'toe'. See Figure 3.40 for the typical areas of a mud flow, with shelves (right) and without (left). The main scarp will be the original area of incidence, the toe is the last affected area(s). The upper and lower shelves are located wherever there is a large dip (due to mountain or natural drop) in the mud flow's path. A mud flow can have many shelves. 1 ~ <;>U·N· TY OF a ~ ARIN ~

ROCK STRENGTH
II m II
OJ 0 0 0
en [I] en 0 V VII
-( m 0 V VII
,_J
u
~
p..
0 ,_J
en

LANDSLIDE

S USCEPTIBJLITY

CLASSES
( 0 Ill V VI VII VIII IX X )
inaeasing susceptibility
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
157
Figure 3.38: Mud Flow Areas
Source: Washington Department of Natural Resources
If large enough, mud flows can devastate villages and country-sides. Mud flows are common in mountain areas prone to wildfire, where they have destroyed many homes built on hillsides without sufficient support after fires destroy vegetation holding the land. The area most generally recognized as being at risk of a dangerous mud flow are:
• Areas where wildfires or human modification of the land have destroyed vegetation. • Areas where landslides have occurred before.
• Steep slopes and areas at the bottom of slopes or canyons. • Slopes that have been altered for construction of buildings and roads. • Channels along streams and rivers.
• Areas where surface runoff is directed.

Location and Previous Occurrences
Landslides are a part of natural geologic processes and have impacted both private and public property in various areas throughout Marin County since development began. Much of the Marin County OA was developed in the early 20th century prior to the implementation of grading requirements and road design standards. During this time, many of the roads in the Marin County OA were benched or cut into steep hillsides without sufficient compaction of the roadbed. Furthermore, the use of earth retaining structures was not common in roadway construction and/or retaining structures were built using wood materials that have since deteriorated. Figure 3.39 shows landslide susceptibility across the Marin County OA. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
158
Figure 3.39: Landslide Susceptibility in the Marin County OA Source: USGS
7/2412023, 1 :33:52 PM
Landslide
Susceptiblity
Classes
0 Ill
t-.
' ;, ,{> .'1.' v~ .e~'. ...J
V L....-
VIII
VJ - IX VII • x
,,,
'
San Psbl.o Bay
Wildlife Area
~ -, __ _
-
.....
)
t·lc
··a
CE
·-,.....___ ___ /
Va ll
0 @o 1 :489,055 3.5 7 '...,._....,......_,....,_,JL...,-_._.--..,_....,__'.;·14 mi 0 5 10 20 km DOOCGS_ Cm.nty al t.t1 rT1 C~ rtom1, S:;il\"? P.,i rk!. . Ero n; lf5R,E. G.:ill"'llln.

S.:..f~r.:iµh, ;:,v;J, M CTLi l\.!\SA, Os.GS. IBLreau c..-.f Land M:m;ig,.ml!:rrl , ,[PA, h
·)>
;;,c -< - -<
z~
Cf)
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
159
Figure 3.40: Marin County Landslide Susceptibility for Critical Facilities Map Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Legend
• Dams Fire Stations
• Military and Civil Hospitals and Medical
Defense Installations Facilities
Communication Police/ Sheriff Stations Facilities
Schools Electric Power Facilities
Wastewater Facilities Landslide
Water Supply Facilities Susceptibility
Airports Class
Emergency Operations
Centers Ill
Marin County
Landslide
V
VI
-VII .,.,..... ... ,
-VIII
-IX
-X
... , .. , ___ ,
0 2~~',,--s
e omc101
. . : EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT
---' 10
Miles
San Pablo Bay
Wildlife Area
Marin County OEM / Woody Baker-Cohn
email: [email protected] LJan
Date Printed: 10/ 30/23 N
County of Marin, California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, Geo Technologies, Inc, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, DOC/CGS, County of Marin, California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/ NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
160
Several unincorporated communities in Marin County have high to extreme landslide susceptibility, which are shown below.

Figure 3.41 shows landslide susceptibility in Lagunitas, Forest Knolls, San Geronimo and Woodacre.

Figure 3.41: Landslide Susceptibility – Lagunitas, Forest Knolls, San Geronimo and Woodacre Source: Marin County, 11/27/23
Figure 3.42 shows landslide susceptibility in Nicasio and Tocoloma.

Figure 3.42: Landslide Susceptibility – Nicasio and Tocoloma Source: Marin County, 11/27/23
l ~<?U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
161
Figure 3.43 shows landslide susceptibility in Olema and Point Reyes Station.

Figure 3.43: Landslide Susceptibility – Olema and Point Reyes Station Source: Marin County, 11/27/23
Figure 3.44 shows landslide susceptibility in Inverness.

Figure 3.44: Landslide Susceptibility – Inverness
Source: Marin County, 11/27/23
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
~
%->l),, ;
·~ · r~lr'~oa
/1_.,,_·
¾,.fl,- ij
~~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
162
Figure 3.45 shows landslide susceptibility in Dillon Beach and Tomales.

Figure 3.45: Landslide Susceptibility – Dillon Beach and Tomales Source: Marin County, 11/27/23
Figure 3.46 shows landslide susceptibility in Dogtown, Bolinas and Stinson Beach.

Figure 3.46: Landslide Susceptibility – Dogtown, Bolinas and Stinson Beach Source: Marin County, 11/27/23
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
if-. ~ ... ~ ... -~-\ -== -'.:.----- ~
' -: . \ , i
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
163
Figure 3.47 shows landslide susceptibility in the unincorporated area of Southern Marin County.

Figure 3.47: Landslide Susceptibility – Southern Marin County Source: Marin County
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County / Southern Marin
Landslide •

DIHCIDI

EMERGENCY
• MANAGEMENT
Military and Civil
Defense Installations
Electric Power Facflities
Wastewater Facilities
Emergency Operations
Centers
County of Marin, Califor~i~ S

USDA, DOC/ CGS
Fire Stations
Hospitals and Medical
Facilities
Police / Sheriff Stations
Schools
Landslide
Susceptibility
Class
Ill
V
VI
VII
• vm
• ix
• x

0.9 .,, ... r /
San Francisco
Bay
M / Woody Baker-Cohn
_:[email protected]
ted : 10/ 30/23 ~ N _ USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, 2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
164
Figure 3.48 shows landslide susceptibility in the unincorporated area of west central Marin County.

Figure 3.48: Landslide Susceptibility – West Central Marin County Source: Marin County
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
/' i'\ ~ J
Marin County / W Central
Landslide
Hospitals and Medical III
Facilities v
Police/ Sheriff Stations - VI
Electric Power Facilities Schools • vn
- VIII Water Supply Facilities Landslide
Susceptibility - IX
• x
Fire Stations Class
County of Marin, California State Parks, Es ,, . . , ... .._,_,,.

USDA, DOC/CGS
•
0IIICI0I

EMERGENCY
• MANAGEMENT
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
165
Figure 3.49 shows landslide susceptibility in the unincorporated area west of Novato.

Figure 3.49: Landslide Susceptibility – Novato West
Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Communication
Electric Power Facilities
Wastewater Facilities
Emergency Operations
Centers
Marin County / Novato West
Landslide
Hospitals and Medical lII
facilities V
Police/ Sheriff Stations VI
Schools - Vil
Landslide • vm
• ix Susceptibility • x
Class
•
omc101

EMERGENCY
• MANAGEMENT
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
166
Figure 3.50 shows landslide susceptibility in the unincorporated area of west central Marin.

Figure 3.50: Landslide Susceptibility – West Central Marin County Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County / W Central
Landslide
Hospitals and Medical
Facilities
Police/ Sheriff Stations
Electric Power Facilities Schools
Water Supply Facilities Landslide
~~n~!:ncy Operations Susceptibility
Class
County of Marin, California State Parks, Es ,-

USDA, DOC/ CGS
III
V
- VI
• vn
• vm
• ix
• x
•
omc101

EMERGENCY
• MANAGEMENT
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
167
Figure 3.51 shows landslide susceptibility in unincorporated area of North Novato.

Figure 3.51: Landslide Susceptibility – North Novato
Source: Marin County OEM
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Marin County / Novato North
Landslide
Landslide
Susceptibility
Electric Power Facilities Class
Ill
V
Police / Sheriff Stations • VI
- VII
• vm
e omc101

EMERGENCY - MANAGEMENT
/
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
168
The California Geological Survey has an interactive landslide inventory map available on their website that shows records associated with past landslide events in Marin County.

Figure 3.52: Landslide Inventory in the Marin County OA Source: California Geological Survey, 11/27/23
The inventory shows extensive areas of prior landslides around the county particularly in developed areas. Affected areas notably include many landslides near Bolinas Lagoon, Inverness and Bolinas (Point Reyes Station) ridges on the west coast; throughout Ross Valley including Sleepy Hollow, Fairfax and San Anselmo; San Rafael just outside downtown at Lincoln, Lock Lomond affecting many residences, San Quentin potentially affecting a wastewater treatment plant, and Bret Harte potentially affecting Highway 101; Santa Venetia affecting N. San Pedro Rd; Novato at Little Mountain and Mount Burdell affecting major roads such as Center Road, San Marin Drive and Novato Blvd and their nearby residential areas; Paradise Cay and Reed residential areas near Tiburon; and Mill Valley at Homestead Valley.

Smaller scale, and/or more isolated slides occur throughout the county where there are slopes.

These are typically of concern if there are roads or structures affected.

A massive mudslide occurred in Marin County during a storm from January 3-5, 1982, weakening foundation of the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge had to be closed for several days, cutting off the one road linking Marin County to San Francisco and stranding residents. Another landslide blocked Highway 101, closing it completely. The Point Reyes and Inverness areas were especially hard hit. The unincorporated community of Inverness was isolated for several days when numerous slides covered the road into town. The storm caused huge amounts of water to rush down canyons, scouring them as rocks, mud, trees and massive trunks hit roads and houses on their way downward. Inverness and Inverness Park were inundated in rocks and mud.
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Ami [: 38.168 -121.799 Degrees
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
169
Figure 3.53: Damage in Inverness from the January 1982 Storm Source: Jack Mason Museum of West Marin History
Twelve houses in Inverness were destroyed or damaged by mudslides, mostly in the Alder Creek Canyon area and the Vallejo Avenue area of Inverness Park. Over 300,000 cubic yards of mud was removed from public property in Inverness. The Inverness water system was destroyed when a main pipe ruptured and reservoirs were damaged.

Figure 3.54: January 1982 Highway 101 Mudslide in Marin County Source: San Francisco Chronicle
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
Chronicle/ Pete Breinig, 1982
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
170
From January to March of 1995, a series of winter storms caused several mudslides in Marin County, blocking roads and damaging residential and public property.

Marin County sustained significant damage as a result of the Winter and Spring storms of 2006 (DR-1628 and DR-1646) which resulted in hundreds of locations in Marin County where damage occurred; many of those being landslides, rock fall, or other infrastructure damage related to slope instability.

In 2011, a $1.5M emergency slide repair was constructed at the intersection of Terrace Avenue and Overlook Drive on the Bolinas Mesa to repair recent drastic settlement (up to 8-feet) such that access for emergency vehicles and resident egress could be maintained. As much as 20,000 cubic yards of material was excavated and re-compacted in lifts with earth reinforcing fabric to affect the repair.

In 2014, several debris flows impacted Marin County. On February 28th, a mudslide blocked part of Highway 1 at Panoramic. On December 11th, a mudslide occurred along Tennessee Valley Road, causing $1 million in property damage. Another landslide under sixty feet of Highway 1 near Muir Beach on the same day resulted in a full closure of the road, causing $1 million in damages.

Severe damage occurred during the January and February Winter storms of 2017 (DR-4305 and DR-4308) resulting in over 100 locations in Marin County where damage occurred.

Landslides occurred along Highway 101 and several local roads.

Figure 3.55: February 2017 Landslide on Lucas Valley Road Source: Marin County
Significant damage in Marin County occurred during the January and February Winter storms of 2019 (DR-4431 and DR-4344), where a series of atmospheric rivers caused separate mudslides on Sir Francis Drake Boulevard in Lagunitas and on Highway 101 in Waldo (shutting down the road southbound).
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
171
On March 22, 2023, a mudslide severely damaged and buckled a 100-foot stretch of road on Redwood Boulevard adjacent to Highway 101 and just west of the Marin County Airport, forcing the closure of Olompali State Historic Park. The mudslide uncovered one of two PG&E gas lines but it remained intact.

Figure 3.56: March 2023 Mudslide in Marin County
Source: San Francisco Chronicle
Impacts
Marin County is largely undeveloped and has a widespread natural environment where creeks and rivers adjoin both private and public infrastructure. During times of intense rainfall, creeks tend to rise and the resulting high flows can erode roadway supporting earthen embankments leading to landslides and sometimes property damage. Historic development in the Marin County OA tends to be concentrated in small areas, with many homes located along creeks and on steep hillsides potentially impacted by precipitation-induced landslides. Thousands of existing structures have the potential to be impacted by landslides, including over ten thousand single family homes, in addition to multi-family, commercial structures, and structures on a few industrial parcels. Notably, hundreds of miles of roads are potentially impacted by landslides which can lead to their short-term closure during and after intense storm events and some power utility facilities could also be affected. Infrastructure, such as natural gas pipelines and water or wastewater infrastructure, can break or malfunction if the soil supporting them fails.

This can lead to disruptions in energy delivery and water or wastewater services. Landslides, mudslides, and debris flows can move fast enough to damage or destroy homes or other structures in their path, block roadways (including evacuation routes), and injure or kill people caught in them. For most jurisdictions in the Marin County OA, at least 10% of its homes and roadways can potentially be impacted by landslides. Landslides and debris flows could also have ecological impacts for numerous waterbodies in Marin County, including Tomales Bay and the Bolinas Lagoon.

Extent and Probability
Slope instability throughout much of the Marin County OA is related to many factors, including, but not limited to; type(s) of soil involved and various geologic factors (presence of faults or other weakened soil planes), steepness of the slope and surrounding topography, intensity and duration of rainfall, presence of underground springs or groundwater, adequacy of surface water management, and proper erosion protection. While landslides occur in any given year, the frequency and number of landslides has been observed to be directly proportionate to the frequency and duration of rainfall events. A landslide and/or a debris flow could occur in any l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
172
unincorporated community of Marin County and throughout much of the Marin County OA due to its overall moderate to high landslide susceptibility.

Landslides are less likely to occur during the fall months (October-November) when the ground is sufficiently dry and can absorb the moderate rain events typically observed during this time of year. Landslides are more often observed between December and May when rain events are usually more intense and/or frequent. Under these circumstances, the ground has been saturated, becomes heavier, and the presence of water within the soil increases the pore pressure thereby reducing the friction between soil particles – which leads to sliding. Proper drainage management to maintain existing sufficient drainage patterns (on both private and public lands) is essential to limiting potential future landslide events. In the Marin County OA, renewed and potentially widespread landslide activity will most likely occur during or after future periods of prolonged or intense rainfall.

The extent of typical landslides in the Marin County OA, including in the unincorporated area, as estimated from previous occurrences, is on the order of 500 cubic yards of material displaced from an area 100 feet long and 30 feet deep. According to County engineering staff, Marin County seems to have bad slide years during heavy storms every five years. During these years, the County repairs a half dozen slides or more, so there might be a dozen bad slides across the County including incorporated areas. According to NOAA, the 5-year recurrence interval precipitation amount is 4 inches of rain in 12 hours, 5.8 inches of rain in 24 hours, or 7.6 inches of rain in 2 days.

Table 3.9: Marin County OA Hazard Risk Assessment – Debris Flows Jurisdiction
Probability/
Likelihood
of Future
Events
Geographic
Extent
Magnitude/
Severity
Climate
Change
Influence
Significance Risk
Score
Marin County Occasional Extensive Severe Medium Medium 13.00 City of
Belvedere Occasional Extensive Severe Medium Medium 13.00 Town of
Corte Madera Likely Limited Severe Low Medium 11.00
Town of
Fairfax Likely Limited Moderate Medium Low 10.00
City of
Larkspur Likely Limited Severe Medium Medium 12.00
City of
Mill Valley Likely Significant Moderate Medium High 13.00 City of
Novato Likely Negligible Weak Low Low 7.00
Town of
Ross Occasional Significant Moderate Medium Medium 11.00 Town of
San Anselmo Likely Limited Moderate Medium Medium 11.00 l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
173
City of
San Rafael
Highly
Likely Significant Moderate Medium Medium 13.00
City of
Sausalito Likely Significant Severe Medium High 14.00
Town of
Tiburon Occasional Extensive Severe Medium Medium 13.00 Bolinas
Public Utility
District
Highly
Likely Limited Moderate High High 14.00
Las Gallinas
Valley
Sanitary
District
Occasional Negligible Weak Low Low 6.00
North Marin
Water
District
Occasional Significant Moderate High Medium 12.00
Southern
Marin Fire
District
Likely Significant Moderate Low Low 10.00
Table 3.9: Marin County OA Hazard Risk Assessment – Debris Flow Source: Profiled Jurisdictions and Districts
Vulnerability
Landslides due to storms are a relatively frequent occurrence in many populated areas of the Marin County OA, including in the unincorporated area, making it quite vulnerable to landslides.

Areas with slopes greater than 50 percent have extreme susceptibility to landslide. Areas of particular concern are those that include high elevations and steep ravines and gulches associated with river and stream channels. Numerous major roads in unincorporated Marin County, including Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Point Reyes Petaluma Road, Marshall Petaluma Road, Nicasio Valley Road, Lucas Valley Road, Highway 1 and Highway 101 all run through areas of steep slopes where a landslide could occur. A major closure of any of these roads could cut off access to communities, particularly in western Marin County, and limit access to emergency vehicles. Many of these major roads and communities along them, such as Lucas Valley, Marinwood, Lagunitas, Forest Knolls, San Geronimo, Woodacre, Olema and Point Reyes Station, lie along creeks that could impact them with debris flows.

Areas located at the base of creek alluvial fans have extreme susceptibility to mud flows, including after major fires where loose soil and ash can become deposited. Areas of particular concern are those where the widespread and lateral movement of mud and debris can occur.

Areas where mud and debris can be channeled, including downslope roads and waterways, are also susceptible to mud flows. Overgrowth of vegetation in creeks and changes to natural drainage due to development can inhibit the flow of water and muddy debris, causing it to spill over creek banks and create overflow channels onto roadbeds and into adjacent communities in a debris flow or flooding event. A major wildfire and/or rain soaking event in any area of unincorporated Marin County could threaten creek-side communities with a debris flow. In addition, the Bolinas Lagoon and Highway 1 running along the east side of it lie at a natural alluvial fan of the Mount Tamalpais Watershed and could be susceptible to mud and debris from a wildfire around Mount Tamalpais. The Stinson Beach area is particularly vulnerable to any debris flows and subsequent flooding in the Bolinas Lagoon. l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
174
Critical infrastructure and facilities that are built into steep slopes, including water access delivery and communication systems, are all susceptible to landslides. Populations serviced by this infrastructure and/or that live in extreme landslide susceptibility zones are subsequently susceptible as well. Numerous communication facilities and other critical infrastructure lie in areas of western Marin County where there is high landslide susceptibility. The Marin County OA is hilly and mountainous overall and the distribution of the landslide hazard is varied across the county as indicated in figure 3.40. The combination of factors that cause landslides, including geology, vegetation, local drainage, and local grading make slope a poor proxy of landslide risk. However, parcels with an average slope above 20 percent are considered hillside lots and risks of slides are present on slopes of 30 percent and above. Slopes as high as 60 or 65 percent are common on hillsides throughout the county.

Numerous unincorporated communities in the Marin County OA have susceptibility to a debris flow: Lagunitas, Forest Knolls, San Geronimo and Woodacre all lie along San Geronimo Creek and a stretch of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard with high to moderate landslide susceptibility and could be vulnerable to debris flows. Numerous residences, businesses, schools and community centers lie in this area.

Outlying areas of Nicasio, particularly on the west side of Nicaso Valley Road, where there are multiple residences, have high to moderate susceptibility to landslides. Tocoloma lies along a section of Lagunitas Creek and could be susceptible to debris flow. The Tocoloma PG&E substation lies adjacent to the creek.

Several residences and businesses in Olema lie along Olema Creek and could be susceptible to debris flow. Point Reyes Station lies along Lagunitas Creek, though most of the buildings around the downtown core are not adjacent to the creek. There are residences and businesses in the outlying areas south of Point Reyes Station that could be susceptible to a debris flow in Lagunitas Creek. The hilly northern area of Point Reyes Station where there are residences is more susceptible to landslide.

Parts of Inverness are particularly susceptible to a landslide, including the southern end where there are numerous residences, a school, and the Inverness Fire Department. Areas of Seahaven where there are numerous residences are also particularly susceptible to a landslide.

Large sections of Point Reyes National Seashore where there are residences, historic ranches, and other structures lie in areas of high landslide susceptibility.

Sections of the east shore of Tomales Bay along Highway 1, including north of Bivalve, from Marconi to Marshall, and from the area of Clarke Road north to Walker Creek are susceptible to a landslide. There are numerous residences and businesses along the shore, including in Marshall and at Marconi Conference Center State Historic Park (which is a critical facility), that lie in areas of high landslide susceptibility. While most of Tomales is in an area of moderate landslide susceptibility, the area is hilly and there are numerous residences, businesses, community facilities, schools, and emergency facilities susceptible to landslide. Areas of Dillon Beach where there are numerous residences have a high landslide susceptibility, particularly on the northern outlying areas of the community.

Areas in and around Bolinas where there are numerous homes, schools, and community facilities have a high landslide susceptibility. The Woodrat Water Treatment Plant and associated facilities along with the Bolinas PG&E substation north of Bolinas lie in areas of moderate to high landslide susceptibility. The community of Dogtown, where there are numerous residences, lies in areas of moderate to high landslide susceptibility. There are also numerous creeks that run through Dogtown that could impact it with debris flows. Parts of l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
175
Stinson Beach, particularly northeast of Highway 1 in the foothills. where there are numerous residences, the Stinson Beach Community Center and the Stinson Beach Fire Station, lie in areas of moderate to high landslide susceptibility.

Most all of Muir Beach and the surrounding area, where there are numerous residences, the Muir Beach Community Center and the Muir Beach Fire Station, lie in an area of high landslide susceptibility. Much of Tamalpais Valley and the outskirts of Marin City lie in an area of high landslide susceptibility. There are hundreds of residences along with several schools, community centers and emergency facilities that lie in this area, including on the northern end of Marin City. While Alto has low landslide susceptibility, most of Strawberry down to Harbor Point lies in an area of moderate to high landslide susceptibility. Parts of Paradise Cay and most of the east side of the Tiburon Peninsula also have high landslide susceptibility. There are hundreds of residences and several schools and community centers in these areas, as well as the Southern Marin Fire Protection District Station #9.

Areas of Kentfield, particularly in the foothills of Mount Tamalpais and on the northeast side of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard down into Greenbrae, and most of California City have moderate to high landslide susceptibility. There are hundreds of residences in this area. Most critical facilities in Kentwood do not lie in areas of landslide susceptibility but are located along Corte Madera Creek and could be susceptible to debris flows that originate along the flanks of Mount Tamalpais. The northern end of San Quentin is in an area of moderate to high landslide susceptibility, and parts of San Quentin State Prison are vulnerable to a landslide.

Residences on the outskirts of Lucas Valley, Marinwood, and Sleepy Hollow that lie in the foothills have a moderate to high susceptibility to landslides, as do residences in most of Los Ranchitos and in the area of Marinwood and Saint Vincent around Highway 101. Several health care facilities and schools also lie in this fringe. Areas of Lucas Valley and Marinwood along Miller Creek may be particularly susceptible to a debris flow in the creek. Numerous residences and a school lie in this area. Areas of Santa Venitia around the San Pedro Mountain Open Space Preserve have moderate to high susceptibility to landslides. There are dozens of homes in this area. Most critical facilities in Santa Venitia lie outside areas of landslide susceptibility.

The western side of the Green Point-Black Point area has high landslide susceptibility while the eastern side is more moderately susceptible with pockets of high susceptibility. The entire area is primarily residential and hundreds of homes along with a school have some vulnerability to a landslide. There are residential areas in the unincorporated County west of Novato in the foothills with hundreds of homes that have moderate to high susceptibility of a landslide and could be vulnerable to a debris flow from any of the creeks that originate in the mountains.

Landslides, mudslides, and debris flows can move fast enough to damage or destroy homes or other structures in their path, block roadways (including evacuation routes), and injure or kill people caught in them. Marin County OA populations that are most vulnerable to the effects of landslides, debris flows, and post-fire debris flows include:
• Low-income households
• Households in poverty
• Renters
• Persons living in mobile homes
• Persons living on single access roads
• Persons without access to transportation or telecommunications • Outdoor workers
l ~<;>U·N· TY OF
~ ARIN
a
~
2023 Marin County Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
176
• Houseless population
• Persons with disabilities
The most vulnerable populations are those that may be unable to evacuate due to limited mobility, lack of access to a vehicle, or language barriers that may prevent awareness of emergency notifications. Those living on single-access roadways in the hilly areas of the County or those living in less resilient housing may lose access to their homes if roadways or the structures are damaged or destroyed by a landslide. Development on hillsides in places like Mill Valley was done in the 1920s and 1930s, long before landslides were factored into design and construction regulations.

Climate Change and Future Development Considerations
Extreme storm events and more frequent wildfires as a result of climate change have the potential to increase the amount and severity of landslides, including disastrous debris flows.

Climate change is leading to more volatile precipitation patterns around the world with very dry stretches punctuated by storms that drop large amounts of rain in a short amount of time.

Landslides in wetter regions of California, including the Marin County OA, move on average faster and farther downhill during rainy periods compared to drought years, according to a 2022 study by the American Geophysical Union (AGU), showing the increased potential for landslides in the Marin County OA in rainy years. As development increases in the numerous canyons and around the many open spaces of the Marin County OA, the potential for significant impacts from a landslide and/or mudflow increases. Future development should take into account the movement of mud and debris in waterways after a major rain event. Adequate space adjacent to susceptible waterways should be maintained free of development to allow for the passage of mud and debris, and catchment basins should be built in these areas to help capture any excess mud and debris.

3.3.3 DROUGHT
A drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage causing adverse impacts on vegetation, animals, and/or people. It is a normal recurrent feature of climate that occurs in virtually all climate zones, from very wet to very dry. Drought is a temporary aberration from normal climatic conditions and can thus vary significantly from one region to another. Droughts occur slowly, over a multi-year period, and it is often not obvious or easy to quantify when a drought begins and ends. Drought is a complex issue involving many factors—it occurs when a normal amount of moisture is not available to satisfy an area’s usual water-consuming activities.