NO VOTES
APN
PARCEL OWNER TOTAL
ADDRESS ASSESSMENT
4289020005 1918 MAIN STREET 1918 MAIN STREET ASSOCIATES LLC 876.62 4288002045 2625 MAIN STREET 2625 MAIN. LLC 513.34
4288002025 2627 MAIN STREET 2627 MAIN LLC 509.56
4288002026 2631 MAIN STREET 2633 MAIN LLC 254.79
4288002027 2633 MAIN STREET 2633 MAIN LLC 254.79
4288002036 2637 MAIN STREET 2637 45 MAIN LLC 1, 91022.
4289016025 2219 MAIN STREET ADKINS, ALTHEAH T TR 1, 46986. 4288003032 2801 MAIN STREET ARGYROPOULOS, JAMES P TR 254.79 4288011003 2712 MAIN STREET ARGYROPOULOS, JAMES P TR 126.37 4288011009 2708 MAIN STREET ARGYROPOULOS, JAMES P TR 213.24 4289022018 2210 MAIN STREET AVIVA GROUP LLC 512.65
4288014035 2522 MAIN STREET BUTEYN, DALE AND JEROME S 941.55 4288002032 2651 MAIN STREET CALHOUN, JEAN B 513.34
4288002033 2653 MAIN STREET CALHOUN, JEAN B 254.79
4288004020 2925 MAIN STREET FELDMAN, JORDON CO-TR 258.56 4288001042 2420 2ND STREET FIELDMOUSE PARTNERSHIP 4, 65734. 4289021011 2104 MAIN STREET HERRERA, ISIDRO F 434.41
4288015005 2428 MAIN STREET JARVIS, DAVID D 122.59
4288001026 2503 MAIN STREET JEFFRIES, MARY H TR 254.79
4288003040 2713 MAIN STREET LEONARD,. GOBI A TR 254.79
4288003035 2727 MAIN STREET MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP 254.79 4289021012 2110 MAIN STREET NEO FACTO 876.62
4288015006 2434 MAIN STREET PERLOFF, BERNARD TR 122.59
4288015007 2430 MAIN STREET PERLOFF, BERNARD TR 122.59
4288015008 2430 MAIN STREET PERLOFF, BERNARD TR 122.59
4288015009 2434 MAIN STREET PERLOFF, BERNARD TR 122.59
4288015034 2400 MAIN STREET PERLOFF, BERNARD TR 1, 49671. 4289018003 2015 MAIN STREET SAPORITO, JAMES CO TR 876.62 4288001019 2407 MAIN STREET SCHEFFER, DAVID AND CLARK, GIGI 258.56 4288006015 3100 MAIN STREET SMCA MAIN STREET PLAZA LLC 2, 97131. 4289022054 2200 MAIN STREET SNYDER, RUTH TR 528.18
4289022017 2216 MAIN STREET WESTERN URBAN VENTURES LLC 516.43 4288011002 2710 MAIN STREET WESTSIDE PROPERTIES 2 LLC 122.59 4288011004 2716 MAIN STREET WESTSIDE PROPERTIES 2 LLC 248.96 TOTAL
AGAINST: $ 22, 56271.
3 5.I.a
Packet Pg. 614 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual IN WITNESS WHEREOF, 1 have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal this 22 day of July, 2008.
Maria M. Stewart
City Clerk
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Packet Pg. 615 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Attachment
1 Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram
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Packet Pg. 616 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Attachment2
Engineer'sReport
for the
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and
Sidewalk Cleaning
Assessment District
Fiscal Year 2008-09)
Prepared under the provisions of the
Benefit Assessment A ct of 1982
For the
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
Los Angeles County, California
Prepared by:
Harris. & Associates
April 23, 2008
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Packet Pg. 617 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page i
ENGINEER'SREPORT
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT FISCAL YEAR 2008.09
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report ..............................................................................
Part A -Plans and Specifications ..............................
Part B -Estimate of Cost ..................:........................
Part C -Method of Apportionment ............................
Part D -Assessment Diagram ...................................
Part E -Assessment Roll ........................................... 1 3
4 10
14 g9santa monicalmsbia 82 acflreports~sta monica msbia fights sdwk ad =pt 23api98. doc
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Packet Pg. 618 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 1
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
FISCAL YEAR 2008.09
ENGINEER'S REPORT
PREPARED PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE
BENEFIT ASSESSMENT ACT OF 1982
ARTICLE 4, CHAPTER 6.4
OF THE CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE
Pursuant to Part 1, Division 2 of'Title 5 of the Government of the State of California; and in accordance with the Resolution of Initiation adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Monica, State of Califomia, in connection with the proceedings for:
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT Hereinafter referred to as the "Assessment District" or "District", I, Joan E. Cox, P.E., the authorized representative of Harris & Associates, the duly appointed ASSESSMENT ENGINEER; submit herewith the "Report" consisting of five (5) parts as follows:
PART A
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for the existing and ultimate improvements aze as set forth on the lists thereof, attached hereto, and are on file in the Housing and Economic Development Department and are incorporated herein by reference.
PART B
ESTIMATE OF COST
The estimated cost to be funded by the District for the operation, .servicing and maintenance of the improvements for fiscal year 2008-09, including incidental costs and expenses in connection therewith.
PART C
METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT
The method of apportionment of assessments indicates the proposed assessment of the net amount of the costs and expenses of the maintenance andlor servicing of the existing and ultimate improvements to be assessed upon the several lots and parcels of land within the Assessment District in proportion to the estimated special benefits to be received by such lots and pazcels. q:\santa monica~nsbia S2 act\ sarepoAs\monica msbia lights sdw$ ad tp[ 23apxO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 619 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica- Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008.
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 2 PART D
ASSESSMENT DIAGRAM
The Assessment Diagram, which shows the exterior boundaries of the Assessment District, the boundaries of any zones within the Assessment District and the lines and dimensions of each lot or pazcel of land within the Assessment District, is provided herein.
The lines and dimensions of each lot or pazcel within the Assessment District are those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles for the fiscal yeaz to which this Report applies. The Assessor's maps and records aze incorporated by reference herein and made part ofthis Report.
PART E
ASSESSMENT ROLL
An assessment of the estimated cost of the improvements on each benefited lot or parcel of land within the Assessment District is provided herein.
The undersigned respectfully submits the enclosed report as directed by the City Council. The undersigned certifies that she is a Professional Engineer, registered in the State of California.
DATED: Apri123, 2008
Harris & Associates
BY: Joan E. Cox, P.E.
R. E. CNo. 41965
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 acflrepoffi\sta monica msbia ligfits sdwk ad ipt 23apri78.doc
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Packet Pg. 620 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica- Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 3 PART A
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF IMPROVEMENTS
FOR THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT FISCAL YEAR 2008-09
The facilities, which have been constructed within the Main Street Business Area of the City of Santa Monica, and those which may be subsequently constructed, will be serviced and maintained as generally described as follows:
Festoon Liehtine
Overall bulb replacement (initial yeaz) and on-going operation and maintenance.
Improvements include but are not limited to: fixtures, bulbs, conductors; equipment including. guys, anchors, metering devices, controllers and appurtenant facilities as required to provide festoon lighting in Main Street, from Pico Boulevard to south of Marine Street within the boundaries of said Assessment District.
Maintenance means the furnishing of services and materials for the ordinary and usual operation, maintenance and servicing of the festoon lighting improvements or appurtenant.
Operating and servicing means the famishing of electric energy for the festoon lighting improvements or appurtenant facilities, the operation of controllers and the administration of all aspects of the maintenance and the District.
Sidewalk Cleanine
Steam cleaning of the sidewalks 10-times per yeaz (in addition to the City's standazd twice a year cleaning) and once a month spot cleaning.
Improvements include but are not .limited to: sidewalks, curb and gutter, curb ramps and appurtenant facilities in public rights- wayof--within the boundaries of said Assessment District.
Maintenance means the furnishing of services and materials for the cleaning and servicing of the sidewalk improvements or appurtenant facilities including steam cleaning.
Operating and servicing means the administration of all aspects of the maintenance and the District.
The plans and specifications for the improvements, showing the general nature, location and the extent of the improvements, are on file in the Housing and Economic Development Department and aze by reference herein made a part of this report.
q:\sania monica\msbia 82 acflreports\sfa monica msbis lights sdwk ad tpt 23apNS.doc
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Packet Pg. 621 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 4 PART B
ESTIMATE OF COST
The City's budget for the operation, maintenance and servicing of festoon lighting and sidewalk cleaning, shown below, details the estimated costs for Fiscal Yeaz 2008-09 as available at the time of preparation of this report. The incidental expenses may include engineering fees, legal fees, printing, mailing, postage, publishing, and all other related costs identified with the district proceedings Funds raised by the assessment shall be used only for the purpose as stated herein. A contribution to the District by the City may be made to reduce assessments or maintenance may be deferred to reduce the overall annual cost, which in tum would reduce the assessment, as the City Council deems appropriate annually.
Any balance or deficit remaining on July 1 must be carried over to the next fiscal yeaz.
Estimated
Annual
Improvements Budget
Festoon Lighting Bulb Replacement
Est. Replacement Costs
City Administration and Contingency (20%)
Est. Annual Cost
5 years @ 7% interest
Annual Administration (10%)
Year 1 of 5:
110,000
22,000
132,000
32,193
3,219
35,412
Festoon Lights 08M
Electricity $ 17,000
Maintenance $ 6,000
23,000
Annual Administration (10%) $2,300
Replacement Reserve (20%) $4,600
29,900
Sidewalk Cleaning $ 21,200
Annual Administration (10%) $2,120
23,320
Total Est. Annual Budget $ 88,632
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sareports~monica msbia lights sdak ad ipt 23api08.doc
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Packet Pg. 622 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Cityof Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 5 PART C
METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT
Introduction
The Benefit Assessment Act of 1982 ( hereinafter referred to as the " 1982 Act") permits the establishment of assessment districts by cities for the purpose of providing certain public improvements which include the maintenance and operation costs of streets and street lighting services.
Streets" as defined herein is based on the definitions provided by the Office of the Controller forthe State of California in the Gzidelines Relafing to Gas Tax Expenditures published by the Division of Local Governrnent Fiscal Affairs. The state's gas tax program is administered in city agencies, but audited by the Office of the State Controller. The proceeds of the gas tax aze statutorily limited to expenditures for streets and roads. Because the funds are restricted to street and road costs, the State Controller has developed " Street Purpose Definitions and Guidelines" based on the Manual of Uniform Highway Accozznting and Financial Management Proeedzzres developed by the American Association of State Highway Officials. " Streets"; as it relates to this District; is defined as the operation or maintenance of facilities within the right- cvayof-used for street. or road purposes.
The 1982 Act requires that maintenance assessments be levied according to benefit. Section 54711 provides that the "amount of the assessment imposed on any pazcel of property shall be related to the benefit to the parcel which will be derived from the provision of the service". Additionally, Section 4715(c) of the 1982 Act permits the designation of zones of benefit within any individual assessment district " on a pazcel, class of improvement to property, or use of property basis; or a combination thereof'. 'T'hus, the 1982 Act requires the levy of a true "assessment" rather than a "special tax." In addition, Proposition 218, which added Article XIIID to the California Constitution, requires that a parcel's assessment may-not exceed the reasonable cost for the proportional special benefit conferred on that parcel. Article XIIID provides that only special benefits aze assessable and the City must sepazate the general benefits from the special benefits. It also requires that publicly owned properties which benefitfrom the improvements be assessed.
This report establishes the formula to be used to distribute the. costs of providing the services described in this report to the benefiting pazcels within the City. q:\santa monica\msbia 82 actkeporGS\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apA8.doc
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Packet Pg. 623 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 6 Benefit Analysis
A. Festoon Lights along Main Street
Special Benefits. The Festoon Lights along Main Street are in addition to the streetlights already in place. Therefore, these lights provide enhancement of the existing lighting.
The Festoon Lights provide- additional community character and vitality to the properties along Main Street, in that they:
Promote social interaction,
Promote business and industry,
Contribute to a positive nighttime visual image, and
Enhance pedestrian safety.
Therefore; all properties along Main Street receive direct and special benefit from the additional community character and vitality provided by the Festoon Lighting.
There are a variety of land uses within the benefiting area, including residential and commercial uses, mixed residential and commercial uses, institutional uses ( such as church, library .and museum), parking lots and access ways, and parks. Different land uses benefit differently from the additional lighting.
Commercial properties are considered to benefit from all four aspects of the. additional community character and vitality; therefore, they receive a benefit factor of 1.
Mixed use parcels, with commercial on the bottom floors and residentiaLon the top floors, are considered to benefit the same as commercial properties; therefore, they also receive a benefit factor of 1:
Institutional properties, such as libraries, museums and communitygardens, are considered to benefit from the promotion of social interaction and the enhancement of pedestrian safety, which are two of the four aspects; therefore, they receive a benefit factor of one-half (0.5).
Park properties are essentially vacant properties but are used for social interaction. Therefore, park properties are. considered to benefit from the promotion of social interaction and from enhanced pedestrian safety; therefore, they also receive a benefit factor of one-half (0.5).
Residential properties are not considered to receive significant benefits from the additional lighting except for enhanced pedestrian safety; therefore, these properties receive a benefit factor of one-fourth (0.25).
Parking lots and access ways, which serve the properties around them, are essentially vacant land uses. As such, they do not benefit from most of the additional community character and vitality aspects; however, they do benefit from enhanced pedestrian safety, as their primary function is getting people to and from the surrounding properties; therefore, these properties receive a benefit factor of one-fourth (0.25).
Public properties are assessed the same as private properties.
General. Benefit. No general benefits from the improvements are considered to exist. General benefits, if any, to the surrounding community and public in general from festoon. lighting are nominal, intangible and are not quantifiable.
q:~santa monicaUnsbia 82 actUeports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 624 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Gity of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008.09 Page 7 B. Sidewalk Cleaning
Special Benefit. Steam cleaning of the sidewalks removes dirt and debris from the sidewalks being cleaned. This creates a cleaner environment adjacent to properties and provides a service that property owners are usually responsible for. Therefore, Sidewalk Cleaning is considered a direct and special benefit to those properties directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned.
For condominium properties of multiple stories, such as the condominium parcels at the southeast corner of Main and Marine,. the benefit is considered to the bottom floor parcels that are on the same level as the cleaned sidewalk.
General Benefit. No general benefits from the improvements are considered to exist. General benefits, if any, to the surrounding community and public in general from sidewalk cleaning are nominal, intangible and are not quantifiable.
Apportionment Methodology
A. Festoon Lights along Main Street
The costs to install and operate the Festoon Lights along Main Street are spread to the properties adjacent to Main Street based on the area of the property, in acres, multiplied by the appropriate Benefit Factor. (Acreage is calculated by dividing the property square feet (sf) by 43,560 sf per acre.)
Parcel size is used as the base unit of lighting benefit because the benefits of community character and vitality goes to how much a property is used versus how much a property fronts the lights.
The more a property is used, the more it benefits from the additional lighting.
Street frontage along Main Street was not used because of the inconsistency of depths and parcel shapes within this area.. An example of this is three parcels in this area, each with 50 feet of frontage along Main Street, but with varying parcel areas of 5,000 sf, 3,970 sf, and 1,940 sf.
Therefore, street frontage was not considered to be a fair indicator of benefit for lighting.
The formula for calculating the Benefit Acres for each property is Parcel Acres) x (Benefit Factor) =Benefit Acres
B. Sidewalk Cleaning
The costs for the Sidewalk Cleaning are spread to the parcels directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned based on the linear feet (LF) of frontage being cleaned, Frontage is considered an appropriate because sidewalk cleaning is considered to be a service that that property owners are usually responsible for. Therefore, each property is assessed based on the amount of frontage directly adjacent to the property. q:lsanta monica~msbia 82 actkeports\sta monica msbia liglrts sdwk ad rpt 23apxO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 625 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008.09 Page 8 Assessment Rate Calculation
The table below provides the assessment apportionment for the areas of benefit and shows the maximum annual assessment rate for FY 2008-09.
FY 2008-09 Maximum
Estimated FY 2008-09
Improvements Budget / Asmt Units = Asmt Rate*
Festoon Lights Bulb Replacement $
35,412 / 17.293 Benefit Acres = $ 2, 82 / 047.Benefit Acre assessed for 5 years only)
Festoon Lighting O & M $ 29,900 / 17.293 Benefit Acres = $ 1, 07 /29.Benefit Acre Sidewalk Cleaning $ 23,320 / 14, 96814. Linear Feet = $ 1.58 / LF The maximum annual maintenance assessment rates (for festoon lighting O & M and sidewalk cleaning) will be increased each subsequent Fiscal Year by the annual change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), during the preceding year, for All Urban Consumers, for the Los Angeles, Riverside and Orange County areas, published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ( or a reasonably equivalent index should the stated index be discontinued).
The actual assessments levied in any fiscal year will be as approved by the City Council and may not exceed the maximum assessment rate without receiving property owner approval for the increase.
q:\sanfa monica\msbia 82 actkepor[ stas\monica msbia lights sdwk ad rp[ 23aprO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 626 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 9 PART D
ASSESSMENT DIAGRAM
The Assessment Diagrams, showing the exterior boundaries of the each Zone within the District, are provided on the following pages.
The lines and dimensions of each lot or parcel within the District are those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles for the fiscal year to which this report applies. The Assessor's maps and records are incorporated by teference herein and made part of this report.
gasanta monicaMsbia 82 actlreports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23aprO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 627 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 10 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 1 of 4
D
q:~santa monica~msbia 82 ac[ s~Uepor[ sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad qrt 23apr08. doc Not a Part
District Boundary
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning
Sidewalk Cleaning Only
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Packet Pg. 628 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 11 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 2 of A
0 Parcel
Not a Part
District Boundary
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Gleaning
SidewaikCleaningOnly
q:~santa monicaUnsbia 82 act~ sarepoRS~ monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 629 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008.09 Page 12 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festann Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 3 of 4
0 Parcel
Not a Part
District Boundary
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning
Sidewalk Cleaning Only
q:lsanta monica\msbia 82 ect\ saccports\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad ryt 23apc08.doc
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Packet Pg. 630 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008.09 Page 13 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning-Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 4 of 4
eye a
a° 13s
Y5
137
138 h0Cpf
123 122
24 12 139
127 40
125 128
12 141
130
142
14 0`1
31 ' Lj~/ - 04
13 ~ 45
S~. to
ea
134 Q`0ZP
132 135 152
0~( s
a7
a
147 5`
eAa
150
7~ 154-157
149
151
u
WE
11}}(( a}}((~~~~
153
1 Assessment Number
Parcel
Not a Part
District Boundary
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning
Sidewalk Cleaning Only
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sarepods\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23api08.doc
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Packet Pg. 631 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Stree4Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008.09 Page 14 PART E
ASSESSMENT ROLL
The total proposed assessment for Fiscal Year 2008-09 and the amount of the total proposed assessment apportioned to each lot or parcel within the District, as shown on the latest assessment roll at the Los Angeles County Assessor'sOffice, are provided on the following pages.
The description of each lot. or parcel is part of the records of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles and these records are, by reference, made part of this Report. q:\santa monica~nsbia 82 acttrcports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08. doc
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Packet Pg. 632 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 15 c=axb h=qf+i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Tota l Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benent Replacem't08,M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY OB-09 Property Address No. Parcel NO. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF. LF Asmt Asmt 144 PICO BLVD 1 4289020004 Commercial 0.386 1.00 0.386 790.46 667.42 120.00 140.00 260.00 410.80 1, 68868. 1918 MAIN S7 2 4289020005 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 423.90 357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 876.62 145 BAY ST 3 4289020006 Mixed Use 0.414 1.00 0.414 847.80 715.83 120.00 150.00 270.00 426.60 1, 23990. 1901 MAIN ST 4 4289019024 Commercial 0.240 1.00 0.240 491.48 414.98 45.00 120.00 165.00 260.70 1,6167. 1907 MAIN ST 5 4289019025 Parkin / Access 0.232 0.25 0.056 118.77 100.29 84.00 0.00 84.00 132.72 351.78 1913 MAIN ST 6 4289019005 Parkin / Access 0.116 0.25 0.029 59.39 50.14 42.00 0.00 42.00 66.36 175.89 211 BAY ST 7 4289019006 Commercial 0.240 1.00 0.240 491.48 414.98 87.00 120.00 207.00 327.06 1, 52233. 2000 MAIN ST 8 4289020021 Mixed Use 1.170 1.00 1.170 2, 95395. 2, 01023. 301.60 338.70 640.30 1,011.67 5, 63430. 2003 MAIN ST 9 4289018001 Commercial 0.276 1.00 0.276 565.20 477.22 120. 00 100.00 220.00 347.60 1, 02390. 2015 MAIN 5T 10 4289018003 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 423.90 357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 876.62 2021 MAIN ST 11 4289018054 Mixed Use 0.413 1.00 0.413 845.75 714.11 120.48 150.16 270.64 427.61 1, 47987. 2104 MAIN ST 12 4289021011 Commercial 0.069 1.00 0.069 141.30 179.31 60.00 50.00 110.00 173.80 434.41 2110 MAIN ST 13 4289021012 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 423.90 357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 876.62 2116 MAIN ST 14 4289021013 Mixed Use 0.206 1.00 0.206 421.85 356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 872.64 2150 MAIN ST 15 4289021902 Park 0.413 0.50 0.207 422.87 357.05 120.00 150.00 270.00 426.60 1, 52206. 2101 MAIN ST 16 4289017001 Commercial 0.110 1.00 0.110 225.26 190.20 120.00 40.00 160.00 252.80 668.26 2113 MAIN ST 17 4289017005 Commercial 0.206 1.00 0.206 421.85 356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 872.64 2115 MAIN ST 16 4289017006 Parkin ( Access 0.138 0.25 0.035 70.65 59.65 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 225.10 201 PACIFIC ST 19 4289017007 Commercial 0.138 1.00 0.138 282.60 238.61 60.00 100.00 160. 00 252.60 774.01 2200 MAIN ST 20 4289022054 Mixed Use 0.088 1.00 0.088 180.21 152.16 60.00 63.93 123.93 195.81 528.18 2210 MAIN ST 21 4289022018 Commercial 0.119 1.00 0.119 243.69 205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 512.65 2216 MAIN ST 22 4269022017 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 245.74 207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 516.43 2216 MAIN ST 23 4289022016 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 245.74 207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 516.43 2222 MAIN ST 24 4289022015 Mixed Use 0.060 1.00 0.060 122.87 103.74 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 289.81 2224 MAIN ST 25 4289022013 Mixed Use 0.119 1.00 0.119 243.69 205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 512.65 2230 MAIN ST 26 4289022012 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 40.00 62.50 102.50 161.95 381.01 214 PACIFIC ST 27 4289016029 Mixed Use 0.413 1.00 0.413 845.75 714.11 60.00 150.00 210.00 331.80 1, 66891. 2215 MAIN ST 28 4289016003 Commercial 0.206 1.00 0.206 421.85 356.19 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 817.54 2219 MAIN ST 29 4289016025 Commercial 0.413 1.00 0.413 845.75 714.11 120.00 150.00 270.00 426.60 1, 46986. 2303 NEILSON WAY 30 4289023905 Institutional 0.751 0.50 0.376 768.96 649.27 223.53 290.13 513.66 811.58 2, 81229. 2301 MAIN ST 31 4289015023 Commercial 0.129 1.00 0.129 264.17 223.05 48.00 116.30 164.30 259.59 746.81 2307 MAIN ST 32 4289015022 Commercial 0.133 1.00 0.133 272.36 229.97 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 581.33 2311 MAIN ST 33 4289015038 Parkin / Access 0.385 0.25 0.096 197.10 166.42 44.00 0.00 44.00 69.52 433.04 2311 MAIN ST 34 4289015020 Parkin / Access 0.016 0.25 0.004 8.19 6.92 6.00 0.00 6.00 9.48 24.59 2311 MAIN ST 35 4289015037 Parkin / Access 0.142 0.25 0.036 72.70 61.38 53.29 0.00 53.29 84.20 218.28 2321 MAIN ST 36 4289015024 Commercial 0.083 1.00 0.063 169.97 143.51 50.50 0.00 50.50 79.79 393.27 2327 MAIN ST 37 4289015031 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 245.74 207.49 79.00 61.50 140.50 221.99 675.22 2400 MAIN ST 38 4288015034 Commercial 0.326. 1.00 0.326 667.59 563.68 231.23 47.39 278.62 440.22 1, 49671. 2435 NEILSON WAY 39 4288015901 Parkin / Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 136.21 136.21 215.21 215.21 2420 MAIN ST 40 4288015004 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 79.86 67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 186.79 2428 MAIN ST 41 4288015005 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2434 MAIN ST 42 4288015006 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2430 MAIN ST 43 4288015007 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sareports\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23aprO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 633 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 16 c=axb h=qf+ i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximu m Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09
Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt 2430 MAIN ST 44 4286015008 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2434 MAIN ST 45 4288015009 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2440 MAIN ST 46 4288015010 Commercial 0.044 1.00 0.044 90.10 76.08 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 245.18 2444 MAIN ST 47 4288015035 Commercial 0.078 1.00 0.078 159.73 134.67 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 373.60 2450 MAIN ST 48 4288015014 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00. 39.50 122.59 2502 MAIN ST 49 4288014001 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 79.86 67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 186.79 2510 MAIN ST 50 4288014002 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 79.86 67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 186.79 2510 MAIN ST 51 4288014003 Commercial 0.041 1.00 0.041 83.96 70.89 26.09 0.00 26.09 41.22 196.07 2510 MAIN ST 52 4288014004 Commercial 0.021 1.00 0.021 43.00 36.31 23.91 0.00 23.91 37.78 117.09 2510 MAIN ST 53 4288014005 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2510 MAIN ST 54 4288014006 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 36.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2516 MAIN ST 55 4288014007 Mixed Use 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 2522 MAIN ST 56 4288014035 Commercial 0.197 1.00 0.197 403.42 340.63 125.00 0.00 125.00 197.50 941.55 181 OCEAN PARK BLVD 57 4288014034 Commercial 0.161 1.00 0.161 329.70 278.38 100.00 0.00 100.00 158.00 766.08 2401 MAIN ST 58 4288001039 Commercial 0.075 1.00 0.075 153.59 129.68 32.50 100.00 132.50 209.35 492. 62 2403 MAIN ST 59 4286001040 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2407 MAIN ST 60 4288001019 Commercial 0.056 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 258.56 2409 MAIN ST 61 4288001020 Commercial 0.056 1.00 0.058 116.77 100.29. 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 258.56 2411 MAIN ST 62 4288001021 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 2420 2ND ST 63 4288001042 Commercial 1.149 1.00 1.149 2, 95352. 1, 70986. 250.00 0.00 250.00 395.00 4,734.65 2503 MAIN ST 64 4288001026 Commercial 0.057 1.00. 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2507 MAIN ST 65 4288001028 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79:00 513. 34 2515 MAIN ST 66 4288001035 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100. 00 0.00 100.00 158.00 1,022. 91 205 NORMAN PL 67 4288001036 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100.00 100.00 200.00 316.00 1,180. 91 2520 2ND ST 68 4286001900 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 158.00 158. 00 2601 MAIN ST 69 4288002902 Institutional 0.226 0.50 0.113 231.40 195.38 50.00 400.00 450.00 711.00 1,137. 78 2612 MAIN ST 70 4286013904 Institutional 0.106 0.50 0.053 108.53 91.64 68.30 68.80 137.10 216.62 416.79 2625 NEILSON WAY 71 4286013905 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 158.00 158.00 2640 MAIN ST 72 4288013900 Institutional 0.180 0.50 0.090 184.30 155.62 200.00 0.00 200.00 316.00 655.92 2612 MAIN ST 73 4288012900 Institutional 0.090 0.50 0.045 92.15 77.81 100.00 0.00 100.00 158.00 327. 96 2654 MAIN ST 74 4288012001 Commercial. 0.181 1.00 0.181 370.66 312.96 200.00 39.50 239.50 378.41 1,062. 03 2654 MAIN ST 75 4288012002 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.01 30.01 47.42 47.42 2675 NEILSON WAY 76 4288012902 Parkin / Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.00 80.00 126.40 126.40 2615 MAIN ST 77 4288002021 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 100.00 150.00 237.00 667.56 2619 MAIN ST 78 4288002022 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2625 MAIN ST 79 4286002045 Mixed Use 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 2627 MAIN ST 60 4286002025 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 509.56 2631 MAIN ST 61 4288002026 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2633 MAIN ST 62 4288002027 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2637 MAIN ST 83 4288002036 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 158.00 1,022. 91 2651 MAIN ST 84 4288002032 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 2653 MAIN ST 85 4288002033 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254. 79 2665 MAIN ST 86 4288002044 Commercial 0.287 1.00 0.287 587.72 496.24 125.00 0.00 125. 00 197.50 1,281.46 q:\sasta moaica\msbia 82 act\ sarepons\ monica mabia lights sdwk ad rp[ 23aprO8.doo
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Packet Pg. 634 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area. April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008.09. Page 17 c=axb h=af+i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon. Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximu m Map Assessor's 4and Lighting Benefit Benefit Replace m't 08M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewa lK FY OS-09 Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt 2663 MAIN ST 87 4288002035 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235 50 198.84 5p.00 100.00 150 00 237.00 671 34 2702 MAIN ST 68 4288011016 Commercial 0.091 1.00 0.091 186 35 157.35 50.00 79.40 129.40 204.45 548. 15 150 HILL ST 89 4288011901 Parkin / Access 0.00 000 0.00 25.00 25 00 39.50 39.50 2725 NEILSON WAY 90 4288011900 Parkin / Access 0.00 000 0.00 72.70 72 70 114.87 114.87 2708 MAIN 5T 91 4288011009 Commercial 0.046 1.00 0.046 94 20 79.54 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 213.24 2710 MAIN ST 92 4288011002 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45 05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122.59 2712 MAIN ST 93 4288011003 Commercial 0.023 1.00 0.023 47 10 39.77 25.00 0,00 25 00 39.50 126.37 2716 MAIN ST 94 4288011004 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92 15 77.81 50.00 0.00 50 00 79.00 248.96 2720 MAIN ST 95 4288011005 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92 15 77.81 50.00 0.00 50 00 79.00 248.96 2724 MAIN ST 96 4288011006 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92 15 77.81 50.00 0.00 50 00 79.00 248.96 2732 MAIN ST 97 4288011007 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45 05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122.59 2736 MAIN ST 98 4288010001 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45 05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122.59 2802 MAIN ST 99 4288010015 Commercial 0.067 1.00 0.067 137 20 115.85 75.00 0.00 75 00 118.50 371.55 2804 MAIN ST 100 4288010005 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92 15 77.81 50.00 0.00 50 00 79.00 248.96 2810 MAIN ST 101 4268010006 Commercial 0.089 1.00 0.089 182 26 153.89 100. 00 0.00 100 00 158.00 494. 15 2826 MAIN ST 702 4288010007 Commercial 0.067 1.00 0.067 137 20 115.85 75.00 38.51 113 51 179.35 432.40 2826 MAIN ST 703 4288010014 Commercial 0.00 000 0.00 40.34 40 34 63.74 63.74 151 ASHLAND AVE 104 4288010901 Parkin ( Access 0.00 000 0.00 25.21 25 21 39.83 39.83 2825 NEILSON WAY 105 4288010900 Parkin ( Access 0.00 000 0.00 65.55 65 55 103.57 103.57 2701 MAIN ST 106 4288003043 Commercial 0.172 1.00 0.172 35223 297.40 75.00 100.00 175 00 276.50 926.13 2709 MAIN ST 107 4288003042 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 11673 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2711 MAIN ST 108 4288003041 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 11673 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2713 MAIN ST 109 4288003040 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116 73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2719 MAIN ST 110 4286003045 Commercial 0.230 1.00 0.230 471 00 397.69 100.00 0.00 100 00 158.00 1 026.69. 2727 MAIN ST 111 4288003035 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116 73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2727 MAIN ST 112 4288003034 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2727 MAIN ST 113 4288003033 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2801 MAIN ST 174 4288003032 Mixed Use 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2803 MAIN ST 115 4288003048 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 0.00 50 00 79.00 509.56 2807 MAIN ST 116 4288003029 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254.79 2817 MAIN ST 117 4288003028 Parkin / Access 0.057 0.25 0.014 29.18 24.64 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 93.32 2817 MAIN ST 118 4288003027 Parkin / Access 0.057 0.25 0.014 29.18 24.64 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 93.32 2817 MAIN ST 119 4288003026 Parkin / Access 0.057 0.25 0.014 29.18 24.64 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 93.32 2817 MAIN ST 120 4288003044 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50 00 79.00 513.34 2821 MAIN ST 121 4288003023 Commercial 0.172 1.00 0.172 352.23 297.40 75.00 700.00 175 00 276. 50 926.13 2900 MAIN ST 122 4288009008 Commercial 0.066 1.00 0.066 135.16 114.12 75.00 38.43 113 43 179.22 428.50 2900 MAIN ST 123 4288009001 Parkin / Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.67 40 67 64.26 64.26 150 ASHLAND AVE 124 4288009901 Parkin / Access 0.106 0.25 0.027 54.27 45:82 50.42 50.42 1.00 84 159.33 259.42 2911 NEILSON WAY 125 4288009900 Parkin / Access 0.286 0.25 0.072 146.42 123.63 131.10 131.10 262 20 414.28 684.33 2910 MAIN ST 126 4288009009 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 36.04 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122.59 2912 MAIN ST 127 4288009013 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92.15 77.81 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 209.46 2914 MAIN ST ~ 128 4288009014 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92.15 77.81 25.00 0.00 25 00 39.50 209.46 2916 MAIN 5T 129 4288009012 Commercial 0.022 1:00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25. 00 38.18 63.18 99.82 182.91 q:\santa monica\mabia 82 act\ sareports\ monica mabia lights sdwk.ad rpt 23aprO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 635 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008.09 Page 18 c=axb h=qf+ i k=a+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Totaf
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY OB-09
Property Address No. Parcel NO. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt 2916 MAIN ST 130 4288009007 Commercial 0.023 1.00 0.023 47.10 39.77 40.00 40.00 80.00 126.40 21327 2924 MAIN ST 131 4288008009 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92.15 77.81 25.00 78.11 103.11 162.91 332 87 177 PIER AVE 132 4288008008 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 160.08 180.08 284.53 284 53 2926 MAIN ST 133 4288008004 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92.15 77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 209.46 2934 MAIN ST 134 4288008005 Commercial 0.135 1.00 0.135 276.46 233.42 75.00 0.00 75.00 118.50 628 38 2942 MAIN ST 135 4288008007 Commercial 0.126 1.00 - 0.126 258.03 217.86 70.09 78.01 148.10 234.00 709 89 2901 MAIN ST 136 4288004028 Commercial 0.113 1.00 0.113 231.40 195.38 50.00 100.00 150.00 237.00 663 78 2905 MAIN ST 137 4268004024 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0:057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254 79 2909 MAIN ST 138 4288004023 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100. 00 0.00 100 00 158 00 1 022 91 2919 MAIN ST 139 4288004022 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513 34 2923 MAIN ST 140 4286004021 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25 00 39 50 254 79 2925 MAIN ST 141 4288004020 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 258 56 2929 MAIN ST 142 4286004019 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 509 56 2939 MAIN ST 143 4288004018 Commercial 0.056 1.00 0.056 114.68 96.83 24.50 0.00 24.50 38.71 250 22 2937 MAIN ST 144 4288004017 Commercial 0.059 1.00 0.059 120.82 102.02 25.50 0.00 25.50 40.29 263 13 2941 MAIN ST 145 4288004027 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 473 84 2943 MAIN ST 146 4288004026 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 196.84 25.00 200.00 225.00 355.50 78984 3002 MAIN ST 147 4288007009 Commercial 0.145 1.00 0.145 296.93 250.72 79.79 77.76 157.55 246.93 79658 170 PIER AVE 148 4288007011 Parkin ( Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.00 47.00 74.26 74 26 170 PIER AVE 149 4288007001 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.00 85.00 134.30 134 30 3008 MAIN ST 150 4288007006 Commercial 0.062 1.00 0.062 126.96 107.20 35.00 0.00 35.00 55.30 289 46 3016 MAIN ST 151 4268007007 Parkin / Access 0.138 0.25 0.035 70.65 59.65 75.00 77.46 152.46 240.89 371 19 3005 MAIN ST 152 4288005015 A artment 0.737 0.25 0.184 377.31 318.56 161.00 400.00 561.00 886.38 1,582. 27 3100 MAIN ST 153 4288006015 Commercial 0.442 1.00 0.442 905.14 764.25 125.37 167.40 292.77 462.58 2,131. 97 212 MARINE ST 154 4286005017 Com-Condo 0.101 1.00 0.101 206.38 174.26 154.68 38.29 192.97 304.89 685.53 212 MARINE ST 155 4288005018 Com-Condo 0.00 0.00 0.00 46 50 46 50 73 47 73 47 212 MARINE ST 156 4288005019 Com-Condo 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.23 49.23 77.78 77 78 212 MARINE ST 157 4288005020 Cam-Condo 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.60 50.60 79.95 79.95
20.026 17.293 35, 00412. 29, 09900. 8,498.88 8, 08316. 14, 96814. 23, 65407. 88.719. 74 q;\santa mooica\msbia 82 ac[\ starepotts\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 636 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt
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Packet Pg. 637 Attachment: Formation of Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual City Council Meeting: May 27, 2008x~55
Agenda Item: °° t~
To: Mayor and City Council, Chair and Members of the Parking Authority From: Andy Agle, Director of Housing and Economic Development Subject: Proposed Main Street Sidewalk and Lighting Assessment District Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. adopt a Resolution of Intention setting a public hearing on July 22, 2008, to consider forming an assessment district in the Main Street area to finance the ongoing operation and maintenance of the decorative festoon lighting, as well as additional sidewalk cleaning, and approving the Engineer's Report for the proposed assessment district; and
2. authorize the City Manager and Executive Director of the Parking Authority to sign ballots in support of formation of the Assessment District for their properties that will be assessed within the new district.
Executive Summary
The City in cooperation with the Main Street Business Improvement Association MSBIA") engaged Harris & Associates to assist with the formation of an assessment district in the Main Street area to finance additional sidewalk cleaning and the ongoing operation and maintenance of the festoon lighting along Main Street. Harris Associates has proposed forming the assessment district pursuant to the provisions of the Benefit.Assessment Act of 1982. The annual assessment is estimated to be 88,632 -for 157. properties. This amount will pay for additional sidewalk cleaning, electricity and maintenance of the existing festoon lighting, a reserve fund, and debt service on a loan in the amount of $132,000 which is the estimated cost to replace the existing bulbs during the term of the assessment district. It is anticipated that the City will provide a loan to the proposed assessment district for the festoon lighting bulb replacement cost to be repaid over five years at 7%. An additional action item approving the loan will be required at the time Council is asked to approve the assessment district.
Council is asked to adopt the attached Resolution of Intention, setting July 22, 2008, as the date for a public hearing to count the ballots from property owners regarding formation of the district, and to authorize the City Manager and Executive Director of the 1 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 638 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Parking Authority,. to sign ballots for their properties in support of district formation. The annual assessment on City-owned and Parking Authority-owned property under the proposed district is $7, 91873. or 8.88% of the total. assessment and would become an annual obligation of the City in its Operating Budget.
Background
The MSBIA funds various promotional materials and events on behalf of Main Street merchants through revenues generated by an annual assessment on businesses which is collected by the City with the Business License fee. In 2002, the City budgeted 250,000 as construction mitigation ("Mitigation Funds") for business disruption and loss caused by a sewer rehabilitation project ih the area.
The MSBIA explored various options for use of the Mitigation Funds and determined that the most beneficial use would be for the design, installation, operation and maintenance of permanent festival lighting in the Main Street area. Such lighting would enhance the evening atmosphere and business vitality, The MSBIA explored a number of design possibilities for the decorative lighting and chose a Lumisphere xenon light product from England. This light was chosen partly for its substantial appearance, and partly for its durability, as the product is rated to last five years or longer in a marine environment.
With funds from the budget set-aside, the City retained GRT & Associates to prepare engineering specifications, plans, and structural calculations based on using these lights on the existing light poles. On October 12, 2004, the City authorized agrant- and license agreement to MSBIA to fund the installation of the lights. MSBIA .conducted an RFP process and selected Associated Group as the lighting contractor to install the Lumisphere xenon lighting. In 2005, decorative or "festoon" lights were installed along both sides of Main Street, between Pico Boulevard on the north, extending to the southern City boundary just south of Marine Street. MSBIA has been maintaining the decorative lights on a quarterly basis. Thus far, the operating and maintenance costs associated with the decorative lights have been reimbursed to the MSBIA from the 2 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 639 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt remainder of the original grant, but the remaining grant will be fully expended by the end of 2008.
In 2007, Main Street merchants expressed a desire that the MSBIA explore options for additional sidewalk cleaning. The City of Santa Monica currently provides two (2) thorough sidewalk cleanings in the area annually. MSBIA contracted with the City's Solid Waste Management Division to provide monthly sidewalk cleanings for 1, month, 200/an amount equivalent to the City's cost.
Discussion
In early 2007, MSBIA recognized that it needed additional funds to continue paying for the festoon lighting and additional sidewalk cleaning. For FY 2007-08, the City Council approved aone-time appropriation for MSBIA in the amount of $25;000 to be used for the continued maintenance of the festival lighting on Main Street, $50,000. for a Main Street Assessment Study and $9,600 for additional sidewalk cleaning.
In cooperation with MSBIA, the City conducted a Request for Proposal process and selected Harris & Associates to assist with analyzing the formation. of a new assessment district in the Main Street area to finance the replacement and on-going maintenance of the xenon festoon lighting and the additional sidewalk cleaning. Harris' sub-consultant, MIG, Inc. was responsible. for public outreach. Harris & Associates has proposed. forming the Main Street assessment district (called the "Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District") pursuant to the provisions of the Benefit Assessment Act of 1982 ("1982 Act"). The 1982 Act requires that maintenance assessments be levied according to benefit. Section 54711 provides that the "amount of the assessment imposed on any parcel of property shall be related to the benefit to the parcel which will be derived from the provision of the service." In addition, Proposition 218, which added Article XIIID to the California Constitution, requires that a parcel's assessment may not exceed the reasonable cost for the 3 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 640 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt proportional special benefit conferred on that parcel. It also requires that publicly owned properties which benefit from the improvements be assessed The proposed annual assessment is .approximately $88,632. This includes the annual operating and maintenance costs associated with the xenon festoon lighting ($25,300); a replacement reserve ($4,600); and the annual costs for the sidewalk cleaning 23,320). The assessment also includes debt service in the amount of $35,412, which is the amount needed to repay $132,000, the cost of xenon light bulb replacement at a rate of 7% over five years. It is anticipated that the City will loan the assessment district these funds. The annual assessment may increase over time due to annual CPI increases which are built into the methodology formula.
Originally, MSBIA intended to raise funds through the assessment district to pay for replacement of the xenon bulbs with more energy efficient LED lights. While the ongoing maintenance and energy use of the lights would be lower, the acquisition and installation cost of the LED lights was estimated to be $600,000. A survey of property owners revealed that the annual assessment was not supportable. In addition, a demonstration of the LED lights did not generate as much light as did the xenon.: If LED technology improves and creates a light that is better suited to the needs of the Main Street business community, MSBIA would hope to initiate another process to establish a district that would include LED lights.
The costs for the bulb replacement program and to operate the Festoon Lights along Main Street are spread among the properties adjacent to Main Street based on the area of the property. The costs for the sidewalk cleaning are spread to the parcels directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned based on the linear feet (LF) of frontage being cleaned:
4 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 641 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Annual assessments range from $24.59 to $4, 96. 418. The median total assessment is 332.05, as shown below:
Assessment Rate Calculation Table
Improvements FY 2008-09 Assessment Maximum Median
Estimated Units FY 2008-09 Annual
Bud et Assessment Rate* Assessment
Festoon Lights Bulb 35,412 17.293 Benefit 2, 82/047. Benefit 137.20 Replacement Acres Acre
assessed for 5 years
onl )
Festoon Lighting O & M 29,900 17.293 1, 07/729. Benefit 115.85 Benefit Acres Acre
Sidewalk Cleaning 23,320 14, 96814. 1. LF58/ 79.00
Linear Feet
me maximum ut~m
ugnnng and sidewalk cleaning rates will be increased annually for cost of living.
The attached Assessment Diagram shows the boundaries of the district. The lines and dimensions of each parcel within the District are those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles.
In order for the assessment to be on the property tax rolls for FY 2008-09, the assessment must be submitted to the County of Los Angeles by August 10, 2008. The Council is requested to adopt the attached resolution of intention to form the assessment district. Notices of the City's intent to form an assessment district; and to hold a public hearing will be mailed to property owners forty-five (45) days in advance of the public hearing., The mailing is anticipated to occur on June 6, 2008, and the public hearing is expected to be held on July 22, 2008. Ballots, to be marked in support of or in opposition to the proposed assessment district, will be included with the notices. For ballots to be counted, they must be submitted to the City Clerk prior to the close of the public hearing on the issue. Notice of the public hearing will be published in the Santa Monica Daily Press.
After the public hearing has been conducted, the assessment ballots that are submitted prior to the close of the public hearing will. be tabulated based on the proposed 5 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 642 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt assessment amount. It is anticipated. that the ballot tabulation will occur the same night as the public hearing and that the City Council will be able to receive the results of the balloting that evening. If more than 50% of the ballots returned, weighted by the assessments, are against the proposed assessment district, then a majority protest has occurred and the assessment district cannot be formed. If less than a majority protest is received, then the City Council may choose to adopt a Resolution of Formation for the assessment district and levy assessments.
The attached Engineer's Report, which has been prepared for this project, establishes the formula used to distribute the costs of providing the services to the benefiting Previous Council Actions
On November 12, 2002 Council approved various contracts and expenditures for the Ocean and Main Street Sewer Rehabilitation Project, including setting aside $250,000 of Mitigation Funds into a special Public Works Fund to fihance future capital improvements in the area. From this budget allocation, $26, 62428.was expended for the preparation of the electrical specifications, plans and structural calculations. The grant amount to MSMA of $220,000 covered its contract cost of $205,000 with Associated Group and provided ah additional $15,000 for other operational project costs.
On September 20, 2004, an Information Item was presented to Council to view the design.
On September 28, 2004, City Council approved the grant of Mitigation Funds to MSBIA and authorized the City Manager to enter into. a License Agreement in the amount of 220,000 for the design, installation, maintenance and operation of the festival lighting system improvements.
6 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 643 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt In the FY 2007-08 Budget, Council allocated $50,000 to be used for a Main Street Assessment Study; $25,000 to be used toward operation and maintenance of the festival lights; and $9,600 for sidewalk cleaning.
Alternatives
If the assessment. district is not approved, MSBIA will continue to pay for the operating expenses and maintenance .costs associated with the xenon festoon lighting until the City grant funds are depleted. It is anticipated that the MSBIA will continue to operate the existing festoon lighting on a decreased schedule until full replacement of the xenon bulbs is needed. At that time, MSBIA may remove the festoon lights from Main Street because of the high replacement costs.
If the assessment district is not approved, MSBIA will continue to pay for the sidewalk cleaning until the City grant funds are depleted. At that time, MSBIA may continue to pay for less supplemental sidewalk cleaning per annum.
Environmental Analysis
The recommended Council action is exempt from CEQA under Section 15301, Existing Facilities.
Contractor/Consultant Selection
The City issued a Request for Proposal to eight assessment engineering firms and received three responses. A selection committee composed of City staff and representatives of MSBIA selected Harris & Associates. The City's contract is with Harris & Associates who has retained MIG, Inc. as asub-consultant to assist with public outreach.
Public Outreach
MIG attempted to contact 23 people and was able to complete 11 preliminary telephone stakeholder" interviews with property owners representing 12.0% of the total proposed 7 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 644 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt assessment to gauge their level of support for the program that called for replacement of xenon lights with LED lights and sidewalk cleaning. In addition, NIIG's interviews asked the stakeholders if there were elements of the proposed bulb replacement and sidewalk cleaning program that they specifically supported or didn't support, service
levels that they would support and. an assessment threshold they would find to be acceptable.
MIG worked with City and MSBIA staff to develop a community presentation and a fact sheet. The fact sheet was mailed to all property owners in the Main Street area and it announced the community meeting that was held on April 17th at The Victorian. It also provided some background information on the proposed LED replacement program and sidewalk cleaning, and a brief agenda for the community meeting as well as a tear-off comment card that could be mailed back to the City if the property owner wanted to state his/her opinion in writing. The City received four written/oral responses to the Fact Sheet. The community meeting held oh April 17th- at The Victorian attracted two (2) stakeholders. Both stated that they would be in support of the proposed bulb replacement and sidewalk cleaning program.
Due to the low response to the first Fact Sheet mail-out and the low turn-out at the community meeting, the City and MSBIA are hosting a second community meeting on May 22"d. A revised fact sheet announcing the 2nd Community Meeting and the revised proposed bulb replacement and sidewalk cleaning program is being mailed. The results of that community meeting will be reported to Couhcil at the meeting of May 27tH Financial Impacts & Budget Actions
If approved, the assessment district would require. a loan from the City in the amount of 132,000 to be repaid from the assessments over a 5-year period at 7% interest. The Council will be asked to approve this loan at the public hearing on July 22, 2008. 8 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 645 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City- and Parking Authority-owned property represents 8.88% of the total assessment.
The annual assessments associated with the City of Santa Monica properties total 5, 88792. and the annual assessments associated with the Santa Monica City Parking Authority properties total $2, 03. 081.
Prepared by:
Erika Cavicante, Senior Administrative Analyst
Forwarded to Council:
Andy Agle, C
Housing and
P/Larfiont Ewell
Development ~, Manager
Attachments:
Attachment 1
Diagram
Attachment 2
Attachment 3
Main Street Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Engineer's Report
Resolution of Intention
9 5.I.b
Packet Pg. 646 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Attachment
1 Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram
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Packet Pg. 647 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Engineer's Report
for the
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and
Sidewalk Cleaning
Assessment District
Fiscal Year 2008-09)
Prepared under the provisions of the
Benefit Assessment Act of 9982
For the
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
Los Angeles County, California
Prepared by:
Hdrr15 ~t /ai550~' Idt@5
Apri123, 2008
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Packet Pg. 648 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City. of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page i
ENGINEER'S REPORT
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT FISCAL YEAR 2008.09
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report ......................................................................
Part A -Plans and Specifications ..................................
Part B -Estimate of Cost ...............................................
Part C -.Method ofApportionment......... _ ......................
Part D -Assessment Diagram ................... _...................
Part E -Assessment Roll ................................................ q:\santa monica\msbia 82 acflreportslsta monica msbia lights sdwk ad gyp[ 23apN8.doc
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Packet Pg. 649 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 1
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
FISCAL YEAR 2008.09
ENGINEER'S REPORT
PREPARED PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE
BENEFIT ASSESSMENT ACT OF 1982
ARTICLE 4, CHAPTER 6.4
OF THE CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE
Pursuant to Part 1, Division 2 of Title 5 of the Government of the State of Califomia, and in accordance with the Resolution of Initiation adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Monica, State of California, in connection with the proceedings for:
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT Hereinafter referred to as the "Assessment District" or "District", I, Joan E. Cox, P.E., the authorized representative of Hams &. Associates, the duly appointed ASSESSMENT ENGINEER, submit herewith the "Report" consisting of five (5) parts as follows:
PART A
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for the existing and ultimate improvements are as set forth on the lists thereof, attached hereto, and aze on file in the Housing and Economic Development Department and are incorporated herein by reference.
PART B
ESTIMATE OF COST
The estimated cost to be funded by the District for the operation, servicing and maintenance of the improvements for fiscal yeaz 2008-09, including incidental costs and expenses in connection therewith.
PART C
METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT
The method of apportionment of assessments indicates the proposed assessment of the net amount of the costs and expenses of the maintenance and/or servicing of the existing and ultimate improvements to be assessed upon the several lots and parcels of land within the Assessment District in proportion to the estimated special benefits to be received by such lots and parcels. q:\santa monicaUnsbia S2 actkeports\sfa manica msbia lights sdwl: ad ipt 23api0g.doc
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Packet Pg. 650 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment Qistrict- FY 2008-09 Page 2 PART D
ASSESSMENT DIAGRAM
The Assessment Diagram, which shows the exterior boundaries of the Assessment District, the boundaries of any zones within the Assessment District and the lines and dimensions of each lot or parcel of land within the Assessment District, is provided herein.
The lines and dimensions of each lot or parcel within the Assessment District are those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the Cormty of Los Angeles for the fiscal yeaz to which this Report applies. The Assessor's maps and records are incorporated by reference herein and made part ofthis Report.
PART E
ASSESSMENT ROLL
An assessment of the estimated cost of the improvements on each benefited lot or parcel of land within the Assessment District is provided herein.
The undersigned respectfully submits the enclosed report as directed by the City Council. The undersigned certifies that she is a Professional Engineer, registered in the State of California.
DATED:. Apri123, 2008
Harris & Associates
BY: Joan E. Cox, P.E.
R. E. C.No. 41965
E.
NO. 47965
KP. 3/ 1037/
q:\santa monica\msbia S2 acflreports\sta monica msbia Gets sdw$ ad rpt 23api0S.doc
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Packet Pg. 651 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 3 PART A
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF IMPROVEMENTS
FOR THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA
MAINSTREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT FISCAL YEAR 2008-09
The facilities, which have been constmeted within the Main Street Business Area of the City of Santa Monica, and those which may be subsequently constmcted, will be serviced and maintained as generally described as follows:
Festoon Li tin,
Overall bulb replacement (initial year) and on-going operation and maintenance.
Improvements include but are not limited to: fixtures, bulbs, conductors, equipment including guys, anchors, metering devices, controllers and appurtenant facilities as required to provide festoon lighting in Main Street, from Pico Boulevard to south of Marine Street within the boundaries of said Assessment District.
Maintenance means the furnishing of services and materials for the ordinary and usual operation, maintenance and servicing of the festoon lighting improvements or appurtenant.
Operating and servicing means the furnishing of electric energy for the festoon lighting improvements or appurtenant facilities, the operation of controllers and the administration of all aspects of the maintenance and the District.
Sidewalk Cleanine
Steam cleaning of the sidewalks 10-times per year (in addition to the City's standard ttivice a yeaz cleaning) and once a month spot cleaning.
Improvements include but aze not limited to: sidewalks, curb and gutter, curb. ramps and appurtenant facilities in public rights- wayof--within the boundaries of said Assessment District.
Maintenance means the famishing of services and materials for the cleaning and servicing of the sidewalk improvements or appurtenant facilities including steam cleaning.
Operating and servicing means the administration of all aspects of the maintenance and the District.
The plans and specifications for the improvements, showing the general nature, location and the extent of the improvements, aze on file in the Housing and Economic Development Department and are by reference herein made a part of this report.
q:~santa monica~msbia 82 act~ sareporfs~manica msbia li8hts sdwk ad ipt 23apA8.doc
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Packet Pg. 652 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lightng and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 4 PART B
ESTIMATE OF COST
The City's budget for the operation, maintenance and servicing of festoon lighting and sidewalk cleaning, shown below, details the estimated costs for Fiscal Year 2008-09 as available at the time of preparation of this report. The incidehtal expenses may include engineering fees, legal fees, printing, mailing, postage, publishing, and all other related costs identified with the district proceedings Funds raised by the assessment shall be used only for the purpose as stated herein. A contribution to the District by the City may be made to reduce assessments or maintenance maybe deferred to reduce the overall annual cost, which in turn would reduce the assessment, as the City Council deems appropriate annually.
Any balance or deficit remaining on July 1 must be carried over to the next fiscal year.
Estimated
Annual
Improvements Budget
Festoon Lighting Bulb Replacement
Est. Replacement Costs 110,000
City Administration and Contingency (20%) 22,000
132,000
Est. Annual Cost
5 years @ 7% interest 32,193..
Annual Administration (10%) 3 219
Year 1 of 5: 35,412
Festoon Lights O&M
Electricity 17,000
Maintenance 6,000
23,000
Annual Administration (10%) 2,300
Replacement Reserve (20°/0) 4,600
29,900
Sidewalk Cleaning 21,200
Annual Administration {10%) 2,120
23,320
Total Est. Annual Budget 88,632
q:\sanfa monica~nsbia 82 act\ sareports\monica msbia lights sdwk ad ipt 2iapA8.dac
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Packet Pg. 653 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 5 PART C
METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT
Introduction
The Benefit Assessment Act of 1982 ( hereinafter referred to as the " 1982. Act") permits the establishment of assessment districts by cities for the purpose of providing certain public improvements which include the maintenance and operation costs of streets and street lighting services.
Streets" as defined herein is based on the definitions provided by the Office of the Controller for the State of Califomia in the Guidelines Relating to Gas Tax Expenditures published by the Division of Local Government Fiscal Affairs. The state's gas tax program is administered in city agencies, but audited by the Office of the State Controller. The proceeds of the gas tax are statutorily limited to expenditures for streets and roads. Because the funds are restricted to street and road costs, the State Controller has developed "Street Purpose Definitions and Guidelines" based on the Manual of Uniform Highway Accounting and Financial Management Procedures developed by the American Association of State Highway Officials. " Streets", as iY relates to this District, is defined as the operation or maintenance of facilities within the right- wayof--used for street or road purposes.
The 1982 Act. requires that maintenance assessments be levied according to benefit. Section 54711 provides that the "amount of the assessment imposed on any pazcel of property shall be related to the benefit to the parcel which will be derived from the provision of the service". Additionally, Section 54715(c) of the 1982 Act permits the designation of zones of benefit within any individual assessment district "on a parcel, class of improvement to property, or use of property basis, or a combination thereof'. -Thus, the 1982 Act requires the levy of a true "assessment" rather than a "special tax." In addition, Proposition 218, which added Artich XIIID to the California Constitution, requires that a parcel's assessment may not exceed the reasonable cost for the proportional special benefit conferred on that pazcel. Article XIIID provides that only special benefits are assessable and the City must separate the general benefits from the special benefits. It also requires that publicly owned properties which benefit from the improvements be assessed.
This report establishes the formula to be used to distribute .the costs of providing the services described in this report to the benefiting parcels within the City. q:\santa monicalmsbia 82 acAreportsCsta monica msbia fi8hts sdwk ad rp[ 23apA8.doc
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Packet Pg. 654 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area Apri123, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 6 BenefitAnalysis
A. Festoon Lights along Main Street
Special Benefits. The Festoon Lights along Main Street are in addition to the streetlights already in place. Therefore, these lights provide enhancement of the existing lighting.
The Festoon Lights provide additional community character and vitality to the properties along Main Street, in that they:
Promote social interaction,
Promote business and industry,
Contribute to a positive nighttime visual image, and
Enhance pedestrian safety
Therefore, all properties along Main Street receive direct and special benefit from the additional community character and vitality provided by the Festoon Lighting.
There aze a variety of land uses within the benefiting area, includmg residential and commercial uses, mixed residential and commercial uses, institutional uses (such as church, library and museum), pazking lots and access ways, and parks. Dffferent land uses benefit differently from the additional lighting.
Commercial properties are considered to benefit from all four aspects of the additional community character and vitality; therefore, they receive a benefit factor of 1.
Mixed use parcels, with commercial on the bottom floors and residential on the top floors; aze considered to benefit the same as commercial properties; therefore, they also receive a benefit Factor of 1.
Institutional properties, such as libraries, museums and community gardens, aze considered to benefit from the promotion of social interaction and the enhancement of pedestrian safety, which are two of the four aspects; therefore, they receive a benefit factor of one-half (0.5).
Park properties are essentially vacant properties but are used for social interaction. Therefore, park properties aze considered to benefit from the promotion of social intemction and from enhanced pedestrian safety; therefore, they also receive a benefit factor of one-half (0.5).
Residential properties are not considered to receive significant benefits from the additional lighting except for enhanced pedestrian safety; therefore, these properties receive a benefit factor of one-fourth (0.25).
Pazking lots and access ways, which serve the properties azound them,. aze essentially vacant land uses. As such, they do not benefit from most of the additional community chazacter and vitality aspects; however, they do benefit from enhanced pedestrian safety, as their primary function is getting people to and from the surrounding properties; therefore, these properties receive a benefit factor ofone-fourth (0.25).
Public properties are assessed the same as private properties.
General Benefit. No general benefits from the improvements are considered to exist. General benefits, if any, to the surrounding community and public in general from festoon lighting are nominal, intangible and are not quantifiable.
q:\ asan[monica\msbia 82 act\ sareports\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23aprt18.doc
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Packet Pg. 655 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main. Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 7 B. Sidewalk Cleaning
Special Benefit. Steam cleaning of the sidewalks removes dirt and debris from the sidewalks being cleaned.. This creates a cleaner environment adjacent to properties and provides a service that property owners aze usually responsible for. Therefore; Sidewalk Cleaning is considered a direct and special benefit to those properties directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned.
For condominium properties of multiple stories, such as the condominium parcels at the southeast corner of Main and Marine, the benefit is considered to the bottom floor parcels that aze on the same level as the cleaned sidewalk.
General Benefit. No general benefits from the improvements are considered to exist. General benefits, if any, to the surrounding community and public in general from sidewalk cleaning are nominal, intangible and are not quantifiable.
Apportionment Methodology
A. Festoon Lights along Main Street
The costs to install and operate the Festoon Lights along Main Street aze spread to the properties adjacent to Main Street based on the area of the property, in acres, multiplied by the appropriate Benefit Factor. (Acreage is calculated by dividing the property square feet (sf) by 43,560 sf per acre.)
Pazcel size is used as the base unit of lighting benefit because the benefits of community character and vitality goes to how much a property is used versus how much a property fronts the lights.
The more a properly is used, the more it benefits from the additional lighting:
Street frontage along Main Street was not used. because of the inconsistency of depths and parcel shapes within this azea. An example of this is thiee parcels in this azea, each with 50 feet of frontage along Main Street, but with varying parcel azeas of 5,000 sf, 3,970 sf, and 1,940 sf.
Therefore, street frontage was not considered to be a fair indicator of benefit for lighting.
The formula for calculating the Benefit Acres for each property is Pazcel Acres) x (Benefit Factor) =Benefit Acres
B. Sidewalk Cleaning
The costs for the Sidewalk Cleaning aze spread to the parcels directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned based on the linear feet (LF) of frontage being cleaned, Frontage is considered an appropriate because sidewalk cleaning is considered to be a service that that property owners aze usually responsible for. Therefore, each property is assessed based on the amount of frontage directly adjacent to the property. q:~santa monica~msbia 82 act~reportslsta monica msbia liglrts sdwk ad Ipt 23aprtl8.doc
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Packet Pg. 656 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008.
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 8 Assessment Rate Calculation
The table below provides the assessment apportionment for the areas of benefit and shows the maximum annual assessment rate for FY 2008-09.
FY 2008-09 Maximum
Estimated FY 2008-09
Improvements Budgef / Asmt Units = Asmt Rate*
Festoon Lights Bulb Replacement $
35,412 / 17.293 Benefit Acres = $ 2, 82 / 047.Benefit Acre assessed for 5 years only)
Festoon Lighting O & M $ 29,900 / 17.293 Benefit Acres = $ 1, D7 / 729.Benefit Acre Sidewalk Cleaning $ 23,320 f 14, 96814. Linear Feet _ $ 1.58 / LF The maximum annual maintenance assessment rates (for festoon lighting O & M and sidewalk cleaning) will be increased each subsequent Fiscal Year by the annual change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), during the preceding year, for All Urban Consumers, for the Los Angeles, Riverside and Orange County areas, published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (or a reasonably
equivalent index should the stated index be discontinued).
The actrial assessments levied in any fiscal year will be as approved by the City Council and may not exceed the .maximum assessment rate without receiving property owner approval for the increase.
q:\sanfa monica\msbia S2 act~ sareports~monica msbia lights sdwl; ad rpt 23aprO8.doc
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Packet Pg. 657 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 9 PART D
ASSESSMENT DIAGRAM
The Assessment Diagrams, showing the exterior boundaries of the each Zone within the District, are provided on the following pages.
The lines and dimensions of each lot or pazcel within the District aze those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles for the fiscal year to which this report applies. The Assessor s maps and records are incorporated by reference herein and made part of this report.
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sareports~monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apA8.doc
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Packet Pg. 658 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighfing and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 10 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and. Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 1 of 4
District Boundary
i-•
FestoonLighting and Sidewalk Cleaning
Sidewalk Gleaning tanly
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sareports\ monica msbia lights sdwl: ad Ipt 23apN8.dac
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Packet Pg. 659 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 11 City of Santa Monica
Main Street BusinessArea
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Gleaning Rssessment District Rssessment Diagram Sheet 2 of 4
1 Assessment Number
0 Parcel
Not a Part
Distric# Boundary
Festoon t.ighting and Sidewalk Cleaning
Sidewalk Cleaning dnly
q:\ asan[monica\ msbia 82 acf~ Stareports\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad ipt 23apA8.doc
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Packet Pg. 660 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District - FY 2008-09 Page 12 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 3 of 4
1 Assessment Number
Parcel
Not a Part
pistrfct Boundary
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning
Sidewalk Cleaning only
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 acdreportslsta monica msbia fights sdwk ad apt 23apr08. doc
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Packet Pg. 661 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area Apri123, 2008 Festoon Lighfing and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 13 City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Gleaning Assessment District Assessment Diagram Sheet 4 of 4
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Sidewalk Cleaning Only
q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sarepord\ monica msbia fie~ts sdwk ad apt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 662 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area Apri123, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 14 PART E
ASSESSMENT ROLL
The total proposed assessment for Fiscal Yeaz 2008-09 -and the amount of the total proposed assessment apportioned to each lot or parcel within the District, as sho~~~ n on the latest assessment roll at the Los Angeles County Assessor'sOffice, are provided on the following pages.
The description of each lot or pazcel is part of the records of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles and these records aze, by reference, made part of this Report. q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ sareports~monica msbia fights sdwk ad rpt 23aprtl8.dw
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Packet Pg. 663 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt City of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 15 c=axb h=gf+i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb ~ Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximu m Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't ORM Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY OB-09 Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt 144 PICO BLVD
1918
1 4289020004 Commercial 0.366 1.00 0.386 790.46 667.42 120 00 140.00 260 00 410.80 1,868.68 MAIN ST 2 4289020005 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 423.90 357.92 60 00 0.00 60 00 94.80 876 62 145 BAY ST ~ 1 3 4289020006 Mixed Use 0.414 1.00 0.414 847.80 715.83 120 00 150.00 270 00 426.60 1,990.23 901 MAIN ST 4 4289019024 Commercial 0.240 1.00 0.240 491.48 414.98 45 00 120.00 165.00 260.70 1 167 16 1907 MAIN 1 ST 5 4289019025 Parkin ! Access 0.232 0.25 0.058 118.77 100.29 84 00 0.00 84.00 132.72 351.78 913 MAIN ST 6 4289019005 Parkin / Access 0.116 0.25 0.029 59.39 50.14 42 00 0.00 42.00 66.36 175 89 211 BAY ST 7 4289019006 Commercial 0.240 1.00 0.240 491.48 414.98 87 00 120.00 207.00 327.06 1 233 52 2000 MAIN ST 8 4289020021 Mixed Use. 1.170 1.00 1.170 2, 95395. 2, 01023. 301 60 338.70 640.30 1, 67011. 5 430 63 2003 MAIN ST 9 4289018001 Commercial 0.276 1.00 0.276 565.20 477.22 120 00 100.00 220.00 347.60 1 390.02 2015 MAIN ST 10 4289018003 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 423.90 357.92 60 00 0.00 60.00 94.80 876 62 2021 MAIN 2104 M
ST 11 4289018054 Mized Use 0.413 1.00. 0.413 845.75 714.11 120 48 150.16 270.64 427.61 1,987.47 AIN ST 12 4289021011 Commercial 0.069 1.00 0.069 141.30 119.31 60.00 50.00 110.00 173.80 434 41 2110 MAIN
21 ST 13 4289021012 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 423.90 357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 876.62 16 MAIN ST 14 ~ 4289021013 Mixed Use 0.206 1.00 0.206 421.85 356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 872 84 2150 MAIN ST 15 4289021902 Park 0.413 0.50 0.207 422.87 357.05 120.00. 150.00 270.00 426.60 1,206.52 2101 MAIN ST 16 4289017001 Commercial 0.110 1.00 0.110 225.26 190.20 120.00 40.00 160.00 252.80 668.26 2113 MAIN 2115 MAI
ST 17 4289017005 Commercial 0.206 1.00 0.206 421.85 356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 872. 84 N ST 18 4289017006 Parkin / Access 0.138 0.25 0.035 70.65 59.65 60.00 0.00 60.00 94.80 225 10 201 PACIFIC ST 2 19 4289017007 Commercial 0.138 1.00 0.138 282.60 238.61 60.00 100.00 160.00 252.80 774.01 200 MAIN ST 20 4289022054 Mized Use 0.088 1.00 0.088 180.21. 152.16 60.00 63.93 123.93 195.81 528.18 2210 MAIN ST 21 4289022078 Commercial 0.119 1.00 ~ 0.119 243.69 205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 512 65 2216 MAIN 2218 M
ST 22 4289022017 Commercial 0.120 1.00. 0.120 245.74 207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 516.43 AIN ST 23 4289022016 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 245.74 207.49 40.00 0.00 40 00 63 20 516 43 2222 MAIN ST 24 4289022015 Mixed Use 0.060 1.00 0.060 122.87 103.74 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 289 81 2224 MAIN ST 25 4289022013 Mixed Use 0.119 1.00 0.119 243.69 205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 63.20 512 65 2230 MAIN 214
ST 26 4289022012 Commercial. 0.058 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 40.00 62.50 102.50 161.95 381.01 PACIFIC ST 27 4289016029 Mixed Use 0.413 1.00 0.413 845.75 714.11 60.00 150.00 210.00 331.80 1 891.66 2215 MAIN ST 28 4289016003 Commercial 0.206 1.00 0.206 421.85 356.19 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 817.54 2219 MAIN ST 29 4289016025 Commercial 0.413 1.00 0.413 845.75 714.11 120.00 150.00 270.00 ~ 426.60 1 986.46 2303 NEILSON WAY 30 4289023905 Institutional 0.751 0.50 0.376 768.96 649.27 223.53 290.13 513.66 811.58 2,229.81 2301 MAIN ST 31 4289015023 Commercial 0.129 1.00 0.129 264.17 223.05 48.00 116.30 164.30 259,59 746 81 2307 MAIN ST 32 4289015022 Commercial 0.133 1.00 0.133 272.36 229 97 50 00 0 00 50 00 79 00 581 33 2311 MAIN ST 33 4289015038 Parkin Access 0.385 0.25 0.096 197.10 166.42 44.00 0.00 44.00 69.52 433 04 2311 MAIN ST 34 4289015020 Parkin / Access 0.016 0.25 0.004 8.19 6.92 6.00 0 00 6 00 9 48 24 59 2311 MAIN ST 35 4289015037 Parkin / Access 0.142 0.25 0.036 72.70 61.36 53.29 0.00 53.29 84.20 218 28 2321 MAIN ST 36 4289015024 Commercial 0.083 1.00 0.083 169.97 143.51 50.50 0.00 50.50 79.79 393 27 2327 MAIN ST 37 4289015031 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 245.74 207.49 79.00 61.50 140.50 221.99 675 22 2400 MAIN ST 38 4288015034 Commercial 0.326 1.00 0.326 667.59 563.68 231.23 47.39 278.62 440.22 1 671 49 2435 NEILSON WAY 39 4288015901 Parkin / Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 136.21 136.21 215.21 215 21 2420 MAIN
2428 M
ST 40 4288015004 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 79.86 67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 186.79 AIN ST 41 4288015005 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25.00 0.00 25 00 39 50 122 59 2434 MAIN ST 42 4288015006 Commercial 0 022 1 00 0 022 45 05 243
38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 122.59 0 MAIN ST 43 4288015007 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38 04 25 00 0 00 25 00 39 50 122.59 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act4eports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad ryt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 664 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning City of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 16 c=axb h=gf+i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St- Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09
Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt 2430 MAIN ST 44 4288015008 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122 59 2434 MAIN ST 45 4288015009 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122 59 2440 MAIN ST 46 4288015010 Commercial 0.044 1.00 0.044 90.10 76.08 50 00 0.00 50 00 79.00 245.18 2444 MAIN ST 47 4288015035 Commercial 0.078 1.00 0.078. 159.73 134.87 50 00 0.00 50 00 79.00 37360 2450 MAIN ST 48 4288015014 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122 59 2502 MAIN ST 49 4288014001 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 79.86 67.43 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 186.79 2510 MAIN ST 50 4288014002 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 79.86 67.43 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 186 79 2510
25 MAIN ST 51 4288014003 Commercial 0.041 1.00 0.041 83.96 70.89 26 09 0.00 26 09 41.22 196.07 10 MAIN ST 52 4288014004 Commercial 0.021 1.00 0.021 43.00 36.31 23 91 0.00 23 91 37.78 117.09 2510
25 MAIN ST 53 4288014005 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122.59 10 MAIN ST 54 4288014006 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 45.05 38.04 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122 59 2518
25 MAIN ST 55 4288014007 Mixed Use 0.022 1.00 0.022. 45.05 38.04 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 122.59 22 MAIN ST 56 4288014035 Commercial 0.197 1.00 0.197 403.42 340.63 125 00 0.00 125 00 197.50 941 55 181 OCEAN PARK BLVD 57 4288014034 Commercial 0.161 1.00 0.161 329.70 278.38 100 00 0.00 100 00 158.00 766 08 2401 2403
MAIN ST 58 4288001039 Commercial 0.075 1.00 0.075 153.59 129.68 32 50 100.00 132 50 209.35 492.62 MAIN ST 59 4288001040 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 254 79 2407 MAIN ST 60 4288001019 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 25 00 0.00 25 00 39.50 258 56 2409 MAIN ST 61 4288001020 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 25 00 0.00 25.00 39.50 258.56 2411 MAIN ST 62 4288001021 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50 00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 2420
2503
2ND ST
MAIN ST
63 4288001042 Commercial 1.149 1.00 1.149 2, 95352. 1, 70986. 250 00 0.00 250.00 395.00 4,734. 65 64 4288001026 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 - 98.56 25 00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2507
2 MAIN ST 65 4288001028 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50 00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 515 MAIN ST 66 4288001035 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100 00 0.00 100. 00 158.00 1 022.91 205 NORMAN PL 67 4288001036 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100 00 100.00 200.00 316.00 1,180. 91 2520 2ND ST 68 4288001900 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 158.00 158 00 2601 MAIN ST 69 4288002902 Institutional 0.226 0.50 0.113 231.40 195.38 50.00 400.00 450.00 711.00 1,137.78 2612 MAIN ST 70 4288013904 Institutional 0.106 0.50 0.053 108.53 91.64 68.30 68.80 137.10 216.62 416.79 2625 NEILSON WAY 71 4288013905 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 158.00 158 00 2640 MAIN ST 72 4288013900 Insttutional 0.180 0.50 0.090 184.30 155.62 200.00 0.00 200.00 316.00 655 92 2612 MAIN ST 73 4288012900 Insttutional 0.090 0.50 0.045 92.15 77.81 100.00 0.00 100.00 158.00 327.96 2654 MAIN ST 74 4288012001 Commercial 0.181 1.00 0.181 370.66 312.96 200.00 39.50 239.50 378.41 1 062.03 2654 MAIN ST 75 4288012002 Commercial 0.00 0.00 O.W 30.01 30.01 47.42 47.42 2675 NEILSON WAY 76 4288012902. Parkin / Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.00 80.00 126.40 126.40 2615 MAIN ST 77 4288002021 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 100.00 150.00 237.00 667.56 2619 MAIN ST 78 4288002022 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2625 MAIN ST 79 4288002045 Mixed Use 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 2627 MAIN ST 80 4288002025 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 509 56 2631 MAIN ST 81 4288002026 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 2633 MAIN ST 82 4288002027 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25 00 0 00 25 00 39 50 254 79 2637
26 MAIN ST 83 4288002036 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 158.00 1,022.91 51 MAIN ST 84 4288002032 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513.34 2653 2665
MAIN ST 85 4288002033 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254.79 MAIN ST 86 4288002044 Commercial 0.287 1.00 0.287 587.72 496.24 125.00 0.00 125.00 197.50 1,281.46 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\ srepor[ sta monica msliie lights sdwk ad rp[ 23apr08. doc
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Packet Pg. 665 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning City of Santa Monica - Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 17 c=axb h=gt+i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Property Address
2663 MAIN ST
2702 MAIN ST
Map
No.
87 Assessor's
Parcel No.
4288002035
Land
Use
Commercial
Festoon
Lighting
Acres
0.115
Lighting
Benefit
Factor
7.00 Lighting
Benefit
Acres
0.115
Light Bulb
Replacem't
Asmt
235.50
Lighting
O&M
Asmt
198.84
Sidewalk
Main St
LF
50.00 Sidewalk
Side-St
LF
100.00
Total
Sidewalk
LF
150.00
Sidewalk
Asmt
237.00
Maximum
FY 08.09
Asmt
671.34
150 HILL ST
2725 NEILSON WAY
2708 MAIN ST
2710 MAIN S
88 89
90 91
4288011016
4288011901
4288011900
4288011009
Commercial
Parkin / Access
Parkin / Access
Commercial
0.091
0.046
1.00 0.00
0.00 1.00
0.091
0.046
186.35
0.00 0.00
94.20 157.35
0.00 0.00
79.54 50
25 00
00 79.40
25.00 72.70
0.00 129
25 72
25 40
00 70
00 204
39 114
39 45
50 87
50 548
39 114
213
15 50
87 24 T
2712 MAIN ST
2716 MAIN ST
2720 MAIN ST
2724 MAIN ST
2732 MAIN ST
2736 MAIN ST
2802 MAIN ST
2804 MAIN ST
2810 MAIN ST
2826 MAIN ST
2826 MAIN ST
151 ASH LAND AVE
2825 NEILSON WAY
2701 MAIN ST
2709 MAIN ST
2711 MAIN ST
2713 MAIN ST
2719 MAIN ST
2727 MAIN 5T
2727 MAIN ST
2727 MAIN ST
2801 MAIN S
92 93
94 95
96 .
97 98
99 100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
4288011002
4288011003
4288011004
4288011005
4288011006
4288011007
4288010001
4288010015
4288010005
4288010006
4288010007
4288010014
4288010901
4288010900
4288003043
4288003042
4288003041
4288003040
4288003045
4288003035
4288003034
4288003033
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Parkin / Access
Parkin / Access
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
0.022
0.023
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.022
0.022
0.067
0.045
0.089
0.067
172
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.230
0.057
0.057
0.057
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
0.022
0.023
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.022
0.022
0.067
0.045
0.089
0.067
0.172
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.230
0.057
0.057
0.057
45.05 47.10
92.15 92.15
92.15 45.05
45.05 137.20
92.15 182:26
137.20
0.00 0.00
0.00 352.23
116.73
116.73
116.73
471.00
116.73
116.73
116.73
38.04 39.77
77.81 77.81
77.81 38.04
38.04 115.85
77.81 153.89
115.85
0.00 0.00
0.00 297.40
98.56 98.56
98.56 397.69
98.56 98.56
98.56 25
25 50
50 50
25 25
75 50
100
75 5
25 25
25 100
25 25
25 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
38.51 40.34
25.21 65.55
100.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00. 0.00
0.00 25
25 50
50 50
25 25
75. 50.
100.
113.
40. 25.
65. 175.
25. 25,
25. 100.
25. 25.
25. 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 51
34 21
55 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 39
39 79
79 79
39 39
118
79 158
179
63 39
103
276
39 39
39 158
39 39
39 50
50 00
00 00
50 50
50 00
00 35
74 83
57 50
50 50
50 00
50 50
50 122.59
126.37
248.96
248.96
248.96
122.59
122.59
371.55
248.96
494.15
432.40
63.74 39.83
103.57
926.13
254.79
254.79
254.79
1, 69026.
254.79
254.79
254.79
2803
2807
2817
T
MAIN ST
MAIN ST
114
115
116
4288003032
4288003048
4288003029
M&ed Use
Commercial
Commercial
0.057
0.114
0.057
1.00 1.00
1.00 0.057
0.114
0.057
116.73
233.45
116.73
98.56 197.11
98.56 25
50 25
00 00
00 0.00
0.00 0.00
25. 50.
25. 00
00 00
39. 79.
39. 50
00 50
254
509
254
79 56
79 2817
2817
2817
2821
MAIN ST
MAIN ST
MAIN ST
MAIN ST
MAIN ST
117
118
119
120
4288003028
4288003027
4288003026
4288003044
Parkin ! Access
Parkin / Access
Parkin / Access
Commercial
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.115
0.25 0.25
0.25 1.00
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.115
29.18 29.18
29.18 235.50
24.64 24.64
24.64 198.84
25 25
25 50
00 00
00 00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
25. 25.
25. 50.
00 00
00 00
39. 39.
39. 79.
50 50
50 00
93 93
93. 513,
32 32
32 34
2900 MAIN ST
2900 MAIN ST
150 ASHLAND AVE
2911 NEILSON WAY
2910 MAIN ST
2912 MAIN ST
2914 MAIN ST
2916 MAIN ST
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
4288003023
4288009008
4288009001
4288009901
4288009900
4288009009
4288009013
4288009014
4288009012
Commercial
Commercial
Parkin ( Access
Parkin ! Access
Parkin / Access
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
0.172
0.066
0.106
0.286
0.022
0.045
0.045
0.022
1.00 1.00
0.00 0.25
0.25 1.00
1.OD
1.00 1.00
0.172
0.066
0.027
0.072
0.022
0.045
0.045
0.022
352.23
135.16
0.00 54.27
146.42
45.05 92.15
92.15 45.05
297.40
114.12
0.00 45.82
123.63
38.04 77.81
77.81 38.04
75 75
50. 131.
25. 25.
25. 25.
00 00
42 10
00 00
00 00 -
100.00
38.43 40.67
50.42 131.10
0.00 0.00
0.00 38.18
175.
113.
40. 100.
262:
25. 25.
25. 63.
00 43
67 84
20 00
00 00
18 276.
179.
64. 159.
414.
39. 39.
39. 99.
50 22
26 33
28 50
50 50
82 926.
428.
64. 259.
684.
122.
209.
209.
182.
13 50
26 42
33 59
46 46
91 q:\ asm[ monicn\ msbia 82 aot\ sareporls\ movioa mebia ligirts adwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 666 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning City of Santa Monica -Main Street Business Area Apri123, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District- FY 2008-09 Page 18 c=axb h=gf+i k=e+d+i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximu m Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09
Property Address No, Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt 2916 MAIN ST 130 4288009007 Commercial 0.023 1.00 0.023 47.10 39.77 40.00 40.00 80.00 126.40 213 27 2924 MAIN ST 177 PIE
131 4288008009 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92.15 77.81 25.00. 78.11 103.11 162.91 332 87 R AVE 132 4288008008 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 180.08 180.08 284.53 284 53 2926 MAIN ST 133 4288008004 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 92.15 77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 209 46 2934 MAIN ST 134 4288008005 Commercial 0.135 1.00 0.135 276.48 233.42 75.00 0.00 75.00 118.50 628 38 2942 MAIN ST
2901 M
135 4288008007 Commercial 0.126 1.00 0.126 258.03 217.86 70.09 78.01 148.10 234.00 70989 AIN ST 136 4288004028 Commercial 0.113 1.00 0.113 231.40 195.38 50.00 100.00 150.00 237.00 66378 2905 MAIN ST
29 137 4288004024 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254 79 09 MAIN ST 138 4288004023 Commercial 0.229. 1.00 0.229 468.95 395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 158.00 1 022 91 2919 MAIN ST 139 4288004022 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 513 34 2923 MAIN ST
292
140 4288004021 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 116.73 98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 254 79 5 MAIN ST 141 4288004020 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 118.77 100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 258 56 2929 MAIN ST 142 4288004019 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 233.45 197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 79.00 50956 2939 MAIN ST 143 4288004018 Commercial 0.056 1.00 0.056 114.68 96.83 24.50 0.00 24.50 38.71 250 22 2937 MAIN ST 2941 MAI
144 4288004017 Commercial O.D59 1.00 0.059 120.82 102.02 25.50 0.00 25.50 40.29 263 13 N ST 145 4288004027 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 25.00 0.00 25.00 39.50 473 84 2943 MAIN ST 3002MAIN
146 4288004026 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 235.50 198.84 25.00 200.00 225.00 355.50 789 84 ST 147 4288007009 Commercial 0.145 1.00 0.145 298.93 250.72 79.79 77.76 157.55 248.93 796 58 170 PIER AVE 170 PIER AVE
148 4288007011 Parkin / Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.00 47.00 74.26 74 26 149 4288007001 Commercial 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.00 85 00 134 30 134 30 3008 MAIN ST 150 4288007006 Commercial 0.062 1.00 0.062 126.96 107 20 35 00 0 00 35 00 55 30 3016 MAIN ST 151 4288007007 Parkin / Access 0.138 0.25 0 035 70 65 59 85 75 00 77 46 15 4 28946
3005 MAIN ST 152 4288005015 A artment 0.737 0.25 0 184 377 31 318 58 161 00 400 00
2. 6
561
240.89 371 19
3100 MAIN ST 153 4288006015 Commercial 0 442 1 00 0 442 905 14 00 886.38 1,582 27
212 MARINE ST
764.25 125.37 167.40 292.77 462.58 2,131 97
154 4288005017 Com-Condo 0.101 1.00 0.101 206.38 174 26 154 68 38 29 192 97 304 89 68 212 MARINE ST 155 4288005018 Com-Condo 0 00 0 00
5.53 212 MA
0.00 46.50 46.50 73.47 73.47 RINE ST 156 4288005019 Com-Condo 0.00 0.00 0.00 49 23 49 23 77 78 77 7 212 MARINE ST 157 4288005020 Com-Condo 0 00 0 00 0 00
8 50.60 50.60 79.95 79.95
20.026 17.293 35, 00412. 29, 09900. 8,498.88 6, 08316. 14, 96814. 23, 65407. 88,719.74 q:\santa monicaMsbia 82 acf\ stareports\ monica msbia lights sdwk ad rp[ 23apA8.doc
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Packet Pg. 667 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning 5+ c
e~~
April 17, 2008, 6:30PM
The Victorian
2640 Main Street
Santa Monica
Please join MSBIA and the City
for lighting demos and a discussion about a proposed Lighting and Sidewalk District.
Do we want to continue
the decorative, pedestrianoriented lighting?
Do vve want to upgrade to
LED lights?
Do we want increased
sidewalk cleaning?
How should we balance
service levels and fees?
Your input is vital to making
sound decisions about our
thriving business area.
d
City of
Santa Monica'
S
a,~
7~'++.
vnra nv~m ru '
Property Owners to Vote on Continuing
Lights and Sidewalk Cleaning
THE DYiy?AMIC MAIN STREET
business area where you own
property is filled with a wide
array of shops, restaurants,
entertainment, businesses, cultural opportunities and gathering places. The lively ambience attracts locals and visitors firom all over Southern Californiaand beyond.
Underlying tl?c areas unique
image and attractiveness are the
clean sidewalks for strolling and,
at night, the festoon lighting along
Main St~' eet. Last year, the City of
Santa Monica gave the Main Street
Business Improvement Association (MSPIA) a one-time grant to pay for continuing that lighting
and for the additional sideta~alk
cleaning (cleaning beyond what
the City pro~rides for other areas).
That grant is notro° ea~piring and, to
continue or improve the lighting
and sidewall: cleaning, another
revenue source is needed.
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Packet Pg. 668 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt Main Street
without festoon lights.
Please fill
out our surve
other side!
City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business Area
Additional Lighting and
Sidewalk Cleaning
Assessment District
Proposed Assessment Would
Pay for Continued Service
MSBIA AND THE CITY are exploring forming
a Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment
District Property owners in the area would
be assessed a set amount every year to pay
for continued festoon lighting and sidewalk
cleaning. If property owners approve forming
the District, the assessment would pay for both
more energy-efficient LEB festoon lights on
YIain SireeC and increased sidewalk clecuring.
All property owners ~a7ll receive a ballot in the
mail to cote on whether to form the District.
The proposed District wouild inchide about
r5o proper3ies on IG2ain Street and side streets,
starting at Pico >;lvd. and running to the
southern bor<er of the Cih~ south of bZ arine St
see t a ).
Main Street with
festoon lights.
nt~~~ @~s
For more detailed
information about
the project and the
upcoming community
meeting, and to let us
know what you think,
please contact us:
Erika Cavicante, City Liaison
City of Santa Monica
Housing and Economic
Development Department
39 O) 458-8756
Erika. net cavicante@smgov.
Joe Pipersky, Joe's Grill
MSBIA Chair
2917 Main Street
Santa Monica, CA 90405
39 0) 866-5637
Parcel
Notapart
Distdct boundary
Festoon lighting and sidewalk cleaning
11°" Sidewalk cleaning only
N
yE
s
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Packet Pg. 669 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt PLACE
ST. Pv~
HEP`c"
Erika Cavicante
City of Santa Monica
Housing and Economic Development Department
3223 Donald Douglas Loop South
Santa Monica, CA 90405
PLEASE CLIP ANO MMi - - - - -
Festoon Lighting Sidewalk Cleaning
ADDITIONAL LIGHTING can contribute
to a positive nighttime visual image, enhance
pedestrians' sense of safety, and promote business and socializing.' he1'proposal includes:
Installing more energy-efficient LED festoon
lights along both sides of Main Street, replacingthe existing xenon bulbs.
Providing on-going operation (including electricity costs) and maintenance of the festoon lights, which is likely to be less expensive
than the current xenon lighting.
An assessment would be based on the total
size of property and the benefits received
properties not on Main Street wotdd
r"~ not pay for the lighting).
CLEAN SIDEWALKS can enhance community character and the pedestrian experience, and promote business. T he. proposal includes:
s Steam cleaning sidewalks along both sides of
Main Str-cet and high-traffic side streets using
en~~ fiiendlj- adablesoaps 2ronment- biode~~
and machines Chat Lrap dirtti,° wafer to prevent
it from Ilowing into the ocean.
b
Tncrcasing sen~ice from spot ciezming twice
a month to thoroughly cleaning entire sidewallcs once a month and spot cleaning once a month (the Cih's basic service is cleaning
t~~~ ce a pear).
An assessment woLrld be based on the linear
feet of propert}- on streets being cleaned.
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Packet Pg. 670 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt 1~aEn street urea Pr®perty ~wn~r~:
Stare ~'~ nr' haaz~ tsI'l~Ab~ at ~.~~~ s~ttzn~ and Sade~~alk Cieanin~ Let us know what you think! Come to the community meeting AprIl i9, 6:3opm at The Victorian (see front page for more m details)-orif you can't make it, please send this questionnaire back to the City by April i8. a
Here are my thoughts about lighting along Main Street: o n
rt
2. Here are my thoughts about sidewalk cleaning in the area:
3. Here are my thoughts about forming an assessment district to pay for continued lighting and sidewalk cleaning:
4. I'd like more information.
Name and property address:
z
ti
as Bestwavtoreachme: i
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Packet Pg. 671 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt r~ ~~ t ~ ~,. l~/, ~ ~
e~®
fli9i
fi3
May 22, 2008, 6:30PM
The Victorian
2640 Main Street
Santa Monica
Please join the City and MSBIA for lighting demos and a discussion about the proposed
Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk
Cleaning District.
Do we want to continue the
decorative, pedestrian-oriented lighting?
Do we want increased sidewalk cleaning?
What would your proposed
annual assessment be?
Property owners will decide in
June-be informed before you
vote!
City of
Santa Monica°
a
e Rio::.
7~l
aa~rra moruca
Property Owner Vote Proposed on
Festoon Lights and Sidewalk Cleaning
THE LIVELY AMBIENCE of the
Main Street business area where
you own property attracts locals
and visitors from all over Southern
California-and beyond. Underlying the area's unique image and attractiveness are the pedestrianoriented sidewalks for strolling and, at night, the festoon lighting
along Main Street Last year, the
City of Santa Monica gave the
Main Street Business ImprovementtLssociation ( MSBIA) a onetime grant to pay for festoon lighting and for additional sidewalk cleaning (cleaning beyond what
the City provides for other areas).
That grant is now expiring:
In June, if the City Council moves
forward with the process, property
owners will vote on an assessment
to maintain the current festoon
lighting as it is and increase the
level of sidewalk cleaning. Lf approved by property owners, the medfan total assessment would be
about $2b' a lnontlt.
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Packet Pg. 672 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt What's aMail-Back Ballot Vote?
CITIES SOMETIMES SEND BALLOTS
to property owners, whether or not they
T
are registered voters, to ask them
to vote on financial issues specifically concerning their property.
Californians approved this method of
voting, now part of the California Constitution, in a
ryy6 statevride election.
In June 2008, the Cih- is proposing to
mail an official ballot to each property
owner of record in the proposed District. You will he asked to vote on whether to form an assessment district and pay an annual
assessment for continued festoon lighting and increased sidewalk cleaning. There is one vote per propertyand, in accordance with California law, votes will be weighted according to the total assessment amount
assigned to that property (properties v`rith higher assessmentshave more weight). You will have 45 days to complete and return the ballot. Approval requires at
least So% of returned ballots, weighted. by assessment. t without
Ihts.
Main Street
with festoon
lights.
or~rriunity- seed roosa
TO DEVELOP THE PROPOSED DISTRICT
and the elements it would fund, the City
and MSBLy spoke with many property owners in the area, sent ont a survey and conducted a corrnnunity meeting. The proposed District would h~clude almost 16o properties on Main Sheet and side streets, starting at Pico Blvd. and running to the southern
border of the Cih~ south of Marine St It
will fund continued festoon lighting and
increased sidewalk cleaning. The estimated
annual budget would be about $88,Sno
and the total inedian assessment would be
about $28 a mouth total (the size of properties and their assessments vary v,~idely; your exact assessment will be on your ballot and
you can also contact the City now).
Festoon Lighting
The Main Sheet festoon lights are in addition to the Cit}~- provided sheetlights. Additional lighting can contribute to a positive nighttime visual image, enhance pedeshians' sense of safety, and promote business and socializing. The proposal includes:
Providing on-going operation (including
electricity costs} of the festoon lights.
Replacing bulbs as necessarT~ (bulbs are
reaching the end of their useful life and
almost all will need to be replaced in the
near future}.
Maintaining the globes that surround
the bulbs as necessary.
Based on property owner feedback, an
original proposal to upgrade from the
current single strand of xenon lights to a
double strand of even more energy-efficient
LED lights ~~° as dropped as too expensive
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Packet Pg. 673 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt for Fest®on Lighting and Sidewalk leao~i~
and because the quality of LED lighting is inferior
to xenon bulbsSidewalk Cleaning
Clean sidewalks can enhance community character
and the pedestrian experience, and promote bustness. The proposal includes:
Thorough steam cleaning of sidewalks 1o times
a year-in addition to the City'sstandard twice
a year ser'<> alongice-both sides of Main Street
and on all side. streets in the proposed District.
Additional spot cleaning-once a month:
Using environment-friendly biodegradable
soaps and machines that trap dirty water to
prevent it from flowing to the ocean.
Assessment Methodology
Each property's assessment will be based on the
special benefit that property receives from the festoonlighting and/or sidewalk cleaning.
Festoon Lighting: Only properties on Main
Street benefit from and would pay for festoon
lighting-an assessment would be based on
the total size of your properly and ehe level of
benefits received. Commercial properties and
mixed-use properties receive full benefits, parks
and institutional properties (gardens, library)
receive half benefits and residential uses and
parking lots receive one-quarter benefits: The
assessment is determined by multiplying your.
benefif factor by your parcel's acreage to determine a "benefit acre." The total lighting assessmentwould be $gl~ a month per benefit acre which includes $i~rfor the bulb replacement
prograan; which will only be for a
5-year period).
Sidewalk Cleaning. All properties at street
level benefit from clean sidewalks. Each property would be assessed based on the amount of sidewalk fi-ontage directly adjacent to their
property; at a rate of $i:58 per linear footper
year (about $0.13 per linear fool per month).
Without additional funding, sidewalks would be
cleaned only twice a yeai, and Lestoon lighting will
be reduced more and more. You can read a fitll
analysis of the Benefits and assessment inethodology in the Engineer'sKeport, available fiom the City For more detailed information aboutttie proposal, your exact proposed assessment, and to read the detailed Engineer's Report, please contact:
Erika Cavicante, City Liaison . Joe Pipersky, Joe's Gritl City of Santa Monica MSBIA Chair
Housing and Economic 2917 Main Street
Development Department Santa Monica, CA 90405
310) 458-8756 ( 310} 866-5637
Erika. net Cavicante@smgov.
0 w
r
Y
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Packet Pg. 674 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt
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Packet Pg. 675 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt
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Packet Pg. 676 Attachment: Adopt Resolution of Intention for Proposed Main Street Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (6332 : Adopt 1 City Council Meeting: April 23, 2024 Santa Monica, California RESOLUTION NUMBER _________ (CCS)
(City Council Series)
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
SANTA MONICA AMENDING RESOLUTION NUMBER 10325 (CCS) TO CLARIFY
AUTHORIZATION TO LEVY ANNUALLY AND PLACE THE MAIN STREET BUSINESS
AREA FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENTS ON THE
LOS ANGELES COUNTY PROPERTY TAX ROLLS
WHEREAS, on May 27, 2008, the City of Santa Monica (the “City”) adopted Resolution No. 10294 (CCS) declaring its intention to set a public hearing to consider the formation of the Main Street Business Area Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District (the “District”), approved the final Engineer’s Report for the proposed District pursuant to the provisions of the “Benefit Assessment Act of 1982” (commencing with California Government Code Section 54703) (the “Act”) and in accordance with Article XIIID of the California Constitution and the Proposition 218 Omnibus Implementation Act (commencing with California Government Code Section 53750), and authorized the City Manager and Parking Authority Executive Director to affirmatively sign ballots on behalf of City and Parking Authority owned properties; and WHEREAS, the proposed District would fund the costs of the preservation, improvement, servicing, and maintenance of public street lighting, streets, roads, and highways of benefit to property within the District; and WHEREAS, the City notified the property record owners within the proposed District that the proposed assessment for bulb placement would be levied for five years and the assessment for operation and maintenance of the festoon lights and sidewalk cleaning would be levied annually and that the maximum annual maintenance
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Packet Pg. 677 Attachment: Resolution to Amend Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) [Revision 3] (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main 2 assessment rates for festoon lights and sidewalk cleaning would increase each subsequent fiscal year by the annual change in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”), during the preceding year; and
WHEREAS, following notice duly given in accordance with applicable law, the City Council held a full public hearing on July 22, 2008, at the time and place appointed therefore regarding the proposed formation of the District, the proposed levy of the assessments and the Engineer’s Report; and
WHEREAS, the City Council considered all oral and written statements, protests and communications made or filed by any interested persons; and WHEREAS, following the conclusion of the public hearing, assessment ballots received by the City were tabulated by the City Clerk and a majority protest did not exist; and
WHEREAS, under the authority of the Act, on July 22, 2008, the City adopted Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) approving the formation of the District and approved and confirmed the levy of assessments for the District as provided in the Engineer’s Report; and
WHEREAS, the City Clerk was authorized and directed to file a certified copy of Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) and the assessment roll with the County Auditor of the County of Los Angeles for fiscal year 2008-09; and
WHEREAS, on or about August 3, 2023, the County of Los Angeles Department of Auditor-Controller notified the City that Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) that the City submitted along with the assessment roll for fiscal year 2023-24 did not include the
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Packet Pg. 678 Attachment: Resolution to Amend Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) [Revision 3] (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main 3 required language authorizing the County Auditor-Controller to levy and place the assessments on the Los Angeles County Property Tax Rolls annually and recommended that the City clarify its resolution to make clear that the assessments may be collected annually, that the City is authorized to submit these assessments to the County AuditorController, and that the City requests that the County Auditor-Controller collect the assessments in the same manner as the County taxes; and WHEREAS, the City determined that Resolution No. 10325 inadvertently omitted the language that permits the County Auditor-Controller to levy the assessments annually, rather than just for Fiscal Year 2008-09, for operation and maintenance of the festoon lights and additional sidewalk cleaning and determined that County AuditorController’s request that the City clarify Resolution No. 10325 to clarify that such assessments would be levied annually is in accordance with the City’s notices there were duly given to all property record owners within the proposed District and with the assessments as shown in the Engineer’s Report that were confirmed on July 22, 2008.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. Section 6 of Resolution Number 10325 (CCS) is amended as follows:
Section 6. The City Council declares that the
assessments in the Engineer’s Report are hereby confirmed as filed and as provided in the Engineer’s Report and,
subject to the permitted escalation factor, shall constitute the maximum assessments which may be levied in any fiscal
year. The adoption of this Resolution constitutes the levy of
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Packet Pg. 679 Attachment: Resolution to Amend Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) [Revision 3] (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main 4 the assessments for fiscal year 2008-09 and for subsequent fiscal years as shown in the Engineer’s Report. As shown in the Engineer’s Report, the assessments for Festoon Lights Operation and Maintenance and Sidewalk Cleaning shall be collected annually until the City Council determines that the assessments are no longer necessary. Notwithstanding the above, prior to July 31, 2008, the Assessment Engineer shall determine if any updates to the Assessment roll are
required, and shall modify the assessment roll accordingly.
Such modified assessment roll, if any, shall then govern the amount of the assessments for fiscal year 2008-09 and any subsequent fiscal years.
SECTION 2. Section 8 of Resolution Number 10325 (CCS) is amended as follows:
Section 8. The City Clerk is hereby authorized and
directed to file a certified copy of this Resolution and the assessment roll with the County Auditor of the County of Los Angeles. Thereupon, the County Auditor shall enter on the County roll the assessments for fiscal year 2008-09, and all subsequent fiscal years as shown in the Engineer’s Report, and said the assessments for Festoon Lights Operation and Maintenance and Sidewalk Cleaning shall be collected
annually at the same time and in the same manner as
County taxes are collected.
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Packet Pg. 680 Attachment: Resolution to Amend Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) [Revision 3] (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main 5 SECTION 3. This Resolution shall take effect immediately.
SECTION 4. Except as modified by this Resolution, all other terms and conditions of Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) shall remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 5. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution, and thenceforth and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_________________________
Douglas Sloan, City Attorney
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Packet Pg. 681 Attachment: Resolution to Amend Resolution No. 10325 (CCS) [Revision 3] (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Engineer's Report
for the
Main Street Business Area
Festoon Lighting and
Sidewalk Cleaning
Assessment District
(Fiscal Year 2008-09)
Prepared under the provisions of the
Benefit Assessment Act of 1982
For the
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
Los Angeles County, California
Prepared by:
April 23, 2008
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Packet Pg. 682 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page i q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
ENGINEER'S REPORT
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT FISCAL YEAR 2008-09
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report ............................................................................................................................1 Part A - Plans and Specifications ............................................................................3 Part B - Estimate of Cost .........................................................................................4 Part C - Method of Apportionment..........................................................................5 Part D – Assessment Diagram ...............................................................................10 Part E - Assessment Roll .......................................................................................14
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Packet Pg. 683 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 1 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
FISCAL YEAR 2008-09
ENGINEER'S REPORT
PREPARED PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE
BENEFIT ASSESSMENT ACT OF 1982
ARTICLE 4, CHAPTER 6.4
OF THE CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE
Pursuant to Part 1, Division 2 of Title 5 of the Government of the State of California, and in accordance with the Resolution of Initiation adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Monica, State of California, in connection with the proceedings for:
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT Hereinafter referred to as the "Assessment District" or "District", I, Joan E. Cox, P.E., the authorized representative of Harris & Associates, the duly appointed ASSESSMENT ENGINEER, submit herewith the "Report" consisting of five (5) parts as follows:
PART A
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for the existing and ultimate improvements are as set forth on the lists thereof, attached hereto, and are on file in the Housing and Economic Development Department and are incorporated herein by reference.
PART B
ESTIMATE OF COST
The estimated cost to be funded by the District for the operation, servicing and maintenance of the improvements for fiscal year 2008-09, including incidental costs and expenses in connection therewith.
PART C
METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT
The method of apportionment of assessments indicates the proposed assessment of the net amount of the costs and expenses of the maintenance and/or servicing of the existing and ultimate improvements to be assessed upon the several lots and parcels of land within the Assessment District in proportion to the estimated special benefits to be received by such lots and parcels.
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Packet Pg. 684 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 2 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc PART D
ASSESSMENT DIAGRAM
The Assessment Diagram, which shows the exterior boundaries of the Assessment District, the boundaries of any zones within the Assessment District and the lines and dimensions of each lot or parcel of land within the Assessment District, is provided herein.
The lines and dimensions of each lot or parcel within the Assessment District are those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles for the fiscal year to which this Report applies. The Assessor's maps and records are incorporated by reference herein and made part of this Report.
PART E
ASSESSMENT ROLL
An assessment of the estimated cost of the improvements on each benefited lot or parcel of land within the Assessment District is provided herein.
The undersigned respectfully submits the enclosed report as directed by the City Council. The undersigned certifies that she is a Professional Engineer, registered in the State of California.
DATED: April 23, 2008
Harris & Associates
BY: Joan E. Cox, P.E.
R.C.E. No. 41965
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Packet Pg. 685 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 3 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc PART A
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF IMPROVEMENTS
FOR THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA
MAIN STREET BUSINESS AREA
FESTOON LIGHTING AND SIDEWALK CLEANING ASSESSMENT DISTRICT FISCAL YEAR 2008-09
The facilities, which have been constructed within the Main Street Business Area of the City of Santa Monica, and those which may be subsequently constructed, will be serviced and maintained as generally described as follows:
Festoon Lighting
Overall bulb replacement (initial year) and on-going operation and maintenance.
Improvements include but are not limited to: fixtures, bulbs, conductors, equipment including guys, anchors, metering devices, controllers and appurtenant facilities as required to provide festoon lighting in Main Street, from Pico Boulevard to south of Marine Street within the boundaries of said Assessment District.
Maintenance means the furnishing of services and materials for the ordinary and usual operation, maintenance and servicing of the festoon lighting improvements or appurtenant.
Operating and servicing means the furnishing of electric energy for the festoon lighting improvements or appurtenant facilities, the operation of controllers and the administration of all aspects of the maintenance and the District.
Sidewalk Cleaning
Steam cleaning of the sidewalks 10-times per year (in addition to the City’s standard twice a year cleaning) and once a month spot cleaning.
Improvements include but are not limited to: sidewalks, curb and gutter, curb ramps and appurtenant facilities in public rights-of-way within the boundaries of said Assessment District.
Maintenance means the furnishing of services and materials for the cleaning and servicing of the sidewalk improvements or appurtenant facilities including steam cleaning.
Operating and servicing means the administration of all aspects of the maintenance and the District.
The plans and specifications for the improvements, showing the general nature, location and the extent of the improvements, are on file in the Housing and Economic Development Department and are by reference herein made a part of this report.
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Packet Pg. 686 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 4 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc PART B
ESTIMATE OF COST
The City's budget for the operation, maintenance and servicing of festoon lighting and sidewalk cleaning, shown below, details the estimated costs for Fiscal Year 2008-09 as available at the time of preparation of this report. The incidental expenses may include engineering fees, legal fees, printing, mailing, postage, publishing, and all other related costs identified with the district proceedings Funds raised by the assessment shall be used only for the purpose as stated herein. A contribution to the District by the City may be made to reduce assessments or maintenance may be deferred to reduce the overall annual cost, which in turn would reduce the assessment, as the City Council deems appropriate annually.
Any balance or deficit remaining on July 1 must be carried over to the next fiscal year.
Estimated
Annual
Improvements Budget
Festoon Lighting Bulb Replacement
Est. Replacement Costs $110,000
City Administration and Contingency (20%) $22,000
$132,000
Est. Annual Cost
5 years @ 7% interest $32,193
Annual Administration (10%) $3,219
Year 1 of 5: $35,412
Festoon Lights O&M
Electricity $17,000
Maintenance $6,000
$23,000
Annual Administration (10%) $2,300
Replacement Reserve (20%) $4,600
$29,900
Sidewalk Cleaning $21,200
Annual Administration (10%) $2,120
$23,320
Total Est. Annual Budget $88,632
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Packet Pg. 687 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 5 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc PART C
METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT
Introduction
The Benefit Assessment Act of 1982 (hereinafter referred to as the "1982 Act") permits the establishment of assessment districts by cities for the purpose of providing certain public improvements which include the maintenance and operation costs of streets and street lighting services.
“Streets” as defined herein is based on the definitions provided by the Office of the Controller for the State of California in the Guidelines Relating to Gas Tax Expenditures published by the Division of Local Government Fiscal Affairs. The state’s gas tax program is administered in city agencies, but audited by the Office of the State Controller. The proceeds of the gas tax are statutorily limited to expenditures for streets and roads. Because the funds are restricted to street and road costs, the State Controller has developed “Street Purpose Definitions and Guidelines” based on the Manual of Uniform Highway Accounting and Financial Management Procedures developed by the American Association of State Highway Officials. “Streets”, as it relates to this District, is defined as the operation or maintenance of facilities within the right-of-way used for street or road purposes.
The 1982 Act requires that maintenance assessments be levied according to benefit. Section 54711 provides that the "amount of the assessment imposed on any parcel of property shall be related to the benefit to the parcel which will be derived from the provision of the service”. Additionally, Section 54715(c) of the 1982 Act permits the designation of zones of benefit within any individual assessment district "on a parcel, class of improvement to property, or use of property basis, or a combination thereof". Thus, the 1982 Act requires the levy of a true "assessment" rather than a "special tax." In addition, Proposition 218, which added Article XIIID to the California Constitution, requires that a parcel’s assessment may not exceed the reasonable cost for the proportional special benefit conferred on that parcel. Article XIIID provides that only special benefits are assessable and the City must separate the general benefits from the special benefits. It also requires that publicly owned properties which benefit from the improvements be assessed.
This report establishes the formula to be used to distribute the costs of providing the services described in this report to the benefiting parcels within the City.
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Packet Pg. 688 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 6 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc Benefit Analysis
A. Festoon Lights along Main Street
Special Benefits. The Festoon Lights along Main Street are in addition to the streetlights already in place. Therefore, these lights provide enhancement of the existing lighting.
The Festoon Lights provide additional community character and vitality to the properties along Main Street, in that they:
Promote social interaction,
Promote business and industry,
Contribute to a positive nighttime visual image, and
Enhance pedestrian safety
Therefore, all properties along Main Street receive direct and special benefit from the additional community character and vitality provided by the Festoon Lighting.
There are a variety of land uses within the benefiting area, including residential and commercial uses, mixed residential and commercial uses, institutional uses (such as church, library and museum), parking lots and access ways, and parks. Different land uses benefit differently from the additional lighting.
Commercial properties are considered to benefit from all four aspects of the additional community character and vitality; therefore, they receive a benefit factor of 1. Mixed use parcels, with commercial on the bottom floors and residential on the top floors, are considered to benefit the same as commercial properties; therefore, they also receive a benefit factor of 1.
Institutional properties, such as libraries, museums and community gardens, are considered to benefit from the promotion of social interaction and the enhancement of pedestrian safety, which are two of the four aspects; therefore, they receive a benefit factor of one-half (0.5). Park properties are essentially vacant properties but are used for social interaction. Therefore, park properties are considered to benefit from the promotion of social interaction and from enhanced pedestrian safety; therefore, they also receive a benefit factor of one-half (0.5). Residential properties are not considered to receive significant benefits from the additional lighting except for enhanced pedestrian safety; therefore, these properties receive a benefit factor of one-fourth (0.25).
Parking lots and access ways, which serve the properties around them, are essentially vacant land uses. As such, they do not benefit from most of the additional community character and vitality aspects; however, they do benefit from enhanced pedestrian safety, as their primary function is getting people to and from the surrounding properties; therefore, these properties receive a benefit factor of one-fourth (0.25).
Public properties are assessed the same as private properties.
General Benefit. No general benefits from the improvements are considered to exist. General benefits, if any, to the surrounding community and public in general from festoon lighting are nominal, intangible and are not quantifiable.
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Packet Pg. 689 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 7 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc B. Sidewalk Cleaning
Special Benefit. Steam cleaning of the sidewalks removes dirt and debris from the sidewalks being cleaned. This creates a cleaner environment adjacent to properties and provides a service that property owners are usually responsible for. Therefore, Sidewalk Cleaning is considered a direct and special benefit to those properties directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned.
For condominium properties of multiple stories, such as the condominium parcels at the southeast corner of Main and Marine, the benefit is considered to the bottom floor parcels that are on the same level as the cleaned sidewalk.
General Benefit. No general benefits from the improvements are considered to exist. General benefits, if any, to the surrounding community and public in general from sidewalk cleaning are nominal, intangible and are not quantifiable.
Apportionment Methodology
A. Festoon Lights along Main Street
The costs to install and operate the Festoon Lights along Main Street are spread to the properties adjacent to Main Street based on the area of the property, in acres, multiplied by the appropriate Benefit Factor. (Acreage is calculated by dividing the property square feet (sf) by 43,560 sf per acre.)
Parcel size is used as the base unit of lighting benefit because the benefits of community character and vitality goes to how much a property is used versus how much a property fronts the lights.
The more a property is used, the more it benefits from the additional lighting.
Street frontage along Main Street was not used because of the inconsistency of depths and parcel shapes within this area. An example of this is three parcels in this area, each with 50 feet of frontage along Main Street, but with varying parcel areas of 5,000 sf, 3,970 sf, and 1,940 sf.
Therefore, street frontage was not considered to be a fair indicator of benefit for lighting.
The formula for calculating the Benefit Acres for each property is:
(Parcel Acres) x (Benefit Factor) = Benefit Acres
B. Sidewalk Cleaning
The costs for the Sidewalk Cleaning are spread to the parcels directly adjacent to the sidewalks being cleaned based on the linear feet (LF) of frontage being cleaned, Frontage is considered an appropriate because sidewalk cleaning is considered to be a service that that property owners are usually responsible for. Therefore, each property is assessed based on the amount of frontage directly adjacent to the property.
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Packet Pg. 690 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 8 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc Assessment Rate Calculation
The table below provides the assessment apportionment for the areas of benefit and shows the maximum annual assessment rate for FY 2008-09.
FY 2008-09 Maximum
Estimated FY 2008-09
Improvements Budget / Asmt Units = Asmt Rate*
Festoon Lights Bulb Replacement
(assessed for 5 years only) $35,412 / 17.293 Benefit Acres = $2,047.82 / Benefit Acre Festoon Lighting O & M $29,900 / 17.293 Benefit Acres = $1,729.07 / Benefit Acre Sidewalk Cleaning $23,320 / 14,814.96 Linear Feet = $1.58 / LF * The maximum annual maintenance assessment rates (for festoon lighting O & M and sidewalk cleaning) will be increased each subsequent Fiscal Year by the annual change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), during the preceding year, for All Urban Consumers, for the Los Angeles, Riverside and Orange County areas, published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (or a reasonably equivalent index should the stated index be discontinued).
The actual assessments levied in any fiscal year will be as approved by the City Council and may not exceed the maximum assessment rate without receiving property owner approval for the increase.
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Packet Pg. 691 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 9 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc PART D
ASSESSMENT DIAGRAM
The Assessment Diagrams, showing the exterior boundaries of the each Zone within the District, are provided on the following pages.
The lines and dimensions of each lot or parcel within the District are those lines and dimensions shown on the maps of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles for the fiscal year to which this report applies. The Assessor's maps and records are incorporated by reference herein and made part of this report.
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Packet Pg. 692 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 10 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 693 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 11 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 694 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 12 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 695 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 13 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc
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Packet Pg. 696 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 14 q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc PART E
ASSESSMENT ROLL
The total proposed assessment for Fiscal Year 2008-09 and the amount of the total proposed assessment apportioned to each lot or parcel within the District, as shown on the latest assessment roll at the Los Angeles County Assessor's Office, are provided on the following pages.
The description of each lot or parcel is part of the records of the Assessor of the County of Los Angeles and these records are, by reference, made part of this Report.
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Packet Pg. 697 Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street BIA Lighting/Cleaning Assessments) City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 15q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = d + e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09 Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt144 PICO BLVD 1 4289020004 Commercial 0.386 1.00 0.386 $790.46 $667.42 120.00 140.00 260.00 $410.80 $1,868.68 1918 MAIN ST 2 4289020005 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 $423.90 $357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $876.62 145 BAY ST 3 4289020006 Mixed Use 0.414 1.00 0.414 $847.80 $715.83 120.00 150.00 270.00 $426.60 $1,990.23 1901 MAIN ST 4 4289019024 Commercial 0.240 1.00 0.240 $491.48 $414.98 45.00 120.00 165.00 $260.70 $1,167.16 1907 MAIN ST 5 4289019025 Parking/Access 0.232 0.25 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 84.00 0.00 84.00 $132.72 $351.78 1913 MAIN ST 6 4289019005 Parking/Access 0.116 0.25 0.029 $59.39 $50.14 42.00 0.00 42.00 $66.36 $175.89 211 BAY ST 7 4289019006 Commercial 0.240 1.00 0.240 $491.48 $414.98 87.00 120.00 207.00 $327.06 $1,233.52 2000 MAIN ST 8 4289020021 Mixed Use 1.170 1.00 1.170 $2,395.95 $2,023.01 301.60 338.70 640.30 $1,011.67 $5,430.63 2003 MAIN ST 9 4289018001 Commercial 0.276 1.00 0.276 $565.20 $477.22 120.00 100.00 220.00 $347.60 $1,390.02 2015 MAIN ST 10 4289018003 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 $423.90 $357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $876.62 2021 MAIN ST 11 4289018054 Mixed Use 0.413 1.00 0.413 $845.75 $714.11 120.48 150.16 270.64 $427.61 $1,987.47 2104 MAIN ST 12 4289021011 Commercial 0.069 1.00 0.069 $141.30 $119.31 60.00 50.00 110.00 $173.80 $434.41 2110 MAIN ST 13 4289021012 Commercial 0.207 1.00 0.207 $423.90 $357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $876.62 2116 MAIN ST 14 4289021013 Mixed Use 0.206 1.00 0.206 $421.85 $356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $872.84 2150 MAIN ST 15 4289021902 Park 0.413 0.50 0.207 $422.87 $357.05 120.00 150.00 270.00 $426.60 $1,206.52 2101 MAIN ST 16 4289017001 Commercial 0.110 1.00 0.110 $225.26 $190.20 120.00 40.00 160.00 $252.80 $668.26 2113 MAIN ST 17 4289017005 Commercial 0.206 1.00 0.206 $421.85 $356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $872.84 2115 MAIN ST 18 4289017006 Parking/Access 0.138 0.25 0.035 $70.65 $59.65 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $225.10 201 PACIFIC ST 19 4289017007 Commercial 0.138 1.00 0.138 $282.60 $238.61 60.00 100.00 160.00 $252.80 $774.01 2200 MAIN ST 20 4289022054 Mixed Use 0.088 1.00 0.088 $180.21 $152.16 60.00 63.93 123.93 $195.81 $528.18 2210 MAIN ST 21 4289022018 Commercial 0.119 1.00 0.119 $243.69 $205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $512.65 2216 MAIN ST 22 4289022017 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 $245.74 $207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $516.43 2218 MAIN ST 23 4289022016 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 $245.74 $207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $516.43 2222 MAIN ST 24 4289022015 Mixed Use 0.060 1.00 0.060 $122.87 $103.74 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $289.81 2224 MAIN ST 25 4289022013 Mixed Use 0.119 1.00 0.119 $243.69 $205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $512.65 2230 MAIN ST 26 4289022012 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 40.00 62.50 102.50 $161.95 $381.01 214 PACIFIC ST 27 4289016029 Mixed Use 0.413 1.00 0.413 $845.75 $714.11 60.00 150.00 210.00 $331.80 $1,891.66 2215 MAIN ST 28 4289016003 Commercial 0.206 1.00 0.206 $421.85 $356.19 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $817.54 2219 MAIN ST 29 4289016025 Commercial 0.413 1.00 0.413 $845.75 $714.11 120.00 150.00 270.00 $426.60 $1,986.46 2303 NEILSON WAY 30 4289023905 Institutional 0.751 0.50 0.376 $768.96 $649.27 223.53 290.13 513.66 $811.58 $2,229.81 2301 MAIN ST 31 4289015023 Commercial 0.129 1.00 0.129 $264.17 $223.05 48.00 116.30 164.30 $259.59 $746.81 2307 MAIN ST 32 4289015022 Commercial 0.133 1.00 0.133 $272.36 $229.97 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $581.33 2311 MAIN ST 33 4289015038 Parking/Access 0.385 0.25 0.096 $197.10 $166.42 44.00 0.00 44.00 $69.52 $433.04 2311 MAIN ST 34 4289015020 Parking/Access 0.016 0.25 0.004 $8.19 $6.92 6.00 0.00 6.00 $9.48 $24.59 2311 MAIN ST 35 4289015037 Parking/Access 0.142 0.25 0.036 $72.70 $61.38 53.29 0.00 53.29 $84.20 $218.28 2321 MAIN ST 36 4289015024 Commercial 0.083 1.00 0.083 $169.97 $143.51 50.50 0.00 50.50 $79.79 $393.27 2327 MAIN ST 37 4289015031 Commercial 0.120 1.00 0.120 $245.74 $207.49 79.00 61.50 140.50 $221.99 $675.22 2400 MAIN ST 38 4288015034 Commercial 0.326 1.00 0.326 $667.59 $563.68 231.23 47.39 278.62 $440.22 $1,671.49 2435 NEILSON WAY 39 4288015901 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 0.00 136.21 136.21 $215.21 $215.21 2420 MAIN ST 40 4288015004 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 $79.86 $67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $186.79 2428 MAIN ST 41 4288015005 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2434 MAIN ST 42 4288015006 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2430 MAIN ST 43 4288015007 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59
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Packet Pg. 698
Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 16q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = d + e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09 Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt2430 MAIN ST 44 4288015008 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2434 MAIN ST 45 4288015009 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2440 MAIN ST 46 4288015010 Commercial 0.044 1.00 0.044 $90.10 $76.08 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $245.18 2444 MAIN ST 47 4288015035 Commercial 0.078 1.00 0.078 $159.73 $134.87 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $373.60 2450 MAIN ST 48 4288015014 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2502 MAIN ST 49 4288014001 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 $79.86 $67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $186.79 2510 MAIN ST 50 4288014002 Commercial 0.039 1.00 0.039 $79.86 $67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $186.79 2510 MAIN ST 51 4288014003 Commercial 0.041 1.00 0.041 $83.96 $70.89 26.09 0.00 26.09 $41.22 $196.07 2510 MAIN ST 52 4288014004 Commercial 0.021 1.00 0.021 $43.00 $36.31 23.91 0.00 23.91 $37.78 $117.09 2510 MAIN ST 53 4288014005 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2510 MAIN ST 54 4288014006 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2518 MAIN ST 55 4288014007 Mixed Use 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2522 MAIN ST 56 4288014035 Commercial 0.197 1.00 0.197 $403.42 $340.63 125.00 0.00 125.00 $197.50 $941.55 181 OCEAN PARK BLVD 57 4288014034 Commercial 0.161 1.00 0.161 $329.70 $278.38 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $766.08 2401 MAIN ST 58 4288001039 Commercial 0.075 1.00 0.075 $153.59 $129.68 32.50 100.00 132.50 $209.35 $492.62 2403 MAIN ST 59 4288001040 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2407 MAIN ST 60 4288001019 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $258.56 2409 MAIN ST 61 4288001020 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $258.56 2411 MAIN ST 62 4288001021 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $513.34 2420 2ND ST 63 4288001042 Commercial 1.149 1.00 1.149 $2,352.95 $1,986.70 250.00 0.00 250.00 $395.00 $4,734.65 2503 MAIN ST 64 4288001026 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2507 MAIN ST 65 4288001028 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $513.34 2515 MAIN ST 66 4288001035 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $1,022.91 205 NORMAN PL 67 4288001036 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 100.00 200.00 $316.00 $1,180.91 2520 2ND ST 68 4288001900 Commercial - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 100.00 100.00 $158.00 $158.00 2601 MAIN ST 69 4288002902 Institutional 0.226 0.50 0.113 $231.40 $195.38 50.00 400.00 450.00 $711.00 $1,137.78 2612 MAIN ST 70 4288013904 Institutional 0.106 0.50 0.053 $108.53 $91.64 68.30 68.80 137.10 $216.62 $416.79 2625 NEILSON WAY 71 4288013905 Commercial - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 100.00 100.00 $158.00 $158.00 2640 MAIN ST 72 4288013900 Institutional 0.180 0.50 0.090 $184.30 $155.62 200.00 0.00 200.00 $316.00 $655.92 2612 MAIN ST 73 4288012900 Institutional 0.090 0.50 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $327.96 2654 MAIN ST 74 4288012001 Commercial 0.181 1.00 0.181 $370.66 $312.96 200.00 39.50 239.50 $378.41 $1,062.03 2654 MAIN ST 75 4288012002 Commercial - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 30.01 30.01 $47.42 $47.42 2675 NEILSON WAY 76 4288012902 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 80.00 80.00 $126.40 $126.40 2615 MAIN ST 77 4288002021 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 100.00 150.00 $237.00 $667.56 2619 MAIN ST 78 4288002022 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2625 MAIN ST 79 4288002045 Mixed Use 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $513.34 2627 MAIN ST 80 4288002025 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $509.56 2631 MAIN ST 81 4288002026 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2633 MAIN ST 82 4288002027 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2637 MAIN ST 83 4288002036 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $1,022.91 2651 MAIN ST 84 4288002032 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $513.34 2653 MAIN ST 85 4288002033 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2665 MAIN ST 86 4288002044 Commercial 0.287 1.00 0.287 $587.72 $496.24 125.00 0.00 125.00 $197.50 $1,281.46
5.I.d
Packet Pg. 699
Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 17q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = d + e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09 Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt2663 MAIN ST 87 4288002035 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 100.00 150.00 $237.00 $671.34 2702 MAIN ST 88 4288011016 Commercial 0.091 1.00 0.091 $186.35 $157.35 50.00 79.40 129.40 $204.45 $548.15 150 HILL ST 89 4288011901 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 25.00 25.00 $39.50 $39.50 2725 NEILSON WAY 90 4288011900 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 72.70 72.70 $114.87 $114.87 2708 MAIN ST 91 4288011009 Commercial 0.046 1.00 0.046 $94.20 $79.54 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $213.24 2710 MAIN ST 92 4288011002 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2712 MAIN ST 93 4288011003 Commercial 0.023 1.00 0.023 $47.10 $39.77 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $126.37 2716 MAIN ST 94 4288011004 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $248.96 2720 MAIN ST 95 4288011005 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $248.96 2724 MAIN ST 96 4288011006 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $248.96 2732 MAIN ST 97 4288011007 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2736 MAIN ST 98 4288010001 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2802 MAIN ST 99 4288010015 Commercial 0.067 1.00 0.067 $137.20 $115.85 75.00 0.00 75.00 $118.50 $371.55 2804 MAIN ST 100 4288010005 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $248.96 2810 MAIN ST 101 4288010006 Commercial 0.089 1.00 0.089 $182.26 $153.89 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $494.15 2826 MAIN ST 102 4288010007 Commercial 0.067 1.00 0.067 $137.20 $115.85 75.00 38.51 113.51 $179.35 $432.40 2826 MAIN ST 103 4288010014 Commercial - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 40.34 40.34 $63.74 $63.74 151 ASHLAND AVE 104 4288010901 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 25.21 25.21 $39.83 $39.83 2825 NEILSON WAY 105 4288010900 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 65.55 65.55 $103.57 $103.57 2701 MAIN ST 106 4288003043 Commercial 0.172 1.00 0.172 $352.23 $297.40 75.00 100.00 175.00 $276.50 $926.13 2709 MAIN ST 107 4288003042 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2711 MAIN ST 108 4288003041 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2713 MAIN ST 109 4288003040 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2719 MAIN ST 110 4288003045 Commercial 0.230 1.00 0.230 $471.00 $397.69 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $1,026.69 2727 MAIN ST 111 4288003035 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2727 MAIN ST 112 4288003034 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2727 MAIN ST 113 4288003033 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2801 MAIN ST 114 4288003032 Mixed Use 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2803 MAIN ST 115 4288003048 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $509.56 2807 MAIN ST 116 4288003029 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2817 MAIN ST 117 4288003028 Parking/Access 0.057 0.25 0.014 $29.18 $24.64 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $93.32 2817 MAIN ST 118 4288003027 Parking/Access 0.057 0.25 0.014 $29.18 $24.64 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $93.32 2817 MAIN ST 119 4288003026 Parking/Access 0.057 0.25 0.014 $29.18 $24.64 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $93.32 2817 MAIN ST 120 4288003044 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $513.34 2821 MAIN ST 121 4288003023 Commercial 0.172 1.00 0.172 $352.23 $297.40 75.00 100.00 175.00 $276.50 $926.13 2900 MAIN ST 122 4288009008 Commercial 0.066 1.00 0.066 $135.16 $114.12 75.00 38.43 113.43 $179.22 $428.50 2900 MAIN ST 123 4288009001 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 40.67 40.67 $64.26 $64.26 150 ASHLAND AVE 124 4288009901 Parking/Access 0.106 0.25 0.027 $54.27 $45.82 50.42 50.42 100.84 $159.33 $259.42 2911 NEILSON WAY 125 4288009900 Parking/Access 0.286 0.25 0.072 $146.42 $123.63 131.10 131.10 262.20 $414.28 $684.33 2910 MAIN ST 126 4288009009 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $122.59 2912 MAIN ST 127 4288009013 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $209.46 2914 MAIN ST 128 4288009014 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $209.46 2916 MAIN ST 129 4288009012 Commercial 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 38.18 63.18 $99.82 $182.91
5.I.d
Packet Pg. 700
Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City of Santa Monica – Main Street Business Area April 23, 2008 Festoon Lighting and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment District – FY 2008-09 Page 18q:\santa monica\msbia 82 act\reports\sta monica msbia lights sdwk ad rpt 23apr08.doc a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = d + e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Map Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 08-09 Property Address No. Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt2916 MAIN ST 130 4288009007 Commercial 0.023 1.00 0.023 $47.10 $39.77 40.00 40.00 80.00 $126.40 $213.27 2924 MAIN ST 131 4288008009 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 78.11 103.11 $162.91 $332.87 177 PIER AVE 132 4288008008 Commercial - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 180.08 180.08 $284.53 $284.53 2926 MAIN ST 133 4288008004 Commercial 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $209.46 2934 MAIN ST 134 4288008005 Commercial 0.135 1.00 0.135 $276.46 $233.42 75.00 0.00 75.00 $118.50 $628.38 2942 MAIN ST 135 4288008007 Commercial 0.126 1.00 0.126 $258.03 $217.86 70.09 78.01 148.10 $234.00 $709.89 2901 MAIN ST 136 4288004028 Commercial 0.113 1.00 0.113 $231.40 $195.38 50.00 100.00 150.00 $237.00 $663.78 2905 MAIN ST 137 4288004024 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2909 MAIN ST 138 4288004023 Commercial 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $1,022.91 2919 MAIN ST 139 4288004022 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $513.34 2923 MAIN ST 140 4288004021 Commercial 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $254.79 2925 MAIN ST 141 4288004020 Commercial 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $258.56 2929 MAIN ST 142 4288004019 Commercial 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $509.56 2939 MAIN ST 143 4288004018 Commercial 0.056 1.00 0.056 $114.68 $96.83 24.50 0.00 24.50 $38.71 $250.22 2937 MAIN ST 144 4288004017 Commercial 0.059 1.00 0.059 $120.82 $102.02 25.50 0.00 25.50 $40.29 $263.13 2941 MAIN ST 145 4288004027 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $473.84 2943 MAIN ST 146 4288004026 Commercial 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 25.00 200.00 225.00 $355.50 $789.84 3002 MAIN ST 147 4288007009 Commercial 0.145 1.00 0.145 $296.93 $250.72 79.79 77.76 157.55 $248.93 $796.58 170 PIER AVE 148 4288007011 Parking/Access - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 47.00 47.00 $74.26 $74.26 170 PIER AVE 149 4288007001 Commercial - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 85.00 85.00 $134.30 $134.30 3008 MAIN ST 150 4288007006 Commercial 0.062 1.00 0.062 $126.96 $107.20 35.00 0.00 35.00 $55.30 $289.46 3016 MAIN ST 151 4288007007 Parking/Access 0.138 0.25 0.035 $70.65 $59.65 75.00 77.46 152.46 $240.89 $371.19 3005 MAIN ST 152 4288005015 Apartment 0.737 0.25 0.184 $377.31 $318.58 161.00 400.00 561.00 $886.38 $1,582.27 3100 MAIN ST 153 4288006015 Commercial 0.442 1.00 0.442 $905.14 $764.25 125.37 167.40 292.77 $462.58 $2,131.97 212 MARINE ST 154 4288005017 Com-Condo 0.101 1.00 0.101 $206.38 $174.26 154.68 38.29 192.97 $304.89 $685.53 212 MARINE ST 155 4288005018 Com-Condo - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 46.50 46.50 $73.47 $73.47 212 MARINE ST 156 4288005019 Com-Condo - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 49.23 49.23 $77.78 $77.78 212 MARINE ST 157 4288005020 Com-Condo - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 50.60 50.60 $79.95 $79.95
20.026 17.293 $35,412.00 $29,900.09 8,498.88 6,316.08 14,814.96 $23,407.65 $88,719.74
5.I.d
Packet Pg. 701
Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business AreaData Submission Parcel List
Notes:
[1] Bldg Area used for com. condo
[2] frontage adjacent to com. condos
7/18/2019
a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 19-20 Property Address Count Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt Notes Owner1a 1918 MAIN ST 1 4289020005 COM 0.207 1.00 0.207 $423.90 $357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $452.72 1918 MAIN STREET ASSOCAITES LLC 2003 MAIN ST 2 4289018001 COM 0.276 1.00 0.276 $565.20 $477.22 120.00 100.00 220.00 $347.60 $824.82 2001 MAIN STREET LLC2401 MAIN ST 3 4288001039 COM 0.075 1.00 0.075 $153.59 $129.68 32.50 100.00 132.50 $209.35 $339.03 2401 MAIN ST PARTNERS AND2403 MAIN ST 4 4288001040 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 2401 MAIN ST PARTNERS AND2625 MAIN ST 5 4288002045 MIXED 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $277.84 2625 MAIN LLC2627 MAIN ST 6 4288002025 COM 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $276.11 2627 MAIN LLC2631 MAIN ST 7 4288002026 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 2633 MAIN LLC2633 MAIN ST 8 4288002027 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 2633 MAIN LLC2637 MAIN ST 9 4288002036 COM 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $553.96 2637 45 MAIN LLC2803 MAIN ST 10 4288003048 COM 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $276.11 2803 MAIN STREET LLC2929 MAIN ST 11 4288004019 COM 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $276.11 2929 2935 MAIN STREET LLC2926 MAIN ST 12 4288008004 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $117.31 2928 MAIN STREET LLC AND212 MARINE ST 13 4288005019 COM-CNDO - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 49.23 49.23 $77.78 $77.78 [2] 3101 MAIN STREET212 MARINE ST 14 4288005020 COM-CNDO - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 50.60 50.60 $79.95 $79.95 [2] 3101 MAIN STREET2219 MAIN ST 15 4289016025 COM 0.413 1.00 0.413 $845.75 $714.11 120.00 150.00 270.00 $426.60 $1,140.71 ADKINS,ALTHEAH T TR201 PACIFIC ST 16 4289017007 COM 0.138 1.00 0.138 $282.60 $238.61 60.00 100.00 160.00 $252.80 $491.41 AJANI,AMIN AND AMYNAH1901 MAIN ST 17 4289019024 COM 0.240 1.00 0.240 $491.48 $414.98 45.00 120.00 165.00 $260.70 $675.68 AMDA LLC2654 MAIN ST 18 4288012001 COM 0.181 1.00 0.181 $370.66 $312.96 200.00 39.50 239.50 $378.41 $691.37 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL2654 MAIN ST 19 4288012002 COM - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 30.01 30.01 $47.42 $47.42 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL2941 MAIN ST 20 4288004027 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $238.34 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL EQUITIES2943 MAIN ST 21 4288004026 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 25.00 200.00 225.00 $355.50 $554.34 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL EQUITIES2730 MAIN ST 22 4288011017 COM 0.067 1.00 0.067 $137.20 $115.85 75.00 0.00 75.00 $118.50 $234.35 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL EQUITIES TWO2301 MAIN ST 23 4289015023 COM 0.129 1.00 0.129 $264.17 $223.05 48.00 116.30 164.30 $259.59 $482.64 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES I2307 MAIN ST 24 4289015022 COM 0.133 1.00 0.133 $272.36 $229.97 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $308.97 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES I2000 MAIN ST 25 4289020021 MIXED 1.170 1.00 1.170 $2,395.95 $2,023.01 301.60 338.70 640.30 $1,011.67 $3,034.68 ARCHSTONE SMITH OPERATING TRUST2021 MAIN ST 26 4289018054 MIXED 0.413 1.00 0.413 $845.75 $714.11 120.48 150.16 270.64 $427.61 $1,141.72 ARCHSTONE SMITH OPERATING TRUST2708 MAIN ST 27 4288011009 COM 0.046 1.00 0.046 $94.20 $79.54 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $119.04 ARGYROPOULOS,JAMES P TR2712 MAIN ST 28 4288011003 COM 0.023 1.00 0.023 $47.10 $39.77 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $79.27 ARGYROPOULOS,JAMES P TR 2801 MAIN ST 29 4288003032 MIXED 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 ARGYROPOULOS,JAMES P TR2210 MAIN ST 30 4289022018 COM 0.119 1.00 0.119 $243.69 $205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $268.96 AVIVA GROUP LLC2615 MAIN ST 31 4288002021 COM 0.114 1.00 0.114 $233.45 $197.11 50.00 100.00 150.00 $237.00 $434.11 BOLGER MARK TR2619 MAIN ST 32 4288002022 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 BOLGER,MARK TR181 OCEAN PARK BLVD 33 4288014034 COM 0.161 1.00 0.161 $329.70 $278.38 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $436.38 BRETTLER,EVA TR2810 MAIN ST 34 4288010006 COM 0.089 1.00 0.089 $182.26 $153.89 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $311.89 BRIGGS,WILLIAM B TR2522 MAIN ST 35 4288014035 COM 0.197 1.00 0.197 $403.42 $340.63 125.00 0.00 125.00 $197.50 $538.13 BUTEYN,DALE AND JEROME S2651 MAIN ST 36 4288002032 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $277.84 CALHOUN,JEAN B2653 MAIN ST 37 4288002033 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 CALHOUN,JEAN B2720 MAIN ST 38 4288011005 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $156.81 CAMPBELL JACQUELYN TR2224 MAIN ST 39 4289022013 MIXED 0.119 1.00 0.119 $243.69 $205.76 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $268.96 CAPLAN,STAN AND SUZANNE2909 MAIN ST 40 4288004023 COM 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $553.96 CHICHA,PHILIPPE AND2919 MAIN ST 41 4288004022 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $277.84 CHICHA,PHILIPPE AND2939 MAIN ST 42 4288004018 COM 0.056 1.00 0.056 $114.68 $96.83 24.50 0.00 24.50 $38.71 $135.54 CHICHA,PHILLIPE AND2937 MAIN ST 43 4288004017 COM 0.059 1.00 0.059 $120.82 $102.02 25.50 0.00 25.50 $40.29 $142.31 CHICHA,PHILLIPE AND2719 MAIN ST 44 4288003045 COM 0.230 1.00 0.230 $471.00 $397.69 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $555.69 CHINOIS ON MAIN LTD2101 MAIN ST 45 4289017001 COM 0.110 1.00 0.110 $225.26 $190.20 120.00 40.00 160.00 $252.80 $443.00 CLAYTON,JAMES E ET AL2663 MAIN ST 46 4288002035 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 100.00 150.00 $237.00 $435.84 COC REAL ESTATE LLC170 PIER AVE 47 4288007011 PRKG - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 47.00 47.00 $74.26 $74.26 access? COC REAL ESTATE LLC170 PIER AVE 48 4288007001 COM - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 85.00 85.00 $134.30 $134.30 COC REAL ESTATE LLC3008 MAIN ST 49 4288007006 COM 0.062 1.00 0.062 $126.96 $107.20 35.00 0.00 35.00 $55.30 $162.50 COC REAL ESTATE LLC3016 MAIN ST 50 4288007007 PRKG 0.138 0.25 0.035 $70.65 $59.65 75.00 77.46 152.46 $240.89 $300.54 COC REAL ESTATE LLC F:\EconomicDevelopment\Main Street LT-SDWK Assessment District\2019-20 (Year 12)\Main St Assessment District Worksheets FY 2019 LF = Linear Feet -20 252.52 COM = commercial COM-CNDO = commercial condo
INST = institutional MIXED = commercial and residential MFR = multi-family residential PRKG = parking and access
5.I.d
Packet Pg. 702
Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business AreaData Submission Parcel List
Notes:
[1] Bldg Area used for com. condo
[2] frontage adjacent to com. condos
7/18/2019
a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 19-20 Property Address Count Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt Notes Owner1a 2311 MAIN ST 51 4289015038 PRKG 0.385 0.25 0.096 $197.10 $166.42 44.00 0.00 44.00 $69.52 $235.94 CORP OF THE PRESIDING BISHOP OF2311 MAIN ST 52 4289015020 PRKG 0.016 0.25 0.004 $8.19 $6.92 6.00 0.00 6.00 $9.48 $16.40 CORP OF THE PRESIDING BISHOP OF2311 MAIN ST 53 4289015037 PRKG 0.142 0.25 0.036 $72.70 $61.38 53.29 0.00 53.29 $84.20 $145.58 CORP OF THE PRESIDING BISHOP OF2900 MAIN ST 54 4288009008 COM 0.066 1.00 0.066 $135.16 $114.12 75.00 38.43 113.43 $179.22 $293.34 DEMIRCIFT,STEVE AND ARYET TRS2900 MAIN ST 55 4288009001 PRKG - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 40.67 40.67 $64.26 $64.26 DEMIRCIFT,STEVE AND ARYET TRS2910 MAIN ST 56 4288009009 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 DEMIRCIFT,STEVE AND ARYET TRS205 NORMAN PL 57 4288001036 COM 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 100.00 200.00 $316.00 $711.96 DI MAIO,FERDINANDO J CO TR2444 MAIN ST 58 4288015035 COM 0.078 1.00 0.078 $159.73 $134.87 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $213.87 DIEBENKORN,PHYLLIS G TR2450 MAIN ST 59 4288015014 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 DIEBENKORN,PHYLLIS G TR2924 MAIN ST 60 4288008009 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 78.11 103.11 $162.91 $240.72 ET MAIN LLC2925 MAIN ST 61 4288004020 COM 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $139.79 FELDMAN,JORDON CO-TR2420 2ND ST 62 4288001042 COM 1.149 1.00 1.149 $2,352.95 $1,986.70 250.00 0.00 250.00 $395.00 $2,381.70 FIELDMOUSE PARTNERSHIP2510 MAIN ST 63 4288014002 COM 0.039 1.00 0.039 $79.86 $67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $106.93 FIONDELLA,ALICE CO TR2510 MAIN ST 64 4288014003 COM 0.041 1.00 0.041 $83.96 $70.89 26.09 0.00 26.09 $41.22 $112.11 FIONDELLA,ALICE CO TR2510 MAIN ST 65 4288014004 COM 0.021 1.00 0.021 $43.00 $36.31 23.91 0.00 23.91 $37.78 $74.09 FIONDELLA,ALICE CO TR2510 MAIN ST 66 4288014005 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 FIONDELLA,ALICE CO TR2510 MAIN ST 67 4288014006 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 FIONDELLA,ALICE CO TR3005 MAIN ST 68 4288005015 MFR 0.737 0.25 0.184 $377.31 $318.58 161.00 400.00 561.00 $886.38 $1,204.96 FLINKMAN,RUTH E TR2116 MAIN ST 69 4289021013 MIXED 0.206 1.00 0.206 $421.85 $356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $450.99 FURR,NORMAN AND SANDRA TRS2702 MAIN ST 70 4288011016 COM 0.091 1.00 0.091 $186.35 $157.35 50.00 79.40 129.40 $204.45 $361.80 GILLILAND,GERALDINE TR2502 MAIN ST 71 4288014001 COM 0.039 1.00 0.039 $79.86 $67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $106.93 HAGOSKI,MARGARET J TR2507 MAIN ST 72 4288001028 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $277.84 HALL,JOHN F TR144 PICO BLVD 73 4289020004 COM 0.386 1.00 0.386 $790.46 $667.42 120.00 140.00 260.00 $410.80 $1,078.22 HANKEY INVESTMENT CO L P1907 MAIN ST 74 4289019025 PRKG 0.232 0.25 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 84.00 0.00 84.00 $132.72 $233.01 HANKEY INVESTMENT CO L P1913 MAIN ST 75 4289019005 PRKG 0.116 0.25 0.029 $59.39 $50.14 42.00 0.00 42.00 $66.36 $116.50 HANKEY INVESTMENT CO L P2104 MAIN ST 76 4289021011 COM 0.069 1.00 0.069 $141.30 $119.31 60.00 50.00 110.00 $173.80 $293.11 HERRERA,ISIDRO F2934 MAIN ST 77 4288008005 COM 0.135 1.00 0.135 $276.46 $233.42 75.00 0.00 75.00 $118.50 $351.92 HG AMERICAN COMMERCIAL2411 MAIN ST 78 4288001021 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $277.84 HIMMELSTEIN,MARCIA J2321 MAIN ST 79 4289015024 COM 0.083 1.00 0.083 $169.97 $143.51 50.50 0.00 50.50 $79.79 $223.30 HUMFREVILLE,WILLIAM M2428 MAIN ST 80 4288015005 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 JARVIS,DAVID D2503 MAIN ST 81 4288001026 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 JEFFRIES,MARY H TR 2420 MAIN ST 82 4288015004 COM 0.039 1.00 0.039 $79.86 $67.43 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $106.93 KIGER,MARK2916 MAIN ST 83 4288009012 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 38.18 63.18 $99.82 $137.86 KINNEY STREET LTD LLC2916 MAIN ST 84 4288009007 COM 0.023 1.00 0.023 $47.10 $39.77 40.00 40.00 80.00 $126.40 $166.17 KINNEY STREET LTD LLC211 BAY ST 85 4289019006 COM 0.240 1.00 0.240 $491.48 $414.98 87.00 120.00 207.00 $327.06 $742.04 KOTLARSKY,MOSHE B CO TR2701 MAIN ST 86 4288003043 COM 0.172 1.00 0.172 $352.23 $297.40 75.00 100.00 175.00 $276.50 $573.90 LAMBERT,WILLIAM S AND LENORE TRS2709 MAIN ST 87 4288003042 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 LAZAROFF,BARBARA E CO TR ET AL2713 MAIN ST 88 4288003040 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 LEONARD,BOBI A TR2901 MAIN ST 89 4288004028 COM 0.113 1.00 0.113 $231.40 $195.38 50.00 100.00 150.00 $237.00 $432.38 LEVIN,ROSE AND2905 MAIN ST 90 4288004024 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 LEVIN,ROSE AND177 PIER AVE 91 4288008008 COM - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 180.08 180.08 $284.53 $284.53 LIBERTY FISH PARTNERS2218 MAIN ST 92 4289022016 COM 0.120 1.00 0.120 $245.74 $207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $270.69 MAIN STREET CORRIDOR LLC2727 MAIN ST 93 4288003035 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP2727 MAIN ST 94 4288003034 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP2727 MAIN ST 95 4288003033 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP145 BAY ST 96 4289020006 MIXED 0.414 1.00 0.414 $847.80 $715.83 120.00 150.00 270.00 $426.60 $1,142.43 MEHRA,NARESH ET AL2817 MAIN ST 97 4288003028 PRKG 0.057 0.25 0.014 $29.18 $24.64 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $64.14 MERICOS REAL ESTATE CO INC2817 MAIN ST 98 4288003027 PRKG 0.057 0.25 0.014 $29.18 $24.64 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $64.14 MERICOS REAL ESTATE CO INC2817 MAIN ST 99 4288003044 COM 0.115 1.00 0.115 $235.50 $198.84 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $277.84 MERICOS REAL ESTATE CO INC2821 MAIN ST 100 4288003023 COM 0.172 1.00 0.172 $352.23 $297.40 75.00 100.00 175.00 $276.50 $573.90 MERICOS REAL ESTATE CO INC2807 MAIN ST 101 4288003029 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 MERICOS THREE LLC2817 MAIN ST 102 4288003026 PRKG 0.057 0.25 0.014 $29.18 $24.64 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $64.14 MERICOS TOO LLC F:\EconomicDevelopment\Main Street LT-SDWK Assessment District\2019-20 (Year 12)\Main St Assessment District Worksheets FY 2019 LF = Linear Feet -20 252.52 COM = commercial COM-CNDO = commercial condo
INST = institutional MIXED = commercial and residential MFR = multi-family residential PRKG = parking and access
5.I.d
Packet Pg. 703
Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City of Santa Monica
Main Street Business AreaData Submission Parcel List
Notes:
[1] Bldg Area used for com. condo
[2] frontage adjacent to com. condos
7/18/2019
a b c = a x b d e f g h = f + g i k = e + i
Festoon Festoon Festoon Festoon Total
Festoon Lighting Lighting Light Bulb Lighting Sidewalk Sidewalk Total Maximum Assessor's Land Lighting Benefit Benefit Replacem't O&M Main St Side-St Sidewalk Sidewalk FY 19-20 Property Address Count Parcel No. Use Acres Factor Acres Asmt Asmt LF LF LF Asmt Asmt Notes Owner1a 2804 MAIN ST 103 4288010005 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $156.81 NAIMI,KAMRAN CO TR2110 MAIN ST 104 4289021012 COM 0.207 1.00 0.207 $423.90 $357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $452.72 NEO FACTO2942 MAIN ST 105 4288008007 COM 0.126 1.00 0.126 $258.03 $217.86 70.09 78.01 148.10 $234.00 $451.86 OLLESTAD,NORMAN T III AND2912 MAIN ST 106 4288009013 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $117.31 OVERSTREET,EMILY214 PACIFIC ST 107 4289016029 MIXED 0.413 1.00 0.413 $845.75 $714.11 60.00 150.00 210.00 $331.80 $1,045.91 PACIFIC COURT LTD PTNSHP2802 MAIN ST 108 4288010015 COM 0.067 1.00 0.067 $137.20 $115.85 75.00 0.00 75.00 $118.50 $234.35 PACIFIC OCEAN PROPERTIES LLC2440 MAIN ST 109 4288015010 COM 0.044 1.00 0.044 $90.10 $76.08 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $155.08 PADELFORD,ANITA F TR2914 MAIN ST 110 4288009014 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $117.31 PEPIN,RICHARD CO TR ET AL2400 MAIN ST 111 4288015034 COM 0.326 1.00 0.326 $667.59 $563.68 231.23 47.39 278.62 $440.22 $1,003.90 PERLOFF,BERNARD TR2434 MAIN ST 112 4288015006 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 PERLOFF,BERNARD TR2430 MAIN ST 113 4288015007 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 PERLOFF,BERNARD TR2430 MAIN ST 114 4288015008 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 PERLOFF,BERNARD TR2434 MAIN ST 115 4288015009 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 PERLOFF,BERNARD TR2215 MAIN ST 116 4289016003 COM 0.206 1.00 0.206 $421.85 $356.19 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $395.69 PRECISION ELECTRONIC COIL MFG CO2665 MAIN ST 117 4288002044 COM 0.287 1.00 0.287 $587.72 $496.24 125.00 0.00 125.00 $197.50 $693.74 PRICE,HELEN H TR ET AL2222 MAIN ST 118 4289022015 MIXED 0.060 1.00 0.060 $122.87 $103.74 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $166.94 REITER,SCOTT D2736 MAIN ST 119 4288010001 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 ROGGE,WALTER J AND VICKI TRS212 MARINE ST 120 4288005017 COM-CNDO 0.101 1.00 0.101 $206.38 $174.26 154.68 38.29 192.97 $304.89 $479.15 [1][2] SAILHOUSE LLC212 MARINE ST 121 4288005018 COM-CNDO - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 46.50 46.50 $73.47 $73.47 [2] SAILHOUSE LLC2515 MAIN ST 122 4288001035 COM 0.229 1.00 0.229 $468.95 $395.96 100.00 0.00 100.00 $158.00 $553.96 SALLEE,RALPH L CO TR3002 MAIN ST 123 4288007009 COM 0.145 1.00 0.145 $296.93 $250.72 79.79 77.76 157.55 $248.93 $499.65 SANTA MONICA PIER STREET LIMITED2015 MAIN ST 124 4289018003 COM 0.207 1.00 0.207 $423.90 $357.92 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $452.72 SAPORITO,JAMES CO TR2407 MAIN ST 125 4288001019 COM 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $139.79 SCHEFFER,DAVID AND3100 MAIN ST 126 4288006015 COM 0.442 1.00 0.442 $905.14 $764.25 125.37 167.40 292.77 $462.58 $1,226.83 SMCA MAIN STREET PLAZA LLC2200 MAIN ST 127 4289022054 MIXED 0.088 1.00 0.088 $180.21 $152.16 60.00 63.93 123.93 $195.81 $347.97 SNYDER,RUTH TR2826 MAIN ST 128 4288010007 COM 0.067 1.00 0.067 $137.20 $115.85 75.00 38.51 113.51 $179.35 $295.20 SYME,JOYCE A AND2826 MAIN ST 129 4288010014 COM - 0.00 - $0.00 $0.00 - 40.34 40.34 $63.74 $63.74 SYME,JOYCE A AND2113 MAIN ST 130 4289017005 COM 0.206 1.00 0.206 $421.85 $356.19 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $450.99 THE MAIN STREET LAW BUILDING2115 MAIN ST 131 4289017006 PRKG 0.138 0.25 0.035 $70.65 $59.65 60.00 0.00 60.00 $94.80 $154.45 Prking THE MAIN STREET LAW BUILDING2327 MAIN ST 132 4289015031 COM 0.120 1.00 0.120 $245.74 $207.49 79.00 61.50 140.50 $221.99 $429.48 URTH CAFFE ASSOCIATES III LLC2230 MAIN ST 133 4289022012 COM 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 40.00 62.50 102.50 $161.95 $262.24 WALKER,CLYDE V AND KATHERINE TRS2409 MAIN ST 134 4288001020 COM 0.058 1.00 0.058 $118.77 $100.29 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $139.79 WATANABE,MASATO2518 MAIN ST 135 4288014007 MIXED 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 WEBSTER,ROGER AND JEAN MARIE TRS2711 MAIN ST 136 4288003041 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 WEBSTER,ROGER CO TR2216 MAIN ST 137 4289022017 COM 0.120 1.00 0.120 $245.74 $207.49 40.00 0.00 40.00 $63.20 $270.69 WESTERN URBAN VENTURES LLC2710 MAIN ST 138 4288011002 COM 0.022 1.00 0.022 $45.05 $38.04 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $77.54 WESTSIDE PROPERTIES 2 LLC2716 MAIN ST 139 4288011004 COM 0.045 1.00 0.045 $92.15 $77.81 50.00 0.00 50.00 $79.00 $156.81 WESTSIDE PROPERTIES 2 LLC2923 MAIN ST 140 4288004021 COM 0.057 1.00 0.057 $116.73 $98.56 25.00 0.00 25.00 $39.50 $138.06 WHITE,WILLIAM T TR
17.868 16.312 $28,203.87 7,555.53 4,620.96 12,176.49 $19,238.86 $47,442.73 F:\EconomicDevelopment\Main Street LT-SDWK Assessment District\2019-20 (Year 12)\Main St Assessment District Worksheets FY 2019 LF = Linear Feet -20 252.52 COM = commercial COM-CNDO = commercial condo
INST = institutional MIXED = commercial and residential MFR = multi-family residential PRKG = parking and access
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Attachment: Engineer's Report (6332 : Adopt Resolution to Clarify Annual Authorization for Main Street City Council
Report
City Council Meeting: April 23, 2024
Agenda Item: 5.J
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To: Mayor and City Council
From: Rick Valte, Public Works Director, Public Works, Office of Sustainability & the Environment
Subject: Adoption of a Resolution Authorizing Climate Grant Applications by City Manager or Designee
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Adopt a finding of no possibility of significant effect pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) (Common Sense Exemption) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines; and
2. Adopt the attached Resolution authorizing the City Manager, or designee, to submit applications for grants and other incentive programs that support projects, programs, or objectives identified in the Council-adopted Climate Action and Adaptation Plan.
Summary
Adopted in 2019, the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP) lays out a comprehensive approach to achieve the City’s climate action and resiliency goals.
These goals allow us to enhance our resources, prevent harm to the natural environment and human health, and benefit the social and economic well-being of the community for the sake of current and future generations. The Inflation Reduction Act in 2022 increased funding from state and federal agencies as well as local utilities to support local governments working toward sustainability and climate action. To simplify the application and agreement process to seek these funds, staff recommends the adoption of the attached resolution. Modelled after similar resolutions adopted in other California cities, this resolution would serve as the singular resolution authorizing the City to apply for any funding related to sustainability and climate action.
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Discussion
The City’s Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (CAAP) sets aggressive timelines for achieving carbon neutrality, zero waste, and water self-sufficiency. The CAAP has a target of an 80% reduction in carbon emissions below 1990 levels by 2030, and carbon neutrality by 2050 or sooner. According to the 2022 greenhouse gas emissions inventory, the city has achieved a 48% reduction and needs to cut an additional 32% in the next six years. The two main sources of emissions are the building sector and the transportation sector. The CAAP also focuses on strengthening community resilience to the effects of climate change such as increased temperatures, droughts, and wildfires.
More funding opportunities are becoming available to help local governments work on climate solutions and increase community resilience. Utility companies, clean power providers, and state agencies are developing programs to fund projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect communities from the impacts of a changing climate. In recent years, the federal government has made unprecedented investments in climate solutions, so many new grant programs, incentive funds, and prizes are becoming available to local governments.
Many climate action and sustainability related funding opportunities are time-sensitive and highly competitive. The proposed resolution would enable staff to more aggressively and efficiently seek these funding opportunities. The resolution would serve as the singular resolution authorizing the City to apply for any funding related to sustainability and climate action. The City's cost of participation in the funding opportunity as a result of required match funding, if any, must be within the available budget of the participating Departments. If the resolution is approved, staff would still come to Council for any budget actions (e.g., establishing revenue budget or appropriating expenditure budget) and any procurement actions that meet the Council approval threshold. Staff would also keep Council apprised of climate-related grant applications through the City Manager.
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Other cities have taken steps to streamline the application and agreement process for climate funding opportunities. In 2022, the City of Santa Barbara adopted a blanket resolution authorizing the City to apply for grants and other incentive programs upon the recommendation of the City’s Sustainability and Resilience Director. Santa Barbara staff return to Council to appropriate new grant funds through the budget process or a separate Council item. The proposed resolution has been modelled after the resolution passed in Santa Barbara and currently in effect there.
Environmental Review
Adoption of the resolution would have no possibility of significant effect on the environment, and therefore, is exempt pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) (Common Sense Exemption) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines. The resolution would authorize grant-related applications and other administrative processes related to achieving CAAP objectives. If grant funding is awarded, the use of grant funding for projects that would have the potential for a physical effect on the environment would be subject to environmental review at the time they are proposed.
Past Council Actions
Meeting Date Description
05/28/19 (Attachment A) Adoption of the Climate Action & Adaptation Plan 03/14/23 (Attachment B) Adoption of the Sustainable City Plan update Financial Impacts and Budget Actions
There is no immediate financial impact or budget action necessary as a result of recommended action. Staff will return to Council if specific budget actions are required in the future. Specifically, if the City is awarded a grant arising from this streamlined application process, staff will return to Council to seek authorization to accept the grant and make the necessary budget adjustments.
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Prepared By: Elias Platte-Bermeo, Sustainability Analyst Approved Forwarded to Council
Attachments:
A. May 28, 2019 Staff Report (web link)
B. March 14, 2023 Staff Report (web link)
C. V2 Reso_Climate Grant Authorization A_CMO edit
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City Council Meeting April 23, 2024 Santa Monica, California RESOLUTION NUMBER _________ (CCS)
(City Council Series)
A RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA
AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, TO SUBMIT APPLICATIONS
FOR GRANTS AND OTHER INCENTIVES FOR COLLABORATION ON OR
PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS
WHEREAS, the City Council is committed to supporting a sustainable, clean, and safe environment and has adopted a Sustainable City Plan and Climate Action & Adaptation Plan with goals to address climate protection and energy and resource sustainability, resiliency, and adaptation; and
WHEREAS, the City Council desires to streamline participation of City Departments in incentive and other sustainability programs that support projects or objectives identified in the City’s Climate Action & Adaptation Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The City Council authorizes the City Manager, or designee, to submit applications for grants and other incentive programs related to sustainability, resiliency, climate protection, sustainable transportation, energy conservation, solid waste reduction, reuse, recycling, building electrification, or water self-sufficiency provided, sponsored, or authorized by a federal, state, or local government agency, public utility, or private or non-profit entity. The City's cost of participation in or partnership on the program, if any, must be within the available budgeted appropriations of the participating City Department or City Departments.
5.J.c
Packet Pg. 709 Attachment: V2 Reso_Climate Grant Authorization A_CMO edit [Revision 2] (6078 : Climate Grant Authorization) SECTION 2. The City Council appoints the City Manager, or designee, as the City’s agent to conduct all negotiations and execute and submit all documents, including, but not limited to, applications, contracts, amendments, payment requests, and compliance with all applicable current state and federal laws which may be necessary for acceptance and administration of the grant or incentive program.
SECTION 3. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution, and thenceforth and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_________________________
Douglas Sloan, City Attorney
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Packet Pg. 710 Attachment: V2 Reso_Climate Grant Authorization A_CMO edit [Revision 2] (6078 : Climate Grant Authorization) City Council
Report
City Council Meeting: April 23, 2024
Agenda Item: 8.A
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To: Mayor and City Council
From: David Martin, Director, Administration
Subject: Cannabis Social Equity Study Session
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Review and discuss the presentation on cannabis social equity programs from other cities;
2. Provide direction on two potential policy options for approach to a cannabis social equity program within the City of Santa Monica which will determine the expansiveness of a social equity program and timeline by which staff returns with an ordinance; and
3. Discuss options and provide direction to staff on locational restrictions for the adult-use cannabis ordinance.
Executive Summary
On June 13, 2023, City Council directed staff to prepare an ordinance to allow adult-use cannabis businesses within the City of Santa Monica. As part of that overall direction, Council also directed the creation of a process to allow two medicinal cannabis retailers to sell adult use cannabis and that a social equity component be included in the adultuse cannabis program to help ensure that communities most impacted by federal and state cannabis enforcement are provided an opportunity to benefit from the cannabis industry.
Subsequent to the June 2023 study session, staff initiated work on drafting the ordinance and conducted research of social equity programs in other cities in order to help inform Santa Monica’s program. This report outlines the purpose of equity studies in the context of cannabis, presents comparative research of how social equity has
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been introduced to cannabis programs in other cities, a summary of those programs, lessons learned from other cities, and presents two options for the framework of a potential social equity program. Council direction is necessary to determine how to structure a selection process and other components of an equity program, the level of impact the social equity component will have on equity applicants, the resources necessary for such a program, and the timeline by which staff can return with an ordinance. In drafting the ordinance, staff is also seeking further direction on locational restrictions.
On January 19, 2024, staff received notification that the City was successful in securing a $40,000 grant to fund a cannabis equity assessment. It is expected that the equity assessment will be completed by the end of 2024 and staff will return to Council to present the findings from the equity assessment and recommendations that will inform the cannabis equity program. The equity assessment could inform program eligibility including consideration of factors such as for income, geography, and prior arrest history. The equity assessment will also inform the components necessary to build an effective cannabis equity program, which could include but are not limited to priority application and licensing, employment, community reinvestment, and investment of future cannabis tax revenues.
The expanse and impact of cannabis equity programs vary greatly by jurisdiction and through a variety of factors. This report provides an overview of cannabis equity assessments and explains how they inform the creation of cannabis equity programs.
By providing a comparative analysis of equity programs from other jurisdictions and options for pursuing the City’s cannabis equity program, staff seeks Council feedback on what level of a cannabis equity program to pursue considering the available resources, time, and desired outcomes.
As staff continues efforts to draft an adult-use cannabis ordinance, further direction from Council is also needed with regards to defining locational restrictions, which could impact where cannabis businesses could locate and how many could potentially be located in Santa Monica.
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Discussion
Previous Council Direction
On June 13, 2023, the City Council received a presentation on key policy considerations for allowing adult-use cannabis businesses within the City of Santa Monica. The following summarizes Council’s discussion and direction on key policy questions:
1) Should consumer access to legal adult-use cannabis in Santa Monica be permitted, or should the City maintain the restriction of medicinal-only cannabis? • Council direction: Yes allow adult-use cannabis.
2) What types of cannabis uses should be allowed?
• Council direction: Allow all cannabis businesses including consumption lounges with a focus on ensuring that regulations safeguard public safety and minimize impacts to surrounding uses. Some concerns were expressed about cultivation. Understood that ordinance may initially authorize some businesses (e.g. retail and delivery) with other businesses (e.g. consumption lounges) to come at a later time due to need for further research.
3) Should the City set a limit to the number of retailers and other uses? • Council direction: No cap due to concerns about potential liabilities and increased competition. Direction to explore potential locational restrictions that would naturally result in limiting the total number of cannabis businesses without establishing a cap.
4) Should only the two selected medicinal cannabis retailers be allowed to expand into the adult-use market, or should the City allow new cannabis retailers? • Council direction: Yes, allow two selected medicinal cannabis retailers to sell adult-use cannabis and explore allowing additional retailers.
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5) Where in the City should cannabis uses be allowed to operate? • Council direction: Operate only in non-residential zones and apply State buffers for distance from sensitive uses.
6) Which land uses, if any, should be recognized as sensitive uses requiring a distance buffer from cannabis uses above and beyond state requirements? • Council direction: Use State buffers as baseline requirement and do not apply the City’s local requirements for medicinal cannabis businesses.
Council expressed concern about oversaturation and for staff to return with options for locational restrictions between cannabis businesses.
In addition to providing direction on the regulatory framework of a new adult-use cannabis ordinance, Council also directed staff to conduct a cannabis equity assessment and create a cannabis equity program to help ensure that the communities most impacted by federal and state cannabis enforcement policies are provided an opportunity to benefit from the cannabis industry.
In providing direction to conduct an equity assessment and create a cannabis equity program, some Councilmembers also expressed concern about a discretionary process and the potential legal and practical issues, based upon the experience of other cities.
Thus, some Councilmembers discussed the merits of a selection process but without a discretionary lens, such as a weighted lottery system. Councilmembers also expressed interest in including requirements for labor practices and diverse hiring.
Interim Zoning Ordinance Authorizing Medicinal Cannabis Retailers to Sell Adult-Use Cannabis
On November 14, 2023, Council adopted Interim Zoning Ordinance No. 2764 allowing the two approved medicinal cannabis retailers to also sell adult-use cannabis. On December 19, 2023, Council extended Interim Zoning Ordinance No. 2764 through
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adoption of Interim Zoning Ordnance No. 2770. As staff continues efforts to draft an Ordinance to allow for adult-use cannabis retail business and non-retail business types within the City and begins the process to conduct an equity assessment, further Council direction is required on the level and complexity of a cannabis equity program staff should pursue.
Cannabis Social Equity
Social equity in cannabis seeks to recognize the long-term negative impact that the criminalization of cannabis has had on minority communities resulting from the enforcement of federal and state laws related to cannabis use and possession.
Research from communities across the United States has consistently demonstrated the disproportionate enforcement of anti-drug laws for minority groups despite similar cannabis usage rates. In particular, African Americans have been negatively affected by higher rates of arrest and incarceration for cannabis-related activities.
The consequences of a criminal conviction and incarceration include the permanent loss of property, disqualification from employment opportunities, reduced earnings potential, exclusion from public benefits such as housing assistance or student financial aid, and other life-altering impacts. The goal of cannabis social equity is to go beyond simply providing equal access to opportunities by developing an intentional program that helps ensure that the communities most impacted by federal and state cannabis enforcement policies are provided an opportunity to benefit from the newly legalized industry.
Many cities and counties have sought to develop cannabis equity programs as a means for reducing barriers to entry into the commercial cannabis industry for communities and individuals most impacted by the war on drugs. For social equity programs to be meaningful, however, they must be based upon data to identify those communities within each jurisdiction that have historically been most adversely impacted.
For this reason, it is common for development of a cannabis equity program to be preceded by a detailed study or report that analyzes factors such as disproportionate
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contact by law enforcement, incarceration rates, or other metrics. Cannabis equity assessments are commonly conducted by local community foundations, universities, or other research organizations with significant outreach to local community members. The State of California through the Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) has historically provided annual funding to local jurisdictions to assist with development of cannabis equity studies (https://business.ca.gov/cannabisequity-grants-program-for-local-jurisdictions/).
Once the local jurisdiction has identified affected communities, there are numerous policy options for promoting equity. Equity in the cannabis context means providing affected communities opportunities for equitable ownership and employment opportunities in the cannabis industry, or in some cases a percentage of the profits from the sale of cannabis, in order to decrease disparities in life outcomes for historically marginalized communities.
Figure 1: Fully implementing social equity in cannabis requires providing specifically focused assistance to ensure that affected communities have equitable access to the cannabis industry
Policy options may include application criteria specific to equity applicants, fee waivers, business development assistance, workforce training, assistance with accessing startup capital, business mentorship, assistance with expunging cannabis-related criminal
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records, and utilizing cannabis tax revenues to fund community reinvestment.
Regardless of what benefits the City offers, it is important to recognize the challenges that other cities have faced in implementing local cannabis equity programs. These challenges can include manipulative behavior by non-qualifying individuals taking advantage of the program, sunk costs for applicants who are ultimately unable to obtain a license, and limited staff resources to develop and implement a comprehensive program.
In addition, there are unique barriers to entry into the cannabis market that make the push for equity in the industry particularly challenging relative to other business types.
These barriers include startup costs that can approach or exceed one million dollars, intense competition for a finite number of licenses, and limited availability of real estate within eligible zones of the city. Although significant, these challenges should not act as a deterrent to creating a cannabis equity program. They simply point to the need for policymakers to carefully think through the parameters of an equity program which starts with development of a cannabis equity assessment.
Cannabis Equity Grants Program for Local Jurisdictions
The State of California through GO-Biz has historically provided annual funding to local jurisdictions to assist with development of cannabis equity assessments.
City Planning Division staff, with support from the DEI team, applied for the Cannabis Equity Grants Program for Local Jurisdictions Type 1 Grant funding from GO-Biz to conduct a cannabis equity assessment for the City of Santa Monica. The grant was awarded on January 19, 2024, for the maximum amount of $40,000 to conduct the assessment. The funds will be allocated to consultant contract services and personnel reimbursement. The equity assessment will help document the historical criminalization of cannabis and its disproportionate impact on specific populations in Santa Monica.
The equity assessment will analyze both quantitative data including cannabis criminal arrest and demographic data along with qualitative data from surveys and community engagement to develop key findings and recommendations. Additional grant funding may be applied for in the future through this grant program to assist with preparing a
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cannabis equity program. The amount available for request varies each year based on available State funds.
Regardless of the level of a cannabis equity program that the City should choose to pursue as discussed below, a cannabis equity assessment will be conducted to inform the cannabis equity program.
Discussion
Review of Equity Programs of Other Jurisdictions
In order to understand how to structure a cannabis equity program and what elements might be included, staff researched programs from other cities and spoke to staff who have established and implemented those programs. The following table provides a high-level summary of how various cities approached their cannabis equity programs and the resources necessary to implement the program. More detailed descriptions of social equity programs from other jurisdictions are provided in Attachment A.
Table 1: Summary Comparison of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities Equity
Program**
Developed
at outset or
later
How long to
develop
ordinance
How long to
develop
equity
program
Dedicated
staff/office
for the
program
Type of
selection
process
Culver City No N/A ~1 year N/A N/A N/A
Long Beach Yes Later ~1 year ~2 years Yes RFP
Los Angeles Yes Later -- -- Yes Lottery
Oakland Yes Later ~2 years 3 months Yes
Nondispensary
on rolling
basis.
Dispensaries
through
lottery
Palm
Springs Yes Later ~1 year 9 months Yes
Began with
first come,
first served
but will likely
move to
lottery
San Diego Yes Later ~1 year In process Yes TBD
San
Francisco Yes Later ~1 year ~1 year Yes First come, first served
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Equity
Program**
Developed
at outset or
later
How long to
develop
ordinance
How long to
develop
equity
program
Dedicated
staff/office
for the
program
Type of
selection
process
West
Hollywood No N/A ~1 year N/A N/A N/A
• **Note: Of jurisdictions that had an equity program, all included standard best practices such as fee waivers and priority processing. This distinction informed the equity options being presented to Council for consideration.
In all cases, cities developed a selection process to ensure that equity applicants could be given priority. Some of the salient points in reviewing the adult-use cannabis program of other cities were the following:
• A selection process is crucial to ensure that the equity program most benefits equity applicants from affected communities,
• Subsequent to development of an initial equity program, cities have needed to continue to refine and evolve the program to ensure that it meets the needs of equity applicants, and
• Most cities have staff dedicated solely to administer the cannabis program and/or its equity component.
Lessons Learned
The following summarize the lessons learned from the comparative research of cannabis equity programs from other cities and a brief explanation of how they apply to the Santa Monica context:
Regulatory Lesson
1. Establish a limit (whether through cap or other means) to number of licenses for retail locations.
o Council directed that no cap be placed on the number of adult-use cannabis businesses. In most other jurisdictions that staff reviewed, programs that started with no controls on the number of businesses ended up grappling with an over concentration of businesses. This has made it a challenge to scale back the number of businesses after the fact and also
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limit the number of total applicants while trying to apply an equity component.
Process Lessons
2. Create a selection process that requires meeting minimum qualifications to be an equity applicant and then apply a selection process that could include a lotterybased system. o Council provided direction to explore a non-discretionary selection process. Once Council direction is received on the equity program, staff will return with the ordinance and options for a selection process given Council’s stated concerns about not having an excessively long selection process and concerns about legal liabilities.
3. If not developing an enhanced equity program, recommend setting aside a percentage of permits for equity businesses. Open applications to equity applicants before making it generally available.
o If an adult-use cannabis ordinance is developed without an equity component, it is likely that equity applicants will have additional challenges in finding available locations, which will affect their ability to participate in the cannabis industry. Cities that have created an equity component after development of the regulatory ordinance found they needed to create mechanisms to ensure that a share of equity licenses are exclusively for equity applicants. The range of possibilities include setting aside a percentage of licenses compared to some cities that are only accepting applications from equity applicants.
4. Keep the application process simple: Background checks and ownership structure transparency should always be required. Eligibility criteria should not be too broad for equity applicants.
o Equity applicants face many challenges to starting a business so any application process would need to be simple and easy to understand. The criteria to qualify as an equity applicant should also not be so onerous that it discourages broad participation. Lessons learned from other cities also
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emphasized that it should be required that equity applicants have at least 51% ownership in the cannabis business.
5. Develop informational tools such as an interactive GIS cannabis map so businesses can identify existing locations.
o Similar to informational business assistance tools that the City has already developed, this is an example of tools that the City would need to develop to help cannabis operators, including equity applicants learn and find information on the basics of how and where to start a business.
6. Sale of permits should either be prohibited or restrictions placed on their sale to ensure continuation of equity program.
o The sale of permits is an important future consideration after the development of a cannabis program and particularly in the context of an equity program. If the program’s goals include reserving some percentage of licenses for equity applicants then the sale of permits would necessarily need to be restricted in some way. However, this could mean that equity applicants potentially do not receive the full benefit of their investment if their licenses are valued differently in the market compared to non-equity licenses. This is a consideration that Council is not being asked to provide direction on at this time but is being highlighted as a component that will need further study.
Staffing Lesson
7. Create a dedicated cannabis department to ensure appropriate regulatory oversight and enforcement and provide necessary educational, technical, and business support to equity applicants.
o Even if cities created the cannabis program and equity component inhouse, all cities had staff dedicated solely to the cannabis program. Given the changing landscape of cannabis, additional staff or consultant support will be necessary to provide hands-on technical and educational assistance to equity applicants. Further, if public safety impacts of
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cannabis businesses are a concern, dedicated staff are necessary to ensure appropriate oversight of cannabis businesses.
Permitting Lessons
The following lessons are related to permitting and will be considered by staff in the development of the adult-use cannabis ordinance.
8. Although equity applicants may be allowed in more desirable areas of the city, there may be pushback from non-equity operators.
9. Explore possibilities to not give businesses a vested right to run with the land for cannabis uses.
o Conferring vested rights that run with the land for cannabis uses means that it would not allow future adjustment of operations if the City evolves the cannabis program. The City may want to explore options regarding this to allow flexibility in how the program is implemented.
10.Understand the nuances of the different cannabis operations for each permit type to have a successful program.
Equity Framework Options
Based on the comparative research of other cities and lessons learned, staff developed two policy options for the framework of a cannabis equity program – a Standard Equity option and an Enhanced Equity option. The Standard Equity option would result in a shorter timeframe to develop compared to the Enhanced Equity option and would utilize best practices and elements from equity programs in other jurisdictions. Cities that have more of a Standard Equity program include Palm Springs. Cities that have more of an Enhanced Equity program include Long Beach, San Francisco, Oakland, and Los Angeles. The differences in potential costs, staffing resources, and processes required are also highlighted in the table. The “Ordinance Only” column represents the process and timeline if only an adult-use cannabis ordinance is pursued without an equity program – this is in line with the programs in West Hollywood and Culver City. This column is only presented as a baseline for comparison with the Standard Equity and Enhanced Equity options.
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Council’s direction on which equity option to pursue would impact the timeline by which an ordinance and regulations would be available and thus, the timeline by which additional adult-use cannabis retailers could open in the city and resulting future tax revenues.
Based largely on available existing staff and financial resources, staff recommends that an adult-use cannabis ordinance be developed in concert with a Standard Equity option.
This would allow the development of an ordinance that could build in some equity components, would initially include an administrative selection process and would not require additional staffing.
Table 2: Outline of Framework Options for Cannabis Equity Program
ORDINANCE
ONLY
STANDARD EQUITY
(Recommended
Option)
ENHANCED EQUITY
EQUITY
PROGRAM
Adult-use
cannabis
ordinance only
No equity program
Adult-use cannabis
ordinance
Equity program derived
from best general
practices and examples
from other cities informed
by Santa Monica equity
assessment
Adult-use cannabis
ordinance
Equity program with
tailored components
created from
comprehensive Santa
Monica-specific equity
assessment findings
TIMELINE Approx. 12
months
By December
2024
Approx. 12 -18 months
By June 2025
Approx. 24 months and
ongoing
By December 2025 for
initial components but will
require ongoing support
due to likelihood of direct
and technical assistance
EQUITY
ASSESSMENT
Conducted Conducted Conducted
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ORDINANCE
ONLY
STANDARD EQUITY
(Recommended
Option)
ENHANCED EQUITY
COST/
FUNDING
(Can vary
further
depending on
number of
businesses
and level of
oversight
needed)
Approx. $40K for
assessment
Funded by State
Go-Biz Grant –
Type 1
Approx. $40K for
assessment
Funded by State Go-Biz
Grant –Type 1
Approx. $40K for
assessment
Funded by State Go-Biz
Grant – Type 1
• Additional cost for
consultant to develop
enhanced equity program
• Apply for ongoing State
Go-Biz Type 2 grant
funding and future
budget actions by Council
to continue to support
equity program as
necessary
ANTICIPATED
STAFFING
NEEDED
Existing Planning
staff
Existing staff
development of equity
program
Additional
interdepartmental staff
and/or contract staff for
ongoing management of
cannabis program
1 to 2 Full-time staff
dedicated to cannabis
program oversight and
equity applicants.
Depends on number of
cannabis businesses and
desired level of regulatory
oversight
PROCESS Based on zoning
regulations
(First come first
served)
Administrative
Non-selection process
(lottery, first come first
served, etc.)
Discretionary
Selection process (RFP,
etc.)
POTENTIAL
PROGRAM
ELEMENTS
(for
illustrative
purposes
only)
None • Application criteria
specific to equity
applicants
• Fee waivers
• Expedited application
review
• Reduced or eliminate
buffer requirements
• Business development
assistance/mentorship
• Workforce training
• Assistance with accessing
startup capital
• Assistance with
expunging cannabisrelated criminal records
• Utilizing cannabis tax
revenues to fund
community reinvestment
Selection Process
Cities have taken a variety of approaches to the selection and permitting process for cannabis businesses should the community cap the number of outlets in the jurisdiction.
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Application processes may be tailored to provide merit-based ranking or a lottery where appropriate for awarding a specified number of permits, or to provide a quality assurance standard for those business types where there is no such limit. The process may include specific evaluation criteria to ensure that applicants have addressed all requirements before being allowed to move forward to the permitting process. The application process can be designed to accommodate a variety of selection methods:
• Merit based: Applicants are ranked according to their score. Top-ranked applicants are selected to move forward to the permitting process, consistent with the number of permits available.
• Equity: Priority is given to individuals who qualify for the cannabis equity program, as defined by the equity assessment.
• Lottery: All applications scoring above a minimum baseline are entered into a drawing from which applications will be selected at random, consistent with the number of permits available. Those applications selected will be allowed to move forward to the permitting process.
• First come / first served: Applications are reviewed and scored in the order they are received. All applications scoring above a minimum baseline will be allowed to move forward to the permitting process, until the maximum number of permits available has been reached.
Determining the most appropriate process depends upon the number of permits available and the anticipated demand for those permits. Upon Council direction on the framework of the cannabis equity program, staff would develop the regulatory ordinance and then develop the application process.
Locational Zoning Considerations
The State of California’s requirements state that cannabis businesses cannot be located within 600 feet of a “sensitive use”, defined as a school, day care center, or youth center. Local jurisdictions have the authority to increase or decrease the buffer distances and/or expand the definition of “sensitive use”. Prior Council direction was to
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use the State’s buffers from sensitive uses resulting in 426 eligible parcels where cannabis businesses could locate (see Map 1).
Map 1 – Eligible Parcels where Cannabis Businesses could Locate Based on Councildirected 600-foot buffer from Sensitive Uses (State of California baseline requirement) In the June 2023 study session, Council also expressed concern about oversaturation of cannabis businesses and thus directed staff to explore other mechanisms to place a buffer between operators such as a distance or a per-block limit. There is precedent in the zoning ordinance to place locational restrictions on particular land uses such as a limit on the number of restaurants per block (e.g. on Main Street) and also a minimum distance between similar uses (e.g. neighborhood stores in residential areas).
The following table and maps illustrate the potential result of implementing options for distance between operators with an estimate of how many total operators would result
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citywide. The small buffer (i.e. 300 feet between businesses) would mean that there would potentially be more cannabis businesses in the city than would be allowed under the large buffer (i.e. 900 feet).
It is important to note the maps that are the basis for these rough estimates are based on hypothetical locations of potential future cannabis businesses on eligible parcels.
Eligible parcels were determined by setting a 600-foot buffer from sensitive uses per the State of California requirements and as directed by Council. These rough estimates are only for the purpose of informing Council’s policy decision and include the two existing approved locations where medicinal cannabis operators have been authorized to sell adult-use cannabis through an Interim Zoning Ordinance but otherwise do not represent any pending applications.
Table 1: Rough Estimate of Possible Total Number of Operators Based on Possible Options for Distance Between Cannabis Businesses assuming not more than 1 per block
Small
(300’ Buffer)
Medium
(600’ Buffer)
Large
(900’ Buffer)
Potential Maximum Number
of Cannabis Businesses 62 38 29
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Map 2 – Rough Estimation of Highest Potential Number of Operators Citywide Assuming Small 300’ buffer between Cannabis Businesses
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Map 3 – Rough Estimation of Highest Potential Number of Operators Citywide Assuming Medium 600’ buffer between Cannabis Businesses
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Map 4 – Rough Estimation of Highest Potential Number of Operators Citywide Assuming Large 900’ buffer between Cannabis Businesses
Council should provide direction on the following key policy questions regarding additional locational restrictions for cannabis businesses:
1. Should there be an additional buffer around particular sensitive uses in the City?
2. For distances between operators, would Council prefer a small (300’), medium (600’), or large (900’) buffer?
3. In addition to a distance between operators, should there be an additional restriction that states that in no case should there be more than 1 cannabis business per block?
Next Steps
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The following are next steps in the development of the adult-use cannabis program with anticipated timelines for staff to return with an ordinance:
• May – December 2024 - Hire consultant and conduct equity assessment • By December 2024 - Develop cannabis ordinance and administrative guidelines.
Apply for additional Cannabis Equity Grants (Type 1) funding to assist in the development of a cannabis equity program
• Develop cannabis equity program – timeline will depend on Council direction • December 2024/January 2025 – Apply for next round of Cannabis Equity Grants Program (Type 1) for creation of equity program that could also include direct assistance to cannabis businesses
Past Council Actions
Meeting Date Description
06/13/23 (Attachment
B)
Adult-Use Cannabis Study Session
10/24/23 (Attachment
C)
Interim Zoning Ordinance (IZO) authorizing medicinal
cannabis retailers to sell adult use cannabis
Environmental Review
No environmental review under CEQA is required at this time since the purpose of this study session is to receive Council direction and comments. No actions are being undertaken that will result in direct or indirect physical changes in the environment.
Financial Impacts and Budget Actions
There is no immediate financial impact or budget request as a result of the recommended action today. Staff will return to Council if specific budget actions are required in the future.
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Prepared By: Tony Kim, Principal Planner
Approved Forwarded to Council
Attachments:
A. Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities B. City Council June 13, 2023 - Adult Use Cannabis Study Session (Web Link) C. City Council October 24, 2023 - IZO (Web Link)
D. Written Comments
E. PowerPoint Presentation
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Attachment A
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs
From Other Cities
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Packet Pg. 733 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
LONG BEACH
Equity Program
• Prepared by City staff in the Office of Equity
• Timeline: Approx. 2 years
• Components
• Fee Waivers
• Reduction of location requirements (i.e. buffers between businesses) • Expedited application and facility plan check review
• Direct technical assistance Business development support ($350K grant/equity applicant)
• Access to application workshops
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 2
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Packet Pg. 734 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
LONG BEACH
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employees – overseen by Office of Cannabis
Oversight (includes 10 staff) housed in the City
Manager’s Department
• Outreach
• Met with community stakeholder organizations
and groups
• Process
• Applications accepted during application
window, chosen by lottery
• No cap on number of licenses except for
dispensaries
• Dispensaries are capped based on population (32
– all converted from medical) and later added
additional permits for equity applicants (8)
awarded through RFP process.
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by City staff
• Timeline: completed before ordinance was
adopted and took approx. 1 year
• Assessment Components
• Eligibility criteria
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 3
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Packet Pg. 735 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
CITY OF LOS ANGELES
Equity Program
• Lottery selection process for verified social equity applicants through eligibility criteria (lottery administered by third party firm)
• City online assistance/learning portal with online courses, digital resources, educational events
• Direct financial assistance through grants and fee waivers/deferrals • Pro/low bono legal services for social equity applicants who have passed a pre-application stage
• Outside vendors provide targeted programming to social equity entrepreneurs (licensing requirements, commercial regulations, business/workforce development, technology education)
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 4
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Packet Pg. 736 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
CITY OF LOS ANGELES
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Allows for retail, delivery, cultivation,
manufacturing, testing, and distribution
uses
• License caps on certain uses, including
retail, by Community Plan Area based on
population
• New applications for retail uses currently
only being accepted for social equity
applicants until January 1, 2025
• Retail uses must be a minimum 700’ from
sensitive uses and other retailers
• Cultivation, manufacturing, testing, and
distribution uses must be a minimum 600’
from schools
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by consultant in 2017
• Timeline: Approx. 4 months
• Components
• Cannabis use and arrest data
• Study of penalties and disadvantages of
nonviolent drug convictions
• Public workshop
• Recommended program components including
workforce requirement, technical assistance
program, investment program/fund,
waived/deferred fees, expungement of past
cannabis criminal records, streamlined
permitting, provisional licensing, social equity
program coordinator, education/outreach
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 5
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Packet Pg. 737 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
OAKLAND
Equity Program
• Developed by city staff
• Timeline: 3 Months. Developed concurrently with Equity Analysis • Outreach
• Hold ongoing monthly meetings in collaboration with a local equity group for equity applicants • Components
• Phased licensing - At least 4 of the 8 dispensary permits are reserved each year for equity applicants per calendar year
• Equity Incubators – General applicants that provide free rent or real estate to equity applicants are prioritized for next round of permits.
• Operators may apply for a permit and receive conditional approval prior to leasing or purchasing a space.
• Drug offenses excluded from background checks
• Reduced licensing fees
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 6
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Packet Pg. 738 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
OAKLAND
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 2 years
• Staffing & Resources
• City employees – overseen by Economic &
Workforce Development Department, Special
Activity Permits Division
• Outreach
• Stakeholder community meetings and online
survey
• Process
• Business permit and dispensary permit
• Dispensaries require a public hearing
• Onsite consumption permit may be granted to
dispensaries in good standing following a public
hearing and evaluative point system
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by City staff
• Timeline: Approx. 3 months
• Assessment Components
• Enforcement history
• Identification of disproportionately affected
communities
• Disparities within cannabis industry
• Revisions to medical cannabis ordinance
• Challenges
• Have a history of large illicit market
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 7
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Packet Pg. 739 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
PALM SPRINGS
Equity Program
• Prepared by City Staff with assistance from consultant • Timeline: Started with 3 month pilot program based on other cities, went back and spent 6 months redeveloping/expanding
• Components:
• Tax cuts (50%)
• Technical assistance ($350K grant/equity applicant)
• Fee Waivers (i.e. application review and plan check fees) • Expedited processing
• Application workshops
• Location waivers (i.e. buffers between businesses)
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 8
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Packet Pg. 740 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
PALM SPRINGS
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employee – overseen by Department of
Special Program Compliance
• Outreach
• Several stakeholder meetings
• Process
• Licenses offered first-come, first-served with no
caps on number
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by Consultants ($40K – grant funded)
• Timeline: Approx. 6 months
• Assessment Components
• Enforcement history
• Identification of disproportionately affected
communities
• Identification, understanding and addressing of
key barriers
• Local cannabis legislative history
• Findings and equity program recommendations
• Challenges
• Determining cap on # of permits due to
fluctuation in population due to tourism
• Classifications of crimes changed over time,
which made data collection difficult
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 9
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Packet Pg. 741 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
SAN DIEGO
Equity Program • Prepared by City Staff with assistance from consultant • Timeline: Still being developed • Components • Waiver of location requirements (i.e. buffers between businesses) • Expedited processing Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 10
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Packet Pg. 742 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
SAN DIEGO
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approximately 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employee – overseen by Cannabis Business
Division
• Outreach
• Several listening sessions with Council members
observing advertised through print/media, website
updates, direct calling to stakeholders and
community organizations, and social outreach posts
• Process
• Discretionary, Licenses offered first-come, firstserved with a cap of 36 citywide and 4 per Council district
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by Consultants and City staff ($75K –
grant funded)
• Timeline: Approx. 20 months
• Assessment Components
• Cannabis market analysis
• Identification of economically and socially
disadvantaged neighborhoods and populations
• Community feedback analysis
• Best practices from other California jurisdictions
• Identification of primary barriers to equity
• Preliminary equity program recommendations
• Challenges
• Interdepartmental review and agreement of
program recommendations resulting from the
assessment
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 11
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Packet Pg. 743 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
SAN FRANCISCO
Equity Program
• City developed
• Timeline: Approximately 1 year
• Incorporated into the Adult-Use Ordinance
• Components
• Equity applicants with 100% ownership are prioritized over non-equity applications • No cost to apply for initial permit
• Opportunity to partner with an Equity Incubator business • Legal assistance from Cannabis Law Committee of the Bar Association of San Francisco Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 12
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Packet Pg. 744 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
SAN FRANCISCO
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approximately 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employee – Office of Cannabis under the City Administrator Department, includes 11 employees • Outreach
• Held public meetings and sent public notices through Cannabis Legalization Task Force. Now have a more permanent task force that advises on legislation.
• Cost
• Approx. $600,000 to fund the staff positions to do the initial work (3 staff members) and create the Office of Cannabis
• Process
• Application window with first-come first-serve based on minimum qualifications with equity applicants prioritized
• Have 6 equity criteria and must meet 3 of the 6 and pass an asset test to be considered an equity applicant
• Equity applicants who own 100% of the business are prioritized most • Once all equity applicants eligible receive permit, then start reviewing general applicants • No cap on permits.
• Medical permitted to convert to adult-use but must make equity commitments with revokable license if fall through on commitments.
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 13
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Packet Pg. 745 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
SAN FRANCISCO
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by City staff and community groups
• Timeline: Approx. 6 months
• Assessment Components
• Identification of economically and socially disadvantaged neighborhoods and populations • Historical & legislative context of cannabis policies • Arrest rates and low-income populations
• Identification of primary barriers to enter
• Findings and equity program recommendations
• Challenges
• Challenging and slow to coordinate with local departments to secure necessary data (arrest dates, low-income populations, disadvantaged communities) Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 14
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Packet Pg. 746 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
CULVER CITY
Equity Program
• None developed
Equity Assessment
• None conducted
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• Task force comprised of City staff and
boards/commission members and contracted
with consultant on ordinance development
($50K) – overseen by Finance Department
• Outreach
• Task force comprised of City staff and
boards/commission members
• Process
• Competitive selection process and CUP required.
• Extra points awarded to minority-, women-, or
veteran-owned businesses during selection
process
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 15
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Packet Pg. 747 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
WEST HOLLYWOOD
Equity Program
• None developed
Equity Assessment
• None conducted
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• Contracted consultants, program overseen by
Community Safety Dept and Neighborhood
Business Safety Division
• Outreach
• Stakeholder meetings and surveys
• Process
• Application window with screening process to
review applications with third party reviewer
based on criteria with top 8 candidates selected
• All cannabis business licenses require a hearing
before the Cannabis Commission
• Medical retailers allowed to convert to adult-use
through "legacy" permit but very restrictive (can't
change more than 50% of ownership within first 4
years, can't rebrand, and can't move locations
unless lease is terminated, or else legacy permit is
terminated)
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 16
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Packet Pg. 748 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities
EQUITY PROGRAM LESSONS LEARNED
1. Cannabis programs that do not include caps on number of permits benefit the more capitalized businesses and forces equity businesses to partner with more established businesses
• Hard to know if the equity partner actually has control
2. High start-up cost for businesses makes it hard to provide adequate direct funding for equity applicants
3. Requires a lot of staff or consultant to provide hands-on assistance
4. Program funding relies largely on State grants
• State legislation mandates grant funding appropriation which may conflict with equity applicant needs (80% for direct applicants, 10% for staff and 10% for technical assistance) • Program may cease if alternative funding resources are not identified
5. Considering setting aside program revenue for equity programs as an alternative if it is intended to supplant cannabis equity program
Detailed Summary of Cannabis Social Equity Programs from Other Cities 17
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Packet Pg. 749 Attachment: Attachment A - Detailed Summary of Cannabis Programs from Other Cities 1 David Yakobson
From: Tatheer Adnan <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, March 19, 2024 7:49 AM
To: councilmtgitems
Cc: Jesse Zwick; Caroline Torosis
Subject: March 19 Santa Monica City Council Meeting
EXTERNAL
Dear Councilmembers,
Sharing my thoughts on some agenda items below
AGAINST 16J: While concerns about public drug use are valid, many studies examining the impact of needle exchange programs on community safety have failed to find an increase in drug-related crime or disorder following the implementation of such programs. On the contrary, by facilitating the safe disposal of used needles and syringes, SSPs reduce dangerously exposed needles and protect the public and first responders. Needle exchange programs operate within a harm reduction framework at the population health level. They reach people who inject drugs, an often hidden and marginalized population, successfully reducing the transmission of viral hepatitis, HIV, and other infections, and the incidence of opioid overdose deaths through the provision of naloxone. Research also shows that new users of SSPs are five times more likely to enter drug treatment and about three times more likely to stop using drugs than those who don’t use the programs.
AGAINST 16K: The ordinance will prevent hotel workers from striking. I agree with the fundamental reasons for the strike and support workers’ ability to exercise their First Amendment rights. The right to strike is a fundamental labor right, crucial for workers to negotiate fair pay, safe working conditions, and equitable treatment. Striking is a last resort when other negotiation tactics have failed, and hindering this right undermines the balance of power between employers and employees, potentially leading to exploitative working conditions. Workers in the hospitality industry, particularly in hotels, are often frontline defenders of public health, ensuring clean and safe environments for guests.
Hindering their ability to operate in an environment that just, might be directly compromising public health and safety and discouraging tourist activity.
SUPPORT 16I: Fully support! Cyclists play a vital role in promoting sustainable transportation and fostering a healthier, more vibrant community. It is incumbent upon us to create an environment where cyclists feel safe and respected while navigating our streets. Implementing a cyclist harassment ordinance will not only enhance cyclist safety but also contribute to creating a more inclusive and equitable transportation system for all residents. 7A. I am excited about an equity lens to cannabis licensing and have been considering the logistics around a cannabis licensing program that prioritizes individuals from communities disproportionately impacted by the War on Drugs, such as low-income neighborhoods and communities of color. This program would provide preferential treatment or additional incentives for applicants who meet specific equity criteria, such as residency in designated areas, prior cannabis-related convictions, or demonstration of financial need. Contingent upon defining clear eligibility criteria for equity applicants, comprehensive assistance and mentorship through the licensing process can further ensure that the program reaches those who would benefit from it most. To ensure that cannabis licensing is coupled with protective restrictions, businesses could be required to obtain conditional use permits (CUPs) subject to specific locational criteria and review processes. CUPs can provide the city with additional discretion and oversight to evaluate the compatibility of proposed cannabis businesses with their surroundings (complemented by buffer zones) and address potential concerns raised by stakeholders. To design the program circularly, a portion of the revenue or fees can be funneled into Item 7.A.
March 19, 2024
Item 7.A.
March 19, 2024
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Packet Pg. 750 Attachment: Written Comments (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) 2 community reinvestment initiatives- job training programs, youth education, substance abuse prevention, and economic development in neighborhoods affected by the War on Drugs.
Sincerely,
Tatheer Adnan
Item 7.A.
March 19, 2024
Item 7.A.
March 19, 2024
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Packet Pg. 751 Attachment: Written Comments (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) 1 David Yakobson
From: Bijan Khajebag <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, March 18, 2024 1:27 PM
To: councilmtgitems
Subject: 74 A
EXTERNAL
Dear city council members, cannabis is a stimulant drug which will cause brain injury resulting in paranoia, depression and delusions which have and eventually affects individuals using it, smoking is not a solution to reduce people's anxiety, cannabis creates later or sooner more anxiety which creates more of depression and etc., smoking cannabis is a pathway for other and stronger drugs which we see the user all over the city of Santa Monica and elsewhere, city needs to reduce the smoking shops meaning to influence the drugs dealing with drugs dealing cartel growing in the city of Santa Monica, for the sake of ourselves, our youth and people's health.
Get Outlook for iOS
Item 7.A.
March 19, 2024
Item 7.A.
March 19, 2024
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Packet Pg. 752 Attachment: Written Comments (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) City Council
Adult-Use Cannabis Social Equity Study Session
March 19, 2024
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Packet Pg. 753 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Presentation Overview
1. Refresher on Council Direction for Adult-Use Cannabis
2. What is cannabis social equity?
3. Equity programs from other cities
4. Options for cannabis social equity framework
5. Options for location restrictions
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Packet Pg. 754 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Prior Council Direction - June 13, 2023
• Allow adult-use cannabis retail and non-retail uses including consumption lounges
• No cap on number of uses/licenses but explore zoning restrictions to limit the number of businesses
• Allow two medicinal cannabis retailers to sell adult-use cannabis products
• Allow adult-use cannabis uses in non-residential zones and apply State buffers for distance from sensitive uses
• Conduct a cannabis equity assessment and create a cannabis equity program
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Packet Pg. 755 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Purpose
• Since Council's direction in June 2023...
Adopted IZO to allow two medicinal cannabis retailers to sell adultuse cannabis Researched peer cities' cannabis equity programs
Worked with DEI team to secure Cannabis Equity Grants Program for Local Jurisdictions Type 1 Grant
• Tonight
• Seek additional Council direction on social equity framework and zoning locational restrictions
• Not yet creating specific components of an equity program
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Packet Pg. 756 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) What is Cannabis Social Equity?
• Recognize the long-term impact of
the criminalization of cannabis
upon minority communities
• Promote equitable ownership and
employment opportunities in the
cannabis industry
• Decrease disparities and improve
outcome among identified groups
that have been most affected by
the war on drugs
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Packet Pg. 757 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Development of Cannabis Equity Program
Determines
most
impacted
groups
Equity Study
Informed by
findings of
Equity Study
Eligibility
Criteria Priority application +
licensing
Employment
opportunities
Community
reinvestment by
cannabis businesses
Investment of
cannabis tax revenues
Example
Program
Components
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 758 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Equity Program Challenges
• Predatory/manipulative behavior by non-qualifying applicants taking advantage
• Sunk costs for applicants ultimately unable to obtain a license • Limited staff resources to develop/implement a comprehensive program
• Excessive startup costs and need for capital
• Intense competition for finite number of licenses
• Limited availability of eligible real estate
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 759 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Peer Cities Summary
Equity
Program
Developed at
Outset or Later
Time to Develop
Ordinance
Time to Develop
Equity Program
Dedicated
Staff/Office
for Program
Type of
Selection
Process
Culver City N/A ~ 1 Year N/A N/A N/A
Long Beach Later ~ 1 Year ~ 2 Years RFP
Los Angeles Later -- -- Lottery
Oakland Later ~ 2 Years 3 Months
Non-dispensary
on rolling basis;
dispensary
through lottery
Palm Springs Later ~ 1 Year 9 Months
Began with first
come first served
but will likely move
to lottery
San Diego Later ~ 1 Year In Process TBD
San Francisco Later ~ 1 Year ~ 1 Year First come first served
West Hollywood N/A ~ 1 Year N/A N/A N/A
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 760 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Lessons Learned
Regulatory
1. Establish a limit to number of retail licenses
Council directed no cap on number of licenses
Most other jurisdictions with no cap struggled to scale back after overconcentration Process
2. Establish minimum criteria to qualify equity applicants followed by random selection Council directed exploration of non-discretionary process Selection process options to be provided with draft ordinance pending Council direction
3. Set aside percentage of permits for equity applicants and prioritize their processing Ensures share of licenses are available for equity applicants
4. Keep the process simple
Require background checks and ownership structure transparency Equity applicant eligibility criteria should not be too broad
5. Develop informational business assistance tools
Interactive GIS cannabis map to identify existing locations
6. Prohibited or restrict sale of permits
Ensures continuation of equity program
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 761 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Lessons Learned
Staffing
7. Establish cannabis department
Provides oversight, enforcement and educational, technical and business assistance to equity applicants
Requires additional staff and/or consultant support
Permitting
8. Opposition from non-equity operators of equity applicants Less restrictive locational requirements for equity applicants may result in more desirable areas
9. Consider not providing a vested right to run with the land for cannabis uses Would not allow future adjustments and limit flexibility of cannabis program implementation
10. Understand nuances of different cannabis operations for each permit type.
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 762 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Cannabis Equity Program Considerations
1. No caps on number of permits
• Benefits more capitalized businesses
• Forces equity businesses to partner with more established businesses Hard to know if equity partner has control
2. High start-up costs for businesses
• Hard to provide adequate direct funding for equity applicants
3. Requires a lot of hands-on assistance
• Staffing/resource intensive
May require additional staff, consultants, and/or contract services
4. Program funding relies largely on State grants
• State legislation mandates grant funding appropriation (80% for direct applicants, 10% for staff and 10% for technical assistance
May conflict with equity applicant needs
Program may cease if alternative funding is not identified
5. Set aside program revenue to supplant cannabis equity program
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 763 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Options for Cannabis Social Equity Framework
Source: www.veriheal.com
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 764 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Options for Cannabis Equity Approach
ORDINANCE ONLY STANDARD EQUITY ENHANCED EQUITY
EQUITY
PROGRAM
Adult-use cannabis
ordinance only
No equity program
Adult-use cannabis ordinance
Equity program derived from best
general practices and examples from
other cities informed by Santa Monica
equity assessment
Adult-use cannabis ordinance
Equity program with tailored components
created from comprehensive Santa
Monica-specific equity assessment
findings
TIMELINE Approx. 12 months
By December 2024
Approx. 12-18 months
By June 2025
Approx. 24 months / ongoing
By December 2025 for initial components
but will require ongoing support due to
likelihood of direct and technical
assistance
EQUITY
ASSESSMENT
Conducted Conducted Conducted
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 765 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Options for Cannabis Equity Approach
ORDINANCE ONLY STANDARD EQUITY ENHANCED EQUITY
COST / FUNDING
(Can vary further
depending on number
of businesses and level
of oversight needed)
Approx. $40K for
assessment
Funded by State Go-Biz
Grant – Type 1
Approx. $40K for assessment
Funded by State Go-Biz Grant –
Type 1
Approx. $40K for assessment
Funded by State Go-Biz Grant – Type 1
• Additional cost for consultant to
develop enhanced equity program
• Apply for ongoing State Go-Biz Type 2
grant and future budget actions by
Council to continue to support equity
program as necessary
ANTICIPATED
STAFFING
NEEDED
Existing Planning staff Existing staff development of equity program
Additional interdepartmental staff
and/or contract staff for ongoing
management of cannabis program
1 to 2 Full-time staff dedicated to cannabis
program oversight and equity applicants
Depends on number of cannabis
businesses and desired level of regulatory
oversight
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 766 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Options for Cannabis Equity Approach
ORDINANCE ONLY STANDARD EQUITY ENHANCED EQUITY
PROCESS Based on zoning regulations
(First come first served)
Administrative non-selection process
(lottery, first come first served, etc.)
Discretionary selection process
(RFP, etc.)
POTENTIAL
PROGRAM
ELEMENTS
(Illustrative purposes
only)
None • Application criteria specific to
equity applications
• Fee waivers
• Expedited application review
• Reduced or eliminated buffer
requirements
• Business development
assistance/mentorship
• Workforce training
• Assistance with accessing startup
capital
• Assistance with expunging cannabisrelated criminal records • Utilizing cannabis tax revenues to fund
community reinvestment
PEER CITIES
STUDIED
• West Hollywood
• Culver City
• Palm Springs • Long Beach
• San Francisco
• Oakland
• Los Angeles
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 767 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Equity Framework Options
STANDARD EQUITY
+ Prioritizes timing,
cost/resources,
and revenue
-
Doesn't consider
cannabis equity
+ Balances timing,
cost/resources,
revenue, and
cannabis equity
+ Prioritizes cannabis
equity and is based
on Santa Monicaspecific findings
-
Cost/resource
intensive (ongoing)
and takes longer to
develop
Recommended Option
-
Cannabis equity
program is not
based on SantaMonica specific
findings
ORDINANCE ONLY STANDARD EQUITY ENHANCED EQUITY
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 768 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Options for Locational Requirements
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 769 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Locational Restrictions – Eligible Parcels
• Assumes Statedesignated sensitive uses
(school, youth center, day
care center) for buffers
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 770 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Locational Restrictions – Prior Council Direction
• Council concern with oversaturation of cannabis
businesses
• Buffers around sensitive uses
• Can be increased or decreased
• Mechanisms to control number of businesses
• Minimum distance between cannabis businesses
• Limits per block or geographical area
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 771 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Application of Buffers Between Cannabis Uses – 300’
• Assumes State recommended 600’
buffer from sensitive uses (school,
youth center, day care center) for
eligible parcels
• Hypothetical business locations
based on eligible parcels
Small
(300’
Buffer)
Medium
(600’
Buffer)
Large
(900’
Buffer)
Potential
Maximum
Number of
Cannabis
Businesses
62 38 29
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 772 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Application of Buffers Between Cannabis Uses – 600’
Small
(300’
Buffer)
Medium
(600’
Buffer)
Large
(900’
Buffer)
Potential
Maximum
Number of
Cannabis
Businesses
62 38 29
• Assumes State recommended 600’
buffer from sensitive uses (school,
youth center, day care center) for
eligible parcels
• Hypothetical business locations
based on eligible parcels
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 773 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Application of Buffers Between Cannabis Uses – 900’
Small
(300’
Buffer)
Medium
(600’
Buffer)
Large
(900’
Buffer)
Potential
Maximum
Number of
Cannabis
Businesses
62 38 29
• Assumes State recommended 600’
buffer from sensitive uses (school,
youth center, day care center) for
eligible parcels
• Hypothetical business locations
based on eligible parcels
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 774 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Next Steps
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 775 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Next Steps
May – December 2024
Develop
cannabis
equity
program
Hire
consultant
and conduct
equity
assessment
By December 2024
Develop
cannabis
ordinance
and admin
guidelines
Apply for additional
Cannabis Equity
Grant (Type 1)
funding to assist in
development of
cannabis equity
program
2025
Apply for next
round of
Cannabis Equity
Grants Program
(Type 2) for
implementation
of equity
program
Timeline will depend
on Council direction
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 776 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Key Policy Questions
Equity Framework:
1. Determine expansiveness of cannabis equity program – standard or enhanced equity option?
Locational Restrictions:
2. Should there be an additional buffer around particular uses in the City?
3. For distances between operators, would Council prefer small (300’), medium (600’), or large (900’) buffer?
4. In addition to a distance between operators, should there be an additional restriction that states that in no case should there be more than 1 cannabis business per block?
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 777 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Appendix
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 778 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) Selection Process Options
Merit Based:
Applicant are ranked according to their score. Top-ranked applicants are selecting to move forward to the permitting process, consistent with the number of permits available.
Equity:
Priority is given to individuals who qualify for the cannabis equity program, as defined by the equity assessment.
Lottery:
All applications scoring above a minimum baseline are entered into a drawing from which applications will be selected at random, consistent with the number of permits available. Those applications selected will be allowed to move forward to the permitting process.
First Come / First Served:
Applications are reviewed and scored in the order they are received. All applications scoring above a minimum baseline will be allowed to move forward to the permitting process, until the max. number of permits available has been reached.
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 779 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
LONG BEACH
Equity Program
• Prepared by City staff in the Office of Equity
• Timeline: Approx. 2 years
• Components
• Fee Waivers
• Reduction of location requirements (i.e. buffers between businesses) • Expedited application and facility plan check review
• Direct technical assistance Business development support ($350K grant/equity applicant)
• Access to application workshops
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 780 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
LONG BEACH
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employees – overseen by Office of Cannabis
Oversight (includes 10 staff) housed in the City
Manager’s Department
• Outreach
• Met with community stakeholder organizations
and groups
• Process
• Applications accepted during application
window, chosen by lottery
• No cap on number of licenses except for
dispensaries
• Dispensaries are capped based on population (32
– all converted from medical) and later added
additional permits for equity applicants (8)
awarded through RFP process.
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by City staff
• Timeline: completed before ordinance was
adopted and took approx. 1 year
• Assessment Components
• Eligibility criteria
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 781 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
CITY OF LOS ANGELES
Equity Program
• Lottery selection process for verified social equity applicants through eligibility criteria (lottery administered by third party firm)
• City online assistance/learning portal with online courses, digital resources, educational events
• Direct financial assistance through grants and fee waivers/deferrals • Pro/low bono legal services for social equity applicants who have passed a pre-application stage
• Outside vendors provide targeted programming to social equity entrepreneurs (licensing requirements, commercial regulations, business/workforce development, technology education)
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 782 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
CITY OF LOS ANGELES
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Allows for retail, delivery, cultivation,
manufacturing, testing, and distribution
uses
• License caps on certain uses, including
retail, by Community Plan Area based on
population
• New applications for retail uses currently
only being accepted for social equity
applicants until January 1, 2025
• Retail uses must be a minimum 700’ from
sensitive uses and other retailers
• Cultivation, manufacturing, testing, and
distribution uses must be a minimum 600’
from schools
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by consultant in 2017
• Timeline: Approx. 4 months
• Components
• Cannabis use and arrest data
• Study of penalties and disadvantages of nonviolent
drug convictions
• Public workshop
• Recommended program components including
workforce requirement, technical assistance
program, investment program/fund,
waived/deferred fees, expungement of past
cannabis criminal records, streamlined permitting,
provisional licensing, social equity program
coordinator, education/outreach
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 783 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
OAKLAND
Equity Program
• Developed by city staff
• Timeline: 3 Months. Developed concurrently with Equity Analysis • Outreach
• Hold ongoing monthly meetings in collaboration with a local equity group for equity applicants • Components
• Phased licensing - At least 4 of the 8 dispensary permits are reserved each year for equity applicants per calendar year
• Equity Incubators – General applicants that provide free rent or real estate to equity applicants are prioritized for next round of permits.
• Operators may apply for a permit and receive conditional approval prior to leasing or purchasing a space.
• Drug offenses excluded from background checks
• Reduced licensing fees
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 784 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
OAKLAND
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 2 years
• Staffing & Resources
• City employees – overseen by Economic &
Workforce Development Department, Special
Activity Permits Division
• Outreach
• Stakeholder community meetings and online
survey
• Process
• Business permit and dispensary permit
• Dispensaries require a public hearing
• Onsite consumption permit may be granted to
dispensaries in good standing following a public
hearing and evaluative point system
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by City staff
• Timeline: Approx. 3 months
• Assessment Components
• Enforcement history
• Identification of disproportionately affected
communities
• Disparities within cannabis industry
• Revisions to medical cannabis ordinance
• Challenges
• Have a history of large illicit market
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 785 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
PALM SPRINGS
Equity Program
• Prepared by City Staff with assistance from consultant • Timeline: Started with 3-month pilot program based on other cities, went back and spent 6 months redeveloping/expanding
• Components:
• Tax cuts (50%)
• Technical assistance ($350K grant/equity applicant)
• Fee Waivers (i.e. application review and plan check fees) • Expedited processing
• Application workshops
• Location waivers (i.e. buffers between businesses)
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 786 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
PALM SPRINGS
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employee – overseen by Department of
Special Program Compliance
• Outreach
• Several stakeholder meetings
• Process
• Licenses offered first-come, first-served with no
caps on number
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by Consultants ($40K – grant funded)
• Timeline: Approx. 6 months
• Assessment Components
• Enforcement history
• Identification of disproportionately affected
communities
• Identification, understanding and addressing of
key barriers
• Local cannabis legislative history
• Findings and equity program recommendations
• Challenges
• Determining cap on # of permits due to
fluctuation in population due to tourism
• Classifications of crimes changed over time,
which made data collection difficult
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 787 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
SAN DIEGO
Equity Program • Prepared by City Staff with assistance from consultant • Timeline: Still being developed • Components • Waiver of location requirements (i.e. buffers between businesses) • Expedited processing
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 788 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
SAN DIEGO
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employee – overseen by Cannabis Business
Division
• Outreach
• Several listening sessions with Council members
observing advertised through print/media,
website updates, direct calling to stakeholders
and community organizations, and social
outreach posts
• Process
• Discretionary, Licenses offered first-come, firstserved with a cap of 36 citywide and 4 per Council district
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by Consultants and City staff ($75K –
grant funded)
• Timeline: Approx. 20 months
• Assessment Components
• Cannabis market analysis
• Identification of economically and socially
disadvantaged neighborhoods and populations
• Community feedback analysis
• Best practices from other California jurisdictions
• Identification of primary barriers to equity
• Preliminary equity program recommendations
• Challenges
• Interdepartmental review and agreement of
program recommendations resulting from the
assessment
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 789 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
SAN FRANCISCO
Equity Program
• City developed
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Incorporated into the Adult-Use Ordinance
• Components
• Equity applicants with 100% ownership are prioritized over non-equity applications • No cost to apply for initial permit
• Opportunity to partner with an Equity Incubator business • Legal assistance from Cannabis Law Committee of the Bar Association of San Francisco
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 790 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
SAN FRANCISCO
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• City employee – Office of Cannabis under the City Administrator Department, includes 11 employees • Outreach
• Held public meetings and sent public notices through Cannabis Legalization Task Force. Now have a more permanent task force that advises on legislation.
• Cost
• Approx. $600,000 to fund the staff positions to do the initial work (3 staff members) and create the Office of Cannabis
• Process
• Application window with first-come first-serve based on minimum qualifications with equity applicants prioritized
• Have 6 equity criteria and must meet 3 of the 6 and pass an asset test to be considered an equity applicant
• Equity applicants who own 100% of the business are prioritized most • Once all equity applicants eligible receive permit, then start reviewing general applicants • No cap on permits.
• Medical permitted to convert to adult-use but must make equity commitments with revokable license if fall through on commitments.
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 791 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
SAN FRANCISCO
Equity Assessment
• Prepared by City staff and community groups
• Timeline: Approx. 6 months
• Assessment Components
• Identification of economically and socially disadvantaged neighborhoods and populations • Historical & legislative context of cannabis policies • Arrest rates and low-income populations
• Identification of primary barriers to enter
• Findings and equity program recommendations
• Challenges
• Challenging and slow to coordinate with local departments to secure necessary data (arrest dates, low-income populations, disadvantaged communities)
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 792 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
CULVER CITY
Equity Program • None developed
Equity Assessment • None conducted
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year • Staffing & Resources • Task force comprised of City staff and boards/commission members and contracted
with consultant on ordinance development
($50K)– overseen by Finance Department
• Outreach
• Task force comprised of City staff and
boards/commission members
• Process • Competitive selection process and CUP required. • Extra points awarded to minority-, women-, or veteran-owned businesses during selection
process
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 793 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session)
WEST HOLLYWOOD
Equity Program
• None developed
Equity Assessment
• None conducted
Adult-Use Ordinance
• Timeline: Approx. 1 year
• Staffing & Resources
• Contracted consultants, program overseen by
Community Safety Dept and Neighborhood
Business Safety Division
• Outreach
• Stakeholder meetings and surveys
• Process
• Application window with screening process to
review applications with third party reviewer
based on criteria with top 8 candidates selected
• All cannabis business licenses require a hearing
before the Cannabis Commission
• Medical retailers allowed to convert to adult-use
through "legacy" permit but very restrictive (can't
change more than 50% of ownership within first 4
years, can't rebrand, and can't move locations
unless lease is terminated, or else legacy permit is
terminated)
8.A.e
Packet Pg. 794 Attachment: PowerPoint Presentation (6334 : Cannabis Study Session) City Council
Report
City Council Meeting: April 23, 2024
Agenda Item: 10.A
1 of 13
To: Mayor and City Council
From: Rick Valte, Public Works Director, Public Works, Office of Sustainability & the Environment
Subject: Introduction and First Reading of Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Ordinance and Adoption of Local Amendments Findings Resolution
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Adopt a finding of categorical exemption pursuant to Section 15308 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines;
2. Introduce for first reading the attached ordinance that adopts the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code including the 2022 intervening code updates, and supports decreasing emissions from concrete;
3. Adopt the attached resolution that provides findings of local climatic, geological, topographical, and environmental conditions as required to adopt Santa Monica local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code;
4. Direct the City Manager to file the adopted resolution and ordinance amending the Green Building Standards Code with the California Building Standards Commission following the second reading of the ordinance.
Summary
As a leader in sustainability, the City of Santa Monica continues to implement strategies that support its goals for a clean, safe, healthy, and sustainable community. As adopted by the City Council, the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (Attachment A) recommends implementing carbon-neutral construction codes for new residential, commercial, and multi-family properties. Embodied carbon, the carbon emissions from the manufacturing and transportation of building materials, accounts for 11% of global carbon emissions and contributes up to a quarter of building sector emissions. Locally, the proposed low-carbon concrete amendment to the Building Code could reduce the City’s building sector concrete embodied carbon by 14%-33%.
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New construction buildings offer a major opportunity to mitigate future emissions given the long-term nature of a building as an asset. Low-carbon concrete requirements provide an opportunity to drastically reduce future carbon emissions. A typical concrete mix is made of Portland cement (cement), water, sand, and aggregates (gravel). The process of creating cement is carbon-intensive and accounts for 60% of the emissions in concrete1. Low-carbon concrete produces lower emissions compared to conventional concrete mixes by reducing the amount of cement in the concrete mix and replacing that cement with alternative cementitious materials and does so at lower to the same cost as traditional concrete. Because of the opportunity to reduce carbon emissions while not impacting overall building costs, there is growing momentum to establish lowcarbon concrete requirements as the most viable path to reduce embodied carbon in new construction. Policies reducing embodied carbon in the building sector are taking effect at the federal, state, and municipal government levels with many targeting lowcarbon concrete.
Staff proposes that City Council adopt and amend a measure in the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) to reduce embodied carbon emissions from concrete by establishing cement and global warming potential limits for concrete used in Santa Monica. This amendment would build upon the community’s adopted goal of reducing carbon emissions from the building sector, which accounts for 26% of greenhouse gas emissions in Santa Monica. Moreover, adopting the local amendment would close the gap in reducing building sector emissions as the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan sets goals for operational emissions and does not account for embodied carbon emissions. If adopted, staff would continue to conduct extensive outreach to the building community to prepare stakeholders for the ordinance’s effective date.
Formal adoption of the 2022 CALGreen Code and deletion of the following prior code sections comes at the behest of Building & Safety: 8.106.050 Additional Definitions, 1 Miller, “Achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the cement industry via value chain mitigation strategies”, 2021.
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8.106.053 Green building, 8.106.070 Flashing details, and 8.106.080 Non-residential, high-rise residential, hotel and motel solar and pool heating requirements. Sections
8.106.010 Adoption, 8.106.020 Local amendments to the California Green Building Standards Code, and 8.106.100 Electric vehicle charging have been updated to reflect current code cycles. (These are code cleanup measures.) Background
Limiting global warming to under 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels is imperative for avoiding the disastrous and irreparable effects of climate change. To meet this goal, action must be taken at all levels of government to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The City Council recognized the importance of municipal action towards reducing the community’s impact on climate change and, in 2019 adopted a goal of reducing communitywide carbon emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality (zero carbon dioxide emissions) by 2050 or sooner.
These ambitious but achievable goals initiated a range of interdepartmental City projects and programs designed to reduce the environmental impact of emissions from transportation, construction, landfill waste generation, and energy infrastructure (mostly from building emissions). Many new buildings in Santa Monica are utilizing zero emissions electricity sources from rooftop solar and enrollment in the Clean Power Alliance.
Traditionally, carbon emissions have been addressed from the operation of a building but to achieve long term carbon reductions addressing embodied carbon is imperative.
The emissions from embodied carbon in the building sector contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions and have yet to be addressed. A low-carbon concrete policy reduces emissions from the largest contributor to embodied carbon, concrete.
At the local level, the City of Santa Monica is engaged in numerous efforts to reduce citywide Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. These include:
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• 2019 Electric-Preferred building code amendment encourages all-electric building design.
• Participating in the Clean Power Alliance offers 100% renewable and carbon-free electricity to customers.
• The EV Charger Reach Code increases the required EV Charging infrastructure in new construction, increasing access to EV charging and encouraging EV adoption.
• The Electrify Santa Monica rebate program incentivizes residents and small businesses to install EV charging stations and convert methane gas appliances to efficient electric alternatives.
• Numerous energy efficiency-related projects and public EV infrastructure projects at municipal sites. Energy savings from four parking structure lighting retrofits in 2021 yielded a 44% average reduction in annual energy usage at those sites.
Low-carbon concrete is an effective policy solution to further reduce emissions in the building sector, as demonstrated by action at the local, county, and state levels below. • In 2019, Marin County adopted a low-carbon concrete ordinance that limits the amount of cement and global warming potential in concrete in all new construction.
• In September 2021, Governor Newsom signed Senate Bill 596 requiring the California Air Resources Control Board (CARB) to develop a strategy for the cement sector in California to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% from baseline levels by 2035 and achieve net-zero by 2045.
• The 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 11 includes two voluntary “Reach Codes”, A4.403.2 and A5.405.5, that reduce embodied carbon emissions from concrete.
• In September 2022, the Federal General Services Administration released revised low embodied carbon limits for concrete in all GSA projects. • In 2022, the City of Palo Alto adopted a low-carbon concrete ordinance that reduces the amount of cement and global warming potential in concrete in all new construction.
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• In 2022, the City of Santa Monica’s Architecture Services team worked with National Ready Mix Concrete to develop a low-carbon concrete mix to build the Moongate Memorial in Woodlawn Cemetery. This resulted in a 21% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to a standard concrete mixture. • In 2023, the California Building Standards Commission adopted embodied carbon standards, including low-carbon concrete standards, which will take effect for all large commercial buildings over 100,000 square feet and schools over 50,000 square feet in July 2024 under the intervening code cycle.
Based on case studies from concrete suppliers and developers, staff estimate that the low-carbon concrete standards in the proposed ordinance can result in emissions reductions ranging from 14-33% from the baseline in Santa Monica. A comparison of low-carbon concrete thresholds in the CALGreen (Attachment B) shows that Santa Monica would join Marin County and Palo Alto as leaders in the State and country in reducing embodied carbon emissions from concrete without raising the cost of construction.
Discussion
In early 2023, Office of Sustainability and the Environment (OSE) staff began researching possible policy pathways to reduce City embodied carbon emissions. In Spring 2023 the Council asked City staff to report on City efforts to use low-carbon concrete. OSE staff researched existing and developing embodied carbon policies and consulted with staff from other jurisdictions that are implementing embodied carbon policies, concrete industry professionals, and local environmental advocates. This process revealed that a low-carbon concrete policy is the most effective, efficient, and direct pathway to reduce embodied carbon emissions without increasing costs for developers or the City. With the goals of reducing building emissions and establishing a requirement that could be implemented for City and private projects, OSE collaborated with other Public Works and Community Development staff including the City Engineer and City Building Officer to develop ordinance language and began a stakeholder engagement process to gather feedback and support from concrete suppliers who supply to local construction projects.
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Stakeholder Outreach & Public Outreach
The compliance levels in the proposed ordinance were developed for the Marin County’s Low-Carbon Concrete ordinance by a stakeholder group of construction, design, and concrete experts. OSE and other Public Works staff built on the initial stakeholder process in Marin County to ensure that local industry experts agreed with and could comply with the ordinance. City staff met with major concrete suppliers, including the supplier currently under contract with Public Works for City projects, to review and discuss the ordinance. Each concrete supplier expressed confidence that they could meet the compliance requirements and demonstrated through concrete mixdesigns or environmental product declarations that they already have the capacity and ability to meet the proposed requirements.
OSE staff conducted a field visit to a housing development in Malibu utilizing low-carbon concrete that meets the proposed ordinance thresholds to see the concrete in use. The general contractor on-site praised the strength of the low-carbon concrete and ease of application. Additionally, OSE and Public Works staff arranged for a concrete industry professional to provide an educational presentation on low-carbon concrete and its applications for Public Works staff.
In January 2024 OSE staff hosted a stakeholder outreach meeting with housing industry professionals including housing developers, architects, affordable housing developers, and structural engineers to review the proposed low-carbon concrete ordinance and provide feedback. Structural engineers on the call indicated that they can and already do work with this material in their designs and asked us to include language to encourage lower carbon cements. Building designers gave helpful feedback on the language of exemptions and increases so the policy is clear and specific. Participants also encouraged staff to develop resources to educate the building community on the new policy requirements.
Also, in January 2024 OSE staff presented the proposed low-carbon concrete ordinance to Climate Action Santa Monica members to receive feedback from community
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members. The public was very encouraging and showed strong support for this work and the policy.
On January 22, 2024, the Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the Environment passed a motion to support the proposed Low Carbon Concrete Ordinance to reduce global warming emissions from the City’s building sector.
Feedback from stakeholder meetings has been overwhelmingly positive. Concerns about cost and supply impacts have been mitigated by the cost exemption in the ordinance.
Cost Analysis
Case studies of low-carbon concrete projects show that they can generate a cost savings or result in no to low-cost premiums. A Rocky Mountain Institute report (Attachment C) provides case studies showing embodied carbon savings from lowcarbon concrete of up to 33% with less than a 1% cost increase from conventional design. The Low Carbon Initiative has provided a case study (Attachment D) of a residential construction project in Malibu that achieved a 40% reduction in embodied carbon compared to a conventional foundation, with a cost savings of 2% compared to the conventional design. Likewise, the Department of Energy’s Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement report (Attachment E) provides cost analysis comparing the cost of traditional cement and the available substitutes on the market and finds that the use of substitutes for traditional cement can reduce costs $5 - $20 per ton.
When OSE and Public Works staff conducted stakeholder outreach to three concrete suppliers, each supplier was confident that low-carbon concrete mixes would not increase the cost of concrete.
City of Santa Monica’s Proposed Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Summary Concrete used in Santa Monica must meet one of two compliance requirements, either a Portland Cement Limit or Global Warming Potential Limit, based on the minimum
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specified strength of the concrete used in construction for which a permit for construction is issued after the effective date of the ordinance.
Exemptions are minimal and include the following:
• There is a lack of commercially available material necessary to comply with this chapter. The applicant must provide letters from at least two local concrete suppliers confirming the lack of available material to comply; • If the cost of low-carbon concrete is more expensive than the cost of the conventional Portland cement (OPC) mix. The applicant must provide quotes from at least two local concrete suppliers comparing the cost of an OPC mix and equivalent strength low-carbon concrete mix;
• Emergency purchases made in conformance with Santa Monica Municipal Code (SMMC) Section 2.24.240
• This requirement does not apply to pre-packaged proprietary concrete bags used for small quantities (less than 3 yards) or where there is an immediate need for on-site concrete mixing.
Proposed Building Standards Code Amendments
The proposed ordinance adopts the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) and provides a local amendment to a voluntary measure, or “Reach Code” in Title 24 Part 11 of the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen). Cities have the option to adopt increased voluntary requirements proposed in CALGreen that are known as Tier 1 and Tier 2, or they can adopt their own. The proposed ordinance is an adoption of CALGreen with local amendments to enhance and improve the Reach Code. In addition to the proposed CALGreen voluntary Reach Code the ordinance includes several amendments to the 2022 Building Standards Code sections that describe concrete application to amend those sections to include compliance with the proposed CALGreen Reach Code.
The recommended amendments to the 2022 CALGreen code are as follows:
• Section 5.409.3 Product GWP compliance – prescriptive path. Apply the authority of the reach code to all residential and non-residential projects as mandatory.
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• Add Table A (below) to 5.409.3 Reach Code to provide two compliance pathways, a Portland Cement Limit and a Global Warming Potential Limit for concrete mixes at minimum specified compressive strengths. o Each concrete application requires different minimum specified compressive strengths. The compliance table (Table A) provides maximum Portland Cement limit or Global Warming Potential limits for compressive strengths. Project designers can use linear interpolation to find compliance limits for compressive strengths not listed on the table. o Global warming potential is a standard data point on Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for concrete mixes. Project designers can use an EPD to prove compliance with the proposed ordinance. o Concrete suppliers who do not produce EPDs produce Mix Designs, an ingredient list of materials in the concrete, that include the amount of Portland cement. Project designers can use a Mix Design to prove compliance with the proposed ordinance.
o The proposed amendments are an improvement to CALGreen and provide clear and easy to follow maximum allowed cement or global warming potential limits that can achieve emissions reductions.
Table A - Cement and Global Warming Potential (GWP) Limits Portland Cement Limits Global Warming Potential
(GWP) Limits
Minimum specified compressive
strength f’c, psi (1)
Maximum Portland cement
content, lbs/yd3(2)
Maximum Global Warming
Potential (GWP) kg CO2e/m3
up to 2500 362 260
3000 410 289
4000 456 313
5000 503 338
6000 531 356
7000 594 394
7001 and higher 657 433
up to 3000 light weight 512 578
4000 light weight 571 626
5000 light weight 629 675
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Notes:
(1) For concrete strengths between the stated values, use linear interpolation to determine Portland cement and/or GWP limits.
(2) Portland cement of any type per ASTM C150, ASTM C595 or ASTM C1157. (3) Project applicants can choose to comply using the Maximum Portland Cement limits OR the Maximum Global Warming Potential limits.
The proposed ordinance also amends sections of the 2022 California Building Standards and Residential Codes that cover concrete applications to include compliance with the proposed pathways in Table A. These code sections are:
• Section 301 General – Green Building Standards Code
o Amend to read: 301.6 Low-carbon concrete requirements new construction. Plain and reinforced concrete installed as part of any project subject to the application of this code shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of SMMC 8.106.130, the full text of which is herein added to this code by reference.
• Section 1901.2 Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Building Standards Code o Amend to read: Structural concrete shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and ACI 318 as amended in Section 1905 of this code and Santa Monica Municipal Code Chapter 8.106.130. Except for the provisions of Sections 1904 and 1907, and other than compliance with Santa Monica Municipal Code Section
8.106.130, the design and construction of slabs on grade shall not be governed by this chapter unless they transmit vertical loads or lateral forces from other parts of the structure to the soil.
• Section R402.1 Materials for concrete – Residential Code o R402.2.1 Materials for concrete. Materials for concrete shall comply with the requirements of Section R608.5.1, as amended by SMMC Chapter
8.106.130.
• Section R404.1.3 Concrete foundation walls – Residential Code o R404.1.3 Concrete foundation walls. Concrete foundation walls that support light-frame walls shall be designed and constructed in accordance
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with the provisions of this section, ACI 318, ACI 332, or PCA 100, as amended by SMMC 8.106.130. Concrete foundation walls that support above-grade concrete walls that are within the applicability limits of Section R608.2 shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of this section, ACI 318, ACI 332, or PCA 100, as amended by SMMC 8.106.130. Concrete foundation walls that support above-grade concrete walls that are not within the applicability limits of Section R608.2 shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of ACI 318, ACI 332, or PCA 100, as amended by SMMC 8.106.130. Where ACI 318, ACI 332, PCA 100 or the provisions of this section, as amended by SMMC 8.106.130, are used to design concrete foundation walls, project drawings, typical details and specifications are not required to bear the seal of the architect or engineer responsible for design, unless otherwise required by the state law of the jurisdiction having authority. • Section R506.1 General – Residential Code
o R506.1 General. Concrete slab-on-ground floors shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of this section or ACI 332, as amended by SMMC 8.106.130. Floors shall be a minimum 3 1/2 inches (89mm) thick (for expansive soils, see Section R403.1.8). The specified compressive strength of concrete shall be as set forth in Section R402.2. • Section R608.5 Materials – Residential Code
o R608.5 Materials. Materials used in the construction of concrete walls shall comply with this section, as amended by, as amended by SMMC
8.106.130
Next Steps
The 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, together with local amendments and required findings to support those local amendments, are presented for Council adoption. The resolution (Attachment F) sets forth findings regarding local climatic,
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geological, topographical, and environmental conditions that are required to support the adoption of the local code amendments.
If approved by Council, the proposed amendments must be submitted to the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC). Public notification of the local amendments and the effective date of the building code would be published on the City’s website, and informational notices would be available at the City Hall Permit Counter. Staff will also engage local industry associations and professionals to ensure awareness of and compliance with the new requirements.
Environmental Review
The ordinance is exempt from CEQA pursuant to Section 15308 of the CEQA Guidelines. Section 15308 also provides an exemption for Class 8 projects, which include actions taken by regulatory agencies, as authorized by state or local ordinance, to assure the maintenance, restoration, enhancement, or protection of the environment where the regulatory process involves procedures for the protection of the environment.
The ordinance would require that low emissions carbon concrete would be used in Santa Monica to reduce carbon emissions for the protection of the environment.
Therefore, the ordinance is categorically exempt from CEQA review under CEQA Guideline section 15308.
Financial Impacts and Budget Actions
There is no immediate financial impact or budget action necessary as a result of recommended action. Staff will return to Council if specific budget actions are required in the future.
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Prepared By: Peter Roquemore, Sustainability Analyst
Approved Forwarded to Council
Attachments:
A. Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan
B. GWP Comparison
C. RMI Embodied Carbon Report
D. LCI Case Study
E. DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement F. Low-Carbon Concrete Resolution
G. Low-Carbon Concrete Ordinance
H. Written Comments
I. PowerPoint Presentation
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CLIMATE
ACTION &
ADAPTATION
PLAN
A 2030 COMMUNITY PLAN
TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSIONS
& BECOME CLIMATE RESILIENT
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
FINAL DRAFT
ADOPTED MAY 2019
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Packet Pg. 808 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 809 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Breeze BikeShare
Chamber of Commerce
Climate Action Santa Monica
ClimateResolve
Community Corporation of Santa Monica
County of Los Angeles
EcoMotion
Heal the Bay
Los Angeles Regional Collaborative for Climate
Action & Sustainability
Mid-City Neighbors
Northeast Neighbors
North of Montana Association
Office of Representative Richard Bloom
Office of Senator Ben Allen
RAND
Southern California Association of Governments
Santa Monica College
Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District
Santa Monica Travel & Tourism
Southern California Edison
Southern California Gas Company
Southern California Regional Energy Network
SustainableWorks
The Energy Coalition
UCLA Luskin Center for Policy Innovation
USC Sea Grant
STEERING COMMITTEE & PARTNERS
Gleam Davis , Mayor
Terry O’Day, Mayor Pro Tempore
Ana Maria Jara
Kevin McKeown
Greg Morena
Sue Himmelrich
Ted Winterer
Pam O'Connor (1994-2018)
CITY COUNCIL
Mark Gold, Chair
Erik Neandross, Vice Chair
Garen Baghdasarian
Robert Lempert
Susan Mearns
David Pettit
TASK FORCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Mario Fonda-Bonardi, Chair
Leslie Lambert, Vice Chair
Amy Nancy Anderson
Nina Fresco
Shawn Landres
Richard McKinnon
Jason Parry
PLANNING COMMISSION
Grace Sadye Phillips, Chair
Thomas Cleys, Vice Chair
Hans Baumann
Robin Carmichael
Gloria Garvin
Armando Martinez
Ellis Raskin
URBAN FOREST TASK FORCE
Barry Engelman, Chair
Kathryn G. Kietzman, Vice Chair
Leigh Alan Brumberg
Barbara Jane Browning
Elliot Goldberg
Paula Fern
Lynn Strother
Willa Faye Wells
COMMISSION FOR THE SENIOR
COMMUNITY
Marielle Krisel, Chair
Nanci Linke-Ellis, Vice Chair
Glenda Berg
Dee Capelli
June Carol Hagan, PhD
Thomas John Hill
Christy Hobart
Kathryn Kosmeya-Dodge
Lauri Ringer
Kelly S. Siegel
Delbert A Whetter, JD, MBA
DISABILITIES COMMISSION
Credit: Justin Han
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Packet Pg. 810 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Garrett Wong, Sr. Sustainability Analyst
Dean Kubani, Chief Sustainability Officer
Shannon Parry, Sustainability Administrator
Ariana Vito
Drew Lowell-Johnstone
James Velez-Conway
Andrew Basmajian
Amanda Grossman
Karl Bruskotter
Thomas Fleming
Karina Sandique
Salvador Gonzalez
Neal Shapiro
Russell Ackerman
Angela Von Slomski
Jennifer Simmons
Jessica Hanna
Mikhael Matossian (15/16)
Delia Tyrell (16/17)
Samantha Rosenbaum (16/17)
Michael Consunji (17/18)
Maansi Shah (17/18)
Yuval Pearl (18/19)
CIVICSPARK FELLOWS
PRIMARY AUTHOR
OFFICE OF SUSTAINABILITY &
THE ENVIRONMENT
DNV-GL
Global Green
Raimi & Associates
Fehr & Peers
Francie Stefan, Mobility Manager
Colleen Stoll
Jing Yeo, Planning Manager
Liz Bar-El
Cary Fukui
Peter James
Rachel Kwok
Roxanne Tanemori
CONSULTANTS
PLANNING & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT
Susan Cline, Director
Delana Gbemekama, Communications & Marketing Coordinator Sergio Ramirez, Principal Administrative Analyst
Chris Celsi, Resource Recovery & Recycling Manager
Chris Dishlip, Facilities Maintenance Manager, Acting City Architect
Alex Nazarchuk, Water Resources Manager
Matthew Wells, Public Landscape Manager
Rick Valte, City Engineer
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Cover: City of Santa Monica. Pg. 2: Eric Staudenmaier, Stefan Corbel, Justin Han, Iwan Baan for Community Corporation of Santa Monica, City of Santa Monica. Pg 5: Downtown
Santa Monica, Pg 6: William Short. Pg 10: William Short; Pg 12: Kristina Sado, Justin Han.; Pg 13: City of Santa Monica, Gabor Ekecs, WeWork. Pg 17: City of Santa Monica; Pg 20:
Iwan Baan for Community Corporation of Santa Monica; Pg 25: Terra24. Pg 29: Kristina Sado; Pg 35: City of Santa Monica; Pg 41: Santa Monica Daily Press. Pg 42: Justin Han. Pg 46:
City of Santa Monica; Pg. 50: Justin Han. Pg. 51: City of Santa Monica. Pg. 53: Kristina Sado; Pg. 54: Climate Cents. Pg 57:
Justin Han. Pg. 58: Justin Han, Pg. 55: City of Santa Monica
PHOTO CREDITS
Credit: William Short
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Packet Pg. 811 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CONTENTS
T A B L E O F
9 7
19 35
58 63
INTRODUCTION
P A THWAY TO C AR BON NEU TR A LI TY
ZERO NE T C AR BON BUI LDINGS
ZERO WAS TE
SUS T AIN A B LE MO BI LI TY
CLIMATE ACTION
OUR C LIM A TE A C TION VISION
C LIM A TE RE ADY COMMUNI TY
WA TER SE L F-SU F FI CIEN CY
CO AS T A L F LOODING PREP AREDNESS
CLIMATE ADAPTATION
LOW C AR BON FOOD & E COSYS TEMS
C LIM A TE CH ANGE IN S AN T A MONI C A
C LIM A TE LE ADERSHIP
DEVE LOPING THE P L AN
P L AN A T A G L AN CE
IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
CONCLUSION
HOW TO RE AD THE P L AN
10 12
11 13
14 16
17 20
29 25
36 46
42 50
53 COMMUNI TY THEMES
6 LETTER FROM THE MAYOR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Packet Pg. 812 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
LETTER FROM THE MAYOR
In recent years, California has experienced historic drought, higher average temperatures, heat waves, and devastating wildfires and mudslides. Climate change is no longer a threat in a distant future. It is here now. And it will get worse unless we act.
Climate change is a global issue that requires all governments to act, no matter their size. Unfortunately, it appears that not every level of government recognizes the problem or is willing to act on it. Accordingly, cities have emerged as front-line leaders in the fight against climate change.
Santa Monica has long been a leader in promoting sustainability and tackling climate change. In 2016, we reduced our carbon emissions 20% below 1990 levels, a goal the State of California seeks to achieve by 2020.
We have the tools to achieve carbon neutrality and meet the Paris Climate Agreement by 2050 or sooner, and still our toolkit is expanding. New developments in the energy and mobility industries are pushing the City to innovate and adapt to these new opportunities which will help Santa Monica reach its goals.
This Climate Action & Adaptation Plan looks ahead to the ambitious goals and transformation we need to achieve and lays the groundwork for embracing innovation and disruption. By achieving the objectives laid out in the plan, we will achieve an 80% reduction in our emissions below 1990 levels by 2030. This will give us momentum to achieve carbon neutrality well before 2050.
In addition to reducing emissions, we also recognize the need to adjust to our changing climate and prepare for more frequent and intense climate change impacts. This plan also provides a pathway to enhance our community resilience and infrastructure to be climate ready.
The next few years are critical to reducing our carbon emissions so we can avoid the worst climate change impacts. This transformation will disrupt the status quo and require community investment in the goal and a willingness to change behaviors. This plan is a call to action for our government, businesses, and residents.
Great challenges offer great opportunities. We must be bold, ambitious, and daring. We know that this transition to a carbon-free future will improve our quality of life, our community wellbeing, and our prosperity. We invite you to join us and participate in this communitywide effort.
GLEAM DAVIS, MAYOR
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Cities are on the front lines when it comes to climate
change. Cities are also leading the world in reducing
carbon emissions through aggressive policies and
adoption of clean technologies.
Santa Monica’s Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (Plan)
builds off of its success and legacy as a sustainable
community to move closer to carbon neutrality, by
establishing an interim goal of reducing carbon emissions 80% below 1990 levels by 2030.
The Plan is the product of collaboration and engagement with the public, businesses, stakeholder groups, and
subject matter experts from academia, industry and
interdepartmental staff representatives. It provides an ambitious, community-focused platform to advance
policies that enhance quality of life and wellbeing,
embrace smart city innovation and improve social equity.
The Plan focuses on eight objectives in three sectors to reduce emissions: Zero Net Carbon Buildings, Zero Waste and Sustainable Mobility. Early action is required to avoid significant cost and social and environmental risks to our community. In addition to California's policies, like the Low Carbon Fuel Standard and the Renewable Portfolio
Standard, these actions are estimated to achieve the
Plan's estimated 80% reduction.
7 Between 1990 and 2015, Santa Monica reduced its
emissions by 276,324 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalents (mtCO2e) to achieve 20% below 1990 levels at a rate of 0.8% per year. In order to achieve an 80%
reduction by 2030, Santa Monica would need to reduce
total emissions by about 929,693 mtCO2e, at a rate of over 4% per year, significantly increasing the scale and speed of reductions. This 'bending of the carbon curve' is
essential to meeting the Paris Climate Agreement and
avoiding worsened climate change impacts.
The Plan provides a roadmap to advance the goals across programmatic and departmental lines. In many cases, the actions described also require new community and
regional partnerships to develop and test new strategies that will build on Santa Monica’s leadership role in
sustainability and innovation. These key actions identify what can be accomplished within the next decade to
continue progress toward the goal of achieving carbon
neutrality by 2050 or sooner.
Observed Emissions
80% below 1990 levels
20% below 1990 levels
Climate Action
Reductions
SANTA MONICA'S PATH TO CARBON NEUTRALITY
Annual Carbon Emissions (MMtCo2e)
STATE POLICIES 50% of total reductions
Renewable Portfolio Standard
Low Carbon Fuel Standard
Building Energy Standards
ZERO NET CARBON BUILDINGS 21% of total reductions
Achieve 100% renewable grid electricity
Install 100 MW of local solar energy
Reduce fossil fuel use 20% in existing buildings
Discourage fossil fuels in new buildings
ZERO WASTE 3% of total reductions
Divert 95% of materials from landfills
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY 26% of total reductions
Convert 50% of local trips to foot, bike, scooter &
skateboard
Convert 25% of commuter trips to transit
Convert 50% of vehicles to electric or zero emission
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Packet Pg. 814 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 8 Even if all emissions were eliminated today, we would still see climate change impacts in the future. The chart above shows the anticipated changes, hazards and
impacts Santa Monica may face.
Not everyone will experience climate change the same.
The people who are older, have chronic respiratory
illnesses, are lower on the socio-economic spectrum, or speak English as a second language are likely to be
impacted the hardest by climate change and may be
the least able to adapt and prepare.
The Plan lays out a framework for enhancing Santa
Monica’s resilience to climate change through four
sectors: Climate Ready Community, Water SelfSufficiency, Coastal Flooding Preparedness and Low Carbon Food & Ecosystems. The Plan identifies areas in
local government, community building and support to
augment by including climate change considerations
and adaptation measures.
Increased Temperature
Fluctuations in
Precipitation
Sea Level Rise
Extreme Heat Events
Worsened Air Quality
Increased Drought
Increased Wildfire
Increased Coastal Flooding
GRADUAL CLIMATE CHANGES LOCAL CLIMATE HAZARDS
Heat-related illness or death
Power outages
Asthma & respiratory impacts
Water shortages
Increased utility rates
Property loss & damage
School & business disruption
Transportation impacts
Increased beach tourism & congestion
Crop loss & increased food prices
DIRECT IMPACTS
Through the last two adopted Capital Improvement
Program budgets, Santa Monica has already committed
to spending $383M on climate action and adaptation
projects. Staff estimate that implementation of the plan will cost an additional $800M-$1B over the next 10-12
years, with some projects and programs still not fully
conceived.
The investment by the community to support the Plan
will be many times greater than the City's own costs. The City will need to provide support to residents and
businesses in need of funding to decarbonize their
buildings, vehicles and lifestyles. At the same time, it should discourage carbon-emitting activities through
fee-based systems or carbon taxes to shift community
investment away from fossil fuels to clean technologies.
In order to ensure full implementation of the plan, an
interdepartmental team of city staff in collaboration
with civic leaders must be assembled to maintain
momentum and ensure accountability. Staff will provide
annual progress reports, conduct biennial greenhouse
gas inventories and prepare an update to the plan after 5 years.
This plan provides a pathway to accelerate our historical success to eventually make climate change history. It is also a call to action to residents, community institutions and businesses to take an active part in our transition to a low carbon future and clean economy.
In this process, we will foster a vibrant economy,
increase our resiliency and support Santa Monica’s vision for a livable and sustainable community for generations to come.
Increase community resilience to
climate change
Protect vulnerable groups from
impacts
Integrate climate change impacts
into City planning, operations &
infrastructure projects
Achieve water self-sufficiency by 2023
Enhance natural systems to prevent
damage from coastal flooding
Increase resilience of public and
private assets in coastal flood zone
Increase self-reliance through local
food production
Reduce or sequester carbon emissions
from food production, consumption,
waste and landscape management
and natural processes
CLIMATE READY
COMMUNITY
WATER SELFSUFFICIENCY
COASTAL
FLOODING
PREPAREDNESS
LOW CARBON
FOOD &
ECOSYSTEMS
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Packet Pg. 815 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Cities are uniquely threatened by climate
change and are uniquely positioned to do
something about it.
INTRODUCTION
Cities are on the front lines when it comes to climate change impacts. Cities also have significant roles to play in the fight against climate change.
Santa Monica has long held ambitious sustainability goals and took early actions to meet them. We are on track to becomea water self-sufficient community by 2023 anda zero waste community by 2030. We are also on track to keep peak hour vehicle trips at or below 2009 levels, as targeted in the City's General Plan. All of these efforts contribute to our carbon reduction goals.
Since 1990 we have seena 20% reduction in our carbon emissions. At the same time, we increased local employment by over 50%, demonstrating thata cleaner and more prosperous economy is possible.
An 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 will requirea massive shift in our lifestyles and investments. Deep emissions reductions will need to be achieved ata scale and pace unlike the City has seen before. This plan provides a road map to transition to low-carbon lifestyles and technologies and significantly reduce our fossil fuel consumption.
Even if all emissions were eliminated today, we would still see climate change impacts in the future. This plan also outlinesa strategy to build resilience by developing strategies to prepare, adapt and respond to unavoidable impacts.
By achieving the objectives of this plan, we will be joininga global movement of communities doing their part to fight climate change. Ultimately, the benefits of our actions will be local: we will improve our quality of life and ensurea stable climate for generations to come.
CHANGES BETWEEN
1990-2015
JOBS
UP 51%
EMISSIONS
DOWN 20%
9 In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 or sooner, we are committing to an interim goal of 80% reduction of emissions below 1990 levels by 2030.
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Packet Pg. 816 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) It is 2030, we have reduced our carbon emissions
80% below 1990 levels. All of our electricity comes
from renewable sources. Mobility options are zero
carbon, shared and active, reducing congestion and
air pollution. Nearly all of our waste is reused,
repurposed or recycled.
There is a culture of awareness and action. We
utilize smart city technology and principles to
advance efficiency in our energy and transportation
systems and infrastructure.
Our prosperous economy and quality of life have
benefited from this transformation. We are
connected, equitable and resilient.
OUR CLIMATE
ACTION VISION
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Packet Pg. 817 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CLIMATE LEADERSHIP
PLEDGE &
COMMIT REPORT
LEAD, ADVOCATE &
COLLABORATE
Santa Monica has committed to meeting the goals of the
Paris Climate Agreement to limit global warming below 2 degrees Celsius and pursue action to limit warming to 1.5 degrees. C40's Deadline 2020 Commitment offers a
global pathway of city-level, inclusive climate action, that would put cities on a trajectory consistent with the
ambitions of the Paris Agreement from now until the end of the century.
Meeting this increased ambition requires
transformational actions to reduce transportation
emissions, improve building energy efficiency, increase the supply of green energy, and change consumption
Former Mayor Ted Winterer signing the C40 Deadline
2020 Commitment at the 2018 Global Climate Action
Summit in San Francisco. (Credit: Chris Menges)
patterns, while strengthening the ability to deal with the impacts of climate change through adaptation.
Santa Monica is committed to pursuing aggressive action and publicly reporting our efforts to increase awareness and maintain accountability.
We publicly report our progress and actions through
various platforms and collaborate with local governments around the world to advance best practices in
sustainability and climate action.
10 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 818 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
DEVELOPING THE PLAN
This plan was developed over a 3-year period using extensive analysis, modeling, stakeholder input, and community engagement to ensure buy-in and feasibility.
A Steering Committee representing City staff, local
institutions, community groups and regional experts
provided guidance and feedback throughout the
project
STEERING COMMITTEE
City staff and consultants modeled various scenarios of future carbon emissions, taking into account population changes and statewide policies. The team developed
strategies to estimate the potential carbon reductions of Santa Monica’s future efforts. These measures were
prioritized by the Steering Committee.
EMISSIONS ANALYSIS
Presentations were given at 19 community and
business meetings reaching approximately 300
people. These included various meetings of
neighborhood associations, community
organizations, church groups, business improvement
districts and business events.
Climate Action Santa Monica, a grassroots climate
organization, leads the ‘Climate Corps’ program
offering summer internship and volunteer
opportunities for students and young adults, The
Climate Corps gauge resident and visitors' concerns
about climate change issues and support for the City’s
climate policies.
COMMUNITY PRESENTATIONS
CLIMATE CORPS YOUTH PROGRAM
Augmented reality viewers were installed on the
Santa Monica Pier, providing residents and visitors a
view into a future with sea level rise. Over 10,000
participants were surveyed on their climate change
concerns and adaptation preferences.
SEA LEVEL RISE AUGMENTED REALITY
In 2016, Santa Monica held its first ever Community
Climate Action Summit, inviting residents, visitors and businesses to contribute to the plan. Over 250
individuals participated in the day-long event filled
with expert speakers, interactive workshops, open
discussion and exhibitors. Following on the success of
the Community Climate Action Summit, the City held
ClimateFest in May 2018. The event featured local
experts on climate policy and provided accessible
resources for individual climate action. Over 600
people attended, interacting with various themes of
the plan.
COMMUNITY CLIMATE ACTION SUMMIT
& CLIMATEFEST
12 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 819 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Vulnerable groups are often the least able to access resources and least likely to have a seat at the table when policies are developed. In the transition to a low-carbon future, we must create a future that is accessible to all Santa Monicans.
The policies outlined in this plan will use an equity lens to prioritize the needs of low-income communities and communities of color ensuring the just distribution of the benefits while addressing unequal burdens from climate change.
The people who are the most impacted by climate change and the least likely to be engaged in civic affairs tend to be older, people of color, lower on the socio-economic spectrum, and/or don’t speak English as their native language. Rising temperatures and worsening air quality disproportionately impact these vulnerable populations. Additionally, each of these communities have different needs.
Policy-making and program design must address both the systems that worsen climate change and inequality while reducing the disproportionate impact of climate change on the vulnerable.
Resilience is the ability of a community to withstand chronic stressors or sudden shocks, and grow and thrive beyond; and is a function of both wellbeing and sustainability. Wellbeing and environmental stewardship go hand in hand when fostering a more resilient city and improving quality of life.
Santa Monica’s Wellbeing Index measures individual and community wellbeing to help improve peoples' lives. The Wellbeing Index and the Sustainable City Plan have been integrated into The Framework for a Sustainable City of Wellbeing to guide City decision-making and investments using performance-based metrics.
By strengthening our social connections, mobility systems, buildings and infrastructure, Santa Monica will enhance its ability to withstand and recover from earthquakes, drought and heatwaves.
This plan recommends that the City adopt a Smart City Strategy to advance technologies in City infrastructure and leverage public-private partnerships that foster community goals.
Smart technologies, such as cloud-based sensors for buildings, traffic signals and waste bins, can allow local governments to provide services faster and more efficiently while reducing energy use and carbon emissions.
Smart technologies and infrastructure will create opportunities to improve resource efficiency and performance, while enhancing customer service, safety and wellbeing in the digital age.
SUSTAINABILITY, WELLBEING & RESILIENCE
EQUITY IN CLIMATE ACTION
SMART CITY INNOVATION
Climate change and climate action affects all levels of City government and community issues. A plan that addresses climate change and community resilience is a plan that creates a more livable community.
COMMUNITY THEMES
13 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 820 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
PATHWAY TO CARBON NEUTRALITY
Santa Monica's carbon emissions are generated primarily from fossil fueled transportation and energy use in
buildings.
The City conducted a greenhouse gas (carbon) emissions
inventory to evaluate the impact of the 15x15 Climate
Action Plan (CAP). At the end of 2015, Santa Monica’s
annual emissions had declined by 20% compared to
1990 levels, exceeding the City’s 15% target. The 15x15 CAP actions and State level policies, such as increased renewable energy generation and vehicle fuel efficiency, resulted in the decline.
SANTA MONICA'S
CARBON EMISSION SOURCES (2015)
BUILDING
ENERGY USE
LANDFILLED
WASTE
AVIATION
FUEL
VEHICLE
TRANSPORTATION
30%
3%
2%
64%
Currently, per capita emissions is approximately 11.1
mtCO2e (metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent). If
Santa Monica reduces its emissions to 80% below 1990
levels, per capita emissions would be 2.3 mtCO2e.
A dramatic transformation of our building energy and
transportation systems will be necessary to achieve this significant reduction.
Between 1990 and 2015, Santa Monica
reduced its emissions by 276,324 mtCO2e
to achieve 20% below 1990 levels at a
rate of 0.8% per year.
In order to achieve an 80% reduction by
2030, Santa Monica would need to
reduce total emissions by about 929,693
mtCO2e, at a rate of over 4% per year,
significantly increasing the scale and
speed of reductions. This 'bending of the
carbon curve' is essential to meeting the
Paris Climate Agreement and avoiding
worsened climate change impacts.
These charts (this page and next)
illustrate the relative impact each
Climate Action sector in contributing to
the 2030 target.
BENDING THE CARBON
CURVE
Carbon Emissions (millions mtCO2e)
Observed Emissions
80% below 1990 levels
20% below 1990 levels
SANTA MONICA'S PATH TO CARBON NEUTRALITY
Climate Action
Reductions
(see next page)
14 Annual Carbon Emissions (MMtCo2e)
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 821 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) If left unabated, population and economic growth by 2030 would increase Santa Monica’s emissions.
STATE POLICIES
California's ambitious climate policies (such as
the Renewable Portfolio Standard and vehicle
fuel efficiency standards) are expected to
reduce Santa Monica’s emissions by an
estimated 33% below 1990 levels by 2030.
ZERO NET CARBON BUILDINGS
Achieve 100% renewable grid electricity
Install 100 MW of local solar energy
Reduce fossil fuel use 20% in existing buildings
Discourage fossil fuels in new buildings
ZERO WASTE
Divert 95% of materials from landfills
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
Convert 50% of local trips to foot, bike,
scooter & skateboard
Convert 25% of commuter trips to transit
Convert 50% of vehicles to electric or zero
emission
BUSINESS-AS-USUAL
21%
50% 3%
26%
Projected Carbon Emissions (mtCO2e)
SANTA MONICA
PROJECTED CARBON EMISSIONS
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
ZERO WASTE
SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
STATE POLICIES
CLIMATE ACTION
REDUCTIONS
232,035 mtCO2e
27,847 mtCO2e
289,837 mtCO2e
547,786 mtCO2e
Target: 80% below 1990 levels
BUSINESS-AS-USUAL
15 (metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent or mtCO2e)
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 822 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
PLAN AT A GLANCE
The CAAP is a guiding document that provides overarching policy direction to achieve the interim goal of an 80% reduction in emissions by 2030 and to increase Santa Monica's resilience to climate change hazards and impacts. This plan supports and enhances many existing plans and initiatives within the City. The CAAP also suggests new plans and actions to supplement ongoing efforts and create new initiatives.
16 CLIMATE ADAPTATION
ZERO NET
CARBON
BUILDINGS
Convert 50% of local trips to foot, bike, scooter
& skateboard
Convert 25% of commuter trips to transit
Convert 50% of vehicles to electric or zero
emission
SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
ZERO WASTE Divert 95% of materials from landfills
WATER
SELF-SUFFICIENCY
COASTAL
FLOODING
PREPAREDNESS
LOW CARBON
FOOD &
ECOSYSTEMS
CLIMATE ACTION
SECTOR OBJECTIVES
SECTOR OBJECTIVES
SUPPORTING EFFORT
Achieve 100% renewable grid electricity
Install 100 MW of local solar energy
Reduce fossil fuel use 20% in existing buildings
Discourage fossil fuels in new buildings
Zero net energy for new residential
construction (2017)
Mandatory solar for new commercial
construction (2017)
Land Use & Circulation Element
(2010)
Bike Action Plan (2011)
Pedestrian Action Plan (2016)
Electric Vehicle Action Plan (2017)
Plastic Bag Ban (2011)
Zero Waste Strategic Operations
Plan (2014)
Disposable Food Serviceware
Ordinance (2018)
All Hazards Mitigation Plan (2015)
Santa Monica Organizations Active
in Disaster (2018)
Water Neutrality Ordinance (2017)
Sustainable Water Master Plan (2018)
Local Coastal Program Land Use
Plan (2018)
Urban Forest Master Plan (2015)
SUPPORTING EFFORT
Increase community resilience to climate
change
Protect vulnerable groups from impacts
Integrate climate change impacts into City
planning, operations & infrastructure projects
Achieve water self-sufficiency by 2023
Enhance natural systems to prevent damage
from coastal flooding
Increase resilience of public and private assets
in the coastal flood zone
Increase self-reliance through local food
production
Reduce or sequester carbon emissions from
food production, consumption, waste and
landscape management and natural
processes
CLIMATE READY
COMMUNITY
The CAAP is not an element of the City’s General Plan or a regulatory document for the purposes of streamlining the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) process. Any policy or ordinance described in the CAAP must be developed and adopted through a public review process.
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 823 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
HOW TO READ THE PLAN
STRATEGIES & ACTIONS
COST TO CITY
The general approach, programs, policies and steps that help achieve each Objective.
Cost to the City represents the direct costs that may be borne by the City, currently not allocated or budgeted
within the existing operating budget, to implement the
programs, policies and steps. Costs include consultants, new programs, incentives and grants, and infrastructure. Does not consider potential for outside sources of funds.
High Capital Cost; Requires large one-time
investment or sustained investment; outside
sources of funding necessary
Medium Cost; Potential funding through Capital
improvement Program, may be supported with
outside funding
Low or No Cost; potential funding from existing
budget
ZNC1: Implement a Community Choice Energy (CCE)
Program
OSE
R
G
Initiated
SUSTAINABLE LOCAL ENERGY
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
CPA
Implement CCE in Santa Monica, offering the highest
amount of cost-competitive renewable energy. Develop
programs to incentivize new local renewable-energy
projects. Adopt rates to achieve 100% renewable energy
by 2025.
Large Reduction
Medium Reduction
Small Reduction
Marginal
Reduction
CARBON REDUCTION POTENTIAL
Each Action displays a potential reduction in carbon
emissions. Reduction potential was approximated relative to each sector and is presented using a 1 to 4 scale.
PARTNERS
City division, non-City entity or community sector
responsible for supporting implementation,
collaboration, evaluation and reporting of action.
LEAD
City division responsible for leading implementation,
collaboration, evaluation and reporting of action.
ASD
BBB
BM
BSD
CCS
CED
CPD
CRD
EDD
FD
FIN
FacMD
FMD
HD
HSD
ISD
MD
OEM
OSE
OWB
PLD
PWD
RRR
WRD
= Architecture Services Division
= Big Blue Bus
= Beach Manager
= Building & Safety Division
= Community & Cultural Services Department
= Civil Engineering Division
= City Planning Division
= Community Recreation Division
= Economic Development Division
= Fleet Division
= Finance Department
= Facilities Maintenance Division
= Farmers Market Division
= Housing Division
= Human Services Division
= Information Systems Department
= Mobility Division
= Office of Emergency Management
= Office of Sustainability & the Environment
= Office of Civic Wellbeing
= Public Landscape Division
= Public Works Department
= Resource Recovery & Recycling Division
= Water Resources Division
CITY DEPARTMENTS & DIVISIONS
= Local businesses, property owners
= California Department of Transportation
= California Coastal Commission
= California Energy Commission
= Clean Power Alliance of Southern California
= California Public Utilities Commission
= Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transportation Authority
= Metropolitan Water District
= Local environmental/sustainability organizations
= South Coast Air Quality Management District
= Southern California Edison, Southern California
Gas Company
= Santa Monica College, Santa Monica-Malibu
Unified School District, private schools, teachers
Business
Caltrans
CCC
CEC
CPA
CPUC
Metro
MWD
Nonprofits
SQAMD
Utilities
Schools
NON-CITY PARTNERS
COMMUNITY BENEFITS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 Details on next page.
STATUS OR TIMEFRAME
Near term = 0-2 years
Mid term = 2-5 years
Long term = 5+ years
17 13
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 824 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
COMMUNITY BENEFITS
Actions and policies that prevent and prepare for climate change also reduce pollution, improve public health and support a local green economy that benefits the entire community. This plan will seek to achieve not only the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, but also address community concerns such as systemic inequities, sources of negative public health issues and community cohesion. Nearly all of the Actions in this plan generate additional community benefits and support the City's Framework for a Sustainable City of Wellbeing (Framework).
Advances Smart City Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings, Local
Investment and Jobs
Enhances Environmental Quality
Meets Paris Climate Agreement
Action has high carbon reduction potential
to reduce emissions necessary to meet 1.5C
global warming limit of the Paris Climate
Agreement.
Action supports deployment of smart
city technology in City operations and
private sector.
Action requires investment in local
projects and programs, creating local
green jobs. Action may also yield cost
savings from utilities, transportation costs
or avoided waste. May support Economic
Opportunity outcomes and metrics from
the Framework.
Action has potential to foster green
spaces & infrastructure and/or improve air
quality, habitat & biodiversity, May
support Place & Planet outcomes and
metrics from the Framework.
Potential to Address Equity
G
City Government Leadership
R
Enhances Community Resilience
Improves Public Health & Safety
Action has potential to reduce
environmental injustice or be designed
and implemented to prioritize unequally
burdened and vulnerable populations.
Action has potential to increase resilience
of buildings & infrastructure and/or
people through social networks and
increased capacity.
Action has potential to improve public
health through improved environmental
quality, increased access to healthy food,
reduced pollution. Action may also
improve public safety through energy
resilience, and protected pedestrian &
biking infrastructure. May support Health
and Safety outcomes and metrics from the
Framework.
City of Santa Monica will implement action
in City operations to demonstrate
leadership to the community and beyond.
Credit: William Short
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 825 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CLIMATE ACTION
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
Achieve 100% renewable grid
electricity
Install 100 MW of local solar energy
Reduce fossil fuel use 20% in
existing buildings
Discourage fossil fuels in new
buildings
ZERO WASTE Divert 95% of materials from
landfills
SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
Convert 50% of local trips to foot,
bike, scooter & skateboard
Convert 25% of commuter trips to
transit
Convert 50% of vehicles to electric
or zero emission
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 826 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
2030 OBJECTIVES
Achieve 100% renewable grid electricity
Install 100 MW of local solar energy
Reduce fossil fuel use in existing
buildings by 20%
Discourage use of fossil fuels in new
buildings
OF TOTAL
REDUCTIONS
21%
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 827 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
Buildings generate 30% of Santa Monica's total
carbon emissions from their use of energy.
Electricity is generated from a mixture of fossil fuel
and renewable energy sources, and natural gas is
used for cooking, water and space heating.
In 2017, Santa Monica became the first city in the
world to require that newly constructed homes
generate as much energy as they consume. This
Zero Net Energy (ZNE) requirement still allowed for
the use of natural gas.
In 2019, Santa Monica started to receive 100%
renewable energy from the Clean Power Alliance.
This action has the potential to reduce the city's
emissions by 19% from present day. (See next page)
As the grid supply of electricity becomes cleaner,
the next carbon source to eliminate is natural gas.
The majority of natural gas is consumed by
residents for cooking, and space and water heating.
In order to “decarbonize’ our buildings over time,
switching natural gas systems to electric powered
by renewable energy is essential. This is also known
as fuel switching or building electrification.
Electric appliances for water and space heating can
be cost effective and efficient, while providing
health and safety benefits through reduced indoor
air pollution. Targeted incentives, regulations and
educational resources will be essential to
transforming the way we heat our buildings and
water.
Where fuel switching is not viable, the City could
explore alternative and renewable sources of gas —
like landfill gas and waste-to-energy gas— or
requiring the use of offsets or in lieu fees for carbon reduction projects.
Reducing building energy use remains a priority to
reduce costs and increase the resilience of
buildings. Currently less than 2% of Santa Monica’s
electricity needs are met by solar systems on local
rooftops. Increasing local solar will require
addressing energy efficiency as well as advanced
systems like district energy heating and cooling
systems, microgrids and battery storage.
While new construction provides opportunities for
innovation, the greatest potential for emissions
reductions lies in the buildings that are already
standing.
In order to reduce energy use and carbon emissions
in buildings, building owners first need to
understand their energy use. In 2018, the California
Energy Commission implemented AB 802
requiring buildings over 50,000 square feet to
benchmark their energy use. The City will
implement similar requirements for buildings over
20,000 square feet and include carbon reduction
targets for specific sectors.
In addition to regulations to disclose energy use and
carbon emissions, public-private partnerships will be
essential to increase the scale and speed of
improving energy performance in existing buildings.
The City will work with small and large property
owners to increase the demand for sustainable
energy retrofit services. Working together will
reduce the costs to individual property owners.
Web-based technologies and smart appliances will
also provide an opportunity to promote energyefficient behaviors and advance smart grid technology. Individuals and businesses could soon
be able to respond in real time to price signals for
beneficial energy behaviors.
TRANSFORMING THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
GETTING TO ZERO NET CARBON
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
OF COMMUNITY
EMISSION SOURCES
(2015)
30% BUILDINGS
CONTRIBUTE
21 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 828 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) WHAT IS ENERGY RESILIENCE?
What does it mean to be "energy resilient”? Although there are many definitions of the concept, they all share the fundamental idea that energy supply should always meet energy demand and that energy supply needs to be constant – there can be no interruptions in the service.
Solar generates energy that can be used in buildings or fed back into the utility grid saving utility costs. But what happens during a power outage? To assume that a solar system would still work during a power outrage would be wrong.
Solar systems also need to be equipped with battery storage and a disconnect switch, which would allow buildings to store energy generated by the solar system, and then safely disconnect from the utility grid during a power outage, in order to operate independently.
What about natural gas? Gas-fired furnaces, boilers and space heaters produce heat by burning fuel oil or natural gas.
However, they too rely on electricity to distribute heated fluid or heated air. The control systems for these appliances may also require electricity. Some gas water heaters still rely on electricity and would only be able to supply the hot water remaining in the reservoir during a power outage.
Having the ability to generate, store and use energy independent of the utility grid, particularly during power outages that may be caused by extreme heat, wildfire or earthquakes, can help improve community resilience. If you already own a solar system, consider enhancing it with battery storage.
Diagram from EnergySage
1 Energy generated by solar panels is transmitted through the inverter into the battery for storage. 2 3
Energy from the battery passes through the inverter to the electric panel, which then supplies the building.
During a power outage, a disconnect switch (not pictured here) would disconnect the building electric panel from the utility meter and the utility grid.
1 2
3 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 829 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) ZNC2: Adopt a Sustainable Energy Master Plan
CPD, ASD Near Term
ZNC3: Pilot and Promote Distributed Energy Resources
ASD, CPA,
SCE
Ongoing
ZNC4: Increase Local Solar for Residential and
Commercial Tenants
ACTIONS
OSE
OSE
OSE CPA, SCE Near Term
Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
ZNC1: Implement a Community Choice Energy (CCE)
Program
OSE
R
G
Initiated
SUSTAINABLE LOCAL ENERGY
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
CPA
Implement CCE in Santa Monica, offering the highest
amount of cost-competitive renewable energy. Develop
programs to incentivize new local renewable-energy
projects. Adopt rates to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2025.
R
G
Develop a plan identifying citywide energy needs; and
systems or programs that meet local energy needs and
reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the neighborhood or
district level. Potential projects include microgrids, district energy systems, and community solar.
Pilot technologies like energy storage, vehicle-to-grid charging stations, web-enabled devices and microgrids
within City facilities evaluate their ability to reduce utility costs and carbon emissions.
R
G
Develop and advocate for programs and resources tailored to addressing the barriers faced by residential and
commercial tenants to installing renewable energy that
benefits their leased spaces.
R
G
Cost to City
In February 2019, Southern California took a big step toward a clean energy future. The Clean Power Alliance of Southern California (CPA) started serving Santa Monica residents, along with 30 cities and the counties of Ventura and Los Angeles, with electricity sourced from a higher content of renewable energy sources. Santa Monica’s residents and businesses (in May 2019) receive a default 100% renewable electricity.
CPA is the largest Community Choice Energy (CCE) program in California. CCE allows local governments to aggregate the buying power of individual customers to get alternative energy on a community-wide scale. CCE will play a critical role in accelerating the adoption of clean energy by creating programs that will support local renewable energy, building electrification and electric vehicles.
ZNC5: Adopt a Carbon Reduction Ordinance for
Existing Buildings
OSE Near Term
CPD, EDD,
Business,
Utilities,
CPA, CEC
R
G
Adopt a Carbon Reduction Ordinance to require energy
benchmarking and carbon performance of existing
buildings over 20,000 sq ft, including multifamily buildings.
Require a reduction of fossil fuel use of covered buildings by 15% in five years and elimination of fossil fuel use by 2050.
EXISTING BUILDING EFFICIENCY
CLEAN POWER COMES TO SANTA MONICA How Community Choice Energy (CCE) Works
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 830 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
R
G
ZNC8: Adopt Carbon Neutral Construction Codes
CPD, BSD,
CEC, CCC OSE Mid Term
Require New Construction for commercial, mixed-use and
multi-family properties to achieve zero net carbon onsite or pay in-lieu carbon impact fee to offset fossil fuel use.
Require electric-ready construction for future electrification of appliances and buildings systems. Ensure that affordable housing developers have additional financing or
compliance alternatives available. Require new residential construction for single-family homes to use only electric appliances and building systems or pay in-lieu fee to
support more local renewable energy and electrification projects.
R
G
ZNC9: Convert Existing Natural Gas Equipment &
Appliances to Electric
CPA, SCE,
Business OSE Mid Term
Develop programs, resources and incentives to support
gas-to-electric conversion of appliances, hot-water
heaters and HVAC systems. Establish electrification
retrofit upon sale requirements for low-rise residential, and small multifamily and commercial buildings. Where
electrification of appliances is infeasible, or not a
customer choice, then a methane alternative such as
renewable natural gas could be an option.
R
G
ZNC10: Provide Educational & Workforce Cleantech
Opportunities
Partner with Santa Monica College and Santa Monica- OSE SCG Mid Term Malibu Unified School District to offer professional
development opportunities in the clean energy economy.
R
G
ZNC11: Create Equitable Access to Clean Energy
Programs
Partner with utilities and the Clean Power Alliance to OSE SCG Mid Term provide free home-energy audits and upgrade incentives
for low-income households and affordable housing
developers and property owners.
ESTIMATED 2030 NET ZERO CARBON BUILDINGS REDUCTIONS
ESTIMATED PERCENT OF TOTAL 2030 REDUCTIONS
232,035 mtCO2e
21%
ZNC6: Implement a Resilient Building Retrofit
Accelerator Program
R
G
ZNC7: Implement a Green Leasing Program
EDD,
Business OSE Near Term
OSE Near Term
CPD, EDD,
Business,
Utilities,
CPA, CCC
R
G
Develop an accelerator program to streamline the
delivery of energy retrofit services and technologies for public and private buildings. Reduce capital costs for
property owners by offering financing options and bulkpurchasing of technologies and services, Create partnerships to increase the speed and scale of energyretrofit measures across the city. Prioritize assistance to owners with fewer resources and less technical ability, including smaller buildings and nonprofits.
Develop a green leasing program to provide assistance
and incentives for introducing leases that support
investment in energy efficiency measures. Partner with
local stakeholders to engage commercial and residential property managers.
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
EXISTING BUILDING EFFICIENCY Lead Timeframe
BUILDING ELECTRIFICATION
EQUITY THROUGH ENERGY
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 831 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO WASTE
95% of waste is diverted from the
landfill
2030 OBJECTIVE
OF TOTAL
REDUCTIONS
3%
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 832 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO WASTE
Becoming a zero waste community means
rethinking the way we consume and manage
materials and goods throughout their entire
lifecycle.
Santa Monica aims to eliminate landfilled waste
through reducing the amount of waste generated,
reducing consumption, limiting waste generation
and increasing recycling and composting.
Daily decisions to use reusable bags, bottles and
utensils can add up to a big impact. Limiting the
use of disposable goods will reduce the use of
natural resources, the strain on our waste
management infrastructure and the littering in
our neighborhoods and on our beaches.
Local regulations, like the City's single use plastic
bag and single use plastic food service ware bans,
have proven to be successful in changing and
individuals' behaviors and shifting markets away
from single use disposable products.
Education and awareness are essential to
ensuring everyone understands how they can
contribute to the solution by providing them
resources to be successful. Proper diversion
systems like collection bins and signage are also
crucial to support the needs of residents and
businesses, while ensuring proper separation of
recycling and organics streams.
“TO ROT OR NOT” MAIN STREET
PILOT
In 2016, City of Santa Monica piloted an organicsrecycling program called “To Rot or Not” on Main Street with participation of 172 businesses. This
program improved the way restaurants dispose of
their food waste by giving businesses two containers.
One is the “Rot” container which consists of materials
that breakdown naturally and can be composted. The
“Not” container is comprised of materials that cannot
breakdown naturally like aluminum, ceramics, and
sponges. These items are recycled or sorted for
landfill disposal.
This simplifies the material streams and reduces
contamination - or placement of non-recyclable or
non-compostable items in a recycling or composting
container.
ZERO WASTE
COMPOST: THE NEXT FRONTIER
Organic materials, like food scraps and yard waste,
are extremely valuable natural resources that can be
transformed into earth-enriching compost. However,
businesses and residents have historically been
provided limited options to sort and manage their
organic materials.
State regulations now require all commercial
properties and large residential properties to utilize
composting services.
To help residents and businesses, Santa Monicabased Global Green conducted waste audits, and provided food scrap pails, educational materials,
outreach and program implementation assistance for
apartment dwellers. The "Eco-Ambassador" program
is now being scaled up to include restaurants,
connecting unused food to community pantries.
3%
LANDFILLED WASTE
CONTRIBUTES
OF COMMUNITY
EMISSION SOURCES
(2015)
Eco-Ambassadors Program trains residents to
compost kitchen scraps (Source: Global Green)
26 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 833 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
ELIMINATE LANDFILL WASTE
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
ZW1: Implement Citywide Organics Recycling
RRR OSE Near Term
Require waste diversion stations (trash, recycling,
composting) in all businesses. Develop outreach and
enforcement programs to ensure commercial and
residential organics recycling citywide.
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
Residents and businesses have the power to influence a global system that delivers the goods, foods, services - and by extension, the carbon - that they consume. Through our purchasing and consumption habits, we can reduce these emissions occurring elsewhere. Climate change happens on a global scale, so emissions reduced in another country or region is equally important as emissions reduced locally.
There are two lenses that cities can use to look at emissions:
● A sector-based inventory attributes all emissions to the location where the emissions occur. This is the recognized global standard for emissions reporting and action.
● A consumption-based inventory includes the emissions resulting from all consumption activities of a local community of residents. It attributes all emissions to the end consumer, including all emissions released along the supply chain. This is an emerging initiative that takes broader stock of a community’s climate impacts.
Research by C40, indicates that consumption-based carbon emissions are approximately 60 percent greater than the emissions generated within city boundaries. While cities do not have direct control over the embodied emissions of most goods and products, they do have many opportunities to design and promote more sustainable urban lifestyles that can help reduce these consumption-based emissions. As work on climate action expands at the City, opportunities to reduce embodied emissions and shift to low carbon consumption patterns will be explored.
THE CARBON WE CONSUME
Overlap between consumption-based emission
inventories and sector-based emission inventories
(Source: C40)
The chart on the left shows Santa Monica's
consumption-based emissions by zip code.
The emissions were estimated using the
U.C. Berkeley Cool Climate Network
methodology and local data where
available. The household footprints include
all direct and indirect greenhouse gas
emissions resulting from the life cycle of
energy, transportation, water, waste, food,
goods and services consumed by
households in a calendar year, in this case
2015.
Generally, people with higher income tend to
spend more money on goods, services and
transportation (especially air travel). People
with lower income tend to live in smaller
dwellings, accumulate less and take public
transportation regularly.
AVERAGE CONSUMPTION-BASED CARBON EMISSIONS
PER HOUSEHOLD
Annual Carbon Emissions
(mtCO2e)
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 834 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
ELIMINATE LANDFILL WASTE
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
ZW11: Explore Waste-to-Energy Conversion
Technologies
OSE Mid Term Pilot decentralized systems that convert locally collected organic waste into usable energy or byproducts, like
compost.
RRR
ESTIMATED 2030 ZERO WASTE REDUCTIONS
ESTIMATED PERCENT OF TOTAL 2030 REDUCTIONS
27,847 mtCO2e
3%
R
G
ZW3: Institute Wet-Dry Sorting System for Businesses
RRR OSE Mid Term
Implement a wet-dry program that collects wet organic
waste separately from dry recyclable waste to more
businesses in order to increase waste diversion.
R
G ZW4: Implement Pricing Signals to Increase Diversion
RRR Mid Term Explore fees and fines to create more incentives for recycling and composting and discourage landfill waste.
R
G
ZW5: Increase Construction and Demolition Debris
Diversion Requirements
Explore fees and fines to create more incentives for RRR Mid Term recycling, composting and salvage, while discouraging
landfill waste. Provide educational resources to promote responsible demolition and deconstruction.
R
G
ZW6: Implement Material and Landfill Bans
OSE Mid Term
Ban divertible materials, such as yard waste and foods, from trash containers. Also keep out materials that cause litter, such as straws and other single-use items.
R
G
ZW7: Expand the Reuse and Repair Economy
RRR Mid Term
Expand programs like the Citywide Annual Yard Sale and
quarterly Repair Cafes to avoid wasting goods that are
lightly used or damaged. Develop new programs like
lending libraries for tools. Promote reusable wares for restaurants and individuals.
R
G
ZW8: Foster a Food Waste Prevention Network
OSE Mid Term
Convene businesses, non-profits and institutions to develop systems, networks and infrastructure to prevent food waste by fostering connections between sources of unwanted food and communities in need. Partner with local businesses, restaurants, grocery stores and non-profits to reduce food waste and recover edible food through networking and
smart phone applications. Develop and maintain a map of fruit and nut trees to connect gleaners and foragers.
RRR, FMD,
Business,
Nonprofits
R
G
ZW9: Incentivize Reusable Containers and Packaging
OSE Mid Term
Promote and require packaging materials that are
compostable and recyclable. Incentivize grocery stores to sell bulk food to customers. Incentivize customers to bring their own reusable bags to the grocery store. Pilot
standardized to-go reusable container system for takeout.
RRR
OSE
R
G
ZW10: Support and Pilot Extended Producer
Responsibility Programs
Participate in campaigns and pilot programs that offer OSE Mid Term solutions for hard-to-recycle items, like mattresses and furniture.
RRR
R
G
ZW2: Zero Waste Outreach & Education
OSE,
Nonprofits,
Schools
RRR Ongoing
increase material sorting compliance in multiunit
dwellings and businesses through education, waste
audits, and enforcement. Recommend ways to reduce
consumption and increase composting and recycling.
REUSE ECONOMY
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 835 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
Convert 50% of local trips to foot, bike,
scooter or skateboard
Convert 25% of commuter trips to transit
Convert 50% of personal vehicles to
electric or zero emission
2030 OBJECTIVES
OF TOTAL
REDUCTIONS
26%
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 836 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
A NEW MODEL OF MOBILITY
Vehicle transportation contributes over 60% of
Santa Monica’s total carbon emissions.
According to field observations and resident
surveys, driving alone accounts for almost twothirds of all vehicle trips. Nearly one third of residential trips are one mile or shorter.
Increasing walking and biking can make
meaningful progress toward reducing emissions
and congestion in Santa Monica.
People are looking for new travel options with
less time in the car, lower cost and more
convenience. Now more than ever, people have
many mobility choices for local trips, whether on
train, foot, by bikeshare or even by electric
scooters. Mobility services can offer a safe and
convenient experience while reducing vehicle
use and emissions.
Local policies, infrastructure and incentives need
to encourage safety, convenience and affordable
options to all members of the community. This
will help residents lead car-lite or even car-free
lifestyles which help reduce vehicle trips and
emissions. Having convenient transit options will
shift away from historical subsidies to driving
through reallocating roadway space, using
pricing incentives, and emphasizing roadway
space efficiencies.
Mobility options are increasingly diverse, and
Santa Monica can lead in creating and
encouraging options, whether privately or
publicly operated.
SAFE STREETS FOR ALL
Santa Monica has actively created new bike
lanes, revised bus routes, and made streets more
walkable. But many residents still cite a sense of
vulnerability when walking and biking, frustration
with vehicle speeds and yielding to pedestrians,
and a desire for more short-distance on demand
services to support transit use.
Creating safer streets through protected and
connected pedestrian and biking facilities will be
key to facilitating walking and biking as primary
transportation options for people of all ages and
abilities. In 2016, the City council adopted a
Vision Zero target for roadway safety (see call
out).
SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
In addition to shifting people out of vehicles,
vehicles that remain on the road must transition
to electric or zero-emission technologies in order
to achieve significant emission reductions.
One major barrier is the lack of charging
infrastructure available for those who live in
apartment buildings and condos.
The City’s Electric Vehicle Action Plan provides a
strategic approach to supporting electric
vehicles for residents and commuters.
Expanding charging infrastructure will be key to
providing low-carbon fuel to the masses.
In 2015, the Big Blue Bus (BBB) reduced its
emissions from petroleum-based natural gas to
100% landfill methane gas. By 2020, BBB will
initiate a transition to electric buses to further
reduce its carbon footprint.
DECARBONIZED TRANSPORTATION
Santa Monica’s 2016 Pedestrian Action Plan
included the ambitious goal to reduce and
ultimately eliminate fatal and severe injuries
from roadway crashes known as “Vision Zero.”
Reaching this goal will require thoughtful
design and actions that affect the design of the
roadways, the behavior of roadway users,
enforcement of safety rules, and outreach
efforts..
Vision Zero will affect how we design, use, and
manage roadways and prioritize the safety of
pedestrians and other low-carbon emitting
road users.
SAFETY IN NUMBERS:
GETTING TO VISION ZERO
64%
VEHICLE
TRANSPORTATION
CONTRIBUTES
OF COMMUNITY
EMISSION SOURCES
(2015)
30 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 837 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
A CAR-FREE FUTURE
Living car-free is easier now than ever with a
wide variety of shared mobility and transit
options. Continuous focus on enabling car-free
and care-lite households will continue to make
sustainable transportation achievable for more
types of needs and households. Simultaneously
this supports wellbeing through increased
physical activity and reduced household cost
burdens.
The Land Use & Circulation Element (adopted
2010, updated 2015) sought to reduce vehicle
trips and carbon emissions and proactive
transportation measures. Over time, this will
encourage reduced vehicle ownership.
Programs like the Transportation Demand
Management Ordinance have increased tripreduction requirements for medium and large employers, and there are resources to help
businesses implement trip reduction plans.
Policies to increase the cost of driving and
parking will deter solo-driving and encourage
sustainable transportation. These policies must
be implemented so as not to disproportionately
impact lower-income populations. Additionally,
the City must consider the financial impacts
from historically reliable revenue sources like
parking fees.
Autonomous vehicles could offer an electrified
and shared option for some mobility needs, but
needs to be guided by proactive sustainable
policy and carefully managed to reduce vehicle
congestion, reduce vehicle miles traveled, and
keep roadways safe for all users.
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
32 WALKING & BIKING
TRANSIT
MOBILITY SERVICES &
DEVICES
ZERO EMISSION
VEHICLES
FOSSIL FUEL
VEHICLES
Hierarchy of Preferred Mobility Options
A CLEAN MOVING ECONOMY
Trucks used for the movement of goods across
the region and state account for roughly 2-3% of
average daily trips along the 10 freeway. The
California Department of Transportation,
estimates that truck traffic will increase by 50%
by 2025, with no additional road capacity to
accommodate them.
Additionally, short distance delivery vehicles for
retail delivery increase local congestion as ecommerce and online shopping continues to grow.
In 2009, there was a single daily internet
purchase delivery for every 25 Americans. Today,
there’s one for every eight Americans. That
traffic is anticipated to double again by 2023 .
Today’s city streets and transportation networks
simply were not designed to handle this
additional flood of packages and freight trucks,
especially with the added pressure of next-day
or, in some cases, next-hour, delivery.
While the City has limited influence over
internet retailers and delivery services, it does
have an ability to allocate facilities and curb
space to make delivery and pick-up systems
more efficient for drivers and customers.
Systems like pick up lockers can reduce idling
for delivery trucks and package theft.
The City will need to explore systems and
partnerships that will reduce vehicle congestion,
encourage appropriate use of street and curb
space and reduce emissions from delivery
vehicles.
1. Professor José Holguín-Veras, Center of Excellence for Sustainable Urban Freight Systems at New York’s Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. 1 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 838 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
Mobility hubs are strategically
located transfer points that
feature facilities for multiple
transportation modes (such as
bikesharing, carsharing, and
transit) combined in one location.
MOBILITY HUB
MOBILITY DICTIONARY
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY
Provides members with access to
a vehicle for short-term – usually
by the hour – use. Carshare
systems can publicly operated,
privately operated, or peer-topeer, one-way, round-trip, or floating in nature.
CARSHARING
Provides member with access to
a bike for short-term - usually by
the minute - use. Bikeshare
systems can be publicly operated,
privately operated, peer-to-peer,
docked, dock-light, or dockless.
BIKESHARING
Involves adding additional
passengers to a trip that will
already take place. Such an
arrangement provides additional
transportation options for riders
while allowing drivers to fill
otherwise empty seats in their
vehicles.
CARPOOLING/
RIDE-SHARING/
VANPOOLING
Connects passengers with drivers
through online platforms who
use personal, non-commercial
vehicles.
RIDE-SOURCING/
RIDE-HAILING
Mobility solutions that are
consumed as a service. a
consumer-centric model of
people transportation. Travelers
are offered mobility solutions
based on their travel needs and
typically includes some sort of
journey planning.
MOBILITY AS A
SERVICE (MAAS)
Devices like bikes, electric bikes,
electric motor scooters, and
electric scooters are shared
among users. They are typically
enabled by technology or mobile
app, and emerging services are
frequently run by private
companies.
DOCKLESS
MOBILITY DEVICES
Technology-enabled private
shuttle services, serve passengers
using dynamically generated
routes, usually between
designated stop locations rather
than door-to-door.
MICROTRANSIT
The landscape of mobility-as-a-service is changing almost every month. With so many options, you don't even need to own a vehicle! Before you go, know the lingo! 30 An innovative transportation
concept where all consumers can
access mobility, goods, and
services on demand by
dispatching or using shared
mobility, delivery services, and
public transportation solutions
through an integrated and
connected multi-modal network.
The most advanced forms of MOD
passenger services incorporate trip
planning and booking, real-time
information, and fare payment
into a single user interface.
MOBILITY ON
DEMAND
Sources: Shared Use Mobility Center; Susan
Shaheen, PhD
A vehicle that is capable of
sensing its environment and
moving with little or no human
input. Vehicles can feature
various levels of sophistication
and independence in
automation.
AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLES
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 839 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
A NEW MODEL OF MOBILITY
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
SM1: Adopt a New Mobility Strategy
MD Near Term
Develop and adopt policies to govern local mobility
services, designate underutilized street space, adapt to technology innovations, implement pricing strategies
and foster regional integration.
R
G
SM2: Expand & Diversify Mobility Services & Devices
MD Business Near Term
Diversify Breeze fleet to include electric bicycles and offer options for people with different access and functional needs. Partner with operators of dockless devices to
expand mobility options that are safe, convenient and
affordable, and provide options for people with different needs. Improve shared-mobility services through open
marketplace opportunities, permitting systems, dedicated infrastructure and payment platforms that integrate
multimodal planning.
R
G
SM3: Expand Mobility Infrastructure
Business Near to Mid
Term
MD
Develop strategies and projects to use curb space as mobility hubs that can serve mobility-service providers.
Integrate smart-sensing and smart-charging technologies to monitor, inform and enable activities, like congestion pricing. Create tools to maximize street capacity and
efficiency for people.
R
G
SM4: Implement Parking Policies & Pricing
MD Near Term
Continue to actively review and adjust parking prices
citywide as market rates change, and revisit parking
management and construction policies to encourage
sharing existing resources. Analyze financial impacts and develop alternatives to decreased revenue from parking fees.
R
G
SM6: Complete Streets Network
MD Ongoing
Increase the extent and quality of the complete street
network and greenways to ensure residents and visitors
alike have safe, convenient, and affordable transportation options. Create designated bike lanes that are protected to provide greater safety and assurance for all riders.
Emphasize the movement of people with greater space
dedicated to space efficient and low emission modes of
transportation. Lower speed limits to improve safety.
Expand publicly owned spaces and work with property
owners to facilitate public access.
PCD,
PWD
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
SAFE STREETS FOR ALL
R
G
SM5: Sustainable Goods Movement & Delivery Services
Mid to Long
Term MD
Assess the local impacts of long distance and urban
delivery systems and vehicles on street capacity,
congestion and carbon emissions. Facilitate partnerships to explore ways to reduce delivery trips, prioritize bicycle delivery and smaller vehicles, idling while loading/
unloading and emissions from delivery vehicles.
Business
R
G
SM7: Expand Safe Routes Programs
MD Ongoing Expand the Safe Routes to School program to reach more schools, including private schools, and continue to pursue a Safe Routes for Seniors program.
Schools,
Nonprofits
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 840 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
CONNECTED TRANSIT
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
R
G
SM9: Prioritize Mass Transit Services
Mid to Long
Term
MD
Support public mass transit through infrastructure and
service improvements. Dedicate lanes during rush hour
to Rapid Transit services. Advocate for regional
connectivity projects, like the Purple Line Extension and Bus Rapid Transit. Work with regional partners to expand the development of Bus Rapid Transit facilities
throughout the City.
R
G
SM10: Expand Citywide Transportation
Management Organization
MD Ongoing
Increase the scope of offerings and resources available via the TMO to employees/employers, residents, and visitors in order to increase the reach and impact of existing
transportation programs, facilities, and services.
R
G
SM11: Offer Incentives for Transit & Mobility Services
BBB Near Term
Increase ridership, mobility access and equity by
subsidizing fares for sustainable modes of transportation like transit, vanpool, carpool and micro-transit services, for youth, students, seniors and other underserved groups.
MD,
SCAQMD
ESTIMATED 2030 SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY REDUCTIONS
ESTIMATED PERCENT OF TOTAL 2030 REDUCTIONS
289,837 mtCO2e
26%
BBB,
Metro
G
SM8: Prioritize Transit-Oriented Affordable Housing
Ongoing CPD,
HD
Increase the housing-to-jobs ratio by prioritizing the
expansion and investment in affordable housing located
near dense transit hubs with limited parking, through
local zoning and incentives.
R
Nonprofits,
Business
SAFE STREETS FOR ALL
R G
SM12: Increase Charging Infrastructure for Electric
Vehicles and Electric Mobility Devices
OSE Ongoing
Expand network of off- and on-street public charging
stations to 1,000 ports by 2025. Provide charging stations that will accommodate a wide range of vehicle types
including bicycles, scooters and other mobility devices.
Provide outreach and additional incentives for renters, lower-income individuals and non-profit property owners.
Implement emerging best practices in EV technology,
including mobile charging, wireless charging, energy
storage, and web/smartphone applications.
VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION
MD, SCE,
CPA,
SCAQMD
R
G
SM14: Pilot Autonomous Vehicle (AV) Technologies
MD Mid Term
Develop protocols and policies for AV safety performance, AV City fleet vehicles, and AV commercial activities that protect all roadway users and reduce vehicle trips and
carbon emissions. Work with manufacturers to pilot
technologies on fixed routes with limited services that provide shared-ride and zero emission mobility solutions.
Consider opportunities to pilot or deploy AV technology in the Airport to park conversion, post-2028.
OSE, ISD,
Business
R
G
SM13: Expand Use of EVs in Carshare and Rideshare
Services
OSE Ongoing Develop public-private partnerships with carshare providers to provide access to electric vehicles, including neighborhood electric vehicles, to residents who may not be able to own an electric vehicle on their own.
SCAQMD
Business
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 841 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE READY
COMMUNITY
Increase community resilience to
climate change
Protect vulnerable groups from
impacts
Integrate climate change impacts
into City planning, operations &
infrastructure projects
WATER
SELF-SUFFICIENCY Achieve water self-sufficiency by 2023
COASTAL FLOODING
PREPAREDNESS
Enhance natural systems to prevent
damage from coastal flooding
Increase resilience of public and
private assets in coastal flood zone
LOW-CARBON FOOD
& ECOSYSTEMS
Increase self-reliance through local
food production
Reduce or sequester carbon
emissions from food production,
consumption, waste and landscape
management and natural processes
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 842 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CLIMATE CHANGE
IN SANTA MONICA
THE CLIMATE HAS CHANGED
Even if we halt all carbon emissions today, the carbon
emissions currently in the atmosphere will continue to
impact the climate. Sea-level rise and coastal flooding, extreme heat, drought, and declining air-quality will
increasingly affect Santa Monica directly. Each of these hazards impacts the city’s people, buildings,
infrastructure, environment, and economy in different
ways.
Santa Monica has implemented several measures to
increase its resilience against such impacts. This section offers a comprehensive response plan to climate change.
To start, a vulnerability assessment was conducted for all major asset categories in the city in conjunction with the top climate hazards.
The initiatives of this plan will increase the community’s ability to thrive in the face of intensifying climate hazards, leading to stronger neighborhoods and improved quality
of life for all residents.
Increased Temperature
Fluctuations in
Precipitation
Sea Level Rise
Extreme Heat Events
Worsened Air Quality
Increased Drought
Increased Wildfire
Increased Coastal Flooding
GRADUAL CLIMATE CHANGES LOCAL CLIMATE HAZARDS
Heat-related illness or death
Power outages
Asthma & respiratory impacts
Water shortages
Increased utility rates
Property loss & damage
School & business disruption
Transportation impacts
Increased beach tourism & congestion
Crop loss & increased food prices
DIRECT IMPACTS
Resilience is the capacity of individuals,
communities, institutions, businesses, and
systems to survive, adapt, and grow, no matter
what kinds of chronic stresses and acute
shocks they experience.
Shocks are typically considered single-event
disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, and
floods.
Stresses are factors that pressure a city on a
daily or reoccurring basis, such as chronic
food and water shortages, an overtaxed
transportation system, or homelessness
WHAT IS RESILIENCE?
Santa Monica will need dedicated public and
private partners, as well as significant additional
resources, to advance these initiatives and
implement comprehensive climate adaptation.
36 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 843 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Santa Monica is expected to see increasing trends in
extreme-heat days with an average of nine days above
87°F by mid-century and 22 days by the end of the
century. At the 95°F threshold, Santa Monica is
projected to see an increase from 0 to 3 extremely hot
days per year by 2100 .
Extreme-heat events in California and the Los Angeles
region are becoming more frequent, more intense, and
are longer lasting—and the trend is expected to
continue as climate change worsens.
Extreme heat can exacerbate heat-related illnesses
and deaths, while also impacting communities
indirectly through energy disruption, and spikes in
energy prices, impacting affordability.
Certain populations such as the homeless, outdoor
workers, older adults, young children and infants,
pregnant women, and people with chronic illnesses
are more susceptible to warmer temperatures and
heat-related illnesses.
For example, older adults may be at higher risk due to
reduced ability to acclimatize to changing
temperatures, diminished thirst response, and a higher
likelihood of chronic health conditions. Homeless
populations may not have access to indoor spaces to
get out of the sun and cool down.
EXTREME HEAT
AIR QUALITY
Air quality is strongly dependent on weather, and
climate change is expected to impact air quality
through warming temperatures and more frequent
episodes of stagnant air. Warmer temperatures from
climate change will increase the frequency of days
with unhealthy levels of ground level ozone.
Ozone is the main ingredient of smog. Ground-level
ozone is formed from the reaction of oxygencontaining compounds with other air pollutants in the presence of sunlight. The main sources of ozone are
trucks, cars, planes, trains, factories, farms,
construction, and dry cleaners.
Warming temperatures and lengthened growing
seasons can also lead to increased wildfires and aeroallergen levels, such as pollen, which can also worsen air quality.
According to CalEnviroScreen (right), California's
pollution and population vulnerability mapping tool,
Santa Monica concentration of ozone is higher than
53% of all census tracts in California.
A High Heat Event (HHE) is any heat event that generates public health impacts. Each local area has a unique HHE specific to its climate and the historical sensitivity of people in that area to past heat events.
Long-term preventative strategies to decrease heat impacts may include planting trees, improvements in the built
environment, rebate and home cooling programs, and efforts to strengthen social capital and connectivity at the neighborhood level.
Projected High Heat Events (Source Cal-ADAPT)
Pollution/Ozone Burden (Source CALENVIROSCREEN)
37 2
2 California Energy Commission. 2017. Cal-Adapt. Available at http://cal-adapt.org/.
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 844 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Climate change is likely to increase the duration and
severity of droughts in California . Increasing
temperatures and changing precipitation patterns
can create periods of abnormally dry weather that
can result in water-supply shortages and other
impacts.
In the present day, California already experiences
wide swings in precipitation from year to year, and
this variability is expected to continue under climate
change with fluctuations between wet years and dry
years.
Due to anticipated warmer temperatures, more
precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow, and
Southern California will have smaller windows of time
to capture stored water as snowpack.
Aside from directly impacting the availability of water, changes in the amount and frequency of precipitation
may affect hydropower production. Likewise, changes
in weather patterns may impact growing conditions
and yields for crops.
These impacts may raise the price of basic goods and
services, increasing stress on lower-income
communities as they spend a greater proportion of
their income on food and utilities.
DROUGHT
Wildfires burning within 50 to 100 miles of Santa Monica routinely can cause air quality to be five to 15 times worse than normal, and often two to three times worse than the worst non-fire day of the year.
Although Santa Monica is not directly threatened by wildfire due to its surrounding urban buffer, the City is close to a number of mountain ranges where wildfire risks are
projected to increase due to climate change. Wildfires stress fire and emergency management services across Los Angeles County, disrupt regional transportation and energy systems and worsen regional air quality.
While there is little Santa Monica can do to prevent wildfires directly, we support wildfire-stricken communities with firefighter assistance and emergency operations capacity, and implement protocols to protect affected workers,
school students and vulnerable populations.
WILDFIRE
Wildfires can be a significant source of air pollution in Southern California, and climate change is expected to
increase the number and extent of wildfires. Hot, dry
summers followed by hot and dry Santa Ana wind
conditions can create conditions suitable for wildfires.
Smoke clouds from the Woolsey Fire loom over Malibu.
(Credit AP Photo)
Wide Fluctuations in Precipitation Predicted
(Source: US Climate Resilience Toolkit)
3 3 Hewitt, Al. 2014. UCLA Researchers Project Southern California Rainfall Levels Through End of Century. UCLA Newsroom. Available at
http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-researchers-project-southern-californiarainfall-levels-through-end-of-century.
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Packet Pg. 845 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Sea levels rise due to increased water volume
from higher water temperatures and the
melting of glaciers and ice sheets.
Sea level rise can create multiple coastal
hazards, such as beach erosion, increased
frequency and intensity of coastal storms,
permanent inundation and saltwater
intrusion. Coastal flooding caused by storms
and high tides is a temporary condition but
can have damaging consequences. Over the
longer-term, sea level rise (SLR) will
compound the effects from coastal flooding
as storms will occur on top of higher sea
levels.
In an effort to prepare for the anticipated impacts
of SLR and coastal hazards, the City, with assistance from the USC Sea Grant, the Ocean Protection Council, the
California Coastal Commission (CCC), and the State Coastal Conservancy, commissioned technical reports that
providing shoreline change projections, coastal hazard
modeling, and vulnerability assessments.
Miles of transportation and public and private utilities infrastructure, beaches, homes, businesses and
concessionaires bear some risk from SLR and coastal
flooding. The map below shows projected SLR and coastal flooding by 2100 along the coast of Santa Monica. A
significant number of public facilities and infrastructure, buildings, and other structures are likely to be affected by storm-induced flooding.
In addition, the Santa Monica Pier, a major tourist
destination in the City, could also be impacted by increased wave height and water volume.
SEA LEVEL RISE & COASTAL
FLOODING
As the level of the Pacific Ocean continues to rise, areas that would have only been temporarily flooded or
submerged during very high ‘King’ tides or El Niño
conditions, may gradually begin to be permanently
submerged or inundated.
Over the mid-term (i.e., SLR of 6 inches to 24 inches), the Santa Monica sandy beach area towards Pacific Coast
Highway is expected to see moderate inundation levels.
Some areas have been flooded in the past during severe
storms or El Niño events, and research indicates that this will become an occurrence of increasing frequency.
Over the long-term (i.e., SLR of 16 inches to 66 inches, with a possibility of a 113 inch extreme scenario ), the
coastal inundation hazard area is expected to
expand further inland, and the mean high tide line
would move closer to its location at the turn of the
20th century.
LOCAL IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE
39 4 Cayan, D. R., J. Kalansky, S. Iacobellis, D. Pierce, and R. Kopp Kopp. (2016).
Creating Probabilistic Sea Level Rise Projections to support the 4th California Climate Assessment. Prepared for the California Energy Commission. 4 Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flood Models
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Packet Pg. 846 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) According to analysis conducted by the Pedestrian Action Plan, the areas (shown below) in dark brown are locations where investments in pedestrian facilities would have the greatest health and sustainability benefits.
The highest percentage of Latinos living in Santa Monica (26%) live in the Pico neighborhood (90404), a portion of which is also considered a Disadvantaged Community by
CalEnviroScreen. According to the Wellbeing Index, Latino residents reported the least amount of physical activity and have lower than average fruit and vegetable consumption.
Also, the lowest reported use of outdoor space for leisure activities was among the Latino population. Residents in the 90404 zip code experience the highest asthma rate
among Santa Monica residents (12.1%).
Community health, environmental sustainability,
and social equity are important values for the City of Santa Monica and the intent of this analysis is to reflect those values in the City’s planning and decision-making process.
Climate change vulnerability is a measure of sensitivity to climate hazards and the ability to adapt to these hazards.
Both gradual climate change and climate hazards can
expose people and property to a wide range of stressinducing and hazardous situations.
Older adults, young children, and people with chronic
diseases and disabilities are more biologically sensitive to impacts from the effects of climate change, such as
droughts, extreme heat, and air quality impacts. In addition, low-income populations, including homeless populations
and communities of color, are generally more likely to be exposed to natural hazards and climate events, with greater sensitivity, yet have fewer resources to cope or adapt.
People for whom English is not a primary language are
further disadvantaged when public information, community planning and resources are not made accessible in their native language.
Seniors are particularly vulnerable to climate change
impacts as many may be isolated and living alone,
threatened by hunger, and living in or near poverty. Over 20% of the population in Santa Monica is over 60. In 2016, Meals on Wheels served 342 Santa Monica-based seniors.
Most of these seniors are home-bound, meaning they have difficulty leaving home due to frailty, age, chronic disease, recent hospitalization, and mental health issues. The aging population is more vulnerable to some climate change
impacts, like rising temperatures and worsening air quality.
Environmental inequity is another important factor in
determining population vulnerability. Communities of color and low-income people have historically born the burden of polluting industries and roadways with fewer services
available to them.
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY
Influencing Factors of Vulnerability
41 EXPOSURE
SENSITIVITY ADAPTIVE
CAPACITY
VULNERABILITY
EXISTING CONDITIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
SOCIAL INJUSTICE
STRUCTURAL RACISM
INSTITUTIONAL BIAS
INCOME INEQUALITY
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Packet Pg. 847 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Buildings in coastal flood zone
Roads and parking in coastal
flood zone
Ocean habitat
Santa Monica Pier
Parks
Water infrastructure
Energy supply and infrastructure
Urban forests
Beach habitat
Schools
General and vulnerable populations
Water supply
Sanitary water and sewer
infrastructure
Stormwater infrastructure
Beach tourism and recreation
Businesses
City-operated buildings
Bicycle infrastructure
General buildings and properties,
Local energy generation
Telecommunications
HIGH
MEDIUMHIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
The City may have limited jurisdiction control over
many of these assets. Partnerships with state and
federal agencies, private businesses, and homeowners
will be essential to adapt these assets to climate
hazards. Adaptation measures to increase the climate
resilience of these assets will take time to enact and
may require a great deal of education and
coordination with multiple stakeholders.
Although ranked lowest in vulnerability, there may be
assets that are more sensitive and/or have lower ability to adapt to climate change. For example, older homes
and private buildings may be much more sensitive to
extreme heat and air pollution intrusion due to poor
insulation and/or weatherproofing. Actions to increase
adaptation to climate change may also be limited as
building upgrades and energy-efficiency measures may
be cost-prohibitive.
The City has a number of current plans and programs
in place to address climate hazards for these highly
sensitive assets.
Population groups, such as outdoor workers and the
homeless population, are exposed to more climate
hazards and/or have less capacity to adapt and may
lack access to more protective indoor spaces. People
who live close to sources of pollution, like the freeway, are also more vulnerable due to an increased likelihood to have respiratory issues. The City's water infrastructure may be vulnerable to extreme drought limiting local
groundwater supply, or sea level rise resulting in
saltwater intrusion or flooding of stormwater systems.
Vulnerability Community Sector Description
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
The City conducted a vulnerability assessment across
various sectors of the community. The vulnerability
assessment analyzes how people, buildings,
infrastructure and the economy will be affected by
climate change.
The assessment incorporated quantitative data such as
exposure of physical assets and facilities along Santa
Monica’s coast likely be impacted by sea level rise and coastal flooding.
The assessment also utilized qualitative data
concerning the sensitivity and ability to adapt to
climate change of the key sectors, populations, or
assets. This was gathered from City staff and key
stakeholders. Based on the assessment, population
groups and assets within each sector were ranked from
highest to lowest vulnerability.
41 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 848 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CLIMATE READY
COMMUNITY
Increase community resilience to climate change
Protect vulnerable groups from impacts
Integrate climate change impacts into City
planning, operations & infrastructure projects
2030 OBJECTIVES
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Packet Pg. 849 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY CLIMATE READY
COMMUNITY
By identifying and working closely with our
local partners prior to an emergency, we are all
better prepared to respond when events occur.
SMOAID is coalition of businesses and service
organizations committed to preparing for
disasters and building a stronger, healthier, and
more resilient city. From 2006 - 2016, SMOAID
led to improvements in Santa Monica’s
emergency communications, preparedness
level and response potential.
In 2011, the Los Angeles Marathon, one of the
most popular marathons in the nation,
experienced rain, cold and very difficult
conditions for runners and public safety
personnel across Los Angeles.
Many participants needed immediate care
from paramedics, volunteers, and hospital staff
due to the cold and wet conditions. City staff
was prepared to meet the demands of this
emergency. The Big Blue Bus provided
busses for transporting runners out of the rain
and into climate controlled environments
and with the help of community partners, the
City was able to coordinate treatment centers
at local hotels to assist the tired, cold, and wet
participants.
The communication and coordination that
occurred is exemplary of the SMOAID model of
emergency preparedness.
As the threat of disasters, both natural and man
made, continues to increase, the City is
relaunching SMOAID to improve community
resilience and preparedness.
SMOAID : Santa Monica
Organizations Active in Disaster
Santa Monica is dedicated to protecting and
promoting the health and safety of its
residents through its adaptation actions. The
City will implement actions that can both
prepare residents for a changing climate and
build community resilience of the
community’s populations at greatest risk of
climate hazards.
Emergency management capacity can be
enhanced by including climate hazard
considerations in emergency and natural
disaster response. Considerable attention
must be paid to ensuring that such programs
and warnings are accessible to vulnerable
groups.
In order to improving the resilience of homes
and buildings, the City will work to update
building standards and provide financial and
technical assistance to property owners to
afford upgrades and retrofits.
The City itself will need to ensure that climate
change is integrated into planning processes
and project development. In order to enhance
the City's own organizational capacity to plan
for and adapt to climate change, Santa
Monica must:
Integrate climate change preparedness
planning across City operations to enhance
readiness and monitoring of climate
impacts.
Ensure that the community will be
prepared for gradual changes and climaterelated shocks, such as storms and coastal flooding, and that strategies will benefit
population groups with the greatest
climate risk.
Utilize data to assess and monitor climate
hazards and the implementation of
adaptation projects.
Design capital projects to reduce
vulnerability to climate-related events and
disasters.
43 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 850 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR RESILIENCE
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
CRC1: Incorporate Climate Preparedness into City
Programs & Operations
OSE OEM Near Term
Establish an interdepartmental working group to integrate climate preparedness in planning, maintenance, and
capital improvements though the development of work
plans, screening of capital improvements, and cross-sector collaboration. Update Community Emergency Response
Training (CERT) curriculum to incorporate climate-change hazards, like wildfire and heatwaves. Establish protocols for mitigating public health impacts from heat and air quality, with regional agencies and partners. Analyze vulnerability to vector and disease migration and work with public
health stakeholders to develop strategies for outreach, engagement and prevention.Define an informationdissemination network, including community-based organizations and neighborhood representatives. Establish culturally specific messages and templates, as well as
provide early warning systems in multiple commonly
spoken languages.
R
G
CRC2: Expand SMOAID Community Resilience Network
OEM OSE Near Term
Identify suitable locations for resilience hubs, cooling centers, disaster assistance and supplies. The locations will also need to develop backup power sources in the
event of a power outage. Form partnerships with
neighborhood-based organizations and businesses to
develop Neighborhood Resilience Hub Programs and
prepare residents and respond to climate change. Develop community outreach and engagement materials. Create a Climate Ambassador program and
partner with Santa Monica Malibu Unified School District to develop a school curriculum on climate change.
R
G
CRC3: Outdoor Safety Program
OEM OSE Near Term
Work with community groups and residents to determine
best methods of outreach and communication with
outdoor workers. Educate employers and workers about
existing worker rights and protections and ways to protect outdoor workers from the effects of extreme heat.
Increase access to cooling centers and water throughout the city, especially for outdoor workers, seniors, and
homeless populations. Adopt best practices and
protocols within City operations and projects to
accommodate City staff and City contractors during high temperature days and heat waves.
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
R
G
CRC4: Prepare for Extreme Heat
OEM OSE Near Term
Explore developing community cooling centers at City
and non-City sites. Ensure temporary shade structures are provided for community events. Ensure coastal access is maintained for those seeking relief from the heat. Develop and adopt standards for asphalt and roof surfaces that will reduce local heat island effect. Develop outreach and educational materials on passive cooling
strategies like shade trees and insulation. Increase tree canopy in vulnerable neighborhoods. Promote fossil fuel free HVAC systems, like heat pump technologies, for
buildings that install air conditioning.
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Packet Pg. 851 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
CRC6: Integrate Climate Change into Capital
Improvement Program Projects
PWD, ASD,
CED OSE Near Term
Incorporate climate impacts, risk, and uncertainty into capital improvement program projects design and
evaluation. Review updated climate assessments and
adjust infrastructure design standards and project
locations to address asset- and site-specific
vulnerabilities.
R
G
CRC7: Increase Resilience of Local Energy Infrastructure
OEM, ASD,
Utilities OSE Near Term
Partner with local utilities, regional agencies, and local jurisdictions to assess the vulnerability of energy
infrastructure. Deploy local resilient energy systems such as solar, energy storage, combined heat and power, and
fuel cells into new projects and existing facilities to prepare for heat waves, wildfire and other disruptions.
Encourage residents and local businesses to install
resilient energy systems as well.
R
G
CRC8: Enhance Regional Transportation Resilience
CalTrans,
OEM, TED,
MD, CCC
OSE Ongoing
Partner with Caltrans and neighboring jurisdictions on measures to protect critical entry and exit routes such as Pacific Coast Highway and Interstate 10. Santa Monica will work with local agencies to develop contingency plans for operations when Highway 1 and other roads are
inoperable due to coastal flooding or wildfires.
TAKE ACTION: PREPARING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change will affect communities and individuals differently. In order to be prepared for climate change, here are a few tips:
Learn about the hazards and risks associated with climate change How do you and your family adapt to extreme heat days? What is your plan if the number of extreme heat days and high temperatures increase? Understanding climate change through real impacts and practical responses can be helpful to empower yourself against such a large subject. Develop an emergency plan and preparedness kit Everyone should be prepared for an emergency and have supplies and water for up to 7 days. Make a plan with your friends and family about communicating after a disaster and prepare kits that have the necessary supplies like food, water and first aid.
Check on your elderly and vulnerable neighbors during extreme weather
Spend time getting to know those that live around you and check on them during extreme weather and emergencies. Especially if they are elderly or vulnerable.
R
G
CRC5: Climate Resilient Building Design Standards
ASD,
Business
OSE Mid Term
Develop building design guidelines for climate-resilient buildings. Conduct outreach and engagement with
building industry and trades. Adopt and implement
building-design guidelines for new and substantially
renovated buildings.
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Packet Pg. 852 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) WATER
SELF-SUFFICIENCY
Achieve water self-sufficiency by 2023
2030 OBJECTIVE .
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Packet Pg. 853 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
Southern California imports almost 90% of its water
needs from Northern California and the Colorado
River. Santa Monica is bucking the trend by
becoming locally self-sufficient through local water
resources like groundwater, stormwater, brackish
groundwater and even wastewater.
Santa Monica has set out to become independent
from imported water by 2023. The City’s current
sources of potable water supply include 70 percent
local groundwater, and 30 percent imported water
from Northern California and the Colorado River.
Achieving self-sufficiency means using water
produced only from local groundwater and other
local sources and maintaining a resilient system to
meet water demand. By doing this, Santa Monica
will be able to withstand intermittent rain and
prolonged periods of drought.
Achieving self-sufficiency requires both
conservation and efficiency, coupled with
increasing local water supply. Santa Monica offers
resources for property owners to convert to drought
tolerant landscaping and irrigation and install
rainwater harvesting systems.
In 2017, the City implemented a water neutrality
requirement on new construction projects, limiting
new water demand from projects that use more
water than previous ones. Fees paid in-lieu of
reducing water demand onsite go into water
efficiency projects elsewhere in the community.
Currently, the City is implementing various
components of the Sustainable Water
Infrastructure Project (next page) to significantly
expand the use of alternative sources of water, like
stormwater, wastewater and brackish water from
the beach.
Santa Monica can soon utilize water that had been
in the community all along but was previously
discharged to the ocean and piped to sewage
treatment plants. This “one water” approach
protects our community from the anticipated
fluctuations in precipitation due to climate change.
WATER
SELF-SUFFICIENCY
SANTA MONICA'S WATER SOURCES
2011
2017
2023
Local Groundwater
Imported Water
Water Conservation
Alternative Water Supply
47 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 854 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) The Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) is a critical component to Santa Monica's self-sufficiency goal and pushes the envelope of sustainable water management. The SWIP comprises three technical elements designed to operate in concert to conserve groundwater, reduce wastewater, and improve beach water quality.
Element 1 provides for a modular reverse osmosis (RO) unit at the existing Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) located near the Santa Monica Pier. The RO-upgraded SMURRF will also leverage the recently completed Clean Beaches Initiative Project by treating stormwater and brackish groundwater for reuse.
Element 2 provides for a new, underground Advanced Water Treatment Facility (AWTF) capable of treating up to one million gallons of wastewater per day, as well as stormwater for immediate non-potable reuse. The advanced treated water will be used for groundwater recharge.
Element 3 provides for the installation of a 4.5 MG underground stormwater harvest tank plumbed directly to the AWTF. The tank is being consolidated from two conceptual projects beneath Memorial Park and the other beneath the Civic Auditorium parking lot.
Increasing recycled water production through the SWIP, upgrading the existing Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) and constructing a new Advanced Water Treatment Facility (AWTF) provides a drought resilient, local water supply. The increase in recycled water production from SMURRF would offset imported water purchases from Northern California by approximately 4% (approximately 560 AFY).
Recharging local groundwater aquifers in the Olympic Sub-basin to maintain sustainable yield pumping levels with purified water from the SWIP’s AWPF would offset imported water by approximately an additional 7% (approximately 1,100 AFY).
SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT10.A.a
Packet Pg. 855 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
WATER CONSERVATION
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
R
G H2O1: Commercial Sector Retrofits
Develop incentives and direct install programs to retrofit OSE MWD Ongoing inefficient water fixtures in commercial properties.
R
G
H2O2: Coin Operated Laundry Program
OSE MWD Near Term
Develop incentives targeted at multiunit dwelling
property owners and laundry service vendors to replace
inefficient laundry systems with new systems.
R
G
H2O3: Increase Direct Install Program
OSE MWD Ongoing
Expand annual replacement of inefficient toilets in
multiunit dwellings and single-family homes.
R
G H2O4: Arcadia Water Treatment Plant Improvements
Increase in production efficiencies at the Arcadia Water WRD Mid Term Treatment Plant by recovering brine concentrate.
ALTERNATIVE WATER SUPPLY
R
G
H2O5: Clean Beaches Initiative & SMURRF Repurposing
WRD Mid Term
Upgrade the Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling
Facility (SMURRF), that provides a drought resilient, local water supply, to increase the amount of recycled water
production. Connect SMURRF to the newly constructed
(2018) Clean Beaches Initiative 1.6 million gallon tank, to supply SMURRF with rain and brackish ground water
when urban runoff is not available.
ED
ED
R
G
H2O6: Expand Local Water Resources
WRD Long Term
Expand capacity at Arcadia Water Treatment Plant to
accommodate more water. Restore the Olympic wellfield
and develop a new well to enhance drought resilience.
ED
LOCAL GROUND WATER PRODUCTION
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Packet Pg. 856 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
COASTAL FLOODING
PREPAREDNESS
2030 OBJECTIVES
Enhance natural systems to prevent damage
from coastal flooding
Increase resilience of public and private assets in
the coastal flood zone
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Packet Pg. 857 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
Santa Monica's expansive beaches provide not only an
economic boon and regional recreation, but also
protection from sea level rise.
In addition to iconic recreation and landscape, beaches are ecosystems unto themselves, providing vital habitat for local species. They are molded by wind patterns, fed by natural sediment flow and washed upon by the
ocean, changing over time.
As sea levels increase, there will be a gradual landward movement of water up the beach and the beach will
narrow. Current beach management practices may have
to change in order to adapt to these changes in order to preserve as much of the natural barrier.
No one knows exactly how much sea level rise will occur and by when. However, it is certain that Santa Monica,
like other jurisdictions along the California coast, will face new threats from sea level rise and coastal hazards that could damage or destroy coastal resources, like
beaches, and infrastructure, such as road and utility
lines, public amenities, and private developments
within the next few decades.
Santa Monica's recently adopted Local Coastal Program
Land Use Plan establishes policies and adaptation
strategies to be implemented once a certain amount of
sea level rise has occurred. As changes to shoreline
conditions occur, new policy phases would be activated, based on observed impacts.
CLEAN POWER ALLIANCE OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE VISUALIZING SEA LEVEL RISE
In 2016, the City installed two telescopic viewers
on the Santa Monica Pier, in partnership with
USC Sea Grant, the US Geological Survey
(USGS), and Owlized, Inc. “The Owls on the Pier”
offered passersby an augmented reality
experience into potential future scenarios of sea
level rise impacts on Santa Monica's beach. The
Owls surveyed participants on their views and
concerns about climate change and sea level
rise and their preference for climate adaptation
approaches.
Over 10,000 people visited the Owls, and more
than 2,500 of those participated in all or part of
the Owl’s survey. In addition about 1,000 people
viewed the mobile version of the Owl and
answered all or part of the survey.
COASTAL FLOODING
PREPAREDNESS
NATURAL SOLUTIONS
To improve the biodiversity and resiliency of
Santa Monica’s beaches, and to address potential
impacts of sea level rise, the City is looking at
adaptation measures that would re-introduce
a more natural beach environment. One such
measure is dune creation.
In 2016, the City implemented a dune pilot
project in the North Beach area, by suspending
beach grooming, erecting a low fence, and
seeding foliage to encourage dune growth.
Evaluation of the effects of this pilot project will
guide future efforts. Small “dunelets” also benefit
the Western Snowy Plover, by mimicking natural
beach landscapes and providing protection from
the wind.
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Packet Pg. 858 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
CF1: Resilient Buildings & Infrastructure in the
Coastal Zone
OSE CCS Mid Term
Estimate the financial costs of sea-level rise, including replacement or repair costs of resources and facilities that could be impacted by sea level rise and coastal
flooding, non-market values, like recreation and
ecosystem services. Conduct site-specific vulnerability assessments of City-owned buildings and facilities in the coastal zone. Develop guidelines and standards for
infrastructure and buildings to be flood-proofed, or be capable of accommodating temporary flooding.
R
G
CF2: Coastal Hazard Real Estate Disclosure
OSE CPD Mid Term
Establish a process requiring the disclosure during any real estate transaction within the City’s Coastal Zone of a property’s location in a hazard zone identified in the
Local Coastal Program Land Use Plan (LUP) and of the
results of any site-specific hazard analyses related to the hazards mapped in the LUP. Collaborate with the Coastal Commission and local real estate agents to develop
specific guidance and language regarding point-of-sale
disclosures. Adopt and implement a local ordinance
specifying point-of-sale disclosures.
R
G
CF3: Climate Ready Santa Monica Pier
CED Pier Long Term
Integrate the latest sea level rise projections in Pier structural assessments and design improvements.
Implement capital improvements to withstand increased wave height and on-shore flooding.
R
G
CF4: Adopt a Shoreline Management Plan
OSE, CCS,
CED, BM,
Pier,
Nonprofits
Mid to Long
Term CPD
Develop a shoreline management plan for specific high
priority areas that are most vulnerable to sea level rise hazards, Include adaptation strategies to address sea
level rise and coastal hazards and adapt to changes in wave, flooding, and erosion hazards in the short and long term for the specified area; prioritizing “soft” adaptation strategies such as managed retreat, beach nourishment,
living shorelines, and dune restoration over “hard”
adaptation strategies such as seawalls.
R
G
CF5: Beach Nourishment & Dune Creation
OSE, CCS,
Nonprofits
Mid to Long
Term BM
Dune creation shall be allowed to occur within the City’s beach areas, provided consideration is given to any
impacts on the Western Snowy Plover Special Protection
Zone (SPZ) and other SPZs that may be established in
the future where dune restoration occurs. Design and
implement additional pilot projects, utilizing green
infrastructure or eco-engineering.
R
G
CF6: Local Coastal Program Monitoring & Implementation
Nonprofits Mid to Long
Term CPD
Monitor sea level rise and coastal flooding impacts over time utilizing tidal gage data, pier scour analysis, seasonal beach width and storm flooding damage. Phase in
policies and projects identified by the Local Coastal Plan as climate change impacts increase. Update coastal
hazard maps at least every 5 years or sooner based on the best available science.
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 859 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
LOW CARBON FOOD
& ECOSYSTEMS
2030 OBJECTIVES
Increase self-reliance through local food production
Reduce carbon emissions from food production,
consumption, waste and landscape management
and natural processes
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 860 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
Conventional food production is one of the nation’s
largest sources of environmental degradation. The
industrialized food system is unsustainable due to its
reliance on fossil fuels for fertilizers, pesticides,
herbicides, industrial equipment, refrigeration, and
interstate transportation. Globally, one-third of
greenhouse gas emissions result from the food system
when accounting for transportation, soil degradation
and deforestation.
Fortunately, local and chemical-free food is on the
rebound as more people recognize its value and health
benefits. Meat-less or meat-free meals are becoming
more popular and accessible in restaurants and home
kitchens.
In Santa Monica, many residents are already embracing
local and low-carbon food choices. Santa Monica offers
Farmers Markets at various locations three days a week
to provide residents with locally produced, fresh, and
healthy food. All of the Farmers Markets in Santa
Monica accept CalFresh, Farmers Market WIC and
Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
checks. making healthy and low-carbon food choices
available to low-income residents.
GOING LOCAL WITH FOOD
OUR FORESTS ABOVE AND BELOW
Santa Monica’s urban forest is currently 93% stocked
with approximately 33,000 trees. A fully mature tree
can retain approximately 1 ton of carbon dioxide each
year. By fully stocking the urban forest, the City can
maximize tree canopy, cooling benefits and carbon
reductions from its trees.
One way that oceans and ocean-related ecosystems
contribute to carbon sequestration is through ocean
vegetation like sea kelp. Kelp forests are typical of Santa Monica Bay and are present in around Malibu and Palos
Verdes, but less kelp is present directly adjacent to
Santa Monica due to poor water quality and invasive
sea urchins, which eat and destroy kelp forests.
LOW CARBON FOOD
& ECOSYSTEMS
Carbon sequestration is the process of removing carbon
from the atmosphere (CO2) and converting it into
organic carbon (C) in biological materials. Some
examples of natural sequestration include trees, soil,
wetlands, marshes, geologic formations or biochar.
Sequestration offers an opportunity to invest in and
restore natural ecosystems to capture and offset Santa
Monica’s remaining emissions.
Despite Santa Monica’s urbanized setting, the City has
several opportunities for sequestering, or storing,
atmospheric carbon dioxide through natural processes.
The potential to expand forested areas within the city
and the proximity to the ocean offer unique
possibilities for innovation and generation of cobenefits.
The most viable carbon sequestration strategies that
are local to Santa Monica are urban forest management
and kelp forest restoration.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
Efforts are underway in the Palo Verdes area to restore the kelp forests by managing the sea urchin population. The results to date demonstrate the ability of kelp, especially fast-growing species, to both absorb carbon and to
mitigate an overabundance of nitrogen in ocean areas
adjacent to urban communities.
While currently a pilot project, this effort is uniquely relevant and would generate numerous ecological and
economic benefits in terms of fish habitat, water quality, and overall health and longevity of Santa Monica Bay.
Community gardening provides an opportunity for
residents to connect to their food, the land, and their neighbors while reducing the environmental impact of
the conventional food system.
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 861 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Parks and recreation activities are central to quality of life in Santa Monica. Natural settings can provide
valuable, regenerative, passive recreation opportunities.
In addition to the documented mental health benefits,
greening in parks and public spaces would contribute
to improved human health through relief from heatisland effects and improved air quality.
Park vegetation and trees provide shade and oxygen,
which cool the streets as well as nearby homes and
buildings. A full and healthy urban forest canopy can be an effective and efficient means of sequestering carbon, while reducing pollution, the heat island effect and the need for air-conditioning.
In surveys and interviews conducted during the Parks &
Recreation Master Plan update process, respondents
emphasized that they want the park system to be
greener and include more natural spaces and green
infrastructure. The community also suggested
expanding the urban forest by planting more trees in
the City's parks.
While Santa Monica has many beloved parks and green
spaces, it is below the average for Los Angeles County
when it comes to green space per capita.
In 2017, the City of Santa Monica and the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA), reached a historic
agreement, which will lead to the eventual closure of
Santa Monica Airport (SMO) in 2028. Earlier in 2014,
Santa Monica voters supported Measure Local Control
(Measure LC) that affirms the authority of City Council to manage airport land and amends the City Charter to
require voter approval for any new development on
airport land except parks, public open space, and
public recreational facilities.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL
AT THE AIRPORT
PLANTING 1,000 TREES
C O U L D S E Q U E S T E R
688,000 LBS CO2
ENOUGH TO OFFSET
IN A FOSSIL-FUEL
VEHICLE
763,011 MI
At 227 acres, SMO has the potential of becoming one of
the largest parks in Los Angeles. With so much land, a
park at SMO could provide a unique opportunity to
transform a carbon source into a carbon sink,
sequestering carbon from the atmosphere, by
expanding Santa Monica's urban forest and fostering
healthy soils. If the City were to plan 1,000 trees within this area it could sequester 688,000 lbs of carbon
dioxide, which would be enough to offset driving over
763,000 miles in a fossil-fuel vehicle.
Ultimately, the path from Airport to park will involve a complex process to design, fund, and construct, which
will be informed by community input.
Assumes Oak tree (quercus spp) annual sequestration rate of 688 lbs (Source: Urban Forest Master Plan). Vehicle emissions equivalent estimated using the EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator.
Potential Airport Acreage to be Converted Post-2028 Closure *Existing buildings and non-aviation functions will likely remain Penmar Golf Course
51 acres
Clover Park
18 acres
Potential Airport to
Park Conversion Area
227 acres*
Existing Parks
Planned Parks
Airport Park
8.3 acres
Planned Airport
Park Expansion
12 acres
55 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 862 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
RESILIENCE THROUGH LOCAL FOOD
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
LCFE1: Promote Low Carbon, Low Waste Lifestyles
FMD, EDD,
OWB OSE Ongoing
Promote more sustainable food and drink options through campaigns, outreach events and community resources.
Include all five pillars of the City's Sustainable Food Commitment: 1) reduce meat and dairy, 2) avoid processed foods, 3) eat organic, 4) eat local, and 5) reduce waste. Develop incentives and rewards programs to support the local food system and low carbon foods. Promote
sustainable pet food through outreach and education.
LCFE2: Increase Productivity of Public & Private Lands
CRD, HSD,
OWB,
Business,
Nonprofits
Mid Term
OSE,
PLD,
CCS
Increase food access by planting fruit and nut trees in parks and private sites through education, incentives, and rebates. Facilitate micro-agriculture operations that utilize open land and rooftops or space-efficient operations, like aquaponics. Conduct a feasibility study for repurposing underutilized parkways, vacant or abandoned properties, or the Airport to park conversion for urban farming. Target affordable housing developments, homeless-service
providers – in order to empower communities to become
self-sustaining. Support residents to start their own
gardens by providing educational and training
opportunities. Model programs from the Ishihara Park’s
demonstration and learning garden.
R
G
LCFE3: Develop a Sustainable Food Master Plan
FMD, OWB,
Nonprofits
Mid to Long
Term OSE
Develop a community plan that advances the City's
Sustainable Food Commitment, and addresses food
security through strategies such as local food cultivation, resident vending or donations of local produce at markets, food banks and shelters, and land use strategies.
R
G
R
G
LCFE4: Increase Farmers Market Low Income Patronage
HSD, OWB,
Nonprofits
Mid to Long
Term FMD Enroll all eligible residents in CalFresh and support the Farmer’s Market Match program that enhances EBT
dollar value at farmers markets.
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
CARBON SEQUESTRATION & HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS
R
G
LCFE5: Climate Resilient Forest & Landscape Management
PLD OSE Near Term
The updated Urban Forest Master Plan already addresses the effects of climate change and other potential threats to the urban forest. Assess pruning practices to preserve biomass and increase carbon sequestration potential. Encourage
proper tree watering, fertilizer, maintenance and protection during construction. Establish a baseline of the energy used to build and maintain the City's urban forest and landscapes and develop a plan to reduce carbon emissions through
maintenance and mulching.
R
G
LCFE7: Local Carbon Sequestration
Nonprofits Near to Mid
Term OSE
Explore opportunities to sequester carbon on all City
properties, including Woodlawn Cemetery and Airport to
park conversion and local habitat systems, like sea kelp.
R
G
LCFE6: Private Tree Preservation
PLD Near to Mid
Term
Explore policies, incentives and funding mechanisms to CPD ensure the preservation of private trees, including the City's hedge ordinance.
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 863 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Santa Monica College (SMC) has been hosting
a free
farmer’s market for students oncea week during fall
and spring semesters since February 2017. The market
provides approximately1,500 lbs of fresh produce
feeding 150 students every week, and to date,
over 50,000 lbs of fresh produce has been distributed
to over5,300 students.
Student volunteers collect produce from vendors at the
Santa Monica Wednesday Farmer’s Market, in
partnership with Food Forward. The students then
deliver the produce and staff the market two hours per
week. SMC also supplements the program by
purchasing produce from the Westside Food Bank.
Students are only required to showa valid student ID
and bring their own bag. Creative recipes and nutrition consultations are offered to help students figure out
how to prepare healthy meals.
SMC also purchases over 10,000 lbs of non-perishable
food products from West Side Food Bank each week to
stock food in six “food pantry’s” around campus to help with the problem of food insecurity.
To minimize organic waste from food preparation, SMC
uses 400,000 worms to eat through about 300 lbs of
food scraps per week from cafeteria vendors. Over the
past 17 years, SMC has been diverted6.25 tons of
organic waste from the landfill.
SANTA MONICA COLLEGE: ADDRESSING
FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD WASTE
COMMUNITY IN ACTION
Credit: Justin Han
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 864 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
IMPLEMENTING
THE PLAN
2030 OBJECTIVES
Achieve carbon neutrality in municipal operations
Foster a climate-literate community
Develop financing resources for climate action &
adaptation projects
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 865 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ZERO NET CARBON
BUILDINGS
Climate change affects the whole community
without regard for political affiliation, jurisdictional boundary or background. Most people understand
that humans are responsible, but few feel
empowered to take action let alone know what to do.
This plan cannot be successful without the
participation and leadership of the community.
Santa Monica residents and businesses have long
demonstrated their willingness to invest their time
and resources to making Santa Monica
more prosperous and sustainable.
The challenge will be to continue to scale up lifestyle changes and adoption of clean technologies for
uninitiated individuals and under-served populations
across the entire community.
The City will partner with traditional and nontraditional stakeholders to develop resources and activate the entire community in culturally
appropriate conversations, individual actions and
community activism. Non-profits and communitybased organizations, like Climate Action Santa Monica, will be key to broadening the community
base for change.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
CITY LEADERSHIP
Santa Monica has a long history of demonstrating
leadership by adopting advanced technologies and
innovating practices to be more sustainable.
The City will seek to achieve carbon neutrality in
municipal operations by 2030 offering an example to
other local governments, organizations and
businesses to follow. This will be achieved primarily
through the electrification of Big Blue Bus, building
electrification and renewable energy.
An interdepartmental team of City staff in
collaboration with civic leaders must be assembled to
maintain momentum and ensure accountability. This
group will work to ensure all policies, projects and
programs are designed and implemented with equity
as a core principle.
Santa Monica must continue to work beyond its
borders to support and lead coalition groups of cities
and local jurisdictions mobilizing and advocating for
climate action at regional, state, national and
international levels.
IMPLEMENTING
THE PLAN
Credit: Justin Han
59 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 866 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CLIMATE FINANCE
Deep emissions reductions will need to be achieved
at a scale and pace unlike the City has seen
before. The success of the plan depends on
committing resources to implementation, and then
augmenting those resources with alternative
sources of funding.
The City has dedicated significant resources to meet
its sustainability and climate goals. Between the
adopted 16/18 and 18/20 fiscal year (FY) Capital
Improvement Program (CIP) budgets, the City has
already committed over $383M to climate action
and adaptation projects over the next 5 years. The
projects span municipal energy efficiency and
renewable energy projects, electric vehicles, and
pedestrian and biking improvements. This is in
addition to the City's operating budgets which
cover staff time and program expenses dedicated to
advancing low-carbon living and technologies.
O V E R T H E N E X T 5 Y E A R S ,
S A N T A M O N I C A W I L L
S P E N D O V E R $ 3 8 3 M O N
C L I M A T E A C T I O N &
A D A P T A T I O N .
T O M E E T O U R G O A L S , W E
W I L L N E E D T O A T L E A S T
D O U B L E T H A T B Y 2 0 3 0 .
New costs associated with this plan include
dedicated lanes for bikes and personal mobility
devices, electric buses, adaptation projects and
programs and more. Staff estimate that
implementation of the plan could cost roughly over
$832 million over the next 10-12 years. Additionally,
not all projects and programs have been fully
conceived or are planned at the moment. Staff will
need to leverage external funding mechanisms like
grants, low-interest loans or project financing
models to supplement City funds.
The investment by the community to support the
Plan will be many times greater than the City's own
costs. The City will need to provide support to
residents and businesses in need of funding to
decarbonize their buildings, vehicles and lifestyles.
CLIMATE ACTION &
ADAPTATION
SECTOR
SUB-SECTOR FY 16/18
16/18
FY 18/20 TOTAL
APPROVED 5-YEAR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM BUDGETS
$11,033,075
$15,541,828
$1,552,247
$10,507,954
$21,116,000
$186,690
$2,330,000
$70,858,500
$2,124,000
$108,663,560
$31,131,412
-
-
$432,837,726
$3,127,300
$2,250,000
$65,318,436
$3,835,000
$119,696,635
$47,583,240
$1,552,247
$10,507,954
$53,953,726
$3,313,990
$4,580,000
$136,176,936
$5,959,000
Municipal Energy
Bike & Pedestrian Improvements
Roadway & Transit Improvements
Affordable Housing
Low Emission Buses
Electric Vehicles
Urban Forest
Local Water Production
Pier Hardening
Zero Net Carbon Buildings
Sustainable Mobility
Low Carbon Food
& Ecosystems
Water Self-Sufficiency
Coastal Flooding
Preparedness
TOTAL $135,160,294 $248,163,434 $383,323,728
At the same time, it should discourage carbonemitting activities through fee-based systems or carbon taxes to shift community investment away
from fossil fuels to clean technologies.
This Plan proposes the creation of a Community
Climate Action Grant program, funded by a Carbon
Development Impact Fee. The impact fee, to be
assessed on new commercial construction and
major renovation projects, would encourage lowcarbon design and sustainable modes of transit, while at the same time providing a continuous
funding mechanism for carbon reduction projects.
The City will need to focus on addressing
environmental injustices and equity issues through
any funding mechanism that redistributes wealth.
Examples include the Pico Neighborhood Wellbeing
Microgrant Program.
60 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 867 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
CE1: Create a Community Climate Action Network
OWB,
Nonprofits OSE Near Term
Work with the community partners to create a
community network that facilitates communication and
coordination between community members, as well as
between the City and the community. The network will
identify actions for individuals, neighborhoods and
institutions to implement and measure the impact of
grassroots activity. The network will engage the
neighborhoods and people with messages that are
relevant to them is necessary to reach people from all
backgrounds and walks of life.
CE2: Pilot Block-Level & Business Sustainability Plans
OWB,
Nonprofits OSE Ongoing
Provide a framework and tools for businesses and
communities to set goals, identify projects and gain
support for taking climate action in their neighborhoods.
CE3: Launch a Community Climate Action Grant
OSE Nonprofits Ongoing
Establish an annual micro-grant program to support local citizen-led projects and programs that will reduce
emissions, adapt to climate change and enhance equity.
CE4: Increase Climate & Eco-Literacy
Schools,
Nonprofits OSE Ongoing
Increase local awareness about the need to protect the
region’s ecosystems from a changing climate. Develop
educational curriculum, outreach materials and
information for use by educators and community based
organizations. Develop program resources in multiple
languages to reflect the diversity in Santa Monica.
Support citizen science initiatives, like local air quality monitoring.
R
G
R
G
R
G
CITY LEADERSHIP
CL2: Implement Deep Carbon Reduction Retrofits in
City Facilities
FacMD,
ASD, TED OSE Ongoing
Implement an energy portfolio manager system to
monitor real-time energy consumption and costs. Audit
facilities for energy efficiency potential and implement large-scale retrofit program across the City’s portfolio.
Pilot and implement conversions of natural gas building systems to electric-based systems, like heat pump water heaters and HVAC systems. Pilot retrofit and financing
mechanisms like performance contracting and
sustainability/energy-as-a-service. Track refrigerants in buildings and vehicles, reduce refrigerants with high
global warming potential and reduce leakage rates from
air conditioning systems.
R
G
Cost to City Carbon
Reduction
Potential
Low
Medium
High
Supports Paris
Agreement
Potential to
Address Equity G
Government
Leadership
Advances Smart City
Concepts
Potential for Cost Savings,
Local investment and Jobs
Enhances
Environmental Quality
R
Enhances
Community
Resilience
Improves Public
Health & Safety
Cost to City
CL1: Adopt a Smart City Strategy
OSE, MD,
OEM, TED ISD Near Term Adopt a Smart City Strategy to advance technologies in City infrastructure and leverage public-private
partnerships that support energy and water efficiency, mobility planning and services, public safety and communications.
R
G
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 868 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
ACTIONS
CITY LEADERSHIP
Carbon Reduction
Potential
Cost
to City
Community
Benefits Partners
Status or
Lead Timeframe
R
G
CL4: Convert City Fleet Vehicles to Electric or Zero
Emission
FD, RRR,
BBB
Mid to Long
Term OSE
Pilot electric and zero emission vehicles for medium and heavy duty vehicles. Replace vehicles as technology
becomes available. Downsize and consolidate fleet
vehicles to promote vehicle sharing. Convert Big Blue Bus fleet to all-electric by 2030.
R
G
CL7: City Leadership & Collaboration
OSE Ongoing
Integrate social and racial equity into citywide planning processes and community programs. Engage with other
local governments and stakeholders at the regional, state, federal and international levels. Advocate for State and regional policies that support local targets and largescale change. Continue to share progress through reporting platforms.
CLIMATE FINANCE
R
G
CF1: Adopt a Carbon Impact Fee
OSE BSD Mid Term
Adopt an ordinance to impose a carbon impact fee on
new commercial development. The fee would be based
on the construction and operation of commercial
properties with the exception of all-electric buildings and eligible affordable housing projects. The funds generated could support the Community Climate Action Grant
program.
R
G
CF2: Explore Alternative Community Climate
Financing Options
OSE Ongoing
Study and pilot alternative financing mechanisms to
increase community investment and streamline funding
toward climate-related projects. Such ideas include carbon tax, green banks or revolving funds, crowdfunding, energy performance contracts, and sustainability-as-a-service.
FIN
CL5: Clean Tech Innovation Program
Partner with Los Angeles Cleantech Incubator and
develop program to pilot emerging technologies on City
facilities and with willing private properties. R
G OSE Business Near Term
CL3: Expand the Use of Distributed Energy Resources
FacMD,
ASD, TED OSE Ongoing
Finalize and implement the City's Resilient Energy Action Plans for critical facilities and community facilities in need of emergency backup power. Maximize all viable rooftop
and parking facility areas for onsite solar systems, battery storage and microgrids where possible. Potential projects may include: Civic Center Microgrid, Main Library-Fire
Station 1 Microgrid, distributed waste-to-energy systems, community solar at Airport (post-2028 closure).
R
G
CL6: Reduce Consumption Based Emissions
Identify goods, services and suppliers that contribute to the City’s carbon footprint. Develop a system to track, analyze and report the impacts of employee air travel to conferences, meetings and workshops, etc. Establish a
goal to reduce carbon emissions associated with
consumption and employee air travel and then develop
strategies to be implemented.
R
G OSE Business Near Term
R
G
CL8: Implementing Plans, Policies & Ordinances
OSE Ongoing
Consider and approve new plans, policies & ordinances and amendments to existing plans, policies and ordinances in a public review process to implement this plan.
PCD, RRR
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 869 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
CONCLUSION
The challenge of climate change is unprecedented in
its scale and potential disruption to our way of living.
Recent climate disasters have given us a preview of
what may become the 'new abnormal.'
We must act now. No longer can we avoid hard
decisions and changes for the sake of convenience or
politics. A climate changed-future will not wait.
However, in the face of daunting headlines, we remain
hopeful and resolved. We know what to do. We have
the solutions to reduce emissions, increase efficiency, promote economic vitality, and improve our quality of
life.
This plan provides a pathway to accelerate our historical success so that we can make climate change history. It
is also a call to action to residents, community
institutions and businesses to take an active part in our transition to a low carbon future and clean economy.
In this process, we will foster a vibrant economy,
increase our resiliency and support Santa Monica’s
vision for a livable and sustainable community for
generations to come.
CLIMATE PROTECTION FOR ALL
Credit: Kristina Sado
This plan will serve as a living document, to be
updated as technologies and policies progress.
The City will maintain a reporting platform to
easily track and monitor greenhouse gases and
climate action progress. Staff will provide annual
progress reports and conduct biennial
greenhouse gas inventories to evaluate plan
effectiveness.
After five years, the City will update the plan
based on the results to ensure the goals can be
met by 2030 and beyond.
T R A C K I N G
O U R P R O G R E S S
R e g u l a r M o n i t o r i n g
A n n u a l P r o g r e s s R e p o r t s
B i e n n i a l G r e e n h o u s e G a s
E m i s s i o n s I n v e n t o r i e s
5 - Y e a r C o n s u m p t i o n
B a s e d E m i s s i o n s
I n v e n t o r y
5 - Y e a r P l a n U p d a t e
MEASURING SUCCESS
63 10.A.a
Packet Pg. 870 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
10.A.a
Packet Pg. 871 Attachment: Santa Monica Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
10.A.b
Packet Pg. 872 Attachment: GWP Comparison [Revision
Report/ July 2021
Reducing Embodied
Carbon in Buildings
Low-Cost, High-Value Opportunities
10.A.c
Packet Pg. 873 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Authors
Rebecca Esau
Matt Jungclaus
Victor Olgyay
Audrey Rempher
Authors listed alphabetically. All authors from RMI unless otherwise noted.
Contacts
Victor Olgyay, [email protected]
Rebecca Esau, [email protected]
Copyrights and Citation
Matt Jungclaus, Rebecca Esau, Victor Olgyay, and Audrey Rempher, Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings: Low-Cost, High-Value Opportunities, RMI, 2021, http://www.rmi.org/insight/reducing-embodied-carbon-in-buildings.
RMI values collaboration and aims to accelerate the energy transition through sharing knowledge and insights. We therefore allow interested parties to reference, share, and cite our work through the Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
All images used are from iStock.com unless otherwise noted.
Authors & Acknowledgments
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 2
10.A.c
Packet Pg. 874 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Skanska for providing material and cost information based on anonymized project data, and for conducting an EC3 analysis of the three case studies included in the report.
We would like to recognize the following members of the Skanska team for sharing key insights and reviewing the report:
Mark Chen
Steve Clem
Elaine Lai
Tolga Tutar
We thank the following individuals for their contributions to and review of the report:
Monika Henn, Urban Land Institute
Dirk Kestner, Walter P. Moore
Meghan Lewis, Carbon Leadership Forum
Marta Schantz, Urban Land Institute
We thank the following additional individuals and organizations for participating in interviews during the research phase of this report:
Arup
Bruce King, PE - Ecological Building Network
Thornton Tomasetti
Kieran Timberlake
Erin McDade, Architecture 2030
We thank Breakthrough Energy, LLC for its support in the production of this report.
About RMI
RMI is an independent nonprofit founded in 1982 that transforms global energy systems through market-driven solutions to align with a 1.5°C future and secure a clean, prosperous, zero-carbon future for all. We work in the world’s most critical geographies and engage businesses, policymakers, communities, and NGOs to identify and scale energy system interventions that will cut greenhouse gas emissions at least 50 percent by 2030. RMI has offices in Basalt and Boulder, Colorado; New York City; Oakland, California; Washington, D.C.; and Beijing.
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 3
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Table of Contents
Section 1 - Embodied Carbon: A Hidden Climate Challenge Executive Summary
What Is Embodied Carbon, and Why Is It Important?
The Time Value of Carbon
Lowering Embodied Carbon Can Drive Value
Setting the Stage
Section 2 - Key Materials Driving Embodied Carbon in US Buildings Industry Overview
Cement and Concrete
Steel
Timber
Insulation
Moving Forward
Section 3 - Proven Solutions and Strategies to Reduce Embodied Carbon Characterizing Low-Embodied-Carbon Solutions
Applying Low-Embodied-Carbon Solutions to the Design and Construction Process Current Tools for Implementation
Section 4 - Case Studies in the Economics of Low-Embodied-Carbon Buildings Overview
Methodology
Limitations of This Study
Case Study 1: Mid-Rise Concrete and Steel Construction
Case Study 2: Mid-Rise Stick-Built Construction
Case Study 3: Tilt-up Construction
Further Opportunities to Reduce Embodied Carbon in Case Study Buildings Discussion
Section 5 - Opportunities to Drive Deeper Savings
Regional Differences
Regional Data Disparity
Advanced Materials to Drive Greater Change
Codes and Policy
Section 6 - Conclusion
Appendix
Endnotes
5 6
7 7
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 13
14 15
16 17
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
30 31
33 34
38 39
41 43
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Executive Summary
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Embodied Carbon: A Hidden Climate
Challenge
Buildings account for at least 39% of energy-related
global carbon emissions on an annual basis.1 At least
one-quarter of these emissions result from embodied
carbon, or the carbon emissions associated with
building materials and construction. The solutions for
addressing embodied carbon in buildings have not
been widely studied in the United States, leaving a
significant knowledge gap for engineers, architects,
contractors, policymakers, and building owners.
Embodied carbon can be reduced significantly at
little to no additional up-front cost. The case studies showcased in this report show an embodied carbon
savings potential of 19%–46% at cost premiums
of less than 1%. Current practice indicates that
we can achieve these reductions by specifying
and substituting material alternatives with lower
embodied carbon during the design and specification
process. Far greater reductions are possible when a
whole-building design approach is taken.
This report highlights the low-cost and no-cost
solutions for reducing embodied carbon in buildings
by studying three building types and considering
design strategies that can reduce embodied carbon
at any stage of a project’s design and construction
phases. The report quantifies the construction cost
difference associated with low-embodied-carbon
solutions and points to next-generation solutions that
could drive even greater reductions.
Key Takeaways
• Up-front embodied carbon can be reduced by up
to 46% in our case study building typologies with
less than 1% cost premium.
• Optimizing ready-mix concrete design, choosing
finish materials with low-embodied-carbon
footprints, and considering low-embodied-carbon
or carbon-sequestering insulation options are the
most impactful no-cost measures for reducing
embodied carbon.
• Designing for minimal material usage can
reduce embodied carbon, lower up-front costs,
and maintain a building’s sound structure and
aesthetics.
• Sourcing rebar and structural steel with higher
recycled content, choosing low-embodied-carbon
glazing products, and reducing structural system
material needs are the most impactful low-cost
measures.
• Currently emerging materials promise to
significantly further reduce embodied impacts.
Executive Summary
Exhibit 1 Top categories for reducing embodied carbon
Rebar
Use high recycled
content rebar
4%–10% reduction
None to low cost premium
Insulation
Select low- or
no-embodied-carbon
insulation products
16% reduction
No cost premium
5% reduction
Finish Materials
Select low- or
no-embodied-carb
on finish materials
None to low cost premium
Optimize
concrete mix
14%–33% reduction
None to low cost premium
Concrete
3% reduction
Select lowembodied-carbon
glazing products
10% cost premium
Glazing
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What Is Embodied Carbon, and Why Is It
Important?
Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas
emissions resulting from extracting, manufacturing,
and installing materials and products over the life
cycle of a building.2 These emissions can also include
the use phase and treatment of materials at the end
of their useful lives (e.g., reuse, recycling, landfilling).
It’s critical to understand which life-cycle stages are being considered in any study of embodied carbon.
The most common characterizations are “cradle to
gate” (covering material extraction, transportation,
and manufacturing) and “cradle to grave” (which also
includes the use phase and end-of-life considerations).
End-of-life considerations are important for
developing a holistic and consistent view of the
environmental impacts that a material has through its
disposal or reuse. However, end-of-life considerations
are often omitted due to data scarcity, uncertainty
about eventual treatment (will a product be landfilled, recycled, or reused?), or other unknowns.
This report will only consider the cradle-to-gate lifecycle stages, or up-front embodied carbon. These stages correspond to the A1–A3 life-cycle stages
that are commonly used for life cycle analysis,3
which refer to raw material supply, transport to the
manufacturing site, and manufacturing. Up-front
embodied carbon includes emissions related to the
extraction, transportation (from extraction site to
manufacturing site), and manufacture of materials. It
does not include emissions related to transportation
to the construction site, the construction or use
phases, or end-of-life considerations. Therefore,
the core conclusions and case study analysis in this
report do not address end-of-life embodied carbon
considerations, although the report does discuss endof-life considerations at a high level.
Embodied carbon is critical for climate mitigation
because it accounts for upward of 11% of global
emissions4 (up to 23% by some estimates),5 but it
has not been addressed at nearly the same scale
as operational emissions (the emissions associated
with energy consumption). As global construction
continues to rise, and existing building operations
become more efficient, embodied carbon will become
an increasingly significant issue—accounting for
approximately 50% of global building-sector emissions
between now and 2050. This growing problem will
account for a significant amount of our remaining
carbon budget for keeping global warming below
1.5°C, and it needs to be addressed by policymakers
and practitioners now to drive the most impact.6
The Time Value of Carbon
In the quest to reduce the emissions generated
from building construction and operations, the most
valuable opportunity for reducing carbon is at the
beginning of a building's life. Embodied carbon is
critical to mitigating global climate change, because
most of these emissions typically occur up front, at
the start of a building’s life cycle. Architecture 2030 reports that “[u]nlike operational carbon emissions,
which can be reduced over time with building energy
efficiency renovations and the use of renewable
energy, embodied carbon emissions are locked in
place as soon as a building is built. It is critical that we get a handle on embodied carbon now if we hope to
phase out fossil fuel emissions by the year 2050.”
Global construction is booming and is projected to
continue to rise for decades.7 It is therefore critical to reduce embodied carbon emissions as quickly as
possible, because the emissions from construction
today can remain in the atmosphere for hundreds
of years. Reducing and avoiding both embodied and
operating emissions is our best strategy for reducing
the overall quantity of CO2e in the atmosphere.
Lowering Embodied Carbon Can
Drive Value
Embodied carbon reductions can deliver value beyond
reducing carbon emissions.
Embodied carbon reductions can often reduce project
costs. Reducing the amount of material needed in a
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project is one of the first steps that building designers can take to reduce embodied carbon. Procuring
fewer materials will cost the owner and developer
less money. Further, carbon-reduction strategies that
reduce the cement content of many concrete mixes
can also reduce cost, as cement is a driver of both cost and carbon for concrete. Projects that use mass timber
for structural components also reduce project costs
due to faster construction times with more modular
components and simpler connections.
Low-embodied-carbon products also often reduce
energy consumption in extraction, manufacturing,
and/or transportation. Unless their process is
driven by carbon-intensive chemical reactions, lowembodied-carbon products will, by nature, result in energy savings upstream of a material’s end use.
These savings typically result in operational cost
savings for material manufacturers, which may be
passed on to the end consumer.
Building projects that reduce embodied carbon and/
or include a whole-building life cycle assessment
(WBLCA) can help to meet green building
certification requirements. Certifications that
incorporate embodied carbon include the Building
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment
Method (BREEAM), Excellence in Design for Greater
Efficiencies (EDGE), LEED v4 from the U.S. Green
Building Council, and both the Zero Carbon and
Living Building Challenge certifications from the
International Living Future Institute (ILFI).8
A low-embodied-carbon building design will also be
better prepared for future code or policy changes
that incentivize or require low embodied carbon.
In the near term, these changes could take the
form of a carbon tax, building code requirements,
procurement policies (e.g., Buy Clean policies),
development incentives, or other regulatory
mechanisms. Although localities are unlikely to
implement retroactive policies requiring lowembodied-carbon building design, building to a lowembodied-carbon standard will prepare developers, designers, and the construction industry for these
likely future scenarios.
Finally, reducing emissions in the extraction,
manufacturing, and transportation of low-embodiedcarbon materials improves air quality and public health in communities located close to industrial
centers. These health and environmental benefits
are especially important for communities of color,
including Black, Latinx, and Indigenous communities
and people in areas with lower incomes, who are most
directly impacted by industrial emissions through
higher rates of asthma and other diseases.9
Setting the Stage
This report will lay out a framework for reducing
embodied carbon in buildings and highlight the ways
that the construction industry can cost-effectively
reduce embodied carbon in some of the most
prevalent building construction types in the United
States today.
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Key Materials Driving Embodied
Carbon in US Buildings
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Industry Overview
In order to tackle embodied carbon in buildings and
initiate a sector-wide shift toward addressing the
issue, we first need to understand the carbon impact
of the industries driving embodied carbon emissions.
WBLCAs show us that a building’s structure and
substructure typically constitute the largest source of its up-front embodied carbon, up to 80% depending
on building type.10 However, because of the relatively
rapid renovation of building interiors associated with
tenancy and turnover, the total embodied carbon
from interiors can account for a similar amount of
emissions over the lifetime of a building. In this report, we focus primarily on structural materials, metals
(including steel and aluminum), cement, insulation,
and timber. Each of these materials has a different
embodied carbon content but is critical to our
consideration of structural systems in this context.
We can better understand the carbon embodied in
buildings by looking at these materials individually:
cement and concrete, steel, timber, and insulation.
Key Materials Driving Embodied
Carbon in US Buildings
Typical high-embodied-carbon structural elements, building envelope materials, and finish materials
Exhibit 2
Source: Mithun
Rigid Insulation
Beams + Columns
Floor + Roofs
Ceiling Tile
1. Structure
3. Finishes
2. Building Envelope
Carpet
Gypsum Wall Board
Metal Panels
Glass
Precast Panels
Aluminium Mullions
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Cement and Concrete
Concrete is one of the most widely used materials
in the construction industry and a primary source
of embodied carbon in buildings. In fact, global use
of concrete exceeds the consumption of any other
material, aside from water.11 Although each of concrete’s constituent materials offer opportunities for reductions in embodied carbon, the high embodied carbon of
concrete is primarily driven by the manufacture of one
key ingredient—ordinary portland cement. Portland
cement is the most common cementitious binder used
in concrete mixtures in the United States, and the US
cement industry is one of the largest contributors to
US-borne emissions at 68.3 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2e per year.12
While the layperson may use “cement” and “concrete”
interchangeably, they are unique materials, and
understanding the difference is key to the embodied
carbon discussion. To build a building, construction
professionals buy concrete (which contains cement), not the cement itself. Cement is used with water as a binder to adhere particles of sand and rock (aggregate) together to form concrete. The manufacture of cement tends to
be centralized, and the mixing of cement into concrete
is highly localized to minimize the expense of moving
heavy aggregate.
Nearly 60% of CO2
emissions from cement production
come from chemical reactions that occur while
producing clinker, an intermediary component
of cement.13 Since these emissions are the result
of chemical reactions, they cannot be reduced or
eliminated by increasing energy efficiency or by
switching fuels. As such, one way to reduce the
embodied carbon content of cement is by replacing a
portion of the cement with supplementary cementitious
materials (SCMs) such as fly ash and slag or by using a clinker-free alternative to portland cement.
However, SCMs are in high demand due to their ability to reduce the embodied carbon of cement and concrete,14
and some SCMs are becoming less widely available.
For instance, supply of fly ash, a by-product of coal
power generation, is falling as coal is used less and less as a power generation source. High-quality aggregate
can also reduce the amount of cement needed to
produce concrete due to better adhesion and other
properties. In some cases, it can even be worthwhile to import aggregate, as the improved strength properties
can outweigh the carbon emissions associated with
transportation.15
The remaining 40% of cement production emissions
come from the burning of fossil fuels to heat the kilns required to produce clinker. The electrification of cement production, as well as the use of alternative fuels such as biomass and renewable energy, could help reduce
emissions, but these strategies are currently in early
stages of development and adoption. Researchers
are exploring carbon capture techniques that would
capture and store carbon emissions from the cement
kilns as a potential solution, but these technologies
are not market-ready. Because emissions associated
with cement are so significant (almost 1 kg of CO2
for
each kg of cement manufactured), many researchers
are working on emerging technologies to address this
issue.16 Today’s technologies can help manufacturers
make cement products with substantially less emissions
at competitive prices, and emerging technologies may
be able to produce zero-embodied-carbon cement, or
even net carbon-negative products.17
The building construction industry’s demand for
concrete accounts for an estimated 51% of total portland cement produced in the United States.18 Given its
evident popularity in building construction, it’s essential we address the high carbon intensity of this material.
A forthcoming guide by RMI outlines how concrete
ready-mix suppliers, developers, and contractors can
leverage proven and cost-effective solutions to lower the embodied carbon of concrete.
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Steel
The US steel industry is responsible for 104.6 MMT of
CO2 emissions annually, a contribution that makes up
2% of total US emissions.19 Steel industry emissions have dropped by approximately 60% since 1990, largely due
to technological improvements as well as increased
recycling of scrap steel.20 Even so, steel is a substantial source of embodied carbon emissions for the built
environment that could theoretically be reduced to zero either through material substitution or through the
production of cleaner steel.
In recent decades, the US steel industry has shifted away from the use of integrated steel mills and the primary
use of blast oxygen furnaces, toward the use of more
efficient electric arc furnaces (EAF), which use scrap steel as a primary input. Of all the US steel made in 2016, 70% was manufactured using efficient electric arc furnaces,21 reflecting a switch that has indeed reduced the carbon
footprint of steel. However, steel production remains an incredibly energy intensive process, and steel destined for the built environment is still responsible for 46 MMT of CO2 emissions annually,22 because EAFs are effectively as “clean” as their energy source.
The most straightforward way to reduce embodied
carbon for structural steel today is to specify steel
produced in facilities that operate using relatively lowemissions (or zero-emissions) energy sources such as hydroelectric, renewable hydrogen, solar, or wind.23
Although zero-carbon steel may not be market-ready
today, specifying steel produced in efficient factories will ensure less energy is used in production. In
combination with cleaner electricity, this step can make a significant difference.24
Structural steel is the predominant structural framing
material used in building construction, holding 46% of
the market share for structural framing materials for
nonresidential and multistory residential construction
in 2017. Concrete and wood held 34% and 10% of the
market share, respectively.25 Steel reinforcing or “rebar,” which is typically embedded in structural concrete, can also be a major use of steel.
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Timber
Timber has been used in building construction for
thousands of years and is still one of the most widely
used building materials. In 2017, building construction accounted for 62% of wood product end use in the
United States. Although conventionally used for
construction of single-family houses and low-rise
buildings, wood is attracting interest worldwide for
the construction of taller buildings as wood products
become an effective alternative to more carbonintensive concrete and steel.
With the introduction of innovative design strategies
and engineered wood products such as cross-laminated
timber (CLT), wood is steadily becoming a more viable
material option for low- and mid-rise buildings. The
cost-effectiveness of wood products has helped drive
interest as costs of steel and concrete rise, and wood
products offer additional benefits for design flexibility, construction speed, and reduced environmental impact.
Although CLT is not yet widely used in the United States, the wood-framed “podium” building design, which
includes several stories of wood over one story of
concrete, is gaining in popularity.
Timber could even be considered a net carbonsequestering material, because the carbon sequestered during a tree’s growth can surpass the carbon emitted
during harvesting and manufacturing. However, this
determination depends on the method of cultivation
and harvest as well as the end-of-life considerations
of the material. Considering wood as a carbonsequestering material is a point of contention among industry experts, with debate largely revolving around
varying forestry and harvesting practices and their
effect on emissions. Nevertheless, timber is typically
seen as a lower-carbon alternative to steel and concrete when used as a structural material.
In order to fully understand the impact of timber
materials, environmental assessments must first
account for variation in forest management and
harvesting practices, because differences in these
practices produce great disparities in the amount
of carbon sequestered. For example, the Forest
Stewardship Council (FSC) certifies that wood
products are responsibly and sustainably produced,
and specifying FSC-certified products is a positive
step toward managing low-carbon wood products.26
However, FSC is not the only source of sustainably
harvested wood, and groups that do not pursue
certification can also have excellent forest management practices. When wood is not harvested sustainably,
the resulting ecological destruction, increased soil
degradation, and use of petroleum-based fertilizers can drastically increase the embodied carbon content of
wood products.
As demand grows for wood products, it will be crucial
to ensure this demand is met with sustainable forestry
management practices. Otherwise, the broader use
of timber as a building product could result in higher
carbon emissions and less ecological diversity.27
Insulation
Insulation products are essential to creating operationally efficient buildings. Although they may represent a relatively small portion of an overall construction cost budget, they can be a significant contributor to a building’s embodied carbon budget. This category of materials has products
with a broad range of embodied carbon impacts, from
carbon-intensive, petrochemical-based contributors to
carbon-negative options. For example, rigid or spray foam products have the greatest associated emissions, whereas biological-based materials (such as cellulose and cotton products) can contribute very little embodied carbon or even be considered as net carbon-sequestering products.
The insulative capacity of a product, measured as thermal resistance, or R-value, varies between material type,
with high values indicating higher performing insulation.
Biological-based materials tend to have lower R-values
than carbon-intensive materials and would require a
thicker application of the product to achieve an equivalent level of performance. Exhibit 3 demonstrates the relative up-front embodied carbon emissions associated with
various insulation materials.
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Moving Forward
Although embodied carbon reduction strategies exist
today, there are several significant barriers to achieving these reductions. Perceptions of high cost, along with
industry resistance to change, have stifled progress.
Misinformation and low product availability have
contributed to misconceptions that low-embodiedcarbon products are more complicated to use or procure, or that they are inferior in strength or quality.
Additionally, most industry decision makers and
developers remain unaware of the embodied carbon
discussion and therefore do not know to request these
products to begin with, or they might not be aware of
tools that can help them identify and track their project’s emissions. Structural engineers, architects, and other
specifiers could significantly reduce embodied carbon in new construction projects at little to no additional cost by using the tools and resources available to them today, detailed in Section 3.
There are many more materials and construction
methods that can deliver substantial carbon reductions
in buildings beyond what is covered in this report. The processes, solutions, and case studies offered in the
following sections can help developers, designers,
and construction professionals achieve low embodied
carbon in buildings based on today’s best practices.
Embodied carbon of insulation materials (kg CO2 Exhibit 3 e) 3,319 Cellulose
Fiberglass 2,053
Mineral Wool 4,730
Closed Cell Sprayfoam (HFC) 17,518
Closed Cell Sprayfoam (HFO) 9,948
22,312 Straw Bale
18,257 Hempcrete
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) 2,517
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) 20,205
Net Carbon Emitting
Net Carbon Sequestering
Source: Chris Magwood, Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Storage in Building Materials, 10.13140/RG.2.2.32171.39208, 2019.
Note: The amount of CO2e is based on R-20 at 234 m2.
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Proven Solutions and Strategies to
Reduce Embodied Carbon
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Proven Solutions and Strategies to
Reduce Embodied Carbon
Building a common understanding of solutions
and strategies to reduce embodied carbon in
buildings is a critical first step to testing the
economic value and technical potential of lowembodied-carbon construction.
Characterizing Low-Embodied-Carbon
Solutions
Today, there are many solutions that can be leveraged
to limit embodied carbon in new buildings. The totality of low-embodied-carbon solutions includes a long list
of offerings that span a wide range of complexity.
Most simply, low-embodied-carbon solutions for
buildings can be broken down into three main
categories: whole-building design, one-for-one
material substitution, and specification. In general,
whole-building design solutions can drive the
greatest embodied carbon savings. However, material
substitution and specification can also result in
substantial embodied carbon savings, especially when
these solutions target carbon-intensive materials such
as concrete and steel. Furthermore, these categories
are not mutually exclusive—they can be combined
or performed in parallel to drive deeper embodied
carbon savings.
The examples corresponding with each strategy
barely scratch the surface of possible low-embodiedcarbon solutions.
As the world becomes more fluent in low-embodiedcarbon construction, new design strategies may prove themselves more impactful, some materials may be
produced more efficiently, and architectural styles may shift—all changing the calculation around designing for low embodied carbon.
Whole-building design
Initial decisions that affect the fundamental design of a building to reduce embodied carbon while meeting the
functional requirements of the project.
These strategies include adaptive reuse of an existing
building, reducing the overall square footage of a project, using more efficient structural systems or alternative building techniques, using prefabricated systems or components, and designing to minimize waste.
Example
Minimizing the overall quantity of material used in a building, especially high-embodied-carbon materials such as concrete, steel, and petrochemical-based insulation products, can significantly reduce the overall embodied carbon of a project.
Impact
Designing for additional levels of structural efficiency and material savings can yield “compounding efficiency,” where lighter structures reduce material quantities as well as requirements for foundations. This can directly result in material cost savings.
Key Considerations
Tracking embodied carbon in terms of kilograms of CO2e
per square foot is key to quantifying the benefit of material quantity reductions. Structural engineers often design for efficiency automatically based on economics, but because they work within the framing scheme shared by the architect, engineers and architects need a collaborative approach to achieve deeper savings.
One-for-one material substitution
Direct replacement of one material with another that will meet the functional requirements of the original design while having a lower global warming potential (GWP).
Example
Choosing cellulose as an insulating material in place of a petroleum-based insulation (e.g., expanded polystyrene) can achieve the same functional need (insulation) while dramatically reducing the embodied carbon of the overall project.
Impact
In some cases, insulation products can lead to near-zero or net negative (sequestering) carbon emissions.
Key Considerations
When considering two materials, it’s important to consider their functional performance. For insulation products, this includes their thermal properties (e.g., R-value) as well as their form factors (e.g., blown product, rigid board, batt) and other performance qualities (whether they also provide an air barrier, resist fire, repel pests, etc.).
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Applying Low-Embodied-Carbon Solutions
to the Design and Construction Process
The most effective path to reducing cost and carbon on
a building construction or renovation project is to set embodied carbon goals and perform analyses early in
the design process. The initial prioritization of embodied carbon will enable the design team to consider wholebuilding design solutions, which can yield substantial reductions in embodied carbon. It’s important that
design solutions are established early in the process
because it becomes more difficult and expensive to
make fundamental changes as the project becomes
more definite.
Other interventions, such as material replacement and
specification, naturally occur later in the design process when the project is more defined. Substituting and
specifying low-embodied-carbon materials alone can
have significant impact on the embodied carbon of a
construction or renovation project.
Strategies to reduce embodied carbon exist for
every stage of the design process, from predesign
and site selection through occupancy (see Exhibit
4). Implementing these strategies falls under the
responsibility of numerous stakeholders and requires
a level of collaboration beyond standard practice. To
foster the strong working relationships needed to
execute these strategies, it is critical that the project owner bring together the architect, engineer, energy
or sustainability consultant, contractor (if possible), and other major stakeholders at the outset of a
project to establish roles and responsibilities and
set frequent check-ins throughout the design and
construction process.
Specification
Establishing a value or limit for a material characteristic that will dramatically reduce embodied carbon content.
Example
A designer can specify a desired percent reduction of GWP in a given concrete mix. To meet this demand, the manufacturer could incorporate changes to the concrete mix design that reduces embodied carbon while meeting the necessary
strength requirements. These changes may include lowering the ratio of portland cement, incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), or using aggregate that will result in lower total embodied carbon.
Impact
Cement often drives the embodied carbon of a given concrete mix, and lowering its content will reduce the carbon impact of the project.
Key Considerations
Reducing portland cement content may lead to notable
changes in process, such as longer cure times for a given cement mix. Note that for a given material choice, the
design team can use open-source tools such as EC3 or other databases (see page 19 for more information on these
resources) to identify the lower-carbon, cost-comparable option for their project. Some suppliers may not have
environmental product declaration (EPD) data displaying the embodied carbon content of the material to prove it has a lower embodied carbon content than standard products.
These data limitations are expected to improve as demand grows for low-embodied-carbon materials.
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Packet Pg. 889 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Strategies to reduce embodied carbon throughout the design and development process
Exhibit 4
Predesign &
Site Selection
1 Conceptual &
Schematic
Design
2 Design
Development
& Construction
Documents
3 Bidding &
Procurement
4 Construction
5 Occupancy:
Maintenance,
Renovations &
Tenant Fit-Outs
6 Primary Roles
Consider reusing an existing building before deciding to design a new building.
Assess soil type and determine options for the building’s foundation. Some types of foundations use greater quantities of materials than others.
Consider salvaging or reusing materials from a building that is to be deconstructed.
Set an embodied carbon budget for the project based on LCA calculations for similar buildings or case studies.
Ensure structural systems are compact, efficient, and not oversized.
Design flexible and efficient spaces that allow for long-term changes in use.
Design for future disassembly and reuse.
Consider the embodied carbon trade-offs related to architectural design decisions such as massing, envelope systems, foundations, and landscaping.
Conduct an initial whole-building LCA (WBLCA) or perform an LCA for “hot spot” materials or assemblies with higher carbon intensities.
Select building systems and assemblies that minimize embodied carbon.
Assess availability of local reused and locally sourced materials.
Specify material characteristics that result in low embodied carbon.
Substitute like-for-like materials that offer lower global warming potential Consider the embodied carbon trade-offs related to architectural and structural refinements and changes.
Update WBLCA as needed.
Incorporate clear embodied carbon goals in all procurement language and set building system or material-specific goals.
Include requirements for product substitutions in the specifications.
Request embodied carbon data, including EPDs, from all vendors.
Include previous work, experience, and proposed solutions that address embodied carbon in any procurement selection criteria.
Design a subcontractor selection process that incentivizes bidders to offer lower-embodied-carbon materials and methods.
Establish clear guidelines and targets to reduce construction waste.
Hold contractors accountable for delivering low-embodied-carbon design committed to in previous phases.
Consider offering monetary performance bonuses for additional embodied carbon reductions identified and executed during the construction process.
Document the as-built embodied carbon content of the building and publish the data.
Update WBLCA as needed.
Debrief and apply lessons learned to future projects.
Establish embodied carbon reduction targets for future
renovations and tenant fit-outs.
WholeBuilding
Design
Material
Substitution
Specification &
Procurement
Architect Contractor Manufacturer Owner Structural Engineer Geotechnical Engineer Landscape Architect Source: Partially adapted from Embodied Carbon Quick Guide: A Quick Reference Guide for Teams to Reduce their Project’s Embodied Carbon, International Living Future Institute, 2020.
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Current Tools for Implementation
A number of open-source and subscription-based
tools are available to support low-embodiedcarbon design and construction strategies. The following tools can be used to assess and reduce the
environmental impact of projects:
• The Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings is a
free software tool for conducting a comprehensive
life cycle assessment of buildings. It draws on an
embedded database of regionally specific material
life-cycle data. The tool allows for side-by-side
comparisons providing clear visibility into the
impacts of various design choices.
• The Carbon Smart Materials Palette is an
Architecture 2030 project that provides “attributebased design and material specification guidance” intended to connect designers and specifiers with
information about key materials and actionable
information about how to reduce embodied carbon
during the design and construction process.28
• The Embodied Carbon in Construction
Calculator (EC3) is an open-source database that
houses thousands of digitized, third-party verified
Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). This
tool is most useful in providing transparency of
information and comparing the carbon impact of
different product options across similar material
types. EC3 also allows users to compare the
up-front (A1–A3) embodied carbon impacts of
different building materials for a given project, but
it is not intended as a WBLCA tool.
• One Click LCA is a subscription-based software
product that integrates with building information
modeling (BIM) and an extensive database of
material EPDs to produce a life cycle assessment
in any design stage of a project.
• Tally is an application that allows architects and
engineers to perform highly detailed WBLCAs of
projects directly within the Revit design platform.
Redevelopment and Reuse
When embarking on a building project, the first
consideration should be whether new construction
is needed at all.29 The embodied carbon impact
of redeveloping an existing structure is 50% to
75% lower than the impact of constructing a new
building.30 By repurposing existing assets, both cost
and carbon emissions associated with new building
materials are avoided. Even if the foundation and
structure are the only elements retained, their reuse
will have a significant impact on the embodied carbon
of the project, because these components generally
account for a majority of a building’s carbon footprint.
If redeveloping an existing building is not a viable
option, consider incorporating recycled materials into
the design wherever possible. It is also important
to design with the end of the building’s life in mind,
ensuring the systems can be easily deconstructed and
reused or that the building can be easily reconfigured
to fill another use.
The following section presents case studies that
apply a number of low-embodied-carbon solutions
to achieve substantial embodied carbon reductions
at less than 1% additional cost.
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Packet Pg. 891 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Section 4
Case Studies in the Economics of
Low-Embodied-Carbon Buildings
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Overview
One of the core objectives of the report is to answer
the question: How much can we reduce embodied
carbon in new buildings at no additional cost?
In short, this study shows that embodied carbon
can be reduced by 19%–46% in mid-rise commercial
office, multifamily, and tilt-up-style buildings by
leveraging low- and no-cost measures. Together,
these measures increased overall project costs by
less than 1%, which is within the margin of error for
most construction project budgets.
Skanska, one of the world's leading sustainable
construction firms, provided cost data from
three actual projects in the Pacific Northwest and
conducted an analysis under the guidance of RMI to
generate the results of this study.
Case Studies in the Economics of
Low-Embodied-Carbon Buildings
Exhibit 5 Methodology and assumptions for the report's case study modeling exercises
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Methodology
Skanska and RMI chose the three building
construction types included in this study based on the
most significant building use types that exist in the
United States today by gross square footage.31 This
includes buildings with a steel-reinforced concrete
slab and steel and concrete above grade (case study
1), buildings with a steel-reinforced concrete slab and traditional timber framing above grade (case study 2),
and buildings with tilt-up construction (case study 3).
Case studies 1 and 2 are representative of traditional
mid-rise office and multifamily residential buildings,
whereas case study 3 represents a construction
methodology commonly used for big-box retail,
warehouses, and data centers.
Skanska chose three representative buildings of
these construction types from its recent construction
portfolio. As a full-service design, cost estimation,
and construction firm, Skanska was able to produce
quantity takeoffs and cost estimates for each of
these buildings. Skanska combined the quantity
takeoff information for these three projects
with environmental performance data from the
Embodied Carbon in Construction Calculator (EC3)
tool to develop a high-level estimate of the up-front
embodied carbon associated with constructing the
structural systems, insulation, glazing, and interior
finish materials within each existing building design.
The original cost and quantity takeoff information,
combined with the up-front (cradle-to-gate, or A1–A3)
embodied carbon data from EC3, established our
baseline case.
Skanska then modified each of these baseline
buildings to develop a “cost-effective embodied
carbon reduction” scenario. The main methodology
for this scenario was to select materials that represent the 80th percentile of carbon dioxide equivalent
established in available environmental product
declarations (EPDs) for the chosen material. EPDs
are essentially independently verified product labels
that approximate embodied carbon and other
environmental impacts. Skanska’s methodology
focused on one-for-one material substitution and
specification strategies, as performing whole-building
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design changes would be difficult to reflect in the
models. Then, Skanska performed a cost analysis to
either affirm that the chosen material would have
no attributable cost increase, or to calculate a cost
premium for the chosen material. The materials that
were chosen for this “cost-effective” scenario were not to increase total project cost by more than 1%.
RMI and Skanska also intended to include additional
embodied carbon reduction measures that would
drive deeper whole-building embodied carbon
reductions. Many of the measures in this category
are under development or not widely available in the
United States; others could not be accurately costed.
As a result, these advanced material solutions are not
included in the scenarios below but are addressed
qualitatively in section 5.
Limitations of This Study
Ideally, this study would incorporate data from
thousands of projects across the United States. Such
a sample would provide a diversity of cost estimates
from construction firms, an understanding of regional
variation in pricing and availability, and a statistically significant sample of costs and quantity takeoffs.
The data and the assertions made in this study
are based on the scenarios that RMI and Skanska
studied. However, they cannot be generalized to all
building typologies, or across every building project,
because they were not drawn from a statistically
significant sample, nor are these construction use
types perfectly representative of their respective
construction types.
Additionally, the case studies only address up-front
embodied carbon, which considers life-cycle stages
A1–A3 (extraction, manufacturing, and transportation
between those processes), or a cradle-to-gate system
boundary. The case studies do not consider the
emissions related to construction, use, or the end of
a product’s life (including any of the considerations in life-cycle stages A4–A5, B, C, or D).
Finally, this study does not include any whole-building design strategy changes. Although these strategies
(e.g., redesigning a building to use different or fewer structural materials) can often achieve significant
reductions at low cost, the scope of this project
limited our analysis to use of the EC3 tool. EC3 can
readily make specification and one-for-one material
substitution comparisons, but it does not have the
capability to inform whole-building design changes.
The following case studies detail our key findings for
each construction use type.
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Case Study 1: Mid-Rise Concrete and Steel Construction
In a five-story, 200,000 ft2, mixed-use office building with a steel-reinforced concrete slab and steel and concrete above-grade construction, we identified a potential 46% reduction in up-front embodied carbon by focusing on a wide array of building components. The cost premium for this reduction in embodied carbon is less than 0.5% of the overall project cost.
Structural systems
Glazing
Roofing
Interior wall materials (unfinished)
Insulation
46% < 0.5% 2,228
Of Total Budget
Up-front embodied carbon
reduction from baseline
Cost premium of lowembodied-carbon
measures
CO2
e reduced
(metric tons)
Building components in
scope
Top no-cost measures (measures that do not add to total project cost) Specify lower-embodied-carbon products:
Ready-mix concrete: optimize ready-mix supplier award selection, procure lower cement mix designs, and allow for 56-day strength obtainment Metal decking
Roofing
One-for-one material substitution:
Gypsum sheathing
Insulation materials: procure lower-embodied-carbon insulation products such as polyiso or mineral wool batt in lieu of materials with higher GWPs, such as XPS
Top low-cost measures (measures that have a small cost premium associated with lower-embodied-carbon alternatives) Specify lower-embodied-carbon products:
Glazing: procure lower-embodied-carbon glazing products Structural steel and rebar: strategically procure steel from mills that incorporate high recycled content steel, electric arc furnace technology, and clean electrical supply
Steel Proposed (excl rebar)Baseline Concrete Rebar Glazing Insulation
Embodied Carbon Reduction by
Material Category
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Case Study 2: Mid-Rise Stick-Built Construction
In a six-story, 125,000 ft2, mixed-use multifamily building with lumber framing above a steel-reinforced concrete slab, we identified a potential 41% reduction in up-front embodied carbon by focusing on a wide array of building components. The cost premium for this reduction in embodied carbon is less than 0.5% of the overall project cost, in line with the results of case study 1.
Steel Proposed
(excl rebar)
Flooring/ Glazing Doors
Paint
Baseline Insulation Concrete Rebar
Embodied Carbon Reduction by
Material Category
Structural systems
Glazing
Roofing
Interior wall materials
Insulation
Wall/floor finish materials
41% < 0.5% 1,482
Of Total Budget
Up-front embodied carbon
reduction from baseline
Cost premium of lowembodied-carbon
measures
CO2
e reduced
(metric tons)
Building components in
scope
Top low-cost measures (measures that have a small cost premium associated with lower-embodied-carbon alternatives) Specify lower-embodied-carbon products:
Glazing: procure lower-embodied-carbon glazing products Structural steel and rebar: strategically procure steel from mills that incorporate high recycled content steel, electric arc furnace technology, and clean electrical supply
Top no-cost measures (measures that do not add to total project cost) Specify lower-embodied-carbon products:
Ready-mix concrete: optimize ready mix supplier award selection, procure lower cement mix designs for foundation and basement, and allow for 56-day strength obtainment
Moisture barrier: choose lower-embodied-carbon products Wood: procure locally produced and sustainably sourced wood products, including structural wood and sheathing products Gypsum sheathing: procure lower-embodied-carbon gypsum sheathing products Insulation materials: procure lower-embodied-carbon insulation products such as polyiso or mineral wool batt in lieu of materials with higher global warming potential (GWP), such as XPS
Interior and fit-out: choose interior finish and fit-out products with lower embodied carbon content, including interior and exterior doors, carpet tiles, paints, and interior walls
One-for-one material substitution:
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Case Study 3: Tilt-Up Construction
In a 360,000 ft2 tilt-up concrete warehouse, we identified a potential 19% reduction in up-front embodied carbon by focusing on shell and core materials only. The cost premium for this reduction in embodied carbon is less than 1% of the project cost—a slightly higher premium as compared with case studies 1 and 2 but still within the margin of error for most construction projects.
Steel Proposed (excl rebar)Baseline Concrete Rebar Gypsum
Embodied Carbon Reduction by
Material Category
Shell and core materials only:
Concrete
Rebar
Structural steel
Metal decking
Glazing
Metal panels
Roofing
Gypsum sheathing 19% < 1% 2,501 Rigid insulation Of Total Budget Up-front embodied carbon
reduction from baseline
Cost premium of lowembodied-carbon
measures
CO2
e reduced
(metric tons)
Building components in
scope
Top no-cost measures (measures that do not add to total project cost) Specify lower-embodied-carbon products:
Insulation materials: procure lower-embodied-carbon insulation products such as polyiso or mineral wool batt in lieu of materials with higher GWP, such as XPS
Ready-mix concrete: optimize ready mix supplier award selection, procure lower cement mix designs for foundation and basement, and allow for 56-day strength obtainment
Top low-cost measures (measures that have a small cost premium associated with lower-embodied-carbon alternatives) Specify lower-embodied-carbon products:
Glazing: procure lower-embodied-carbon glazing products Structural steel and rebar: strategically procure steel from mills that incorporate high recycled content steel, electric arc furnace technology, and clean electrical supply
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Packet Pg. 898 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 27
Interior Fit-Out
Although it is commonly understood that the structure
of a typical building accounts for the majority of
the building’s up-front embodied carbon footprint,
examining the recurring cycle of renovation over a
building’s life reveals the importance of interior finish materials.
In some cases, the cumulative impacts of multiple
renovation cycles can surpass the up-front embodied
carbon accumulated during a building’s construction.32
A recent report from architecture and design firm
Hawley Peterson Snyder conservatively estimated
that building interiors are renovated or replaced on a
15-year cycle, adding to the building’s total embodied
carbon each time.33 In cities with high frequency of
tenant improvements, this cycle could be much shorter.
Building typology also plays a key factor in the relative impact of interior fit-outs. For instance, commercial
and residential buildings are renovated at higher
frequencies than other buildings, leading to higher
cumulative impacts of embodied carbon.
In a 2019 study, the Carbon Leadership Forum
measured the impacts of initial construction combined
with mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) and
tenant improvements (TI), recurring at intervals of 15
years. The results indicated that when replacements
of MEP and TI accumulate over a 60-year building
life span, the combined impacts exceed the initial
construction impacts in certain cases.34
Materials used for interior fit-outs are often made
by companies with highly variable product lines, so
providing EPDs for each product can be time- and
cost-prohibitive.35 In a study conducted by the Carbon
Leadership Forum, the material categories that were
found to carry the highest global warming potential
(GWP) in interior fit-outs, such as aluminum-framed
storefronts, HVAC components, interior partitions, and
wood flooring and underlayment, lacked essential LCA
data.36 These current data limitations are expected to
improve as demand grows for low-embodied-carbon
fit-out materials. Design practitioners should reduce
the quantity of high-embodied-carbon materials if a
low-impact alternative is not available in their region.
Further Opportunities to Reduce
Embodied Carbon in Case Study Buildings
There are several embodied carbon reduction
opportunities that go beyond the specification and
one-for-one material substitution opportunities
included in our analysis. These include:
• Interior finish and fit-out reductions,i including:
• Substituting traditional drywall with lightweight
or alternative (plant-based) drywall materials
• Substituting low-embodied-carbon carpet tiles
made from alternative materials
• Specifying lower-embodied-carbon ceiling tiles
and paint products
• Replacing or redesigning cladding and structural
elements,ii such as:
• Replacing metal decking or light-gauge steel
wall panels with wood-based alternatives
• Redesigning entire structural systems to
leverage lighter-weight materials (such as
wood) and recalculating the size and material
content of slabs and other foundational
structural elements
• Whole-building design considerations,iii including:
• Adaptive reuse of existing buildings
• Reducing floor area for greater occupant
density or more efficient use of floor space
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Discussion
These results lead us to a few powerful observations.
Even though the strategies employed do not include
comprehensive whole-building design strategies,
they still yield a 19%–46% reduction in up-front
embodied carbon through specification and material
substitution measures. Given that these conclusions
are based on three case studies in the Pacific
Northwest, we can note them as strong anecdotal
evidence, rather than broadly applicable conclusions.
We had hoped to draw stronger conclusions from
these case studies about the cost, carbon, and
material impacts of substituting more structural steel
and concrete with wood, but because of the limits of
our study (namely the fact that we were not able to
redesign building structural systems), we were unable
to draw such conclusions.
i Interior finish and fit-out reductions were included to a limited extent in case study 2; they were excluded from the other case studies because interior fit-out and finish materials were not included in the bill of materials for the original projects. ii These changes were not considered in the case studies because they would have required a level of structural redesign beyond the scope of the project.
iii Because this analysis was based on buildings that had already been designed and specified, these changes fell outside the scope of the project.
Key Findings
1. Optimizing the ready-mix concrete design can lead to significant embodied carbon reductions at no cost. Ready-mix concrete design optimization yielded a 14%–33% reduction in project-wide embodied carbon across the three scenarios when compared with the baseline buildings. Depending on the changes to mix design, this measure carries either no cost or a possible cost reduction.
2. Rebar with high recycled content coming from efficient mills, electric arc furnaces, and clean electrical grids can have dramatic impacts at a small cost premium. Rebar contributed up to 10% of total project embodied carbon content in the case study 1 and 2 buildings. For these projects in the Pacific Northwest, the up-front embodied carbon of rebar can be cut in half with minimal impact to the overall project budget, although rebar with high recycled material content may not be available at a low cost premium in other regions.
3. Insulation material selection can drive project-level embodied carbon, but it depends on the baseline material types selected and the quantity of insulation. Case study 2 showed insulation as approximately 20% of the building’s baseline embodied carbon content, leveraging a traditional foam-based insulation board. Rigid and spray foam insulation products utilizing HFO or other low-GWP based foaming agents can reduce embodied carbon impacts significantly. Several emerging products also leverage plant-based materials, which have the potential to store more carbon than is emitted in their production.
4. Glazing remains a critical challenge for reducing embodied carbon, as the process of producing glass requires a significant amount of heat and high-embodied-carbon materials for framing. Products available today can cut embodied carbon in glazing by approximately 25%, but at a 10% cost premium.
5. Finish materials can serve as a key carbon-reduction or carbon-storage opportunity. Case study 2 showed that preoccupancy finish materials (e.g., flooring, carpet tiles, ceiling tiles, and paint) can account for approximately 10% of project-level cradle-to-gate embodied carbon. Some of these elements are capable of >50% reductions at no up-front cost premium, and in some locales, carbon-sequestering materials may even be available.37
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Packet Pg. 900 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 3% reduction
Concrete
Optimize concrete mix
14%
33%
14%–33% reduction
None to low-cost premium
See case studies 1, 2, and 3
Rebar
Use high recycled
content rebar
4%
10%
4%–10% reduction
None to low-cost
premium
See case studies 1, 2
Insulation
Select low- or
no-embodied-carbon
insulation products
16%
16% reduction
No cost premium
See case study 2
Finish
Materials
Select low- or
no-embodied-carbon
finish materials (e.g.,
flooring, carpet tiles,
ceiling tiles, paint)
5%
5% reduction
None to low-cost
premium
See case study 2
Glazing
Select
low-embodied-carbon
glazing products
3%
10% cost premium
See case study 2
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 29
The categories in which a project's embodied carbon can be reduced for little to no cost
Exhibit 6
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Packet Pg. 901 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Section 5
Opportunities to Drive Deeper
Savings
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The case studies in Section 4 demonstrate that
the technology and solutions available today can
economically lower the embodied carbon of buildings.
Although not a part of this study, there are several
additional financial levers that could further improve
the economics of low-embodied-carbon buildings:
• Internal carbon pricing: Applying a monetary
cost to carbon via a carbon tax or self-induced
corporate carbon pricing could dramatically
increase the value of low-embodied-carbon
design to the developer. Companies like
Microsoft have implemented an internal cost
of carbon that is used to influence decisions
toward reducing carbon emissions, including
construction carbon emissions.
• Consumer savings: Scaling production of lowembodied-carbon materials could result in cost savings being passed on to the consumer. Savings
from reducing portland cement in a concrete mix,
for instance, may today be realized only by the
ready-mix supplier, but with added transparency
and growing demand for concrete with lower
cement content, these savings may become a
benefit for the purchaser as well.
• Market competition: Increasing the production
of low-embodied-carbon materials is likely
to reduce the cost of the materials. This may
also be accelerated by increased demand from
preferential purchasing policies.
• Developing and reducing embodied carbon
targets: Requiring the measurement of embodied
carbon for new buildings and renovation projects
alone will lead to greater demands for lowembodied-carbon materials and construction techniques. Once embodied carbon is regularly
measured, codes, policies, and standards will
become stronger tools for setting stringent
targets. This will in turn reduce costs as a result
of greater market penetration, familiarity, and
production of critical products.
As the business case for low-embodied-carbon
construction continues to grow and more
practitioners adopt reduction strategies as standard
practice, it is important to acknowledge key factors
that can influence how low-embodied-carbon
opportunities are approached in any given project.
Regional differences and data disparities may
enable certain low-embodied-carbon solutions and
prohibit others. Emerging low-embodied-carbon
materials and techniques can make limiting
embodied carbon simpler, less expensive, or more
impactful as they become available. Finally, lowembodied-carbon building codes and policies are gaining momentum across the United States and will
increase market demand for low-embodied-carbon
materials and construction.
Regional Differences
Regional variations in labor force, material supply
availability, carbon intensity of energy grids, and other factors can significantly alter the economic viability, availability, and workforce capabilities around specific low-embodied-carbon solutions.
Electricity used during manufacturing can come from
regional sources with varying degrees of carbon
intensity. For instance, some steel products made
in factories using electric arc furnaces can be very
low in embodied carbon if the electricity comes
from hydropower or other zero-carbon sources. In
regions using coal and other carbon-intensive fuels
to generate electricity, those same steel products will have much higher embodied carbon.
Opportunities to Drive Deeper
Savings
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The transportation of materials within or across
geographic regions can significantly impact the
embodied carbon of a product. Although the
manufacturing stage typically emits the highest
levels of carbon in the life cycle of a given product,
transportation emissions can be substantial,
particularly when a large quantity of material is
transported across long distances. When evaluating
low-embodied-carbon material options, emissions
associated with transport to the construction site
(lifecycle stage A4) should be considered alongside
the embodied carbon of the given material (lifecycle
stages A1–A3). It is worth noting that many studies,
including this study, do not incorporate lifecycle
stage A4 because the information is not readily
available via tools such as EC3. Additionally, it requires an additional side calculation for each material
depending on its source. In some cases, specifying
local materials that cut down on transportation
emissions will be the better option, whereas in other
cases it will be better to ship materials with low upfront embodied carbon from farther away.
The capability of a local labor force to work with
low-embodied-carbon products varies, affecting a
design and construction team’s ability to implement
certain low-embodied-carbon solutions. Many
products—such as low-embodied-carbon carpet
tiles, thinner wall gypsum boards, and sustainably
sourced sheathing products—look, feel, and are
typically installed like their traditional counterparts.
However, constructing a mass timber structural
system or working with a new cement chemistry may
be a skill set less common to a given region, which
can risk additional time and expense for a project
that specifies these solutions without a trained and
knowledgeable workforce.
The negative impacts of regional differences will
decrease as demand grows for low-embodied-carbon
products, labor forces gain experience with new skill
sets and construction methods, and training becomes
available to work with these materials and solutions.
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Regional Data Disparity
Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) are a key
tool for selecting low-embodied-carbon products.
The availability of EPDs varies by region due to
manufacturers supplying data based on demand from
the local public and private sectors.
The graphs below (Exhibit 13) show the range of
embodied carbon content in ready-mix concrete from
EPDs across California, New York, and Georgia. The
highest value within the colored area indicates that
80% of products represented have less embodied
carbon than the value listed, demonstrating a
conservative target for reduction. A tighter, but still achievable target is demonstrated by the lowest value
within the colored area, indicating that only 20% of
products represented have less embodied carbon
than the value listed. This range is similar across all locales, whereas the extreme minimum and maximum
values vary significantly, indicating that some regions, such as California, have a higher number of EPDs that
show a wider range of products.
California
Min 2
Max 847
Conservative
428
Number of
available EPDs:
Achievable
272
New York
Max 554
Conservative
462
Achievable
240
Min 102
Georgia
21,146 917 473
Achievable
207
Conservative
465
Max 596
Min 54
kg CO2e per yd3 of
ready-mix concrete
Majority
Range
0 200
400
600
800
1,000
Majority
Range
Majority
Range
Embodied carbon range of ready-mix concrete available in California, New York, and Georgia
Exhibit 7
In each location, the "Conservative" value represents that 80% of available EPDs show a lower embodied carbon content per unit of concrete, the "Achievable" value represents that 20% of EPDs show a lower value, and the "Majority Range" captures 60% of available EPDs.
10.A.c
Packet Pg. 905 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Source: Table S6, Galina Churkina et al., "Buildings as a Global Carbon Sink," Nature Sustainability, 2020 Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 34
Advanced Materials to Drive Greater
Change
Emerging low-embodied-carbon materials and
techniques can make limiting embodied carbon
simpler, less expensive, or more impactful as they
become available. Although embodied carbon can be
reduced substantially using widely available products
today, emerging materials and other technologies
may help lower embodied carbon content as they
become available, prove their merit, or come down in
price. Exhibit 8 demonstrates a wide array of building
materials (most of which are readily available today)
that range from high-embodied-carbon materials
to materials with high net embodied carbon storage
potential. Raising awareness around readily available
materials that either reduce or (net) store embodied
carbon alone can dramatically curb building-related
carbon emissions.
The materials outlined in Exhibits 9–11 demonstrate a
variety of embodied carbon reduction measures and
offer alternatives to traditional construction materials with higher embodied carbon. While some materials
are widely available across the United States, others
are emerging and require further testing. It is critical to research the embodied carbon savings offered by
a given material along with specific constructability,
durability, cost, and other factors when choosing
advanced material options.
CO2 Exhibit 8 e emissions and storage capacity of building materials -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Straw
Dimensioned Lumber
Mass Timber
Laminated Bamboo
Hempcrete
Concrete
Steel (recycled content)
Cement
Gypsum Board
Steel
Polystyrene (EPS)
t CO2e/t material
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Packet Pg. 906 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Exhibit 9 Market-Ready Materials
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 35
Embodied Carbon
Reduction Measure Description Market Readiness
Carbon-negative
carpet backing
By increasing the quantity of pre- and post-recycled
materials, biopolymers, and other bio-based materials,
carpet tile manufacturers can produce products that are carbon negative when measured from cradle to gate.
Products are readily available for
use today.
Plant-based insulation
products
A growing number of plant-based insulation products
are available on the market. These materials are often
considered low in embodied carbon or provide a net
sequestration of carbon in buildings. Cellulose has
been available for decades in the United States but is
being reformulated to work in different form factors.
Hempcrete is another highly sustainable material that
serves as an excellent insulator. Both of these materials are available in the residential market but are not readily available in the in commercial construction market.
Several straw, hempcrete, and
cellulose products are available on
the market today.
Next-gen, low-GWP XPS
insulation products
Low-GWP extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation
products are made by replacing HFC-134a, a high-GWP
hydrofluorocarbon blowing agent, with a blend of other
blowing agents with lower GWPs. The blends do not
eliminate GWP but offer a lower alternative to traditional XPS products with very high GWP.38
Several products are available in
the United States.
Graphene-infused carbonsequestering paint
Graphene-infused paints are lime-based products with
added graphene for strength and durability. The lime
ingredient absorbs CO2 from the surrounding air as the
paint dries.
Several products are available in
the United States, but their carbon
reduction claims are untested.
Lightweight wallboard
products
Lightweight wallboard products reduce transportation
emissions and are more easily handled on job sites. One example is a lightweight gypsum board that also reduces embodied carbon by requiring less heat and associated
emissions needed to dry the mix. It also uses less water than typical gypsum wallboards.39
Several products are available in
the United States.
Type 1L cement products
The use of limestone as a supplementary cementitious
material (SCM) represents an important, low-cost, highavailability first step toward lowering the embodied emissions of concrete. Limestone is the most readily
available SCM, given that it is already present in
cement and deposits are widely available. The total
emissions abatement potential of limestone is limited
by substitution limits (15% in ASTM), which reflect the reduction in strength associated with use of limestone
as an SCM.
Several products are available in
the United States.
Materials that are readily available but have not yet achieved high market penetration
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Packet Pg. 907 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Exhibit 10 Near-Market-Ready Materials
Embodied Carbon
Reduction Measure Description Market Readiness
Alternative
cement
chemistries and
processes
Several emerging cement chemistries and production methods are being pursued, requiring less fuel for cement production and resulting in fewer chemical reaction emissions.
Some of these technologies are currently in use in a limited number of production facilities for ready-mix concrete, others are currently being used only to make precast pavers, and others are earlier in development.
Market readiness varies based on
the technology and the producer.
Most products have undergone
testing and are currently being
offered by one or more ready-mix
concrete suppliers.
Higher
concentrations of
SCMs in concrete
Substituting cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash, slag, or pozzolanic materials, in higher percentages can drive greater carbon reductions. SCMs from nonfossil fuel sources such as glass pozzolan or rice husks can further enhance carbon reductions. This substitution leads to lower cement requirements in the concrete mix but is dependent on the supply of SCMs, availability of high SCM mix design performance data, and architectural/structural design requirements. Higher concentrations of SCMs than are typically accepted by industry today can increase the time to reach specified compressive strengths, which is why this strategy is typically limited or not used at all for quick vertical construction projects with short timelines.
Producers are consistently looking
for ways to reduce cement content
in concrete mix by increasing the
amount of SCMs, but high (50%-
plus) SCM mixes are not currently
market validated in most regions.
CO2-injected
cement products
These products claim to reduce embodied carbon by directly injecting carbon dioxide into concrete, where it is mineralized and permanently embedded. Since cement naturally carbonates over time, it remains unclear whether this process offers long-term carbon advantages, particularly given the need for high-grade CO2. Some companies are also looking at capturing CO2 from cement kilns.
These products are available in
certain locales, but their embodied
carbon reduction claims are
untested.
Plant-based wall
panels
SIPs and other exterior panels can be made with plant-based materials.
Some carbon accounting systems may consider these materials to be net carbon sequestering, and others would consider them to be low embodied carbon when compared with the petroleum- or gypsumbased traditional materials that they replace.
Straw bale SIPs and prefabricated
straw bale wall panels have
been successfully implemented
in the residential market for
selective projects; however, these
applications are not yet common in
the commercial market.
CO2-sequestered
aggregates for
concrete
This new technology uses CO2 as a raw material for making carbonate rocks. The carbonate rocks produced are used in place of natural limestone rock mined from quarries, which is the principal component of concrete.
Several startups are actively
developing this new technology.
Magnesium oxide
wallboard
Magnesium oxide wallboards can be used in place of traditional gypsum drywall or other sheathing applications. The calcination process required to manufacture this product occurs at lower temperatures compared with that of traditional portland cement or calcium oxide, resulting in reduced manufacturing emissions.
Several US manufacturers
offer products with a variety of
applications and uses, but some
studies have highlighted negative
moisture-absorbing features that
can lead to mold and moisture
damage in certain cases.40
Laminated
bamboo lumber
and structural
bamboo
Bamboo lumber products are a viable alternative to lumber. Bamboo offers some advantageous strength characteristics compared to typical lumber products, but there are outstanding questions about the longevity and general resilience of bamboo lumber products.41 Not tested or produced at scale in
the United States
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 36
Materials that are available on a small- or pilot-project scale but are not yet broadly available on the market
10.A.c
Packet Pg. 908 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Exhibit 11 Materials in Development
Embodied Carbon
Reduction Measure Description Market Readiness
Zero-carbon steel
Using molten oxide electrolysis or renewably
produced hydrogen to produce steel and reducing
the amount of virgin steel through reuse or
recycling can enable a zero-carbon steel product.
Currently, lower-embodied-carbon steels are
available, but there is not a market-ready zerocarbon steel.42 This product is not yet available on the market,
but many producers are improving the embodied
carbon of available steel year-over-year, and there
are active efforts to produce zero-carbon steel in
the United States and Europe.
Glass pozzolan SCMs
SCMs can be made from recycled glass products,
which proponents claim improves performance of
the ultimate concrete mix.
There are several emerging companies working in
conjunction with local recycling centers to bring
glass pozzolan SCMs to market. The greatest limits
are due to economics and availability of the SCMs.
Cement production
powered by alternative
fuels
Using alternative fuels for the heating process
during the production of clinker for ordinary
portland cement would address approximately
40% of the current up-front embodied carbon of
cement production. This is technically achievable
but has not been tested at a large scale. The
process would not address the emissions related
to chemical processes.
This is still in the early stages of development.
Self-healing and living
materials
Self-healing materials, including concrete, can
reduce embodied carbon by increasing the
longevity of certain materials with lives that
are limited by material failure. Some living
materials can further reduce embodied carbon
by sequestering carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere in the process of forming.43
Most self-healing and/or living materials are in
early stages of laboratory development.
Materials that are under development and that could provide significant embodied carbon reductions for critical building materials
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 37
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Packet Pg. 909 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 38
Codes and Policy
A growing number of codes and policies are targeting
embodied carbon reductions across city, state, and
federal levels. Codes, standards, regulations, and
incentive programs can all be effective tools for
driving change by promoting and establishing best
practices to reduce embodied carbon in construction.
Already we have seen several low-embodied-carbon
policies put into effect, including the Buy Clean
California Act. The policy drives low-embodiedcarbon procurement by requiring contractors bidding on state infrastructure and construction
projects to disclose the Environmental Product
Declarations (EPDs) of certain materials and
mandates a preference for lower-carbon products.
Buy Clean California has inspired several other state
legislatures to pursue similar policies.
Further, in 2021 the US General Services
Administration approved an advice letter
recommending two key strategies to limit embodied
carbon in the federal government:44
1. The first strategy, a material approach, applies
to all projects. This approach requires EPDs for
75% of materials used in a project and requires
that their emissions rank in the best-performing
80% in terms of global warming potential among
functionally equivalent products.
2. The second strategy is a whole-building life
cycle assessment (WBLCA) approach, applicable
to larger projects over $3.095 million. The
WBLCA approach requires that the life cycle
assessment of a building’s design shows at
least a 20% carbon reduction, as compared
with a baseline building.
These policies aim to reduce demand for highembodied-carbon products through preferential purchasing of low-impact materials. The Athena
Sustainable Materials Institute highlights a number
of other approaches to limiting embodied carbon
through codes and policies,45 including:
• Other financial incentives, such as bid incentives
or tax credits
• Transparency initiatives such as requiring or
incentivizing the measurement and disclosure of
embodied carbon data for building projects
• Performance approaches such as requiring or
incentivizing the reduction of embodied carbon
for building projects relative to:
• A customized performance target defined by a
benchmarking system
• A fixed performance target related to the GWP
of a building or material
• Prescriptive approaches such as requiring or
incentivizing the use of specific materials or
design measures
While these code and policy solutions have shown
to be effective in select contexts, this is not an
exhaustive list. A report by the Carbon Neutral
Cities Alliance, City Policy Framework for Dramatically Reducing Embodied Carbon, demonstrates the
wide-ranging scope of embodied carbon reduction
policies by outlining 52 policies spanning five
categories: zoning and land use, building regulations,
procurement, waste and circularity, and financial
policies.46 New proposals for these types of
legislation, as well as governmental commitments
such as C40 Cities’ Clean Construction Declaration,
are gaining momentum across the United States.
In addition to governmental policies, corporations
are issuing policies on a monthly basis that limit
embodied carbon.
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Packet Pg. 910 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Section 6
Conclusion
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Packet Pg. 911 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 40
Reducing embodied carbon is an urgent and
critical issue, because the trajectory of embodied
carbon emissions is not currently aligned with global
climate targets. Since 2010, as global emissions
from building operations have decreased slightly,
construction-related emissions have actually increased
by 1.5%.47 It is imperative that practitioners employ
the strategies and solutions available today to
accelerate the adoption of low-embodied-carbon
construction. These changes are necessary to deliver
the unprecedented action required to meet the goal of
the Paris Climate Agreement and limit global warming
to 1.5°C.
This report demonstrates that midsized
commercial building projects can reduce embodied
carbon by up to 46% at less than a 1% cost premium
using materials that are widely available today. The
reductions highlighted by our three case studies are
backed up by methods and materials that are widely
available and simple to implement. Reductions can
go well beyond 50% by considering whole-building
design strategies, incurring a higher cost premium,
or leveraging some of the advanced materials that
are coming down the R&D pipeline. The technologies
that enable low-embodied-carbon construction will
continue to evolve, and regional nuances will continue
to influence the efficacy of individual products or
solutions. But the design methods and high-level
considerations highlighted in this report can
be applied to any project today, offering lasting
solutions to eliminate and sequester carbon
emissions in our buildings.
Conclusion
10.A.c
Packet Pg. 912 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Appendix
Additional Case Studies
10.A.c
Packet Pg. 913 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Construction
Type Study Name Location
Building
Typology Size (ft2) Link
Mid-rise steel and
concrete
Tally case study Seattle, WA Residence halls at
the University of
Washington
size not listed https://choosetally.
com/casestudy/
Mid-rise steel and
concrete
Case study 1 from
“Mass Timber
Optimization and
LCA,” Carbon
Leadership Forum
(CLF)
WA 9-story commercial
building
size not listed https://
carbonleadershipforum.
org/mass-timberoptimization-and-lca/
Concrete tilt-up
Panelized
Roof Systems,
Woodworks
CA, WA, OR, HI Commercial
buildings
various https://www.
woodworks.org/wpcontent/uploads/ISPanelized-Roofs.pdf Mid-rise mass
timber (CLT)
LCA of Katerra’s
CLT and Catalyst
Building, CLF
Spokane, WA 5-story office
building
168,800 https://
carbonleadershipforum.
org/katerra/
Mid-rise mass
timber (CLT and
glulam)
Comparative LifeCycle Assessment
of a Mass Timber
Building and
Concrete Alternative
Portland, OR 12-story mixed-use
apartment/office
building
89,986 https://www.fpl.
fs.fed.us/documnts/
pdf2020/fpl_2020_
liang001.pdf
Mid-rise wood
frame
Luxury WoodFrame Apartment
Community
Completes Dense,
Mixed-Use Urban
Development,
Woodworks
Atlanta, GA 5-story, wood-frame
apartment buildings
(3 buildings)
275,000 https://www.
woodworks.org/wpcontent/uploads/
CrescentTerminus_
CaseStudy.pdf
Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 42
The case studies below were compiled while conducting research for this report and are included here for additional insight into the impacts of various approaches to lowering the embodied carbon content of low- and mid-rise buildings.
APPENDIX: Additional Case Studies
Exhibit A1 Additional Case Studies
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Packet Pg. 914 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Endnotes
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Packet Pg. 915 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 44
1. Bringing Embodied Carbon Upfront: Coordinated
Action for the Building and Construction Sector to
Tackle Embodied Carbon, World Green Building
Council, 2019, https://www.worldgbc.org/sites/
default/files/WorldGBC_Bringing_Embodied_
Carbon_Upfront.pdf; and Robert James Pratt,
“A Common Ask: Collecting ESG Data on Building
Materials, Starting with Embodied Carbon,” Urban
Land, January 31, 2021, https://urbanland.uli.
org/sustainability/a-common-ask-collectingesg-data-on-building-materials-starting-withembodied-carbon/.
2. Kathrina Simonen, Barbara X. Rodriguez, and
Catherine De Wolf, “Benchmarking the Embodied
Carbon of Buildings,” Technology | Architecture +
Design 1, no. 2 (2017): 208–218, https://doi.org/10.1
080/24751448.2017.1354623.
3. Sustainability of Construction Works—Assessment of
Buildings, Part 2: Framework for the Assessment of
Environmental Performance, European Committee
for Standardization, 2011.
4. “New Buildings: Embodied Carbon,” Architecture
2030, accessed April 1, 2021, https://
architecture2030.org/new-buildings-embodied/.
5. Lizhen Huang et al., “Carbon Emission of Global
Construction Sector,” Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 81 (January 2018): 1906–1916,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.001.
6. Bringing Embodied Carbon Upfront, World Green
Building Council, 2019.
7. The Critical Role of Buildings, IEA, 2019, https://
www.iea.org/reports/the-critical-role-ofbuildings#highlights.
8. Embodied Carbon in Building Materials for Real Estate, Urban Land Institute, 2019, https://americas.
uli.org/wp-content/uploads/ULI-Documents/
Greenprint-Embodied-Carbon-Report_FINAL.
pdf.
9. Centering Equity in the Sustainable Building
Sector: Comprehensive Summary: CESBS Launch
Summit NAACP, 2018, https://naacp.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/CESBS-SummitComprehensive-Summary_July-2019.pdf.
10. Paula Melton, “The Urgency of Embodied Carbon
and What You Can Do about It,” BuildingGreen,
September 10, 2018, https://www.buildinggreen.
com/feature/urgency-embodied-carbon-andwhat-you-can-do-about-it.
11. Colin R. Gagg, “Cement and Concrete as an
Engineering Material: An Historic Appraisal
and Case Study Analysis,” Engineering Failure
Analysis 40 (May 1, 2014): 114–140, https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.004.
12. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Sinks: 1990–2018, US Environmental Protection
Agency, 2020, https://www.epa.gov/sites/
production/files/2020-04/documents/us-ghginventory-2020-main-text.pdf; and “Manufacturing Energy and Carbon Footprint,” US Department of
Energy, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/
files/2018/10/f56/2014_mecs_cement_energy_
footprint.pdf.
13. Gagg, “Cement and Concrete as an Engineering
Material,” 2014; and Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse
Gas Emissions and Sinks, US Environmental
Protection Agency, 2020.
14. “Supplementary Cementitious Material:
An Overview,” ScienceDirect, https://www.
sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/
supplementary-cementitious-material.
15. Embodied Carbon: A Clearer View of Carbon
Emissions, Walter P. Moore, 2020, https://www.
walterpmoore.com/sites/default/files/wpm_
embodied_carbon_report_2020.pdf.
Endnotes
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Packet Pg. 916 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings www.rmi.org / 45
16. “Supplementary Cementitious Material,”
ScienceDirect.
17. Thomas Czigler et al., “Laying the Foundation for
Zero-Carbon Cement,” McKinsey & Company,
May 14, 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/
industries/chemicals/our-insights/laying-thefoundation-for-zero-carbon-cement.
18. 2019 U.S. Cement Industry Annual Yearbook,
Portland Cement Association, 2019, https://www.
cement.org/morereports/2018-us-cementindustry-annual-yearbook.
19. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Sinks, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2020.
20. “Manufacturing Energy and Carbon Footprint,” US
Department of Energy; and ibid.
21. Ali Hasanbeigi and Cecilia Springer, How Clean Is
the U.S. Steel Industry? Global Efficiency
Intelligence, 2019,
https://www.globalefficiencyintel.com/ussteel-industry-benchmarking-energy-co2- intensities.
22. Profile of the American Iron and Steel Institute,
American Iron and Steel Institute, 2019, https://
www.steel.org/industry-data/reports/;
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Sinks, US Environmental Protection Agency,
2020; and “Manufacturing Energy and Carbon
Footprint,” US Department of Energy.
23. Jeffrey Tomich, “U.S. Readies First Wind-Powered
Steel Plant,” E&E News, November 15, 2019,
https://www.eenews.net/stories/1061552453.
24. “ENERGY STAR Focus on Energy Efficiency in Iron
and Steel Manufacturing,” Energy Star, https://
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measure-track-and-benchmark/energy-starenergy-5.
25. Structural Steel: An Industry Overview, American
Institute of Steel Construction, August 2018,
https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/aisc/
publications/white-papers/structural_steel_
industry_overview_2018.pdf.
26. “Forest Management Certification,” Forest
Stewardship Council, https://fsc.org/en/forestmanagement-certification.
27. James L. Howard and Shaobo Liang, “United
States Forest Products Annual Market Review
and Prospects, 2015–2019,” US Department of
Agriculture, https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/
timber/country-info/statements/usa2018.pdf.
28. “About – Carbon Smart Materials Palette,”
Architecture 2030, accessed March 30, 2021,
https://materialspalette.org/about/.
29. The Greenest Building: Quantifying the
Environmental Value of Building Reuse, National
Trust for Historic Preservation, 2011, https://
forum.savingplaces.org/HigherLogic/
System/DownloadDocumentFile.
ashx?DocumentFileKey=5119e24d-ae4c-3402-
7c8e-38a11a4fca12&forceDialog=0.
30. Larry Strain, “10 Steps to Reducing Embodied
Carbon,” AIA, https://www.aia.org/
articles/70446-ten-steps-to-reducingembodied-carbon.
31. Data from 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey, US Energy Information
Administration, 2020, https://www.eia.gov/
consumption/commercial/data/2018/index.
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32. Estimates of Embodied Carbon for Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing and Tenant Improvements:
Summary Document, Carbon Leadership Forum,
April 2019, https://carbonleadershipforum.
org/lca-of-mep-systems-and-tenantimprovements/.
10.A.c
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33. Designing for the Future: Interior Life Cycle Analysis, Hawley Peterson Snyder, February 7, 2020,
https://www.oneworkplace.com/assets/files/
HPS-ONEder-Grant.pdf.
34. Estimates of Embodied Carbon for Mechanical,
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April 2019.
35. Designing for the Future, Hawley Peterson Snyder,
2020.
36. Life Cycle Assessment of a Commercial Tenant
Improvement Project: Summary Document, WeWork
and Carbon Leadership Forum, October 2019,
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37. “Carbon Storing Carpet. It’s a Thing,” Interface,
accessed March 17, 2021, https://www.interface.
com/US/en-US/sustainability/climate-takeback/carbon-storing-carpet-en_US.
38. “Transitioning to Low-GWP Alternatives in
Building/Construction Foams,” US Environmental
Protection Agency, 2011, https://www.epa.gov/
sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/
transitioning_to_low-gwp_alternatives_in_
building_and_construction_foams.pdf.
39. “Gypsum Board – Carbon Smart Materials Palette,”
Architecture 2030, accessed March 30, 2021,
https://materialspalette.org/gypsum-board/.
40. Marina Gravit et al., “Problems of Magnesium
Oxide Wallboard Usage in Construction,” IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
90 (2017): 012103, https://iopscience.iop.org/
article/10.1088/1755-1315/90/1/012103/pdf.
41. Lilly Cao, “How Effective is Laminated Bamboo
for Structural Applications?” ArchDaily, February
29, 2020, https://www.archdaily.com/934274/
how-effective-is-bamboo-for-structuralapplications.
42. “MOE Technology,” Boston Metal, accessed March
30, 2021, https://www.bostonmetal.com/
moe-technology/; and Frédéric Simon, “Swedish
Steel Boss: ‘Our Pilot Plant Will Only Emit Water
Vapour,’” EURACTIV, May 10, 2018, https://www.
euractiv.com/section/energy/interview/hybritceo-our-pilot-steel-plant-will-only-emit-watervapour/.
43. Amos Zeeberg, “Bricks Alive! Scientists Create
Living Concrete,” New York Times, January 15,
2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/
science/construction-concrete-bacteriaphotosynthesis.html.
44. “GSA Green Building Advisory Committee Advice
Letter: Policy Recommendations for Procurement
of Low Embodied Energy and Carbon Materials
by Federal Agencies,” US General Services
Administration, February 17, 2021, https://www.
gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/federalhighperformance-buildings/policy/greenbuilding-advisory-committee/advice-lettersand-resolutions.
45. Jennifer O’Connor and Matt Bowick, “Reducing
Embodied Environmental Impacts of Buildings:
Policy Options and Technical Infrastructure,”
Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, December
2019, http://www.athenasmi.org/wp-content/
uploads/2019/12/Policy_white_paper_
December_2019.pdf.
46. City Policy Framework for Dramatically Reducing
Embodied Carbon: 52 Detailed Policies to Reduce
Embodied Carbon, Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance,
One Click LCA, and Architecture 2030, 2019,
https://www.embodiedcarbonpolicies.com.
47. “Delivering the Paris Agreement: The Role of the
Built Environment,” World Green Building Council,
https://www.worldgbc.org/sites/default/
files/2050%20Letter%20Final.pdf.
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Packet Pg. 918 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Matt Jungclaus, Rebecca Esau, Victor Olgyay, and Audrey Rempher, Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings: Low-Cost, High-Value Opportunities, RMI, 2021, http://www.rmi.org/insight/reducing-embodied-carbon-in-buildings.
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Packet Pg. 919 Attachment: RMI Embodied Carbon Report (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) Concrete Case Studies
Mix Designs
Costs Recycled Cement Performance Specs Code Compliance Results Climate Impact Project Cost per cu.
yd.
100%
Portland
Cement
cost per cu.
yd.
Delta Ready Mix
Company
Recycled
Cement
Type Structural
Engineer
Specified
Strength
Day 28
Soil’s
Engineer’s
Specified
Strength
Day 28
Mix Design
Specified
Strength
Day 28
Mix Design
Specified
Portland
Cement
Quantity
Portland
Cement
Quantity
Allowed
Passes
Marin
County
Code
Actual
Strength
Day 28
% Above
Mix Design
Specified
Strength
(Optional)
Actual Early
Strength at
Day 7
Embodied
Carbon of
Portland
Cement
(per cu. yd.)
Embodied
Carbon of
Portland
Cement per
800 cu. yds. of
Concrete
Pounds of coal
burned per
800 cu. yds. of
Concrete
Gas Powered
Passenger
Cars Driven
for 1 year
Conventional Foundation
11658 Ellice St n/a n/a n/a n/a No n/a 4,500
PSI .45 4,500 PSI
685 lbs
per cu.
yd.
479.5 lbs
per cu. yd. No 6,427 PSI 143% 5,094
PSI
352
kgC02e
282
metric
tons
312,007
lbs 60
Recycled Cement
Foundation
Zero 1 - 11865 Ellice St
n/a n/a n/a
Asso- ciated
Ready
Mix
Yes 25% Fly
Ash
2,500
PSI .5 4,000 PSI
458 lbs
per cu.
yd.
422.5 lbs
per cu. yd. No 4,857 PSI 121% 3,200 PSI
245
kgC02e
196
metric
tons
216,856
lbs 42
Low Carbon Concrete
Code Foundation - A
Zero 2 - 11809 Ellice St
$126.00 $128.50 - 1.90%
Asso- ciated
Ready
Mix
Yes 25%
Slag
2,500
PSI .55 3,250 PSI
391 lbs
per cu.
yd.
422.5 lbs
per cu. yd. Yes 4,340 PSI 133% 2,510
209
kgC02e
167
metric
tons
184,770
lbs 36
Low Carbon Concrete
Code Foundation - B
Zero 2 - 11809 Ellice St
$121.50 $124.50 - 2.40%
DMI
Ready
Mix
Yes 25% Fly
Ash
2,500
PSI .55 3,500 PSI
409 lbs
per cu.
yd.
422.5 lbs
per cu. yd. Yes 4,610 132% 3,020 219
kgC02e
175
metric
tons
193,622
lbs 40
PSI
PSI
PSI
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Packet Pg. 920 Attachment: LCI Case Study (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 921 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 922 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 923 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 924 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 925 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 926 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 927 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 928 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 929 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 930 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 931 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 932 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 933 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 934 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 935 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 936 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 937 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 938 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 939 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 940 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 941 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 942 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 943 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 944 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 945 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 946 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 947 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 948 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 949 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 950 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 951 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 952 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 953 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 954 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 955 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 956 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 957 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 958 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 959 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 960 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 961 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 962 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 963 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 964 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 965 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 966 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 967 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 968 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 969 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 970 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 971 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 972 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 973 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 974 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 975 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 976 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 977 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 978 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 979 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 980 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 981 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 982 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 983 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 984 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 985 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 986 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 987 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 988 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 989 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 990 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 991 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 992 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 993 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 994 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 995 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 996 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 997 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 998 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance)
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Packet Pg. 999 Attachment: DOE Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 1 City Council Meeting: April 23, 2024 Santa Monica, California
RESOLUTION NUMBER (CCS)
(City Council Series)
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA MAKING
FINDINGS REGARDING LOCAL CLIMATIC, GEOLOGICAL, TOPOGRAPHICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS PURSUANT TO PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE SECTIONS 17958.7, and 18941.5
WHEREAS, the State Building Standards Commission has approved and published the 2022 edition of the California Building Standards Code on July 1, 2022; and such code will be in effective 180 days thereafter, which is January 1, 2023; and WHEREAS, the 2022 California Building Standards Code includes the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code; and
WHEREAS, California Health and Safety Code Sections 17958.7, and 18941.5 provide that the City may make changes or modifications to the building standards contained in the California Building Standards Code based upon express findings that such changes or modifications are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions; and
WHEREAS, Section 101.7.1 of the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code provides that for the purposes of local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, local climatic, topographical, or geological conditions include local environmental conditions as established by the City; and WHEREAS, on or about September 20, 2016, the State of California enacted Senate Bill (SB) 32, which added Health and Safety Code Section 38566 to require
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Packet Pg. 1000 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Resolution [Revision 1] (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 2 greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to 40 percent below 1990 levels by no later than December 31, 2030; and
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Monica is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the United States’ original commitment to the Paris Climate Accord; and
WHEREAS, consistent with its May 2019 Climate Action & Adaptation Plan (“CAAP”), the City of Santa Monica is committed to establishing requirements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by achieving zero net carbon buildings; and WHEREAS, based upon the findings contained in this Resolution, the City Council will be adopting an ordinance making local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code that are reasonably necessary based upon local climatic, geological, and environmental conditions.
NOW, THEREFORE, the City of Santa Monica does resolve as follows:
SECTION 1. The City Council makes the following findings regarding local climatic, geological, topographical, and environmental conditions related to the local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code described in Section 2 below:
General Findings
(a) It is expected that climate change will result in more severe and frequent drought and extreme heat events, intensifying local heat islands and putting vulnerable populations at health risk. (Climatic)
(b) Due to changes in rainfall patterns expected with climate change, the City of Santa Monica is likely to be subject to more severe weather events, including droughts
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Packet Pg. 1001 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Resolution [Revision 1] (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 3 as well as more intense storms that increase the risks of wildfire, erosion, overland local flooding and landslides. (Climatic and Environmental) (c) The greater Los Angeles region is a densely populated area having buildings constructed within a region where environmental resources are scarce due to varying and occasional immoderate temperatures and weather conditions. (Climatic and Environmental) (d) Failure to address and significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could result in rises in sea level that could put at risk Santa Monica homes, businesses, and public facilities. (Climatic and Geological)
(e) The State of California enacted Senate Bill (SB) 32 to require greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. (f) The City of Santa Monica is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the United States’ original commitment to the Paris Climate Accord.
Specific Findings
(g) As noted in the CAAP, in February 2019, the Clean Power Alliance of Southern California started serving Santa Monica residents with electricity sourced from a higher content of renewable energy sources, with the result that as of May 2019 Santa Monica residents and businesses receive a default 100% renewable electricity. (Climatic and Environmental)
(h) The local amendments to require the use of low-carbon concrete will encourage the substitution of carbon intensive Portland cement for less carbon intensive alternative cementitious materials, promote a lower contribution to
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Packet Pg. 1002 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Resolution [Revision 1] (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 4 GHG emissions, and increase resilience to ongoing climate change. (Climatic and Environmental)
(i) On August 15, 2022, the Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the Environment met to consider recommendations to the City Council regarding adopting the 2022 California Building Standards Code, local amendments to that Code and local climatic, geological and topographical conditions. The Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the Environment unanimously recommended that the City Council adopt a resolution making necessary local findings and adopt the 2022 California Building Standards Code with local amendments.
SECTION 2: The City Council expressly finds that the following modifications and changes to the 2022 California Building Standards Code are reasonably necessary because of the local climatic or geological conditions and that each and every one the local conditions detailed in Section 1 above apply to the following modifications and changes to the 2022 California Building Standards Code, as follows:
No. Municipal
Code
Section
Amendment Summary Justification
from Section
1 of this
Resolution
Local
Condition
1 8.106.130 In addition to current 2022 California
Green Building Standards Code
requirements:
All plain and reinforced concrete
installed for residential projects
must meet compliance with either
the Cement Limit pathway or the
Global Warming Potential pathway.
Sections (a)
through (i)
Climatic,
Geological,
Environmental
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Packet Pg. 1003 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Resolution [Revision 1] (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 5 Section 3. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution and thenceforth and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_________________________
Douglas Sloan, City Attorney
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Packet Pg. 1004 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Resolution [Revision 1] (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 1 City Council Meeting: April 23, 2024 Santa Monica, California ORDINANCE NUMBER_______ (CCS)
(City Council Series)
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA AMENDING ARTICLE 8 OF THE SANTA MONICA MUNICIPAL CODE
TO ADOPT THE 2022 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE, REPEAL OUTDATED LOCAL AMENDMENTS, AND ADOPT A 2022 LOCAL
AMENDMENT RELATING TO CONCRETE REQUIREMENTS FOR NEWLY
CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS
WHEREAS, the California State Building Standards Commission approved and published the 2022 edition of the California Building Standards Code on July 1, 2022, and such code becomes effective 180 days thereafter, on January 1, 2023; and WHEREAS, the 2022 California Building Standards Code includes the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code; and
WHEREAS, California Health and Safety Code Sections 17958.7 and 18941.5 provide that the City may make changes or modifications to the building standards contained in the California Building Standards Code based upon express findings that such changes or modifications are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions; and
WHEREAS, Section 101.7.1 of the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code provides that for the purposes of local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, local climatic, topographical, or geological conditions include local environmental conditions as established by the City; and WHEREAS, at its September 27, 2022 meeting, the Council adopted a resolution making findings regarding local climatic, geological, topographical, and environmental
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Packet Pg. 1005 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Ordinance (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 2 conditions to support certain local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code; and
WHEREAS, consistent with the City’s May 2019 Climate Action & Adaptation Plan, the local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code implemented by this ordinance will reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and WHEREAS, local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code relating to building cement and global warming potential limits were the subject of meetings between City staff and concrete suppliers ,conducted from July 27, 2023 – February 1, 2024; and
WHEREAS, local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code relating to building cement and global warming potential limits were reviewed by the Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the Environment in 2023; and
WHEREAS, at its September 18, 2023 meeting, the Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the Environment recommended that the City Council adopt a low carbon ordinance that significantly reduces emissions and protects the environment and human health; and
WHEREAS, once adopted by the City Council, the local amendments to the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code will, in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7, be submitted to the California Building Standards Commission for filing, and shall become effective 30 days after this submission.
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Packet Pg. 1006 Attachment: Low-Carbon Concrete Ordinance (5975 : Low-Carbon Concrete Policy Resolution and Ordinance) 3 NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: