Agenda packet — City Council and Authorities Concurrent, March 10, 2026 (part 4 of 7)

Purpose
The City periodically receives through the various City departments public concerns about excessive vehicle speeding and high cut-through traffic on neighborhood streets in the City. In many instances, when motorists are faced with a congested arterial route choose to use nonarterial streets on neighborhood streets. This consequently has led to an increase in demand from residents for traffic calming devices to be installed in their neighborhood streets to mitigate the subsequent traffic problems that are either real or perceived.

In reaction to these concerns as well as the desires of the City to provide its residents with a methodical approach to managing and quickly respond to these concerns, the City Manager was requested to develop a comprehensive Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program (NTCP). This program is not intended to replace but rather to supplement current City practices. "Neighborhood Traffic Calming" expresses the· sentiments of residents who wish to maintain peaceful and people-friendly streets within their neighborhoods by either minimizing or eliminating the undesirable impacts caused by the motoring public. While all streets are public property, residents have particular concerns about streets in their neighborhoods. The City understands the concerns residents may have regarding their neighborhood streets and supports the residents in taking a special interest. As such, the NTCP aims to facilitate the maintenance and enhancement of elements characteristic of livable communities, which include elements supporting security and safety of all residents and visitors, the sense of home and privacy, and the feeling of community identification.

The City believes this program will provide a framework which can be consistently applied in addressing a myriad of traffic safety concerns as well as quality of life issues as they are encountered by residents and the City. These concerns include limited sight distance, on-street parking, pedestrian and bicyclists safety, right-of-way control, high incidence of accidents, excessive vehicle volumes and excessive speeding. The program is designed, however, to be flexible enough to respond to case-by-case situations and to be amended as necessary.

Furthermore, the traffic calming measures included as part of the NTCP should be implemented only to address documented safety or traffic concerns supported by traffic engineering studies.

All implementations shall adhere to the guidelines provided in this report unless decided otherwise by the City Traffic Engineer
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
Page2
Has your neighborhood experienced any of the following problems:
□ Limited sight distance - vegetation and parked vehicles. □ Concern for pedestrian safety.
□ Parking control and prohibition.
□ Right-of-way traffic control at intersections.
□ High incidence of accidents.
□ Excessive vehicle volumes.
□ Excessive speeding.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Here are some of the solutions for the problems identified:
□ Limited sight distance - vegetation and parked vehicles.

What can be done about sight obstructions or restrictions? • When foliage is the culprit in compromising sight visibility, City forces will either trim or remove the shrub or tree. When the tree is within the resident's property, the City will notify the resident of his/her responsibility to correct the problem. • When parked vehicles or other obstructions are causing a sight restriction preventing motorists from seeing approaching vehicles, the City Council can authorize the City Traffic Engineer to prohibit parking of vehicles, garbage· bins, storage bins, or any other obstruction to provide all road users with adequate sight distance.
□ Concern for pedestrian and bicyclist safety.

How can the City help provide a safe environment for pedestrians? • Police Department conducts pedestrian and bicycle school safety programs ( on request). These programs alert and educate pedestrians and bicyclists to potential safety hazards.
• Suggested safe route to school. programs. Through cooperative efforts between the City, School Districts, and parents a safe route to and from school can be determined.
• Traffic control tools are available that can assist pedestrians and bicyclists in negotiating street facilities. When warranted marked crosswalks, adult crossing guards, flashing beacons, stop signs, traffic signals, detector loops, pedestrian push buttons, etc. can be used.
• When warranted the construction of sidewalks will provide a path for pedestrians to separate them from vehicles, reducing the potential for conflicts. • When warranted and when there is sufficient right-of-way, bicycle lanes and bicycle paths can improve the comfort and safety of bicyclists.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
Page4
• Traffic chokers. These are geometrically designed features that physically narrow the street, reducing the distance for pedestrians when crossing the street.

Stop signs.
intersections.

These assign the vehicular and pedestrian right-of-way at Traffic signals. Electronic traffic control that assigns vehicular and pedestrian right-of-way at intersections. In addition they facilitate traffic flow through the intersection.
o High incidence of accidents.

Depending on the location of reported_ accidents, some of the solutions that Traffic Engineers have to redyce the number of accidents are the following:
• Speed limit or warning signs. Regulatory signs will inform motorists of the vehicle speeds they are expected to travel and warning signs will alert them to unexpected road conditions.
• Right-of-way control assignments. Where traffic accidents, vehicular volumes, and time delays are substantial, traffic controls like stop signs and traffic signal can help to provide adequate time gaps to enter the intersection. • Road improvements. When warranted the types of road improvements possible are: sidewalks; street lights, street width modification, etc. • Request for increased Santa Clara Police Department Traffic Enforcement.

Selective enforcement provides an education opportunity by adding emphasis on observing the rules of the road.

Tr<>ffir- ~no-;nec.Mng ~hld;oc, "'.lnrl Obsen•nt:~nr'I ~-"-A.":C vo1u-- d d • ,..._ ... v ....,.,E>'" ..,.... u•u. ,...,., U11U , va. 1U .:, . .11a.Hl 1 1111;;, spee , roa way, and accident studies can be conducted to assess the nature and extent of the problem. Roadway conditions such as sight distances, pavement conditions, traffic signing, pavement markings, and roadway geometry are reviewed to determine the effect they have on the driving conditions. The findings from these studies can be used to help in lessening the traffic concern by either improving the situation or by demonstrating the situation is not as adverse as perceived. • Installation of striping, stop signs, additional and larger speed limit signs, and "25" pavement messages. These are recommended as treatments to increase the motorist's awareness and other driving conditions by highlighting various areas of the roadway.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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□ Excessive vehicle volumes.

What types of traffic control tools are available to reduce vehicle volumes? • Turn prohibition signs. The success of these regulatory signs will depend on their general acceptance by motorists. When posted, they will prohibit specific turning movements.

Raised curb medians and forced-tum channelization. These are permanent physical features used as street median barrier or at intersections to prevent through traffic from making turning movements onto local neighborhood streets. • Semi-diverters (half-closures). These are permanent physical structure(s), serving as barriers to prevent access onto local streets by tr.rough traffic. • Diagonal diverters. These are permanent physical barriers that are placed diagonally across the intersections to re-direct through traffic away from local neighborhoods.
• Cul-de-sac. A complete physical barrier blocking through traffic. □ Excessive speeding.

How can it be controlled?
• Speed limit signs and "25" pavement messages. Either used separately or as a combination, they are one of the most cost effective measures in increasing the awareness of motorists traveling through a neighborhood street. These two devices do not have glaring negative impacts as far as air quality, emergency response time, maintenance, and liability exposure are concerned. • When warranted geometrically designed features or barriers can be used, such as speed humps and traffic circles to reduce vehicle speeds on local neighborhood streets.

How can the posted speed limit be enforced or monitored? • Radar Speed Trailer. The deployment of the radar speed trailer is coordinated by the Police Department. It is primarily used as an educational tool. The primary intent of the radar speed trailer is to remind motorists of the prevailing speed limit and the need to check their speedometer on a more frequent basis. It is important to note that the trailer is not an enforcement device.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
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Increased Police Enforcement. Police enforcement has proven, over the years, to be the most effective and successful technique in reducing speeds within a residential area. Police presence alone would increase safety awareness in residential streets. Unlike other costly traffic measures, police enforcement has the distinct advantage of impacting offending drivers without affecting the convenience or mobility of motorists who obey the rules of the road. The speeding pattern sometimes crop up again when enforcement activity is not periodically resumed. Due to various City-wide needs and the amount of traffic movement within the City, particularly during commute hours, the Police Department cannot always provide the desired amount and frequency of enforcement residents would like. Without regular periodic enforcement, long-term benefits of speed reduction may be diminished.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Traffic Management Strategies
Traffic calming options to address residential traffic concerns can generally be categorized as follows:

1. 2.

3. 4.

Meeting with and educating residents to better understand the nature and extent of traffic problem(s). A discussion of potential solutions to those problems often brings to light the likely benefits and potential impacts.

Enforcing general laws and ordinances pertammg to speed limits, turning restnct1ons, intersection control and parking regulations. This may entail the establishment or revision of City ordinances.

Utilizin00- traffic controi devices that orovide soecific regulatorv. warning or guide 1 J. .., ~ - - messages to pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and all users of the roadway.

Neighborhood meetings and installing physical geometric design features that influence or direct the movement of vehicles, bicyclists or pedestrians within the neighborhood streets.

In general, these designs cause either vertical or lateral modifications to achieve their objectives. Only when the methods in items 1, 2 and 3 have proven ineffective should these measures be utilized in addressing residential concerns.

As stated, the NTCP is intended to expand the City's current practices to mitigate cut-through traffic, speeding and other traffic-related problems in residential neighborhoods. In line with the management strategies above, traffic calming options available through the NTCP are generally classified under one of the following three categories:
• Level 1 -- These measures are generally comprised of studies, data collection efforts, observations, education, public involvement, enforcement efforts, new striping, new signage, parking controls and the use of the speed radar trailer (see categories 1-3 above).

These measures are sometimes referred to as passive controls. • Level 2 -- These measures include neighborhood meetings and generally require the alteration of the physical configuration of neighborhood streets (see category 4 above).

These measures are sometimes referred to as physical controls and common characteristics are that by their physical form they force or prohibit a specific action. These features are largely self-enforcing and create a visual impression that a street is not intended for through traffic. Level 2 treatments include neighborhood meetings, chokers, chicanes, gateways and rumble strips. While Level 2 measures may possibly negatively impact emergency response times of service vehicles, sound engineering and design in coordination with emergency service departments can reduce the impacts to a minimum.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
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• Level 3 -- Level 3 measures are similar to Level 2 measures in that they require alteration of the physical configuration of neighborhood streets and force or prohibit a specific action, however, the intrinsic features of Level 3 measures critically affect neighborhood access and emergency response. Level 3 treatments include speed humps, traffic circles, median barriers, forced tum channelization, diagonal diverters and cul-de-sacs. Because emergency response routes (see pages 15 and 16) are part of vital routes in providing life-saving services to all City citizens and visitors, they will not be eligible to receive Level 3 treatments.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
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Table 1
Level 1 Neighborhood Traffic Calming Options
Traffic
CalnirYJ
MBsl.e
Speed
Fedudion
LJnifSg,s ·•· .•
·PavEm:rt•
Speed
Ra:a-Traler
Hg-a-\nsiality
Ooss/,aks
8 Tunferidia,
Sig,s
Volme
fe:ludioo
Traffic
llversion
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
Noise
lnaease
Yes
asRrue
Loss a am lncn:ase Estirn:ed
OI-S:n!£t fJa;ess E11ergeucy in Sreet lnstallmon
Parking Femdion Vetide Mirien- Cost
fESponse ame
lrrpacts
N:re
$1,CXDp:r
cmss,,ak

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A) LEVEL2
Traffic
Cahring
Mi!asi.l'e
B) LEVEL3
Traffic
Gaining
Maasre
Table 2
Level 2 and Level 3 Neighborhood Traffic Calming Options Voll.me
Speed Fewd:ion
Reduction Traffic
Diversion
Noise losscl
Ol-Sreet
Parking
R:lssl::ie f'-b Qa-ge J\tre
I I
R:lssl::ie
R:lssl::ie
Volllm
a.as Roule lraease
k.aass and in Sreet
fes- Erregelq M:irtentridion \khicle ance
Response
lrrpacts
l\i::ne N:>
a.sRcute lraease
Speed FEaJdion Noise Loss rl k.aass and inSreet
Reduction Traffic Increase Ol-Sreet Fes- Erregelq MirtenDiversion Parking tridion Vehicle ance Response
lrrpacts
1 1 Neigy- ,rt,r..u:! Ftsstie AJssi!le l'b 01a"ge !\me , !\me f\.b'le f\.b Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
Yes 1i
Estirraed
lnstallaion
QlSt
$50:)
Estirreted
Installation
QlSt

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Impacts of Traffic Calming Measures
While Level 2 and Level 3 options have the potential to achieve the desired results, they can also present significant problems that compound the initial concern of the resident. From the resident's point of view, the benefits are quite often obvious while the shortcomings may be less apparent. There are different types of traffic calming devices and measures, and their impacts will vary depending on the application and the existing roadway conditions. In recommending the use of Level 2 and Level 3 calming measures, it will be the City's policy to proceed with caution and to fully investigate potential problems associated with their implementation.

In order to determine the suitability of traffic calming devices for remedying residential traffic problems, it is first important to quantify the problem to determine the nature and extent of the problem(s) to be solved. Each problem should be handled on a case-by-case basis and described qualitatively as well. Also; the real problem, not just the perceived concern, must be identified to ensure the solution achieves the desired result. • •
The experiences of other jurisdictions illustrate that negative impacts must be identified and then weighed against the benefits of the proposed traffic calming method. Furthermore, delays to services including transit, police, fire, ambulance, waste collection, and street cleaning can have adverse implications, resulting in a compromise to neighborhood safety and livability. Traffic calming measures and devices should be applied only where sound engineering judgement justify their use. The City, however, shall strive for a balance between responsive customer service and sound engineering judgement in dealing with residential requests for Level 2 or Level 3 traffic calming devices and measures.

The emergency response route table and map in the following pages show the residential streets that are highly utilized by the Police and Fire Department. Because these streets are part of vital routes in providing life-saving services to all City citizens and visitors, they will not be eligible to receive Level 3 treatments. These emergency response routes, however, are eligible for Level 2 treatments. Like Level 3 devices, Level 2 devices have a negative impact on the response times of emergency vehicles/units, but to a lesser degree.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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.... M.i.S.

T,~inq No. ,_,.,oe
Figure 1
Police and· Fire Emergency Response Routes
Two-Lane Residential Streets
AGATE
LOCHINVAR A\1£
SCOTT BLVD.

WARBURTON AVE.

EL CAMINO REAL
R S08RANTE AV£
3 t: KAISER DR
~,--
i

CITY OF SANTA CLARA

RESIDENTIAL POLICE ANO FIRE ROUTES
Police ond Fire Emergency Routes
2-Lone Residentiol Streets
Major Arterials
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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SIREEI
Pgi.e Dive
Pgi.eDive
lgeNRoaj
.AJpine Averl.Yc
.AJviso Street
.AJviro Street
/lrg.JSWay
Belem/ Street
Berta, Street
Berta, Street
ad1a1a1 Dive
E:id<irg,an Dive
Cabillo Averl.Yc
Calle Ce Prirravera
OroTiteDive
Oyde Averl.Yc
Ovic Gerta- Dive
OorinDive
Cyµ-0$Averua
Ea&\MXX!Orde
B Sol:ra1te Av£n.e
Flcra Visa Aven:e
-Fort.::ies Aver:.Ja
ForchrnDive
Fa-est Averue
Frcrds Avenua
Gamin Dive
Gade Dive
0"aicdaAverua
Q-eerM<XX'iDive
Halfctd AVEllR
HErdd AVEllR
1-bga,Dive
1-brestead Roa:l
Table 3
Police and Fire Emergency Response Routes
Two-Lane Residential Streets
UMTS
ENTIRELEN'.iTH FROM
Frerdi Street
OTarite Dive
Calcbazc5Creek
X
Berta, Street
iverket Street
X
Scrc:tcga Av£n.e
\/\Jr::xxj D.J:k Avent.e
Los Oivos Dive
Bentai Street
Stevens Creek Bvd.

Lav.erceBqMy.

X
X
X
\J\iarbutcn Avarua
Stevens Creek Bvd.

Stevens Creek Bvd.

X
X
Bentai Street
1-Bn,~N"'IA,,~II"\
VQYr\.Vwl~
CaailloAven:e
Brod<side Avent.e
X
Pruraidge Avarua
X
Lav.erce BqMy.

X
X
Forest Averua
X
SanTaras~.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
TO
l\tatirallo \Na.j
700 Norlhct Ororme er.

Lafayette Sreet
l...eMs Street
N:MhaiStreet
Jcd<sc:n Street
Lav.rerce BqM,y.

B CarriroReal
B Camm Real
1\/arida Averue
Main Street
l\ibrroe Street
Pn.neridge Averue
Pn.neridge Averue
\/Vc3rbutc:n Avefl.Ya
Los Pa:tes Blvd.

IVbrroe Street
1-enyAverua
Fortcna Dive
Pomeroy AVB"lle
Pn.neridge Avefl.Ya
Lafayette Street

Page 15 ends

SIREEI
Jcd<scrlStreet
KaiS:rDive
Keystme Avm..s
l..a<eshl"e Dive
Las Palrnas Dive
la.lie Avn.:e
Lirmn Strea:

Lochrwa- Avm..s
Les Oivos Dive
Les Pa:tes Blvd
fv'a::haiJ Avm..s
Main Street
IVle1< Avm..s
IVlei<et Street
M:l.rida Avarua
rvtrroeStrea
IVbiicello \/Va/
~I Street
t'mli Avm..s
~Dive
, Pak Avf'!:l...s
Pea::x:x:i< Avarua
Peq:ier T rre l..a1e
Poircia,a Dive
Paneroy Avarua
&ta-a\/Vaf
Sa.th Dive
Ta, Oa<. Dive
V\ab.rtm Avm..s
V\ab.rtcr, Avm..s
V\b:::f:j D..d< Avf!ll.1=
V\tx:x:tans Rcgj
Table 3 (Continued)
Police and Fire Emergency Response Routes
Two-Lane Residential Streets
UMTS

ENTIRE LENGTH FROJI
Bellany Street
X
&d<irgm, Dive
X
H:mstea.:i Fm:l
X
1-b'nstea:i R:a::I
X
X
X
Dal fvbie Averua
&ra-a\/Va.j
Saia Cruz Avffl.£
Sa-ac:ga Aven.e
X
&xtt Ba.Jle.Jad
X
Vmlirgtm Strea
B CaniroReal
X
Bellemy Street
X
1-b'nstea:i R:a::I
HalfcrdAv~
Pn.neridJe Avffl.£
fVb"r03 Street
X
X
Flaa Vista Averua
Los Pcd"es Blvd
Berta, Street
X
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
TO
l'v'aketStreet
Saao;JBAvm..s
Berta, St.reet
El Caniro Real
1\/bTc:e Street
Berta, Street
Frai:is Avffl.E
TteAlaneda
NeM7allStreet
East City Limits
I\JbT~ Street
E=~ Oty Limits I
KaiS:r Dive
LaM-erce !¾My.

V\atuta, Av~
Main Street
Lairs AvetU=
I\JbT~ Street
Peaxx:k AvetU=

Page 16 ends

Procedure for the Evaluation of Requests

1. Citizens shall submit a request for implementation of traffic calming measures in writing to the following:

City of Santa Clara
Traffic Engineering Division
1500 Warburton Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95050

2. Initial steps will be to consider and determine the effectiveness and feasibility of Level 1 Traffic Calming measures in mitigating the concern(s). The City Traffic Engineer will ,,,n.r1r ~;r'3t,l"+l·u 'tut+h ,..;+;zo.n~ +n do...:,o.ln.-n. snln+;n.,ro ~-"1:1'.-l"'itJ'~-,.... T Qv•e• 1 +--.-.. .... +--en--- V-T'-...l'AA'li.. UUVVL .J Y'fl.L.l.l \Jl.\..J. \J.11.J LV ""'V""l'-'P Ul~LlVl!~ u1vv1vu1e J...ICi l 1 UCiQ.Llll lL:).

3. Should Level 1 treatments prove unsatisfactory in resolving the concern, Level 2 and Level 3 treatments will then be considered. A neighborhood meeting will be scheduled to allow residents of the impacted neighborhood to express their concerns. The meeting will be conducted to identify the issue(s) of concern and to arrive at a feasible solution. A neighborhood representative or contact person shall be identified/selected at this meeting.

The designated representative will be given a standard Traffic Calming Request/Petition Form and will be expected to collect all necessary signatures from residents. Also, the neighborhood representative will act as a facilitator between the neighborhood residents and the Traffic Engineering Division staff.

4. The neighborhood representative indicated above shall return the completed Request/Petition Form to the Traffic Engineering Division within 30 calendar days. All residents of the affected neighborhood are to be contacted and the petition must contain the signatures of property owners representing at least 70% of the properties that face directly on the block under consideration. There must also be 100 percent concurrence from residents within 100 feet of the proposed Level 2 or Level 3 device. A separate petition must be submitted for each block.

If the neighborhood representative cannot obtain the necessary neighborhood concurrence, Level 2 and Level 3 devices will not be used and the Traffic Engineering Division will continue to investigate the use of Level 1 treatments in mitigating the traffic concern.

Completed petitions shall be submitted to the Traffic Engineering Division at the address indicated above.

5. Once the petition is received, the Traffic Engineering Division will undertake engineering studies and will work closely with the Police and .Fire Departments to determine whether or not the street in question meets the established criteria for an installation.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-2 7-99

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If the street is eligible for a Level 2 or Level 3 device, the matter will be scheduled for an upcoming City Council meeting. All residents will be notified of the proposal and will be given the opportunity to address Council. If the recommendation is denied, the Level 2 or Level 3 device will not be used and the Traffic Engineering Division will continue to investigate the use of Level l treatments in mitigating the traffic concern. If the recommendation is approved, on the other hand, the Level 2 or Level 3 device will be scheduled for installation.

If, on the other hand, it is determined that the street is not eligible for the requested Level 2 or Level 3 device, the representative will be notified in writing giving the reason why the street is not eligible. The designated neighborhood representative will be given 15 days to appeal the decision in writing to the Traffic Engineering Division. Only then will the appeal be scheduled to be heard before the City Council.

If the appeal is denied, the Level 2 or Level 3 device will not be used and the Traffic Engineering Division will continue to investigate the use of Level l treatments in mitigating the traffic concern. If appeal is approved, on the other hand, the device will be scheduled for installation.

6. Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 devices will be done on a first-come first-served basis.

7. Level 2 and Level 3 devices will only be installed in conformance with the design guidelines that have been established by the City Traffic Engineer.

8. If there is subsequently a desire by residents to remove a Level 2 or Level 3 device, it will only be considered for removal after a petition requesting removal is received by the Traffic Engineering Division from property owners representing at least 70% of the properties that face directly on the block.

9. Contracts for the installation of Level 2 or Level 3 device installations will be bid semiannually. When funding runs out, improvements will be done after subsequent budgets are approved. All installations will be prioritized according to the priority scoring system established in this report.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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CITY OF SANTA CLARA
Traffic Engineering Division
PETITION FOR INSTALLATION OF LEVEL 2 AND LEVEL 3 TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES The undersigned approve/disaprove the implementation of a traffic calming measure on the following residential street:
on ____________ between _____________ and ___________ _ The undersigned have read the Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program (NTCP) installation and removal policy and fuliy understand the procedures.

All persons signing this petition do hereby certify that they reside within the area impacted .

Return petition forms to:

City of Santa Clara
Traffic Engineering Division
1500 Warburton Avenue
San ta Clara, Ca 95050
Contact person(s): __________________ Phone No(s): ___________ _ The contact person(s) will act as the facilitator(s) betwen the neighborhood residents and the Traffic Engineering Division staff. The facilitator's duties will include collection of all necessary signatures from residents.

ONLY ONE SIGNATURE ALLOWED FOR EACH ADDRESS
(Signature Required) (Signature Required)
Name (Please Print) Address Phone No. APPROVE
l.

2. 3. / /

4. " V>

5. L/"-,. "- ~A..

6. ~f'-.. "" "" / 7. / ~~//

8. ~ ~ ;>

9. < /
iO.
/"-"~
,....._

11. >

12. _:,,_

13. "'~ \ 'V

14. >

15. (~\. /'-.../

16. 17. ~~~\

18. <.. - )

19. 20.
* Level 3 devices shall not be installed on emergency response routes.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

DISAPPROVE

Page 19 ends

Criteria for Installation of Level 2 and 3 Devices
The following criteria must be met for the installation of Level 2and Level 3 devices:

1. The street shall be a two-lane local residential street where the primary function is to provide access to abutting residences. At least 75% of street section must be developed residentially, where schools and parks qualify as residential units.

2. The overall pavement shall be no more than one lane of traffic in each direction.

3. The posted speed or prima facie speed shall be 25 miles per hour or less.

4. Traffic volumes shall be greater than 1,000 and less than 3,500 veliic!es per day.

5. The 85tlt percentile speed shall exceed 33 miles per hour on 25 miles per hour streets.

6. Installation on a primary emergency response route and/or transit route shall NOT be permitted.

7. At least 70% of the impacted residents and 100% ofresidents within 100 feet of the proposed device location shall support the installation. Furthermore, 100% of all impacted residents shall be notified of the petition. The boundaries of the affected areas as well as the identification of the impacted residents will be determined by the City Traffic Engineer.

8. Installation will not be permitted where substantial diversions of traffic to other local streets may occur, i.e. move the displaced traffic onto adjacent residential streets.

9. Devices shall be located a minimum of 5 feet from driveways, manholes, drain inlet, water valves, street monumentation, and other appurtenance.

10. Devices shall he located a minimum of 25 feet from fire hydrants.

11. Devices shall be installed only where minimum safe stopping sight distance ( as defined in AASHTO's A Policy of Geometric Design of Streets) can be provided.

12. Emergency response routes (see pages 15 and 16) are not eligible _for installation of Level 3 devices.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
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Additional Criteria - Installation of Speed Humps
The following criteria must also be met for the installation of speed hump(s):

1. The street shall have adequate existing curb and gutter on each side of the street to prevent flooding in the area of the speed hump.

2. The effected street segment should be at least 600 feet in length minimum.

3. The first speed hump in a series should normally be located in a position were it can not be approached at high speed from either direction. To achieve this objective, the first hump should be located at approximately 200 feet from an intersection or a stop sign, unless decided otherwise by the City Traffic Engineer.

4. Speed humps shall not be installed within horizontal curves ofless than 300 feet centerline radius, and on vertical curves with less than the minimum safe stopping sight distance.

Humps shall be located on tangent rather than curve sections.

5. Speed humps should be located in line with or near residential property lines whenever possible.

6. Speed humps should be located near street lights when possible in order to illuminate speed humps for safe bicycle and pedestrian passageway at night.

7. Spacing between speed humps should be as even as possible in order to produce a relatively uniform speed along the entire street. Speed humps within a series should be placed from 200 to 600 feet part. Spacing should allow at least one speed hump on each block.

8. Emergency response routes (see pages 15 and 16) are not eligible for installation of speed humps.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Priority Scorinf! Svstem for Installation of Level 2 and 3 Devices In order to ensure that the City's traffic safety funding is allocated to street segments with the greatest need, a priority point system is used to rank the locations where Level 2 and 3 devices are requested. The Council-approved installations shall be ranked for installation/removal according to the following point system:
• Percent of vehicles exceeding speed limit ............................. 1 point/percentage point • Number of vehicles over 1,000 daily traffic volume ................. 1 point/100 vehicles • Number of reported speed related accidents (in last 2 years.) ...... 10 points/ accident • Vicinity to schools or parks (within 1 block) ......................... :5 points each • Percent of property owners approving installation( s) ................ 1 point/percentage point The total of the five evaluation criteria shall be ~sed to determine the prioritization of the eligible installations. The installations not funded for a specific funding cycle shall be re-evaluated and shall compete on an annual basis with any new eligible installation on a priority basis.

Conclusion
Instead of replacing current City practices, the emphasis of the Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program (NTCP) is to broaden the traffic calming options available to residents wishing to calm traffic in their neighborhoods. Many of the concerns can be resolved by utilizing current City practices (Level 1) which have consistently proven over the years to be very effective at calming traffic. Ultimately, the program will help all the parties involved in determining the suitability of alternative traffic calming treatment(s) for a given neighborhood.

Basically, traffic calming measures are aimed at counteracting the negative impacts of traffic speeding and cut-through traffic in residential areas. Some of the benefits of traffic calming devices and measures include the following: reduced vehicle speed, reduced traffic flows, improved public safety, increased comfort and mobility for non-motorized travel, reduced noise ~11d air pollution, increased street acti,lity and neighborhood interactions, and a more attractive streetscape. The NTCP can maintain and perhaps enhance the safety, cohesion, and vitality within Santa Clara's neighborhoods with appropriate applications of these treatments. In order to accompiish these objectives, the City wili work closely with neighborhoods to improve the process.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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LEVEL 1

NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC CALMING OPTIONS
Higher Visibility Crosswalks
Level 1
Description: A crosswalk incorporating striped pattern. Mid-block crosswalks are to be avoided because they are unexpected by the motorist.

Positive Aspects:
• More visible to motorists than traditional crosswalks.

Negative Aspects:
• May create a false sense of pedestrian security.
• Requires more maintenance than traditional crosswalks.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Police Enforcement
Level 1
Description: The Police Department deploys units to residential areas with reported problems to perform stepped up enforcement.

Positive Aspects:
• Reduces vehicle speeds.
• May help reduce cut-through traffic.
• Can be conducted during time periods that are deemed to be most problematic. • Impacts offenders without affecting the convenience or mobility of motorists who obey the rules of the road.

Negative Aspects:
• Without regular periodic enforcement, long-term benefits may be diminished. • The time period and frequency of enforcement is generally controlled by limited resources and other policing duties.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Special Neighborhood Signs
Level 1
Description: Special neighborhood signs alert motorist to the fact that they are entering a traffic calming area.

Positive Aspects:
• Alert motorists that they are entering traffic calming area.

Negative Aspects:
• Too many signs may become a negative aesthetic impact.

SPECIAL TRAFFIC

COMPLAINT
AREA

VIOLATORS

WILL BE
CITED

SANTA CLARA POLICE DEPARTMENT
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Speed Limit Signs and Pavement Messages
Level 1
,Description: Although all motorists are required to know the prima facie speed limit of 25 mph in a residential area, speed limit signs and pavement messages can help remind motorists of the prevailing speed limit that applies to the street.

Positive Aspects:
• Relatively inexpensive to install.
• In conjunction with regular periods of enforcement, can be effective at reducing speeds.

Negative Aspects:
~ Effecti .. veness is dependent on motorist accep~ance and amount of e11£orcement.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Speed Radar Trailer
Levell
Description: The trailer is primarily used as an educational tool. A speed radar trailer reminds motorists of the prevailing speed limit. They are also capable of measuring vehicle speeds and graphically displaying the speeds of passing vehicles. They are intended to alert motorists to the fact that they may be exceeding the speed limit.

Positive Aspects:
• Vehicle speeds may be reduced at radar trailer location. • An effective educational tool.
• Can be deployed quickly to trouble spot.

T-~o~"._:,..n -efl-----d :_ +L- ,1:~-1~v"'d sn--ds ~a- den-onsLrate L,-, .. -s1·d .. nt" t'n-' "n~=n' • • .UilL l!!!aLH.L! ! ___ ,;;;1.,u;; !!! U!c; U!::>_[Jl<l_, 1,, • } l;;I;; ,: I,; U LI ~L --- _ lv ! t::~ __ _, __ ,;:, ___ a]:; .:>, '-''--S may TIO! be as high as perceived.

Negative Aspects:
• Not an enforcement tool.
• May require temporary parking lane closure - temporarily reduces number of parking spaces Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Stop Signs
Level 1
Description: Stop signs are intended to assign the right of way at an intersection and are not to indicated be used as a technique to reduce vehicle speeds or volumes by recognized traffic engineering standards.

Positive Aspects:
• Helps pedestrians, bicyclists and motorists at the intersection decide who has the right of way.

Negative Aspects:
• When used under the wrong conditions, the installation can result in increased localized air _....._11..,,+~-- ":,..,,,..1,_ .... nhh.;+" "t-n...+c, ,:,~a,..o.~f",..... ;_ h.o.t,upo""' +r2ffi,-. rnn+rolc;:, nn;c,o ~+ +ho. rn.n+rnlta~ }JUUUL-J.Ull, jO.\..ll\..-1(1.UUU. i.1oL.0.1L.'.'.J, .'.lt-J'-''-"U.1.il.}S iii .~.H • .,L-i'Vv'v.i.i. i.i...a....L.a.J.V ••. A..JHU "lw, HVlO~ UL LU~ V'U.1.lL,.:.UU%...U. intersection, motorist disregard for the sign(s) and motorist contempt for all traffic controls. • Creates a false sense of security for pedestrians, especially children. • When not warranted, increases unnecessary delays for the approaches. • Frequently not acceptable to residents immediately adjacent to new stop sign locations. • May encourage high mid-block speeds on long blocks.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Striping Narrow Lane
Level 1
Description: Striping is used to create narrow lanes to give the impression of a narrow street that makes the motorist feel somewhat constricted.

Positive Aspects:
• Changes can be quickly implemented.
• Painted striping can be easily modified.
• Low cost to implement.

Negative Aspects:
• Requires an increase in regular maintenance. _
• There is little evidence that narrow striping will consistently reduce vehicle speeds.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
------ [JO§

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Tum Restriction Si2ns
Level 1
Description: Signs prohibiting certain turning movements to help mitigate cut-through traffic on neighborhood streets. Convenient and logical route alternatives to the prohibited movement must be provided to ensure the effectiveness of the signs: City Council can establish tum prohibitions during certain times of the day, preferably during commute work hours when excessive cutthrough traffic are likely to occur in neighborhood streets. This arrangement allows residents full accessibility during the other periods of the day.

Positive Aspects:
• Reduces vehicle volume.
* Can divert traffic to adjacent arterial streets.
• No loss of on-street parking.
• Can reduce noise pollution.
• No increase in street maintenance.
• Low cost to implement.

Negative Aspects:
• Success depends on motorist acceptance and on level of enforcement. • Without considering overall traffic circulation in area, this measure may divert traffic to adjacenr neighborhood streets.
• Limits neighborhood traffic movement.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC CALMING OPTIONS
LEVEL 2
Chicanes
Level 2
Description: Chicanes are artificial blockages on opposite sides of the street to create an Scurvature on a naturally straight street. Chicanes require vehicles to meander through the roadway alignment.

Positive Aspects:
• May slow down vehicles.
• Can be very effective in changing the initial impression of the street. • Creates space for landscaping.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and services such as garbage trucks. • • Bicyclists may feel "squeezed in" due to narrower roadway. • May require modification or reconstruction of drainage features and other utilities. • May become obstacles for motorists to drive into.
• May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • High installation cost.
• Increased maintenance.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Chokers
Level2
Description: Chokers physically narrow a street either at the intersection, at mid-block or a segment of a street by using curb extensions.

Positive Aspects:
• May reduce speeds by giving motorists the sense of limited space. • Improves motorist-pedestrian visibility of each other. • Intersection crossing distance for pedestrians is reduced. • Allows signs to be located favorably within motorists line of sight. • Creates space for landscaping.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service vehicle access. • Bicyclists may feel "squeezed in" due to narrower roadway. • May require modification or reconstruction of drainage features and other utilities. • May become obstacles for motorists to crash into.
• May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • High installation cost.
• Increased maintenance.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Gateways
Level2
Description: A gateway is a special entrance that reduces width of travel way, often implementing the use of islands. Gateways are not gates. The exact physical design of the gateway treatment will depend on existing conditions.

Positive Aspects:
• May eliminate cut-through traffic.
• Reduces speeds in the immediate vicinity.
• Reduces pedestrian crossing distance.
• Allows signs to be located favorably within motorists line of sight. • May create space for landscaping.
• May create neighborhood identity.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service vehicle access. • May divert traffic to adjacent neighborhood streets.
• May become obstacles for motorists to drive into.
• Low speed of turning vehicles may restrict traffic flow on arterial roadway. • May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • High installation cost.
• Increased maintenance.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
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Nei2hborhood Meetings
Level 2
Description: Neighborhood meetings allow residents to express their concerns. Meetings are generally held at a time and location convenient for residents to attend. The meetings would be used to identify and clarify the issues of concern.

Positive Aspects:
• Allows all residents to express their views.
• Clearly identifies issues of concerns.
• Establishes clear lines of communication between City staff and residents.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
0 n
V

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Rumble Strips
Level2
Description: Rumble strips consist of raised markers (dots, bars or grooves) installed within the travel lanes at regular intervals to create noise and vibrations in a vehicle crossing them. Rumble strips are generally not used in residential areas due to the excessive level of noise they produce.

Positive Aspects:
• Reduces vehicle speeds in first time or minimal users of the street.. • The "rumble" heightens safety by alerting drivers to unexpected conditions or notifying drivers to intended action.
• Relatively inexpensive to install, remove or modify.
• 1..;u ~u:s:s u.i'Ou-:sl,11:c;i, µa1::...ing.

Negative Aspects:
• Produces high level of noise
• Requires high maintenance.
• May not slow down repeat users of the street.
• May be objectionable to bicyclists.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Cul-De-Sac
Level 3
Description: A cul-de-sac is a physical barrier of a street at mid-block or at an intersection. Culde-sacs can be thought of as dead-end streets. Cul-de-sacs can be thought of as dead-end streets.

An adequate tum around is usually not possible. Mountable curbs should be provided to address any delay problems.

Positive Aspects:
• Eliminates through traffic volumes.
• Reduces noise and speeds in the vicinity of the closure. • Improves safety for non-motorized users.
e Creates space for landscaping.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicles, trucks and service vehicles such as garbage trucks. • May divert traffic to adjacent neighborhood streets.
• Will need adequate turning radius causing vehicles to back up when turning around. • May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • Drainage may be affected if used as a part of modification project. • High installation cost.
• Increased maintenance.
• An inconvenience for residents.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Diagonal Diverters
Level3
Description: Diagonal diverters are devices that are placed diagonally across an intersection, creating two unconnected streets.

Positive Aspects:
• Eliminates through traffic.
• Will reduce traffic volumes.
• Improves pedestrian safety.
• Reduces right of way conflicts at intersection.
• Can be designed and installed to provide for emergency vehicle access. • Creates space for iandscaping.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle routes.
• May divert traffic to adjacent neighborhood streets.
• May become obstacles for motorists to drive into.
• May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • Speed is reduced only in the immediate vicinity of diverter. • High installation cost.
• Increased maintenance
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Intersection Channelization
Level 3
Description: Channelization involves the use of raised islands at intersections designed to force traffic to make or prevent certain movements.

Positive Aspects:
• Reduces cut-through traffic.
• Allows signs to be located favorably within motorists line of sight. • Can be designed and installed for emergency vehicle access.

Negative Aspects:
c; }vfay divert traffic to adjacent neighborhood streets. • May become obstacles for motorists to drive into.
• May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • May be violated, particularly in the late evening.
• Turn restriction signs may prove to be effective enough in reducing cut-through traffic. • High installation cost.
• High maintenance cost.
0 Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Median Barrier
Level 3
Description: Physical barriers (from flexible delineator posts to k-rails or raised islands) are placed at intersections to prevent left turn movement.

Positive Aspects:
• Improves intersection safety by reducing the number of conflicting movements. • Reduces cut-through traffic.
• Allows signs to be located favorably within motorists line of sight.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service access. • May divert traffic to adjacent neighborhood streets.
• May become obstacles for motorists to drive into.
• High installation cost.
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Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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Neighborhood Meetings
Level 3
Description: Neighborhood meetings allow residents to express their concerns. Meetings are generally held at a time and location convenient for residents to attend. The meetings would be used to identify and clarify the issues of concern.

Positive Aspects:
• Allows all residents to express their views.
• Clearly identifies issues of concerns.
• Establishes clear lines of communication between City staff and residents.

Neighhorhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
nn
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Speed Humps
Level 3
Description: Speed humps or undulations are mounds of paving material that extend across the roadway. They generally have a 12-foot base and a gradual rise and fall 2.5 inches to 3.75 inches.

Positive Aspects:
• May reduce speeds.
• May divert traffic to arterial streets.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service vehicle access. s May divert traffic to adjacent neighborhood streets.
• May be hazardous to an injured patient being transported in an ambulance. • Contents of vehicles can be jarred.
• May encourage speeding between humps.
• Increase in noise adjacent to speed hump.
• Speed humps have to be reinstalled each time street is resurfaced. • Increased liability to City.
• High installation cost.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99
Speed Hump Speed Bump

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Traffic Circles
Level 3
Description: Traffic circles use raised islands placed at the center of an intersection. The approaches to the intersection are generally controlled by "yield signs." Traffic circles force left turning vehicles to travel around the raised. "Splitter islands" can be used to prevent motorists from going around the circle the wrong way
Positive Aspects:
• Significantly reduces speeds.
• Cheaper to maintain than traffic signal.
• Provides equal access to intersections for all drivers. • Creates space for landscaping.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service vehicle access. • Increases pedestrian hazard by bringing vehicles dose to crosswalks and the sidewalks. • May increase congestion in immediate area.
• May become obstacles for motorists to crash into.
• May increase right of way confusion among new users.
• Right-of-way restrictions may apply.
• May inhibit truck movements.
• Required safety signing may detract from its aesthetic quality. • High installation cost.
• Landscaping will require increased maintenance.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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TRAFFIC INFORMATION

SPEED LIMIT
WHEN WILL A LOWER SPEED LIMIT BE POSTED ON MY STREET?
A common belief is that posting a speed limit will influence drivers to drive at that speed. The facts indicate otherwise.

Research conducted in many parts of this country over a span of several decades has shown that drivers are influenced more by the appearance of the highway itself and the prevailing traffic conditions than by the posted speed limit.

California's Basic Speed Law requires that:
"No person shall drive a vehicle upon a highway· at a speed greater than is reasonable or prudent having due regard for weather, visibility, the traffic on, and the surface and width of, the highway, and in no event at a speed which endangers the safety of persons or property." Speed limits are called prima facie limits, which "on the face of it" are safe and prudent under normal conditions. Certain prima facie limits are established by law and include the 25 m.p.h. limit in business and residential districts, the 15 m.p.h. limit in alleys, at blind intersections and blind railroad crossing and a part-time 25 m.p.h. limit in school zones when children are going to and from school. These speeds are not always posted but all California motorists are required to know the basic 15 and 25 mile per hour speed laws.

Speed limits may be established by local authorities on the basis of traffic engineering surveys.

These surveys include an analysis of roadway conditions, accident records, and the prevailing speed of prudent drivers. If speed limit signs are posted for a lower limit than is needed to safely meet these conditions, many drivers will simply ignore the signs. At the same time, other drivers will stay within the posted limits. This generally increases the conflicts between faster and slower drivers, reduces the gaps in traffic which could be made safely and increases the difficulty for pedestrians to judge the speed of approaching vehicles. Studies have shown that where uniformity of speed is not maintained, accidents generally increase.

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Approved 4-27-99

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CROSSWALKS
WHEN IS A CROSSWALK UNSAFE?
Apparently, whenever it is painted on the street.

A number of years back, the city of San Diego published some startling results of a very extensive study of the relative safety of marked and unmarked crosswalks. San Diego looked at 400 intersections for five years (without signals or four-way stops) that had a marked crosswalk on one side and an unmarked crosswalk on the other. About two and one half times as many pedestrians used the marked crosswalk, but about six times as many accidents were reported in the marked crosswalks! Long Beach studies pedestrian safety for three years (1972 through 1974) and found eight times as many reported pedestrian accidents at the intersections with marked crosswalks than at those without. One explanation of this apparent contradiction of common sense is the false security pedestrians feel at the marked crosswalk. Two painted lines do not provide protection against an oncoming vehicle and the real burden of safety has to be on the pedestrian to be alert and cautious while crossing any street. A pedestrian can stop in less than three feet, while a vehicle traveling at 25 rn. p. h. will require 60 feet and at 3 5 rn. p. h. approximately l 00 feet.

The California Vehicle Code says that a crosswalk exists at all intersections unless pedestrian crossing is prohibited by signs. Some of these crosswalks are marked with painted lines, but most of them are not. Pedestrian crosswalk marking is a method of encouraging pedestrians to use a particular crossing. Such marked crossings may not be as safe as an unmarked crossing at the same location. Therefore, crosswalks should be marked only when necessary for the guidance and the control of pedestrians, to direct them to the safest of several potential routes.

Mid-block crosswalks or crosswalks between intersections are to be avoided because they are unexpected by the motorist. Pedestrians should be encouraged to cross only at intersections so that they are crossing at a location where drivers will have the expectation of pedestrians and other vehicles being around.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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BIKE LANES

WHEN ARE WE GOING TO GET SOME BIKEW AYS IN OUR
NEIGHBORHOOD?
Bikeways have raised a lot of interest in the past few years. Some cities have built separate offroad bike paths. Many more have painted bike lanes on streets. Others have installed green "Bike Route" signs without the special lanes.

The cost of both building and maintaining bikeways can be a deterrent to many city bike programs. Initial cost can range from a few dollars to paint a lane to a very large amount to build a separate path including special bridges where needed.

Before plunging into a bikeway program, a city or county should look at the total problem of bicycle operation and safety. Bike lanes and signs alone cannot solve the problem of bicycle accidents; in some places they have increased the problem by giving riders a false sense of security.

An overall bicycle safety program should include: enforcement of traffic laws; bike safety training in the schools at an early age; reminder to wear bike helmets; follow-up training every year in the schools; and involvement of the parents of minor children who violate traffic laws or exhibit dangerous riding habits. The overwhelming cause of bicycle accidents is violation of the RULES OF THE ROAD.

If these recommendations seem to be oriented toward the younger set, there is good reason. Over 70 percent of cyclists involved in accidents were violating a traffic law; over 60 percent were age 17 or under. It only makes good sense to emphasize the children in training programs, since they are the principal users of bicycles.

The bike program for your community should include three principal points:

1. Erlnraticm in r;:::.fp rining.

2. Enforcement of rules of the road.

3. Development of well-engineered bike lanes and bike paths.

This will involve the active participation of:

1. The schools.

2. The police or sheriff.

3. The traffic engineers; and, of course, you, the citizen.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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''CHILDREN AT PLAY" SIGNS
WHY WON'T THEY PUT UP "CHILDREN AT PLAY" SIGNS?
An often heard neighborhood request concerns the posting of generalized warnings signs with "SLOW - CHILDREN AT PLAY'' or other similar messages. Parental concern for the safety of children in the street near home, and a misplaced but wide spread public faith in traffic signs to provide protection often prompt these requests.

Although some other states have posted such signs widely in residential areas, no factual evidence has been presented to document their success in reducing pedestrian accidents, operating speeds or legal liability. Studies have shown that many types of signs attempting to warn of normal conditions in residential areas have failed to achieve the desired safetv benefits. If si!Zns encourage . _, _, ' parents and children to believe they have an added degree of protection, which the signs do not and cannot provide, a great disservice results.

Because of these serious considerations, California law does not recognize, and Federal Standards discourage, use of "Children at Play" signs. Specific warnings for schools, playgrounds, parks and other recreational facilities are available for use where clearly justified.

Children should not be encouraged to play within the street travelways. The sign has long been rejected since it is a direct and open suggestion that this behavior is acceptable.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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STOP SIGNS
WHY DON'T THEY PUT IN MORE STOPS SIGNS?
A stop sign is one of our most valuable and effective control devices when used at the right place and under the right conditions. It is intended to help drivers and pedestrians at an intersection decide who has the right-of-way.

One common misuse of stop signs is to arbitrarily interrupt through traffic, either by causing it to stop, or by causing such an inconvenience as to force the traffic to use other routes. Where stop signs are installed as "nuisances" or "speed breakers," there is a high incidence of intentional violation. In those locations where vehicles do stop, the speed reduction is effective only in the immediate vicinity of the stop sign, and frequently speeds are actually higher between intersections. For these reasons, it should not be·used as a speed control device.

A school crossing may look dangerous for children to use, causing parents to demand a stop sign to halt traffic. Now a vehicle which had been a problem for 3 seconds while approaching and passing the intersection becomes a problem for a much longer period. A situation of inde_cision is created as to when to cross as a pedestrian or when to start as a motorist. Normal gaps in traffic through which crossing could be made safely no longer exist. An intersection which previously was not busy now looks like a major intersection. It really isn't --- it just looks like it. It doesn't even look safer and it usually isn't.

Most drivers are reasonable and prudent with no intention of maliciously violating traffic; however, when an unreasonable restriction is imposed, it may result in flagrant violations. In such cases, the stop sign can create a false sense of security in a pedestrian and an attitude of contempt in a motorist. These two attitudes can and often do conflict with tragic results.

Well-developed, nationally recognized guidelines help to indicate when such controls become necessary. These guidelines take into consideration, among other things, the probability of vehicles arriving at an intersection at the same time, the length of time traffic must wait to enter and the availability of safe crossing opportunities.

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Approved 4-27-99

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TRAFFIC SIGNALS

DOES SOMEBODY HA VE TO BE KILLED BEFORE A TRAFFIC SIGNAL WILL BE INSTALLED?
Traffic signals do not always prevent accidents. They are not always an asset to traffic control.

In some instances, total accidents and severe injuries increased after signals were installed.

Usually, in such instances, right angle collisions were reduced by the traffic signals, but the total number of collisions, especially the rear-end type, increased.

There are times when the installation of signals results in an increase in pedestrian accidents.

Many pedestrians feel secure with a painted crosswalk and a red light between them and an approaching vehicle. The n10torists, on the other hand, is not always so quick to recognize. these "barriers."
When can a traffic signal be an asset instead of a liability to safety? In order to answer this, traffic engineers have to ask and answer a series of questions:

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

Are there so many cars on both streets that signal controls are necessary to clear up the confusion or relive the congestion?
Is the traffic on the mains street so heavy that drivers on the side street will try to cross when it is unsafe?
Are there so many pedestrians trying to cross a busy main street that confusing, congested or hazardous conditions result?
Are there so many school children trying to cross the street at the same time that they need special controls for their protection? If so, is a traffic signal the best solution? Are signals at this location going to help drivers maintain a uniform pace along the route without stopping unnecessarily?
Does the collision history indicate that signal controls will reduce the probability of collisions?
Is there a combination of the above conditions which indicates that a signal will be an improvement rather than detriment?
To aid them in answering these questions, engineers compare the existing conditions against nationally accepted minimum guidelines. These guidelines (often called "Warrants") were established from many observations at intersections throughout the country by experienced traffic engineers. Where the guidelines were met, the signals generally were operating effectively with good public compliance. Where the guidelines were not met, public compliance was reduced, and • additional hazards resulted.

A traffic signal that decrease accidents and improves the flow of traffic is an asset to any community. On the other hand, an ill-advised or poorly designed signal can be a source of danger and annoyance to all who use the intersection; pedestrians, bicyclists and drivers alike.

Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

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ATTACHMENT 3
Criteria for Installation of Level 2 and 3 Devices
The following criteria must be met for the installation of Level 2and Level 3 devices:

2. The overall pavement shall be no more than one lane of traffic in each direction.

3. The posted speed or prima facie speed shall be 25 miles per hour or less.

4. Traffic volumes shall be greater than 1,000 and less than 3,500 veJ.,icles per day.

5. The 85tlt percentile speed shall exceed 33 miles per hour on 25 miles per hour streets.

6. Installation on a primary emergency response route and/or transit route shall NOT be permitted.

8. Installation will not be permitted where substantial diversions of traffic to other local streets may occur, i.e. move the displaced traffic onto adjacent residential streets.

9. Devices shall be located a minimum of 5 feet from driveways, manholes, drain inlet, water valves, street monumentation, and other appurtenance.

10. Devices shall he located a minimum of 25 feet from fire hydrants.

11. Devices shall be installed only where minimum safe stopping sight distance (as defined in AASHTO's A Policy of Geometric Design of Streets) can be provided.

12. Emergency response routes (see pages 15 and 16) are not eligible _for installation of Level 3 devices.

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Approved 4-27-99

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ATTACHMENT 4
Additional Criteria - Installation of Speed Humps
The following criteria must also be met for the installation of speed hump(s):

1. The street shall have adequate existing curb and gutter on each side of the street to prevent flooding in the area of the speed hump.

2. The effected street segment should be at least 600 feet in length minimum.

4. Speed humps shall not be installed within horizontal curves ofless than 300 feet centerline radius, and on vertical curves with less than the minimum safe stopping sight distance.

Humps shall be located on tangent rather than curve sections.

5. Speed humps should be located in line with or near residential property lines whenever possible.

6. Speed humps should be located near street lights when possible in order to illuminate speed humps for safe bicycle and pedestrian passageway at night.

8. Emergency response routes (see pages 15 and 16) are not eligible for installation of speed humps.

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Approved 4-27-99

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Department of Public Works - Traffic Engineering
1500 Warburton Avenue ł Santa Clara, CA 95050 ł Phone: 408-615-3000 ł Fax: 408-985-7936 ł www.SantaClaraCA.gov May
, 2025
RE: Traffic Calming on Harold Avenue Between Forest Avenue and Stevens Creek Boulevard Dear Property Owner or Current Occupant:

The purpose of this letter is to notify you about, and request your feedback on, the proposed traffic calming measures along Harold Avenue between Forest Avenue and Stevens Creek Boulevard. As property owners or occupants on Harold Avenue, it is important that we receive your feedback because the proposed traffic calming devices may affect frontage to your property and neighborhood.

The City of Santa Clara Department of Public Works held two Community meetings, on October 30, 2024 and February 27, 2025, to present a traffic safety study completed for the South of Forest Neighborhood.

During these meetings, City staff shared traffic data, discussed existing conditions and prior improvements, presented sample illustrations of potential traffic calming measures, and received community feedback.

A project website URL and QR code are provided at the end of this letter, where you may view the presentations, recordings of the meetings, and supplemental information.

The City is planning on moving forward with the following improvements along Harold Avenue:
x Pedestrian safety signage and markings at Harold Avenue and Forest Avenue. x Curb extensions on the northwest and northeast corners of Harold Avenue and Forest Avenue. o Note: These curb extensions will be constructed using pavement striping and plastic channelizers.
x Intersection visibility analysis at Harold Avenue and Forest Avenue The City will not be moving forward with the following improvements along Harold Avenue:
x All-way stop at Harold Avenue and Forest Avenue, as the intersection does not meet the criteria for an all-way stop under State and Federal Standards.
x Traffic Circle at Harold Avenue and Forest Avenue, as the intersection cannot accommodate a traffic circle due to the existing curb extensions. These curb extensions will not be removed, as pedestrian safety was a key concern raised by the neighborhood, and curb extensions are generally considered to offer greater visibility and protection than a traffic circle for this intersection.

With the survey attached to this letter, the City is requesting your feedback on the following mid-block traffic calming measures:
x Chokers (Level 2) (Recommended by City)
x Speed humps (Level 3) (Suggested by Community)
x Vehicle speed feedback signs (Level 1) (Recommended by City) $77$&+0(17
City of
Santa Clara
The Center of What's Possible
Department of Public Works - Traffic Engineering
1500 Warburton Avenue ł Santa Clara, CA 95050 ł Phone: 408-615-3000 ł Fax: 408-985-7936 ł www.SantaClaraCA.gov Please note that the Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program requires 100 percent concurrence from residents within 100 feet of Level 2 or 3 devices. If 100 percent concurrence is not met for a device, the device will not be installed. If 100 percent concurrence is met for a Level 2 or 3 device, City staff will schedule a City Council meeting for discussion and approval. Residents will be notified in advance of the scheduled meeting.

Prior to completing the attached survey, please make sure you have read and fully understood both the positive and negative aspects of the traffic calming measures. Also, review the conceptual drawings, be aware that on-street parking may need to be removed, and take note of the visual characteristics of a vehicle speed feedback sign.

Please complete and return the attached survey to indicate your position by May , 2025. The survey may be mailed via the prepaid envelope included in this mailing or emailed to [email protected]
Sincerely,
Steve Chan, T.E.

Traffic Manager
Department of Public Works

ATTACHMENTS
x Positive and Negative Aspects of Chokers
x Positive and Negative Aspects of Speed Humps
x Conceptual Placement of Chokers or Speed Humps
x Speed Hump Detail Drawing
x Sample Vehicle Speed Feedback Sign Installation
x Survey Response Form
x Pre-addressed Pre-paid Return Envelope
www.SantaClaraCA.gov/SOFN
p.p.

City of
Santa Clara
The Center of What's Possible
Picture is for illustration purposes only
(On-street parking removal is required)
Chokers
Level2
Description: Chokers physically narrow a street either at the intersection, at mid-block or a segment of a street by using curb extensions.

Negative Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service vehicle access. • Bicyclists may feel "squeezed inn due to narrower roadway. • May require modification or reconstruction of drainage features and other utilities. • May become obstacles for motorists to crash into.
• May require part or all of on-street parking removal. • High installation cost.
• Increased maintenance.

Neighborhood. Traffic Calming Program
Approved 4-27-99

Page 34 ends

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Picture is for illustration purposes only.

Photo taken at Briarwood Drive, Santa Clara, CA
On-street parking is not impacted.

Speed Hump
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS – TRAFFIC ENGINEERING DIVISION 1500 Warburton Ave, Santa Clara, CA 95050 www.santaclaraca.govTEL: 408.615.3000 FAX: 408-983-0931 EMAIL: [email protected]

CONCEPTUAL PLACEMENT OF CHOKERS OR SPEED HUMPS

HAROLD AVENUE

STEVENS CREEK BOULEVARD

FOREST AVENUE
Proposed locaƟons of
Chokers or Speed Humps

1. Chokers will require on-street parking removal. Dimensions of chokers will be unique to each locaƟon but will be no more than 8 feet wide and 30 feet in length.

2. Speed humps will not require on-street parking removal. Dimensions of speed humps may be found on the Speed Hump Detail Drawing.

3. Chokers and Speed humps shall be placed a minimum of 5 feet from driveways, manholes, drain inlets, water valves, street monuments, and other appurtenance. 337’ 670’ 293’

FACE OF CURB
SCALE: N. T. S. 3 3
SPEED HUMP'(6,*1
CL JUL 2020
NC JUL 2020

TYPICAL SPEED HUMP DETAIL

SHEET OF
TRACING No.

PROJECT No. CE ACCOUNT No.

DATE No. REVISION BY

DATE TITLE APPROVED BY
R.C.E. No.

CITY OF SANTA CLARA

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

STRIPING LEGEND
1 STATE DETAIL 1
2 STATE DETAIL 2
3 STATE DETAIL 9
4 STATE DETAIL 12
5 STATE DETAIL 21
6 STATE DETAIL 22
7 STATE DETAIL 25
8 STATE DETAIL 27B
9 STATE DETAIL 31
10 STATE DETAIL 32
11 STATE DETAIL 37
12 STATE DETAIL 38
13 STATE DETAIL 38B
14 STATE DETAIL 39
15 STATE DETAIL 39A
16 STATE DETAIL 40
17 STATE DETAIL 40A
18 STATE DETAIL 41
19 12" WHITE
20 12" YELLOW
21 24" WHITE
22 YIELD LINE
23 BIKE LANE ARROW AND SYMBOL WITH PERSON
24 PAVEMENT MARKING PER CALTRANS A24A TO A24E
K:\Draft\AutoCAD\City Dwg Template\D-Size Project\Cover Sheet Blocks\SC_Seal_rgb.jpg 1'
12'

2.7"

2.9"

3.0"

2.3"

1.7"

0.9"

FACE OF GUTTER
34' 2'
1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
2'

CENTER OF ROADWAY

CENTER OF SPEED HUMP
5'
6'
6'1'
1'

CENTER OF TRAVEL LANE
20' 18' 16' 14' 12' 10' 8' 2'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
1'
12-INCH WHITE PAVEMENT MARKINGS
PER CaMUTCD FIGURE 3B-31

FACE OF CURB
PER CaMUTCD FIGURE
3B-29, OPTION A
1' 1'
TAPER
I I I I •
B

SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B
- L J

SAMPLE VEHICLE SPEED FEEDBACK SIGN INSTALLATION
Monroe Street & Machado Avenue
Please note a 6-foot-deep foundation is required for the pole and a 2-foot by 2-foot concrete pad behind the sidewalk is required.

Install:
• Foundation for Type 1 B
pole (2.5 ft wide, 6 ft deep)
• Housekeeping pad on top of --------.. ~ ..... ·._- .. -~ --. ,-~r~~ --- foundation (2 ft x 2 ft) • Type 1 B pole (16 ft tall)
• Solar powered speed
feedback sign and solar
panel
• R2-1 (25) sign
DĂǇϵ, 2025

SURVEY RESPONSE FORM
For City’s Intent to Install Traffic Calming Measures Along Harold Avenue Between Forest and Stevens Creek Boulevard By completing and signing this form, you are confirming that you have read and fully understand the potential positive and negative impacts for the traffic calming measures you are voting for. Please select one choice for each section below:

A. Installation of chokers (Level 2) and necessary on-street parking removal along Harold Avenue at the proposed locations.

Yes, I support the proposed installation above.

No, I do not support the proposed installation above.

B. Installation of speed humps (Level 3) along Harold Avenue at the proposed locations.

Yes, I support the proposed installation above.

No, I do not support the proposed installation above.

C. Installation of permanent vehicle speed feedback sign (Level 1) which may abut to my property line.

Yes, I support the proposed installation above.

No, I do not support the proposed installation above.

Note: Additional details and information on potential positive and negative aspects of traffic calming measures proposed are provided in the letter this survey was delivered with.

ADDRESS NUMBER AND STREET NAME

SIGNATURE DATE

PRINTED NAME PHONE NUMBER OR EMAIL
If you have any comments, please provide them here (Use additional pages as needed):

Please return the survey response by Friday, May , 2025 in theSUepaid envelope or by email to [email protected] Department of Public Works - Traffic Engineering
1500 Warburton Avenue ł Santa Clara, CA 95050 ł Phone: 408-615-3000 ł Fax: 408-985-7936 ł www.SantaClaraCA.gov July 21, 2025
RE: Traffic Calming on Harold Avenue Between Forest Avenue and Stevens Creek Boulevard Dear Property Owner or Current Occupant:

The City of Santa Clara’s Department of Public Works issued letters and surveys in May and June of 2025 to obtain your position on three proposed traffic calming alternatives on Harold Avenue. The result of this survey indicates that the Community does not support chokers, and instead supports speed humps. However, staff found that the proposed location for the speed hump nearest to Forest Avenue did not receive 100% support from property owners within 100 feet of the device.

The purpose of this letter is to propose an alternative location for the speed hump and have the Community vote on the two proposed locations. Staff completed a detailed analysis of Harold Avenue and the two proposed locations in this survey are the only two locations that can accommodate a speed hump nearest to Forest Avenue. To assist with this vote and provide a visual for residents, staff will identify the locations of the speed humps along Harold Avenue.

As property owners or occupants on Harold Avenue, it is important that we receive your feedback because the proposed traffic calming devices may affect frontage to your property and neighborhood. If 100% consensus is not obtained for either of the two locations, Staff will present the findings to City Council for discussion and approval. Residents will be notified in advance of the City Council meeting.

Prior to completing the attached survey, please make sure you have read and fully understood the proposed locations of the speed humps, and both the positive and negative aspects of the traffic calming measures.

Please complete and return the attached survey to indicate your position by August 8, 2025. The survey may be mailed via the prepaid envelope included in this mailing or emailed to [email protected]
Sincerely,
Steve Chan, T.E.

Traffic Manager
Department of Public Works
Enclosures
p.p.
www.SantaClaraCA.gov/SOFN
City of
Santa Clara
The Center of What's Possible
Picture is for illustration purposes only.

Photo taken at Briarwood Drive, Santa Clara, CA
On-street parking is not impacted.

Positive Aspects:
• May reduce peeds.
• May divert traffic to arterial streets.

Negativ~ Aspects:
• Impedes emergency vehicle, truck and other service vehicle access. o May divert tiaffic to adjacent neighborhood s~eets.
• May be hazardous to an injured patient being transported in an ambulance. • Contents of vehicles can be jarred.
• May encourage speeding between humps.
• Increase in noise adjacent to speed hump.
• Speed humps have to be reinstalled each time street is resurfaced. • Increased liability to City.
• High installation cost.

Speed Hump Speed Bump
Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program Page 44
Approved 4-27-99

FACE OF CURB
SCALE: N. T. S. 3 3
SPEED HUMP'(6,*1
CL JUL 2020
NC JUL 2020

TYPICAL SPEED HUMP DETAIL

SHEET OF
TRACING No.

PROJECT No. CE ACCOUNT No.

DATE No. REVISION BY

DATE TITLE APPROVED BY
R.C.E. No.

CITY OF SANTA CLARA

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

2.7"

2.9"

3.0"

2.3"

1.7"

0.9"

FACE OF GUTTER
34' 2'
1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
2'

CENTER OF ROADWAY

CENTER OF SPEED HUMP
5'
6'
6'1'
1'

CENTER OF TRAVEL LANE
20' 18' 16' 14' 12' 10' 8' 2'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
1'
12-INCH WHITE PAVEMENT MARKINGS
PER CaMUTCD FIGURE 3B-31

FACE OF CURB
PER CaMUTCD FIGURE
3B-29, OPTION A
1' 1'
TAPER
I I I I •
B

SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B
- L J
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS – TRAFFIC ENGINEERING DIVISION 1500 Warburton Ave, Santa Clara, CA 95050 www.santaclaraca.gov TEL: 408.615.3000 FAX: 408-983-0931 EMAIL: [email protected]

CONCEPTUAL PLACEMENT OF SPEED HUMPS

HAROLD AVENUE

STEVENS CREEK BOULEVARD

FOREST AVENUE
Proposed locaƟons of
Chokers or Speed Humps
ϭ͘ Speed humps will not require on-street parking removal. Dimensions of speed humps may be found on the Speed Hump Detail Drawing.

Ϯ͘ Chokers and Speed humps shall be placed a minimum of 5 feet from driveways, manholes, drain inlets, water valves, street monuments, and other appurtenance. 337’ 670’ 293’
’ ’ ’
A B
City of Santa Clara
.c::::::i, c:::::l = c::::u::::::::i I c::::::i
I
July 21, 2025

A. Installation of speed humps (Level 3) along Harold Avenue at LOCATION A.

Yes, I support the proposed installation above.

No, I do not support the proposed installation above.

B. Installation of speed humps (Level 3) along Harold Avenue at LOCATION B.

Yes, I support the proposed installation above.

No, I do not support the proposed installation above.

Note: Additional details and information on potential positive and negative aspects of traffic calming measures proposed are provided in the letter this survey was delivered with.

ADDRESS NUMBER AND STREET NAME

SIGNATURE DATE

PRINTED NAME PHONE NUMBER OR EMAIL
If you have any comments, please provide them here (Use additional pages as needed):

Please return the survey response by Friday, August 8, 2025 in the prepaid envelope or by email to [email protected] +DUROG$YHQXH
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I
City of Santa Clara
Agenda Report
1500 Warburton Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95050
santaclaraca.gov
@SantaClaraCity
26-17230 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026

REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL, STADIUM AUTHORITY BOARD, SPORTS AND OPEN

SPACE AUTHORITY BOARD, AND HOUSING AUTHORITY BOARD

SUBJECT
Action on Four Resolutions Delegating Authority to the City Manager/Executive Director, Director of Human Resources, and Risk Manager or their designees to Act on Behalf of the City of Santa Clara, Santa Clara Stadium Authority, Sports and Open Space Authority, and Housing Authority, with Regard to Official Matters of the Public Risk Innovation, Solution and Management Joint Powers Authority

BACKGROUND
In 2004, the City of Santa Clara joined the California State Association of Counties Excess Insurance Authority (“CSAC EIA”) for procurement of insurance and risk management services. CSAC EIA rebranded in March 2020, changing the organization’s name to Public Risk Innovation, Solutions, and Management (PRISM). Initially, the City participated in PRISM’s excess workers’ compensation and general liability programs but has since extended its participation to PRISM’s employee benefit offerings. Presently, PRISM programs cover the City of Santa Clara as well as the City of Santa Clara Stadium Authority, the City of Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority, and the Santa Clara Housing Authority.

Member organizations collectively establish and oversee the governance of PRISM. To ensure that individuals are authorized to act on behalf of their respective entities, PRISM, requires the governing board of all member entities to officially designate a representative or representatives, either individuals or positions that have authority to officially act on behalf of their entity. Resolution No. 10- 7767 adopted on August 31, 2010, delegated to the City Manager the authority to act on behalf of the City of Santa Clara with regard to official matters relating to being a member of CSAC EIA.

DISCUSSION
PRISM is a member-directed risk sharing pool of public agencies that was originally formed to serve California counties (Counties). Currently, fifty-four of fifty-eight Counties are members of PRISM, and all Counties are members of the PRISM Board of Directors. In 2001, PRISM began accepting noncounty public agencies, referred to as Public Entity members. Public Entity members such as the City of Santa Clara have a limited voice in the governance of PRISM.

PRISM is in the process of updating its governance documents to better reflect the current composition of its overall membership. Adoption of the proposed changes is anticipated at PRISM’s Board of Directors (Board) meeting in March 2026. The proposed revisions to PRISM’s governance documents are intended to increase Public Entity member participation by (a) doubling the number of Public Entity members on the PRISM Board from 10 to 20; (b) eliminating the provision that County members comprise a minimum of 80 percent of the PRISM Board; and (c) eliminating the restriction that Public Entity members can have no more than two seats on the PRISM Executive Committee.

City of Santa Clara Page 1 of 3 Printed on 3/6/2026
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26-17230 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026
The proposed resolution does not change current City operations or procedures but serves as an administrative update to allow the City’s Director of Human Resources, and Risk Manager, in addition to the City Manager, to participate in PRISM’s governance. The City’s insurance broker Alliant Insurance Services, Inc., has advised that most PRISM members have adopted resolutions where multiple staff roles are authorized to act on official matters related to PRISM.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The action being considered does not constitute a “project” within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15378(a) as it has no potential for resulting in either a direct physical change in the environment, or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment.

FISCAL IMPACT
There is no economic or fiscal impact other than administrative time and expense.

COORDINATION
This report was coordinated with the City Manager’s Office and Human Resources Department.

PUBLIC CONTACT
Public contact was made by posting the Council agenda on the City’s official-notice bulletin board outside City Hall Council Chambers. A complete agenda packet is available on the City’s website and in the City Clerk’s Office at least 72 hours prior to a Regular Meeting and 24 hours prior to a Special Meeting. A hard copy of any agenda report may be requested by contacting the City Clerk’s Office at (408) 615-2220, email [email protected] or at the public information desk at any City of Santa Clara public library.

RECOMMENDATION
Approve four Resolutions, as follows:

1. City of Santa Clara Resolution Delegating Authority to the City Manager, Director of Human Resources, and Risk Manager or their designees to Act on Behalf of the City of Santa Clara with Regard to Official Matters of the Public Risk Innovation, Solution and Management Joint Powers Authority;

2. Santa Clara Stadium Authority Resolution Delegating Authority to the Executive Director or his designee(s) to Act on Behalf of the Santa Clara Stadium Authority with Regard to Official Matters of the Public Risk Innovation, Solution and Management Joint Powers Authority;

3. City of Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority Resolution Delegating Authority to the Contract Administrator or his designee(s) to Act on Behalf of the City of Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority with Regard to Official Matters of the Public Risk Innovation, Solution and Management Joint Powers Authority; and

4. Santa Clara Housing Authority Resolution Delegating Authority to the Executive Director or his designee(s) to Act on Behalf of the Santa Clara Housing Authority with Regard to Official Matters of the Public Risk Innovation, Solution and Management Joint Powers Authority.

Reviewed by: Glen Googins, City Attorney
Approved by: Jovan Grogan, City Manager

ATTACHMENTS
City of Santa Clara Page 2 of 3 Printed on 3/6/2026
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26-17230 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026

1. Draft Resolution (City Council)

2. Draft Resolution (Santa Clara Stadium Authority)

3. Draft Resolution (Sports and Open Space Authority)

4. Draft Resolution (Housing Authority)
City of Santa Clara Page 3 of 3 Printed on 3/6/2026
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Resolution/PRISM Delegation - City Page 1 of 2
Rev: 7/27/2023
RESOLUTION NO. _____ (CITY)

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA

DELEGATING AUTHORITY TO THE CITY MANAGER TO ACT ON

BEHALF OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA WITH REGARD TO

OFFICIAL MATTERS OF PRISM
WHEREAS, the City is a member of the Public Risk Innovation, Solutions, and Management Joint Powers Authority (PRISM) for insurance and risk management services; WHEREAS, PRISM has determined that it is necessary for each member entity of the Authority to designate a person or position to whom authority is delegated to act on the member entity’s behalf in matters relating to its membership in PRISM;
WHEREAS, except as to those actions that must be approved by the City Council of the City of Santa Clara, such delegation of authority is necessary in order to carry out the purposes and functions of PRISM with its members; and,
WHEREAS, the City Council therefore deems it to be in the best interest of the City to delegate authority as set forth below.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA AS FOLLOWS:

1. That except as to actions that must be approved by the City Council of the City of Santa Clara, the following City positions are hereby delegated authority to act on behalf of the City of Santa Clara with regard to official matters relating to its membership in PRISM, and coverages provided thereunder: City Manager, Human Resources Director, Risk Manager, and their respective designee(s).

2. Effective date. This resolution shall become effective immediately.

I HEREBY CERTIFY THE FOREGOING TO BE A TRUE COPY OF A RESOLUTION PASSED

AND ADOPTED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA, AT A REGULAR MEETING THEREOF HELD ON THE ___ DAY OF _________, 2026, BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:

AYES: COUNCILORS:

NOES: COUNCILORS:

Resolution/PRISM Delegation - City Page 2 of 2
Rev: 7/27/2023
ABSENT: COUNCILORS:

ABSTAINED: COUNCILORS:

ATTEST: ______________________________

NORA PIMENTEL, MMC

ASSISTANT CITY CLERK

CITY OF SANTA CLARA
Attachments incorporated by reference: None
Santa Clara Stadium Authority Resolution/ PRISM Delegation - SCSA Page 1 of 2 Rev: 7/27/2023
RESOLUTION NO. _____ (STADIUM AUTHORITY)

A RESOLUTION OF THE SANTA CLARA STADIUM

AUTHORITY DELEGATING AUTHORITY TO THE EXECUTIVE

DIRECTOR TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE STADIUM

AUTHORITY WITH REGARD TO OFFICIAL MATTERS OF
PRISM
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Clara is a member of the Public Risk Innovation, Solutions, and Management Joint Powers Authority (PRISM) for insurance and risk management services, which extends coverage to the City’s associated entities including the Santa Clara Stadium Authority; WHEREAS, PRISM has determined that it is necessary for each of its member entities (and their associated covered entities) to designate a person or position to whom authority is delegated to act on the member entity’s behalf in matters relating to its membership in PRISM; and, WHEREAS, except as to those actions that must be approved by the Santa Clara Stadium Authority Board, such delegation of authority is necessary in order to carry out the purposes and functions of PRISM with its members; and,
WHEREAS, the Santa Clara Stadium Authority Board therefore deems it to be in the best interest of the Stadium Authority to delegate authority as set forth below.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE SANTA CLARA STADIUM AUTHORITY AS FOLLOWS:

1. That except as to actions that must be approved by the Santa Clara Stadium Authority Board, the following positions are hereby delegated authority to act on behalf of the Santa Clara Stadium Authority with regard to official matters relating to its membership in PRISM, and coverages provided thereunder: Executive Director and his/her designee(s).

2. Effective date. This resolution shall become effective immediately.

I HEREBY CERTIFY THE FOREGOING TO BE A TRUE COPY OF A RESOLUTION PASSED

AND ADOPTED BY THE SANTA CLARA STADIUM AUTHORITY, AT A REGULAR MEETING THEREOF HELD ON THE ___ DAY OF _________, 2026, BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:

AYES: BOARD MEMBERS:

Santa Clara Stadium Authority Resolution/ PRISM Delegation - SCSA Page 2 of 2 Rev: 7/27/2023
NOES: BOARD MEMBERS:

ABSENT: BOARD MEMBERS:

ABSTAINED: BOARD MEMBERS:

ATTEST:
____________________________________________

NORA PIMENTEL, MMC

SECRETARY OF THE STADIUM AUTHORITY

SANTA CLARA STADIUM AUTHORITY
Attachments incorporated by reference: None
Resolution/PRISM Delegation - SOSA Page 1 of 2
Rev: 7/27/2023
RESOLUTION NO. __________(SOSA)

A RESOLUTION OF THE SPORTS AND OPEN SPACE

AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA,

DELEGATING AUTHORITY TO THE CONTRACT

ADMINISTRATOR TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE SPORTS AND

OPEN SPACE AUTHORITY WITH REGARD TO OFFICIAL

MATTERS OF PRISM
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Clara is a member of the Public Risk Innovation, Solutions, and Management Joint Powers Authority (PRISM) for insurance and risk management services, which extends coverage to the City’s associated entities including the Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority;
WHEREAS, PRISM has determined that it is necessary for each of its member entities (and their associated covered entities) to designate a person or position to whom authority is delegated to act on the member entity’s behalf in matters relating to its membership in PRISM; and, WHEREAS, except as to those actions that must be approved by the Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority Board, such delegation of authority is necessary in order to carry out the purposes and functions of PRISM with its members; and,
WHEREAS, the Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority Board therefore deems it to be in the best interest of the Sports and Open Space Authority to delegate authority as set forth below.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE SPORTS AND OPEN SPACE AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA AS FOLLOWS:

1. That except as to actions that must be approved by the Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority Board, the following positions are hereby delegated authority to act on behalf of the Santa Clara Sports and Open Space Authority with regard to official matters relating to its membership in PRISM, and coverages provided thereunder: Contract Administrator and his/her designee(s).

2. Effective date. This resolution shall become effective immediately.

I HEREBY CERTIFY THE FOREGOING TO BE A TRUE COPY OF A RESOLUTION PASSED AND Resolution/PRISM Delegation - SOSA Page 2 of 2
Rev: 7/27/2023

ADOPTED BY THE SPORTS AND OPEN SPACE AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA, AT A REGULAR MEETING THEREOF HELD ON THE __ DAY OF ________, 2026 BY THE FOLLOWING VOTES:

AYES: AUTHORITY BOARD MEMBERS:

NOES: AUTHORITY BOARD MEMBERS:

ABSENT: AUTHORITY BOARD MEMBERS:

ABSTAINED: AUTHORITY BOARD MEMBERS:

ATTEST: _______________________________

NORA PIMENTEL, MMC

SECRETARY OF THE SPORTS AND

OPEN SPACE AUTHORITY OF THE

CITY OF SANTA CLARA
Attachments incorporated by reference: None
Housing Authority Resolution/PRISM Delegation - HA Page 1 of 2 Rev: 7/27/2023
RESOLUTION NO. _____ (HA)

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA HOUSING

AUTHORITY DELEGATING AUTHORITY TO THE EXECUTIVE

DIRECTOR TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE HOUSING AUTHORITY

WITH REGARD TO OFFICIAL MATTERS OF PRISM
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Clara is a member of the Public Risk Innovation, Solutions, and Management Joint Powers Authority (PRISM) for insurance and risk management services, which extends coverage to the City’s associated entities including the Santa Clara Housing Authority; WHEREAS, PRISM has determined that it is necessary for each of its member entities (and their associated covered entities) to designate a person or position to whom authority is delegated to act on the member entity’s behalf in matters relating to its membership in PRISM; and, WHEREAS, except as to those actions that must be approved by the Santa Clara Housing Authority Commission, such delegation of authority is necessary in order to carry out the purposes and functions of PRISM with its members; and,
WHEREAS, the Santa Clara Housing Authority Commission therefore deems it to be in the best interest of the Housing Authority to delegate authority as set forth below.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA HOUSING AUTHORITY AS FOLLOWS:

1. That except as to actions that must be approved by the Santa Clara Housing Authority Commission, the following positions are hereby delegated authority to act on behalf of the Housing Authority with regard to official matters relating to its membership in PRISM, and coverages provided thereunder: Executive Director and his/her designee(s).

2. Effective date. This resolution shall become effective immediately.

I HEREBY CERTIFY THE FOREGOING TO BE A TRUE COPY OF A RESOLUTION PASSED AND

ADOPTED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA HOUSING AUTHORITY, AT A REGULAR MEETING THEREOF HELD ON THE ___ DAY OF _________, 2026, BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:

AYES: COMMISSIONERS:

Housing Authority Resolution/PRISM Delegation - HA Page 2 of 2 Rev: 7/27/2023
NOES: COMMISSIONERS:

ABSENT: COMMISSIONERS:

ABSTAINED: COMMISSIONERS:

ATTEST: _________________________________________

NORA PIMENTEL, MMC

ASSISTANT CITY CLERK

CITY OF SANTA CLARA
Attachments incorporated by reference: None
City of Santa Clara
Agenda Report
1500 Warburton Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95050
santaclaraca.gov
@SantaClaraCity
26-85 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026

REPORT TO COUNCIL

SUBJECT
Action to Approve the Annual Military Equipment Report, and Adopt a Resolution Making Required Findings and Renewing Santa Clara City Code Section 2.80.080, Allowing for the Continued Use of the Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition and Use Policy Pursuant to Assembly Bill 481

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report presents the annual review of the Police Department’s Military Equipment Use Policy required under California Assembly Bill 481 (AB 481), including a summary of military equipment inventory, use, costs, compliance, and community input during the reporting period.

BACKGROUND
On September 30, 2021, Governor Gavin Newsom signed AB 481, establishing enhanced transparency, accountability, and public oversight requirements related to the funding, acquisition, and use of certain law enforcement equipment defined in the bill as “military equipment” under California Government Code sections 7070-7072. AB 481 requires law enforcement agencies to obtain annual approval from their governing body prior to the acquisition or use of military equipment and to adopt a publicly available Military Equipment Use Policy.

Prior to the enactment of AB 481, decisions regarding the acquisition of equipment were presented to the City Council either at a high level through the regular budget process or, when warranted by factors such as cost or funding source, through a more detailed Report to City Council. In all cases, procurement followed the City’s established purchasing procedures and/or applicable grant requirements.

With the adoption of the Police Department’s Military Equipment Policy (Police Department Policy 706), this prior practice is superseded for items classified as Military Equipment, as defined under State law. For such items, approval must be obtained from the City Council through the annual AB 481 review process before the City proceeds with procurement under its purchasing procedures and/or applicable grant requirements for non-consumable equipment.

The City Council initially approved the Santa Clara Police Department’s Military Equipment Use Policy and adopted Santa Clara City Code section 2.80.080 on March 8, 2022, with subsequent annual renewals on May 23, 2023, April 24, 2024, and March 11, 2025. The proposed action constitutes the required annual review and renewal for calendar year 2025.

On January 13, 2026 (first reading), and January 27, 2026 (second reading), the City Council approved updates to Section 2.80.080 of the City Code (RTC 26-1710 & RTC 26-69) to require renewal of the Ordinance by Resolution.

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AB 481 further requires law enforcement agencies to submit an Annual Military Equipment Use Report to the governing body detailing equipment inventory, use, oversight, fiscal impact, and community feedback. Approval of the annual report and renewal of the Ordinance are required for the Police Department to continue to fund, acquire, and use qualifying military equipment.

DISCUSSION
Pursuant to California Government Code section 7072, the Annual Military Equipment Use Report must be submitted to the governing body for approval, published on the Department’s website to ensure public access and transparency, and include the following information for each type of military equipment:
· A summary of how the military equipment was used and the purpose of its use. · A summary of any complaints or concerns, received concerning the military equipment. · The results of any internal audits, any violations of the Military Equipment Use Policy, and actions taken in response.
· The total annual cost for each type of military equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, maintenance, and ongoing costs, and the source of funding. · The quantity possessed for each type of military equipment. · Any anticipated acquisitions of military equipment in the following year.

It is important that the reporting and review process ensure a high level of transparency, accessibility, and public notice, and that community engagement occurs in a manner that allows the City Council to meaningfully consider public input when evaluating the continued funding, acquisition, and use of military equipment.

Consistent with these objectives, the Santa Clara Police Department published the Annual Report on the City website on January 16, 2026, and shared the information through GovDelivery (subscription email) and Department social media platforms. A summary of the 2025 Annual Military Equipment Use Report was presented at a well-publicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting on January 26, 2026 to allow for public discussion of the report. Public comments included the following:
· Request for additional details regarding Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) usage within the Department’s published Drone Activity Log.
· Encouragement for the Department to evaluate alternatives to AR-15 rifles to reduce the risk of serious injury while maintaining public safety.

On January 30, 2026, the Police Department posted an updated Annual Military Equipment Use Report with public comment. It should be noted that the Drone Activity Log posted on the Department’s website includes the date, time, location, and purpose of each Unmanned Aircraft System deployment. To protect privacy and sensitive information, locations are documented using non-specific identifiers.

Summary of SCPD Military Equipment
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and reflects the intended functionality of each item.

AB 481 does not prohibit law enforcement agencies from obtaining equipment defined as military equipment; it establishes a public approval process governing which types of equipment may be authorized and the purposes for which it may be used. The Police Department currently possesses equipment within seven (7) of the fifteen (15) established categories.

A summary of the types of equipment in the Police Department’s possession, examples of how this equipment has (and can) be used as well as the source for original funding is attached (Exhibit ASummary of Santa Clara Police Department Military Equipment and Funding). It should be noted maintenance and/or repair costs, as necessary, are paid from the General Fund unless otherwise documented.

Equipment Use and Oversight
In 2025, Santa Clara Police Communications Center received 52,647 Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) calls for service, including 41,843 that required a police officer response. Military equipment was used in a limited number of incidents, representing a very small percentage of overall police contacts. There were zero reported violations of the Department’s Military Equipment Use Policy and zero complaints or concerns related to the use of military equipment during the reporting period.

The use of military equipment is governed by the Police Department’s Use of Force Policy (Police Department Policy 300) and applicable training standards established by the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST), with oversight provided by SCPD’s Training Unit.

Training may include POST certified courses, vendor provided instruction, and/or interagency training as new equipment or legislation is introduced. Deployment authority of military equipment is limited to trained personnel and appropriate supervisory or command-level authorization.

All existing Department policies governing the safe handling, storage, certification, and oversight of specialized equipment remain in effect, including applicable requirements from the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and SCPD weapons storage and accountability procedures.

Funding and Purchases
While the Department has received funding through various federal grant programs, it has not applied for or received military equipment through the United States Department of Defense 1028 or 1033 excess equipment transfer programs.

Military equipment expenditures represent a minimal portion of the Police Department’s overall budget. For Fiscal Year 2024/25, military equipment costs accounted for approximately 0.18% of the Department’s total operating budget.

In calendar year 2026, the Police Department anticipates completing a zero-cost exchange of obsolete or defective rifles for comparable replacement rifles. The Department also anticipates the following updates to its military equipment inventory.
· Ammunition and other consumables (Category 10, 12 and 14) · Replacement of lost, damaged or malfunctioning equipment (e.g., warranty) City of Santa Clara Page 3 of 6 Printed on 3/6/2026
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· Long Range Acoustic Device. Broadcasts audible voice messages with exceptional clarity over long distances and loud background noise. Police Department General Fund - $21,438. (Category 12)
· Additional AR-15 Rifles (Approximately 30) to ensure officers have access to rifles during critical incidents. Police Department General Fund - $76,850. (Category 8) · DJI Matrice 4 (x2) - Drone offers more reliable flight, ideal for public safety agencies. Police Department General Fund - $8,989 each. (Category 1)
· DJI Avata (x2) - Compact drone designed for indoor or tight spaces. Police Department General Fund - $1,599 each. (Category 1)
· Insta360 Antigravity A1 (x1) - Drone offering 360-degree camera coverage for increased searching capability, particularly during interior searches. Police Department General Fund - $1,999. (Category 1)
· American Robotics Iron Drone (Unmanned Aircraft System Mitigation Equipment) - A nonlethal counter drone system designed to autonomously detect, intercept, and neutralize intruding drones, using computer vision to lock on, capture with a net, and safely lower unauthorized drones with a parachute, protecting large-scale public events. DHS Counter Unmanned Aircraft System Grant - $330,000. (Category 1) o A rising number of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) incidents near U.S. airports and major sporting events, including thousands of sightings and multiple near-collision reports, has alarmed federal officials about the potential for serious public safety and infrastructure disruptions. At the same time, unauthorized drone flights over large civilian gatherings are climbing to unprecedented levels, with lawmakers warning that current protections and authorities are insufficient to counter the growing security risk. o The Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) Grant Program was established to enhance the ability of state, local, tribal, and territorial governments to detect, identify, track, and mitigate Unmanned Aircraft Systems using non-lethal tools. The program provides federal funding to support public safety agencies in addressing the increasing risks posed by unauthorized or malicious UAS activity, particularly in connection with critical infrastructure, emergency incidents, and large-scale public events. The primary objective is to ensure public safety entities have the resources, training, and operational capacity to detect, track, identify, and where authorized, mitigate UAS threats. o This fiscal year, $250 million in funding was made available to 11 states hosting FIFA World Cup matches and America 250 national events. The states, in turn, passed on funding to local agencies. In November 2025, the Police Department submitted a grant application for Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency C-UAS funding through California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES). On February 6, 2026, the Police Department received a Notice of Award from CalOES in the amount of $6,525,617 to support the acquisition and implementation of C-UAS program. The Police Department was one of five California law enforcement agencies selected to receive this funding. Staff will seek City Council approval to accept the C-UAS grant (RTC 26-86).

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o Procurement of C-UAS equipment may occur through either of the following methods:
the City’s established procurement process or the California 1122 Public Safety Procurement Program (1122 Program) using vetted vendors available through the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). The 1122 Program allows state and local governments to purchase equipment for counter-drug, homeland security, and emergency response activities, ensuring that equipment and cost have been vetted by the DLA.
o Only mitigation equipment that complies with AB 481 requirements, and for which Police Department personnel are trained and certified through the FBI National Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training Center (NCUTC), will be approved by the grantor for purchase, ensuring lawful, safe, and best-practice deployment.

Other local, state, and federal grant funding opportunities vary from year to year and are influenced by legislative actions and evolving funding priorities. As new grant opportunities become available, the Police Department evaluates eligibility requirements, alignment with City and departmental mission and goals, whether the funding amount addresses identified operational needs, applicable reporting and compliance requirements, and overall consistency with organizational objectives prior to submitting a grant application. In the normal course of business, the Police Department competes with other law-enforcement agencies for available grant funding. As a result, the likelihood of receiving grant funding, obtaining City Council consideration, and completing the associated procurement process within the current calendar year is minimal. Any grant funding awarded for the purchase of qualifying equipment would be included in the subsequent Annual Report to the City Council.

A governing body that has adopted a Military Equipment Use Policy by ordinance pursuant to AB 481, as the City of Santa Clara has done, is required to conduct an annual review of the ordinance and, based on the information contained in the Annual Report, make specific findings to support renewal of the ordinance. Those findings include that:
· The military equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that would achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety; and · The Military Equipment Use Policy safeguards the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties; and
· The military equipment is reasonably cost effective when compared to available alternatives that could achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety; and · Prior use of military equipment complied with the Police Department Military Equipment Use Policy in effect at the time, or, if any prior use did not comply, appropriate corrective action has been taken to address noncompliant use and ensure future compliance.

The proposed Resolution incorporates the Annual Report, reflects the required findings, and approves the renewal of Santa Clara City Code Section 2.80.080 for an additional year.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The action being considered does not constitute a “project” within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15378(b)(5) in that it is a City of Santa Clara Page 5 of 6 Printed on 3/6/2026
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governmental organizational or administrative activity that will not result in direct or indirect changes in the environment.

FISCAL IMPACT
Ongoing budgeted staff time to document purchases and usage, as well as time to prepare the Annual Report and the corresponding Report to Council is significant. However, the equipment referenced in the Annual Report has already been funded.

COORDINATION
This report has been coordinated with the Finance Department and City Attorney’s Office.

RECOMMENDATION
Approve the Annual Military Equipment Report and Adopt a Resolution Making Required Findings and Renewing Santa Clara City Code Section 2.80.080, Allowing for the Continued Use of the Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition and Use Policy Pursuant to Assembly Bill 481.

Reviewed by: Cory Morgan, Chief of Police
Approved by: Jovan Grogan, City Manager

ATTACHMENTS

1. Assembly Bill No. 481

2. Policy #706

3. Draft Resolution

4. 2025 Annual Military Equipment Use Report

5. Exhibit A- Summary of Santa Clara Police Department Military Equipment and Funding City of Santa Clara Page 6 of 6 Printed on 3/6/2026
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(i) STATE OF CALIFORNIA
't~~.~r.:' AUTHENTICATED r-u UL\l! ELECTRONIC LEGAL MATERIAL Assembly Bill No. 481
CHAPTER406
An act to add Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, relating to military equipment. [Approved by Governor September 30, 2021. Filed with
Secretary of State September 30, 2021.]

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 481, Chiu. Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment:
funding, acquisition, and use.

Existing law designates the Department of General Services as the agency for the State of California responsible for distribution of federal surplus personal property, excepting food commodities, and requires the department to, among other things, do all things necessary to the execution of its powers and duties as the state agency for the distribution offederal personal surplus property, excepting food commodities, in accordance with specified federal law. Existing law, the Federal Surplus Property Acquisition Law of 1945, authorizes a local agency, as defined, to acquire surplus federal property without regard to any law which requires posting of notices or advertising for bids, inviting or receiving bids, or delive1y of purchases before payment, or which prevents the local agency from bidding on federal surplus property.

Existing federal law authorizes the Department of Defense to transfer surplus personal property, including arms and ammunition, to federal or state agencies for use in law enforcement activities, subject to specified conditions, at no cost to the acquiring agency.

This bill would require a law enforcement agency, defined to include specified entities, to obtain approval of the applicable governing body, by adoption of a military equipment use policy, as specified, by ordinance at a regular meeting held pursuant to specified open meeting laws, prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment, as defined. The bill would also require similar approval for the continued use of military equipment acquired prior to January I, 2022. The bill would allow the governing body to approve the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment within its jurisdiction only if it determines that the military equipment meets specified standards. The bill would require the governing body to annually review the ordinance and to either disapprove a renewal of the authorization for a type, as defined, of military equipment or amend the military equipment use policy if it determines, based on an annual military equipment report prepared by the law enforcement agency, as provided, that the military equipment does not comply with the above-described standards for approval. The bill would specify these provisions do not preclude a county or local municipality from implementing 92 Ch. 406 -2-
additional requirements and standards related to the purchase, use, and reporting of military equipment by local law enforcement agencies.

This bill would also require a state agency, as defined, to create a military equipment use policy before engaging in certain activities, publish the policy on the agency's internet website, and provide a copy of the policy to the Governor or the Governor's designee, as specified. The bill would also require a state agency that seeks to continue use of military equipment acquired prior to J anuaiy 1, 2022, to create a military equipment use policy.

This bill would also include findings that the changes proposed by this bill address a matter of statewide concern rather than a municipal affair and, therefore, apply to all cities, including charter cities.

By adding to the duties of local officials with respect to the funding, acquisition, and use of militaiy equipment, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.

The California Constitution requires local agencies, for the purpose of ensuring public access to the meetings of public bodies and the writings of public officials and agencies, to comply with a statutory enactment that amends or enacts laws relating to public records or open meetings and contains findings demonstrating that the enactment furthers the constitutional requirements relating to this purpose.

This bill would make legislative findings to that effect.

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutmy provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) The acquisition of militaiy equipment and its deployment in our communities adversely impacts the public's safety and welfare, including increased risk of civilian deaths, significant risks to civil rights, civil liberties, and physical and psychological well-being, and incunnent of significant financial costs. Militaiy equipment is more frequently deployed in low-income Black and Brown communities, meaning the risks and impacts of police militarization are experienced most acutely in marginalized communities.
(b) The public has a right to know about any funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment by state or local government officials, as well as a right to participate in any government agency's decision to fund, acquire, or use such equipment.
(c) Decisions regarding whether and how military equipment is funded, acquired, or used should give sh·ong consideration to the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties, and should be based on meaningful public input.
92 -3- Ch. 406
( d) Legally enforceable safeguards, including transparency, oversight, and accountability measures, must be in place to protect the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties before militaty equipment is funded, acquired, or used.
(e) The lack of a public forum to discuss the acquisition of milita1y equipment jeopardizes the relationship police have with the community, which can be undermined when law enforcement is seen as an occupying force rather than a public safety service.

SEC. 2. Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) is added to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, to read:

CHAPTER 12.8. FUNDING, ACQUISITION, AND UsE OF MILITARY

EQUIPMENT
7070. For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) "Governing body" means the elected body that oversees a law enforcement agency or, ifthere is no elected body that directly oversees the law enforcement agency, the appointed body that oversees a law enforcement agency. In the case of a law enforcement agency of a county, including a sheriff's department or a district attorney's office, "governing body" means the board of supervisors of the county.
(b) "Law enforcement agency" means any of the following:
(1) A police department, including the police depattment of a h·ansit agency, school district, or any campus of the University of California, the California State University, or California Community Colleges. (2) A sheriff's department.
(3) A district attorney's office.
(4) A county probation department.
( c) "Militaty equipment" means the following:
(1) Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles. (2) Mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers. However, police versions of standard consumer vehicles are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(3) High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly refetTed to as Humvees, two and one-half-ton h·ucks, five-ton hucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or enhy apparatus attached. However, unannored all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorized dirt bikes are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(4) Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants and utilize a h·acked system instead of wheels for fo1ward motion. (5) Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational conh·ol and dir-ection of public safety units. (6) Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind. (7) Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature. However, items designed to remove a lock, such as bolt cutters, 92 Ch. 406 -4-
or a handheld ram designed to be operated by one person, are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(8) Firemms of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotguns are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(9) Ammunition of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotgun ammunition is specifically excluded from this subdivision. (10) Specialized firemms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including assault weapons as defined in Sections 30510 and 30515 of the Penal Code, with the exception of standard issue service weapons and ammunition of less than .50 caliber that are issued to officers, agents, or employees of a law enforcement agency or a state agency. ( 11) Any firearm or firearm access01y that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.
(12) "Flashbang" grenades and explosive breaching tools, "tear gas," and "pepper balls," excluding standard, service-issued handheld pepper spray.
(13) Taser Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and the Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD).
(14) The following projectile launch platforms and their associated munitions: 40mm projectile launchers, "bean bag," rubber bullet, and specialty impact munition (SIM) weapons.
(15) Any other equipment as dete1mined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
(16) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (15), "militmy equipment" does not include general equipment not designated as prohibited or controlled by the federal Defense Logistics Agency.
(d) "Militmy equipment use policy" means a publicly released, written document governing the use of militmy equipment by a law enforcement agency or a state agency that addresses, at a minimum, all of the following:
( 1) A description of each type of militmy equipment, the quantity sought, its capabilities, expected lifespan, and product descriptions from the manufacturer of the military equipment.
(2) The purposes and authorized uses for which the law enforcement agency or the state agency proposes to use each type of military equipment. (3) The fiscal impact of each type of militaty equipment, including the initial costs of obtaining the equipment and estimated annual costs of maintaining the equipment.
(4) The legal and procedural rules that govern each authorized use. (5) The training, including any course required by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, that must be completed before any officer, agent, or employee of the law enforcement agency or the state agency is allowed to use each specific type of military equipment to ensure the full protection of the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties and full adherence to the militmy equipment use policy.
(6) The mechanisms to ensure compliance with the militmy equipment use policy, including which independent persons or entities have oversight 92 -5- Ch. 406
authority, and, if applicable, what legally enforceable sanctions are put in place for violations of the policy.
(7) For a law enforcement agency, the procedures by which members of the public may register complaints or concerns or submit questions about the use of each specific type of military equipment, and how the law enforcement agency will ensure that each complaint, concern, or question receives a response in a timely manner.
(e) "State agency" means the law enforcement division of eve1y state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, and commission or other state body or agency, except those agencies provided for in Atticle IV ( except Section 20 thereof) or Atticle VI of the California Constitution. (f) "Type" means each item that shares the same manufacturer model number.
7071. (a) (1) A law enforcement agency shall obtain approval of the governing body, by an ordinance adopting a militaiy equipment use policy at a regular meeting of the governing body held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Atticle 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M.

Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable, prior to engaging in any of the following:
(A) Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code.
(B) Seeking funds for military equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers. (C) Acquiring militaiy equipment either pe1manently or temporarily, including by ban-owing or leasing.
(D) Collaborating with another law enforcement agency in the deployment or other use of milita1y equipment within the territorial jurisdiction of the governing body.
(E) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the governing body pursuant to this chapter.
(F) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, militaiy equipment. (G) Acquiring militaiy equipment through any means not provided by this paragraph.
(2) No later than May 1, 2022, a law enforcement agency seeking to continue the use of any rnilitaiy equipment that was acquired prior to January 1, 2022, shall commence a governing body approval process in accordance with this section. If the governing body does not approve the continuing use of milita1y equipment, including by adoption pursuant to this subdivision of a military equipment use policy submitted pmsuant to subdivision (b ), within 180 days of submission of the proposed rnilitaiy equipment use policy to the governing body, the law enforcement agency shall cease its use of 92 Ch. 406 -6-
the military equipment until it receives the approval of the governing body in accordance with this section.
(b) In seeking the approval of the governing body pursuant to subdivision (a), a law enforcement agency shall submit a proposed militaty equipment use policy to the governing body and make those documents available on the law enforcement agency's internet website at least 30 days prior to any public hearing concerning the militaiy equipment at issue. (c) The governing body shall consider a proposed military equipment use policy as an agenda item for an open session of a regular meeting and provide for public comment in accordance with the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 ( commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable.
( d) (1) The governing body shall only approve a militaiy equipment use policy pursuant to this chapter if it determines all of the following:
(A) The militaty equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety. (B) The proposed militaty equipment use policy will safeguard the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties. (C) If purchasing the equipment, the equipment is reasonably cost effective compared to available alternatives that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety.
(D) Prior militaiy equipment use complied with the militaiy equipment use policy that was in effect at the time, or if prior uses did not comply with the accompanying military equipment use policy, cotTective action has been taken to remedy nonconfonning uses and ensure future compliance. (2) In order to facilitate public patticipation, any proposed or final military equipment use policy shall be made publicly available on the internet website of the relevant law enforcement agency for as long as the militaty equipment is available for use.
( e) (1) The governing body shall review any ordinance that it has adopted pursuant to this section approving the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment at least annually and, subject to paragraph (2), vote on whether to renew the ordinance at a regular meeting held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Patt 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M.

Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Patt 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable.
(2) The governing body shall determine, based on the annual milita1y equipment report submitted pursuant to Section 7072, whether each type of militaiy equipment identified in that repo1t has complied with the standards for approval set forth in subdivision ( d). If the governing body determines that a type of militaiy equipment identified in that annual milita1y equipment report has not complied with the standards for approval set forth in subdivision (d), the governing body shall either disapprove a renewal of the authorization for that type of militaiy equipment or require modifications 92 -7- Ch. 406
to the milita1y equipment use policy in a manner that will resolve the lack of compliance.
(f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, if a city contracts with another entity for law enforcement services, the city shall have the authority to adopt a militaiy equipment use policy based on local community needs.
7072. ( a) A law enforcement agency that receives approval for a militaiy equipment use policy pursuant to Section 7071 shall submit to the governing body an annual militaiy equipment repo1t for each type of militaiy equipment approved by the governing body within one year of approval, and annually thereafter for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The law enforcement agency shall also make each annual militaiy equipment report required by this section publicly available on its internet website for as long as the militaiy equipment is available for use. The annual military equipment report shall, at a minimum, include the following information for the immediately preceding calendar year for each type of military equipment:
(1) A surnma1y of how the militaiy equipment was used and the purpose of its use.
(2) A surnma1y of any complaints or concerns received concerning the militaiy equipment.
(3) The results of any internal audits, any information about violations of the militaiy equipment use policy, and any actions taken in response. (4) The total annual cost for each type ofmilitaiy equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, transportation, maintenance, storage, upgrade, and other ongoing costs, and from what source funds will be provided for the militaiy equipment in the calendar year following submission of the annual militaiy equipment report.
(5) The quantity possessed for each type ofmilitaiy equipment. (6) If the law enforcement agency intends to acquire additional rnilitaiy equipment in the next year, the quantity sought for each type of military equipment.
(b) Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing an annual rnilitaiy equipment report pursuant to this section, the law enforcement agency shall hold at least one well-publicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting, at which the general public may discuss and ask questions regarding the annual milita1y equipment report and the law enforcement agency's funding, acquisition, or use ofmilitaiy equipment. 7073. (a) A state agency shall create a military equipment use policy prior to engaging in any of the following:
(1) Requesting milita1y equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code.
(2) Seeking funds for militaiy equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers. (3) Acquiring militaiy equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by hon-owing or leasing.
92 t
Ch. 406 -8-
( 4) Collaborating with a law enforcement agency or another state agency in the deployment or other use of military equipment within the territorial jurisdiction of the governing body.
(5) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the governing body pursuant to this chapter.
( 6) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, or to apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, military equipment. (7) Acquiring militaiy equipment through any means not provided by this subdivision.
(b) No later than May 1, 2022, a state agency seeking to continue the use of any military equipment that was acquired prior to January 1, 2022, shall create a military equipment use policy.
(c) A state agency that is required to create a military equipment use policy pursuant to this section shall do both of the following within 180 days of completing the policy:
(1) Publish the militaiy equipment use policy on the agency's internet website.
(2) Provide a copy of the milita1y equipment use policy to the Governor or the Governor's designee.
7074. The Legislature finds and declares that ensuring adequate oversight of the acquisition and use of military equipment is a matter of statewide concern rather than a municipal affair as that tenn is used in Section 5 of Article XI of the California Constitution. Therefore, this chapter applies to all cities, including charter cities and shall supersede any inconsistent provisions in the charter of any city, county, or city and county. 7075. Nothing in this chapter shall preclude a county or local municipality from implementing additional requirements and standards related to the purchase, use, and reporting of militaiy equipment by local law enforcement agencies.

SEC. 3. The Legislature finds and declares that Section 1 of this act, which adds Chapter 12.8 ( commencing with Section 7070) to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, furthers, within the meaning of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution, the purposes of that constitutional section as it relates to the right of public access to the meetings of local public bodies or the writings of local public officials and local agencies. Pursuant to paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Atticle I of the California Constitution, the Legislature makes the following findings:

Requiring local agencies to hold public meetings prior to the acquisition of militaiy equipment fu1ther exposes that activity to public scrntiny and enhances public access to information concerning the conduct of the people's business.

SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Atticle XIII B of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district under this act would 92 t
-9- Ch. 406
result from a legislative mandate that is within the scope of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution. 0 92

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Resolution/Approval of Annual Military Equipment Report Page 1 of 2 RESOLUTION NO. _____

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA

APPROVING THE ANNUAL MILITARY EQUIPMENT REPORT AND

APPROVING RENEWAL OF SANTA CLARA CITY CODE SECTION

2.80.080 [“MILITARY EQUIPMENT POLICY”] PURSUANT TO AB
481
WHEREAS, Santa Clara City Code Section 2.80.080 (“Military equipment policy”) was adopted in March 2022, approving the Military Equipment Policy, with the requisite findings and process, in accordance with AB 481;
WHEREAS, AB 481 requires the City Council to review its adopted military equipment ordinance annually and to vote on whether to renew the ordinance; WHEREAS, AB 481 requires, further, that in order to renew the Ordinance, the City Council must make a finding that, based on the information contained in the annual military equipment report (attached), each type of military equipment identified in that report has complied with specific standards for approval; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Santa Clara, having received the information required by AB 481, deems it to be in the best interest of the City to approve the annual military equipment report and to renew the military equipment policy ordinance, SCCC

2.80.080, as set forth below.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA AS FOLLOWS:

1. That the City Council hereby finds that the above Recitals are true and correct and by this reference makes them a part hereof.

2. That the annual military equipment report submitted to the City Council by the Santa Clara Police Department contains all information required by AB 481 and is hereby approved.

3. That, based on the annual military equipment report submitted by the Santa Clara Police Department, each type of military equipment identified in that report has complied with the following standards for approval:
a) The military equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety. b) The military equipment use policy will safeguard the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties.
//
Resolution/Approval of Annual Military Equipment Report Page 2 of 2 c) The equipment is reasonably cost effective compared to available alternatives that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety. d) Prior military equipment use complied with the military equipment use policy that was in effect at the time, or if prior uses did not comply with the accompanying military equipment use policy, corrective action has been taken to remedy nonconforming uses and ensure future compliance.

4. That the procedural requirements of AB 481 have been satisfied.

5. That Santa Clara City Code Section 2.80.080 is hereby renewed.

6. Effective date. This resolution shall become effective immediately.

I HEREBY CERTIFY THE FOREGOING TO BE A TRUE COPY OF A RESOLUTION

PASSED AND ADOPTED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA, AT A REGULAR MEETING THEREOF HELD ON THE ___ DAY OF _________, 2026, BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:

AYES: COUNCILORS:

NOES: COUNCILORS:

ABSENT: COUNCILORS:

ABSTAINED: COUNCILORS:

ATTEST:______________________________

NORA PIMENTEL, MMC

ASSISTANT CITY CLERK

CITY OF SANTA CLARA
Attachments incorporated by reference:

1. 2025 Annual Military Equipment Use Report
Santa Clara Police Department
Annual Military Equipment Use
Report
2025
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
1 Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 5 Summary of Military Equipment Usages ......................................................................... 7 Fiscal Impact ................................................................................................................. 13 Fiscal Year (FY) 2025.................................................................................................... 13 Fiscal Year (FY) 2025/26............................................................................................... 15 Projected Acquisitions ................................................................................................... 16 Projected Use in 2026................................................................................................... 17 Training Costs ............................................................................................................... 18 Department Transparency............................................................................................. 20 Community Complaints/Concerns/Comments............................................................... 20 Response to Procedure Violations ................................................................................ 20 Outreach and Community Engagement ........................................................................ 21 Internal Audits ............................................................................................................... 22 Summary of Military Equipment .................................................................................... 24 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)............................................................................... 25 Robots........................................................................................................................... 29 Armored Vehicles .......................................................................................................... 31 Mobile Incident Command Vehicle (MIC) ...................................................................... 33 Crime Scene Investigation Team (CSI) Vehicle............................................................. 34 40mm Launchers and Munitions ................................................................................... 35 Chemical Agent and Smoke Canisters.......................................................................... 37 Combined Tactical Systems LC5 Launching Cup.......................................................... 41 Diversionary Devices..................................................................................................... 43 Rifles and Munitions...................................................................................................... 46 Explosive Breaching Tools ............................................................................................ 56 PepperBall Launcher and Munitions.............................................................................. 59 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 62 Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
2 Executive Summary
On September 30, 2021, California Governor Gavin Newsom approved Assembly Bill 481, requiring law enforcement agencies to obtain approval from the applicable governing body (Mayor and City Council) through adoption of a military equipment use policy. The Santa Clara Police Department is required to seek City Council approval of their Military Equipment Use Policy at a regular open meeting prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, and use of military equipment.

Assembly Bill 481 allows the governing body to approve the funding, acquisition, and use of military equipment within its jurisdiction, only if it determines that the military equipment meets the specified standards. The Military Equipment Use Policy is subject to City Council review to determine whether the standards set forth in Assembly Bill 481 have been met, based upon an Annual Military Equipment Use Report.

Finally, Assembly Bill 481 requires publication of the Military Equipment Use Policy and the Annual Military Equipment Use Report on the Department’s website.

Assembly Bill 481 California Government Code section 7072 states the following:
(a) A law enforcement agency that receives approval for a military equipment use policy pursuant to Section 7071 shall submit to the governing body an annual military equipment report for each type of military equipment approved by the governing body within one year of approval, and annually thereafter for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The law enforcement agency shall also make each annual military equipment report required by this section publicly available on its internet website for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The annual military equipment report shall, at a minimum, include the following information for the immediately preceding calendar year for each type of military equipment:
(1) A summary of how the military equipment was used and the purpose of its use. (2) A summary of any complaints or concerns received concerning the military equipment.
(3) The results of any internal audits, any information about violations of the military equipment use policy, and any actions taken in response. (4) The total annual cost for each type of military equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, transportation, maintenance, storage, upgrade, and other ongoing costs, and from what source funds will be provided for the military equipment in the calendar year following submission of the annual military equipment report.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
3 (5) The quantity possessed for each type of military equipment. (6) If the law enforcement agency intends to acquire additional military equipment in the next year, the quantity sought for each type of military equipment. (b) Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing an annual military equipment report pursuant to this section, the law enforcement agency shall hold at least one wellpublicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting, at which the general public may discuss and ask questions regarding the annual military equipment report and the law enforcement agency’s funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment.

In addition to maintaining the highest levels of public safety, The Santa Clara Police Department is committed to transparency, public trust, community partnerships, and compliance with the law. As such, the Department has authored the following Annual Military Equipment Use Report in accordance with annual reporting requirements set forth in California Government Code section 7072.
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Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
4 Introduction
The Santa Clara Police Department possesses and employs a wide variety of military equipment to assist in safely furthering its mission statement to “work in partnership with the Community to protect life and property, solve neighborhood problems, and enhance the quality of life in our City.” While the inventory of military equipment varies, the mere possession of the equipment does not warrant its use for every incident.

The Santa Clara Police Department recognizes that critical incidents are unpredictable and can be very dynamic in nature. A variety of equipment options can greatly assist incident commanders, officers, and specific units in bringing those incidents to a swift resolution, in a safe manner. The use of military equipment is restricted to certain instances and in some cases only by certain units. The use of the Department’s military equipment is continuously evaluated and the use of such equipment by department personnel is influenced by the totality of the circumstances, public safety, officer safety, civil rights, State law, and information available at the time of use.

It is incumbent upon incident commanders, supervisors, individual officers, and specific units to recognize the particular circumstances wherein military equipment should be employed to enhance the safety of the public and officers, and to bring a critical incident to a safe resolution.

It should be noted that all categories of military equipment outlined in this report, with the exception of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, were already in use for the Santa Clara Police Department prior to the Assembly Bill 481 reporting requirements. This Annual Military Equipment Use Report outlines a summary of military equipment usage guidelines, inventory, fiscal impact, complaints, and reported concerns from January 1st, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
5 Definitions
Pursuant to California Assembly Bill 481, the following definitions are applicable only to the Santa Clara Police Department’s current military equipment inventory and potential military equipment acquisitions for operational needs. For a more detailed list of “military equipment” definitions, refer to California Government Code sections 7070(c)(1) through (16).
“Governing body” means the Santa Clara City Council and Mayor. “Military equipment” means any wide variety of items as defined by California Government Code section 7070, subsections (c)(1) through (c)(16) including:

1. Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS): An unmanned aircraft along with the associated equipment to control it remotely.

2. Robots: A remotely controlled unmanned machine that operates on the ground, which is utilized to enhance the safety of the community and officers.

3. Armored Vehicles: Commercially produced wheeled armored personnel vehicle utilized for law enforcement purposes.

4. Mobile Incident Command Vehicle (MIC): A vehicle used as a mobile office that provides shelter, access to Department computer systems, and restroom facilities during extended events.

5. Crisis Negotiation Team (CNT) Vehicle: A vehicle used as a mobile office that provides shelter, access to Department computer systems, and meeting space on extended events.

6. 40mm Launchers and Munitions: 40mm Launchers are utilized by department personnel as a less lethal tool to launch impact rounds.

7. Diversionary Devices: A device used to distract dangerous persons.

8. Rifles and Munitions: Guns that are fired from shoulder level, having a longer, grooved barrel intended to make bullets spin and thereby have greater accuracy over a long distance.

9. Chemical Agent and Smoke Canisters: Canisters that contain chemical agents that are released when deployed.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
6 10.Explosive Breaching Tools: Equipment used to provide an explosive charge to safely gain entry into structures during high-risk operations.

11.PepperBall Launchers and Projectiles: A device that discharges PAVA powder projectiles.

12.Long Range Acoustic Devices (LRAD), and other shockwave, water cannons or microwave weapons.

13. “Military equipment” does not include general equipment not designated as prohibited or controlled by the federal Defense Logistics Agency. “Military Equipment Use Policy” refers to Santa Clara Police Department General Order 706 and means a publicly released, written document governing the use of military equipment by the Department that addresses, at a minimum, all of the following:

1. A description of each type of military equipment, the quantity sought, its capabilities, expected lifespan, and product descriptions from the manufacturer of the military equipment.

2. The purposes and authorized uses for which the Department proposes to use each type of military equipment.

3. The fiscal impact of each type of military equipment, including the initial costs of obtaining the equipment and estimated annual costs of maintaining the equipment.

4. The legal and procedural rules that govern each authorized use.

5. The training, including any course required by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST), that must be completed before any sworn member is allowed to use each specific type of military equipment to ensure the full protection of the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties and full adherence to the Military Equipment Use Policy.

6. The mechanisms to ensure compliance with the Military Equipment Use Policy, including which independent persons or entities have oversight authority, and, if applicable, what legally enforceable sanctions are put in place for violations of the policy.

7. The procedures by which members of the public may register complaints or concerns or submit questions about the use of each specific type of military equipment, and how the Department will ensure that each complaint, concern, or question receives a response in a timely manner.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
7 Summary of Military Equipment Usages
The City of Santa Clara is home to approximately 130,000 people. The volume of calls for service to which the Santa Clara Police Department responds to on an annual basis reflects a population of that size. In 2025, the Department responded to 41,843 calls requiring an officer response.

Among those calls for service, force was used one hundred six (106) times. Of the force options utilized, military equipment in the form of projectiles were only used during five (5) of those contacts. These statistics illustrate the relatively few instances (less than

0.3%) of force used by Santa Clara police officers in relation to overall contacts.

Moreover, force used involving the use of military equipment is an even smaller subset of the overall force used during this time span (5%), and less than (0.01%) when compared to total contacts.

While the Santa Clara Police Department’s inventory of military equipment is varied, the mere possession of the equipment does not warrant its use for every incident. The Santa Clara Police Department recognizes that critical incidents are unpredictable and can be very dynamic in nature. A variety of military equipment options can greatly assist incident commanders, officers, and specific units in bringing those incidents to a swift resolution in a safe manner. The use of military equipment is restricted for use only in certain instances and in some cases only by certain units.

This section outlines the military equipment usage from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025, unless otherwise noted. Certain items of military equipment, particularly consumables (ammunition, diversionary devices, pepper balls, chemical agents, etc.) are primarily used throughout the year on a regular basis for training to maintain proficiency. Training usage is not captured in this section. This section only provides data for the operational use of military equipment listed within this Annual Military Equipment Use Report.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
8 Category 1- Robot and Unmanned Aircraft
Robots
Robots were utilized a total of two (2) times from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025.
• Robots utilized by SRT – utilized two (2) times
o Both uses were during high-risk warrant services.

Authorized usages:
• Support of SWAT and Patrol during high risk, tactical, or other public safety life preservation missions to include:
• Opening doors to clear buildings for public safety and life preservation missions. • Provide interior visual assessments of structures or outdoor areas to gain intelligence prior to officers entering a dwelling or contacting a potentially armed, or resistive subject that may be hiding.
• Delivery of items (i.e., CNT phone) during critical incidents to engage in deescalation and/or crisis intervention techniques in attempt to resolve incidents peacefully.
• Support of EOD unit during tactical and life preservation missions by disrupting suspicious packages that pose a potential risk for the public.

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Unmanned Aircraft Systems were utilized for a total of 1261 flights from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. Each time a UAS takes off and lands it is considered a separate flight. Many operations are longer in duration and can utilize multiple UAS at one time. This can often result in a single operation involving 10 or more separate flights. All flights are communicated on the department’s website on a monthly basis at https://www.santaclaraca.gov/our-city/departments-g-z/policedepartment/community/unmanned-aircraft-system-deployment-summary Authorized usages:
• Collection of evidence in the form of aerial photography/video in support of an investigation (i.e., shooting scenes, homicide scenes). • Support of SWAT and Patrol during high risk, tactical or other public safety lifepreservation missions (i.e., interior visual assessments of structures or outdoor areas to gain intelligence prior to officers entering a dwelling or contacting a potentially armed, or resistive subject that may be hiding). • When it supports the mission of protecting lives and property when other means and resources are not available or less effective.
• Conduct aerial searches for missing persons.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
9 • Provide aerial observation to assist in managing natural disasters (i.e., fires, floods, storms).

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025.

Category 2 & 3- Armored Rescue Vehicle
Armored Vehicles
The Armored Rescue Vehicle was utilized a total of forty-six (46) times from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. Of these deployments, two (2) were to assist an outside agency.

Authorized usages:
• Support of SWAT and Patrol (to include outside agencies) during critical incidents by providing greater safety to community members and officers beyond the protection level of a shield and/or personal body armor. • Deployed at large events with potential terrorism threats, including stadium events.

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025.

Category 5- Command and Control Vehicles
Mobile Incident Command Vehicle, Crisis Negotiation Team Vehicle, and Crime Scene Investigation Vehicle
The Mobile Incident Vehicle (0), Crisis Negotiation Team Vehicle (0), and Crime Scene Investigation Vehicle (8) were utilized a total of eight (8) times from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025.

Authorized usages:
• Utilized as command post for critical incidents during complex events. • Natural disasters (i.e., mutual aid for large scale fires or flooding). • Other large-scale events to provide high visibility and public safety.

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
10 Category 7- Breaching Equipment
Explosive Breaching Tools
Explosive Breaching Tools were utilized one (1) time between January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Authorized usages:
• Safely enter a structure for public safety and life preservation missions (i.e., an explosive breach may be utilized to breach the front door of a residence in which a suspect armed with a handgun is or has been threatening another person).

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Category 10- Rifles and Munitions
Rifles and Munitions
Rifles were utilized zero (0) times between January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Authorized usages:
• In accordance with California Penal Code section 835a and SCPD General Order 300 (Use of Force)
Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Category 12- Noise Flash Diversionary Devices, Tear Gas and Pepperball Diversionary Devices
Diversionary Devices were utilized during nine (9) incidents between January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.
*Incidents may include multiple deployments of NFDD’s.

Authorized usages:
• Support SWAT during call outs and high-risk warrant services • Distract dangerous suspects during apprehensions
• Hostage rescue incidents
• High-risk room entries
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
11 Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Chemical Agents and Smoke Canisters
Chemical Agents and Smoke Canisters were utilized during two (2) incidents between January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.
• CS Canister/Grenade – utilized two (2) times
• OC Canister/Grenade - utilized zero (0) times
• Smoke Canister/Grenade - utilized zero (0) times
• OC Fogger - utilized one (1) time
• OC Stream - utilized zero (0) times
*Incidents may include multiple deployments/types of chemical agents.

Authorized usages:
• Safely address an individual who displays self-destructive, dangerous, or combative behavior.
• During riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents where the use of chemical agents is considered objectively reasonable to defend against a threat to life or serious bodily injury to any individual, including any peace officer, or to bring an objectively dangerous and unlawful situation safely and effectively under control (in compliance with Assembly Bill 48)
• Circumstances to gain a tactical advantage during critical incidents or high-risk entries where public safety and/or officer safety is at risk. • Potentially vicious animal (i.e., an aggressive animal trying to harm member(s) of the community or an officer).

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

PepperBall Launchers and Projectiles
PepperBall Launchers were utilized during four (4) calls for service between January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Authorized usage:
• Safely address an individual who displays self-destructive, dangerous, or combative behavior.
• Safely address an armed, or potentially armed, or violent individual. • During riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents where the use is considered objectively reasonable to defend against a threat to life or serious bodily injury to any individual, including any peace officer, or to bring an objectively dangerous and unlawful situation safely and effectively under control (in compliance with Assembly Bill 48).

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
12 • Circumstances to gain a tactical advantage during critical incidents or high-risk entries where public safety and/or officer safety is at risk (i.e., deploying into a structure/vehicle where a barricaded subject is with the result being a peaceful surrender).
• Potentially vicious animal (i.e., an aggressive animal trying to harm member(s) of the community or an officer).

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Category 14- 40mm Launchers and Munitions
40mm Launchers and Munitions
The 40mm Launcher was utilized during one (1) call for service between January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.
• 40mm Impact related rounds – utilized during one (1) calls for service • 40mm OC related rounds – utilized during zero (0) calls for service • 40mm related CS related rounds – utilized zero (0) times Authorized usages:
• Safely address an individual who displays self-destructive, dangerous, or combative behavior.
• Safely address an armed, or potentially armed, or violent individual. • During riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents where the use of the 40mm is considered objectively reasonable to defend against a threat to life or serious bodily injury to any individual, including any peace officer, or to bring an objectively dangerous and unlawful situation safely and effectively under control (in compliance with Assembly Bill 48).
• Circumstances to gain a tactical advantage during critical incidents or high-risk entries where public safety and/or officer safety is at risk. (i.e., breaking out a vehicle window to get an unobstructed view of an armed barricaded individual). • Potentially vicious animal (i.e., an aggressive animal trying to harm member(s) of the community or an officer).

Unauthorized usages:
• There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
13 Fiscal Impact
Fiscal Year (FY) 2025
July 2024 – June 2025
Currently the Santa Clara Police Department has an authorized workforce comprised of 153 full-time equivalent (FTE) sworn peace officer positions and 78 FTE professional staff positions. The department’s adopted budget for FY 2024/25 was approximately $91,296,351 approximately 85% of which is allocated for personnel expenses. The portion of the budget allocated for military equipment expenditures represents only a small fraction of the Department’s operating costs. However, the funds spent on military equipment are an integral part of providing the essential resources and material needed to keep the community and officers safe. The significance and enhanced capability that the current military equipment inventory provides is immense and cannot be understated from a public safety perspective.

The following outlines the fiscal impact of military equipment on the annual budget. As evidenced by the chart below and subsequent data tables, military equipment and related costs are nominal as compared to the overall Department budget. Cost breakdowns showcase the individual equipment prices per unit, combined with costs related to training, maintenance, upgrades, other ongoing costs, and source funding:

Santa Clara Police Department Budget FY 2024/25
85%

0.18%
15%
Personnel Costs
Military Equipment Costs
All other operating costs
■
■
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
14 Operating Budget Allocations
Category FY 2024/25 Amended Budget Budget Percentage
Personnel Costs $ 77,866,485 85%
Military Equipment Costs $ 163,450 0.18%
All Other Operating Costs $ 13,266,416 15%
TOTAL $91,296,351 100.0%
Military Equipment Expenditures by Category and Projected Cost Fiscal Year 2025 Category Ongoing Annual
Cost/Maintenance
FY 2024/25
(approximate)
Projected Annual
Cost/Maintenance
FY 2025/26
(approximate)
Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
Maintenance
$40,000 $45,000
Robot Maintenance $250 $250
Armored Vehicles Maintenance $2,500 $5,000
Special Use Vehicles (CP, CSI) $13,900 $10000
40mm Launchers and Munitions $19,000 $19,000
Diversionary Devices $1,000 $1,000
Rifles and Munitions Maintenance $77,500 $77,500
Explosive Breaching ToolsMaintenance $5,000 $5,000
PepperBall Launchers and
Projectiles Maintenance
$4,300 $4300
TOTAL $163,450 $167,050
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
15 Fiscal Year (FY) 2025/26
Consumable Military Equipment Acquisitions FY 2025/26
Projected consumable military equipment acquisitions for FY 2025/26 are anticipated to be consistent with current replenishment schedules and quantities for consumables. A variety of commercial factors (i.e. supply and demand, inflation, supply chain issues etc.) may influence the fiscal impact of future military equipment acquisitions and ongoing military equipment consumables can vary according to inventory levels that fluctuate as a result of training, operational usage, or manufacturer recommended replacement guidelines.

Categories of consumable military equipment are listed below:
• Ammunition – all calibers
• Explosive Breaching Tools
• Chemical Agent and Smoke Canisters
• Specialty Munitions (40mm Munitions and Less Lethal Munitions) • Diversionary Devices
• PepperBall Projectiles
Funding for the majority of the consumable military equipment for FY 2025/26 is anticipated to be sourced from the existing police budget or through State or Federal grants for law enforcement equipment.

Non-Consumable Military Equipment Acquisitions FY 2025/26 Any unanticipated replacements of existing non-consumable military equipment for FY 2025/26 will be initiated on a case-by-case basis that is dependent on operational need, operational wear, or end of serviceable lifespan and will be consistent with the Councilapproved policy for acquisitions of military equipment.

Categories of non-consumable military equipment are listed below:
• Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
• Robots
• Armored Vehicles
• Mobile Incident Command Vehicle (MIC)
• 40mm Launchers
• Combined Systems LC5 Launching Cup
• Rifles
• PepperBall Launchers
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
16 Projected Acquisitions
In 2026, the Police Department anticipates the following changes to the military equipment inventory:
• Ammunition and other consumables (Category 10, 12 and 14) • Replacement of lost, damaged or malfunctioning equipment (e.g., warranty) Local, State and Federal grant funding opportunities vary from year to year, often influenced by legislation and funding priorities. As new grant opportunities present themselves, the Police Department will evaluate eligibility criteria, whether the opportunity aligns with the organization’s mission and goals, funding amount meets identified needs, understand reporting requirements and expectations, and determine if the opportunity meets our organization’s objectives prior to submitting a grant application. In the normal course, the Police Department competes among fellow law enforcement agencies for grant funding. The likelihood of receiving grant funding, having it considered by Council and completing the procurement process within this calendar year is minimal, however, any funding awarded for the purchase of qualifying equipment would be included in the 2025 Annual Report.

At the time of this report, the Police Department is planning to procure the following equipment or is actively pursuing grant opportunities to support its acquisition. • DJI Matrice 4 (x2) at $8989 each —DART budget
o Equipped with advanced features like smart
detection, measurement via laser rangefinder, and
AI-driven technology, it offers safer, more reliable
flight and enhanced sensing performance. Ideal for
industries such as electrical utilities, emergency
response, public safety, and forestry, the Matrice 4T
sets a new standard for innovation and versatility.
• DJI Avata (x2) at $1599 each —DART budget
o A compact, agile drone designed for immersive
flight, featuring a durable body with built in propeller guards, making it great for indoor or tight spaces.
• Insta360 Antigravity A1 (x1) at $1999 —DART budget
o A groundbreaking 8K 360° drone. Offering 360-
degree camera coverage for increased searching
capability, particularly during interior searches.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
17 • Genasys- Long Range Acoustic Device $21438
o Acoustic Hailing Devices (AHDs). Featuring
Genasys’ Advanced Driver and Waveguide
Technology, LRAD systems broadcast audible
voice messages with exceptional clarity over long
distances and loud background noise.
• Additional AR-15 Rifles (Approximately 30) $76850-
Paid with PD General fund
o Additional rifles to ensure Officers have access to
rifles during critical incidents.
• American Robotics Iron Drone $330,000-
Seeking grant opportunities
o Counter drone system designed to
autonomously detect, intercept, and neutralize
hostile drones without jamming, using
computer vision to lock on, capture with a net,
and safely lower them with a parachute,
protecting critical infrastructure, public events,
and military sites.

The remainder of non-consumable military equipment will consist of ongoing maintenance costs. Funding for the majority of non-consumable military equipment is anticipated to be sourced from the existing police budget.

Projected Use in 2026
With the large-scale events planned in 2026 to include Super Bowl 60 and FIFA World Cup, the use of Military equipment within the city will increase. Each of these events were given a Special Event Assessment Rating (SEAR) and require significant security increases over a traditional stadium event. The Santa Clara Police Department is working with multiple local, state and federal agencies to coordinate security at the events. Part of that planning process includes the use of equipment from outside agencies such as:
• Mobile Command Vehicles
• Armored Rescue Vehicles
• Additional tactical officers equipped with rifles and other weapons Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
18 Training Costs
Calendar Year 2025 – Military Equipment Use Training Costs The use of certain items of military equipment and related special tactics are perishable skills that require ongoing training to maintain proficiency. While the Department conducts constant training within its Training Division and within certain Specialized units (i.e. CNT, SWAT, Less-Lethal Cadre, etc) there is significant tactical insight and an enhanced skillset to be gained by participating in external training courses. These courses provide officers a curriculum and exercises designed to impart knowledge, skills, and enhanced capability. The courses attended by officers can vary year to year depending on operational need, trends, course and funding availability. Funding sources for training are sourced from the existing police budget and State and Federal grants unless otherwise indicated.

The following are external training classes attended by Department members in 2025 and associated costs related to military equipment covered in the annual equipment report:

Advanced Breaching for SWAT course
• Course Presenter: Bay Area Urban Areas Security Initiative (BAUASI) • Course Content: Advanced course covering explosive breaching techniques and best practices.
• Cost: $0/officer (3 Officers – Funded by BAUASI)
PepperBall Instructor/ Armorer Certification
• Course Presenter: PepperBall
• Course Content: This course certifies attendees as PepperBall instructors, allowing the attendee to design a course in a safe and effective use of the PepperBall system.
• Cost: $650/officer (3 Officers - existing police budget) Advanced Sniper Training
• Course Presenter: The Cadre
• Course Content: A comprehensive Advanced Precision Rifle Training Program tailored specifically to meet the specialized requirements for Santa Clara Sniper Team and supporting agencies.
• Cost: $1600/officer (6 Officers – Mix of existing police budget and 2026 event budget)
Chemical Agent Instructor’s Course
• Course Presenter: Southwestern Solutions
• Course Content: Extensive deep dive into tactical use of chemical agents in a variety of circumstances.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
19 • Cost: $1881 (5 Officers- Mix of existing police budget and 2026 event budget) UAS Crowd Management
• Course Presenter: The Regional Training Center
• Course Content: An 8-hour course designed to teach leveraging technology in crowd control situations.
• Cost: $185/officer (1 Officers – Mix of existing police budget and 2026 event budget)
Basic Sniper Course
• Course Presenter: Advanced Combat Evolutions
• Course Content: A 40-hour course designed to teach students the basics of deploying and operating as a sniper.
• Cost: $914/officer (1 Officer - existing police budget) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
20 Department Transparency
Community Complaints/Concerns/Comments
In some instances, the application and use of military equipment may cause questions and/or concerns for members of the community. It is vitally important that the Department address questions from community members regarding the application and use of military equipment.

The Santa Clara Police Department is committed to full and fair investigations of community member complaints. As such, the Department has sound internal procedures for thorough and impartial investigations of community complaints.

Resolving complaints in a fair, impartial, and expeditious manner will ensure the consistent high level of integrity and efficiency maintained by the Santa Clara Police Department.

The following is a summary of formal investigations, including officer-involved shootings and the use of military equipment from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Complaints or Concerns:

The Santa Clara Police Department’s Professional Standards Unit conducted an inspection of all reported complaints and concerns from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. The results of the inspection found zero (0) complaints or concerns related to the use of military equipment.

Officer-Involved Shootings (OIS):

There were zero (0) OIS incidents that occurred involving the use of military equipment from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

Response to Procedure Violations
California Assembly Bill 481, enacted California Government Code section 7072(a)(3), requires local law enforcement agencies to provide information regarding military equipment use procedure violations and responses to those violations. In accordance with the new law, the Santa Clara Police Department has actively tracked this information. From January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025, there have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy.

Responses:

Not applicable.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
21 Outreach and Community Engagement
The Santa Clara Police Department is committed to improving the trust and confidence between the Department and the community it serves. As the Department strives to enhance community relationships and continues to be a progressive leader amongst law enforcement agencies nationwide, we want to ensure the public has access to the way its Police Department operates and engages with the public.

The Santa Clara Police Department regularly utilizes select military equipment, including Unmanned Aircraft System, Armored Vehicles, the Mobile Incident Command and Crisis Negotiation Team Vehicles, during outreach and community events, as a means of public awareness, transparency, and education. Military equipment may also be displayed during community events as a means of providing a safe environment for the public to enjoy all the great amenities the City of Santa Clara has to offer.

Additionally, the department has a robust web and social media presence for two-way engagement with followers.

The Police Department held a public meeting on January 26th, 2026, to give the community a chance to provide input related to the purchase and use of military equipment. Comments and suggestions from the public members included the following:
 Requested additional details regarding Unmanned Aircraft System usage be added to the Department’s published Drone Activity Log.  Encouraged the Department to evaluate the use of rifles other than AR-15 to reduce the risk of serious injury while maintaining public safety.

The Santa Clara Police Department documents the date, time, location, and purpose of each Unmanned Aircraft System deployment in a Drone Activity Log that is published on the Department’s website. To protect privacy and sensitive information, locations are documented using non-specific identifiers.

The Department values the input received from the community and will carefully consider these comments as part of its ongoing review of policies, procedures, and practices related to military equipment. Consistent with the objectives of AB 481, the Department remains committed to transparency, accountability, and public engagement, and will continue to assess opportunities to strengthen oversight, promote responsible use, and ensure equipment is deployed only when necessary to protect the safety of the community and Department personnel.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
22 Internal Audits
California Assembly Bill 481 requires local law enforcement agencies to include the results of any internal audits or inspections conducted and any responsive actions in its annual military equipment use report. When an audit is conducted, inspectors shall refer to the department’s military equipment use policy for established guidelines regarding funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment.

The duty of auditing the Santa Clara Police Department’s military equipment use has been assigned to the Department’s Special Operations Division. This unit has developed a tracking and auditing process to ensure compliance, consistency, accountability, and transparency as outlined in SCPD General Order 706 (Military Equipment) which states the following:

SCPD General Order 706.3 Military Equipment Coordinator:

Compliance
The Chief of Police should designate a member of this department to act as the military equipment coordinator. The responsibilities of the military equipment coordinator include but are not limited to:
(a) Acting as liaison to the governing body for matters related to the requirements of this policy.
(b) Identifying department equipment that qualifies as military equipment in the current possession of the Department, or the equipment the Department intends to acquire that requires approval by the governing body. (c) Conducting an inventory of all military equipment at least annually. (d) Collaborating with any allied agency that may use military equipment within the jurisdiction of Santa Clara Police Department (Government Code § 7071). (e) Preparing for, scheduling, and coordinating the annual community engagement meeting to include:

1. Publicizing the details of the meeting.

2. Preparing for public questions regarding the department’s funding, acquisition, and use of equipment.
(f) Preparing the annual military equipment report for submission to the Chief of Police and ensuring that the report is made available on the department website (Government Code § 7072).
(g) Establishing the procedure for a person to register a complaint or concern, or how that person may submit a question about the use of a type of military equipment, and how the Department will respond in a timely manner.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
23 Internal Audit Results
The Military Equipment Coordinator conducted one audit related to department approved military equipment use from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.

The detail and results are listed below:

AUDIT – The military equipment coordinator completed an audit of all departmental military equipment, with the assistance of subject matter experts responsible for or assigned to the equipment. The scope of the inspection was to ensure operational readiness of the designated equipment assigned to officers and sergeants and compliance with AB 481.

FINDINGS – The results of the audit are included within this annual report.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
24 Summary of Military Equipment
The inventory of military equipment, particularly consumable material (diversionary devices, various munitions, explosive breaching tools, chemical agent, and smoke canisters, etc.) fluctuates regularly. Fluctuation is based on a variety of factors, including but not limited to operational usage, operational deterioration, training, maintenance, and expiration and replenishment guidelines. The Santa Clara Police Department is committed to transparency in disclosing its military equipment inventory and related information to our community and elected officials in compliance with the law.

The following are the various types, descriptions, and guidelines for usage of military equipment currently employed by the Santa Clara Police Department. (NOTE: The manufacturer descriptions and source photos contained within are referenced via publicly accessible website source citations unless otherwise stated. The website source citations utilized in this report are for equipment descriptive purposes only and are not an endorsement of a particular product or vendor by The City of Santa Clara or The Santa Clara Police Department. Additionally, the language used by the manufacturer to describe such equipment use is included in this report as required by California Government Code section 7070(d)(1), however, the descriptions may not align with the actual methods of use in accordance with Santa Clara Police Department Policy, as well as local, state, and federal law.)
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
25 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): An unmanned aircraft system of any type that can sustain direct flight, whether remotely controlled or via pre-programing, and all the attached systems designed for gathering information via photography, recording, or any other means.

Capability: The Santa Clara Police Department uses Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) of varying sizes and capabilities to enhance public safety. The UAS can be deployed when its view would assist officers or incident commanders with the following situations, which include but are not limited to: major collision investigations, search for missing persons, natural disaster management, crime scene photography, SWAT, tactical or other public safety and life- preservation missions, and in response to specific requests from local, state, or federal fire authorities for fire response and/or prevention.

The UAS are used in compliance with all federal, state, and local laws.

Usage: It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize UAS only for official law enforcement purposes, and in a manner that respects the privacy of our community, pursuant to state and federal law. Additionally, only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate any UAS during approved missions.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 606 (Unmanned Aircraft Systems), FAA Regulation 14 CFR Part 107 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, the City of Santa Clara UAS policy, and Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48. More informationabout the rules for public safety agencies can be found on the FAA website at https://www.faa.gov/uas/public_safety_gov/. The use of UAS is governed by federal, state, and local laws and regulations. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) governs all aircraft rules and regulations, including those applicable to UAS, for flight within the US National Airspace.

Training Requirements: All department UAS operators are licensed by the Federal Aviation Administration for UAS operation after the completion of an 80-hour training course. In addition, each UAS operator must attend 40 hours of department training prior to the operational use of the UAS, followed by quarterly department UAS training.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
26 DJI Matrice 400
Manufacturer: DJI
Manufacturer Description: The DJI Matrice 400 (M400) is a flagship enterprise drone platform for demanding professional tasks like power line inspection, mapping, public safety, and energy management, offering up to 59 minutes of flight time, a 13.2 lb (6kg) payload capacity for multiple sensors (like Zenmuse H30/L2), advanced obstacle avoidance (LAR, radar, vision), IP55 weather resistance, and powerful transmission for extended range, making it a versatile, reliable, and highly intelligent workhorse for complex industrial and emergency operations.
(Description source: https://www.dslrpros.com/pages/dji-matrice-400- lineup?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc_search&utm_term=dji%20matrice%204 00&utm_campaign=23347052385&utm_content=787781501898&gad_source=1&gad_c ampaignid=23347052385&gbraid=0AAAAADu2kMUtuvFsaDbKXrMnkCPBD6NUg&gcli d=CjwKCAiA95fLBhBPEiwATXUsxLym320c1Kt0qUZY8gG1LvBTNMAIbxOOPVkPhwq Nvz7SaSWrkS0UxxoCi1QQAvD_BwE)
DJI Matrice 30T
Manufacturer: DJI
Manufacturer Description: The DJI Matrice 30T Combo w/ Care Enterprise is the DJI Enterprise flagship, weatherproof drone that fits in a backpack. It integrates multiple high- performance sensors into one single camera payload, is controlled with the DJI

QUANTITY
1 LIFESPAN
5 years

INITIAL COST
$13,920/unit

QUANTITY
1 LIFESPAN
5 years

INITIAL COST
$13,999/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
27 RC Plus Remote and runs on upgraded DJI Pilot 2 software, which significantly improves the flight experience. The powerful M30T offers the endurance and capability necessary for rugged professional use-cases. Additionally, its size makes it ideal for easy transportation and fast setup. The UAS also includes a 40mm 640x512 30fps thermal imaging camera.
(Description source: https://www.uvt.us/dji-matrice-30- series?utm_medium=google&utm_source=adwords&utm_campaign=law%20enforceme nt%20drones&gclid=Cj0KCQiAsY3LBhCwARIsAF6O6XgAFrmvkTUM23wqTv0xMgzZV se5kZxs2vMvwY72I42bnt11eP4ipMMaAkiuEALw_wcB)
DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced
Manufacturer: DJI
Manufacturer Description: Designed to capture accurate details, the Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced is a highly versatile yet compact tool that features; high-resolution visual & thermal camera, 32x digital zoom, centimeter-level positioning, and RTK omnidirectional obstacle sensing.
(Description Source: https://www.dji.com/support/product/mavic-2) Sky Hero Loki Mk2

QUANTITY
4 LIFESPAN
3-5 years
INITIAL COST $9,500/per pair
Manufacturer: Sky Hero

QUANTITY
4 LIFESPAN
5 years

INITIAL COST
$6,500/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
28 Manufacturer Description: The Loki Mk2 is the most incredible indoor small tactical UAV system in the world, fully purpose built for close quarter, under roof, tactical scouting missions. Operating in congested and dark environment, its purpose is to place a microphone and a camera practically anywhere to collect critical life-saving intelligence of immediate threats ahead of a team. It enables reliable and rapid situational awareness for precise decision making, while maximizing the team’s safety. (Description source: https://www.axon.com/products/axon-sky-hero/loki) Yuneec H520

QUANTITY
1 LIFESPAN
3-5 years
INITIAL COST No cost, included
with robot
Manufacturer: Yuneec
Manufacturer Description: The H520E/520 is designed with the inspection industry in mind with six-rotor systems that allow for stable, precise flight, long focal-length lenses that allow the sUAS to fly at greater distance from an object and data storage that may be shared instantly from the ST16S/E Ground Station or delivered directly in 4K/2K/HD video or 20 Mp still images.
(Description Source: https://yuneec.online/h520-series/) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
29 Robots
Robots: A machine that operates on the ground that is capable of being controlled remotely as well as all the supporting or attached systems designed for gathering information through photographs, recordings, or by other means.

Capability: Robots can be used to provide protection from suspected and known explosive hazards. They are also used in tactical support of special operations and can be used to gain visual/audio data, deliver a Crisis Negotiation Team phone, open doors, and clear buildings.

Usage: Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be authorized to operate the Transcend Tactical Robot. Use is established by the Special Response Team Commander and or Incident Commander.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizationsand prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 404 (Special Response Team). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize a robot only for official law enforcement purposes pursuant to state and federal law including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: Robot operators of the Transcend Tactical Robot shall receive department training in the safe handling of the robots and show competence in the operation of the equipment.

Transcend Tactical Robot
QUANTITY 1
LIFESPAN 10-15 years
INITIAL COST $12,276/unit
Manufacturer: Transcend Robotics
Manufacturer Description: Double Patented Automatic Stair and Obstacle Climbing Chassis. No frustrating flipper controls: just move forward to climb stairs and obstacles.

Cameras: Drive Camera (Night Vision), Pan Tilt Zoom (25x zoom, 90/15 degree up/down tilt, auto infrared night vision), FLIR Thermal. ~ 3 hours constant driving. ~ 12 hours monitoring / intermittent driving. ~ 2,500 ft. LOS / ~500 ft. NLOS. 100+ lb. payload. Zero degree turning radius. Turns on carpet. Drives over clothes. Two Way Audio (Push to Talk). Key Ignition. Easy Battery Swapping (Robot & Controller).

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
30 (Description Source: https://www.transcendrobotics.com/) Recon Throwbot 2
QUANTITY 1
LIFESPAN 10-15 years
INITIAL COST $16,420/unit
Manufacturer: Recon Robotics
Manufacturer Description: The Throwbot® 2 (TB2) robot is a throwable micro-robot platform that enables officers to obtain instantaneous video and audio reconnaissance within indoor or outdoor environments. The Throwbot® 2 robot can be thrown into hazardous situations to allow officers to quickly make informed decisions. This microrobot is designed to be able to crawl over a variety of terrain, clearing obstacles up to 2″ (5 cm) tall. Once deployed, the robot can be directed to move through a structure and transmit real-time video and audio to the operator control unit (OCU). This system includes the Throwbot® 2 robot unit and the operator control unit (OCU). (Description source: https://reconrobotics.com/products/throwbot-2-robot/) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
31 Armored Vehicles
Armored Vehicle: Commercially-produced, wheeled, armored personnel vehicle utilized for law enforcement purposes.

Capability: Armored vehicles are utilized in response to critical incidents to enhance officer and community safety, improve scene contamination and stabilization, and assist in resolving critical incidents.

Usage: The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by a watch commander or SWAT commander, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident.

Armored vehicles shall only be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.

Legal Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 703 (Vehicle Use). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize armored vehicles only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: All drivers/operators shall attend formalized instruction and be trained in vehicle operations and practical driving instruction.

Bearcat
Manufacturer: Lenco
Manufacturer Description: The Lenco BearCat is the standard tactical armored vehicle for special operations units within the US Law Enforcement community. The G2 has excellent on-road driving characteristics and maneuverability in tight urban settings. The large floor plan seats 10 – 12 fully equipped officers with a long list of tactical features only found on the Lenco BearCat line of armored SWAT vehicles for Police and Government.
(Description Source: https://www.lencoarmor.com/vehicle/bearcat-g2/) QUANTITY 1
LIFESPAN 20 years
INITIAL COST $309,000/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
32 Bearcat Medevac
Manufacturer: Lenco
Manufacturer Description: The Lenco MedCat (BearCat Medevac) is purpose-built to meet the combined needs of SWAT and Tactical EMS teams, providing a safe and effective environment to deliver immediate care to trauma cases. (Description Source:
https://www.lencoarmor.com/vehicle/medcat/)
QUANTITY 1
LIFESPAN 20 years
INITIAL COST $382,371
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
33 Mobile Incident Command Vehicle (MIC)
Mobile Incident Command Vehicle: A completely self-contained command post designed to provide shelter, access to department computers, and restroom facilities for extended events. This vehicle can also be used to facilitate pre-planned or significant events, which require on-site planning and incident command personnel.

Capability: As a mobile base of operation, this vehicle contains specialized command, control and communications equipment which can be used during a critical incident, large events, natural disasters, and community events.

Usage: The MIC is to be utilized for planned or unplanned events. Only officers trained in the deployment and operations of the MIC, in a manner consistent with Department policy and training, are authorized to operate it.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 703 (Vehicle Use). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to use the MIC only for official law enforcement purposes,and in accordance with California state law regarding the operation of motor vehicles as well as the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: The driver/operator shall receive training in the safe handling of the vehicle on a closed training course. Once the operator has shown competence in vehicle handling, the driver/operator will drive the vehicle throughout the city with an experienced driver.

Mobile Incident Command Vehicle (MIC)
Manufacturer: Braun NW, INC
Manufacturer Description: The MIC is a 2026 F650 Chassis with significant customization to meet the needs of a Mobile Incident Command Vehicle. The MIC has a conference room and technology that allows it to be a mobile dispatch center.

QUANTITY 1
LIFESPAN 20 years
INITIAL COST $592,192/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
34 (Description Source unavailable due to customization) Crime Scene Investigation Team (CSI) Vehicle
Crime Scene Investigation Team Vehicle: A completely self-contained command post designed to provide shelter and access to Department computers for extended events.

Capability: As a mobile base of operation, this vehicle contains specialized command and communications equipment which can be used during critical incident callouts or major investigations.

Usage: The CSI vehicle may be used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver’s license.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 703 (Vehicle Use) and shall be in accordance with California state law regarding the operation of motor vehicles as well as the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Crime Scene Investigation Team (CSI) Vehicle
Manufacturer: 2018 Ford E450 Cutaway Custom
Manufacturer Description: The CSI Vehicle was custom built for the SCPD from a Ford E450 chassis.
(Description Source unavailable due to customization)
QUANTITY 1
LIFESPAN 20 years
INITIAL COST (APPROXIMATE) $186,714/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
35 40mm Launchers and Munitions
40mm Launchers: A single-shot weapon launcher capable of firing an array of 40mm rounds.

Capability: 40mm launchers can fire a variety of ammunition with a maximum effective range of one hundred thirty-one feet (131 feet).

Usage: The use of the 40mm may be deployed to limit the escalation of conflict where employment of lethal force is prohibited or undesirable. The range of the weapon system helps to maintain space between officers and a suspect and reduce the immediacy of the threat, which is a principle of de-escalation. This system has additional uses which include but are not limited to self-destructive, dangerous, and/or combative individuals, riot/crowd control and in civil unrest incidents, circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, against potentially-vicious animals, and in training exercises or displayed during community events.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Orders 300 (Use of Force) and 303 (Control Devices and Techniques). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize 40mm munitions only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law, including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: Sworn members utilizing 40mm less lethal chemical agent or impact rounds are trained in their use by P.O.S.T.-certified less lethal and chemical agent instructors.

Penn Arms 40mm Launcher (GL 1-40-C)
QUANTITY 26
LIFESPAN Unknown
INITIAL COST $1075
Manufacturer: Penn Arms
Manufacturer Description: A cerakoted 40mm single-shot break-open frame launcher with a rifled barrel, collapsible stock, and combo rail. Features include: Double-action trigger, trigger lock push button and hammer lock safeties. (Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
36 Combined Tactical Systems 4557 - 40mm Foam Baton
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: The Model 4557 Sponge Baton is a spin-stabilized projectile delivering blunt trauma effect. Although it is extremely accurate and consistent, accuracy is dependent on the launcher, using open sights vs. an improved sight, environmental conditions, and the operator. Effectiveness depends on many variables, such as distance, clothing, stature, and the point where the projectile impacts.

CAUTION: Shots to the head, neck, thorax, heart, or spine can result in fatal or serious injury.
(Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1)

QUANTITY 576
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $19/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
37 Chemical Agent and Smoke Canisters
Chemical Agent and Smoke Canisters: Canisters that contain chemical agents that are released when deployed.

Capability: Chemical agent and smoke canisters have a vast variety of individual capabilities and applications. Chemical agent and smoke canisters carry the agent into the environment in a variety of methods, including but not limited to a micro-pulverized solid (powder), a liquid mist (fogger), a liquid or foam stream, burning pellets (smoke), pyrotechnic devices, and vapor aerosols. Exposure to chemical agents normally causes no lasting effects. This equipment has various indoor and outdoor capabilities and uses.

Chemical agents shall be used with caution and only by trained personnel.

Usage: Chemical agent and smoke canisters are used to limit the escalation of conflict where employment of lethal force is prohibited or undesirable. Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to, self-destructive individuals, dangerous and/or combative individuals, riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents, circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, potentially vicious animals, and in training exercises or displayed during community events.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 303.6 (Tear Gas Guidelines). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize chemical agents only for official law enforcement purposes, in accordance with the department’s Use of Force Policy, and pursuant to state and federal law, including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: SCPD Officers utilizing chemical agent and smoke canisters are certified by California POST less lethal and chemical agent instructors.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
38 Combined Tactical Systems 5230B (CS) Baffled Canister Grenade Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: Pyrotechnic grenade designed for indoor use delivering a maximum amount of irritant smoke throughout multiple rooms with minimal risk of fire. (Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) Combined Tactical Systems 9230-CS Jet-Lite Rubber Ball Grenade, Pyro QUANTITY 24
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $29/unit
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: The 9230 CS Jet-Lite Rubber Ball Grenade is one of the smaller diameter burning grenades that discharges a high volume of chemical agents through multiple emission ports. Specifically, for outdoor use and should not be deployed from rooftops, in crawl spaces or indoors due to fire producing capability. (Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) QUANTITY 37
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $36/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
39 Defense Technology Spede-Heat 40mm
QUANTITY 14
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $28/unit
Manufacturer: Defense Technology
Manufacturer Description: The Spede-Heat™ CS Long-Range Munitions delivers one chemical canister of CS agent from a 40 mm launcher down range up to 150 yards. The Spede-Heat™ is a pyrotechnic round designed specifically for outdoor use in crowd control situations with a high volume continuous burn that expels its payload in approximately 20-40 seconds from a single source. The Spede-Heat family may be used to conceal tactical movement or to route a crowd.
(Description Source: https://www.defense-technology.com/) Combined Tactical Systems 4330 - CS Liquid Barricade
QUANTITY 58
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $26/unit
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: Liquid CS filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents into an adjacent room.
(Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) ~

SPEDE-HEA
cs
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Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
40 Combined Tactical Systems 6340 (OC) - Vapor Grenade
QUANTITY 9
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $36/unit
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: CTS 6340 – This unique grenade delivers an invisible OC vapor and renders an intense respiratory effect to a non-compliant subject. (Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) Defense Technology Fogger Aerosol (OC)
QUANTITY 10
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $18/unit
Manufacturer: Defense Technology
Manufacturer Description: The 6 oz. OC Aerosol Grenade will deliver a payload of

1.3% MC% OC in 20-25 seconds. This is an atomized mist which enhances the pungent

1.3% OC formulation. Ideal for area denial areas like attics, garages, etc. The canister may also be handheld to direct the spray pattern. This product is designed to provide room clearing ability with minimum clear up requirements. (Description Source: https://www.defense-technology.com/product/first-defense-7-mk-9- fogger-oc-aerosol/)
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
41 Combined Tactical Systems LC5 Launching Cup
Combined Tactical Systems LC5 Launching Cup: A cup that attaches to the department’s Remington 870 12-gauge shotguns, which allows officers to launch canisters of chemical agents or smoke.

Capability: The Combined Tactical Systems LC5 Launching Cup is capable of being attached to the almost any 12-gauge shotgun.

Usage: The use of the Combined Tactical Systems LC5 Launching Cup may be deployed to limit the escalation of conflict where employment of lethal force is prohibited or undesirable. The range of the weapon system helps to maintain space between officers and a suspect and reduce the immediacy of the threat, which is the principle of de-escalation. This system has additional uses which include but are not limited to selfdestructive, dangerous, and/or combative individuals, riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents, circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, potentially vicious animals, and training exercises or approved demonstrations.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Order 300 (Use of Force). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize this equipment only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law, including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: Officers utilizing the launching cups are trained by California P.O.S.T.-certified chemical agent instructors.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
42 Combined Tactical Systems LC5 Launching Cup
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: The LC5 Launching Cups are designed for the 5200 series grenades. The cups can be attached to virtually any 12ga shotgun, and the munition launched with our model 2600 launching cartridge. These can be fired from most 12ga smooth bore shotguns.
(Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) CTS 2600 and Deftech 1210 Launching Cartridges
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc / Safariland
Manufacturer Description: These non-projectile 12GA “blank” launching cartridges allow SRT officers to safely launch chemical agent canisters with a launching cupequipped, dedicated Remington 870 shotgun. (Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) QUANTITY 39
LIFESPAN No expiration
INITIAL COST $302/unit
QUANTITY 99
LIFESPAN No Expiration
INITIAL COST $5/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
43 Diversionary Devices
Diversionary Devices: Canisters that emit a loud noise and bright light that is used to distract dangerous persons.

Capability: A Diversionary device is ideal for distracting dangerous suspects during assaults, hostage rescue, room entry or other high-risk arrest situations. To produce atmospheric over- pressure and brilliant white light and, as a result, a diversionary device can cause short-term (6- 8 seconds) physiological/psychological sensory deprivation to give officers a tactical advantage.

Usage: Diversionary devices are used during training and tactical events when a diversion or distraction are believed to be an effective tool to bring an event to a safe resolution. Diversionary devices shall only be used by officers who have been trained in their proper use, in hostage and barricaded subject situations, in high-risk (search/arrest) warrant services where there may be extreme hazards to officers, during other high-risk situations where their use would enhance officer safety, and during training exercises.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in General Order 303.10 (Noise Flash Diversionary Devices). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize diversion devices only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law regarding the use of force including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: Prior to using this equipment, officers must attend diversionary device training that is conducted by California POST certified instructors.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
44 Combined Tactical Systems, 7290-5 Flash-Bang
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: 7290-5 – The patented multi-bangs feature top and bottom non-fragmenting, minimal movement devices that perform with high reliability incorporating CTS Superior fuze components with the patented and US Army adopted Confidence Clip and pin shroud.
(Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) Combined Tactical Systems, 7290M Mini Flash-Bang
Manufacture: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacture Description: The CTS 7290M Mini Flash-Bang is the newest generation in the evolution of the Flash-Bang. Our Model 7290M Flash-Bang exhibits all the same attributes of its larger counterpart but in a smaller and lighter package. Weighing in at just 15 ounces the new 7290M is approximately 30% lighter than the 7290 but still has the same 180db output of the 7290 and produces 6-8 million candela of light. The patented design of the 7290M, incorporates a porting system that eliminates movement of the body at detonation even if the top or bottom of the device should be in contact with a hard surface. In addition, internal adjustments have greatly reduced smoke output.
(Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) QUANTITY 9

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $107/unit
QUANTITY 86

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $38/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
45 Combined Tactical Systems, CS 9593 Sting Ball Grenade QUANTITY 11

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $40/unit
Manufacturer: Combined Systems, Inc.

Manufacturer Description: 9593 – Multi-effect grenades with a loud blast, bright flash, and dispersion of stinging .31 caliber pellets. Can also be configured to dispense an instantaneous cloud of irritant powder.
(Description Source: https://combinedsystems.com/products?page=1) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
46 Rifles and Munitions
Rifles: The rifle is a gun that is fired from shoulder level, having a longer, grooved barrel intended to make bullets spin and thereby have greater accuracy over a long distance.

Capability: The rifle provides officers the ability to engage hostile suspects at distances generally greater than the effective distance of their handguns. Additionally, rifles offer advantages over handguns, such as increased accuracy potential and the ability to defeat soft body armor. However, rifles are not appropriate for every situation.

Usage: To be used as precision weapons to address a threat with more precision and/or greater distances than a handgun, if present and feasible.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in General Order 300 (Use of Force) and (Firearms). It is the policy of the Santa Clara Police Department to utilize rifles only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law regarding the use of force, including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: Prior to using a rifle, officers must be certified by POST instructors in the operation of the rifle. Additionally, all members that operate any rifle are required to pass a range qualification four times per year.

The Department currently possesses the following rifles:

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
47 Colt (AR-15 / M4) Rifle .223/5.56 caliber
Manufacturer: Colt
Manufacturer Description: Throughout the world today, Colt's reliability, performance, and accuracy provide our Armed Forces the confidence required to accomplish any mission.

Colt's LE6920 series shares many features of its combat-proven brother, the Colt M4. (Description Source: https://www.colt.com/detail-page/colt-le6920- carbine-223556-161-301-pmag-mbus-4-pos-stk-blk)
JP (LRP-07 Rifle) .308 caliber
Manufacturer: JP
Manufacturer Description: The LRP-07™ was designed as a .308 platform to cure the shortcomings of existing rifles and still handle like an AR-15. Machined from billet with all the attention to cosmetic perfection that appears in our CTR/SCR design, this rifle utilizes a self-folding, left side charging handle that affords additional leverage and makes it unnecessary to dismount the rifle to charge or clear it. The felt recoil impulse on the LRP-07™ is also nothing short of amazing as it was designed from the magazine well up to use our Low Mass Operating System (LMOS™). Equipped with the MK III Hand Guard System, the LRP utilizes our standard 2" diameter tube (rather than the larger tubes common to .308 platforms) surrounding a JP Supermatch™ barrel available in lengths from 16" to 22".
(Description Source https://www.jprifles.com/1.2.5_LRP07.php) QUANTITY 118

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $1,175/unit
QUANTITY 4

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $3,569/unit
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
48 Spartan (Defiance Ruckus) Rifle .338 caliber
QUANTITY 2

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $4,400/unit
Manufacturer: Spartan
Manufacturer Description: Unable to find manufacturer description.

Remington 700 .308 caliber
QUANTITY 1

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $3,999/unit
Manufacturer: Remington
Manufacturer Description: Remington engineers are taking the strength and precision of the Model 700 action to new levels of hair-splitting accuracy with the latest additions to our tactical lineup. Introducing the Remington Model 700 Magpul Enhanced. It's Magpul Hunter stock with Magpul M-Lok mount serves as a rock-solid base for your best long-range performance yet. It's 20" heavy barrel with 5R rifling, delivers added stability and precision, and comes with a threaded muzzle and protector for ease in adding a suppressor.
(Description Source: https://www.remarms.com/rifles/bolt-action/model-700/) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
49 Desert Tech (SRS-A1) .338
QUANTITY 2

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $3,849/unit
Manufacturer: Desert Tech
Manufacturer Description: The Desert Tech SRS-A1 is the pinnacle of a long-range precision in a compact design, using aircraft grade materials to minimize its size and weight. The A1 brought some much need enhancements to its predecessor, the SRS (Stealth Recon Scout). Namely, a user configurable picatinny rail sections in the forearm, an adjustable cheek rest, and a more durable and reliable bolt. It also uses a new type of polymer that increases its strength by more than 150% while maintaining the same weight. The Desert Tech SRS-A1 maintains a ½ MOA accuracy or better with its use of a match grade barrels and triggers. The Barrels are 100% free-floating, meticulous machining of chambers and crowns, and rock solid return-to-zero barrel mounting system. The SRS-A1 is the shortest sniper rifle in the world because it uses a telescoping bolt and bullpup configuration. This combination makes it nearly a foot shorter than other conventional sniper rifles.
(Description Source: https://www.bisontactical.com/desert-tech-srs-a1/) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
50 Hornady .223 Remington, 75 grain, Tap Ammunition
QUANTITY 55,500

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $160/case of 200
Manufacturer: Hornady
Manufacturer Description: This match accurate load is our heavy TAP® offering in 223 Rem. This load is suitable for a short barreled rifle that has either a 223 Rem or

5.56 NATO chamber. The 75 gr. bullet offers deeper penetration than the 55 gr. and 60 gr. TAP Urban® bullets. The 75 gr. BTHP penetrates with minimal deflection and provides rapid fragmentation, thus delivering more energy to the target. This bullet generates very large and consistent wound cavities, serving as an ideal choice for 223 Rem precision rifle applications.
(Description Source: 75 gr BTHP TAP PRECISION® - Hornady Law Enforcement) Hornady .223 Remington, 55 grain, Full Metal Jacket Tap Ammunition QUANTITY 78,500

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $200/case of 500
Manufacturer: Hornady
Manufacturer Description: Hornady® 223 Rem Training™ ammunition compliments the current TAP® duty rounds by delivering comparable, yet economical ammunition for law enforcement training. Utilizing efficient production processes and quality brass or steel cases, Hornady® Training™ ammunition delivers reliable functioning, accuracy, and point of aim / point of impact consistency when compared to comparable duty rounds.
(Description Source: https://www.hornadyle.com/rifle-ammunition/55-gr-fmj-bttraining#!/) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
51 Federal Lake City, 5.56x45MM Green Tip, 62 grain
QUANTITY 1,000

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $195/case of 600
Manufacturer: Federal
Manufacturer Description: The 62 grain Green tip Penetrator 5.56mm ammo features a 62 grain steel core full metal jacket bullet, brand new never fired virgin brass casing that is annealed for lower expansion purposes and has a non-corrosive primer.

Currently used by the United States military, this is the best 5.56mm ammunition on the market. Federal Lake City XM855 ammo can be used for target & practice shooting, sport shooting, small-game hunting, law enforcement and etc. This Federal 5.56mm ammo load is packaged in a new production ammo can of 800 rounds perfect for long term shelf life. Federal Lake City 5.56mm Green Tip ammo offers a muzzle velocity of 3104 feet per second and a muzzle energy of 1326 ft lbs. Federal XM855 5.56mm NATO ammunition is loaded to Military specification at the Lake City facility. This particular load uses the XM855 bullet which is a 62 grain Green Tip Steel Penetrator.

The finished rounds consist of sealed primers which is ideal for long term storage and moisture protection.
(Description Source: SCPD Rangemaster)
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
52 Hornady .308 WIN, 168 grain, ELD Match Tap Precision cartridge QUANTITY 4,800

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $252/case of 200
Manufacturer: Hornady
Manufacturer Description: We carefully select every component to ensure uniformity, then load to exacting specifications to provide pinpoint accuracy. Each cartridge is loaded with either Hornady® A-MAX® bullets, our high-performance boattail hollow points, or the new, radically superior ELD® Match bullets. Stringent quality control ensures proper bullet seating, consistent charges and pressures, optimal velocity, consistent overall length, and repeatable accuracy.
(Description Source: https://www.hornady.com/ammunition/rifle/308-win-168-gr-bthpmatch#!/) Hornady .308 WIN, 110 grain, Tap Urban cartridge
QUANTITY 1,000

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $252/case of 600
Manufacturer: Hornady
Manufacturer Description: This cartridge provides the police marksman a unique bullet that demonstrates rapid expansion, fragmentation, and low retained weight. The 110 gr. TAP Urban® bullet offers the least penetration in ballistic gelatin and lower felt recoil as compared to heavier TAP® loads. The 110 gr. bullet demonstrates similar penetration to the 223 Rem 75 gr. BTHP bullet, but with substantially more temporary and permanent cavity and fragmentation, proving itself an excellent choice for high collateral risk environments.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
53 (Description Source: 308 Win 168 gr BTHP Match™ - Hornady Manufacturing, Inc) Ruag .308 WIN, 164 grain, Tactical cartridge
QUANTITY 480

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $907/case of 300
Manufacturer: Ruag
Manufacturer Description: The RUAG .308 WIN., 164 grain, Tactical cartridge is ammunition deployed during potential lethal encounters, when shooting through barriers. The 164 grain projectile is capable of accurately striking targets behind an angled window or windshield, without the risk of unpredictable bullet deflection Conventional bullets break apart or fragment when penetrating glass, which does not allow an accurate hit.
(Description Source: SCPD Range Master)
Ruag .308 WIN, 196 grain, Armor Piercing cartridge
QUANTITY 400

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $962/case of 200
Manufacturer: Ruag
Manufacturer Description: The RUAG .308 WIN., 196 grain, Armor Piercing cartridge is ammunition deployed during potential lethal encounters, when shooting through heavy barriers. The 196 grain projectile is capable of accurately striking targets behind armor, without the risk of unpredictable bullet deflection. Conventional bullets break apart or fragment when penetrating armor, which does not allow an accurate hit. (Description Source: SCPD Range Master)
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
54 Ruag .338 Lapua Magnum, 247 grain, Styx Action cartridge QUANTITY 1400

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $647/case of 200
Manufacturer: Ruag
Manufacturer Description: The RUAG .338 Lapua Magnum, 247 grain, Styx Action cartridge is ammunition deployed during potential lethal encounters, in high collateral risk environments. The 247 grain Styx Action cartridge offers a unique projectile that allows rapid expansion, fragmentation & low retained weight. It also offers the least penetration, but with substantially more temporary & permanent cavity & fragmentation. (Description Source: SCPD Range Master)
Ruag .338 Lapua Magnum, 250 grain, Tactical cartridge
QUANTITY 400

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $818/case of 300
Manufacturer: Ruag
Manufacturer Description: The RUAG .338 Lapua Magnum, 250 grain, Tactical cartridge is ammunition deployed during potential lethal encounters, when shooting through barriers. The 250-grain projectile is capable of accurately striking targets behind an angled window or windshield, without the risk of unpredictable bullet deflection Conventional bullets break apart or fragment when penetrating glass, which does not allow an accurate hit.
(Description Source: SCPD Range Master)
_. RUAGSWISS-$ The Snii:er's Choice
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, r .33B LapUII Mag '
RUAG SWISS{t, ho;, snq:er·:1- ::h:.:~
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
55 Ruag .338 Lapua Magnum, 260 grain, Armor Piercing cartridge QUANTITY 800

LIFESPAN N/A
INITIAL COST $1,296/case of 200
Manufacturer: Ruag
Manufacturer Description: The RUAG .338 Lapua Magnum, 260 grain, Armor Piercing cartridge is ammunition deployed during potential lethal encounters, when shooting through heavy barriers. The 260 grain projectile is capable of accurately striking targets behind armor, without the risk of unpredictable bullet deflection. Conventional bullets break apart or fragment when penetrating armor, which does not allow an accurate hit. (Description Source: SCPD Range Master)
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
56 Explosive Breaching Tools
Explosive Breaching Tools: Tools that are used to conduct an explosive breach.

Capability: Explosive breaching tools have a variety of individual capabilities. The listed tools are utilized by SWAT operators and are capable of breaching glass, metal doors, wood doors, deadbolts, locks, and hinges.

Usage: The listed equipment is used by SWAT operators to safely gain entry into a structure during high-risk operations.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Orders 300 (Use of Force), and 404 (Special Response Team). It is the policy of the SCPD to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: All officers who use explosive breaching tools shall attend 40 hours of explosive breaching instruction and must receive quarterly training for explosive operations.

Detonating Cord – Primacord 25 grain
QUANTITY 2 lbs
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $350
Manufacturer: Dyno Nobel Inc.

Manufacturer Description: PRIMACORD detonating cords are flexible linear explosives with a core of PETN explosive encased in a textile outer jacket.

Manufacturer Description: NONEL STARTER is a nonelectric detonator consisting of a spooled length of yellow shock tube with a Standard (#8) detonator attached to one end and the other end sealed. The detonator is housed in a plastic bunch block which facilitates easy connection to both shock tube and detonating cord. NONEL STARTER is designed to provide controlled, nonelectric initiation of surface and underground blast rounds.

Detonating Cord – Primacord 50 grain
QUANTITY 1 Roll and 1 Partial Roll
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $5,168
Manufacturer: Dyno Nobel Inc.

Manufacturer Description: PRIMACORD detonating cords are flexible linear explosives with a core of PETN explosive encased in a textile outer jacket.

PRIMACORD detonating cords are designed for use as trunklines and/or downlines in various mining, quarrying and construction applications. (Description Source:
https://www.dynonobel.com/siteassets/assets/dyno/resourcehub/technicalinformation/north-america/initiation-systems/detonating-cord/primacord.pdf) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
58 C2 Primasheet
QUANTITY 8.8 lbs
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST $1,183
Manufacturer: Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense
Manufacturer Description: PRIMASHEET® Flexible Sheet Explosive has been developed to meet your breaching and demolition needs. We manufacture PRIMASHEET® 1000 (DETASHEET® Flexible Explosive), a PETN based sheet explosive, and Primasheet® 2000, an RDX based sheet explosive. PRIMASHEET® 2000 is equally as powerful as a C-4 explosive but, because of its consistent performance and properties, blast damage can be minimized by exact cutting of the sheet.
(Description Source: https://www.ebad.com/primasheet-sheet-explosive/) Explosive Charges
QUANTITY 19
LIFESPAN 5 years
INITIAL COST Included above
Manufacturer: SCPD Breaching Cadre
Manufacturer Description: Breaching charges are specially designed to cause structural failure of the desired target. The breaching charges in stock were built in house by the SRT breaching cadre. Various types, configurations, and energetic weights are maintained for use as needed. Older charges are cycled out of stock during monthly training.
(Description Source: SCPD Lead Breacher)
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
59 PepperBall Launcher and Munitions
PepperBall Launcher: A device that discharges PAVA powder projectiles.

Capability: A PepperBall Launcher can quickly and accurately deploy small, non-lethal projectiles (“Pepper Balls”) from an effective distance of 150 feet, that produce a chemical that can rapidly produce sensory irritation or disabling physical effects in humans, which disappear within a short time following termination of exposure.

Usage: PepperBall equipment is used to limit the escalation of conflict where employment of lethal force is prohibited or undesirable. Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include but, are not limited to self-destructive individuals, dangerous and/or combative individuals, riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents, circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, potentially vicious animals, and in training exercises or displayed during community events.

Legal and Procedural Rules: The use of this equipment shall comply with the authorizations and prohibitions set forth in SCPD General Orders 300 (Use of Force) and 303.7.2 (Pepperball Projectile Systems). It is the policy of the SCPD to utilize PepperBall Launchers only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to state and federal law, including the provisions of Penal Code section 13652, initiated by California Assembly Bill 48.

Training Requirements: SCPD officers utilizing PepperBall launchers and projectiles are trained in their use by California POST certified less lethal and chemical agent instructors.

Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
60 PepperBall Launcher
QUANTITY 15
LIFESPAN 20 years
INITIAL COST $499/unit
Manufacturer: PepperBall
Manufacturer Description: The heart of the PepperBall system is the projectile and the UTS team of engineers, designers, scientists, and craftsmen have spent decades developing the precision PepperBall launchers, proprietary powder formulas, shells, and automation manufacturing equipment. This work continues today to ensure that officers can control crowds, disable assailants, and accomplish their missions while minimizing the risk of death or serious injury to the public and law enforcement officers. (Description Source: https://pepperball.com/about/)
PepperBall Munitions (INERT)
QUANTITY 8,250
LIFESPAN 3 years
INITIAL COST $2,400
Manufacturer: PepperBall
Manufacturer Description: Containing a harmless, scented powder, the VXR INERT projectile offers greater distance and accuracy when compared to a standard round ball projectile. Best suited for training and direct impact when chemical exposure is not desired.
(Description Source: https://pepperball.com/projectiles/vxr-inert/) Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
61 PepperBall Munitions (LIVE-X)
QUANTITY 5,325
LIFESPAN 3 years
INITIAL COST $4,492
Manufacturer: PepperBall
Manufacturer Description: A powerful concentration of 5% PAVA pepper powder. One round of PepperBall® LIVE-X™ contains the equivalent PAVA irritant organic agent in

2.5 classic PepperBall LIVE™ rounds. Excellent for direct impact, area saturation and crowd control.
(Description Source: https://pepperball.com/projectiles/pepperball-live-x/) PepperBall Munitions (LIVE-MAXX)
QUANTITY 250
LIFESPAN 3 years
INITIAL COST $648
Manufacturer: PepperBall
Manufacturer Description: Our most potent and powerful projectile, PepperBall® LIVE-MAXX™ is formulated with MAXSAICIN™, a new proprietary process that produces powder with more airborne PAVA. PepperBall LIVE-MAXX has 50% more bioavailability than our standard PAVA powders. (Description Source: https://pepperball.com/projectiles/live-maxx/) 90 ® ► p
Parpp& B aP.

LNEMAXX
Annual Military Equipment Use Report 2025
62 Conclusion
The acquisition and use of military equipment in our communities may impact the public’s safety and welfare. The public has a right to know about any funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment by local government officials, as well as a right to participate in the local government’s decision to fund, acquire, or use such equipment. When making decisions regarding how military equipment is funded, acquired, or used, the Santa Clara Police Department considers the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties.

In a continued effort for greater transparency, the Santa Clara Police Department places high regard on meaningful public input in the use of military equipment in our community, in an effort to increase the safety of the public. Further details regarding AB 481 can be found here:
https://www.santaclaraca.gov/our-city/departments-g-z/policedepartment/community/assembly-bill-481-military-equipment-funding-acquisition-anduse-policy Any member of the public can submit a compliment, inquiry, or complaint to any member of the Department and in any form (i.e., in person, telephone, email, online form or hard copy form in various languages, etc.). Details on how to make a Citizen’s Commendation, Inquiry or Complaint, the investigative process and corresponding forms are available online at:
https://www.santaclaraca.gov/our-city/departments-g-z/police-department/contactus/compliments-and-complaints RTC 26-85: Exhibit A- Summary of Santa Clara Police Department Military Equipment and Funding Equipment Category Purpose Authorized Use Law Enforcement Uses Acquisition
Funding
Source
In Use
Since
Robot and
Unmanned
Aircraft
1 Support high-risk or life-preservation
operations; conduct visual/aerial
assessments and searches; assist deescalation and EOD operations; and collect aerial photo/video evidence
when other methods are unavailable or
less effective.

Only assigned operators
who have completed the
required training shall be
permitted to operate either
piece of equipment. Use is
established by the Incident
Commander
Robot:

Mobile audio/video surveillance; delivery of
items to suspects; support of crime
prevention and investigation.

Unmanned Aircraft:

Disaster response and damage
assessment; missing-person searches and
rescue; aerial situational awareness for
dangerous incidents (including suspected
explosives); identification and
documentation of criminal activity.

Federal
Grant
2005
Armored
Rescue
Vehicle
2 Used during critical incidents to
enhance safety, improve containment,
and support incident resolution.

Use authorized only by a
Watch Commander or
SWAT Commander during
based on the specific
circumstances of a critical
incident; operated solely by
trained personnel in
accordance with Department
policy and training
Evacuate uninvolved individuals, provide
armored protection for officer approach or
access, broadcast messages or warning
tones, call out a barricaded suspect.

Federal
Grant*
2010
Command
and Control
Vehicles
5 Used for critical incident callouts Mobile command post during critical incidents, natural
disasters, and other largescale events to enhance
coordination, visibility, and
public safety. The CNT
vehicle shall be operated
only by officers and staff
trained in its safe use.

Serve as a secure on-scene workspace
during crime scenes or critical incidents and
transport equipment necessary for
operations.

Grant,
General
Fund and
City’s
disposal/reu
se program
2002
Breaching
equipment
7 To safely access a structure. Explosive breaching is
authorized only by the
Incident Commander or
SWAT Commander in the
field and during approved
training exercises.

Force entry into closed or locked doors and
serve as a diversionary tactic during the
apprehension of dangerous suspects.

Grant,
General
Fund and
Asset
Forfeiture
Program
2007
Specialized
Firearms
and
Ammunition
10,12,14 Used as precision weapons to address
threats at greater distances or with
increased accuracy when feasible.

Only members that are
POST certified are
authorized to use a rifle
Non-lethal tool to stop an armed subject at
various distances and provide a temporary
diversion during suspect apprehension.

Grant,
General
Fund and
Asset
Forfeiture
Program
1975 -
2000
*This item was purchased with UASI grant funds and is a regional law enforcement asset.

City of Santa Clara
Agenda Report
1500 Warburton Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95050
santaclaraca.gov
@SantaClaraCity
26-195 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026

REPORT TO COUNCIL

SUBJECT
Action to Authorize the Use of City Water and Sewer Utility Forces at Various Locations to Implement Water Main Replacement Projects, Including Projects Scheduled for Construction in Calendar Year 2026 and Ratification of Completed Projects

BACKGROUND
For approximately the last 30 years, the City’s Water and Sewer Utility Department (Department) has been engaged in replacing dilapidated water mains nearing the end of their useful life or with a history of leaks. Since this effort began, about 2 miles of pipeline have been replaced each year.

Historically, water main replacement projects have been implemented using City labor forces under the “maintenance and repair” exception to competitive bidding for public works under Santa Clara City Charter Section 1310. However, because the scope of the replacement work is similar to other projects brought forth for council authorization for City use of labor forces, the Department seeks ratification of replacement work completed within the last three years and scheduled for Calendar Year (CY) 2026. In addition, as a best practice moving forward, the Department will request Council authorization at least annually for the use of City forces on future water main replacement work.

City Charter Section 1310 titled “Contracts on Public Works” states, in part that, “every contract involving an expenditure of more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) for the construction or improvement, excluding maintenance and repair, of public buildings, works, streets, drains, sewers, utilities, parks and playgrounds shall be let to the lowest responsible bidder.” The City Charter further states that “the City Council may declare and determine that, in its opinion, the work in question may be performed better or more economically by the City with its own employees, and after the adoption of a resolution to this effect by at least four affirmative votes, it may proceed to have said work done in the manner stated, without further observance of the provisions of this section.”

DISCUSSION
Staff believes that the work described below is best and most efficiently performed with City Utility Forces based upon the following factors: (1) City Utility Forces have in-house knowledge and training in operating and maintaining the water distribution system that can be leveraged to more economically perform this work; and (2) bidding out the work and contracting with a private entity would not likely result in a lower overall cost or time savings. Therefore, staff recommends that the City Council find that City Utility Forces can better perform water main replacement projects and ratify the use of City Utility Forces on the following completed projects and projects scheduled for CY 2026:

Completed Projects:

CIP 0101: White Drive (from Hayward Street to Arroyo Drive), Arroyo Drive (from White Drive to Las Palmas Drive), Buchanan Drive (from Arroyo Drive to El Camino Real), and Las Palmas Drive (from Arroyo Drive to El Camino Real) City of Santa Clara Page 1 of 5 Printed on 3/6/2026
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26-195 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026
Description of Work: Replace 3,600 linear feet (LF) of 6” and 8” cast iron (CI) water main with new 8” ductile iron (DI) water main
Estimated Cost: $1,102,182
Completion Date: March 2023
CIP 0102: Benton Street (from White Drive to San Thomas Expressway), Blackfield Court, Loyola Court, and Buchanan Court
Description of Work: Replace 1,340 LF of 10” CI water main with new 12” DI water main, 280 LF of 6” CI water main with new 6” DI water main, and 600 LF of 4” CI water main with new 6” DI water main
Estimated Cost: $969,780
Completion Date: October 2023
CIP 0103: Las Palmas Drive (from Benton Street to El Camino Real) Description of Work: Replace 2,230 linear feet (LF) of 8” cast iron (CI) water main with new 8” ductile iron (DI) water main
Estimated Cost: $1,032,630
Completion Date: October 2023
CIP 0104: Loyola Drive (from Benton Street to Arroyo Drive) Description of Work: Replace 1,680 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $852,375
Completion Date: November 17, 2023
CIP 0105: Buchanan Drive (from Benton Street to El Camino Real) and Encina Way (from White Drive to Loyola Drive)
Description of Work: Replace 2,167 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $1,115,288
Completion Date: January 4, 2024
CIP 0106: Chromite Drive (from Monroe Street to Bowers Ave) Description of Work: Replace 1,615 LF of 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $820,350
Completion Date: March 27, 2024
CIP 0108: Glade Drive (from Monroe Street to Agate Drive) Description of Work: Replace 1,160 LF of 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $517,448
Completion Date: April 3, 2024
CIP 0112: Agate Drive (from Glade Drive to Moraine Drive), Icefield Court, and City of Santa Clara Page 2 of 5 Printed on 3/6/2026
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26-195 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026
Landslide Court
Description of Work: Replace 1,465 LF of 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main, 165 LF of 6” CI water main with new 6” DI water main, and 100 LF of 4” CI water main with new 6” DI water main
Estimated Cost: $865,121
Completion Date: June 5, 2024
CIP 0107: Meadowbrook Drive (from Monroe St to Agate Drive) Description of Work: Replace 1,295 LF of 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $592,489
Completion Date: July 17, 2024
CIP 0111: Crystal Drive (from Glade Drive to Chromite Drive) Description of Work: Replace 1,795 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $844,114
Completion Date: August 28, 2024
CIP 0110: Borax Drive (from Glade Drive to Chromite Drive) Description of Work: Replace 2,140 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $1,011,015
Completion Date: December 3, 2024
CIP 0109: Amethyst Drive (from Glade Drive to Chromite Drive) Description of Work: Replace 2,420 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $1,134,929
Completion Date: March 18, 2025
CIP 0113: Pruneridge Avenue (east) (from Lawrence Expressway to Giannini Drive) Description of Work: Replace 1,950 LF of 10” CI water main with new 12” DI water main Estimated Cost: $923,003
Completion Date: July 18, 2025
CIP 0114: Hillsdale Ave (from Pruneridge Avenue to Carlysle Ave) and Hillsdale Court Description of Work: Replace 1,150 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main, and 200 LF of 6” CI water main with new 6” DI water main
Estimated Cost: $621,863
Completion Date: June 17, 2025
CIP 0115: Giannini Drive (from Pruneridge Avenue to Carlysle Ave), Carlysle Ave (from Giannini Drive to Hillsdale Avenue), and Hudson Drive (from Pruneridge Avenue to Hillsdale Avenue)
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26-195 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026
Description of Work: Replace 680 LF of 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main, and 1,270 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main
Estimated Cost: $851,663
Completion Date: August 2, 2025
CIP 0116: Pruneridge Avenue (west) (from Hubbard Ave to Meadow Avenue), Meadow Avenue (from Pruneridge Ave to Hubbard Avenue), and Hubbard Avenue (from Meadow Avenue to Pruneridge Avenue)
Description of Work: Replace 710 LF of 10” CI water main with new 12” DI water main, and 1,310 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8” DI water main
Estimated Cost: $957,990
Completion Date: December 12, 2025
Projects Scheduled for Construction in CY 2026:

CIP 0117: Meadow Avenue (from Pruneridge Avenue to Melody Lane), Hubbard Avenue (from Pruneridge Avenue to Melody Lane), Melody Lane (from Meadow Avenue to Hubbard Avenue), and Shasta Drive (from Meadow Avenue to Hubbard Avenue)
Description of Work: Replace 690 LF of 10” CI water main with new 12” DI water main, 540 LF of 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main, and 1,580 LF of 6” CI water main with new 8" DI water main
Estimated Cost: $1,360,058
Expected Completion: March 2026
CIP 0118: Larsen Court, De Vos Court, Thrush Court, and 2499 Homestead Road (Utility Easement)
Description of Work: Replace 590 LF of 6“ CI water main with new 8” DI water main, 370 LF of 4” CI water main with new 8” DI water main, and 230 LF of 4” CI water main with new 6” DI water main
Estimated Cost: $294,920
Expected Start: March 2026
CIP 0119: La Herran Drive, Hillsdale Avenue, La Salle Avenue, De Soto, Randolph Avenue, Magellan Avenue, Daniel, Montclair Drive, Montclair Court, Fulton Court, and Cody Court
Description of Work: Replace 8,140 LF of 6” and 8” CI water main with new 8” DI water main Estimated Cost: $2,632,440
Expected Start: May 2026

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The actions being considered are exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines sections 15302(c) (Class 2 - Replacement or Reconstruction) because they involve the replacement or reconstruction of existing utility systems and/or facilities involving negligible expansion of capacity.

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26-195 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026

FISCAL IMPACT
The funds to support staff time and related construction material costs for completed, ongoing, and upcoming projects, detailed in this report, total $18,499,658. These projects are part of the ongoing efforts to rehabilitate or replace water utility mains in the five-year Water and Recycled Water Utilities capital improvement program. Past projects were budgeted in the Department’s capital improvement program, with the staff costs budgeted in the operating budget. Future projects will be part of the annual capital improvement program budget process and operating budget to be considered by the City Council. Funding for projects currently underway is appropriated from the Department’s existing capital project budgets and the operating budget for City staff costs.

COORDINATION
This report has been coordinated with the Finance Department and City Attorney’s Office.

RECOMMENDATION

1. Determine that the proposed actions are exempt from CEQA pursuant to Section 15302(c) (Class 2 - Replacement or Reconstruction) of Title 1 of California Code of Regulations; and

2. Declare and determine in accordance with Section 1310 of the City Charter that the public works described in this report and generally located at White Drive, Benton Street, Las Palmas Drive, Loyola Drive, Buchanan Drive, Chromite Drive, Glad Drive, Agate Drive, Meadowbrook Drive, Crystal Drive, Borax Drive, Amethyst Drive, Pruneridge Drive, Hillsdale Drive, Giannini Drive, Pruneridge Avenue (West), Meadow Avenue, Larsen Court, La Herran Drive, Hillsdale Avenue, La Salle Avenue, De Soto Avenue, Randolph Avenue, Magellan Avenue, Daniel Way, Montclair Drive, Fulton Court, and Cody Court, are better performed by the City with its own employees based on the information set forth in this Report to Council and authorize the performance of these public works consistent with this authorization, including ratification of completed projects.

Reviewed by: John Ramirez, Director of Water & Sewer Utilities Approved by: Jovan D. Grogan, City Manager
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City of Santa Clara
Agenda Report
1500 Warburton Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95050
santaclaraca.gov
@SantaClaraCity
26-64 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026

REPORT TO COUNCIL

SUBJECT
Action on the City’s 2026 Legislative Advocacy Positions

BACKGROUND
On October 9, 2018, Council adopted Resolution No. 18-8611 to approve a Legislative Advocacy Position (LAP) Policy (Attachment 1). The purpose of the LAP Policy is to establish clear guidelines for advancing City goals and positions through legislative review and advocacy at the regional, State, and federal levels of government and to provide guidance for City officials who serve on regional, State, and national boards, committees, and commissions when they are asked to review public policy matters and issues.

The LAP Policy requires the City Council to adopt or update the LAPs at the beginning of the calendar year to identify specific legislative priorities outside of the legislative guiding principles listed below:
· Support the League of California Cities and National League of Cities positions on priority bills that benefit Santa Clara
· Protect local revenue sources and prevent unfunded mandates · Protect and/or increase funding for specific programs and services · Protect and/or increase local government discretion
· Advance approved policies such as the City’s Statement of Values, the General Plan, or the Climate Action Plan
Staff is presenting eleven (11) 2026 LAPs (Attachments 2 and 3) for the City Council’s consideration and adoption. If approved, staff and the City’s legislative consultant, Townsend Public Affairs, LLC (Townsend), will use these LAPs to track, monitor and advocate for legislation that is consistent with the City’s legislative priorities and provide quarterly legislative updates to the Council on those efforts as required by the LAP Policy.

DISCUSSION
Between December 2025 and February 2026, the City Manager’s Office and Townsend conducted legislative briefings with departments and Councilmembers to share updates on current state and federal activity and identify legislative priorities for 2026. The proposed 2026 LAPs reflect Councilmembers and departments’ feedback and once adopted, will provide updated guidance on how to advance the City’s goals this year.

The 2026 LAPs consist of the 11 existing 2025 LAPs, seven (7) of which were updated to reflect current positions on key policy issues. A summary of the proposed updates is provided below:

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Broadband, Cable Services, and Wireless Telecommunications Facilities The federal and state governments have made efforts to limit or preempt local control over placement of wireless telecommunications facilities and supporting structures in and outside the rights of way.

Over the past several years, actions by federal and state lawmakers, and regulating entities, have resulted in the adoption of regulations and orders controlling local authority over placement of wireless facilities, including the adoption of “shot clocks” requiring local agencies to complete review of projects within a specified time period.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating this LAP to include the following position statement:
· Support legislation and policies that would provide options for recovering costs associated with providing broadband services.

Staff also recommends expanding an existing position statement about supporting efforts to retain and expand local control of permitting wireless communications and non-cable services in the public right-of-way to include “City property.”
Community Services
The City of Santa Clara offers a wide range of community services through Santa Clara City library, parks and recreational facilities, and in partnership with community organizations and non-profits.

The Santa Clara City Library is a dynamic community hub that provides access to information, literacy resources, educational programming, and civic engagement opportunities for the Santa Clara community.

The City’s Parks and Recreation Department provides planning, development, operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of the City's neighborhood parks, mini parks, community parks, open space sites, recreation buildings, trails, joint use facilities, and bodies of water at five sites. The department also assists the public with facility rentals, community services, cultural programs, special events, enhanced natural environments, fitness and wellness programs, as well as sports and aquatics opportunities.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating this LAP to include the following position statement:
· Support state and federal funding and resources to create a more informed, engaged, and welcoming experience for immigrants.

Staff also recommends expanding an existing position about support for funding and efforts that enhance programs that serve low-income seniors to include “providing access to nutritional meals.” Emergency Management
The City’s Office of Emergency Services maintains an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in “response-ready” condition to serve as the City’s hub for emergency management activities in support of large-scale emergencies or planned events. In the event of any all-hazard emergency, the City will closely monitor County, State and federal orders, guidance and legislation to see how they apply to Santa Clara, advocate for regional, State, and federal resources and funding to provide as City of Santa Clara Page 2 of 7 Printed on 3/6/2026
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26-64 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026
needed assistance to individuals and businesses that have been negatively impacted and focus on economic recovery.

Recommended Updates: No updates are proposed for this LAP at this time.

Energy Legislation, Regulations and Issues
The City’s electric utility, Silicon Valley Power (SVP), has a mission to be a progressive, serviceoriented utility, offering reliable, competitively priced services for the benefit of Santa Clara and its customers. Additionally, in 2018, SVP adopted a Strategic Plan that is intended to address the challenges facing the utility over a ten-year period. This LAP works to further the objectives outlined in the Strategic Plan and complements the other LAPs adopted by the City.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating this LAP to include the following position statements:
· Support policies and legislation that allow SVP to provide safe, reliable, affordable energy to businesses and residents.
· Support legislation streamlining the CEQA processes for rebuilding infrastructure damaged by wildfires.
· Support efforts to increase the utilization of hydropower, including, but not limited to streamlining of hydropower relicensing processes and including hydropower as part of the Renewable Portfolio Standard.
· Oppose legislation that would impose additional costs on SVP customers, or would require the implementation of programs whose costs would be passed on to SVP customers Housing
The City is committed to being a leader at the local level in providing affordable housing, as well as making a fair share contribution to the overall need for housing production within Silicon Valley, and will continue to proactively take concrete steps to realize new housing production within the City.

Santa Clara is also prepared to participate in broader regional efforts that are collaborative, recognize the unique characteristics of local jurisdictions, and provide opportunities for local representation. The City is monitoring potential measures imposed at the State or regional level that can reduce local control, recognizing that in some instances such measures can be necessary or helpful to advance common goals across multiple jurisdictions, but also recognizing that such efforts may have unintended consequences, limited effectiveness, or create inequities due to a lack of consideration of localized circumstances.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating this LAP to include the following position statements, including those that reflect Councilmember(s)’s feedback:
· Support legislation that provides homeowners, renters, and businesses with access to affordable private property insurance, including in areas that are subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes or wildfires.
· Support planning processes that align with state objectives and the City’s adopted Housing Element.

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26-64 Agenda Date: 3/10/2026
· Support legislation that would require the Department of Housing and Community Development to consistently provide timely detailed review and clear, consistent and specific requirements for achieving Housing Element certification and pro-housing designation, to further streamline the local jurisdictions’ housing policy review and adoption processes. · Oppose housing, development, and zoning objectives or directives at the regional level that conflict with state requirements and/or do not integrate seamlessly into the state’s existing Housing Element review process.

Staff also recommends expanding an existing position statement to reflect Councilmember(s)’ feedback about support for legislation to amend liability insurance requirements to reduce delays and facilitate construction of these multifamily housing developments to include “and other regulatory barriers related to the development of condominiums.”
Human Resources and Public Sector Employment
The City of Santa Clara provides a myriad of services to the community, including police, fire, public works, electric utility, planning, parks and recreation, and library services. The City employs approximately 1,203 full-time equivalent employees that provide these and other services to the community. These services provide opportunities and careers for all types of interests, and the City should endeavor to leverage the rewards and benefits that come with working for the City.

Recommended Updates: No updates, except for a minor edit to the overview section of the LAP, are proposed at this time.

Public Safety
Santa Clara is committed to promoting a living and working environment that allows for the best quality of life. The City believes that crime prevention and enforcement efforts are integral to creating and maintaining a safe environment for residents and visitors. At the same time, the City recognizes that crime prevention and enforcement efforts alone cannot foster community safety and wellness; education, intervention and prevention efforts on various public safety topics, such as gun violence, gang activity, alcohol and tobacco use, driver and bicycle safety, and driving under the influence, are equally important. Additionally, as the State and region continues to experience civil unrest and an unprecedented number of natural and man-made disasters, the City recognizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to public safety.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating the LAP to include the following position statement:
· Support legislation and funding that strengthens recruitment and retention of public safety personnel, including workforce housing incentives and other strategies that improve affordability and long-term staffing stability in high-cost regions.

Staff also recommends updating an existing position statement about supporting efforts to facilitate timely and complete implementation of voter-approved public safety initiatives aimed at reducing crime to provide additional clarification by specifically identifying Proposition 36 as an example of a voter-approved initiative aimed at reducing crime and improving public safety.

Regional Issues and Collaboration
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While the City of Santa Clara is unique in many ways, it experiences many of the same issues as other cities in the region. As described in other LAPs, the City works closely with other jurisdictions to address a variety of issues that impact residents and businesses in Silicon Valley and the greater San Francisco Bay Area, such as affordable housing, homelessness, transportation, emergency management, sustainability, water conservation, and airplane noise. The City recognizes the importance of regional collaboration and participates in various regional organizations to not only advance the City’s goals but to contribute to regional work efforts.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating this LAP to include the following position statements, including those that reflect Councilmember(s)’s feedback:
· Support legislation and funding efforts that provide benefits to local businesses. · Support legislation and other efforts to mitigate the number of communities where residents lack access to affordable, healthy food options, and increase the availability of healthy food options within existing food deserts.
· Monitor legislation related to artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on communities through the direct application of AI, the job and economic opportunities generated through AI-related employers, and the impact on regional resources.

Staff also recommends updating an existing position statement related to supporting federal and state legislation to provide funding for regional solutions to problems, such as housing, homelessness, emergency management and response, water supply, climate change, sustainability, resiliency, and transportation. The proposed update clarifies that such support applies to regional approaches for addressing “local” problems.

Sustainability and Environmental Protection
The City strives to conduct its operations in a way that is environmentally conscious and promotes sustainability and is dedicated to collaborating with regional stakeholders to improve the air quality, water quality, and overall environmental quality of life for the residents and businesses of the City.

Sustainability and environmental issues at the state and federal levels will likely continue to result in new legislation and regulation changes that could significantly impact the City. The City’s monitoring and advocacy efforts will be geared towards ensuring that emerging legislation and regulations align with the City’s interests in providing sustainable services to its residents and businesses.

Recommended Updates: No updates are proposed for this LAP at this time.

Transportation Issues
The City of Santa Clara believes that a robust transportation network, and related infrastructure, is a critical element to a successful and thriving community. The City works with the federal government, State government, and regional stakeholders to ensure that residents and businesses have access to traditional modes of transportation and promote alternative modes that would alleviate traffic congestion and pollution. Additionally, it is important for the City’s transportation network to continue to evolve to best serve the future needs of the community.

Recommended Updates: Staff recommends updating the LAP to include the following position statements, including those that reflect Councilmember(s)’s feedback:

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· Support legislation that promotes the safe operation of e-bikes, including requirements for safety training, helmets and safety equipment appropriate for the class of e-bike being operated, and age-appropriate restrictions for certain classifications of e-bikes. · Support efforts to provide protections to the public (all roadway users: pedestrians, drivers, and cyclists) that prevent conflicts and promote safe autonomous vehicle operations on Santa Clara roadways.

Staff also recommends expanding an existing position statement about supporting legislation and efforts that provide funding for diverse transportation projects to include “traffic safety” improvements.

Water Supply and Conservation
The City of Santa Clara operates 21 wells that tap the underground aquifers and make up about 62% of the City's potable water supply. The underground aquifers are replenished from local reservoirs by the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) water recharge program and through surface water infiltration. The remaining water is supplied by water imported from the SCVWD and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) through the Hetch-Hetchy Reservoir.

For certain approved non-potable uses, recycled water from the San Jose/Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility's South Bay Water Recycling (SBWR) facility is used. This highly treated water is delivered through separate pipelines and makes up about 20% of the water sales in the City.

Recycled water offsets the use of potable sources in drought-prone California and is a reliable source for conservation of potable sources. The City continues to work closely with SBWR in order to increase recycled water supplies in order to meet existing demands within the City.

The City continually works to meet State reporting requirements. The State Water Resources Control Board adopted new regulations in July 2024, Making Conservation a California Way of Life, that establish unique efficiency goals for each urban retail water supplier in California. As part of the regulation, suppliers-not individual households or businesses-will be held to Urban Water Use Objectives. Starting January 1, 2025, and by January 1 every year after, each urban retail water supplier must calculate its Urban Water Use Objective and, beginning January 1, 2027, annually demonstrate compliance with its objective.

Recommended Updates: No updates, except for minor edits to the overview section of the LAP, are proposed at this time.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The action being considered does not constitute a “project” within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15378(b)(5) in that it is a governmental organizational or administrative activity that will not result in direct or indirect changes in the environment.

FISCAL IMPACT
There are no costs associated with this report except for administrative time.

The City has an existing agreement with Townsend Public Affairs for state and federal legislative advocacy services, which includes conducting orientations and developing and implementing a City of Santa Clara Page 6 of 7 Printed on 3/6/2026
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legislative strategy as part of the City’s all-inclusive monthly fee.

COORDINATION
This report was coordinated with the City Attorney’s Office. The LAPs were coordinated with Townsend Public Affairs and the departments with purview over the issues within the LAPs, including Community Development, Fire, Human Resources, Information Technology, Library, Office of Emergency Services, Parks and Recreation, Police, Public Works, Silicon Valley Power, and Water and Sewer Utilities.

RECOMMENDATION
Adopt the 2026 Legislative Advocacy Positions on Broadband, Cable Services, and Wireless Telecommunications Facilities; Community Services; Emergency Management; Energy Legislation, Regulations and Issues; Housing; Human Resources and Public Sector Employment; Public Safety; Regional Issues and Collaboration; Sustainability and Environmental Protection; Transportation Issues; and Water Supply and Conservation in the forms presented.

Reviewed by: Christine Jung, Deputy City Manager
Approved by: Jovan D. Grogan, City Manager

ATTACHMENTS

1. Legislative Advocacy Position Policy

2. 2026 Legislative Advocacy Positions - Redline

3. 2026 Legislative Advocacy Positions - Clean
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City of Santa Clara
Policy and Procedure Manual

LEGISLATIVE ADVOCACY POSITION POLICY
PURPOSE To establish clear guidelines for advancing City goals and positions through legislative review and advocacy at the regional, state, and federal levels of government and to provide guidance for City officials who serve on regional, state, and national boards, committees, and commissions when they are asked to review public policy matters and issues.

POLICY To attain a comprehensive review of legislation affecting cities, to obtain the Council position on proposed legislation, to make the City’s position known, and to maintain a record of pertinent information, the following guidelines shall be followed.

All legislative reviews are to be made on the basis of the effect on the City and citizens as a whole, and taking into account existing City positions, policies, or goals, rather than on the individual’s personal feelings.

The guiding principles for legislative advocacy include and are not limited to:
• Support the League of California Cities and National League of Cities positions on priority bills that benefit Santa Clara. • Protect local revenue sources and prevent unfunded mandates. • Protect and/or increase funding for specific programs and services. • Protect and/or increase local government discretion.
• Advance approved policies such as the City’s Statement of Values, the General Plan, or the Climate Action Plan.

Annually, Legislative Advocacy Positions (LAP) shall be adopted or updated by the City Council at the beginning of the calendar year to identify specific legislative priorities outside of the legislative guiding principles listed above and posted on the City’s website.

PROCEDURE
FOR

EVALUATING
AND

SUPPORTING

LEGISLATIVE

ADVOCACY
Legislation and issues of interest are brought to the City’s attention through several means: the League of California Cities, the National League of Cities, the Cities Association of Santa Clara County, Council Members, city staff, citizens, and professional or governmental organizations and legislators. All legislation or issues of interest are to be referred to the City Manager’s Office.

1. City Manager’s Office (CMO) reviews the proposed legislation and, if warrants, requests assistance from one or more departments.

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Resolution No. 18-8611
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City of
Santa Clara
The Center of What's Possible
LEGISLATIVE ADVOCACY POSITION POLICY (cont.)

2. CMO/Department evaluates the bill for its impact upon Santa Clara, recommends a position and potential action, and drafts a position statement or support/opposition letter.

3. If Council has previously adopted a policy directly relevant to the legislation or the proposed legislation is generally consistent with the City’s overall guiding principles for legislative advocacy or LAP, the Mayor or City Manager may sign a letter supporting or opposing legislation on behalf of the city as further detailed below.

4. If a Council policy relative to the legislation does not exist, the issue is politically controversial, or there is significant local interest in the issue, the proposed legislation including a recommendation to support, remain neutral, or not support the legislation is brought to Council for consideration.

5. Letters and other communications expressing the City’s position on legislation will customarily bear the signature of the Mayor in accordance with City Charter Section 704.2 – 704.3. If the legislation’s principal impact affects the City’s operation, the communication may be signed by the City Manager.

6. In order to keep the Council informed of all City communications on legislation, copies of the letter or summary of actions will be distributed to the City Council as information items in the Council Meeting Agendas.

7. Staff will provide and/or coordinate quarterly legislative updates on public policy items of interest to Council and departments.

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Resolution No. 18-8611
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RESOLUTION NO. 18-8611

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA

ADOPTING A LEGISLATIVE ADOVACY POSITION POLICY AND
RESCINDING COUNCIL POLICY 018 POSITION ON NON-CITYRELATED ISSUES BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA AS FOLLOWS:

WHEREAS, establishing a Legislative Advocacy Position Policy will provide guidelines for advancing City goals and positions through legislative review and advocacy at the regional, state, and federal levels of government; and,
WHEREAS, establishing a Legislative Advocacy Position Policy will provide guidance for City officials who serve on regional, state, and national boards, committees, and commission when they are asked to review public policy matters and issues; and, WHEREAS, the Legislative Advocacy Position Policy, attached hereto as Attachment 1, will expedite and streamline the City of Santa Clara's legislative advocacy processes.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED BY THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA AS FOLLOWS:

1. That the Legislative Advocacy Position Policy, attached hereto as Attachment 1, is hereby approved and adopted, and the City Manager is directed to number (and renumber, as appropriate) the Council Policy Manual such that they are organized in a logical fashion.

2. That Council Policy 018 Position on Non-City-Related Issues is hereby rescinded.

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Resolution/Adoption of Legislative Advocacy Position Policy Rev: 11 /22/17

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City Council and Authorities ConcurrentMarch 10, 2026

City Council and Authorities Concurrent
March 10, 2026