Santee City Council
February 22, 2023

[Type here]
SECTION 1
San Diego County, California
2023
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Decorative Image

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1

1. SECTION ONE: DETERMINE THE PLANNING AREA AND RESOURCES....................................................... 5

1.1. PLANNING AREA: SAN DIEGO COUNTY ............................................................................................... 5

1.2. COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS................................................................................ 22

2. SECTION TWO: BUILD THE PLANNING TEAM........................................................................................ 27

2.1. PLANNING PARTICIPANTS................................................................................................................. 28

2.2. PLANNING PROCESS ......................................................................................................................... 34

3. SECTION THREE: CREATE AN OUTREACH STRATEGY............................................................................. 49

3.1. WHOLE COMMUNITY APPROACH..................................................................................................... 49

3.2. COMMUNITY OUTREACH STRATEGY................................................................................................. 52

4. SECTION FOUR: REVIEW COMMUNITY CAPABILITIES........................................................................... 55

4.1. CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................. 55

4.2. NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP) ............................................................................. 69

5. SECTION FIVE: CONDUCT A RISK ASSESSMENT..................................................................................... 75

5.1. HAZARD ASSESSMENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 76

5.2. ALL HAZARD PROFILES ...................................................................................................................... 85

5.3. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 165

6. SECTION SIX: DEVELOP A MITIGATION STRATEGY.............................................................................. 275

6.1. MITIGATION ACTION EVALUATION................................................................................................. 275

6.2. MITIGATION GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION ............................................. 279

7. SECTION SEVEN: KEEP THE PLAN CURRENT........................................................................................ 297

7.1. MITIGATION ACTION PROGRESS..................................................................................................... 297

7.2. PLAN UPDATE EVALUATION............................................................................................................ 307

7.3. PLAN MAINTENANCE, MONITORING, EVALUATION, & UPDATES.................................................... 308 APPENDIX 1. BASE DATA SOURCES 2021 ............................................................................................... 315 APPENDIX 2. HAZARD DATA SOURCES 2021 .......................................................................................... 318 APPENDIX 3. OTHER SOURCES/REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 319 APPENDIX 4. SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY REFERENCES, UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO ..... 321 APPENDIX 5. SURVEY RESULTS FOR SD MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVISION. 328 APPENDIX 6. MEETINGS......................................................................................................................... 337

ATTACHMENT A
ii

THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

ATTACHMENT A
INTRODUCTION A-1

INTRODUCTION

PLAN DESCRIPTION
Across the United States, natural and human-caused disasters lead to increasing levels of death, injury, property damage, and interruption of business and government services. The impact on families and individuals can be immense, and damages to businesses can result in regional economic consequences. The time, money, and effort to respond to and recover from these disasters divert public resources and attention from other important programs and situations.

With experience in presidential disaster declarations, gubernatorial proclamations, and local emergency proclamations, San Diego County, California recognizes the consequences of disasters, the need to reduce impacts of natural and human-caused hazards, and the importance of increasing regional resiliency.

Elected and appointed County officials also know that carefully selected mitigation actions (in the forms of projects and programs) can become long-term, cost-effective means for reducing natural and human-caused hazard impacts.

This San Diego County, California, Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (The/This Plan) was prepared with input from:
 County public
 County of San Diego Groups, Agencies and Departments
 Eighteen Incorporated Cities
 The Port of San Diego
 Water Districts
 Fire Protection Districts
 Air Pollution Control District
 The National Weather Service
 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego  California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES)
 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

This plan update included over three years of coordination with planning participants and will help guide the region toward greater disaster resilience in harmony with the community layout and needs.

PLAN PURPOSE
Federal legislation has historically provided funding for disaster relief, recovery, and some hazard mitigation planning. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) is the most current legislation to improve this planning process (Public Law 106-390). The legislation reinforces the importance of mitigation planning and emphasizes planning for disasters before they occur. As such, DMA 2000 establishes a pre-disaster hazard mitigation program and requirements for the national post-disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP).

ATTACHMENT A
INTRODUCTION A-2
Section 322 of DMA 2000 specifically addresses mitigation planning at state and local levels.

It identifies new requirements that allow HMGP funds to be used for planning activities and increases the amount of HMGP funds available to states that have developed a comprehensive, enhanced mitigation plan prior to a disaster. States and communities must have an approved mitigation plan in place prior to receiving post-disaster HMGP funds. Local and Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plans must demonstrate their proposed mitigation measures are based on a sound planning process that account for the risk to and the capabilities of the individual communities.

State governments have certain responsibilities for implementing Section 322, including:
 Preparing and submitting a standard or enhanced state mitigation plan  Reviewing and updating the state mitigation plan every three years  Providing technical assistance and training to local governments to assist them in applying for HMGP grants and in developing local mitigation plans  Reviewing and approving local plans if the state is designated a managing state and has an approved enhanced plan.

The intent of DMA 2000 is to facilitate cooperation and collaboration between state and local authorities, which encourages and rewards local and state pre-disaster planning and promotes sustainability as disaster resilience strategy. This enhanced planning network is intended to enable local and state governments to articulate accurate needs for mitigation— resulting in faster allocation of funding and more effective risk reduction projects.

FEMA prepared an Interim Final Rule, published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002 (44 CFR Parts 201 and 206), which establishes planning and funding criteria for states and local communities.

This plan was prepared to meet state and federal statutes and requirements, thus making the County and all participating jurisdictions and special districts eligible for funding and technical assistance from state and federal hazard mitigation programs.

EXISTING AUTHORITIES
In the early 1960s, the incorporated cities and the County of San Diego formed a Joint Powers Agreement which established the Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization (USDCESO) and the Unified Disaster Council (UDC) as the policy making group. This Plan is intended to serve many purposes, including:
 Enhance Public Awareness and Understanding– to help the public better understand the natural and human-caused hazards that threaten public health, safety, and welfare; economic vitality; and the operational capability of important institutions.  Create a Decision Tool for Management – to provide information that managers and leaders of local government, business and industry, community associations, and other key institutions and organizations need to take action to address vulnerabilities to future disasters.
 Promote Compliance with State and Federal Program Requirements– to ensure San Diego County and its incorporated cities can take full advantage of state and federal grant programs, policies, and regulations that encourage or mandate that local governments develop comprehensive hazard mitigation plans.

ATTACHMENT A
INTRODUCTION A-3
 Enhance Local Policies for Hazard Mitigation Capability– to provide the policy basis for mitigation actions that should be promulgated by participating jurisdictions to create a more disaster-resistant future, and to document each jurisdiction’s ability to expand on and improve existing policies and programs.
 Provide Inter-Jurisdictional Coordination of Mitigation-Related Programming – to ensure proposals for mitigation initiatives are reviewed and coordinated among the participating jurisdictions within the County.
 Achieve Regulatory Compliance – To qualify for certain forms of federal aid for pre- and post-disaster funding, local jurisdictions must comply with the federal DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations (44 CFR Section 201.6). DMA 2000 intends for hazard mitigation plans to remain relevant and current. Therefore, it requires State Hazard Mitigation Plans are updated every three years and local plans, including this San Diego County Plan, every five years. This means San Diego’s Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan uses a five-year planning cycle, which is designed to coordinate the region’s edits of data, assumptions, goals, objectives, and actions/projects before the plan is submitted for re-approval to Cal OES and FEMA.

The UDC, the San Diego County Board of Supervisors, City Councils, and governing Boards for each participating municipality or special district will adopt the Plan (according to their existing authorities) once the State of California and FEMA have granted provisional plan approval in the form of an “Approved Pending Adoption” Letter.

SECTION 4
SECTION ONE: Determining the Planning Area and Resources San Diego County, California
2023
Decorative Image CAL FIRE San Diego Communications Bureau

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-5

1. SECTION ONE: DETERMINE THE PLANNING AREA AND RESOURCES Overall, San Diego County is comprised of 18 incorporated cities and a vast number of unincorporated communities. The county’s total population in 2020 was approximately 3.3 million—making San Diego County the second most populous county in the state. 0F0F0F 1 1.1. PLANNING AREA: SAN DIEGO COUNTY
San Diego County, one of 58 counties in the state of California, was established on February 18, 1850, just after California became the 31st state. The County stretches 65 miles from north to south, and 86 miles from east to west, covering 4,261 square miles. 1F1F1F 2 Elevation
ranges from sea level to about 6,500 feet. Orange and Riverside Counties border the north, the agricultural communities of Imperial County border the east, the Pacific Ocean lies west, and the State of Baja California, Mexico borders the south.

1.1.1. UNINCORPORATED COMMUNITIES (POPULATION: 505,675)2F2F2F 3 The Unincorporated County consists of approximately 34 Community Planning and Subregional Areas. Many of the communities in the Unincorporated County jurisdiction are in the mountains, desert, North County, or on the border of Mexico. Rancho Santa Fe, an affluent residential and resort community, is one of the exceptions, located within the urban core area. The community of Julian is in the central mountains, along a principal travel route between the desert and Metropolitan San Diego, and is a common tourist destination. Alpine is located east of El Cajon on Interstate 8 and is considered a gateway to San Diego County’s wilderness areas of mountains, forests, and deserts.

The Sub-regional Planning Areas are Central Mountain, County Islands, Mountain Empire, North County Metro, and North Mountain. Communities within the Central Mountain Subregion are Cuyamaca, Descanso, Guatay, Pine Valley, and Mount Laguna. The County Islands Community Plan area consists of Mira Mesa, Greenwood, and Lincoln Acres. The North Mountain Sub-region is mostly rural and includes Santa Ysabel, Warner Springs, Palomar Mountain, Mesa Grande, Sunshine Summit, Ranchita and Oak Grove. The Mountain Empire Sub-region contains Tecate, Potrero, Boulevard, Campo, Jacumba, and the remainder of the plan area.

The Community Planning Areas are Alpine, Bonsall, Borrego Springs, Boulevard, Crest/Dehesa/Granite Hills/Harbison Canyon, Cuyamaca, Descanso, Desert, Fallbrook, Hidden Meadows, Jacumba, Jamul/Dulzura, Julian, Lake Morena/Campo, Lakeside/Pepper Drive-Bostonia, Otay, Pala-Pauma, Palomar/North Mountain, Pendleton/Deluz, Pine Valley, Portrero, Rainbow, Ramona, San Dieguito (Rancho Santa Fe), Spring Valley, Sweetwater, Tecate, Twin Oaks, Valle De Oro, and Valley Center.

The following subsections provide County of San Diego Economy, Physical Features, Infrastructure, and Jurisdictional summaries, with data and research provided within the

1 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf 2 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf 3 2020 Jurisdiction Population Estimate from SANDAG: https://datasurfer.sandag.org/dataoverview

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-6 County of San Diego’s existing “Adopted Operational Plan Fiscal Years 2021-2022 and 2022- 2023”:

1.1.2. ECONOMY
San Diego offers a vibrant and diverse economy, along with a strong and committed partnership of local government and businesses dedicated to the creation and retention of quality jobs. The San Diego County business climate continues to thrive due to the diversification of valuable assets, such as world class research institutions; proximity to Mexico and the Pacific Rim; a well-educated, highly productive work force; and an unmatched entrepreneurial spirit.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can be an indicator of the nation’s economic health, and its growth is driven by multiple sectors, including net exports of goods and services, government consumption expenditures, and gross investment. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), calendar year 2020 saw a decrease in real GDP, as the national economy was impacted by the response to the global COVID-19 pandemic.

The economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted federal fiscal stimulus efforts, which provided support to economic activity in 2020 and potentially in 2021 (COVID-19 pandemic economic impacts are regularly assessed). As the State of California economically recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, experts predict consumers will resume pre-pandemic behaviors like spending money on clothing, cars, housing, and furniture. In 2019, San Diego County accounted for more than $222.3 billion (7.9%) of California’s GDP and 8.4 percent of the State’s population (based on U.S. Census data).

San Diego’s abundant and diverse supply of labor at competitive rates is one of the area’s greatest assets. A 2019 study using 2019 data found that 23% of San Diego County’s workforce is either in the retail or hospitality sectors. San Diego County also includes the largest concentration of U.S. military in the world, which is an important contributor to the region’s economy.3F3F3F
4 1.1.3. EMPLOYMENT
According to the California Employment Development Department, low and middle San Diego County wage workers made more than the state average, however, high wage earners made less than the state average. In 2019, the median household income for San Diego County was nearly $79,000, but other factors, like inflation, could have reduced spending availability. 4F4F4F
5 The COVID-19 pandemic also affected jobs that relied on tourism. A study using 2019 data found that 23% of San Diego County’s workforce were employed in the retail or leisure & hospitality sectors. Therefore, unemployment numbers increased during the COVID-19 Pandemic.5F5F5F
6 Unemployment rates rose to 15.9% by the end of April 2020, dropped to 6.8% by November 2020, and fell again to 6.3% by May 2021. This unemployment rate was slightly higher than

4 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf 5 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf 6 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-7 the national average of 5.5%, but also significantly lower than the state’s rate of 7.5%. 6F6F6F 7 7F7F7F
8 Overall, the region's job and unemployment numbers are improving, and labor supply is still strong.

There are several reasons for the strong labor supply in San Diego. The area’s appealing climate and renowned quality of life are two main factors that attract a quality workforce. The excellent quality of life continues to be an important advantage for San Diego companies in attracting and retaining workers. In addition, local colleges and universities augment the region’s steady influx of qualified labor. 8F8F8F
9 1.1.4. PHYSICAL FEATURES
The physical, social, and economic development of the region has been influenced by its unique geography, which encompasses over 70 miles of coastline, broad valleys, lakes, forested mountains, and the desert. The county can be divided into three basic geographic areas, all generally running in the north-south direction. The coastal plain extends from the ocean to inland areas for 20 to 25 miles. The foothills and mountains, rising in elevation to 6,500 feet, comprise the middle section of the county. The third area is the desert, extending from the mountains into Imperial County, 80 miles east of the coast. San Diegans can live in the mountains, work near the ocean, and take recreational day trips to the desert.

One of San Diego’s greatest assets is its climate, with mild winters, pleasant summers, and an abundance of sunshine and light rainfall. 9F9F9F
10 San Diego County experiences climatic
diversity due to its varied topography. Traveling inland, temperatures tend to be warmer in the summer and cooler in the winter. In the local mountains, the average daily highs are 70 degrees and lows are about 55 degrees. 10F10F1 0F
11 The local mountains also get a light snowfall
several times a year. East of the mountains is the Anza Borrego Desert—where rainfall is minimal, and summers are hot.

The dry, mild climate of San Diego County is conducive to productivity. Outdoor work and recreational activities are possible almost year-round. In addition, storage and indoor work can be handled with minimum investment in heating and air conditioning, although extreme heat events have recently increased in both frequency and severity.

1.1.5. INFRASTRUCTURE
According to FEMA’s Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, infrastructure systems are critical for life safety and economic viability, and include transportation, power, and water systems.

Many critical facilities depend on infrastructure to function. For example, hospitals need electricity and water to continue treating patients. As with critical facilities, the continued operations of infrastructure systems during and after a disaster are key factors in the severity of regional impacts and the speed of recovery. 11F11 F11 F 12 7 https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-county-metro-and-other-areas 8 https://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/
9 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf 10 https://usafacts.org/issues/climate/state/california/county/san-diego-county?endDate=2022-06-06&startDate=2018-02- 01#climate
11 https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=sgx
12 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema-local-mitigation-planning-handbook_03-2013.pdf

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-8

TRANSPORTATION
San Diego has a well-developed road system. There are freeways and state highways maintained by Caltrans, private roads maintained by property owners, and other public roads like those within incorporated cities (not within the County Maintained System). 12F12F12 F 13 All urbanized areas in the region and some rural areas are served by public transit. The San Diego region is divided into two transit development boards: the San Diego Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB), and the North County Transit Development Board (NCTD).

The Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) operates transit service under MTDB and owns assets of San Diego Trolley, Inc. (SDTI), San Diego Transit Corporation (SDTC), and the San Diego & Arizona Eastern (SD&AE) Railway Company (which owns 108 miles of track and right-of-way). Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic, MTS served approximately 3 million people in San Diego County, generated 88 million annual passenger trips (300,000 trips each workday), and responded to demand by scheduling 7,000 trips each workday. MTS licenses and regulates taxicabs, jitneys, and other private for-hire passenger transportation services by contract with the cities of San Diego, Chula Vista, El Cajon, Imperial Beach, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, National City, Poway, Santee, and portions of San Diego County’s unincorporated areas. Routes also connect with other regional operators’ routes, and San Diego Trolley operates the light rail transit system under MTDB. 13F13 F13 F 14 Alternatively, the North County Transit District (NCTD) is governed by Board of Directors with voting members from Carlsbad, Del Mar, Encinitas, Escondido, Oceanside, Solana Beach, San Marcos, Vista, and San Diego County, and one non-voting member from the City of San Diego. NCTD operates within a geographical area of approximately 1,020 square miles, and primarily carries passengers in North San Diego County (from the Pacific Ocean east to Ramona, and from the Orange County border south to Del Mar, with connections extending to downtown San Diego). NCTD provides about 10.3 million passenger trips per year, and its bus system has 30 routes.

In addition, NCTD runs special Express Buses for certain sporting and special events in San Diego. Other services include SPRINTER hybrid rail, COASTER commuter trains, FLEX demand response, and LIFT ADA paratransit service. NCTD shares the use of its tracks with rail partners: Amtrak, Metrolink, BNSF, and Pacific Sun Railroad. Amtrak and Metrolink operate more than 264 commuter trains on our tracks every week, while BNSF and Pacific Sun move more than 9.6 million pounds of freight. 14F14F14F 15 15F15 F15 F
16 GAS & ELECTRICITY (POWER)
San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) is a public utility company that provides natural gas and electric service to 3.7 million consumers through 1.4 million electric meters and 873,000 natural gas meters in San Diego County and South Orange County. 16F16F1 6F 17 Overall, SDG&E’s
service area encompasses 4,100 square miles, two counties, and 25 communities. SDG&E is a subsidiary of Sempra Energy, a Fortune 500 energy services holding company based in

13 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/dpw/roads/maintroad.html 14 https://www.sdmts.com/about/about-mts
15 NCTD-At-A-Glance-Fact-Sheet-February-2022.pdf (gonctd.com) 16 Facts Sheets | North County Transit District (gonctd.com) 17 About Us | San Diego Gas & Electric (sdge.com)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-9 San Diego. All petroleum products in the region are delivered via a pipeline system operated by Kinder Morgan Energy Partners. 17F17F17 F
18 18F18F18 F
19 WATER
The San Diego County Water Authority (Water Authority) is a public agency serving the San Diego region as a wholesale supplier of water. Water Authority works through its 24 member agencies to provide a safe, reliable water supply to support the region’s $240 billion economy and the quality of life of 3.3 million public members.19F19F1 9F 20 The 24 member agencies are
comprised of six cities, three public utility districts, three irrigation districts, eleven municipal water districts, and one federal agency (military base) and cover a service area of 934,778 acres.20F20F20 F
21 In 2020, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California supplied 18% of San Diego County Water Authority’s water, while 82% came from local and other supplies. Metropolitan Water District imports the water from two sources: the Colorado River and the State Water Project (Bay-Delta) in Northern California. 21F21F21 F
22 22F22F22 F
23 Traveling hundreds of miles over aqueduct
systems (including pump stations, treatment plants and reservoirs), water is transported through the Water Authority’s five primary pipelines, then distributed to the member agencies for delivery to the public.

In 2020, 127 gallons of water per person, per day, were used in San Diego County.23F23 F23 F 24 1.1.6. PLANNING AREA: LOCAL JURISDICTIONS
The planning area for this document also includes local jurisdictions, such as the eighteen incorporated cities and special districts. More details are provided in participating jurisdictions’ respective annexes.

Carlsbad (Population: 114,746)
Carlsbad is a coastal community located 35 miles north of Downtown San Diego. It is bordered by Encinitas to the south, Vista and San Marcos to the east, and Oceanside to the north. Carlsbad is home to world-class resorts, such as the La Costa Resort and Spa and the Four Seasons Resort at Aviara (offering championship-level golf and tennis facilities).

Carlsbad’s commercial/recreational landscape also includes Legoland, which opened in spring 1999.

18 https://www.sdge.com/more-information/our-company
19 https://www.sdge.com/more-information/our-company/aboutus#:~:text=3.7%20million%20consumers,Diego%20and%20southern%20Orange%20counties. 20 https://www.sdcwa.org/about-us/
21 https://www.sdcwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/overview-fs.pdf 22 https://www.mwdh2o.com/media/12208/2022-annual-achievement-report-full.pdf 23 https://www.sdcwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/overview-fs.pdf 24 Ibid
Decorative Image County OES

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-10 The City of Carlsbad has a strong economy, much of which has come from industrial development. For example, Callaway Golf, Cobra Golf, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, and Immune Response are a few of the local companies located in Carlsbad. 24F24F24 F 25 25F25F25 F
26 The City of Carlsbad has four high performing school districts (Carlsbad Unified, Encinitas Union, San Dieguito Union & San Marcos Unified). Distinguished private and parochial schools also serve Carlsbad (including the internationally renowned Army & Navy Academy), which offer specialties in STEM/STEAM, the arts, International Baccalaureate, and other curricula.26F26F26 F
27 27F27F2 7F
28 Chula Vista (Population: 275,487)
The City of Chula Vista is located at the center of one of the richest cultural, economic, and environmentally diverse zones in the United States. It is the second-largest city in San Diego County and boasts more than 52 square miles of coastal landscape, canyons, rolling hills, mountains, quality parks, and trails. Chula Vista is a leader in conservation and renewable energy and has outstanding public schools.

Established neighborhoods, contemporary communities, start-up firms, corporations, nationally recognized entertainment venues, the nation’s only warm weather athlete training center (the Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center), an award-winning nature center, and a historic downtown all contribute to Chula Vista’s attraction for both families and businesses.28F28F28 F
29 A range of educational opportunities, from preschool to college are available in Chula Vista.

Chula Vista Elementary School District (CVESD) is the largest K-6 district in California with over 28,500 students and 46 campuses. The CVESD is a high-performing and frequently honored district for student academic achievement, The city is also home to the Sweetwater Union High School District (SUHSD), the largest secondary school 7-12 district in California.

The district encompasses 41,000 students, and 24,000 adult students on 32 campuses. 29F29F29 F 30 Coronado (Population: 20,192)
The City of Coronado is a small, 13.5 square mile beach community, with an island feel. The military bases of the Naval Air Station North Island and Naval Amphibious Base occupy 5.3 square miles, and Coronado is connected to San Diego by a 2.3-mile bridge and to Imperial Beach (its neighbor to the south) by a six-mile scenic highway (the Silver Strand). 30F30F30 F 31 It is primarily a bedroom community for San Diego and an internationally renowned tourist destination. This vibrant community welcomes more than two million visitors annually to soak up the sun and the sand, while enjoying the lush surroundings and village appeal of Coronado. The city contains world-class resorts, including the Hotel Del Coronado, and highly acclaimed restaurants.

25 https://ir.ionispharma.com/news-releases/news-release-details/isis-pharmaceuticals-changes-name-ionis-pharmaceuticals 26 https://ir.callawaygolf.com/corporate-governance/contact-the-board 27 https://www.carlsbadca.gov/residents/schools
28 https://www.armyandnavyacademy.org/
29 https://trainatchulavista.com/about-olympic-athlete-training-site/ 30 chulavistaca.gov/residents/education
31 https://www.coronado.ca.us/210/About-Coronado

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-11 Coronado Unified School District serves local students and includes eight schools.31F31F31F 32 Del Mar (Population: 4,268)
Incorporated in 1959, the City of Del Mar is a quaint, seaside village located 20 miles north of San Diego. Del Mar is the smallest city in the County, covers just 2.2 square miles, and is known for its vibrant small-town atmosphere. Del Mar attracts locals and upwards of 2 million visitors annually from all over the world, who come to enjoy the beautiful dog-friendly beaches, hiking trails, scenic views, and the many shops and dining opportunities located within the Del Mar Village.

The community is primarily comprised of single-family residential neighborhoods, with retail uses and restaurants in the downtown, a small commercial area, and several hotels. Located 27 miles north of Downtown San Diego, this coastal community is known for its affluence and comfortable standard of living. It is a beautiful, wooded hillside area overlooking the ocean and has a resort-like atmosphere. The Del Mar Racetrack and Thoroughbred Club serve as Del Mar’s most noted landmark. This racetrack is also the location for the annual San Diego County Fair. The City of Del Mar’s shoreline includes the Del Mar City Beach and the Torrey Pines State Beach.

The city provides law enforcement services through a contract with the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department, and fire administration is provided through a mutual agreement between the cities of Del Mar, Encinitas, and Solana Beach. 32F32F32 F 33 El Cajon (Population: 106,215)
El Cajon is located 15 miles east of the City of San Diego. El Cajon is an inland valley surrounded by rolling hills and mountains. As one of the most eastern cities in the County, El Cajon has a warm and dry climate. El Cajon is a diverse residential, commercial, and industrial area, and serves as the main commerce center for several surrounding communities.

Gillespie Field, a general aviation airport, is a major contributing factor to the city’s vibrant industrial development. There are three School Districts that serve El Cajon: Cajon Valley Unified School District, La Mesa-Spring Valley Unified School District, and Grossmont Union High School District. There are also several charter schools within the city. 33F33 F33 F 34 Encinitas (Population: 62,780)
Encinitas is located along six miles of Pacific coastline in the northern half of San Diego County. Approximately 21 square miles, Encinitas is characterized by coastal beaches, cliffs, flat-topped coastal areas, steep mesa bluffs, and rolling hills. Incorporated in 1986, the city encompasses the communities of Old Encinitas, New Encinitas, Olivenhain, Leucadia, and Cardiff-By-The-Sea. Encinitas is bordered by Carlsbad to the north, Solana Beach to the south and the community of Rancho Santa Fe to the east.

The Los Angeles/San Diego (LOSSAN) rail passes through the city, and other transit corridors traversing the city include El Camino Real and Coast Highway 101. The San Elijo Lagoon Reserve boasts the largest coastal wetland in San Diego County and is home to

32 https://coronadousd.net/Our-District/index.html
33 https://www.delmar.ca.us/764/About-Del-Mar
34 https://www.elcajon.gov/resident-services/living-in-el-cajon/el-cajon-schools

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-12 nearly 300 different bird species throughout the year. The century-old Downtown 101 coastal shopping district features historic architecture, quaint shops, sidewalk cafes, specialty retail stores and upscale restaurants.

The city is served by the Encinitas Union School and San Dieguito Union High School Districts.34F34F3 4F
35 Escondido (Population: 151,038)
Escondido is located 30 miles north of San Diego and is approximately 18 miles inland from the coast. In 1994, the people of Escondido conceived a vision of cultural excellence. 35 F35 F35 F 36 Today, the $73.4 million California Center for the Arts stands as a product of this vision.

Inland North San Diego County, of which Escondido is at the core, is emerging as a regional economic leader at the forefront of job development and new industries. Escondido has a comprehensive mix of successful businesses—supplying a diverse job base and high quality of life.36F36F36F
37 There is a unique mix of agriculture, industrial firms, high-tech firms, recreational centers, parks, and residential areas in the city. The area’s largest shopping mall, the North County Fair, houses major retail and smaller stores. California State University, San Marcos and Palomar Community College are located within minutes of Escondido.

Escondido is served by two public school districts—Escondido Union and San Pasqual Union.37F37 F37 F
38 Imperial Beach (Population: 26,137)
Imperial Beach claims the distinction of being the “Most Southwesterly City – in the continental United States.” The city is in the Southwest corner of San Diego County, only five miles from the Mexican Border and 15 miles from downtown San Diego. With a population of 26,137, Imperial Beach occupies an area of 4.4 square miles. Imperial Beach offers some of the least expensive housing west of Interstate 5. It is primarily a resort/recreation community with a vast beach area, as well as a 12,000-foot pier for fishing. Looking south, just across from the international border, Tijuana’s famous “Bullring by the Sea,” the Plaza De Monumental can be seen.

The city is served by two school districts—South Bay Union and Sweetwater Union. 38F38F38F 39 La Mesa (Population: 61,121)
La Mesa is centrally located 12 miles east of Downtown San Diego, and is a suburban residential community as well as a commercial and trade center. The area is characterized by rolling hills and has many hilltop home sites that take advantage of the beautiful views.

La Mesa offers affordable housing within a wide range of prices, as well as high-end luxury homes atop Mount Helix. La Mesa has an abundance of mixed-use condominiums for those

35 https://coronavirus.encinitasca.gov/public-schools
36 https://artcenter.org/about/history/
37 https://escondido.org/employment-in-escondido
38 https://escondido.org/escondido-schools
39 https://www.imperialbeachca.gov/community

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-13 who prefer a downtown village atmosphere. There is balance between single-family housing and multi-family housing within La Mesa’s city limits. One of the region’s major retail facilities, Grossmont Center, is in the heart of the city and adjacent to another major activity center— Grossmont Hospital.

The La Mesa-Spring Valley Elementary School District provides elementary and junior high schools. There are two high schools in the area and Grossmont College, a two-year community college, is also located in La Mesa. 39F39F39F 40 Lemon Grove (Population: 27,627)
Lemon Grove lies about nine miles east of Downtown San Diego and has the charm of smalltown living with the conveniences of big city proximity. Initially the site of expansive lemon orchards, the city remains a small town with a rural ambiance. 40F40F40 F 41 The Sheriff’s Department Lemon Grove Substation has provided contract law enforcement services to the City of Lemon Grove and unincorporated communities of Spring Valley, Rancho San Diego, Jamul, Mt. Helix, Casa De Oro, La Mesa, and El Cajon since 1977. 41F41F41F 42 The city is also served by two school districts—Lemon Grove School and Grossmont Union High School Districts, which include six elementary schools, one middle school, and three high schools.42F42F42 F
43 National City (Population: 56,173)
Incorporated in 1887, National City is one of the county’s oldest incorporated areas. Just five miles south of the City of San Diego, National City is the South Bay’s center of industrial activity and has a rich history. The city embodies a proud tradition of commerce, urban agriculture, production, and transportation. 43F43F43F
44 There are a great number of historical sites in National City and homes in the area are usually 50 years or older. Stately Victorians reflect the early part of the century when shipping and import/export magnates lived there. Additionally, the San Diego Naval Station overlaps both Cities of San Diego and National City and is the largest naval facility in the country.

Served by National Elementary and Sweetwater High School districts, National City also offers several private schools for all grade levels. National City is best known for its Mile of Cars; the title describing its abundant auto dealerships. Two large shopping malls, Plaza Bonita, and South Bay Plaza are also located in National City.

Oceanside (Population: 174,068)
Oceanside is centrally located between San Diego and Los Angeles. Located just 36 miles north of Downtown San Diego, Oceanside is bordered by Camp Pendleton to the north, Carlsbad to the south, Vista to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The current population of makes Oceanside the largest coastal community.

40 https://www.guhsd.net/
41 https://www.lemongrove.ca.gov/community
42 https://www.lemongrove.ca.gov/city-hall/law-enforcement 43 https://www.lemongrove.ca.gov/community/local-schools 44 https://www.nationalcityca.gov/government/city-manager/economic-development

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-14 Industrial real estate rates tend to be lower than the county average, and housing tends to be more affordable than in other areas of Southern California coastal cities. With a near-perfect year-round climate and recognition as one of the most livable places in the nation, Oceanside offers both an incomparable lifestyle and abundant economic opportunity. Its extensive recreational facilities include 3.5 miles of sandy beaches, Oceanside Harbor, and Oceanside Lagoon. 44F44F44 F
45 The city is served by the Oceanside Unified School District with 15 elementary, six middle, and three high school options.45F45F45 F
46 Port of San Diego
The Port was established in 1962 under the Port Act and is charged with implementing the Tidelands Trust Doctrine. 46F46 F46 F
47 47F47F47 F
48 The Port of San Diego manages San Diego Bay and 34
miles of its natural waterfront for the people of California.

For over 50 years, the Port's five member cities (Chula Vista, Coronado, Imperial Beach, National City, and San Diego) have worked together to develop and promote commerce, navigation, recreation, and fisheries on and around San Diego Bay.

Self-funded, The Port contributes billions annually to San Diego’s economy, benefiting the community, local businesses, and employees. Businesses at The Port provide thousands of well-paying jobs, supporting individuals and families throughout the region. The Port is governed by a seven-member Board of Port Commissioners representing five cities and provides leadership that transcends local boundaries. The Port’s daily operations are carried out by a workforce of over 550 dedicated employees. 48F48F4 8F 49 The Port of San Diego is the fourth largest of the eleven ports in California, and it has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in public improvements within its five member cities.

The Port oversees two maritime cargo terminals, two cruise ship terminals, 22 public parks, the Harbor Police Department, and the leases of hundreds of tenant and subtenant businesses around San Diego Bay. These include 17 hotels, 74 restaurants, three specialty retail centers and numerous other attractions including museums and bay tours. 49F49F49 F 50 Each year, millions of people enjoy a remarkable way of life offered by San Diego Bay and its waterfront communities. 50F50F50 F
51 Poway (Population: 48,841)
Poway is located 23 miles northeast of the City of San Diego, within the well-populated I-15 corridor. Poway is distinct because it is set into the foothills. Poway’s main recreational facility is the 350-acre Lake Poway Park. This lake also serves as a reservoir for the water supplied

45 https://visitoceanside.org/
46 https://www.oside.us/
47 https://pantheonstorage.blob.core.windows.net/administration/San-Diego-Unified-Port-District-Act.pdf 48 https://pantheonstorage.blob.core.windows.net/administration/California-Public-Trust-Doctrine.pdf 49 https://www.portofsandiego.org/people
50 https://www.portofsandiego.org/about-port-san-diego/history 51 https://www.portofsandiego.org/about-port-san-diego

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-15 to San Diego by the Colorado River Aqueduct. The area has many recreational facilities, providing complete park sites, trails, and fishing opportunities.

Poway is also home to the Blue Sky Ecological Reserve—700 acres of natural habitat with hiking, horseback riding and interpretive trails. The Poway Center for the Performing Arts is an 809-seat professional theater that also provides local entertainment. 51F51F5 1F 52 The Poway Unified School District (PUSD) is excellent and has consistently been rated as top tier. PUSD operates 25 elementary schools (K-5), one elementary & middle school combination (TK-8th), six middle schools (6-8), one continuation high school, five comprehensive high schools (9-12), and one adult school. Twenty-six schools are in the City of San Diego and twelve schools are in Poway. The district serves over 36,000 students and is the third largest school district in the county. 52F52F5 2F 53 San Diego (Population: 1,386,932)
The City of San Diego is the largest city in San Diego County and is the second largest city in the state. San Diego is renowned for its idyllic climate, 70 miles of pristine beaches and a dazzling array of world-class family attractions. Popular attractions include the world-famous San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, SeaWorld San Diego, LEGOLAND California, Cabrillo National Monument, and Old Town State Historic Park.

San Diego's arts and culture and culinary arts are also booming. New culinary arts talents prepare award-winning meals throughout the region's 6,400 eating establishments, and Balboa Park (the largest urban cultural park in the U.S.) is home to 15 museums, numerous art galleries, beautiful gardens, and the Tony Award-winning Old Globe Theatre. 53F53F53F 54 54F54 F54 F
55 The city is served by the San Diego Unified School District for elementary, middle, and high school options.55F55F55F
56 San Marcos (Population: 94,833)
San Marcos is located between Vista and Escondido, approximately 35 miles north of Downtown San Diego. San Marcos is known for its resort climate, rural setting, central location, and affordable housing prices. Although San Marcos has experienced rapid growth over the last decade, it continues to maintain the small-town atmosphere that initially attracted many new community members.56F56F56 F
57 It is also home to two of the region’s major educational facilities, Palomar College and California State University, San Marcos. 57F57 F57F
58 The city is served by the San Marcos Unified
School District, which is the seventh largest district in San Diego with 19 schools—10 elementary schools, two K-8 schools, three middles schools, three high schools, and one independent study school.58F58 F58 F
59 59F59F59 F
60 52 https://www.powaycenter.com/156/Technical-Information 53 https://www.powayusd.com/en-US/District/About-Us
54 https://www.sandiego.org/articles/about-san-diego-ca.aspx 55 https://www.balboapark.org/performing-arts/the-old-globe 56 https://www.sandiegounified.org/schools/all_schools
57 https://www.san-marcos.net/live/about-us
58 https://www.san-marcos.net/live/about-us
59 https://www.smusd.org/about_us
60 https://drive.google.com/file/d/15YZn-2ZnVwoAxEy-UTf1ETQvK9oVy7m9/view

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-16 Santee (Population: 60,037)
“Sunny climate, good schools, small-town friendliness”—Santee prides itself on having a lean government that responds to its community’s concerns. Collectively, these are among the key attributes of the city. Santee is ideally located between the Pacific Ocean and the mountains of the Cleveland National Forest. While Santee is considered part of the East County Region, the city is only 18 freeway miles from San Diego’s premier beaches. Santee is connected to the coastline by State Route 52, a six-lane freeway that connects Interstate 5 in La Jolla to State Route 67. State Route 125 also intersects with State Route 52, forming a transportation hub in the heart of Santee. Since the expansion of the San Diego Trolley, Santee community members can ride the Trolley to Mission Valley, Downtown San Diego and as far as the U.S./Mexico Border.

Santee lies 18 miles northeast of Downtown San Diego and is bordered on the east and west by slopes and rugged mountains. The San Diego River runs through this community, which was once a dairy farming area. It is now a residential area that has experienced phenomenal growth since the 1970’s.

Water services are provided by Padre Dam Municipal Water District. The Santee School District and Grossmont Union High School District oversee K-12 education. Elementary and middle school students attend one of the nine available schools, while high school students attend Santana or West Hills High School. Nearby higher education facilities include San Diego State University and Grossmont Community College. 60F60F60 F 61 61F61F61F
62 Solana Beach (Population: 12,941)
Solana Beach was incorporated in 1986 and is a four square-mile city regarded as one of the county’s most attractive coastal communities. Solana Beach is known for its small-town atmosphere and pristine beaches, and has one of the highest median income levels in the County—as well as an outstanding school system (recognized with state and national awards of excellence).

The Pacific Ocean is to the west, the City of Encinitas to the north, and the City of Del Mar to the south. The unincorporated village of Rancho Santa Fe is located on the east side.

Property values in this upscale community have appreciated significantly since incorporation.

The business community has equally enjoyed the prosperity of a healthy economy, as Solana Beach is home for many artisans, high-tech businesses, and professionals.

The elementary school district is composed of five elementary schools, two of which are within the city limits. The middle school is under the administration of the San Dieguito Union High School District. High school students in the area attend Torrey Pines High School located to the southeast of Solana Beach. Additionally, there are several private and parochial schools in Solana Beach.62F62F62 F
63 Lomas Santa Fe, located east of the freeway, is a master planned community, which features shopping, homes, and condominiums, two golf courses and the family-oriented Lomas Santa Fe Country Club.

61 https://www.cityofsanteeca.gov/our-city/about-santee-new 62 https://www.santeesd.net/schools/district_school_sites 63 https://www.ci.solana-beach.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=6BACDB03-96AC-47CC-9F5C-57082740FDAF&Type=B_BASIC

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-17 Vista (Population: 98,381)63F63F63F
64 Vista is a thriving community that continues to grow and develop many new activities and attractions. The Moonlight Amphitheatre, AVO Playhouse, and the Wave Waterpark are just some of the many cultural activities the offered in Vista. Vista's Business Park is home to over 800 companies, with many global businesses relocating their headquarters, manufacturing, distribution, and marketing facilities to this business park. In addition, Vista Village has brought revitalization to the downtown area with dining, entertainment, shopping, and public amenities.64F64F6 4F
65 The City of Vista is approximately 19 square miles and contracts with Vista Irrigation District for its water services. The city operates its own fire department and contracts with the San Diego Sheriff’s Department for law enforcement services. 65F65F6 5F 66 There are 17 elementary and magnet schools, six middle schools, and seven high schools and magnet schools.66F66F66 F
67 Tribal Communities
Indigenous Americans have lived in the region for thousands of years. The four tribal groupings that make up the indigenous American Indians of San Diego County are the Kumeyaay (also referred to as Diegueño or Mission Indians), the Luiseño, the Cupeño, and the Cahuilla.

San Diego County has the largest number (18) of Indian reservations of any county in the United States.

The reservations include total land holdings of an estimated 193 square miles. 67F67 F67 F 68 Tribes can develop a Tribal Mitigation Plan independently or participate in a MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, either with other Tribes or with one or more local governments.68F68F68F
69 Special Districts
A Special District is an independent unit of local government set up to perform a specific function or a restricted number of related functions, such as street lighting or waterworks. A special district might be composed of cities, townships, counties, or any part or combination.

The 61 Special Districts in San Diego County are separate legal entities (governed by the Board of Supervisors) that provide for specialized public improvements and services deemed to benefit properties and community members, and financed by specific taxes and assessments.

The Special Districts provide authorized services including sanitation, flood control, road, park, lighting maintenance, fire protection, or ambulance service to specific areas in the

64 https://datasurfer.sandag.org/dataoverview
65 https://www.moonlightstage.com/about-us/rentals/avo-playhouse 66 https://www.cityofvista.com/residents/about-vista
67 https://www.vistausd.org/our_schools
68 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf 69 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema-tribal-planning-handbook_05-2019.pdf

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-18 county.69F69 F69 F
70 Therefore, Special Districts have the option to either create their own Local Hazard Mitigation Plan or partner with a local government to create a plan annex. 70F70F70 F 71 1.1.7. DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME
The San Diego County General Plan (which informs and is informed by this plan) applies to the unincorporated area of the county and is the County’s long-term blueprint for the vision of the future. It reflects an environmentally sustainable approach to planning that balances the need for adequate infrastructure, housing, and economic vitality while maintaining and preserving existing communities, agricultural areas, and open spaces.

San Diego County is approximately 2.9 million acres of which 2.3 million acres are unincorporated areas. Within the unincorporated area, the County’s land-use jurisdiction is limited by Tribal lands, and State and Federally owned lands, and military installations including Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. As a result, the County has land use jurisdiction over 772,239 acres or 35 percent of the unincorporated area. 71F71F71F 72 For the period between 2018-2022, single family residences made up approximately 43 percent of the development activity in the unincorporated areas, while mobile homes and tracts of land comprised an additional 56 percent of the development activity. Permits for commercial development constituted 1 percent of the development activity. For a more detail description of development trends, see the 2021 General Plan Annual Progress Report available here:
https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/pds/advance/GeneralPlan/2021%20Gener al%20Plan%20Annual%20Progress%20Report.pdf
The table below summarizes development trends in the unincorporated County in the period since the preparation of the previous (2018) Hazard Mitigation Plan update, as well as expected future development trends:

70 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf. 71 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema-local-mitigation-planning-handbook_03-2013.pdf 72 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/pds/generalplan.html

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-19 TABLE 1: RECENT AND EXPECTED FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Criterion Response
Has your
jurisdiction
annexed any
land since the
preparation of
the previous
hazard
mitigation
plan?
 If yes, give
the
estimated
area
annexed
and
estimated
number of
parcels or
structures.

No

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-20 Is your
jurisdiction
expected to
annex any
areas during
the
performance
period of this
plan?
 If yes,
describe
land areas
and
dominant
areas.
 If yes, who
currently
has
permitting
authority
over these
areas?
No
How many
permits for
new
construction
were issued in
your
jurisdiction
since the
preparation of
the previous
hazard
mitigation
plan?
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 as of
10/31/22
2022
Annualized
Single Family 531 528 446 631 598 652
Tract 581 509 462 626 505 551
Mobile Home 235 211 145 156 107 117
Multi-Family
(Commercial)
3 7 17 17 45 49
Total 1,350 1,255 1,070 1,430 1,255 1,369

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-21 While
this
development over time does not appear to be significant on it’s own, the County’s population growth associated with this development does appear significant.

The County of San Diego grew from the third to the second most populous County in California since the last update of this plan with the addition of 100,000 population members.

This increase is population was accounted for throughout the update of this plan to help ensure vulnerabilities to hazards did not increase as well.

Therefore, development and growth over time were incorporated into the Local Planning Group’s (LPG’s) priorities as this plan’s Goals, Objectives, and Actions/Priority Actions were updated.

Over the next five years and beyond, the County of San Diego Office of Emergency Services (County OES) will continue to collaborate with other County Department partners, such as the County Department of Planning & Development Services (the authors of the County’s General Plan and related Progress Reports) to remain briefed on development sjhort-term and long-term trends and potential changes in hazard vulnerabilities, and collaborate on hazard mitigation solutions. These briefings will also help County OES and the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) determine if priorities within this plan and it’s projects need to be reevaluated and/or updated.

Describe the
level of
buildout in the
jurisdiction,
based on your
jurisdiction’s
buildable lands
inventory. If no
such inventory
exists, provide
a qualitative
description.

Dwelling unit capacity is an estimate of how much new
development could occur theoretically over an unlimited time period. It represents the difference between the amount of development on the land today and the likely amount that could be built under the current land use. The remaining dwelling unit capacity for the unincorporated area is 60,748 units.

Construction of these units may or may not happen and depends on obtaining approvals from the County. Infrastructure such as roads, sewers, storm drains, and water connections may be needed. Also, site-specific conditions may limit the number of units constructed such as animal habitats, steep slopes, and flood areas; and demand for new homes.

For a more detailed description of dwelling unit capacity in the County, see the 2020 Housing Production & Capacity Portal Summary Report available here:

PortalSummaryReport.pdf (sandiegocounty.gov)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-22

1.2. COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Flooding is a hazard that affects San Diego County. Meeting National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requirements is the most cost-effective way to reduce the flood risk to new buildings and infrastructure. 72F72F72 F
73 The County of San Diego currently participates in NFIP.

The Community Rating System (CRS) is a FEMA program and rewards communities that go beyond the minimum standards for floodplain management under the NFIP. Communities can potentially improve their Community Rating System and lower NFIP premiums by developing a CRS Plan.

For more information on the National Flood Insurance Program, see http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program.

The following table compares CRS and Hazard Mitigation Plan requirements/tasks:

TABLE 2: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 1.1 DESCRIBES THE CRS REQUIREMENTS MET BY THE SAN DIEGO COUNTY MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN.

Community Rating System
(CRS) Planning Steps
Local Mitigation Planning Handbook Tasks
(44 CFR Part 201)
Step 1. Organize Task 1: Determine the Planning Area and Resources Task 2: Build the Planning Team 44 CFR 201.6(c)(1)
Step 2. Involve the public Task 3: Create an Outreach Strategy 44 CFR 201.6(b)(1)
Step 3. Coordinate Task 4: Review Community Capabilities 44 CFR 201.6(b)(2) & (3)
Step 4. Assess the hazard Task 5: Conduct a Risk Assessment 44 CFR 201.6(c)(2)(i)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(2)(ii) & (iii)
Step 5. Assess the problem
Step 6. Set goals Task 6: Develop a Mitigation Strategy 44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(i)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(ii)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(iii)
Step 7. Review possible
activities
Step 8. Draft an action plan
Step 9. Adopt the plan Task 8: Review and Adopt the Plan 44 CFR 201.6(c)(5)

73 https://www.fema.gov/floodplain-management/manage-risk

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-23 Step 10. Implement, evaluate,
revise
Task 7: Keep the Plan Current
Task 9: Create a Safe and Resilient Community 44 CFR
201.6(c)(4)
Two planning partners currently participate in the CRS program. The following table summarizes the CRS status of each. Many of the mitigation actions identified in this plan are creditable activities under the CRS program. Therefore, successful implementation of this plan offers the potential to enhance the CRS classification.

TABLE 3: CRS STATUS OF PARTICIPATING JURISDICTIONS.

Jurisdiction NFIP
Community #
CRS Entry
Date
Current CRS
Classification
Premium Discount
SFHA Non-SFHA
Oceanside 060294 10/1/1991 8 10 5
San Diego
County 060284 10/1/1994 7 15 5
Any jurisdiction or special district may participate in the hazard mitigation planning process.

However, to request FEMA approval, each of the local jurisdictions must meet all requirements of 44 CFR §201.6. In addition to the requirement for participation in the process, the federal regulation specifies the following requirements for multi-jurisdictional plans:
 The risk assessment must assess each jurisdiction’s risk where they may vary from the risks facing the entire planning area. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(iii))  There must be identifiable action items specific to the jurisdiction requesting FEMA approval or credit of the plan. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(3)(iv))

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources A-24  Each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan must document that is has been formally adopted. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(5))
A hazard mitigation plan must clearly list the jurisdictions that participated in the plan and are seeking plan approval. The San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan meets all requirements, including CRS requirements.

More information about this topic is discussed in Section 4 and 6 of this plan.

1.2.1. CATEGORIES OF FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
Floodplain management is a community-based effort to prevent or reduce the risk of flooding, resulting in a more resilient community. Multiple groups with a stake in protecting their communities from flooding conduct floodplain management functions like zoning, building codes, enforcement, education, and other tasks.

While FEMA has minimum floodplain management standards for communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), adopting higher local standards will lead to safer, stronger, more resilient communities. 73F73F73 F 74 The different categories of floodplain management activities are detailed within this section.

Related community capabilities and potential local projects (to be completed at future dates) are described respectively in Section 4 and Section 6 of this plan:

1. Preventive activities keep flood problems from getting worse. The use and development of flood-prone areas is limited through planning, land acquisition, or regulation. They are usually administered by building, zoning, planning, and/or code enforcement offices.
 Floodplain mapping and data
 Planning and zoning
 Open space preservation
 Stormwater management
 Floodplain regulations
 Drainage system maintenance
 Erosion setbacks
 Building codes

2. Property protection activities are usually undertaken by property owners on a building-by- building or parcel basis.
 Relocation
 Retrofitting
 Acquisition
 Sewer backup protection
 Building elevation
 Insurance

3. Natural resource protection activities preserve or restore natural areas or the natural functions of floodplain and watershed areas. They are implemented by a variety of agencies, primarily parks, recreation, or conservation agencies or organizations.  Wetlands protection
 Water quality improvement
 Erosion and sediment control
 Coastal barrier protection
 Natural area preservation
 Environmental corridors
 Natural area restoration
 Natural functions protection

74 Floodplain Management | FEMA.gov

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources 25

4. Emergency services measures are taken during an emergency to minimize its impact. These measures are usually the responsibility of city or county emergency management staff and the owners or operators of major or critical facilities.  Hazard threat recognition
 Critical facilities protection
 Hazard warning
 Health and safety maintenance
 Hazard response operations
 Post-disaster mitigation actions

5. Structural projects keep flood waters away from an area with a levee, reservoir, or other flood control measure. They are usually designed by engineers and managed or maintained by public works staff.
 Reservoirs
 Channel modifications
 Levees/floodwalls
 Storm drain improvements
 Diversions

6. Public information activities advise property owners, potential property owners, and visitors about the hazards, ways to protect people and property from the hazards, and the natural and beneficial functions of local floodplains. They are usually implemented by a public information office.
 Map information
 Library
 Outreach projects
 Technical assistance
 Real estate disclosure
 Environmental education
SECTION 26
SECTION TWO: Build the Planning Team
San Diego County, California
2023
Decorative Image CAL FIRE San Diego Communications Bureau

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-27

2. SECTION TWO: BUILD THE PLANNING TEAM
This San Diego County, California Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (The Plan) was prepared with input from:
 County public
 County of San Diego Groups, Agencies and Departments
 Eighteen Incorporated Cities
 The Port of San Diego
 Water Districts
 Fire Protection Districts
 Air Pollution Control District
 The National Weather Service/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego  California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES)
 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

County public participation will be discussed in Section 3 of this plan.

Feedback and approval of this plan is provided by Cal OES and FEMA. County Board of Supervisors’ approval then follows.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-28

2.1. PLANNING PARTICIPANTS
Below is a detailed list of all other planning participant names, positions/titles, and agencies—All below listed jurisdictions sought local, state, and federal approval as Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Annexes:

TABLE 4: COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO GROUPS, AGENCIES AND DEPARTMENTS:

Name Title Department
Jeff Toney Director Office of Emergency
Services
Stephen Rea Assistant Director Office of Emergency
Services
Dominique D. Fonseca Program Coordinator Office of Emergency Services
Nick Zubel Senior Emergency
Services Coordinator
Office of Emergency
Services
Rob Andolina Emergency Services
Coordinator
Office of Emergency
Services
Shannon Nuzzo Emergency Services
Coordinator
Office of Emergency
Services
Michael Robles Senior Geographic
Information Systems
Analyst
Office of Emergency
Services
Laura Caracciolo Emergency Services
Coordinator
Office of Emergency
Services
Cody Gallagher Emergency Services
Coordinator
Office of Emergency
Services
Tracy Dahlkamp Student Worker
(Graduate/Tech)
Office of Emergency
Services
Ryan DeHart Senior Emergency
Services Coordinator
Office of Emergency
Services (Fmr.)
Garrett Cooper Deputy Director Agriculture, Weights &
Measures
Jesus Amial Administrative Analyst Agriculture, Weights & Measures
Austin Shepherd Deputy
Commissioner/Sealer
Agriculture, Weights &
Measures
Vince Acosta IT/GIS Coordinator Agriculture, Weights &
Measures
Brian Christison Emergency Medical
Services Coordinator
Emergency Medical
Services
Todd Burton Environmental Health
Specialist III
Environmental Health &
Quality

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-29
Brad Long Supervising
Environmental Health
Specialist
Environmental Health &
Quality
Amy Harbert Director Environmental Health &
Quality
Dave Nissen Deputy Chief Fire
Ryan Silva Battalion Chief CAL FIRE/Fire
Jessica A. Martinez Community Risk
Reduction Program
Coordinator
Fire
Ashley Risueno Administrative Analyst Fire (Fmr.)
Jo Ann Julien Health Planning and
Program Specialist
Health & Human
Service Agency
Sandi Hazlewood Chief, Departmental
Operations
Parks & Recreation
Judy Tjiong-Pietrezak Senior Park Project
Manager
Parks & Recreation
Chelsea Jander Senior Park Project
Manager
Parks & Recreation
Marco Mares Region Manager Parks & Recreation
Jason Hemmens Deputy Director Parks & Recreation
Tyler Farmer Group Program Manager Planning &
Development Services
Mike Madrid Land Use/Environmental
Planner-Long Range
Planning
Planning &
Development Services
Robert Efird Program Manager-Long
Range Planning
Planning &
Development Services
(Fmr,)
Vince Nicoletti Deputy Director Planning &
Development Services
Shannon Ackerman GIS Analyst-Quartic
Solutions
Planning &
Development Services
(GIS)
Jason Batchelor GIS Coordinator Planning &
Development Services
(GIS)
Ian Dawes Senior GIS Analyst Planning &
Development Services
(GIS)
Donna Johnson Senior Emergency
Services Coordinator
Public Health Services /
Emergency Medical
Services (Fmr.)
Derek Gade Assistant Director Public Works

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-30
Mehdi Khalili Civil Engineer Public Works (Flood
Control)
Matthew Schmid Senior Civil Engineer Public Works (Roads) Greg Carlton Senior Civil Engineer Public Works (Roads) Leann Carmichael Senior Hydrologist Public Works
(Sustainability Planning
Division)
Rene Vidales Program Coordinator Public Works
Richard Chin Project Manager Public Works (Roads)
EIGHTEEN INCORPORATED CITIES:

Name City Title
Don Rawson Carlsbad Emergency Services
Coordinator
Kim Young Carlsbad Assistant Director of
Emergency Services
David Harrison Carlsbad Assistant Director of
Emergency Services (Fmr.)
Marie Jones-Kirk Carlsbad Program Manager
Marlon King Chula Vista Program Manager
Jayson Summers Coronado Division Chief
Jeff Terwilliger Coronado Emergency Management
Coordinator (Fmr.)
Clem Brown Del Mar Environmental Sustainability
& Special Projects Manager
Corina Jimenez Encinitas Senior Management Analyst
Lois Yum Encinitas Management Analyst
Jeff Murdock Escondido Emergency Preparedness
Manager
Andy McKellar Heartland (El Cajon, La
Mesa, Lemon Grove)
Emergency Preparedness
Coordinator
John French Imperial Beach Fire Chief
Walter Amedee National City Management Analyst III
David Parsons Oceanside Division Chief
Pete Lawrence Oceanside Division Chief
Katelynn Rise Oceanside Emergency Services
Assistant (Fmr.)
Russ Cunningham Oceanside Principal Planner
Brian Mitchell Poway Deputy Fire Chief
Susy Turnbull Poway Disaster Preparedness
Coordinator (Fmr.)
James Holmes San Diego Program Coordinator
Jennifer Dymicki San Diego Sr. Management Analyst

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-31
Eugene Ruzzini San Diego Provisional Program
Manager
Tiffany Allen San Diego Senior Homeland Security
Coordinator (Fmr.)
Jamie Smith San Marcos Emergency Manager
Dave Pender San Marcos Fire Battalion Chief
Justin Matsushita Santee Deputy Fire Chief
Dustyn Garhartt Santee Fire Captain
DeVerna Rogers Santee Recreation Supervisor
Patricia Letts Solana Beach Administrative Assistant III Rigma Viskanta Solana Beach Senior Management Analyst
Ned Vanderpol Vista Fire Chief
Edward Kramer Vista Emergency Manager
Jamie Smith Vista Emergency Management
Coordinator (Fmr.)

PORT OF SAN DIEGO
Name Jurisdiction Title
Dave Foster Port of San Diego Homeland Security Program Manager
Cid Tesoro Port of San Diego Vice President, Facilities & Engineering
WATER AND IRRIGATION DISTRICTS:

Name District Title
Lisa Coburn-Boyd Otay Water District Environmental
Compliance Specialist
Emilyn Zuniga Otay Water District Safety and Security
Specialist
Larry Costello Padre Dam Municipal Water
District
Safety and Risk
Manager
Charmaine Esnard Rainbow Municipal Water
District
Risk Management
Officer
Lisa Prus San Diego County Water
Authority
Supervising
Management Analyst
Eric Rubalcava San Diego County Water
Authority
Principal Asset
Management Specialist
Anjuli Corcovelos San Diego County Water
Authority
Senior Water
Resources Specialist
Clay Clifton Sweetwater Authority Program Specialist
Frank Wolinski Vista Irrigation District Director of Operations & Field Services

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-32
Alisa Nichols Vista Irrigation District Management Analyst (Fmr.)
FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICTS:

Name District Title
Jason McBroom Alpine Fire Protection
District
Fire Marshal
Dave McQuead Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District
Fire Chief
Gehrig Browning San Miguel Fire
Protection District
Division Chief
Andrew Lawler San Miguel Fire
Protection District
Division Chief
W. Brent Napier San Miguel Fire
Protection District
Deputy Fire Marshal
Colton Israels San Miguel Fire
Protection District
Fire Inspector
*AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT:

Name District Title
David Sodeman Air Pollution Control
District
Chief, Department Operations
Domingo Vigil Air Pollution Control
District
Deputy Director
*THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE (NWS)/ NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA):

Name Organization Title
Alex Tardy NWS/NOAA Warning Coordination
Meteorologist, Manager
*SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO:

Name Institute Association (Titles N/A)
Dan Cayan Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UC San
Diego
California Nevada
Applications Program
Alexander
Gershunov
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UC San
Diego
California Nevada
Applications Program
Laura Engeman Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UC San
Diego
Center for Climate Change
Impacts and Adaptations

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-33
Julie Kalansky Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UC San
Diego
California Nevada
Applications Program
*These three organizations are not seeking Annex approval.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-34

2.2. PLANNING PROCESS
The overall planning process for The Plan was led by the County of San Diego Office of Emergency Services (County OES), who established a Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) to coordinate development of the Plan. Representatives from each listed incorporated city, special district and the unincorporated county were designated by their jurisdiction as the HMPG member.

Each HMPG member identified a Local (internal) Mitigation Planning Team for their department, jurisdiction, special district, and other organizations that included decisionmakers from police, fire, emergency services, community development/planning, transportation, economic development, public works, and emergency response/services personnel, as appropriate.

The Local Mitigation Planning Team assisted in identifying the specific hazards/risks that are of concern to each jurisdiction and to prioritize hazard mitigation measures. The HMPG members brought this information to HMPG meetings— held regularly to provide jurisdictionspecific input to the multi-jurisdictional planning effort and to assure that all aspects of each jurisdiction’s concerns were addressed. A list of the lead contacts for each participating jurisdiction is included above, in Section 2.

All HMPG members were provided an overview and training of hazard mitigation planning elements at the HMPG meetings. The HMPG training was designed after FEMA's "Local Mitigation Planning Handbook" worksheets, which led the HMPG members through the process of defining the jurisdiction’s assets, vulnerabilities, capabilities, goals, objectives, and actions. The HMPG members were also given additional action items at each meeting to be completed by their Local Mitigation Planning Team.

HMPG members also participated in workshops to present the risk assessment, preliminary goals, objectives, and actions. In addition, several HMPG members met with OES staff specifically to discuss hazard-related goals, objectives, and actions. Preliminary goals, objectives and actions developed by jurisdiction staff were then reviewed with necessary partners for approval.

Throughout the planning process, the HMPG members were given maps of the profiled hazards as well as detailed jurisdiction-level maps that illustrated the profiled hazards and critical infrastructure. These maps were created using data sources listed in references.

These data sources contain the most recent data available for the San Diego region. A large portion of this data was supplied by the regional GIS agency, SanGIS.

The SanGIS data is updated periodically with the new data being provided by the local agencies and jurisdictions. This ensured the data used was the most recent available for each participating jurisdiction. The HMPG members reviewed these maps and were provided the opportunity to communicate updates or changes to the critical facilities/assets or hazard layers to County OES in November 2021. Data received from HMPG members were added to the hazard database and used in the modeling process described in the Risk Assessment portion of the Plan (Section 5). The data used in this plan revision is considered more accurate than the original plan.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-35

2.2.1. EXISTING POLICIES, PLANS, PROGRAMS, & RESOURCES
Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) members and their corresponding Local Mitigation Planning Teams prior to and during the planning process reviewed and incorporated several existing policies, plans, studies, guides, programs, and other resources to inform the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) and its processes. These items included FEMA documents, emergency services documents as well as county and local general plans, community plans, local codes and ordinances, and other similar documents. The documents included, but were not limited to:
 San Diego County’s/Cities’ General Plans & Safety Element o In 2021, the Board of Supervisors adopted the update to the San Diego County General Plan's Safety Element. The County proactively addresses hazards through the General Plan Safety Element and has many references to the MJHMP. Representatives from the General Plan’s planning group are also members of the HMPG—ensuring that both plans are integrated and contain mutually-reinforcing policies. The General Plan and the 2023 MJHMP Update work together to achieve the goal of hazard risk reduction. Future updates of the General Plan, including incorporation by reference of the 2023 MJHMP into the Safety Element will continue to ensure consistency between both plans. o This specific update of The Plan required incorporation of updates into the County’s Safety Element (lead by Planning & Development Services) to demonstrate progress of local hazard mitigation efforts. Plan leads (listed in Section 2 of this plan) met as needed to collaborate on cohesive updates, then discuss how and where to include the update within their respective plans.  San Diego County Strategic Plan/Initiatives
o Informs all existing/new County Plans and priorities, such as new/updated programs and projects, including this plan.
o The County’s Strategic Initiatives (Sustainability, Equity, Empower, Community, and Justice) were all incorporated into this plan’s updated Goals, Objectives, and Actions.74 F74 F74 F
75  County of San Diego Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan 2022 o Annexes inform this plan/delegation of responsibilities, and this plan also informs the County of San Diego Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan 2022. o A key element of the update process for the MJHMP was the review of the County of San Diego Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP).

The HMPG stayed informed of major review findings of the OA EOP with the intent to integrate with key components of the MJHMP. Future updates to the OA EOP will coincide with the future updates of the MJHMP.  Geographic Information System (GIS) Data & Maps
o Base map shape files used for items such as city jurisdictions, county jurisdictions, parcels, rivers, and roads to establish critical facilities and a GIS map for this plan.
 FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map
o 100- and 500-year floodplain data was acquired to profile flood hazard and carry out the related vulnerability assessment.

75 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/cao/docs/stratplan.pdf

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-36
 Legislation
o Newly passed legislation is often required to be included in County plans, including this plan, which is completed by the Planning Group every December. o Various legislation/statutes added requirements and guidance for inclusion into the Hazard Mitigation Plan. For example, Assembly Bill No. 1409 (Planning and Zoning: General Plan: Safety Element) describes the need to integrate evacuation routes and locations used for shelters (e.g. Temporary Evacuation Points (TEPs) and more).
 Various Local Codes and Ordinances
o Local Emergency Managers, including members of the Planning Group, meet bimonthly to discuss plan and procedure updates (including new/updated local codes and ordinances) that may affect the planning area and require incorporation into plans. Examples of these local codes and ordinances include building codes and fire codes, which help the HMPG inform this plan’s Goals, Objectives, and Actions.
 FEMA Local Mitigation Handbook March 2013
o The Planning Group researched, trained on, and referenced this item on a weekly basis to inform this plan and all related procedures.
 FEMA Mitigation Ideas January 25, 2013
o The Planning Group researched, trained on, and referenced this item while completing Sections 4-6 of this plan, which also informed all related procedures.  Integrating Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Planning – ICLEI o The Planning Group researched, trained on, and referenced this item while completing Section 4-6 of this plan, which also informed all related procedures.
o The Planning Group partnered with scientists and researchers at UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography, who study and contribute work related to Climate Change impacts and adaptation. The Planning Group provided the Scripps team with a list of all hazards included in this plan and asked them to provide descriptions of climate change impacts, and mitigation recommendations. UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s work and responses are incorporated throughout this plan and are included in this plan’s sources and footnotes.
 Climate Change Impacts in the United States – U.S. Government Printing Office o The Planning Group researched, trained on, and referenced this item while completing Section 4-6 of this plan, which also informed all related procedures.
o The Planning Group partnered with scientists and researchers at UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography, who study and contribute work related to Climate Change impacts and adaptation. The Planning Group provided the Scripps team with a list of all hazards included in this plan and asked them to provide descriptions of climate change impacts, and mitigation recommendations. UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s work and responses are incorporated throughout this plan and are included in this plan’s sources and footnotes.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-37
 Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool 2019
o The Planning Group researched, trained on, and referenced this item on a weekly basis to inform this plan and all related procedures.  California State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018
o The Planning Group researched and referenced this item on a monthly basis to inform this plan and all related procedures. The HMPG reviewed hazard profiles, hazard assessment data to ensure consistency with the information contained within this plan.
o The California State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018 was also used to inform this plan’s layout, hazard inclusion/omission rationale, and the risk assessment/consequence analysis, which is included within Section 5 of this plan.

Task Four of the FEMA Local Mitigation Handbook, Sections 1, 4, and 7 of this plan, and jurisdiction-specific annexes describe the process by which local governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans. The County of San Diego specifically meets with all necessary partners to collaborate on planning mechanisms/updates, conducts an approval process through the public, department leadership, Unified Disaster Council (UDC) voting/approval, then Board of Supervisor and other elected official approval. All listed steps were conducted on necessary and required bases.

This specific update of The Plan required incorporation of updates into the County’s Safety Element (lead by Planning & Development Services) and Emergency Operations Plan (lead by County OES) to demonstrate progress of local hazard mitigation efforts. Plan leads (listed in Section 2 of this plan) met as needed to collaborate on cohesive updates, then discuss how and where to include the update within their respective plans.

Additionally, listed below is a summary of existing departments in the County and their responsibilities related to hazard mitigation planning and implementation, as well as existing planning documents and policies/regulations related to mitigation efforts within the community. The administrative and technical capabilities of the County, as discussed below, and in Section 4 of this plan, provide an identification of the staff, personnel, and department resources available to implement the actions identified in Section 6 of this plan.

Specific resources reviewed include those involving technical personnel such as planners/engineers with knowledge of land development and land management practices, engineers trained in construction practices related to building and infrastructure, planners, and engineers with an understanding of natural or human-caused hazards, floodplain managers, surveyors, personnel with GIS skills and scientists familiar with hazards in the community:
 San Diego County Planning Development Services
The goals of these departments are to maintain and protect public health, safety, and well-being, and preserve and enhance the quality of life for County community members by maintaining a comprehensive general plan and zoning ordinance, implementing habitat conservation programs, ensuring regulatory conformance, and performing comprehensive community outreach. This Department is comprised of the following six divisions:

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-38
o Long Range Planning Division: Implements the long-range vision planning for the unincorporated portion of San Diego County. This division is responsible for maintaining the zoning ordinance and County's General Plan, a document that provides the framework for future growth and development in the County. Long Range Planning processes regular updates to other land development policies and ordinances and manages a variety of ongoing activities that derive from federal, state, and local mandates
o Sustainability Planning Division: Composed of the Sustainability Team, the Conservation Team, and the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) Team. The Sustainability Team manages implementation of the County’s 2018 Climate Action Plan (CAP), which contains a series of measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 30 years; along with the CAP Update, which will culminate in the adoption of a plan that will exceed State GHG emissions reductions of 40% below the 1990 level by 2030 and meet a goal of reducing emissions to net zero between 2035-2045. The Conservation Team develops and implements programs that contribute to the conservation of biological, environmental, and agricultural resources in the unincorporated area.

The SGMA Team oversees County implementation of SGMA, which provides a framework to regulate groundwater in certain basins in California. o Building Division: Reviews site and building plans for compliance with all applicable codes, issues land use and building permits, and enforces building and zoning regulations.
o Code Compliance Division: Enforces building, grading, zoning, brushing and clearing, junk, graffiti, signs, abandoned vehicle complaints and noise control. o Land Development Division: Provides engineering and review services for construction and development projects throughout the unincorporated areas of San Diego County.
o Project Planning Division: reviews “discretionary” projects—projects that builders and homeowners cannot do “by right,” but which may be approved by PDS’s director, the Zoning Administrator, the Planning Commission, or the Board of Supervisors if the projects meet certain conditions. Discretionary projects include lot splits, major subdivisions and conditionally permitted uses. They also process applicants' requests for General Plan Amendments and Zoning changes.  San Diego County Department of Public Works
Preserve, enhance, and promote quality of life and public safety through the responsible development of reliable and sustainable infrastructure and services. o Land Development Division: Provides engineering and review services for construction and development projects throughout the unincorporated areas of San Diego County. Services such as Stormwater, Flood Control, Map Processing, Cartography, Surveys, the Geographic and Land Information Systems and dealing with land development issues are the daily job of this division. The division processes more than 5,000 permits each year. o Transportation Division: Roads Section is the most visible part of DPW, responding to requests for services ranging from pothole repair to tree trimming.

Traffic Engineering provides traffic management and determines the need for stop signs and traffic lights. Route Locations updates the County’s General Plan

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-39
Circulation Element, provides transportation planning support and more. County Airports include eight unique facilities scattered throughout the area. McClellanPalomar Airport provides commercial service to Los Angeles and Phoenix; Ramona Airport is home to the busiest aerial firefighting base in the USA; and, the County Sheriff's aerial support unit, ASTREA, is based at Gillespie Field. o Engineering Services Division: The division includes Wastewater, Flood Control, Design Engineering, Environmental Services, Construction Engineering, Materials Lab, Project Management and Flood Control Engineering and Hydrology. The Director of Public Works has assigned the Deputy Director of Engineering Services as the County Engineer and Flood Control Commissioner. o Management Services Division: This division provides a variety of services to department employees and the public. It includes Personnel, Financial Services, Communications, Recycling, Inactive Landfills and Management Support. Special Districts serve small areas in unincorporated areas providing a variety of services to community members in rural areas.
 San Diego County Housing & Community Development
Improve the quality of life in our communities—helping families find safe and affordable housing, and partnering with property owners to increase the supply and availability of affordable housing. This department provides many valuable services to both property owners and tenants, and strives to create more livable neighborhoods that community members are proud to call home.

Key service programs include improving neighborhoods by assisting community members who have low incomes, increasing the supply of affordable, safe housing, and rehabilitating both business and residential properties in San Diego County.

They serve the communities of: Chula Vista, Coronado, Del Mar, El Cajon, Escondido, Imperial Beach, Lemon Grove, Poway, San Marcos, Santee, Solana Beach, Vista, and the unincorporated areas of San Diego County.

The Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) provides funding to agencies or businesses that provide a benefit to persons with low- and moderateincome, prevent or eliminate slums and blight, or meet needs having a particular urgency.

In addition to funding housing and shelter programs, the County also allocates grant funds toward various community improvements in the Urban County area. These include Developer Incentive programs, Housing Opportunity for Persons with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and the Emergency Solutions Grant Program. Participating cities, community members, nonprofit organizations and other county departments may submit grant proposals.
 County of San Diego Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
The mission of this department is to ensure all community members and visitors to San Diego County receive timely and high-quality emergency medical services, specialty care, prevention services, disaster preparedness and response.

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is a department within the Public Safety Group.  County of San Diego Office of Emergency Services
The Office of Emergency Services (OES) coordinates the overall county response to disasters. OES is responsible for alerting and notifying appropriate agencies when

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-40
disaster strikes, coordinating all agencies that respond, ensuring resources are available and mobilized in times of disaster, developing plans and procedures for response to and recovery from disasters, and developing and providing preparedness materials for the public.

This department’s function is to protect life and property within the San Diego County Operational Area in the event of a major emergency or disaster by:

1. Alerting and notifying appropriate agencies when disaster strikes

2. Coordinating all Agencies that respond

3. Ensuring resources are available and mobilized in times of disaster

4. Developing plans and procedures for response to and recovery from disasters

5. Developing and providing preparedness materials for the public.  County of San Diego Sheriff’s Department
The San Diego County Sheriff's Department is the chief law enforcement agency in San Diego County. The department is comprised of approximately 4,000 employees, both sworn officers and professional support staff. The department provides general law enforcement, detention, and court services for the people of San Diego County in a service area of approximately 4,200 square miles. In addition, the department provides specialized regional services to the entire county, including the incorporated cities and the unincorporated areas of the county.

The San Diego County Sheriff's Department provides contract law enforcement services for the cities of Del Mar, Encinitas, Imperial Beach, Lemon Grove, Poway, San Marcos, Santee, Solana Beach, and Vista. In these cities the Sheriff's Department serves as their police department, providing a full range of law enforcement services including patrol, traffic, and investigative services.

In the unincorporated (non-city) areas, the Sheriff's Department provides generalized patrol and investigative services. The California Highway Patrol has the primary jurisdiction for traffic services in unincorporated areas.

The San Diego County Sheriff's Department operates seven detention facilities. Male arrestees are booked at the San Diego Central Jail and Vista Detention Facility, while female arrestees are booked at the Las Colinas and Vista Detention Facilities. The remaining jails house inmates in the care of the Sheriff.  County Public Health Preparedness and Response
Public Health Preparedness and Response coordinates with Emergency Medical Services, Office of Emergency Services, community organizations, medical providers, prehospital provider agencies (Fire/EMS), hospitals, clinics, skilled nursing facilities, businesses, and other partners in developing public health and disaster preparedness by dissemination of risk assessments, trainings, and public health guidance.  County Department of Environmental Health and Quality's (DEHQ) This department’s mission is to protect the environment and public health. It accomplishes this through the work of its four divisions:
o Food and Housing (FHD) Division: Conducts retail food facility inspections and issues the appropriate A-B-C grade card. The division is also responsible for inspecting swimming pools, body art facilities, apartments, hotels and motels in

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-41
contracted cities and the unincorporated area, organized camps and detention facilities. FHD responds to public health threats and environmental hazards associated with these regulated facilities, including illness investigations, fires, food recalls and boil water orders, all in the interest of promoting safe communities.
o Land and Water Quality Division: Conducts water quality testing of beaches and bays and posts the results for residents and visitors; reviews plans for and inspects onsite wastewater treatment systems, recycled water systems, water wells, monitoring wells, and mobile home parks in the unincorporated county; is the Local Enforcement Agency for solid waste facilities; and conducts collection of household hazardous materials in the unincorporated county. In addition, this division oversees cleanup of contaminated property, including from clandestine drug laboratories, and enforces state solid waste laws and regulations at landfills and composting facilities throughout the county, with the exception of the City of San Diego.
o Community Health Division: Coordinates the county's asbestos and lead programs, operates the radiological health program, and runs the vector control program to keep the region safe from diseases such as West Nile virus, hantavirus, Lyme disease, and others. It was also instrumental in the new countywide program to control eye gnats.
o Hazardous Materials Division: Regulates more than 13,000 businesses to ensure that hazardous materials, and hazardous and medical wastes are properly catalogued, stored, and managed. The Hazardous Incident Response Team (HIRT) responds to spills and works with various other agencies in cleanup operations. Public outreach and educational programs range from schools to newsletters and web sites.
 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CAL FIRE is an emergency response and resource protection department that responds to wildland fires that burn across the state. In addition, department personnel respond to other emergency calls, including structure fires, automobile accidents, medical aid, swift water rescues, civil disturbance, search and rescue, floods, and earthquakes.

CAL FIRE is the State’s largest fire protection organization, whose fire protection team includes extensive ground forces, supported by a variety of fire-fighting equipment. CAL FIRE has joined with Federal and local agencies to form a statewide mutual aid system. This system ensures a rapid response of emergency equipment by being able to draw on all available resources regardless of jurisdiction. CAL FIRE is responsible for wildland fire protection within the District’s State Responsibility Areas, even though the Fire District is the first responder to an incident.

2.2.2. INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE
The San Diego County Operational Area consists of the County of San Diego and the eighteen incorporated cities located within the county’s borders. Planning for emergencies, training and exercises are all conducted on a regional basis. In 1961 the County and the cities formed a Joint Powers Agency (JPA) to facilitate regional planning, training, exercises, and responses. This JPA is known as the Unified San Diego County Emergency Services

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-42
Organization (USDCESO). Its governing body is the Unified Disaster Council (UDC) (as described in Section 1 of this plan).

The membership of the UDC is defined in the JPA. Each city and the County have one representative. Representatives from the cities can be an elected official, the City Manager or from the municipal law enforcement or fire agency. The County is represented by the Chairperson of the County Board of Supervisors, who also serves as Chair of the UDC.

In addition, there are 26 fire protection districts and 17 water districts within the San Diego Region. Each were offered the opportunity to participate in the development of this plan.

The original development of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, as well as this current revision, were conducted under the auspices of the UDC. At the direction of the UDC, the San Diego County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) acted as the lead agency in the revision of this plan. San Diego County OES requested input from each jurisdiction in the county.

Each municipality, special district, and neighboring jurisdictions were formally invited to attend a meeting to develop an approach to the planning process and to form the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG). These invitations were in the form of an email to each jurisdiction. At the August 29, 2019 UDC meeting, it was announced that the plan was reaching the five-year mark and required updating. 75F75F75F 76 Each jurisdiction/participating party (documented within Section 2 of this plan) later confirmed their participation in the HMPG. In addition to the eighteen incorporated cities, County OES provided an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as business, academia and other private or non-profit organizations interested in the involvement of the planning process.

The HMPG formed to undertake the planning process and meeting dates were set for all members to attend. Each participating jurisdiction then formed their own Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team. Details on the membership of those teams can be found in each jurisdiction’s annex. Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Teams met either before or after the overall HMPG met to discuss regional meeting topics and assignments.

The UDC received briefings regularly on the progress of the planning process. UDC meetings are open to the public, with agendas and notices posted according to California’s Brown Act, with emailed invitations and reminders sent out one to two weeks prior to the meetings.

Included on that email list are representatives from the following agencies:
 American Red Cross
 Chamber of Commerce
 Federal Agencies (USN, USMC, USCG, DHS)
 Hospitals
 Port of San Diego
 State Agencies (Cal OES, DMV, Caltrans)
 School Districts

76 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/oes/docs/UDC_Documents/2019/October/04.%20August%20UDC%20Minutes_ 2019.pdf.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-43
 Universities and colleges
 Utilities (Power- SDG&E, Water – San Diego County Water Authority and Water Districts, Cable, telephone, and internet – Cox Communications) Tribal Communities were also invited to participate in this plan update and/or discuss Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plans on April 26, 2022.

2.2.3. HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING GROUP MEETINGS
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) met regularly, as did the County of San Diego Local (County-specific) Hazard Mitigation Planning Group. The following is a list of meeting dates and objectives:

1. Initial HMPG and County Planning Meetings:

September 2019—Kickoff meetings and Formation of HMPG

2. HMPG Meeting 1:

October 8, 2019—Overview of Planning Process/Assessing Risks, Identify Partners, and Review Due Dates

3. County Local Planning Meeting 1:

November 1, 2019—2018 Plan Version Capabilities Review, Assignment of Review, Review Objectives and Due Dates

4. HMPG Meeting 2:

December 3, 2019—Review Schedule and Process, Review/Complete FEMA Task 4 (Review Community Capabilities)

5. County Local Planning Meeting 2:

January 21, 2020—Review Objectives/Due Dates and Discuss Subject Matter Experts for each project, Assignment of County Departments for FEMA worksheet Tasks, Discuss Community Assets

6. FEMA Meeting:

November 13, 2020—Meeting with federal and state partners to review the current plan update process

7. HMPG Refresher Meeting:

January 11, 2021—Review updated planning calendar/schedule and allowed time for questions-and-answer session with state and federal partners

8. Refresher County Planning Meeting:

January 18, 2021—Review updated planning calendar/schedule and allowed time for questions-and-answer session with state and federal partners

9. County Local Planning Meeting 3:

March 1, 2021—Discussion from Subject Matter Experts about assignments/projects and update on progress/completion of FEMA Tasks 1-4

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-44

10. County Local Planning Meeting 4:

March 15, 2021—Discussion from Subject Matter Experts about assignments/projects and update on progress/completion of FEMA Tasks 1-4

11. County Local Planning Meeting 5:

April 12, 2021—Discussion from Subject Matter Experts about assignments/projects and update on progress/completion of FEMA Tasks 1-4

12. HMPG Meeting 3:

April 26, 2021—Review Risk Assessment/Development of Mitigation Plan, GIS roles, Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Processes, due dates, and Review/Complete FEMA Tasks 1-4

13. Hazards Workshops/Seminars:

May-July 2021 (Tuesdays and Thursdays) —Subject Matter Experts present about different operational area hazards and suggest mitigation actions. Panel discussions and opportunity for planning group questions

14. County Local Planning Meeting 6:

July 22, 2021—Review supplemental data associated with the risks, Discuss Risk Assessment Process and county mitigation strategies with Subject Matter Expert guidance

15. County Local Planning Meeting 7:

October 20, 2021—Discuss assignment turnover to new project manager, Review/Complete FEMA Task 5 (Conduct a Risk Assessment)

16. HMPG Meeting 4:

October 26, 2021—Review updated schedule/due dates, Hazard Identification Process, Risk Assessment Process, Hazard Profiling and Loss Estimation, Review/Complete FEMA Task 5 (Conduct a Risk Assessment)

17. Cal OES 2021 HMGP Webinar
November 18, 2021—Discussion of HMGP sub-application instructions and requirements

18. Cal OES Grant Program Notice of Interest (NOI) Webinar:

December 14, 2021

19. County Local Planning Meeting 8:

January 19, 2022—Review/Complete FEMA Task 6 (Develop a Mitigation Strategy)

20. HMPG Meeting 5:

February 1, 2022—Finalize FEMA Planning Worksheets for Task 6, Discuss Public Survey and Forum, Start FEMA Worksheets for Task 7, Discuss deadlines

21. County Local Planning Meeting 9:

February 11, 2022—Review/Complete FEMA Task 7 (Keep the Plan Current)

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-45

22. Cal OES Sub-Application Development Series:

February 2022—Discussion of HMGP sub-application instructions and requirements for various hazards

23. HMPG Meeting 6:

March 7, 2022—Finalize FEMA Task 7 Worksheets, Discuss Cal OES/FEMA Funding and Training Opportunities, Discuss action items and deadlines

24. Whole Community Outreach Survey:

April 1, 2022—Release was communicated with and shared by planning partners

25. HMPG Individual Meeting Series:

March-April 2022—Check in meetings with all planning participants to ensure deadlines are met and final question were answered

26. Plan Peer Review:

April 28-29, 2022—County Office of Emergency Services peers compared existing plan draft to FEMA grading requirements (2019 Local Plan Review Tool) and provided feedback

27. Public Forum:

May 28, 2022—All planning participants and the public were invited to review key survey results and provided resources for further input Work drafts, products, and the final plan were shared electronically. Additional meetings not included on the above list were impromptu requests for one-on-one guidance and virtual/inperson meetings with planning partners.

Not all partners were able to attend all meetings. Follow-up phone calls, question-andanswer sessions, and in-person meetings were conducted with those not able to attend to ensure they were kept current on the process, assignments, and deadlines.

Follow-up meetings with planning partners continued until final draft submission to Cal OES and FEMA (June 2022).

2.2.4. HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING GROUP MILESTONES
The approach taken by the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) relied on sound planning concepts and a methodical process to identify County vulnerabilities and to propose the mitigation actions necessary to avoid or reduce those vulnerabilities. Each step in the planning process was built upon the previous—providing a high level of assurance that the mitigation actions proposed by the participants and the priorities of implementation are valid.

Specific milestones in the process included:

Planning Group Meetings (September 2019 – June 2022):

As listed in the previous section, a series of HMPG meetings were held in which the HMPG considered the probability of a hazard occurring in an area and its impact on public health and safety, property, the economy, and the environment, and the mitigation actions that would be necessary to minimize impacts from the identified hazards. These meetings were held every month or two (depending on the progress made), September 2019 through June 2022. The meetings evolved as the planning process progressed and were designed to aid

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-46
the jurisdictions in completing FEMA worksheets that helped define hazards within their jurisdictions, their existing capabilities and mitigation goals and action items for the Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Hazards Workshops/Seminars (June 2021-July 2021):

A series of workshops discussed the impact of all hazards impacting the operational area to educate local planners and community members. Topics discussed included, but were not limited to, climate change, sea level rise, drought, changes to precipitation patterns and extreme weather, wildfire, terrorism, and potential future impacts. The information presented in these workshops were incorporated into the risk assessment process as well in the development of mitigation goals, objectives, and actions.

Risk Assessment (June 2021 – January 2022):

The HMPG used the list of hazards from the 2018 Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan to determine if they were still applicable to the region and if there were any new threats identified that should be added to the plan. Specific geographic areas subject to the impacts of the identified hazards were mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The HMPG had access to updated information and resources regarding hazard identification and risk estimation. This included hazard specific maps, such as floodplain delineation maps, earthquake shake potential maps, and wildfire threat maps; GIS-based analyses of hazard areas; the locations of infrastructure, critical facilities, and other properties located within each jurisdiction and participating special district; and an estimate of potential losses or exposure to losses from each hazard.

The HMPG also conducted a methodical, qualitative examination of the vulnerability of important facilities, systems, and neighborhoods to the impacts of future disasters. GIS data and modeling results were used to identify specific vulnerabilities that could be addressed by specific mitigation actions. The HMPG also reviewed the history of disasters in the County and assessed the need for specific mitigation actions based on the type and location of damage caused by past events. The process used during the completion of the initial plan and first update was utilized for this update.

Finally, the assessment of community vulnerabilities included a review of current codes, plans, policies, programs, and regulations used by local jurisdictions to determine whether existing provisions and requirements adequately address the hazards that pose the greatest risk to the community. This was a similar process to that used in the original plan and first update.

Goals, Objectives, and Alternative Mitigation Actions (January 2022- February 2022) Based on this understanding of the hazards faced by the County, the goals, objectives, and actions identified in the 2018 plan were reviewed to see what had been completed and could be removed and which were not able to be completed due to funding or other challenges.

HMPG members then added updated priorities in the form of listed goals, objectives, and actions, as required for the completion of the update. This was done by the members working with their local planning groups and in a series of one-on-one meetings with County Office of Emergency Services staff. Additionally, plan compatibility with existing plans and regulations was considered and accounted for.

Mitigation Plan and Implementation Strategy (January 2022- February 2022):

Each jurisdiction reviewed their priorities for action from among their goals, objectives, and actions, developing a specific implementation strategy including details about the Decorative Image CAL FIRE San Diego Communications Bureau

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team A-47
organizations responsible for carrying out the actions, their estimated cost, possible funding sources, and timelines for implementation.

Mitigation Action Progress Report (February 2022- June 2022) If applicable, jurisdictions completed a progress report for their previous 2018 plan. All HMPG members were also asked to complete a FEMA Plan Evaluation (Section 7 of this plan) as a resource to help keep this plan current.

SECTION 48
SECTION THREE: Create an Outreach Strategy
Decorative Image
Photo by Kevin Pack
CAL FIRE San Diego Communications Bureau
San Diego County, California
2023

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy A-49

3. SECTION THREE: CREATE AN OUTREACH STRATEGY
The County of San Diego’s Hazard Mitigation Outreach Strategy is based on the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA’s) Whole Community Approach and governed by existing department, local, state, and federal plans, regulations, and budgets.

The Whole Community Approach supports inclusive management practices, and it’s three principles help guide the County of San Diego’s Hazard Mitigation Outreach Strategy.

3.1. WHOLE COMMUNITY APPROACH
The County of San Diego/the Operational Area develop and update emergency plans in accordance with local, state, and federal policies and guidance. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides a strategic framework to guide all members of the emergency management community as they determine how to integrate the Whole Community Approach and related concepts into their daily practices. FEMA’s guidance and this plan are not intended to be all-encompassing or offer specific actions that require adoption of certain protocols.

Instead, the Whole Community Approach is acknowledged as a general process by which the public, emergency management representatives, organizational and community leaders, tribal partners, and government officials can understand and assess the needs of their respective communities, then determine the best ways to organize and strengthen resources, capacities, and interests. The Whole Community Approach, overall, is intended to increase individual preparedness, prompt engagement with vital community partners, and enhance community resiliency and security. More information about this approach and other concepts can be located on FEMA’s website (www.FEMA.gov).

Community resilience within emergency management consists of three key factors:

1. The ability of first responder agencies (e.g., fire, law, emergency medical services) to divert from their day-to-day operations to the emergency effectively and efficiently.

2. The strength and inclusivity of the emergency management system and organizations within the region to include the Emergency Operations Center (EOC), mass notification systems, emergency public information systems, etc.

3. The civil preparedness of the region’s people, businesses, and community organizations.

Enhancing all three of these factors constantly focuses the Operational Area on improving the region’s resiliency. Emergency response effectiveness also largely depends on the preparedness and resiliency of the collective communities within a region. Different types of communities exist including, but not limited to, communities of place, interests, beliefs, and circumstances, which can exist geographically and virtually (e.g., online gatherings/forums, etc.). While multiple factors can contribute to community resilience and effective emergency management resources and outcomes, FEMA recommends three principles to establish a Whole Community Approach:

1. Understand and meet the actual needs of the whole community

2. Engage and empower all parts of the community

3. Strengthen what works well in communities

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy A-50
A deep understanding of the unique and diverse needs of a population (including demographics, values, norms, community structures, networks, relationships, and experiences) is crucial for emergency managers to best ascertain the population’s real-life safety needs and motivation to participate in preparation and mitigation activities prior to an emergency event.

A Whole Community Approach towards building community resilience requires finding ways to support and strengthen the relationships, institutions, structures, assets, and networks that already exist, work well in communities, and address issues that are important to community members. Engaging the whole community and empowering local action in this manner will best position all stakeholders to plan for/meet the actual needs of a community and strengthen local capacity/resilience to recover from threats and hazards. 76F76F76 F 77 This plan was developed in alignment with the Whole Community Approach through collaboration with and guidance from representatives of the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), Cal OES’ Office of Access and Functional Needs (OAFN), County departments/agencies/groups, special districts, OA City departments, law enforcement, fire services, emergency management, people with access and functional needs, tribal community liaisons, business and industry partners, and various other public and private stakeholders.

3.1.1. INCLUSIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The County of San Diego and the County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) are committed to achieving and fostering a Whole Community emergency management system that is fully inclusive of all individuals. Individual differences include, but are not limited to, ability, access and functional needs, age, life experience, military/veteran status, race, ethnicity, socio-economic class, marital status, parental status, gender/gender expression, sexual orientation, national origin, and religion.

Through the integration of community-based organizations, service providers, government programs, individuals with disabilities, and individuals with access and functional needs into the planning process, meaningful partnerships are developed and leveraged.

These partnerships help enable the region to support community in the San Diego Operational Area, and all programs, services, and activities provided to people during emergency events, to the maximum extent feasible, will be inclusive of all individuals. The following items are examples of inclusive service delivery and support:
 Accessible transportation
 Assistance animals
 Dietary restrictions and needs
 Assistive equipment and services
 Accessible public messaging
 Evacuation assistance
 Restoration of essential services

77 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/whole_community_dec2011__2.pdf

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy A-51
 Language translation and interpretation services
 Service delivery site Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) compliance The County of San Diego partners with a broad network of trusted community organizations and agencies (e.g., churches, non-profit organizations, refugee resettlement organizations) called the “Partner Relay” to accomplish inclusive practices through sharing emergency information with communities that may have limited English proficiency.

In addition to observing inclusive preparation, mitigation, and response practices, the County of San Diego also incorporates existing and new local, state, and federal laws that govern emergency planning and response efforts. Examples of the County of San Diego’s compliance with federal laws that prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability within emergency management programs include this plan’s incorporation of:
 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988  Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975
 Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006
 Rehabilitation Act of 1973
 Fair Housing Act Amendments of 1988
 Architectural Barriers Act of 1968
 Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010  Telecommunications Act of 1996
Additionally, the County of San Diego complies with California Government Code § 8593.3, which requires government agencies to integrate planning for the needs of individuals with access and functional needs into emergency operations plans. Code § 8593.3 compliance also includes planning for individuals who have:
 Developmental or intellectual disabilities
 Physical disabilities
 Chronic conditions
 Injuries
 Limited English proficiency or people who do not speak English  Low-income,
and individuals who are:
 Older adults
 Children
 Pregnant
 Living in institutionalized settings,
and individuals who are experiencing:
 Homelessness
 Transportation disadvantages, including, but not limited to, people who are dependent on public transit.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy A-52
For further details on County OES’ Whole Community Approach to emergency management and the integration of inclusive emergency management practices, refer to the County of San Diego’s Emergency Operations Plan: Basic Plan. 77F77F77F 78 3.2. COMMUNITY OUTREACH STRATEGY
The County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) recognized the importance of public feedback throughout the plan update process to account for community hazard concerns and to gauge community preparedness and education needs. Therefore, County OES’ Community Outreach Strategy provided multiple ways and opportunities for the public to provide input:
 Webpage and Email Address
 Telephone availability
 Survey
 Public Forum

3.2.1. WEBPAGE AND EMAIL ADDRESS
A Hazard Mitigation Plan webpage, as part of the San Diego County Office of Emergency Services’ (County OES’) website, was developed and published years ago to provide the public with information and methods to provide feedback—such as the dedicated hazard mitigation email address that is checked daily by County OES staff for any public questions and/or feedback.

Other Items posted on the webpage include the current plan and jurisdiction annexes. 78F78F78F 79 3.2.2. TELEPHONE, MAIL, & FAX AVAILABILITY
The San Diego County Office of Emergency Services’ home website provides the public with contact information to ask questions and/or provide feedback via telephone, mail and/or fax.79F79 F79 F
80 3.2.3. SURVEY
A detailed community engagement survey (for both this plan and the County’s Emergency Operations Plan) was developed by the County Office of Emergency Services’ (County OES’) Planning Participants, translated into six total languages, published on County OES’ website for public response, shared via all County OES social media accounts, then advertised via a County News Center article.80F80 F80 F
81 The survey was also shared with all regional Planning Participants and other partners (such as the Partner Relay, Unified Disaster Council (UDC) members, Emergency Managers, the

78 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/oes/emergency_management/oes_jl_oparea.html 79 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/oes/emergency_management/oes_jl_mitplan.html. 80 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/oes.html. 81 https://www.countynewscenter.com/help-the-county-update-emergency-plans/.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy A-53
County Committee for Persons with Disabilities, County Employee Resource Groups and County policy aides), with the request for these partners to share the survey with their community networks.

The survey sought public input about top hazard concerns and gauged the public's hazard education and readiness so future hazard mitigation projects/action items (detailed in Section 6 of this plan) can incorporate this feedback and enhance community preparedness before a disaster occurs. Survey respondents were also asked to provide their email address if they were interested in attending County OES’ Community Engagement Public Forum, described in the next section.

The community engagement survey was active from April 1, 2022 to May 9, 2022 and received 500 total responses.

The survey results, and related public forum recording, were posted to County OES’ Hazard Mitigation Plan webpage for 30 days. 81F81F81F
82 3.2.4. PUBLIC FORUM
The County Office of Emergency Services’ (County OES’) contacted the survey recipients who requested a Public Forum invitation on May 16, 2022 to provide Public Forum details, instructions, and to offer language translation services upon request. County OES then hosted the recorded Community Engagement Public Forum on Monday, May 23, 2022, at 10 AM, via a virtual collaboration platform. The forum presenters discussed the community engagement survey results and shared methods to: receive personal disaster plans, hazard preparation and mitigation resources, ask more hazard mitigation questions and/or provide additional feedback.

The public forum recording, and related survey results, were posted to County OES’ Hazard Mitigation Plan webpage for a minimum of 30 days. 82F82F82 F 83 3.2.5. FEEDBACK INCORPORATION
Public involvement was valuable in the development of this plan update. The areas of concern provided via all outreach methods were used by each jurisdiction while developing and/or updating mitigation goals, objectives, and actions. Additionally, public feedback was also used, in conjunction with hazard data, to determine the top hazards of concern for the region profiled in Section 5 of this plan.

The public can continue public participation in the plan maintenance process by emailing the hazard mitigation email address, calling the County Office of Emergency Services’ (County OES) during business hours and/or providing feedback during future outreach opportunities that will be advertised on our website, social media platforms and shared with regional partners.

City-, special district-, or other organization-specific feedback should be provided directly to those parties via their advertised methods.

82 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/oes/emergency_management/oes_jl_mitplan.html 83 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/oes/emergency_management/oes_jl_mitplan.html SECTION 54
SECTION FOUR: Review Community Capabilities
Decorative Image
Photo by Jeff Hall
CAL FIRE San Diego Communications Bureau
San Diego County, California
2023

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-55

4. SECTION FOUR: REVIEW COMMUNITY CAPABILITIES
Local mitigation capabilities are existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources that reduce hazard impacts or that could be used to implement hazard mitigation activities and must be included in a hazard mitigation plan by the Planning Group.

The Planning Group may also identify additional types of capabilities relevant to mitigation planning.

4.1. CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
The primary types of capabilities for reducing long-term vulnerability through mitigation planning are:
 Planning and Regulatory
 Administrative and Technical
 Financial
 Education and Outreach

4.1.1. PLANNING AND REGULATORY
Planning and Regulatory Capabilities are the plans, policies, codes, and ordinances that prevent and reduce the impacts of hazards.

Overall, this jurisdiction can expand upon these capabilities by creating and applying an updated five-year Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Cycle, Work Plan, and Charter to:
 identify plans that need incorporation into the next update of this plan  identify plans that will need to be informed by this plan  outline the next five-year cycle of this plan’s update with the addition of planning partner expectations, assignments/deliverables, tentative deadlines, resources available, inperson workshops/training dates/agendas, vulnerability assessment needs, and planning meeting dates.

This jurisdiction has the following in place:

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-56
TABLE 5: PLANNING AND REGULATORY CAPABILITIES
Plans Yes/No
Year
Does the plan address hazards?
Does the plan identify projects to include in the mitigation strategy?
Can the plan be used to implement mitigation actions?
Comprehensive
/
Master Plan
Yes,
2021
The County of San Diego General Plan, which includes the Safety Element and references back to the Hazard Mitigation Plan, outlines projects and strategies that could be
implemented in the areas of conservation, housing, noise and land-use. Per the Plan:

This document is the first comprehensive update of the San Diego County General Plan since 1978 and is the result of the collective efforts of elected and appointed officials, community groups, individuals, and agencies who spent countless hours developing a framework for the future growth and
development of the unincorporated areas of the County. This document replaces the previous General Plan and is based on a set of guiding principles designed to protect the County’s unique and diverse natural resources and maintain the
character of its rural and semi-rural communities. It reflects an environmentally sustainable approach to planning that
balances the need for adequate infrastructure, housing, and economic vitality, while maintaining and preserving each unique community within the County, agricultural areas, and extensive open space.

Safety Element: Establishes policies and programs to protect the community from risks associated with seismic, geologic, flood, and wildfire hazards.

Capital
Improvements
Plan
Yes,
2021
The Capital Improvement Program consists of improvements to roads and bridges; facilities at the eight County-owned and operated airports and airstrips; flood control facilities in unincorporated developed areas; and wastewater facilities owned and operated by the County. These services keep our roads and related infrastructure up to date to promote safe, viable and livable communities and make it easier for
community members to lead healthy lives.

The Department of Public Works project management team is responsible for overall management and coordination of
planning, budget, design, environmental clearance and
permitting, right-of-way acquisition and utility coordination for County roads. Funds are approved by the Board of
Supervisors though a yearly Detailed Work Program. In a typical fiscal year, approximately 30 projects are in
construction with about 70 other projects in the development

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-57
Plans Yes/No
Year
Does the plan address hazards?
Does the plan identify projects to include in the mitigation strategy?
Can the plan be used to implement mitigation actions?
stages. The Capital Improvement Program anticipated budget for Fiscal Year 2020-21 is over $122 million.

Local
Emergency
Operations
Plan (EOP)
Yes,
2018
The Operational Area EOP is developed to be inclusive of multiple hazards, with a regional focus and template versions of the plan that local municipalities can develop into their own EOP. The County EOP includes annexes in the following
relevant categories:
 Emergency Management
 Fire and Law Mutual Aid
 Multi-Causality Operations
 Public Health Operations
 Terrorism
Continuity of
Operations
Plan
Yes,
Update
d
Annuall
y
The San Diego County Continuity of Operation plan (COOP) / Program is guided by the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) COOP Policy of 2013 and identifies and tests redundant and inoperable systems for maintaining critical functions during disasters. There is a separate and specific annex of each plan for Pandemic.

On an annual basis, each agency is required to submit and updated COOP and Site Evacuation Plan (SEP) to the County COOP Coordinator (OES Position) and this is submitted to a repository where each plan can be accessed by leadership within the county. Each plan is required to be tested every two years.

Transportation
Plan
Yes,
2018
 Bicycle Transportation Plan
 Pedestrian Area Transportation Plan
 Active Transportation Plan
Stormwater
Management
Plan
Yes,
2018
On May 8, 2013, the San Diego Regional Water Quality
Control Board (Regional Board) adopted a new Municipal
Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4/Stormwater) Permit
(National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Permit, No.

R9-2013-0001) that covered the San Diego County
Copermittees. Order No. R9-2015-0001 was adopted on
February 11, 2015, amending the Regional MS4 Permit to
extend coverage to the Orange County Copermittees. Order No. R9-2015-0100 was adopted on November 18, 2015,
amending the Regional MS4 Permit to extend coverage to the Riverside County Copermittees and make minor revisions.

This Permit mandates that the County of San Diego develop new and updated Runoff Management Plans and Programs,

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-58
Plans Yes/No
Year
Does the plan address hazards?
Does the plan identify projects to include in the mitigation strategy?
Can the plan be used to implement mitigation actions?
including Water Quality Improvement Plans and a
Jurisdictional Runoff Management Program. These
documents were submitted to the Regional Board on June 26, 2015. Permit requirements are generally implemented in the unincorporated County under authority of the Watershed
Protection, Stormwater Management, and Discharge Control Ordinance (WPO).

The amended MS4 Permit, like all previous iterations, requires the County to establish and maintain adequate legal authority to implement all updated MS4 Permit provisions. The WPO has been amended to ensure that it is current with the
minimum requirements of the recently amended MS4 Permit.

The amendments include updating terminology and definitions related to land development priority development projects (PDPs), removal of outdated sections, minor updates to
discharge prohibitions, and the incorporation of an optional program to allow development projects to satisfy some of its stormwater compliance obligations at off-site locations.

On January 27, 2016, the County Board of Supervisor’s
adopted the Watershed Protection, Stormwater Management, and Discharge Control Ordinance (WPO). The WPO became
effective February 26, 2016.

Community
Wildfire
Protection
Plan (CWPP)
Yes,
2016-
2020
Thirty-three communities have CWPP approved and in place:
 Alpine
 Crest
 Camp & Lake Morena
 Deer Springs
 Descanso
 Dulzura / Barrett
 El Capitian
 Eucalyptus Hills
 Fallbrook
 Greater Sunshine Summit
 Harrison Park
 Julian
 Kensington X
 Los Tules at Warner Springs
 Mt. Laguna
 Outer Jamul
 Palomar Mountain
 Pine Valley
 Potrero – Tecate

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-59
Plans Yes/No
Year
Does the plan address hazards?
Does the plan identify projects to include in the mitigation strategy?
Can the plan be used to implement mitigation actions?
Community
Wildfire
Protection
Plan (CWPP),
continued
 Ramona
 Rancho Penasquitos
 Rancho Santa Fe
 Real East County
 Resource Conservation District of Greater San Diego
County of San Diego
 San Diego County Northeast
 San Diego County Southwest
 Scripps Ranch
 Stoneridge at Warner Springs Estates
 Talmadge
 Valley Center
 Vista Wynola Estates
The International Fire Chiefs Association released their guide to help develop and implement a Community Wildfire
Preparedness Plan in communities and across the country. It has a local community level approach to include code,
development review, ordinances and local authority, and is used by leaders in the Fire Service, including subject matter experts, and local, state, and federal officials.

Other special
plans (e.g.,
brownfields
redevelopment,
disaster
recovery,
coastal zone
management,
climate change
adaptation)
Yes  Disaster Recovery Plan
 Climate Adaptation Plan
 Wildfire Resiliency Strategy
Building Code,
Permitting, and
Inspections
Yes/
N Are codes adequately enforced?
Building Code Yes Yes
Site plan review requirements Yes Projects on lots that touch County or FEMA floodplain or floodways are routed to County
Flood Control for review to ensure compliance
with the County Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance which was last revised on

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-60
11/29/2019.

Land Use Planning and
Ordinances
Yes/N
Is the ordinance an effective measure for
reducing hazard impacts?
Is the ordinance adequately administered
and enforced?
Zoning ordinance Yes Yes
Subdivision ordinance Yes Yes
Special purpose ordinances
(floodplain management,
storm water management,
hillside or steep slope
ordinances, wildfire
ordinances, hazard setback
requirements)
Yes Projects on lots that touch County or FEMA
floodplains or floodways are routed to County
Flood Control for review to ensure compliance
with the County Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance (FDPO) which was last revised on
11/29/2019.

FDPO is an effective measure for reducing flood
hazard impacts; and it is adequately
administered and enforced.

Flood insurance rate maps Yes County’s FDPO uses County floodplain and floodway maps available through SanGIS and
FEMA FIRMs available through FEMA Map
Service Center to effectively reduce flood
hazard impacts. It is adequately administered
and enforced.

4.1.2. ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL
Administrative and Technical Capabilities include staff, their skills, and tools that can be used for mitigation planning and to implement specific mitigation actions.

For smaller jurisdictions without local staff resources, if there are public resources at the next higher-level government that can provide technical assistance, this may be indicated within the comments
Overall, this jurisdiction can expand upon these capabilities by seeking additional funding opportunities for applicable staff, research, projects, and applicable resources/expenses. This jurisdiction can also improve these capabilities by keeping an updated planning participant contact list to account for staff turnover and ensure the inclusion of staff belonging to diverse departments and with varied tools and skills to accomplish a comprehensive plan.

This jurisdiction has the following in place:

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-61
TABLE 6: ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES
Administration Yes/No Describe capability
Is coordination effective?
Planner(s) or engineer(s) with
knowledge of land development
and land management practices
Yes Planning & Development Services (PDS)/ Lead
Planner; County Fire CRR Battalion Chief
Engineer(s) or professional(s)
trained in construction practices
related to buildings and/or
infrastructure
Yes PDS/Building Inspectors; Fire Prevention Specialist I & II
Planners or Engineer(s) with an
understanding of natural and/or
human-caused hazards
Yes County Fire Pre-Fire Division Chief
Mitigation Planning Committee Yes San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) Planning Team
Maintenance programs to
reduce risk (e.g., tree trimming,
clearing drainage systems)
Yes County drainage crews inspect and maintain public
drainage facilities annually and perform maintenance
as necessary to ensure optimal conveyance.

Defer to Department of Public Works (DPW)
Transportation for Roads right-of-way maintenance.

Mutual aid agreements Yes Mutual aid agreements with CPFD Region I and VI Mutual Aid Agreement are in place.

This agreement extends the MHOAC program’s mutual
aid response from Region VI to include all of Region I.

If the County of San Diego faces an issue that our
Operational Area cannot get the necessary resources
within our county or within Region VI, then all the
resources within Region I will be made available for
our operational area in accordance with the mutual aid
agreement.

Staff Yes/No
FT/PT1
Is staffing adequate to enforce regulations? Is staff
trained on hazards and mitigation?
Is coordination between agencies and staff
effective?

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-62
Floodplain Administrator Yes Staffing is adequate to enforce regulations. Staff are trained on hazards and mitigation. Staff are certified as Certified Floodplain Managers and regularly participate in continuing education provided by FEMA, ASFPM,
FMA, etc. There is effective coordination between
agencies and staff.

Emergency Manager Yes The Office of Emergency Services employed 8 Emergency Services Coordinators / Senior Emergency
Services Coordinators, as well as Temporary Admin
Analyst Positions to Assist. County Fire coordinates
with County Fire Incident Management Teams.

Emergency Medical Services Coordinator and (2)
Emergency Medical Services Specialists, Senior
Emergency Services Coordinator, PH/BT Quality
Assurance Specialists are employed out of Health and
Human Services. All the existing staff listed above are trained on local hazards and mitigation plans and have
developed the relationships with outside agencies to
have successful collaboration and support when
needed.

Staff with education or expertise
to assess the community’s
vulnerability to hazards
Yes Public Health Services (PHS) has Health Planning and Program Specialists and Epidemiologists with technical
assistance from the California Department of Public
Health, Office of Health Equity, and other partners and subject matter experts to assess the community’s
vulnerability to hazards; The State has created
assessments and health profiles for the various
counties on vulnerability to the public health impacts of climate change. Staff referenced here do not enforce
regulations. Staff referenced here are trained on the
public health impacts of climate change and some also
receive various levels of training in NIMS/ICS. More
training is planned to occur in the coming years. There is good coordination and communication between the
individuals and organizations referenced here. County
Fire oversees the County Science Advisory Board;
County Fire Environmental Scientists. The Hazard
Incident Response Team are experts in Hazardous
Waste spills / releases. Staff at the Office of
Emergency Services are experts in all hazards and
oversee the production of Concept of Operations
(response plans and procedures) for a multitude of
natural and human-caused disasters.

Community Planner Yes The following county departments recorded having Community planners on staff:
 OES
 PHS
 DPW
 PDS

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-63
Scientists familiar with the
hazards of the community
Yes The following county departments recorded having
Scientists on staff:
 OES
 PHS
 DPW
 PDS
Personnel skilled in GIS and/or
HAZUS
Yes The following county departments recorded having GIS Personnel on staff:
 OES
 PHS
 DPW
 PDS
Grant writers Yes The following county departments recorded having Grant Writers on Staff:
 OES
 PHS
 DPW
 PDS
Technical Yes/N
o
Describe capability
Has capability been used to
assess/mitigate risk in the past?
Warning systems/services
(Reverse 911, outdoor warning
signals)
Yes The County and individual municipalities have
multiple notification systems and protocols used
during emergency events. AlertSanDiego is the optin notification system, WEA (Wireless Emergency Alert) is coordinated and used, as well as the
SDEmergency App and website.
 Flood Warning
Flood Warning uses a network of automated
rain, stream, reservoir and weather stations
known as the ALERT Flood Warning
System. Weather changes are reported in
real-time to our Kearny Mesa office. ALERT
systems are used around the world to
provide real-time flood warning to local
communities at risk from flooding threat.

ALERT is an acronym that stands for
Automatic Local Evaluation in Real-Time.
 San Diego Flood Warning System
The San Diego County Flood Warning
System is made up of 120 rain gages,
stream gages, weather stations, and lake
level stations that report data in real time to
the Flood Control Weather Center in Kearny
Mesa. The system is internet-based and
each of its sensors has defined alarms, that
when activated, are used by the flood
warning system to automatically assemble a

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-64
warning message and send it out to the
appropriate emergency managers by email
or cell phone. The website has numerous
links that allow the user to view and
download the sensor data, view updating
graphs and maps, and access other
weather-related resources.
 OES and PHS collaborate on Partner Relay
to ensure messages are getting to
community members with limited English
proficiency. Additionally, Partner Relay hosts
3 workshops per year to warn community
members and organizations serving
populations without homes, refugees and
other community-based organizations about
emergency preparedness topics. Yes, this
capability has been used to assess/mitigate
risk in the past (e.g., during the Lilac Fire)
and in between emergencies with the
workshops for CBOs.

Hazard data and information Yes Hazard Data is used for both this plan, and the Counties Emergency Operations Plan. County OES
also uses this data for our Concept of Operations
and in assistance of hazard specific plans for other
departments.

HHSA and PHS have health statistics, and data
about the social determinants of health (e.g., Live
Well indicators). The Live Well Team and Community
Health Statistics Unit maintain this data and
information. Yes, this work has been used to assess
and mitigate risk in the past both for the County and
its partners by making this information widely and
publicly available and promoting awareness of it
(e.g., through workshops on the public health
impacts of climate change, presentations on the
Community Health Assessment data).

Grant writing Yes Mitigation grants (HMA / HMGP) Grants are applied for by multiple departments within the county (Flood
Authority / OES / PDS). All of which have grant
writing experience.

Hazus analysis Yes HAZUS Analysis is utilized for the Hazard Mitigation Plan.

4.1.3. FINANCIAL
Overall, this jurisdiction can expand upon this capability by researching, tracking, and applying for grant/funding opportunities that can enhance this jurisdiction’s Hazard Mitigation Program and execution of Prioritized Actions outlined in Section 6 of this plan. This jurisdiction can also enhance this capability by dedicating staff and/or collaborating with existing finance staff to further develop this capability.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-65
This jurisdiction has access to or is eligible to use the following funding resources for hazard mitigation:

TABLE 7: FUNDING RESOURCES
Funding Resource
Access/
Eligibility
(Yes/No)
Has the funding resource been used in past
and for what type of activities?
Could the resource be used to fund future
mitigation actions?
Community Development Block
Grants (CDBG)
Yes
Capital improvements project
funding
Yes Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific
purposes
Potentially San Diego Flood Control District Act provides potential, but Prop 218 requires a vote by
property owners.

Fees for water, sewer, gas, or
electric service
No
Impact fees for homebuyers or
developers for new
developments/homes
Yes Special Drainage Area Developer Fees provided
to Flood Control District

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-66

4.1.4. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
Overall, this jurisdiction can expand upon these capabilities by researching, tracking, and applying for grants/addition funding opportunities for applicable staff, research, education and outreach programs/projects/supplies/technology, and applicable resources/expenses. This jurisdiction can also enhance this capability by furthering it’s creative use of outreach methods, such as leveraging the Partner Relay (comprised of community leaders), and expanding partnerships.

The table below Identifies education and outreach programs and methods already in place that could be used to implement mitigation activities and communicate hazard-related information:

TABLE 8: EDUCATION AND OUTREACH PROGRAMS
Program/Organization Yes/No
Describe program/organization and how
relates to disaster resilience and
mitigation.

Could the program/organization help
implement future mitigation activities?
Local citizen groups or nonprofit organizations focused on environmental protection,
emergency preparedness,
access and functional needs
populations, etc.

Yes Department of Environmental Health &
Quality (DEHQ) does educational outreach to
permitted business on regulations only.

Public Health Services (PHS) works with the
following departments or groups for disaster
resilience and mitigation: County OES,
Community Action Partnership (Resident
Leadership Academy, CinA, WalkNRoll,
Exchange) & Office of Refugee Coordination,
HHSA Regions, Integrative Services, Live
Well San Diego team/CHWs, Partner Relay
efforts with various community-based
organizations serving refugees, populations
without homes, and community groups with
limited English proficiency. OES has a
working group on access and functional
needs, the County also has an Employee
Resource Group called Diverse Abilities which
takes an active interest in access and
functional needs (AFN) populations and
emergency preparedness. PHS also
collaborates with a number of partners and
community-based organizations on various
activities (e.g., Vista Community Clinic). PHS
has the ability to collaborate with any of the
groups listed above to help implement future
mitigation activities.

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-67
Ongoing public education or
information program (e.g.,
responsible water use, fire
safety, household
preparedness, environmental
education)
Yes Department of Environmental Health &
Quality (DEHQ) does educational outreach to
public schools on environmental education
Public Health Services (PHS) works with the
following departments or groups on public
information/education programs: County OES,
CAP (RLA, CinA, Exchange) & Office of
Refugee Coordination, HHSA Regions, DPW
(Recycling and stormwater), DEH, AWM as
well. Live Well San Diego team/Community
Health Workers (CHW), Partner Relay
(messages during and in between
emergencies plus 3 educational workshops
per year on emergency preparedness topics).

Resident Leadership Academy (RLA) Network
workshops on public health impacts of climate
change. El Cajon Collaborative, East County,
and all HHSA Regions to receive workshop
on public health impacts of climate change
(2021). PHS has the ability to collaborate with
any of the groups listed above to help
implement future mitigation activities.

Natural disaster or safety
related school programs
Yes Public Health Services (PHS) works with the
following departments or groups on natural
disaster programs: County OES, CAP
(potentially O’Farrell, RLA, NCRC), Live Well
San Diego team/CHWs. PHS has the ability to
collaborate with any of the groups listed
above to help implement future mitigation
activities for natural disasters.

StormReady certification Yes Department of Environmental Health & Quality (DEHQ) does educational outreach to
public schools on environmental education
Firewise Communities
certification
Yes The National Weather Service Storm Ready
Program was created to help communities
develop disaster mitigation plans and prepare
for extreme weather events. The National
Weather Service has outlined five
requirements to receive a storm ready
certification (StormReady):

Establish a 24-hour warning point and
emergency operations center
Have more than one way to receive severe
weather warnings and forecasts and to alert
the public

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-68
Create a system that monitors weather
conditions locally
Promote the importance of public readiness
through community seminars
Develop a formal hazardous weather plan,
which includes training severe weather
spotters and holding emergency exercises.

San Diego County Flood Control District's
(SDCFCD) applied for a Storm Ready
certification in 2018 and received it shortly
afterward. SDCFCD's ALERT flood warning
system has over 450 sensors continuously
monitoring and transmitting hydrologic and
weather information to the base station at the
Kearny Mesa Weather Center. If any of the
parameters exceed predetermined thresholds,
alarm notifications are sent to emergency
officials and flood control staff. This allows
field crews and emergency staff to know
where to concentrate storm cleanup or storm
mitigation efforts. During precipitation events,
Flood Control staff monitor weather conditions
and ensure flood warning system integrity
24/7.

Could the program/organization help
implement future mitigation activities?
The program's framework ensures
communities frequently create or modify
disaster mitigation plans to prepare for the
increasing vulnerability of natural hazards.

Flood Control holds and participates in
exercises with partners to improve existing
technology, ensure we utilize best
communication practices, and make certain
mitigation plans are relevant for current and
future risks and hazards.

Public-private partnership
initiatives addressing disasterrelated issues
Yes Public Health Services (PHS) works with the
following departments or groups on publicprivate partnership initiatives: County OES, HHSA Regions, CAP & Office of Refugee
Coordination, Live Well San Diego
team/CHWs
Disaster Medical Surge Plan, San Diego
Healthcare Disaster Coalition. PHS has the
ability to collaborate with any of the groups
listed above to help implement future

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-69
mitigation activities to address disasterrelated issues

4.2. NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP)
As a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) (discussed previously in Section 1 of this plan), a community develops capabilities for conducting flood mitigation activities. The hazard mitigation plan must describe each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP.

Participating communities must describe their continued compliance with NFIP requirements.

The mitigation plan must do more than state that the community will continue to comply with the NFIP. Each jurisdiction must describe their floodplain management program and address how they will continue to comply with the NFIP requirements. The local floodplain administrator is often the primary source for this information.

Jurisdictions where FEMA has issued a floodplain map but are currently not participating in the NFIP may meet this requirement by describing the reasons why the community does not participate. Plan updates must meet the same requirements and document any change in floodplain management programs.

The County of San Diego participates in the NFIP. The following table shows the NFIP participation status of the County of San Diego and its jurisdictions:

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-70

TABLE 9: NFIP STATUS OF PARTICIPATING JURISDICTIONS.

Jurisdiction Participating Not Participating Not Eligible

1. Alpine Fire
Protection
District
X

2. Carlsbad X

3. Chula Vista X

4. Coronado X

5. County of San
Diego X

6. Del Mar X

7. El Cajon X

8. Encinitas X

9. Escondido X

10. Imperial Beach X

11. La Mesa X

12. Lemon Grove X

13. National City X

14. Oceanside X

15. Otay Water
District X

16. Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
X

17. Poway X

18. Port of San
Diego X

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-71

19. Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
X

20. Rancho Santa
Fe Fire
Protection
District
X

21. San Diego
(City) X

22. San Marcos X

23. San Diego
County
Water Authority
X

24. San Miguel Fire
Protection
District
X

25. Santee X

26. Solana Beach X

27. Sweetwater
Authority X

28. Vista X

29. Vista Irrigation
District X

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-72
The information listed below details this community’s participation in and continued compliance with the NFIP and identified areas for improvement that could be potential mitigation actions (listed in Section 6 of this plan):

TABLE 10: LOCAL MITIGATION
NFIP Topic Source of Information
Insurance Summary
How many NFIP policies are in the community? What
is the total premium and coverage?
State NFIP Coordinator or FEMA NFIP
Specialist
How many claims have been paid in the community?
What is the total amount of paid claims? How many of
the claims were for substantial damage?
FEMA NFIP or Insurance Specialist
How many structures are exposed to flood risk within
the community?
Community Floodplain Administrator
(FPA)
Describe any areas of flood risk with limited NFIP
policy coverage
Community FPA and FEMA Insurance
Specialist
Staff Resources
Is the Community FPA or NFIP Coordinator certified? Community FPA Is floodplain management an auxiliary function? Community FPA Provide an explanation of NFIP administration services
(e.g., permit review, GIS, education or outreach,
inspections, engineering capability)
Community FPA
What are the barriers to running an effective NFIP
program in the community, if any?
Community FPA
Compliance History
Is the community in good standing with the NFIP? State NFIP Coordinator, FEMA NFIP Specialist, community records
Regulation
When did the community enter the NFIP? Community Status Book http://www.fema.gov/ national-floodinsurance- program/national-flood-

ATTACHMENT
A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities A-73
NFIP Topic Source of Information
insurance-program- community-statusbook
Are the FIRMs digital or paper? Community FPA
Do floodplain development regulations meet or exceed
FEMA or State minimum requirements? If so, in what
ways?
Community FPA
Provide an explanation of the permitting process. Community FPA, State, FEMA NFIP Flood Insurance Manual
http://www.fema.gov/ flood-insurancemanual
Community FPA, FEMA CRS
Coordinator, ISO representative
Community Rating System (CRS)
Does the community participate in CRS? Community FPA, State, FEMA NFIP What is the community’s CRS Class Ranking? Flood Insurance Manual http://www.fema.gov/ flood-insurancemanual
Does the plan include CRS planning requirements Community FPA, FEMA CRS Coordinator, ISO representative
SECTION 74
SECTION FIVE: Risk Assessment
Decorative Image Photo by County OES, Rob Andolina
San Diego County, California
2023

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-75

5. SECTION FIVE: CONDUCT A RISK ASSESSMENT
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) conducts a risk assessment to determine the potential impacts of hazards to the people, economy, and built and natural environments of the community. The risk assessment provides the foundation for the rest of the mitigation planning process, which is focused on identifying and prioritizing actions to reduce risk to hazards.

In addition to informing the mitigation strategy, the risk assessment also can be used to establish emergency preparedness and response priorities, for land use and comprehensive planning, and for decision making by elected officials, city and county departments, businesses, and organizations in the community.

Risk Assessment requires the collection and analysis of hazard-related data to enable local jurisdictions to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions that will reduce losses from potential hazards.

When the plan revision process began in 2019, a complete review of the hazards identified in the original plan and first update was conducted to determine if they were still valid and should be kept as a target for mitigation measures or removed from the list. The HMPG also reassessed hazards that were not considered for mitigation actions in 2018 to determine if that decision was still applicable or if they should be moved to the active list. Finally, the HMPG examined potential or emerging hazards, including climate change, to see if any should be included on the active list.

The data used was the most recent data available from SanGIS and the participating jurisdictions. This data changed the model results; in some cases, raising the risks and reducing it in others. The overall result was a more accurate picture of the risks facing the region.

While many of the mitigation measures listed in the original plan and revision were accomplished, the risk of the hazard did not significantly diminish. This is easily seen in both the wildfire and earthquake hazards.

While mitigation measures have been put in place (such as the update of the fire code and vegetation management measures), wildfire remains, and will continue to be, the greatest hazard risk to the San Diego region. The HMPG reviewed all events since 2018 (wildfires, etc.) and all were profiled accurately in the original plan.

The review of other hazards showed the updated data was consistent with previous growth in the region.

Any significant changes to the hazard profiles were the result of the incorporation of climate change into this plan.

Risk Assessment is the process of identifying the potential impacts of hazards that threaten an area, including both natural and human-caused events. A natural event causes a hazard when it harms people or property. Such events would include floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, tsunami, coastal storms, landslides, and wildfires that strike populated areas. Human-caused hazard events are caused by human activity and include technological hazards and terrorism.

Technological hazards are generally accidental and/or have unintended consequences (for example, an accidental hazardous materials release). Terrorism is defined by the Code of Federal Regulations as “…unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” Natural hazards that have harmed the County in the past are likely to happen in the future. Consequently, the process of risk assessment includes determining whether the hazard has occurred previously.

Approaches to collecting historical hazard data include researching newspapers and other records, conducting a planning document and report literature review in all relevant hazard subject areas, gathering hazard-related GIS data, and engaging in conversation with relevant experts from the community.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-76
In addition, a variety of sources were used to determine the full range of all potential hazards within San Diego County. Even though a particular hazard may not have occurred in recent history in San Diego County, it is important during the hazard identification stage to consider all hazards that may potentially affect the study area.

Hazard profiling entails describing the physical characteristics of hazards such as their magnitude, duration, past occurrences, and probability. This stage of the hazard mitigation planning process involves creating base maps of the study area, then collecting and mapping hazard event profile information obtained from various federal, state, and local government agencies.

Building upon the original hazard profiles, The County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) used the existing hazard data tables (created for the original Hazard Mitigation Plan and revision) and updated them using current data. The revised hazard data was mapped to determine the geographic extent of the hazards in each jurisdiction in the County.

The level of risk associated with each hazard in each jurisdiction was also estimated and assigned a risk level of high, medium, or low depending on several factors unique to that hazard. The hazards assessed were both natural and human-caused.

Probability of future events are described in the plan as:
 Highly Likely – Occurs at intervals of 1 – 10 years
 Likely - Occurs at intervals of 10 - 50 years
 Somewhat Likely - Occurs at intervals greater than every 50 years Analyzing risk involves evaluating vulnerable assets, describing potential impacts, and estimating losses for each hazard. Vulnerability describes the degree to which an asset is susceptible to damage from a hazard.

Vulnerability also depends on an asset’s construction, contents, and the economic value of its functions.

Like indirect damages, the vulnerability of one element of the community is often related to the vulnerability of another. Often, indirect effects can be much more widespread and damaging than direct effects. Risk analysis predicts the extent of injury and damage that may result from a hazard event of a given intensity within an area. It identifies the effects of natural and human-caused hazard events by estimating the relative exposure of existing and future population, land development, and infrastructure to hazardous conditions.

The analysis helps set mitigation priorities by allowing local jurisdictions to focus attention on areas most likely to be damaged or most likely to require early emergency response during a hazard event.

Disaster records were reviewed for repetitive losses. No repetitive losses were found for coastal storms, erosion, tsunamis, dam failures, earthquakes, landslides, wildfire, or liquefaction. Repetitive loss due to flooding is covered in the respective hazard profile of this plan.

Exposure analysis identifies the existing and future assets located in an identified hazard area. It can quantify the number, type and value of structures, critical facilities, and infrastructure located in those areas, as well as assets exposed to multiple hazards. It can also be used to quantify the number of future structures and infrastructure possible in hazard prone areas based on zoning and building codes.

5.1. HAZARD ASSESSMENT SUMMARY
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) reviewed the hazards identified in the original Hazard Mitigation Plan and evaluated each to see if they still posed a risk to the region. In addition, the hazards

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-77
listed in the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook were also reviewed to determine if they should be added to the list of hazards to include in the plan revision. 83 F83 F83 F 84 All hazards identified by FEMA included: avalanche, coastal storm, coastal erosion, dam failure, drought/water supply, earthquake, expansive soils, extreme heat, flooding, hailstorm, house/building fire, land subsidence, landslide, liquefaction, severe winter storm, tornado, tsunami, wildfire, windstorm, and volcano.

Although not required by the FEMA Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, human-caused hazards, such as hazardous materials release, nuclear materials release, and terrorism, were also reviewed by the HMPG.

Climate change was reviewed and discussed as an individual hazard. However, the HMPG determined the impact of climate change on the identified hazards should instead be included in hazard evaluations and their impacts.

Hazard identification is the process of identifying all hazards that threaten an area, including both natural and human-caused events. In the hazard identification stage, The HMPG determined hazards that potentially threaten San Diego County.

The hazard screening process involved narrowing the all-inclusive list of hazards to those most threatening to the San Diego region. The screening effort required extensive input from a variety of HMPG members, including representatives from City governments, County agencies, special districts, fire agencies and law enforcement agencies, the California Office of Emergency Services, local businesses, community groups, the 2020 Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization Operational Area Emergency Plan, and the public.

The County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), with assistance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) experts from the County of San Diego’s Planning and Development Services, used information from FEMA and other nationally and locally available databases to map the County’s hazards, infrastructure, critical facilities, and land uses. This mapping effort was utilized in the hazard screening process to determine which hazards would present the greatest risk to the County of San Diego and to each jurisdiction within the County.

It was also determined that the coastal storm, erosion, and tsunami hazards should be profiled together because the same communities in the County have the potential to be affected by all three hazards. In the development of the initial plan, the HMPG indicated that, because the majority of the development in San Diego is relatively recent (within the last 60 years), an urban-type fire that destroys multiple city blocks is not likely to occur alone, without a wildfire in the urban/wild-land interface occurring first.

Therefore, it was determined that structure fire and wildfire should be addressed as one hazard category in the plan. This current revised plan continues to discuss structure fire and wildfire together.

Similarly, the original plan and first revision addressed earthquake and liquefaction as one category because liquefaction does not occur unless an adequate level of ground shaking from an earthquake occurs first.

With the decommissioning of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, it was also decided to incorporate nuclear materials release (resulting from an accident) under hazardous materials release.

The table below is the HMPG’s summary of hazard description information and identification of hazards are most significant to the planning area:

84 Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (fema.gov).

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-78
TABLE 11: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazard
Location
(Geographic
Area Affected)
Maximum Probable
Extent
(Magnitude/Strength)
Probability of
Future Events
Overall
Significance
Ranking
Avalanche Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Dam Failure Significant Severe Unlikely Medium
Drought Significant Severe Highly Likely High
Earthquake Significant Extreme Likely High
Erosion Limited Moderate Likely Medium
Expansive
Soils
Limited Weak Likely Medium
Extreme Cold Limited Weak Unlikely Low
Extreme Heat Extensive Severe Highly Likely High
Flood Significant Severe Highly Likely High
Hail Limited Weak Unlikely Low
Hurricane Limited Weak Unlikely Low
Landslide Extensive Severe Unlikely Medium
Lightning Significant Weak Likely Medium
Sea Level
Rise
Negligible Weak Likely High
Severe Wind Extensive Weak Highly Likely Medium
Severe Winter
Weather
Significant Moderate Likely Medium
Storm Surge Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Subsidence Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Tornado Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Tsunami Negligible Weak Unlikely Medium
Wildfire Extensive Extreme Highly Likely High

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-79
Hazard
Location
(Geographic
Area Affected)
Maximum Probable
Extent
(Magnitude/Strength)
Probability of
Future Events
Overall
Significance
Ranking
Climate
Change
Extensive Extreme Highly Likely High
Terrorism /
Cyber
Terrorism
(HumanCaused)
Extensive Extreme Likely High
CBRNE
Threats
Limited Moderate Occasional Low
Pandemic
Disease
Extensive Extreme Occasional High
Definitions for Classifications Location (Geographic Area Affected)  Negligible: Less than 10 percent of planning area or isolated single-point occurrences  Limited: 10 to 25 percent of the planning area or limited single-point occurrences  Significant: 25 to 75 percent of planning area or frequent single-point occurrences  Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of planning area or consistent single-point occurrences Maximum Probable Extent (Magnitude/Strength based on historic events or future probability)  Weak: Limited classification on scientific scale, slow speed of onset or short duration of event, resulting in little to no damage
 Moderate: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset or moderate duration of event, resulting in some damage and loss of services for days  Severe: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of onset or long duration of event, resulting in devastating damage and loss of services for weeks or months  Extreme: Extreme classification on scientific scale, immediate onset, or extended duration of event, resulting in catastrophic damage and uninhabitable conditions Ft TABLE 12: HAZARD SEVERITY
Hazard Scale / Index Weak Moderate Severe Extreme
Drought84F84F84 F
85 Palmer Drought Severity
Index3
-1.99 to
+1.99
-2.00 to
-2.99
-3.00 to
-3.99
-4.00 and
below
Earthquake85F85F85 F
86 86F86 F86 F
87 Modified Mercalli Scale4 I to IV V to VII VII IX to XII Richter Magnitude5 2, 3 4, 5 6 7, 8
Hurricane
Wind87F87F87 F
88 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane
Wind Scale6
1 2 3 4, 5

85 Cumulative meteorological drought and wet conditions: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/ 86 Earthquake intensity and effect on population and structures: http://earthquake.usgs.gov 87 Earthquake magnitude as a logarithmic scale, measured by a seismograph: http://earthquake.usgs.gov 88 Hurricane rating based on sustained wind speed: http://nhc.noaa.gov

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-80
Tornado 88F88F88 F
89 Fujita Tornado Damage
Scale7
F0 F1, F2 F3 F4, F5
Probability of Future Events
 Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.
 Occasional: 1 to 10 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
 Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
 Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year.

Overall Significance
 Low: Two or more criteria fall in lower classifications, or the event has a minimal impact on the planning area. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a minimal or unknown record of occurrences or for hazards with minimal mitigation potential.
 Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.
 High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.

Based on this FEMA Standardized evaluation, in accordance with information covered within the HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public, the County of San Diego has prioritized the following hazards into High, Medium, and Low rankings (in no order of prioritization within individual categories):

High Medium Low
 Drought  Dam Failure  Avalanche
 Extreme Heat  Erosion  Extreme Cold
 Flood  Expansive Soils  Hail
 Sea Level Rise  Landslide  Hurricane
 Wildfire  Lightning  Subsidence
 Climate Change  Severe Weather  Tornado
 Terrorism / CyberTerrorism Severe Winter
Weather
 CBRNE Threats
 Pandemic Disease  Storm Surge
 Tsunami
 Earthquake
A High ranking indicates the hazard has a “Highly Likely” probability of occurrence and/or a severe impact on the community. The Medium ranking indicated a “Likely” or “Occasional” potential for occurrence or impact. Hazards with a low probability of occurrence but with a potentially high impact were also ranked as Medium. The Low ranking indicates that the potential for the event to occur is "Unlikely” (remote and/or the impact of the event is minimal to the community).

89 Tornado rating based on wind speed and associated damage: http://spc.noaa.gov

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-81
Many of these hazards were ranked differently by individual jurisdictions. For example, tsunamis received a relatively High ranking among coastal jurisdictions, while inland jurisdictions did not consider them for mitigation action. Additionally, all jurisdictions rated wildfire High. The hazards selected by each jurisdiction and related mitigation goals and actions are included in Section 5 and 6 of their annexes.

The final list of eleven prioritized hazards for San Diego County were hazards with High or Medium Overall Significance. This list of prioritized hazards was determined by the HMPG using HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public (appearing below in alphabetical order):
 Climate Change
o Probability of Future Events Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year. o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
 Dam Failure
o Probability of Future Events Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years. o Overall Significance Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating. o Rationale for Inclusion: Determined to require inclusion by the HMPG using HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public
 Drought
o Probability of Future Events Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year. o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
 Earthquake/Liquefaction
o Probability of Future Events Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
 Extreme Heat
o Probability of Future Events Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year. o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
 Flood
o Probability of Future Events Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year. o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-82
 Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)) o Probability of Future Events Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
 Rain-Induced Landslide
o Probability of Future Events Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years. o Overall Significance Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating. o Rationale for Inclusion: Determined to require inclusion by the HMPG using HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public
o
 Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion
o Probability of Future Events Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
o Overall Significance High: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating. o Rationale for Inclusion: Determined to require inclusion by the HMPG using HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public
 Tsunami
o Probability of Future Events Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years. o Overall Significance Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating. o Rationale for Inclusion: Determined to require inclusion by the HMPG using HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public
 Wildfire/Structure Fire
o Probability of Future Events Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year. o Overall Significance High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.

Climate Change will be addressed throughout this plan as both a hazard and a factor that could affect the location, extent, probability of occurrence, and magnitude of climate-related hazards listed above.

Though Pandemic Disease received a “High” Overall Significance rating (The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.), the HMPG determined this hazard’s “Occasional” Probability of Future Events rating (1 to 10 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.), and input from HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-83
Series, Subject Matter Experts and the public did not necessitate this hazard to be included in this plan’s final list of prioritized hazards.

5.1.1. HAZARD OMISSION RATIONALE
During the initial evaluation, the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) determined certain hazards were not included in the original plan’s profiling step because they were not prevalent hazards within San Diego County, were found to pose only minor or very minor threats to San Diego County compared to the other hazards (status had not changed), and would, therefore, not be included in this revision.

Only hazards that received a High or Medium ranking in Section 5.1 (other than CBRNE threats due to their potentially serious impacts) were considered in this mitigation planning process.

Though Pandemic Disease received a “High” Overall Significance rating (The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.), the HMPG determined this hazard’s “Occasional” Probability of Future Events rating (1 to 10 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.), and input from HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, Subject Matter Experts and the public did not necessitate this hazard to be included in this plan’s final list of prioritized hazards.

The table below gives a brief description of remaining, omitted hazards and the reason for their exclusion:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-84
TABLE 13: HAZARD OMISSION
Hazard Description Reason for Exclusion
Avalanche A mass of snow moving down a slope.

There are two basic elements to a slide;
a steep, snow-covered slope and a
trigger
Snowfall in County mountains
not significant; poses very
minor threat compared to
other hazards
Expansive soils Expansive soils shrink when dry and
swell when wet. This movement can
exert enough pressure to crack
sidewalks, driveways, basement floors,
pipelines and even foundations
Presents a minor threat to
limited portions of the County
Hailstorm Can occur during thunderstorms that
bring heavy rains, strong winds, hail,
lightning, and tornadoes
Occurs during severe
thunderstorms; most likely to
occur in the central and
southern states; no historical
record of this hazard in the
region.

Land
subsidence
Occurs when large amounts of ground
water have been withdrawn from certain
types of rocks, such as fine-grained
sediments. The rock compacts because
the water is partly responsible for
holding the ground up. When the water
is withdrawn, the rocks fall in on
themselves.

Soils in the County are
mostly granitic. Presents a
minor threat to limited parts
of the county. No historical
record of this hazard in the
region.

Tornado A tornado is a violent windstorm
characterized by a twisting, funnelshaped cloud. It is spawned by a thunderstorm (or sometimes because of
a hurricane) and produced when cool air
overrides a layer of warm air, forcing the
warm air to rise rapidly. The damage
Less than one tornado event
occurs in the entire State of
California in any given year;
poses very minor threat
compared to other hazards.

No historical record of this
hazard in the region.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-85
Hazard Description Reason for Exclusion
from a tornado is a result of the high
wind velocity and wind-blown debris.

Volcano A volcano is a mountain that is built up
by an accumulation of lava, ash flows,
and airborne ash and dust. When
pressure from gases and the molten
rock within the volcano becomes strong
enough to cause an explosion, eruptions
occur
No active volcanoes in San
Diego County. No historical
record of this hazard in the
region.

Windstorm A storm with winds that have reached a
constant speed of 74 miles per hour or
more
Maximum sustained wind
speed recorded in the region
is less than 60 miles per hour
and would not be expected to
cause major damage or
injury.

5.1.2. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION SOURCES
Once the hazards of concern for San Diego County were determined, the available data was collected, using sources including the internet, direct communication with various agencies, discussions with in-house experts, and historical records. Specific sources included the United States Geological Survey (USGS), California Geological Survey (CGS), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) HAZUS, FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM), United States Forest Service (USFS), California Department of Forestry – Fire and Resource Assessment Program (CDF-FRAP), National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), San Diego Geographic Information Source (SanGIS), San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), San Diego County Flood Control District, Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC), California Seismic Safety Commission (CSSC), California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN), California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), Drought Outlook websites, and input gathered from local jurisdictions districts and agencies.

When necessary, agencies were contacted to ensure the most updated data was obtained and used.

Historical landmark locations throughout the County were obtained from the National Register and from the San Diego Historical Resources Board.

5.2. ALL HAZARD PROFILES
A hazard profile is a description of the physical characteristics of a hazard and a determination of various hazard descriptors, including magnitude, duration, frequency, probability, and extent. The hazard data that was collected in the hazard identification process were mapped to determine the geographic extent of the hazards in each jurisdiction in the County and the level of risk associated with each hazard.

Because Nuclear Materials Release, Hazardous Materials Release, and Terrorism hazards are sensitive issues and release of information could pose further unnecessary threat, the HMPG decided that each of these hazards would be further profiled and assessed in a separate, “For Official Use Only” Appendix and would be exempt from public distribution and disclosure by Section 6254 (99) of the California Government Code (Planning Partners, see separate FOUO Attachment A).

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-86
Most hazards were given a risk level of high, medium, or low depending on several factors unique to the hazard. The hazards identified and profiled for San Diego County, as well as the data used to profile each hazard are presented in this section. The hazards are presented in alphabetical order; and this does not signify level of importance to the HMPG.

The final list of prioritized hazards to be profiled for San Diego County was determined as Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Material Incidents (CBRNE Threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/ Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, and Wildfire.

A comprehensive list of hazards that are possible in San Diego County is detailed in the next subsection (in alphabetical order). Planning Partners should refer to the existing, For Official Use Only (FOUO) Threat and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (THIRA) for hazard ranking information.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-87
TABLE 14: HAZARD PROFILES
Hazard Data Collected for Hazard
Identification Justification for Inclusion
Climate Change  National Climate Assessment
 Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
 California Environmental
Protection Agency and Office
of Environmental Health
Hazard Assessment
 Sea levels measured at a station in
La Jolla have risen at a rate of 6
inches over the last century
 In north San Diego County, there
have been a number of significant
cliff failures in recent years
Dam Failure  FEMA-HAZUS
 Dam Inundation Data
(SanGIS)
 San Diego County Water
Authority (SDCWA)
(Olivenhain Dam)
 FEMA FIRM maps
 Topography (SANDAG)
 FEMA Hazards website
 Dam failure
 58 dams exist throughout San
Diego County
 Many dams over 30 years old
 Increased downstream
development
Drought  California Department of
Water Resources
 San Diego County Water
Authority
 Statewide multiple year droughts
have occurred numerous times
since 1976
Earthquake
Liquefaction
 USGS
 CGS
 URS
 CISN
 SanGIS
 SANDAG
 FEMA-HAZUS 99
 FEMA Hazards website
 Soil-Slip Susceptibility
(USGS)
 FEMA-HAZUS MH
 FEMA Hazards website
 Several active fault zones pass
through San Diego County
 Steep slopes or alluvial deposit
soils in low-lying areas are
susceptible to liquefaction during
earthquakes or heavy rains. San
Diego County terrain has both of
these characteristics and lies within
several active earthquake zones
Extreme Heat  Spatial Hazard Events and
Losses Database for the
United States
 There have been 52 heat events in
San Diego County since 2013
Flood  FEMA FIRM Maps
 Topography
 Base flood elevations (FEMA)
 Historical flood records
 San Diego County Water
Authority
 San Diego County Dept. of
Sanitation and Flood Control
 FEMA Hazards website
 Much of San Diego County is
located within the 100-year
floodplain
 Flash floods and other flood events
occur regularly during rainstorms
due to terrain and hydrology of San
Diego County
 There have been multiple
Proclaimed States of Emergency

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-88
Hazard Data Collected for Hazard
Identification Justification for Inclusion
between 1950-2019 for floods in
San Diego County
Human-Caused
Hazards:
(Hazardous
Materials Release)
 County of San Diego Dept. of
Environmental Health,
Hazardous Materials Division
 San Diego County has several
facilities that handle or process
hazardous materials
 Heightened security concerns since
September 2001
Human-Caused
Hazards: (Nuclear
Materials
Release/CBRNE
Threats)
 San Onofre Nuclear
Generating Station (SONGS)
and Department of Defense
 The potential exists for an
accidental release of radioactive
material stored at San Onofre or
from nuclear ships in San Diego
Bay
 Heightened security concerns since
September 2001
Human-Caused
Hazards:
(Terrorism/CyberTerrorism)
 County of San Diego
Environmental Health
Department Hazardous
Materials Division
 The federal and state governments
have advised every jurisdiction to
consider the terrorism hazard
 Heightened security concerns since
September 2001
Rain-Induced
Landslide
 USGS
 CGS
 Tan Map Series
 Steep slope data (SANDAG)
 Soil Series Data (SANDAG)
 FEMA-HAZUS
 FEMA Hazards website
 NEH
 Steep slopes within earthquake
zones characterize San Diego
County, which creates landslide
risk.
 There have been two Proclaimed
States of Emergency for landslides
in San Diego County
Sea Level
Rise/Coastal
Storms/Erosion
 Historical Coastlines (NOAA)
 Shoreline Erosion
Assessment (SANDAG)
 FEMA FIRM Maps
 FEMA Hazards website
 Coastal Zone Boundary
(CALTRANS)
 National Research Council’s
Report on Sea Level Rise in
California, Oregon, and
Washington: Past, Present
and Future
 Sea Level Rise Adaptation
Strategy for the San Diego
Bay
 Sea levels measured at a station in
La Jolla have risen at a rate of 6
inches over the last century
 Coastline stabilization measures
have been implemented at various
times in the past (erosion)
 Extensive development along the
coast
Tsunami  Historical Coastlines (NOAA)
 Shoreline Erosion
Assessment (SANDAG)
 Maximum Tsunami Run up
Projections (USCA OES)
 FEMA FIRM Maps
 FEMA Hazards website
 Sea levels measured at a station in
La Jolla have risen at a rate of 6
inches over the last century
 Coastline stabilization measures
have been implemented at various
times in the past (erosion)
 Extensive development along the
coast

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-89
Hazard Data Collected for Hazard
Identification Justification for Inclusion
 Coastal Zone Boundary
(CALTRANS)
 Tsunamis and their
Occurrence along the San
Diego County Coast (report,
Westinghouse Ocean
Research Laboratory)
 Tsunami (article, Scientific
American)
 National Research Council’s
Report on Sea Level Rise in
California, Oregon and
Washington: Past, Present
and Future
 Sea Level Rise Adaptation
Strategy for the San Diego
Bay
Wildfire  CDF-FRAP
 USFS
 CDFG
 Topography
 Local Fire Agencies
 Historical fire records
 FEMA Hazards website
 San Diego County experiences
wildfires on a regular basis
 Twelve States of Emergency were
declared for wildfires between
1950-2020
 Terrain and climate of San Diego
 Santa Ana Winds

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-90

5.2.1. CLIMATE CHANGE
Nature of Hazard
Climate change is not a hazard in and of itself, but rather is a factor that could affect the location, extent, probability of occurrence, and magnitude of climate-related hazards.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increased global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. 89F89 F89 F 90 The overwhelming majority of
climate scientists agree that human activities, especially burning of fossil fuels, are responsible for most of the global warming observed. 90F90 F90 F
91 The Scripps Institution of Oceanography planning partners define Climate Change as any systematic change in the long-term statistics of climate elements and weather events (such as temperature, pressure, or winds) sustained over several decades or longer. 91F91F91 F 92 Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.

Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.92F92F92F
93 Disaster History
More historical information, provided by Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), is detailed in the respective Vulnerability Assessment section of this plan.

Climate change impacts are already impacting the region especially as it relates to temperature and extreme heat. Recent weather and climate impacts provide a fingerprint of climate change impacts in San Diego County. These include terrestrial floods, coast sea level extremes, erosion and wave damage, heat waves, and wildfires, such as the 2003 and 2007 conflagrations. Compound extremes should be considered, such as the wildfire-followed-by flood and debris flow event that occurred in Montecito/Santa Barbara County in 2017.

Hazard Impacts
The most vulnerable populations to impacts from extreme events are those who inhabit locations with greatest or most unusual physical effects, those who lack resources, who are uninsured, who are socially isolated, or have already compromised health. Coastal regions are vulnerable to oceanic flooding and the increasing occurrence of heat waves, whose temperatures are likely lower than in inland regions but rarely occurred historically. However, the health impacts of less intense heat waves on those living in the coastal zone may be more severe than elsewhere in the county because the population is less acclimated to the

90 IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
91 Ibid
92 https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Climate_change
93 https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/glossary/

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-91
heat. Neighborhoods with less access to air conditioning and natural shading from vegetation are more susceptible to extreme heat.

Implementing appropriate warnings and communication or extremes such as heatwaves and/or smoke from wildfires, and developing responses to prepare for these extremes is critically important, especially in the most vulnerable communities. To move forward, the region can assess current measures, such as cooling centers to take refuge from extreme heat, urban greening, residential and commercial structure fire resistance and community fire mitigation and escape routes.

Other ways to prevent and mitigate further impacts include:
 Testing and monitoring adaptation strategies. Such efforts include the Cardiff Dunes to mitigate coastal flooding.
 Identifying thresholds to determine when it may be necessary to relocate or redesign infrastructure.  Continual improvement of extreme forecasts to allow longer lead times to prepare for the extremes.

The climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. 93F93F93F 94 The climate change factor is
increasing risk for some natural hazards, and this assessment includes information about how risk will change into the future.

By assessing ongoing changes in risk—in addition to the traditional practice of risk assessment based on observed hazard events—this plan’s hazard mitigation strategies can better reduce risk from hazards expected going forward. In general, to prepare and mitigate impacts of climate change, develop integrated multi-agency, multi-jurisdiction approach that uses best information, best practices, and considers the needs of under-resourced, disadvantaged communities and individuals.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude According to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography planning partners, Climate Change effects such as heat waves, wildfire, and floods will occur unevenly across San Diego County.

Climate change will occur throughout San Diego County, but the expression of climate change will differ across the complex landscape of the region depending on the type of event, e.g., heat, flooding, drought, or wildfire. Heat waves and wildfire will likely have greatest magnitude over inland regions, and runoff from heavy rainfall will be concentrated in stream channels.

Greenhouse gas mitigation remains important as observations, modeling, and physical principles show conclusively that the accumulation of anthropogenic greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere has driven the rapid warming observed globally over several decades (the last two decades in particular). Because:
 greenhouse gasses such as CO2 have long, several decade lifetimes  the earth system is still not equilibrated (still warming) to the increased greenhouse gasses already resident in the atmosphere
 global society’s fossil fuel (burns carbon, releases CO2) economy is difficult to replace so further accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is inevitable, the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice will warm further.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is thus a critical immediate and long-range mitigation action (e.g., Franco et al., 2018).

The probability of Climate Change occurrence in the entire planning area is “Highly Likely”, meaning 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1

94 Walsh, J., D. Wuebbles, K. Hayhoe, J. Kossin, K. Kunkel, G. Stephens, P. Thorne, R. Vose, M. Wehner, J. Willis, D. Anderson, S. Doney, R. Feely, P.

Hennon, V. Kharin, T. Knutson, F. Landerer, T. Lenton, J. Kennedy, and R. Somerville, 2014: Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 19-67. doi:10.7930/J0KW5CXT.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-92
year. Climate change is virtually certain to continue without immediate and effective global action.

According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the past eight years have collectively been the warmest years since modern recordkeeping began in 1880. Without significant global action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the IPCC concludes in its Fifth Assessment Synthesis Report (2014) that average global temperatures are likely to exceed 1.5°C by the end of the 21st century, with consequences for people, assets, economies and ecosystems (including risks from heat stress, storms and extreme precipitation, inland and coastal flooding, landslides, air pollution, drought, water scarcity, sea level rise and storm surges).94F94F9 4F 95 5.2.2. DAM FAILURE
Nature of Hazard
Dam failures can result in severe flood events. When a dam fails, a large quantity of water is suddenly released with a great potential to cause human casualties, economic loss, lifeline disruption, and environmental damage. A dam failure is usually the result of age, poor design, or structural damage caused by a major event such as an earthquake or flood.

Disaster History
Two major dam failures, during a single event, have been recorded in San Diego County. The Hatfield Flood of 1916 caused the failure of both the Sweetwater Main and Lower Otay Dams; resulting in 22 deaths. Most of those deaths were attributed to the failure of Lower Otay Dam (County of San Diego Sanitation and Flood Control, 2002).

At the time of this plan’s publication, there were not any reported dam failures in the planning area within the past five years.

Hazard Impacts
Water released by a failed dam generates tremendous energy and can cause a flood that is catastrophic to life and property. A catastrophic dam failure could challenge local response capabilities and require evacuations to save lives. Impacts to life safety will depend on the warning time and the resources available to notify and evacuate the public. Major loss of life could result as well as potentially catastrophic effects to roads, bridges, and homes. Electric generating facilities and transmission lines could also be damaged and affect life support systems in communities outside the immediate hazard area. Associated water supply, water quality and health concerns could also be an issue. Factors that influence the potential severity of a full or partial dam failure are the amount of water impounded; the density, type, and value of development and infrastructure located downstream; and the speed of failure.

A major dam failure could have a devastating impact on the San Diego County Planning Area. Dam failure flooding presents a threat to life and property, including buildings, their contents, and their use. Large flood events can affect crops and livestock as well as lifeline critical utilities (e.g., water, sewerage, and power), transportation, jobs, tourism, the environment, and the local and regional economies.

Flooding, including that from dam failure, causes many impacts to agricultural production, including water contamination, damage to crops, loss of livestock, increased susceptibility of livestock to disease, flooded farm machinery, and environmental damage to and from agricultural chemicals.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude

95 https://resources.ca.gov/Initiatives/Building-Climate-Resilience/2021-State-Adaptation-Strategy-Update

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-93
The figure below displays the locations and extent of dam failure hazard areas for the County of San Diego.

Dam failures are rated as one of the major “low-probability, high-loss” events:

SECTION 94
FIGURE FIGURE 1: MAP 1: MOFAP OSANF SAN DIEGO DIEGO COUNTY COUNTY DAM DA IINUNDATION NUNDATION AREAS AREAS SECTION 95
Dam inundation map data was used to profile dam failure risk levels. These maps were created by agencies that own and operate dams. The County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) obtained this data from SanGIS, a local GIS data repository. The dam inundation map layers show areas that would be flooded in the event of a dam failure. If an area lies within a dam inundation zone, it was considered at high risk. A dam is characterized as high hazard if it stores more than 1,000 acre-feet of water, is higher than 150 feet tall, has potential for downstream property damage, and potential for downstream evacuation. Ratings are set by FEMA and confirmed with site visits by engineers. A simple way to define high risk of dam failure is if failure of the dam is likely to result in loss of human life. Most dams in the County are greater than 50 years old and are characterized by increased hazard potential due to downstream development and increased risk due to structural deterioration in inadequate spillway capacity (Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization Operational Area Emergency Plan, 2014).

The County remains at risk to dam failures from numerous dams under a variety of ownership and control and of varying ages and conditions. Given the number, age and types of dams in San Diego County and the history of past uncontrolled releases of water from dams, the potential exists for future dam issues in the planning area. Though the probability of future occurrence of dam failure at mapped dam locations above is “Likely” to “Unlikely” (Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years), the HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public determined this hazard’s Overall Significance rating is “Medium”, meaning the criteria falls mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.

Climate Change Considerations
The most extreme events are going to become more extreme regarding climate change effects. These events are primarily atmospheric rivers and will become more so in the future based on global climate models (Gershunov et al., 2019). The increase in extreme precipitation will increase the risk of dam failure.

The highest priority mitigation actions to reduce Climate Change impacts on this hazard should include conducting dam safety and emergency spill operations.

5.2.3. DROUGHT
Nature of the Hazard
Drought is a slow-onset hazard that can last for months or years. As a hazard, it has the potential to impact many aspects of life, including drinking water and food. Because of the long duration of droughts, the impacts last for years and can ripple through a community over time. Severe droughts are projected for the coming decades and may increase incidences of other events, like wildfires. Drought will affect the viability of communities and the economy across the nation. 95F95F95F 96 Warming temperatures statewide could result in reduced water supply for the San Diego region. The State Water Project and Colorado River provide 75% to 95% of the water supply for the San Diego region, depending on the year.96F96F96 F
97 Both of these water supplies originate in mountain snowpack. Over the past 50 years across most of the Southwest, there has been less late-winter precipitation falling as snow, earlier

96 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/drought-planning-fact-sheet_10-4-16.pdf 97 Ibid.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-96
snowmelt, and earlier arrival of most of the year’s streamflow.97F97 F97 F 98 Projections of further warming will result in
reduced snowpack, which could translate into reduced water supply for the San Diego region’s cities, agriculture, and ecosystems. 98F98F98 F
99 In fact, studies indicate that San Diego’s sources of water could shrink by 20 percent or more by 2050.99F99F99F
100 An additional threat to water supply is the vulnerability of the levees protecting the California Delta, which feeds the State Water Project. 100F100 F100 F 101 According to the California
Adaptation Planning Guide, jurisdictions in the San Diego region must carefully consider the vulnerability of their water supply.101F1 01F101 F
102
Local water managers also report that higher temperatures could lead to increased demand for water for irrigation. Water shortages could become more frequent and more severe in the future, straining the local economy. The potential for drought in San Diego is highly likely.

Disaster History
The depression era drought of 1929-1934 was the worst drought in California’s history. Its impact was felt statewide. At that time, San Diego was self-sufficient, relying on local water supplies. The region would not begin to import water until 1947.

The drought of 1987-1992 was extremely severe and resulted in the Metropolitan Water District ordered a 50% reduction in water use. The San Diego County Water Authority considered banning outdoor water use.

The rains of “Miracle March” in 1991 replenished rivers, reservoirs, and the Sierra snowpack.

A drought occurred in 2007 and lasted until 2011. Then, another drought began in 2012 just ended in 2017, following a series of winter storms that brought heavy rainfall to the state. The proclamation was extended again on July 8, 2021, amid deepening drought and record-breaking temperatures. The Governor requested Californians to voluntarily reduce water use by 15% to protect water reserves if drought conditions continue.

On April 21, 2021, California Governor Newsom, proclaimed a drought emergency, which enables state response to water supply shortfalls where conditions are extremely dry. This drought emergency proclamation was expanded to include new counties on May 10, 2021. By October 19, 2021, the Governor expanded the drought emergency proclamation to include San Diego County and seven other counties, which were the last of the 58 California counties to be included in the drought emergency proclamation.

On March 28, 2022, the Governor prompted local water suppliers, at the local level, to move to Level 2 of their Water Shortage Contingency Plans, which “requires locally appropriate actions that will conserve water across all sectors, and he directed the State Water Resources Control Board to consider a ban decorative watering at businesses and institutions. 102F102F1 02F
103 Although key improvements have been made since 2016, California is still experiencing drought conditions.

Hazard Impacts
As extreme drought periods become more frequent, the increase in slow, or chronic drought periods can cause long term and indirect health effects on people. Potential health effects include “compromised quantity and quality of drinking water, increased recreational risks, effects on air quality, diminished living conditions related to energy, air quality, and sanitation and hygiene, mental health effects related to economic and job losses, compromised food and nutrition and increased incidence of illness and disease” (Centers for Disease Control, 2022).

98 Garfin, G., G. Franco, H. Blanco, A. Comrie, P. Gonzalez, T. Piechota, R. Smyth, and R. Waskom, 2014: Ch. 20: Southwest. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 462-486. doi:10.7930/J08G8HMN.
99 California Adaptation Planning Guide, Understanding Regional Characteristics (2012) 100 San Diego’s Changing Climate: A Regional Wake-Up Call. A Summary of the Focus 2050 Study Presented by The San Diego Foundation. 101 California Adaptation Planning Guide, Understanding Regional Characteristics (2012) 102 Ibid.
103 https://drought.ca.gov/state-drought-response/

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-97
Severe droughts are projected for the coming decades and may increase incidences of other events like wildfires, which are threats to people, structures, and other community assets.

Areas in unincorporated San Diego County that are dependent on groundwater resources for potable and non-potable water supplies often receive water from small water systems or domestic wells. While these areas are located outside of San Diego County Water Authority’s service area and do not have access to imported water, there is still the potential risk of drought and water shortage resulting in reduced capacity and/or dry wells.

To facilitate drought and water shortage preparedness for state small water systems and domestic wells, County Planning & Development Services in collaboration with County Department of Environmental Health and Quality provides an opportunity for communicating and maintains a list of resources to assist residents and communities facing a risk of water shortage. Drought resources can be found at https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/pds/SGMA.html.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude In an arid region such as San Diego County, the probability of recurring droughts with severity is “Highly Likely”.

Historical drought data for the County Planning Area and San Diego County indicate there have been five significant multi-year droughts over the last 93 years. This equates to a multi-year drought every 18.6 years on average, or a 5.4% chance of a drought in any given year. Based on this data, droughts will likely affect the Planning Area. Given the historical occurrence of severe drought impacts throughout San Diego County and across the State, drought is expected to continue to pose a high degree of risk to the entire Planning Area, potentially impacting crops, livestock, water resources, the natural environment at large, buildings and infrastructure (from cascading or compound hazards), and local economies. 103F103F103 F
104
A U.S. Drought Monitor, using the Palmer Drought Severity Index, can be found below and at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/:

SECTION 98
SECTION 99
Climate Change Considerations
Although there is a lot of variability, projections indicate that there will be longer and more frequent drought that will be punctuated by extreme precipitation. The evaporative demand (atmospheric thirst) is an important component in driving the extent of future droughts (McEvoy et al, 2020).

Drought can increase wildfire risk and lead to fine fuel regrowth after a fire. This type of vegetation is more susceptible to fires, creating a feedback cycle.

Extreme drought has the potential to intensify and change community composition and structure of ecosystems. Drought has severe consequences because it operates at spatial scales larger than other disturbances such as fire (Jennings et al., 2018).

The highest priority mitigation actions to reduce Climate Change impacts on this hazard should include water supply reliability that originates from a diversity of water supplies and conservation planning that addresses the impacts of drought on ecosystems.

5.2.4. EARTHQUAKE
Nature of the Hazard
An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling that is caused by a release of strain accumulated within or along the edge of the Earth's tectonic plates. The effects of an earthquake can be felt far beyond the site of its occurrence. They usually occur without warning and, after just a few seconds, can cause massive damage and extensive casualties. Common effects of earthquakes are ground motion and shaking, surface fault ruptures, and ground failure. Ground motion is the vibration or shaking of the ground during an earthquake.

When a fault ruptures, seismic waves radiate, causing the ground to vibrate. The severity of the vibration increases with the amount of energy released and decreases with distance from the causative fault or epicenter. Soft soils can further amplify ground motions. The severity of these effects is dependent on the amount of energy released from the fault or epicenter. One way to express an earthquake's severity is to compare its acceleration to the normal acceleration due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is often called "g". A 100% g earthquake is very severe.

More damage tends to occur from earthquakes when ground acceleration is rapid. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is a measure of the strength of ground movement. PGA measures the rate in change of motion relative to the established rate of acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec/sec). PGA is used to project the risk of damage from future earthquakes by showing earthquake ground motions that have a specified probability (10%, 5%, or 2%) of being exceeded in 50 years. These ground motion values are used for reference in construction design for earthquake resistance. The ground motion values can also be used to assess relative hazard between sites, when making economic and safety decisions.

Another tool used to describe earthquake intensity is the Richter scale. The Richter scale was devised as a means of rating earthquake strength and is an indirect measure of seismic energy released. The scale is logarithmic with each one-point increase corresponding to a 10-fold increase in the amplitude of the seismic shock waves generated by the earthquake. In terms of actual energy released, however, each one-point increase on the Richter scale corresponds to about a 32-fold increase in energy released. Therefore, a magnitude (M) 7 earthquake is 100 times (10 X 10) more powerful than a M5 earthquake and releases 1,024 times (32 X 32) the energy. An earthquake generates different types of seismic shock waves that travel outward from the focus or point of rupture on a fault. Seismic waves that travel through the earth's crust are called body waves and are divided into primary (P) and secondary (S) waves. Because P waves move faster (1.7 times) than S waves they arrive at the seismograph first. By measuring the time delay between arrival of the P and S waves and knowing the distance to the epicenter, seismologists can compute the Richter scale magnitude for the earthquake.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-100
The Modified Mercalli Scale (MMI) is another means for rating earthquakes, but one that attempts to quantify intensity of ground shaking. Intensity under this scale is a function of distance from the epicenter (the closer to the epicenter the greater the intensity), ground acceleration, duration of ground shaking, and degree of structural damage. This rates the level of severity of an earthquake by the amount of damage and perceived shaking, as displayed in the table below:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-101
TABLE 15: MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE
MMI
Value
Description
of Shaking
Severity
Summary
Damage
Description
Used on 1995
Maps
Full Description
I. Not felt
II. Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or
favorably placed.

III. Felt indoors. Hanging objects swing. Vibration
like passing of light trucks. Duration estimated.

May not be recognized as an earthquake.

IV. Hanging objects swing. Vibration like passing of
heavy trucks; or sensation of a jolt like a heavy
ball striking the walls. Standing motorcars rock.

Windows, dishes, doors rattle. In the upper
range of IV, wooden walls and frame creak.

V. Light Pictures Move Felt outdoors; direction estimated. Sleepers wakened. Liquids disturbed, some spilled. Small
unstable objects displaced or upset. Doors
swing, close, open. Shutters, pictures move.

Pendulum clock stop, start, change rate.

VI. Moderate Objects Fall Felt by all. Many frightened and run outdoors.

Persons walk unsteadily. Windows, dishes,
glassware broken. Knickknacks, books, etc., off
shelves. Pictures off walls. Furniture moved or
overturned. Weak plaster and masonry D
cracked.

VII. Strong Nonstructural
Damage
Difficult to stand. Noticed by drivers of
motorcars. Hanging objects quiver. Furniture
broken. Damage to masonry D, including cracks.

Weak chimneys broken at roofline. Fall of
plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices.

Some cracks in masonry C. Small slides and
caving in along sand or gravel banks. Concrete
irrigation ditches damaged.

VIII. Very Strong Moderate
Damage
Steering of motorcars affected. Damage to
masonry C, partial collapse. Some damage to
masonry B; none to masonry A. Fall of stucco
and some masonry walls. Twisting, fall of
chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers,
and elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on
foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls
thrown out. Cracks in wet ground and on steep
slopes.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-102
IX. Very Violent Extreme
Damage
Most masonry and frame structures destroyed
with their foundations. Some well-built wooden
structures and bridges destroyed. Serious
damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large
landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals,
rivers, lakes, etc. Sand and mud shifted
horizontally on beaches and flat land.

X. Rails bent greatly. Underground pipelines
completely out of services.

XI. Damage nearly total. Large rock masses
displaced. Lines of sight and level distorted.

Objects thrown into air.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-103
Several major active faults exist in San Diego County, including the Rose Canyon, La Nacion, Elsinore, San Jacinto, Coronado Bank and San Clemente Fault Zones. The Rose Canyon Fault Zone is part of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone, which originates to the north in Los Angeles, and the Vallecitos and San Miguel Fault Systems to the south in Baja California.

The Rose Canyon Fault extends inland from La Jolla Cove, south through Rose Canyon, along the east side of Mission Bay, and out into San Diego Bay. The Rose Canyon Fault is considered the greatest potential threat to San Diego as a region, due to its proximity to areas of high population. The La Nacion Fault Zone is located near National City and Chula Vista. The Elsinore Fault Zone is a branch of the San Andreas Fault System. It originates near downtown Los Angeles and enters San Diego County through the communities of Rainbow and Pala; it then travels in a southeasterly direction through Lake Henshaw, Santa Ysabel, Julian; then down into Anza-Borrego Desert State Park at Agua Caliente Springs, ending at Ocotillo, approximately 40 miles east of downtown.

The San Jacinto Fault is also a branch of the San Andreas Fault System. This fault branches off from the major fault as it passes through the San Bernardino Mountains. Traveling southeasterly, the fault passes through Clark Valley, Borrego Springs, Ocotillo Wells, and then east toward El Centro in Imperial County.

This fault is the most active large fault within County of San Diego. The Coronado Bank fault is located about 10 miles offshore. The San Clemente Fault lies about 40 miles off La Jolla and is the largest offshore fault at 110 miles or more in length (Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization Operational Area Emergency Plan, 2014).

Disaster History
Historic documents record a very strong earthquake struck San Diego on May 27, 1862; damaging buildings in Old Town and opening cracks in the earth near the San Diego River mouth. This destructive earthquake was centered on either the Rose Canyon or Coronado Bank faults and descriptions of damage suggest that it had a magnitude of about 6.0 (M6).

The strongest recently recorded earthquake in San Diego County was a M5.3 earthquake that occurred on July 13,1986 on the Coronado Bank Fault, 25 miles west of Solana Beach. In recent years there have been several moderate earthquakes recorded within the Rose Canyon Fault Zone as it passes beneath the City of San Diego. Three temblors shook the city on 17 June 1985 (M3.9, 4.0, 3.9) and a stronger quake occurred on 28 October 1986 (M4.7) (Demere, SDNHM website 2003). The most recent significant earthquake activity occurred on June 15, 2004 with a M5.3 on the San Diego Trough Fault Zone approximately 50 miles SW of San Diego. It was reported as an IV on the MMI (Southern California Seismic Network).

Hazard Impacts
The effects of an earthquake can be felt far beyond the site of its occurrence. They usually occur without warning and, after just a few seconds, can cause massive damage and extensive casualties. After a major seismic event it is possible that San Diego County could experience damage to transportation infrastructure, that would disrupt the flow of goods and services. A majority of the community members within the County are potentially exposed to the direct and indirect impacts of a major earthquake. Indirect impacts can include but are not limited to, business interruptions, road closures, loss of utilities, and transportation disruptions. Direct impacts can include, but are not limited to, minor or major structure damage, downed trees, and injury or loss of life.

Environmental problems can result as a secondary hazard after a major earthquake. Earthquake induced landslides could cause damage to the surrounding habitat, and water quality can be affected if moving earth

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-104
comes in contact with a water source. Facilities holding hazardous materials are of particular concern.

During a major earthquake, structures storing these materials could rupture and leak into the surrounding area or an adjacent waterway, having a disastrous effect on the environment.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude The figures below display the location and extent of the profiled earthquake hazard areas for San Diego County:

SECTION 105
FIGURE 2: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY SAN JACINTO FAULT EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO SECTION 106
FIGURE 3: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY ELSINORE FAULT EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO SECTION 107
Figure 2: Map Of San Diego County Rose Canyon Fault Earthquake Scenario FIGURE 4: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY ROSE CANYON FAULT EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO SECTION 108
This is based on a United States Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake model that shows probabilistic peak ground acceleration for every location in San Diego County. Since 1984, earthquake activity in San Diego County has increased twofold over the preceding 50 years (Demere, SDNHM website 2003). All buildings that have been built in recent decades must adhere to building codes that require them to be able to withstand earthquake magnitudes that create a PGA of 0.4 or greater. Ongoing field and laboratory studies suggest the following maximum likely magnitudes for local faults: San Jacinto (M6.4 to 7.3), Elsinore (M6.5 to 7.3), Rose Canyon (M6.2 to 7.0), La Nacion (M6.2 to 6.6), Coronado Bank (M6.0 to 7.7), and San Clemente (M6.6 to 7.7) (Demere, SDNHM website 2003).

Data used to profile earthquake hazard included probabilistic PGA data from USGS and a Scenario Earthquake Shake map for Rose Canyon from the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN). From these data, the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) determined that risk level for earthquake is determined to be high if an area lies within a 0.3 or greater PGA designation. Earthquakes were modeled using HAZUS-MH, which uses base information to derive probabilistic peak ground accelerations much like the PGA map from USGS that was used for the profiling process.

It is estimated that major earthquakes (ranging from a magnitude of 7 to 7.9) occur in California one out of every 10 years. However, strong earthquakes (from magnitudes 6 to 6.9) strike the State about once every two to three years. A strong earthquake can cause major damage depending on the epicenter’s location with regards to populated areas, and can lead to billions of dollars in disasters, deaths, injuries, and disruptions in services and communities’ way of life. The United States Geological Survey estimates a 75% probability of one or more magnitude 7.0 earthquakes striking Southern California over a 30-year period. The probability of an earthquake in the San Diego region is considered somewhat “Likely”, meaning 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years.

Climate Change Considerations
Not applicable.

5.2.5. EXTREME HEAT
Nature of the Hazard
In most of the United States, including the entire planning area, extreme heat is a long period (2 to 3 days) of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees. 104F104 F104 F 105 Although extreme heat does not cause
structural damage like floods, fires, and earthquakes, heat waves claim many lives due to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. According to a California Energy Commission Study, from 1994 to 2009, heat waves have claimed more lives in California than all declared disaster events combined.105F105 F105 F 106
Despite this history, not a single heat emergency was formally proclaimed at the state level or as a federal disaster between 1960 and 2008. The author of an account of a heat wave which killed 739 people in Chicago in July 1995 suggests that the hidden nature of social vulnerability combined with the inconspicuous nature of heat events (unlike floods, fires, and earthquakes) prevent them from being declared as legitimate disasters. 106F106F1 06F
107 However, the California State Hazard Mitigation Plan considers extreme heat a legitimate disaster type. 107F107 F107 F 108

105 https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Extreme-Heat 106 Messner, Steven, Sandra C. Miranda, Karen Green, Charles Phillips, Joseph Dudley, Dan Cayan, Emily Young. Climate Change Related Impacts in the San Diego Region by 2050. PIER Research Report, CEC‐ 500‐2009‐027‐D, Sacramento, CA: California Energy Commission. 2009. 107 Klinenberg, Eric. Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago, The University of Chicago, 2002 108 Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (2013) California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-109
Disaster History
Following the events of 2006, when there was a prolonged period of extreme heat across the state of California, San Diego County developed an Excessive Heat Preparedness and Response Plan.108F108F1 08F 109
According to Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the United States (SHELDUS) there have been four extreme heat events in San Diego in the past 18 years resulting in four heat related fatalities and 28 heat related injuries.

Hazard Impacts
Extreme heat is exacerbated by the “urban heat island effect”, whereby impervious surfaces, such as concrete and asphalt, absorb heat and result in greater warming in urban areas compared to rural areas.

Urban heat islands exacerbate the public health impacts that heat waves have upon the more vulnerable populations. San Diego County has among the highest percentages of impervious surfaces in the states, increasing the potential impacts of heat islands. In fact, Southern California’s urban centers are warming more rapidly than other parts of the state.

Extreme heat events put vulnerable populations (such as older adults, children, people who are chronically ill, and people who work outside) at risk of heat-related illnesses and even death. Extreme heat events highlight the importance of thoughtful social vulnerability analysis. For example, socially isolated older adults are especially vulnerable. People who live in urban areas with high impervious surface coverage and no access to air conditioning are also especially vulnerable.

Extreme heat also has secondary impacts, such as power outages and poor air quality. Heat events, and the increased use of air conditioning, can lead to power outages, which makes the events even more dangerous. Hotter temperatures may also lead to poorer air quality because ozone formation, a component of smog, increases with higher temperatures.

The National Weather Service uses the heat index to illustrate what temperature feels like to the human body when relative humidity is combined with the air temperature, which is important for the human body’s comfort level:

109 Messner, Steven, Sandra C. Miranda, Karen Green, Charles Phillips, Joseph Dudley, Dan Cayan, Emily Young. Climate Change Related Impacts in the San Diego Region by 2050. PIER Research Report, CEC‐500‐2009‐027‐D, Sacramento, CA: California Energy Commission. 2009.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-110
There is direct relationship between the air temperature and relative humidity and the heat index, meaning as the air temperature and relative humidity increase (decrease), the heat index increases (decreases). to determine the heat index using the chart above, you need to know the air temperature and the relative humidity. For example, if the air temperature is 100°F and the relative humidity is 55%, the heat index will be 124°F. When the relative humidity is low, the apparent temperature can actually be lower than the air temperature. It is important to note the heat index values in the chart above are for shady locations. If a person is exposed to direct sunlight, the heat index value can be increased by up to 15°F. As shown in the table below, heat indices meeting or exceeding 103°F can lead to dangerous heat disorders with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity in the heat:
110
Classification Heat Index Effect on the body
Caution 80°F - 90°F Fatigue possible with
prolonged exposure and/or
physical activity
Extreme Caution 90°F - 103°F Heat stroke, heat cramps, or heat exhaustion possible
with prolonged exposure
and/or physical activity
Danger 103°F - 124°F Heat cramps or heat
exhaustion likely, and heat
stroke possible with
prolonged exposure and/or
physical activity
Extreme Danger 125°F or higher Heat stroke highly likely

110 https://www.weather.gov/ama/heatindex

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-111
Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude The entire planning area is facing an increase in the frequency, duration, and strength of heat waves in the coming decades. While greater warming is expected in inland areas, community members of coastal areas are vulnerable when the temperature spikes, because they are less accustomed to the heat, and they are less likely to have air conditioning.

Research also indicates that heat waves are likely to become more humid in the future and with nighttime temperatures staying high, further stressing public health. 109F109F109 F 111 Extreme warm temperatures in the San Diego
region mostly occur in July and August, but as climate warming takes hold, the occurrences of these events will likely begin in June and could continue to take place into September. 110F110F110 F 112
Over the past 15 years, the region has seen increasing temperatures, evidenced by an increased number of excessive Heat Alerts, which are initiated based on heat advisory and excessive heat warnings. Heat Alerts generally occur from May to September. From 2013 to 2021, 98 Heat Alerts were issued in the County of San Diego. This means that there is a 3% chance on any given day of an excessive Heat Alert occurring over the course of a year, which ranks future event of this hazard as “Highly Likely” to occur. The highest numbers of Heat Alerts were issued in 2020 (20) and 2021 (16). In 2021, the County of San Diego had 8 heat events, ranging from 2 to 8 days long, lasting a total of 36 days.

National data on extreme heat can be found through Climate Data Online (CDO) at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/cdo-web/.

Climate Change Considerations
An increase in the intensity, frequency and duration of extreme heat events is expected in the context of climate change. Furthermore, observations have shown, and projections indicate, that the flavor of extreme heat events have and will continue to change with more and more humid heat events (that drive nighttime heat events) (Gershunov et al., 2009, Gershunov et al., 2012).

The highest priority mitigation actions to reduce Climate Change impacts on this hazard should include preparation, with strong attention to weather forecasts and ready social services, infrastructure (e.g. Cooling Centers), and programs to support installation of air conditioning units in communities lacking access.

5.2.6. FLOOD
Nature of the Hazard
A flood occurs when excess water from snowmelt, rainfall, or storm surge accumulates and overflows onto a river’s bank or to adjacent floodplains. Floodplains are lowlands adjacent to rivers, lakes, and oceans that are subject to recurring floods. Most injuries and deaths from flood occur when people are swept away by flood currents, and property damage typically occurs as a result of inundation by sediment-filled water.

Several factors determine the severity of floods, including rainfall intensity and duration. A large amount of rainfall over a short time span can result in flash flood conditions. A sudden thunderstorm or heavy rain, dam failure, or sudden spills can cause flash flooding. The National Weather Service’s definition of a flash flood

111 Gershunov, A., and K. Guirguis (2012), California heat waves in the present and future, Geophysical Research Letters., 39, L18710 112 Messner, Steven, Sandra C. Miranda, Karen Green, Charles Phillips, Joseph Dudley, Dan Cayan, Emily Young. Climate Change Related Impacts in the San Diego Region by 2050. PIER Research Report, CEC‐500‐2009‐027‐D, Sacramento, CA: California Energy Commission. 2009.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-112
is a flood occurring in a watershed where the time of travel of the peak of flow from one end of the watershed to the other is less than six hours.

There are no watersheds in San Diego County that have a longer response time than six hours. In this county, flash floods range from the stereotypical wall of water to a gradually rising stream. The central and eastern portions of San Diego County are most susceptible to flash floods where mountain canyons, dry creek beds, and high deserts are the prevailing terrain.

Disaster History
From 1770 until 1952, 29 floods were recorded in San Diego County. Between 1950 and 1997, flooding prompted 10 Proclaimed States of Emergency in the County of San Diego. Several very large floods have caused significant damage in the County of San Diego in the past. The Hatfield Flood of 1916 destroyed the Sweetwater and Lower Otay Dams and caused 22 deaths and $4.5 million in damages.

The flood of 1927 caused $117,000 in damages and washed out the Old Town railroad bridge (Bainbridge, 1997). The floods of 1937 and 1938 caused approximately $600,000 in damages. (County of San Diego Sanitation and Flood Control, 1996). In the 1980 floods, the San Diego River at Mission Valley peaked at 27,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) and caused $120 million in damage (Bainbridge, 1997).

The table below displays a history of flooding in San Diego County, as well as loss associated with each flood event:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-113
TABLE 16: HISTORY RECORDS OF LARGE FLOODS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY Date Loss Estimation Source of Estimate Comments
1862 Not available County of San Diego
Sanitation and Flood Control 6 weeks of rain
1891 Not available County of San Diego
Sanitation and Flood Control 33 inches in 60 hours
1916 $4.5 million County of San Diego
Sanitation and Flood Control
Destroyed
2 dams, 22 deaths
1927 $117,000 County of San Diego
Sanitation and Flood Control
Washed out railroad
bridge Old Town
1937 &
1938 $600,000 County of San Diego Sanitation and Flood Control N/A 1965 Not available San Diego Union 6 killed
1969 Not available San Diego Union All of State declared disaster area
1979 $2,766,268 County OES
Cities of La Mesa,
Lemon Grove,
National City, San
Marcos, San Diego
and unincorporated
areas
1980 $120 million
County of San Diego
Sanitation
and Flood Control; Earth
Times
San Diego river
topped out in Mission
Valley
1987 $640,500 State OES N/A
1995 $Tens of Millions County OES
San Diego County
Declared Disaster
Area
2003 Not Available County OES
Storm floods areas
impacted by the 2003
firestorm.

Sept 2004 Not Available San Diego Union-Tribune
Series of storms
caused localized
flooding
Oct 2004 Not Available San Diego Union-Tribune Flash-flood in Borrego Springs
Jan-Mar
2005 Not Available Cal EMA (formerly State OES)
San Diego County
Declared Disaster
Area
Jan 2017 $14.5 million
(estimated) County OES
San Diego County
Declared Disaster
Area

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-114
Hazard Impacts
The principal factors affecting flood damage are flood depth and velocity. The deeper and faster flood flows become, the more damage they can cause. Shallow flooding with high velocities can cause as much damage as deep flooding with slow velocity. This is especially true when a channel migrates over a broad floodplain, redirecting high velocity flows and transporting debris and sediment.

Although jurisdictions can implement mitigation and take preventative actions to significantly reduce the severity and threat of flood events, some type of risk will always exist (i.e., risk of a hazard event occurring despite mitigation measures applied to reduce/prevent it). Threats associated with flood risk include failure of a reservoir, a dam breach, or other infrastructure failure, or a severe flood event that exceeds flood design standards or drainage capacity.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude In regions, such as San Diego, without extended periods of below-freezing temperatures, floods usually occur during the season of highest precipitations or during heavy rainfalls after long dry spells. The areas surrounding the river valleys in all of San Diego County are susceptible to flooding because of the wide, flat floodplains surrounding the riverbeds, and the numerous structures that are built in the floodplains.

One unusual characteristic of San Diego’s hydrology is that it has a high level of variability in its runoff. The western watershed of the County of San Diego extends about 80 miles north from the Mexican border and approximately 45 miles east of the Pacific Ocean. From west to east, there are about 10 miles of rolling, broken coastal plain, 10 to 15 miles of foothill ranges with elevations of 600 to 1,700 feet; and approximately 20 miles of mountain country where elevations range from 3,000 to 6,000 feet. This western watershed constitutes about 75% of the County, with the remaining 25% mainly desert country.

There are over 3,600 miles of rivers and streams which threaten community members and over 200,000 acres of flood-prone property. Seven principal streams originate or traverse through the unincorporated area. From north to south, they are the Santa Margarita, San Luis Rey, San Dieguito, San Diego, Sweetwater, Otay, and Tijuana Rivers (Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization Operational Area Emergency Plan, 2006).

FEMA FIRM data was used to determine hazard risk for floods in the County of San Diego. FEMA defines flood risk primarily by a 100-year flood zone, which is applied to those areas with a 1% chance, on average, of flooding in any given year. Any area that lies within the FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain is designated as high risk. Any area found in the 500-year floodplain is designated at low risk. Base flood elevations (BFE) were also used in the HAZUS-MH modeling process. A BFE is the elevation of the water surface resulting from a flood that has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year (i.e. the height of the base flood).

The figure below displays the location and extent of flood hazard areas for the County of San Diego:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-115
SECTION 116
Figure 5: Map Of San Diego County 100-Year And 500-Year Floodplains SECTION 117
As shown, high hazard (100-year floodway) zones in San Diego County are generally concentrated within the coastal areas, including bays, coastal inlets, and estuaries. Major watershed areas connecting the local mountain range to the coastal region, where flash floods are more common, show several 100-year flood hazard areas.

A repetitive loss property is defined by FEMA as an NFIP-insured property that has experienced any of the following since 1978, regardless of any changes in ownership:
 Four or more paid losses more than $1,000
 Two paid losses more than $1,000 within any rolling 10-year period  Three or more paid losses that equal or exceed the current value of the insured property.

The government has instituted programs encouraging communities to identify and mitigate the causes of repetitive losses. Studies have found that many of these properties are outside any mapped 1 percent annual chance floodplain. The key identifiers for repetitive loss properties are the existence of NFIP insurance policies and claims paid by the policies.

FEMA further designates as severe repetitive loss any NFIP-insured single-family or multi-family residential building for which either of the following is true:
 The building has incurred flood-related damage for which four or more separate claims payments have been made, with the amount of each claim (including building and contents payments) exceeding $5,000, and with the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeding $20,000  At least two separate claims payments (building payments only) have been made under NFIP coverage, with the cumulative amount of claims exceeding the market value of the building.

To quality as a severe repetitive loss property, at least two of the claims must be within 10 years of each other, and claims made within 10 days of each other are counted as one claim. In determining SRL status, FEMA considers the loss history since 1978, or from the building’s construction if it was built after 1978, regardless of any changes in the ownership of the building.

FEMA-sponsored programs, such as the Community Rating System (CRS), require participating communities to identify repetitive loss areas. A repetitive loss area is the portion of a floodplain holding structures that FEMA has identified as meeting the definition of repetitive loss. Identifying repetitive loss areas helps to identify structures that area at risk but are not on FEMA’s list of repetitive loss structures because no flood insurance policy was in force at the time of loss.

Based on the 2022 FEMA Repetitive Loss Summary Report, there have been numerous repetitive and severe repetitive losses in San Diego County. These losses are provided in the table below:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-118
TABLE 17: REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES DUE TO FLOODS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY Jurisdiction
Repetitive
Loss
Properties
Structure
Type
Severe
Repetitive
Loss
Properties
Structure
Type
Total
Number
Mitigated
Carlsbad 1 Nonresidential 0 --- 0
Del Mar 15 Residential 0 --- 0
Escondido 4 Residential 1 Residential 0
Lemon Grove 0 --- 0 --- 0
Poway 9 Residential 2 Residential 1
Santee 1 Nonresidential 0 --- 0
County of San
Diego 20
Nonresidential
(4)
3 Residential (2)
Residential 7
(15) Commercial
(1)
Commercial (1)
Chula Vista 1 Residential 0 --- 0
El Cajon 4 Residential 1 Residential 0
Imperial Beach 4 Residential 0 --- 0
National City 3
Nonresidential
(2) 0 --- 0
Commercial (1)
San Diego 47
Nonresidential
(11)
4 Nonresidential
(1)
Residential (27) Residential (1) 0
Commercial (9) Commercial
(2)
Solana Beach 7 Residential 3 Residential 0
Coronado 1 Residential 0 --- 0
Encinitas 2 Residential 0 --- 0
La Mesa 2 Residential 0 --- 0
Oceanside 13
Nonresidential
(5)
0 --- 6
Residential (6)
Commercial (2)
San Marcos 1 Residential 0 --- 0
Vista 3
Nonresidential
(1)
1 Residential 0
Residential
(2)
Total 138 --- 15 --- 14

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-119
Due to the history of past flooding events and the natural drainage pattern of the Planning Area, flooding in the County of San Diego is “Highly Likely” to continue to occur. According to the NCEI Storm Events Database, there have been 144 flood events recorded for the County of San Diego between 1997 and 2021. This means there is a 2% chance on any given day of a flood event occurring over the course of a year. The County of San Diego has experienced at least one flooding event every year since 2010. Over the past decade, major floods have occurred in Mission Valley, El Cajon, Ramona, and Borrego Springs. In addition to these major flood events, flooding has been known to occur in localized areas of the County during average seasonal rainstorms.

Climate Change Considerations
The most extreme events are going to become more extreme regarding climate change effects. These events are primarily atmospheric rivers and will become more so in the future based on global climate models (Gershunov et al., 2019). In addition, the increase in sea level increases the potential for severe flooding caused by the occurrence of coastal and inland flooding. Coastal flooding can cause pollution of coastal waters (Aguilera et al., 2019).

The highest priority mitigation actions to reduce Climate Change impacts on this hazard should include preparation, with strong attention to weather forecasts, assessing infrastructure flooding vulnerability, and developing plans to mitigate flood severity and frequency.

5.2.7. HUMAN-CAUSED HAZARDS (TERRORISM & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS (CBRNE THREATS))
Nature of the Hazard
Human-caused hazards are distinct from natural hazards because they result directly from the actions of people. Two types of human-caused hazards can be identified as technological hazards and terrorism.

Technological hazards refer to incidents that can arise from human activities such as the manufacture, storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials, which include toxic chemicals, radioactive materials, and infectious substances. Technological hazards are assumed to be accidental and their consequences unintended.

Terrorism, on the other hand, encompasses intentional, criminal, and malicious acts involving weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) or conventional weapons. WMDs can involve the deployment of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) weapons. Conventional weapons and techniques include the use of arson, incendiary explosives, armed attacks, intentional hazardous materials release, and cyber-terrorism (attack via computer).

Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE Threats)
Technological hazards involving hazardous material releases can occur at facilities (fixed site) or along transportation routes (off-site). They can occur because of human carelessness, technological failure, intentional acts, and natural hazards. When caused by natural hazards, these incidents are known as secondary hazards, whereas intentional acts are terrorism. Hazardous materials releases, depending on the substance involved and type of release, can directly cause injuries and death and contaminate air, water, and soils. While the probability of a major release at any facility or at any point along a known transportation corridor is relatively low, the consequences of releases of these materials can be very serious.

Some hazardous materials present a radiation risk. Radiation is any form of energy propagated as rays, waves or energetic particles that travel through the air or a material medium. Radioactive materials are

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-120
composed of atoms that are unstable. An unstable atom gives off its excess energy until it becomes stable.

The energy emitted is radiation. The process by which an atom changes from an unstable state to a more stable state by emitting radiation is called radioactive decay or radioactivity.

Radiological materials have many uses in San Diego County including:
 by doctors to detect and treat serious diseases,
 by educational institutions and companies for research,  by the military to power large ships and submarines.

With the decommissioning of San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS), radiological materials are no longer used to generate commercial electric power within San Diego County. However, the stored spent fuel that remains on site does pose a hazard.

Radioactive materials, if handled improperly, or radiation accidentally released into the environment, can be dangerous because of the harmful effects of certain types of radiation on the body. The longer a person is exposed to radiation and the closer the person is to the radiation, the greater the risk. Although radiation cannot be detected by the senses (sight, smell, etc.), it is easily detected by scientists with sophisticated instruments that can detect even the smallest levels of radiation. Under extreme circumstances an accident or intentional explosion involving radiological materials can cause very serious problems. Consequences may include death, severe health risks to the public, damage to the environment, and extraordinary loss of, or damage to, property.

Terrorism
Following serious international and domestic terrorist incidents during the 1990’s and early 2000’s, people across the United States have paid increased attention to the potential for deliberate, harmful terrorist actions by individuals or groups with political, social, cultural, and religious motives. There is no single, universally accepted definition of terrorism, and it can be interpreted in a variety of ways. However, terrorism is defined in the Code of Federal Regulations as “…the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives” (28 CFR, Section 0.85). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) further characterizes terrorism as either domestic or international, depending on the origin, base, and objectives of the terrorist organization. However, the origin of the terrorist or person causing the hazard is far less relevant to mitigation planning than the hazard itself and its consequences. Terrorists utilize a wide variety of agents and delivery systems.

Disaster History
Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE Threats)
Hazardous materials can include toxic chemicals, radioactive materials, infectious substances, and hazardous wastes. The State of California defines a hazardous material as a substance that is toxic, ignitable, or flammable, or reactive and/or corrosive. An extremely hazardous material is defined as a substance that shows high acute or chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, bio-accumulative properties, persistence in the environment, or is water reactive (California Code of Regulations, Title 22). “Hazardous waste,” a subset of hazardous materials, is material that is to be abandoned, discarded, or recycled, and includes chemical, radioactive, and biohazardous waste (including medical waste). An accidental hazardous material release can occur wherever hazardous materials are manufactured, stored, transported, or used.

Such releases can affect nearby populations and contaminate critical or sensitive environmental areas.

Numerous facilities in San Diego County generate hazardous wastes, in addition to storing and using large numbers of hazardous materials. There are thousands of sites with permits to store and maintain chemical, biological and radiological agents, and explosives in the County. Although the scale is usually small,

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-121
emergencies involving the release of these substances can occur daily at both these fixed sites and on the County’s streets and roadways.

Facilities that use, manufacture, or store hazardous materials in California must comply with several state and federal regulations. The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA Title III), which was enacted in 1986 as a legislative response to airborne releases of methylisocyanate at Union Carbide plants in Bhopal, India and in Institute, West Virginia. SARA Title III, also known as the Emergency Planning and Community-Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA), directs businesses that handle, store, or manufacture hazardous materials in specified amounts to develop emergency response plans and report releases of toxic chemicals. Additionally, Section 312 of Title III requires businesses to submit an annual inventory report of hazardous materials to a state-administering agency.

The California legislature passed Assembly Bill 2185 in 1987, incorporating the provisions of SARA Title III into a state program. The community right-to-know requirements keep communities abreast of the presence and release of hazardous wastes at individual facilities.

A table within Attachment A shows a breakdown by jurisdiction of facilities in the County with permits to store and maintain chemical, biological and radiological agents, and explosives. Facilities with EPA ID Numbers are facilities that generate hazardous waste.

Hazardous materials spills and releases in San Diego County have occurred as a result of clandestine drug manufacturing; spills from commercial, military and recreational vessels on the region’s waterways; traffic accidents; sewer breaks and overflows; and various accidents/incidents related to the manufacture, use, and storage of hazardous materials by County industrial, commercial and government facilities. Although the emergency response history for San Diego County detailed in Attachment A chronicles various hazardous materials releases, the incidents do not necessarily indicate the degree of exposure to the public.

There has not been significant exposure to the San Diego County public due to human-caused releases of chemical or biological agents, although there have been several smaller-scale incidents. Chemical spills and releases from transportation and industrial accidents have resulted in short-term chemical exposure to individuals in the vicinity of the release. San Diego beaches are routinely closed because of sewage spills and storm run-off. Bacterial levels can increase significantly in ocean and bay waters, especially near storm drain, river, and lagoon outlets, during and after rainstorms. Elevated bacterial levels may continue for a period of up to 3 days depending upon the intensity of rainfall and volume of runoff. Waters contaminated by urban runoff may contain human pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or protozoa) that can cause illnesses.

San Diego experienced its first significant E. coli bacteria outbreak in 10 years after patrons ate tainted food at local area restaurants in 2003. In 1992 and 1993 a similar outbreak occurred in San Diego County, which resulted in the death of a child after he ate tainted food from a Carlsbad fast-food restaurant. Additionally, in the early 1980s a hepatitis outbreak associated with poor food handling techniques resulting in the closure of a major restaurant in Mission Valley and the implementation of a food-handler certification program by the San Diego County Health Department.

The only known release of radiological agents in the County was the result of an accident at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS). In 1981, an accidental "ignition" of hydrogen gases in a holding tank of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) caused an explosion - which bent the bolts of an inspection hatch on the tank, allowing radioactive gases in the tank to escape into a radioactive waste room.

From there, the radioactive material was released into the atmosphere. The plant was shut down for several weeks following the event (W.I.S.E. Vol.3 No.4 p.18). This incident occurred during the plant’s operation of its Unit 1 generator, which has since been decommissioned. No serious injuries occurred.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-122
On February 3, 2001, another accident occurred at SONGS when a circuit breaker fault caused a fire that resulted in a loss of offsite power. Published reports suggest that rolling blackouts during the same week in California were partially due to the shutdown of the SONGS reactors in response to the 3-hour fire. Although no radiation was released and no nuclear safety issues were involved, the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission sent a Special Inspection Team to the plant site to investigate the accident.

Terrorism
While San Diego County has not experienced any high-profile attacks by groups or individuals associated with international terrorist organizations, the region has been the site of several incidents with domestic origins. Most notable is the August 1, 2003 arson attack on a mixed-use housing and office development under construction in the University City neighborhood. The blaze, which officials estimate caused around $50 million in damage, was allegedly set by the Earth Liberation Front, a radical environmentalist group.

San Diego has been linked to the 9/11 attacks in New York City and on the Pentagon; two of the confirmed hijackers of the commercial aircraft used in the attacks took flight school lessons while living in San Diego.

San Diego County has received numerous bomb threats to schools, government buildings, religious sites, and commercial facilities over the years. While most bomb threats are hoaxes, authorities have been required to mobilize resources and activate emergency procedures on a regular basis in response.

Other Human-Caused Disasters
On September 25th, 1978, San Diego was the scene of one of the worst air disasters in the United States. A mid-air collision between a Cessna 172 and a Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Boeing 727 caused both planes to crash into the North Park neighborhood below. A total of 144 lives were lost including 7 people on the ground. More than 20 residences were damaged or destroyed.

In 1984, a shooter opened fire in a San Ysidro McDonald’s restaurant, killing 21 people. This event was not considered an act of terrorism as no political or social objectives were associated with this event.

In 2019, a shooter opened fire at the Chabad of Poway Synagogue, which killed one person and injured three other people. The same shooter was also linked to a 2019 fire set to the Dar-ul-Arqam Mosque (also known as the Islamic Center of Escondido) in Escondido. 111F111 F11 1F 113 The shooter pleaded guilty on July 20, 2021,
to murder and multiple charges of attempted murder, with added hate crime classifications in connection with the Chabad of Poway Synagogue shooting and pleaded guilty to a charge of arson in connection with Dar-ul-Arqam Mosque in Escondido. 112F112F112 F
114
Hazard Impacts
This hazard’s impacts vary according to type, magnitude, location, availability of resources and many other factors that are situationally dependent. Overall, hazard impacts may include, but are not limited to injury, death, environmental/resource impacts, and structure/asset losses.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude Information related to the probability and magnitude of human-caused hazards is considered sensitive homeland security related information. As a result, this information is provided in a separate confidential document (Planning Partners, see Attachment A).

113 https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/crime/accused-chabad-of-poway-synagogue-shooter-pleads-guilty/509-4c8b3421-71e5-45e4-b1da-eac4dfe24f55. 114 https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/poway-synagogue-shooter-to-be-sentenced-in-state-court/2731560/.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-123
The probability of occurrence for an active threat can be difficult to quantify, largely due to different definitions of what constitutes an active threat. However, the fact that the planning area has experienced such incidents suggests the effective probability of any human-caused hazard is “Likely”, meaning 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years.

Climate Change Considerations
Not applicable.

5.2.8. LIQUEFACTION
Nature of the Hazard
This hazard is profiled independently in this section but is otherwise grouped with “Earthquake” hazard throughout this plan, particularly the prioritized hazard list and the Vulnerability Assessment sections of this plan. Therefore, there is no Hazard Assessment ranking for this hazard in Section

5.1’s table.

Liquefaction is the phenomenon that occurs when ground shaking causes loose soils to lose strength and act like viscous fluid. Liquefaction causes two types of ground failure: lateral spread and loss of bearing strength. Lateral spreads develop on gentle slopes and entails the sidelong movement of large masses of soil as an underlying layer liquefies. Loss of bearing strength results when the soil supporting structures liquefies and causes structures to collapse.

Disaster History
Liquefaction is not known to have occurred historically in San Diego County, although liquefaction has occurred in the Imperial Valley in response to large earthquakes (Magnitude 6 or greater) originating in that area. Although San Diego is one of several major California cities in seismically active regions, ground failures or damage to structures have not occurred because of liquefaction.

Historically, seismic shaking levels have not been sufficient to trigger liquefaction. Paleoseismic indicators of liquefaction have been recognized locally, and several pre-instrumental (prior to common use of seismographs) earthquakes could have been severe enough to cause at least some liquefaction.

Hazard Impacts
A study published in the Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Limitations of Surface Liquefaction Manifestation Severity Index Models Used in Conjunction with Simplified Stress-Based Triggering Models, March 2022, Upadhyaya et al. outlines the factors that are used to determine liquefaction impact severity. Based on the model data the severity of surface manifestation of liquefaction is commonly used to represent liquefaction damage potential and the inclusion of an improved manifestation severity index (MSI) can better account for surficial liquefaction damage potential. This severity index assigns liquefaction zones a Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN) which is determined by various soil depths, the number of soil layers and their consistency, and surface weight contributions. San Diego County has not experienced liquefaction in the past. Given the location of the Rose Canyon and Elsinore zoned earthquake faults in the San Diego County with potential magnitudes of up to 6.9 and the various liquefaction zones outlined in Figure 6, there is the potential for extensive impacts. These impacts include building and road foundations that may sink into what was previously solid ground. Additionally, there is a threat to life and property, including buildings, their contents, electric generating facilities and transmission lines that could also be damaged and affect life support systems in communities outside the immediate hazard area.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-124
Recognizing active faults in the region, and the presence of geologically young, unconsolidated sediments and hydraulic fills, the potential for liquefaction to occur has been long recognized in the San Diego area.

The regions of San Diego Bay and vicinity are thought to be especially vulnerable. The potential exists in areas of loose soils and/or shallow groundwater in earthquake fault zones throughout the County. The figure below displays the locations and extent of areas with a risk of liquefaction:

SECTION 125
FIGURE 6: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY LIQUEFACTION RISK AREAS SECTION 126
Data used to profile liquefaction hazard included probabilistic PGA data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and a Scenario Earthquake Shake map for Rose Canyon from the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN), along with existing liquefaction hazard areas from local maps.

Liquefaction hazards were modeled as collateral damages of earthquakes using HAZUS-MH, which uses base information and NEHRP soils data to derive probabilistic peak ground accelerations much like the PGA map from USGS. Soils were considered because liquefaction risk may be amplified depending on the type of soil found in a given area. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) rates soils from hard to soft, and give the soils ratings from Type A through Type E, with the hardest soils being Type A, and the softest soils rated at Type E.

Liquefaction risk was considered high if there were soft soils (Types D or E) present within an active fault zone. Liquefaction risk was considered low if the PGA risk value was less than 0.3, and hard soils were present (Types A-C). For example, an area may lie in a PGA zone of 0.2, which would be a low liquefaction risk in hard soils identified by the NEHRP. However, if that same PGA value is found within a soft soil such as Type D or E, a PGA of 0.2, when multiplied by 1.4 or 1.7 (amplification values for type D and E soil, shown below), would become a PGA value of at least 0.28 to 0.3. This would increase the liquefaction risk to high.

TABLE 18: PGA LIQUIFACTION RISK
PGA Soil Type

A B C D E

0.1 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.60 2.50

0.2 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.70

0.3 0.80 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.20

0.4 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.10 0.90

0.5 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80
Areas where soil types D or E are located are illustrated in the figure below.

This hazard is profiled independently in this section but is otherwise grouped with “Earthquake” hazard throughout this plan, particularly the prioritized hazard list and the Vulnerability Assessment sections of this plan. Therefore, there is no Hazard Assessment ranking for this hazard in Section

5.1’s table. However, using the same scientific scale as the other hazards, probability of liquefaction in San Diego County is considered somewhat “Likely”, meaning 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years.

Climate Change Considerations
Not applicable.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-127

5.2.9. RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
Nature of the Hazard
Landslides occur when masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope, including rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Landslides are influenced by human activity (mining and construction of buildings, railroads, and highways) and natural factors (geology, precipitation, and topography). Frequently they accompany other natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. Although landslides sometimes occur during earthquake activity, earthquakes are rarely their primary cause.

The most common cause of a landslide is an increase in the down slope gravitational stress applied to slope materials (oversteepening). This may be produced either by natural processes or by man’s activities.

Undercutting of a valley wall by stream erosion or of a sea cliff by wave erosion are ways in which slopes may be naturally oversteeped.

Other ways include excessive rainfall or irrigation on a cliff or slope. Another type of soil failure is slope wash, the erosion of slopes by surface-water runoff. The intensity of slope wash is dependent on the discharge and velocity of surface runoff and on the resistance of surface materials to erosion. Surface runoff and velocity is greatly increased in urban and suburban areas due to the presence of roads, parking lots, and buildings, which have zero filtration capacities and provide generally smooth surfaces that do not slow down runoff.

Mudflows are another type of soil failure and are defined as flows or rivers of liquid mud down a hillside.

They occur when water accumulates under the ground, usually following long and heavy rainfalls. If there is no brush, tree, or ground cover to hold the soil, mud will form and flow down-slope.

Disaster History
Landslides and landslide-prone sedimentary formations are present throughout the coastal plain of western San Diego County. Landslides also occur in the granitic mountains of East San Diego County, although they are less prevalent. Ancient landslides are those with subdued topographic expressions that suggest movements at least several hundred and possibly several thousands of years before present. Many of these landslides are thought to have occurred under much wetter climatic conditions than at present. Recent landslides are those with fresh or sharp geomorphic expressions suggestive of active (ongoing) movement or movement within the past several decades. Reactivations of existing landslides can be triggered by disturbances such as heavy rainfall, seismic shaking and/or grading. Many recent landslides are thought to be reactivations of ancient landslides.

Past Significant Landslide Occurrences:
 Mt. Soledad in La Jolla (12/15/1961) 113F113F11 3F
115
 Oceanside (1/19/2005)114F114F114 F
116
 east side of Point Loma (4/15/2009) 115F115 F115 F
117
 western Camp Pendleton (2/28/2017).116F116F11 6F
118
Some of the most recent, significant coastal bluff landslides have occurred:
 in Torrey Pines (8/31/2019)
 in Del Mar (11/19/2019)

115 https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/150-years/sd-me-150-years-december-15-htmlstory.html 116 https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-landslide-undercuts-eight-homes-in-oceanside-2005jan19-story.html 117 https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-bn15slide13057-2009apr15-story.html 118 https://patch.com/california/oceanside-camppendleton/road-closed-due-landslide-camp-pendleton

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-128
 along north La Jolla, Black’s Beach (5/2/2020)
 in Encinitas (8/2/2019, 4/10/2020).117F117 F117 F
119
Landslides tend to be more widespread in these areas where the underlying sedimentary formations contain weak claystone beds that are more susceptible to sliding.

Remedial grading and other mitigation measures have stabilized many but not all landslides in urban areas and other developments within San Diego County. Published geologic maps and other sources of information pertaining to landslide occurrence may not differentiate between known or suspected landslides.

Moreover, published landslide maps (such as those used to compile the landslide areas for this effort) are not always updated or revised to reflect landslides that have been stabilized, or in some cases completely removed.

The landslide maps for this study have been compiled for planning and emergency responses preparedness, and the compilation sources may not reflect current or existing conditions.

Hazard Impacts
Impacts from landslides in the San Diego County can vary greatly. In unpopulated areas, landslides have little effect except to the extent they fill in waterways and create flooding issues, water conveyance, and introduce contaminants. However, if landslides occur in populated areas, damages can be sustained to buildings, critical facilities, infrastructure, and injuries, and in extreme cases deaths, can occur. Landslides can affect ingress and egress routes. Many locations in the County have limited ingress and egress routes.

Cutting off one of these routes can cause multiple issues such as limiting emergency response to hazards.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude Data used to determine landslide risk were steep slope (greater than 25%), soil series data (SANDAG, based on USGS 1970s series), and soil-slip susceptibility from USGS. Because landslide data in GIS format was not available for the entire county, a model was run using USGS soils and steep slope data to determine landslide risk areas for the entire County. Tan Landslide Susceptibility Maps that depict steep slope areas, landslide formations, and landslide susceptible areas based on a combination of slope, soils and geologic instability were also used in the analysis.

As shown in the figure below, the location and extent of landslide hazard areas are generally concentrated along canyons near the coastal areas with steep slopes:

119 https://cadoc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=bc48ad40e3504134a1fc8f3909659041

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-129
SECTION 130
FIGURE 7: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITIES SECTION 131
The western portion of the county shows the soil-slip susceptibility data, while the eastern portion of the county shows the results of the model used to determine landslide risk for areas that were not included in the soil-slip susceptibility model. Housing development on marginal lands and in unstable but highly desirable coastal areas has increased the threat from landslides throughout San Diego County.

Based on historical occurrences, the probability of a rain-induced landslide is considered “Unlikely”. However, HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public determined the Overall Significance rating of this hazard to be “Medium”, meaning the criteria falls mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.

In San Diego County, rain-induced landslides typically occur during and after severe storms, so the potential for landslides largely coincides with the potential for sequential severe storms that saturate steep, vulnerable soils. The FEMA National Risk Index estimates that the annualized frequency of landslide events in San Diego County is 0.1 distinct events per year. In general San Diego County can expect to experience significant rain-induced landslide events during strong El Niño years or large atmospheric rivers. In areas recently burned by wildfires, landslides may occur more frequently and are possible during annual rain events.

Climate Change Considerations
Post-fire debris flows require high intensity precipitation. Global Climate models do not project hourly rates of precipitation. One study that dynamically downscaled climate projection suggested that hourly precipitation rates in the mountainous area increased in Central and Northern California (Huang et al, 2020), but it did show results over San Diego.

The highest priority mitigation actions to reduce Climate Change impacts on this hazard should include evaluation of vulnerable landscapes, monitoring and educating partners and the public, paying attention to weather forecasts of heavy and prolonged rainfall, especially in conditions when landscape is already soaked, consulting with experts in landslides/debris flows.

5.2.10. SEA LEVEL RISE/COASTAL STORMS/EROSION
Nature of the Hazard
These three hazards were mapped and profiled as a group because many of the factors and risks involved are similar and limited to the coastal areas.

Rising and falling water levels, breaking waves, and shifting sands are common to life along the coast.

These normal coastal features become hazardous when they strengthen in intensity — usually during a storm event — and pose an immediate threat to the lives and livelihoods of coastal populations. 118F118 F118 F 120 These
coastal storms can cause increases in tidal elevations (called storm surge), wind speed, and erosion.

The most dangerous and damaging feature of a coastal storm is storm surge. Storm surges are large waves of ocean water that sweep across coastlines where a storm makes landfall. Storm surges can inundate coastal areas, wash out dunes, and cause backwater flooding. If a storm surge occurs at the same time as high tide, the water height will be even greater.

120 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_coastal-glossary.pdf

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-132
Sea Level Rise is an increase in sea level caused by a change in the volume of the world’s oceans and changes in local ground elevations. Sea level rise leads to increased frequency and depth of flooding in coastal areas.119F119F119 F
121
With up to two feet of sea level rise projected by 2050, low-lying areas could become inundated more frequently and with increasingly higher water levels. In addition, storm related flooding may reach further inland and occur more often120F120 F120 F
122. Beaches and cliffs could also see increased erosion as they are exposed to more hours of high sea levels and wave action. 121F121 F121 F 123 The NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer allows for planers
to predict the impact of sea level rise over the next several decades. It can be found at https://coast.noaa.gov/slr/.

According to the Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy for the San Diego Bay, the sectors that are most vulnerable to sea level rise are storm water, wastewater, shoreline parks, transportation facilities, commercial buildings, and ecosystems. Low-lying communities, such as Imperial Beach, Coronado, Mission Beach, and parts of La Jolla Shores, Del Mar, and Oceanside may be particularly vulnerable to sea level rise.122F122F122 F
124 In addition, some of San Diego’s military installations and the region controlled by the Port of San Diego may also be affected. 123F123 F123 F
125
However, sea level rise is considered (on a scale of low, medium, high, very high) a low hazard for the region.

Coastal erosion is the wearing of coastal land. It is commonly used to describe the horizontal retreat of the shoreline along the ocean and is considered a function of larger processes of shoreline change, which include erosion and accretion. Erosion results when more sediment is lost along a particular shoreline than is deposited by the water body and is measured as a rate with respect to either a linear retreat or volumetric loss. Erosion rates are not uniform and vary over time at any single location. Various locations along the Coast of San Diego County are highly susceptible to erosion. Erosion prevention and repair measures such as installation of seawalls and reinforcement of cliffs have been required in different locations along the San Diego coast in the past. The risk/probability of coastal erosion in San Diego County is considered “Likely”.

Disaster History
Since 2000, sea level has been increasing as the wind systems relaxed once again (Bromirski et al., 2011, 2012; Hamlington et al., 2016). For the San Diego region, sea-level rise models project similar ranges in elevated sea-levels until 2050 (approximately 0.6 to 1.3 feet). In the second half of the century, sea-level rise is expected to accelerate significantly, but there is greater uncertainty as to how extreme this rise will be at the end of the century (0.9 to 4 feet) with the possibility that it is much higher (Griggs et al., 2017). This is related to unknown global greenhouse gas emission reductions and uncertainties about how rapid ocean warming will impact ice sheet melting (Griggs et al., 2017; Kalansky et al., 2018).

In January and February 1983, the strongest-ever El Nino-driven coastal storms caused over 116 million dollars in beach and coastal damage. Thirty-three homes were destroyed, and 3,900 homes and businesses were damaged. Other coastal storms that caused notable damage were during the El Nino winters of 1977- 1978 and 1997-1998 and 2003-2004. Other Proclamations occurred in December 2010. July 2015, and February 2017. The City of San Diego proclaimed for winter storms in 2013.

Coastal erosion is an ongoing process that is difficult to measure but can be seen currently in various areas along the coastline of San Diego County. Unstable cliffs at Beacon’s Beach in Encinitas caused a landslide that killed a woman sitting on the beach in January 2000. In 1942, the Self-Realization Fellowship building fell into the ocean because of erosion and slope failure caused by groundwater oversaturated the cliffs it was built on.

121 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_coastal-glossary.pdf 122 San Diego’s Changing Climate: A Regional Wake-Up Call. A Summary of the Focus 2050 Study Presented by The San Diego Foundation 123 Ibid.
124 Ibid.
125 Ibid.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-133
Hazard Impacts
Tens of millions of people in the U.S. and hundreds of millions globally live in areas that are at risk of coastal flooding. Sea level rise does not act alone — rising sea levels, along with sinking lands, will combine with other coastal flood factors like storm surge, wave effects, river flows, and heavy rains to significantly increase the exposure to coastal communities, ecosystems, and economies. Sea level rise potentially threatens infrastructure necessary for local jobs, regional industries, and public safety, such as roads, subways, drinking water supplies, power plants, oil and gas wells, and sewage treatment systems.

Long-term sea level rise will affect the extent, frequency, and duration of coastal flooding events. High-tide flooding events that occur only a few times a year now may occur once a month, or once a week in the coming decades. These same water level changes may also increase coastal erosion and groundwater levels. Elevated groundwater levels can lead to increased rainfall runoff and compromised underground infrastructure, such as public utilities, septic systems, and structural foundations. Higher water levels also mean deadly and destructive storm surges, wave impacts, and rainwater are unable to drain away from homes and businesses.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude The figures in the next, “Tsunami” section display the locations and extent of tsunami, coastal storm, erosion, and sea level rise hazard areas for the County of San Diego. These hazards were mapped together due to Vulnerability Assessment results and subject matter expert feedback. As shown in those figures, the highest risk zones in San Diego County are located within the coastal zone of San Diego County. Coastal storm hazards are most likely during El Nino events.

Maximum wind speeds along the coast are not expected to exceed 60 miles per hour, resulting in only minor wind-speed related damage. Coastal erosion risk is highest where geologically unstable cliffs become oversaturated by irrigation or rainwater. The greatest type of tsunami risk is material damage to small watercraft, harbors, and some waterfront structures (Joy 1968), with flooding along the coast, as shown in the run-up projections on the figure below.

The risk of damage from sea level rise is considered somewhat “Likely” with the risk of damage from coastal erosion considered to be “Likely” and tsunami “Highly Likely”.

Data used to profile this group of hazards included the digitized flood zones from the FEMA FIRM Flood maps, NOAA historical shoreline data, and Caltrans’ coastal zone boundary for the coastal storm/erosion hazard. Maximum tsunami run up projections modeled by the University of Southern California and distributed by the California Office of Emergency Services were used for identifying tsunami hazard. The tsunami model was the result of a combination of inundation modeling and onsite surveys and shows maximum projected inundation levels from tsunamis along the entire coast of San Diego County.

NOAA historical tsunami effects data were also used, which showed locations where tsunami effects have been felt, and when available, details describing size and location of earthquakes that caused the tsunamis.

The Shoreline Erosion Assessment and Atlas of the San Diego Region Volumes I and II (SANDAG, 1992) were reviewed for the shoreline erosion category. This publication shows erosion risk levels of high, moderate, and low for the entire coastline of San Diego County.

For modeling purposes, the VE Zone of the FEMA FIRM map series was used as the high hazard value for coastal storms and coastal erosion. The VE Zone is defined by FEMA as the coastal area subject to a velocity hazard (wave action). Coastal storm and erosion risk were determined to be high if areas were found within the VE zone of the FEMA FIRM maps. Tsunami hazard risk levels were determined to be high if an area was within the maximum projected tsunami run-up and inundation area.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-134
According to NOAA’s 2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report, sea-level is predicted to rise 4-8 inches by 2030 on the West coast, which includes the San Diego County. While sea-level rise has a high certainty rating and is already occurring, its onset is not expected to occur until closer to the end of the century in terms of changes in areas already vulnerable to flooding or causing permanent inundation in tidally influenced areas of San Diego County. The probability of these hazards occurring is “Likely”, meaning 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years.

Climate Change Considerations
The coast is an important part of San Diego’s landscape, culture, and economy. It is also one of the more vulnerable landscapes in San Diego as many of its beaches, cliffs, and estuaries are already experiencing erosion and flooding, and these hazards are expected to accelerate in frequency and intensity with climate change.

Over the last century sea level has risen about 0.6 ft over much of the Central and Southern California coast. Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but regional sealevel rise varies across coastal communities because processes that cause sea-level rise interact differently and vary across coastal regions (Hamlington et al., 2020). Between 1980 and 2000, sea level along San Diego was relatively stable, even decreasing slightly as stronger wind stress gradients over the eastern Pacific suppressed the global rise along North America.

Since 2000, sea level has been increasing as the wind systems relaxed once again (Bromirski et al., 2011, 2012; Hamlington et al., 2016). For the San Diego region, sea-level rise models project similar ranges in elevated sea-levels until 2050 (approximately 0.6 to 1.3 feet). In the second half of the century, sea-level rise is expected to accelerate significantly, but there is greater uncertainty as to how extreme this rise will be at the end of the century (0.9 to 4 feet) with the possibility that it is much higher (Griggs et al., 2017). This is related to unknown global greenhouse gas emission reductions and uncertainties about how rapid ocean warming will impact ice sheet melting (Griggs et al., 2017; Kalansky et al., 2018).

Given the increased rate of sea level rise, in the near term the greatest impacts from sea level rise are mostly likely to occur during events that combine high tides, El Nino and both locally and distantly generated wind-driven waves. For example, the generally elevated sea levels along the California coast during the super El Nino of 1982-83 were heightened by large winter storms and high waves during high tide periods, causing enormous coastal damage along the San Diego County shoreline (Flick, 1998).

Cliff erosion is a natural coastal process for much of northern San Diego County. In San Diego, between 1998 and 2009 the mean cliff top retreat was 0.46 ft/yr (Young, 2018). San Onofre State Beach is a cliff erosion hot spot in San Diego County due to extensive deep-seated landslide (Adam P Young, 2015). Other areas in north San Diego County, such as Encinitas and Del Mar, have also experienced a number of significant cliff failures in recent years. Researchers are advancing understanding of how wave-cliff impacts and rainfall contribute to both upper and lower coastal cliff erosion providing insight into how increasing sea levels, and storm driven waves and rainfall may further accelerate this erosion (Young et al., 2021)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-135

5.2.11. TSUNAMI
Nature of the Hazard
A tsunami is a series of long waves generated in the ocean by a sudden displacement of a large volume of water. Underwater earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, meteoric impacts, or onshore slope failures can cause this displacement. Tsunami waves can travel at speeds averaging 450 to 600 miles per hour. As a tsunami nears the coastline, its speed diminishes, its wavelength decreases, and its height increases greatly. After a major earthquake or other tsunami-inducing activity occurs, a tsunami could reach the shore within a few minutes. One coastal community may experience no damaging waves while another may experience very destructive waves. Some low-lying areas could experience severe inland inundation of water and deposition of debris more than 3,000 feet inland. Historically the impact of Tsunamis on the San Diego coastline has been low, but inundation maps developed by the California Office of Emergency Services and the California Geologic Survey show the potential for moderate damage along low-lying areas.

The California Geologic Survey has developed Tsunami Inundation maps that can be found at:
http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps.

Disaster History
Wave heights and run-up elevations from tsunami along the San Diego Coast have historically fallen within the normal range of the tides (Joy 1968). The largest tsunami effect recorded in San Diego since 1950 was May 22, 1960, which had a maximum wave height 2.1 feet (NOAA, 1993). In this event, 80 meters of dock were destroyed, and a barge sunk in Quivera Basin.

Other tsunamis felt in San Diego County occurred on November 5, 1952, with a wave height of 2.3 feet and caused by an earthquake in Kamchatka; March 9, 1957, with a wave height of 1.5 feet; May 22, 1960, at 2.1 feet; March 27, 1964 with a wave height of 3.7 feet, February 2010 with a wave height of 0.6 meters; June, 2011 with wave height of 2 feet; and January 15, 2022 with a wave height of 1-3 feet.125F125 F125 F 126
It should be noted that damage does not necessarily occur in direct relationship to wave height, illustrated by the fact that the damages caused by the 2.1-foot wave height in 1960 were worse than damages caused by several other tsunamis with higher wave heights.

The California Tsunami Program, led by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) and the California Geological Survey (CGS), is responsible for updating the State’s Tsunami Hazard Area Maps for emergency response planning and public safety. Communities use the State tsunami maps to develop and update their evacuation maps and plans. The State is constantly evaluating tsunami events, sources, and analysis techniques to ensure that coastal communities are safe from tsunami hazards.

The State has updated previous 2009 Tsunami Inundation Maps by working with local emergency management officials and Cal OES. Each County provides important considerations to CGS’ decision on the inland boundaries of the Tsunami Hazard Area.

The State tsunami website (www.tsunami.ca.gov), includes new Tsunami Hazard Area maps/data available to view and download using easy-to-use, interactive web applications. Find a location by typing in an address or use a current location to pinpoint the location on the Tsunami Hazard Map. This is useful to find out if you are in a Tsunami Hazard Area wherever you live, work, or visit. As local tsunami evacuation brochures are developed, they will also be added to the online map interface.126F126 F126 F 127
Hazard Impacts

126 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/runup-more-info/36305. 127 California Tsunami Program, “Tsunami Hazard Area Maps Talking Points.” 2022.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-136
Tsunamis are a threat to life and property along the coast. From 1950 to 2007, 478 tsunamis were recorded globally. Fifty-one of these events caused fatalities, to a total of over 308,000 coastal residents. The overwhelming majority of these events occurred in the Pacific basin. Recent tsunamis have struck Nicaragua, Indonesia, and Japan, killing several thousand people. Property damage due to these waves was nearly $1 billion. Historically, tsunamis originating in the northern Pacific and along the west coast of South America have caused more damage on the west coast of the United States than tsunamis originating in Japan and the Southwest Pacific.

It is consensus that San Diego County could see moderate impacts from a tsunami originating in the Pacific Ocean, specifically a far source originating in the Aleutian Islands. However, a near source tsunami event originating from an offshore displacement of geological material, earthquake or underwater landslide can occur any time. The resulting floodwater waves can carry damaging debris and inundate homes, businesses, and government buildings in the coastal cities such as the cities of San Diego, National City, Carlsbad, and the various beach communities.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude The figures below display the locations and extent of tsunami, coastal storm, erosion and sea level rise hazard areas for the County of San Diego. As shown in these figures, the highest risk zones in San Diego County are located within the coastal zone of San Diego County. Coastal storm hazards are most likely during El Nino events:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-137
FIGURE 8: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY COASTAL STORM/EROSION/TSUNAMI HAZARD AREAS (1 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-138
Figure 9: Map of San Diego County Sea Level Rise Hazard Areas (1 Of 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-139

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-140
FIGURE 10: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY COASTAL STORM/EROSION/TSUNAMI HAZARD AREAS (2 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-141
Figure 11: Map of San Diego County Sea Level Rise Hazard Areas (2 of 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-142

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-143
FIGURE 12: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY COASTAL STORM/EROSION/TSUNAMI HAZARD AREAS (3 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-144
Figure 13: Map of San Diego County Sea Level Rise Hazard Areas (3 of 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-145

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-146
FIGURE 14: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY COASTAL STORM/EROSION/TSUNAMI HAZARD AREAS (4 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-147
FIGURE 15: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY SEA LEVEL RISE HAZARD AREAS (4 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-148

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-149
FIGURE 3: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY COASTAL STORM/EROSION/TSUNAMI HAZARD AREAS (5 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-150
FIGURE 17: MAP OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY SEA LEVEL RISE HAZARD AREAS (5 OF 5)

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-151
Data used to profile this group of hazards included the digitized flood zones from the FEMA FIRM Flood maps, NOAA historical shoreline data, and Caltrans’ coastal zone boundary for the coastal storm/erosion hazard. Maximum tsunami run up projections modeled by the University of Southern California and distributed by the California Office of Emergency Services were used for identifying tsunami hazard. The tsunami model was the result of a combination of inundation modeling and onsite surveys and shows maximum projected inundation levels from tsunamis along the entire coast of San Diego County.

NOAA historical tsunami effects data were also used, which showed locations where tsunami effects have been felt, and when available, details describing size and location of earthquakes that caused the tsunamis.

The Shoreline Erosion Assessment and Atlas of the San Diego Region Volumes I and II (SANDAG, 1992) were reviewed for the shoreline erosion category. This publication shows erosion risk levels of high, moderate, and low for the entire coastline of San Diego County.

For modeling purposes, the VE Zone of the FEMA FIRM map series was used as the high hazard value for coastal storms and coastal erosion. The VE Zone is defined by FEMA as the coastal area subject to a velocity hazard (wave action). Coastal storm and erosion risk were determined to be high if areas were found within the VE zone of the FEMA FIRM maps. Tsunami hazard risk levels were determined to be high if an area was within the maximum projected tsunami run-up and inundation area.

According to University of Southern California engineers, the “likelihood of a large tsunami to strike California would be hard to predict… small tsunamis will swell into California [which includes San Diego County] every few years.”127F127F127 F
128
128F1 28F
129 In addition, Cal OES and CGS are preparing a new type of tsunami hazard map, the probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis map, which will show potential tsunami events that have a 1000-year average return occurrence. The probability of this hazard occurrence is “Unlikely”, meaning less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years. However, HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public determined this hazard’s Overall Significance rating is “Medium”, meaning the criteria falls mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating.

5.2.12. WILDFIRE/STRUCTURE FIRE
Nature of Hazard
A structure fire hazard is one where there is a risk of a fire starting in an urban setting and spreading uncontrollably from one building to another across several city blocks, or within high-rise buildings.

A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels and exposing or possibly consuming structures. They often begin unnoticed and spread quickly. Naturally occurring and non-native species of grasses, brush, and trees fuel wildfires.

A wildfire is in a wildland area in which development is essentially nonexistent—except for roads, railroads, power lines and similar facilities. An Urban-Wildland/Urban Interface fire is a wildfire in a geographical area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels.

Significant development in San Diego County is located along canyon ridges at the wildland/urban interface.

Areas that have experienced prolonged droughts or are excessively dry are at risk of wildfires.

People start more than 80 percent of wildfires, usually as debris burns, arson, or carelessness. Lightning strikes are the next leading cause of wildfires. Wildfire behavior is based on three primary factors: fuel,

128 https://news.usc.edu/6031/A-Tsunami-50-Feet-High-Could-Hit-Southern-California/ 129 https://news.usc.edu/6031/A-Tsunami-50-Feet-High-Could-Hit-Southern-California/

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-152
topography, and weather. The type, and amount of fuel, as well as its burning qualities and level of moisture affect wildfire potential and behavior.

The continuity of fuels, expressed in both horizontal and vertical components is also a determinant of wildfire potential and behavior. Topography is important because it affects the movement of air (and thus the fire) over the ground surface. The slope and shape of terrain can change the speed at which the fire travels, and the ability of firefighters to reach and extinguish the fire. Weather affects the probability of wildfire and has a significant effect on its behavior. Temperature, humidity, and wind (both short and long term) affect the severity and duration of wildfires.

San Diego County’s topography consists of a semi-arid coastal plain and rolling highlands which, when fueled by shrub overgrowth, occasional Santa Ana winds and high temperatures, creates an ever-present threat of wildland fire. Extreme weather conditions such as high temperature, low humidity, and/or winds of extraordinary force may cause an ordinary fire to expand into one of massive proportions.

Large fires would have several indirect effects beyond those that a smaller, more localized fire would create.

These may include air quality and health issues, road closures, business closures, and others that increase the potential losses that can occur from this hazard. Modeling for a larger type of fire would be difficult, but the consequences of the three largest San Diego fires this century (October, 2003, October 2007 and May 2014) should be used as a guide for fire planning and mitigation.

Disaster History
San Diego County’s third worst wildfire in history, known as the Laguna Fire, destroyed thousands of acres in the backcountry in September of 1970. The fire resulted in the loss or destruction of 383 homes and 1,200 other structures.

In October 2003, the second-worse wild-land fire in the history of San Diego County destroyed 332,766 acres of land, 3,239 structures and 17 deaths at a cost of approximately $450M.

San Diego County’s worst wildfire occurred in October 2007. At the height of the firestorm there were seven fires burning within the County. The fires destroyed 369,000 acres (13% of the County), 2,670 structures, 239 vehicles, and two commercial properties. There were 10 civilian deaths, 23 civilian injuries and 10 firefighter injuries. The cost of fire exceeded $1.5 billion.

Wildland fires prompted seven (7) Proclaimed States of Emergency, and Urban/Intermix Fires prompted four (4) Proclaimed States of Emergency in the County of San Diego between 1950-2020. The table below lists the most recent major wildfires in San Diego County.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-153
TABLE 19: MAJOR WILDFIRES IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY LARGER THAN 5,000 ACRES Fire Date Acres
Burned
Structures
Destroyed
Structures
Damaged Deaths
Conejos Fire July 1950 62,000 Not
Available
Not
Available
0 Laguna Fire October 1970 190,000 382 Not
Available
5 Harmony Fire
(Carlsbad, Elfin Forest,
San Marcos)
October 1996 8,600 122 142 1
Viejas Fire January 2001 10,353 23 6 0
Gavilan Fire (Fallbrook) February
2002
6,000 43 13 0
Pines Fire (Julian,
Ranchita)
July 2002 61,690 45 121 0
Cedar Fire October 2003 280,278 5,171 63 14
Paradise Fire October 2003 57,000 415 15 2
Otay Fire October 2003 46,291 6 0 0
Roblar (Pendleton) October 2003 8,592 0 0 0
Mataguay Fire* July 2004 8,867 2 0 0
Horse Fire* July 2006 16,681 Not
Available
Not
Available
0 Witch Creek Fire* October 2007 197,990 1,125 77 2
Harris Fire* October 2007 90,440 255 12 5
Poomacha Fire* October 2007 49,410 139 Not
Available
0 Ammo Fire* October 2007 21,004 Not
Available
Not
Available
0 Rice Fire* October 2007 9,472 208 Not
Available
0 May 2014 San Diego
County Wildfires
May 2014 26,000 65 19 0
Border Fire June 2016 7,609 18 4 2
Valley Fire September
2020
16,390 66 Not
Available
0 * Information gathered from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection website

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-154
Hazard Impacts
Hazard impacts can include but are not limited to increased flooding risk over burn scar areas, environmental impacts/damage, air quality impacts, loss of resources such as utilities, asset/structure damage and/or total loss, injury, and death.

Location & Extent/Probability of Occurrence & Magnitude The wildfire maps use the CAL Fire Resource Assessment Program data for Fire Hazard Severity Zones.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-155
SECTION 156
FIGURE 18: CAL FIRE FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES (HIGH AND VERY HIGH) SECTION 157
Under current climate conditions, the wildfire threat to property, lives, and ecosystems in the San Diego region is very high. With hotter temperatures and possibly fewer rainy days in the coming decades, vegetation could become drier. As a result, it is likely that San Diego region will see an increase in the frequency and intensity of fires, making the region more vulnerable to devastating fires like the ones seen in 2003 and 2007.128F129 F129 F
130 The fire season could also become longer and less predictable, making firefighting efforts more costly. 129F13 0F13 0F
131
Building density is also a factor in potential building loss during a wildfire. A recent study in the Ecological Society of America’s publication Ecological Applications130F131 F131 F 132 indicates that the area of the building clusters,
the number of buildings in the cluster and building dispersion all contribute to the potential for building loss.

While all three factors had a positive influence on the number of structures lost, larger building structures were most strongly associated with building loss. The most likely reason being that more buildings are exposed. Two other top factors were the number of buildings in the cluster and the distance to the nearest building. In the Mediterranean California model the closer the buildings were to each other the less likely they were to be affected.

An increase in wildfire also impacts public health. Fire-related injuries and death are likely to increase as wildfires occur more frequently. 131F132 F132 F
133 Wildfires can also be a significant contributor to air pollution. Wildfire smoke contains numerous toxic and hazardous pollutants that are dangerous to breath and can worsen lung disease and other respiratory conditions.132F133 F133 F 134
From May to October of each year, San Diego County faces a severe wildfire threat. Fires will continue to occur on an almost annual basis in the San Diego County Area. The threat of wildfire and potential losses consistently increase as human development and population increase in the wildland urban interface area in the County. According to the Cal Fire Redbook, there have been 1,113 wildfires recorded for San Diego County between 2015 and 2021. Based on climate and weather in San Diego County and the fuels, topography, past fire history, and the Cal Fire Redbook which indicates an average of 159 wildfires per year, the probability of future wildfire events are considered “Highly Likely”.

5.2.12. ALL-HAZARD EVACUATIONS
Evacuation is a process by which people must move from a place where there is immediate or anticipated danger, to a place of safety, and offered appropriate and accessible temporary shelter facilities. A decision to evacuate areas will be made through Unified Command. Law enforcement agencies are the primary lead for evacuation activities, with other agencies playing supporting roles. The overarching goal of evacuation planning in San Diego County is to maximize the preservation of life while reducing the number of people that must evacuate and the distance they must travel to seek refuge.

The County of San Diego Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan’s (OA EOP’s) Annex Q (Evacuation Annex) is written in coordination with this plan, and describes how emergency personnel will cooperate, decide, and implement responses to a disaster that requires an evacuation of people and their pets. The OA EOP Evacuation Annex aims to lessen the impact a large-scale evacuation can have on the host communities by providing estimates for the number of people who may require sheltering or transportation assistance and the estimated number of pets that may need to be evacuated. 133F134 F134 F 135

130 San Diego’s Changing Climate: A Regional Wake-Up Call. A Summary of the Focus 2050 Study Presented by The San Diego Foundation. 131 Ibid.
132 Alexander, Patricia M., et. al. (2016). Factors related to Building Loss Due to Wildfires in the Conterminous United States. Ecological Applications, 0(0), 1-16.
133 Ibid.
134 Ibid.
135 San Diego County Emergency Operations Plan

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-158
Legal Considerations
It is important to note evacuation strategies, routes, and locations may vary due to the type, severity, movement, and other unique features of a hazard. For example, the maps below can be used to evacuate during a Tsunami hazard:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-159
FIGURE 19: COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAP 1

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-160
FIGURE 20: COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAP 2

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-161
The EOP Evacuation Annex provides hazard specific considerations, general evacuation transportation routes and capacities, evacuation resources available locally and through mutual aid, and disability and access and functional needs considerations. 134F135F135 F 136
Evacuation orders should be issued when there is a clear and immediate threat to the health and safety of the population, and it is determined that evacuation is the best option for protection. The State of California, San Diego County, and the jurisdictions within, through the Unified Disaster Council, have agreed to use the language below, as described in FireScope, to communicate evacuations:

Evacuation Warning: The alerting of people in an affected area(s) of potential threat to life and property. An Evacuation Warning considers the probability that an area will be affected within a given time frame and prepares people for a potential evacuation order. Evacuation Warnings are particularly necessary when dealing with a variety of issues such as special needs populations and large animals.

Evacuation Order: Requires the immediate movement of people out of an affected area due to an imminent threat to life.

Shelter-In-Place: Advises people to stay secure at their current location. This tactic shall only be used if an evacuation will cause a higher potential for loss of life. Consideration should be given to assigning incident personnel to monitor the safety of those remaining in place. The concept of shelter-in-place is an available option in those instances where physical evacuation is impractical. This procedure may be effective for residential dwellings in the immediately impacted areas, or for large facilities that house a high percentage of non-ambulatory persons (e.g., hospitals and convalescent homes). Sheltering-in-place attempts to provide a safe haven within the impacted area.

In 2005, the Chief Legal Counsel for the San Diego Sheriff’s Department maintained an opinion based on case law that Penal Code Section 409.5 does not authorize forcible or mandatory evacuations. The Chief Legal Counsel stated, “without a specific legislative amendment to Penal Code Section 409.5, it would be improper to infer statutory authority to forcibly evacuate people who do not wish to be evacuated, unless their presence in the closed area, resulted from an entry made after the area was closed pursuant to 409.5(a) or 409.5(b).” See Attachment 4 for Penal Code 409.5.

Emergency responders shall make every effort to inform people that failure to evacuate may result in serious physical injury or death and that future opportunities to evacuate may not exist. Law enforcement will document the location of individuals that refuse to evacuate. Once, Unified Command orders an evacuation, it is critical that public information dissemination, sheltering resources, and security and protection of private property are provided to a level where the public feels evacuation is more desirable than staying behind.

This plan specifically provides a condensed version of potential evacuation routes and temporary evacuation locations to be used under a range of emergency scenarios. However, during a true hazard, please be advised Unified Command and law enforcement instructions are subject to change depending on hazard types and conditions.

136 San Diego County Emergency Operations Plan

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-162
Evacuation Routes:

Evacuations that must be conducted during the standard working commuting hours will severely impact evacuation routes. If possible, alternate routes should be used or contraflow methods should be explored.

The following maps show the major highways within the San Diego OA and the most congested segments of those highways during the morning and evening commutes.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-163
FIGURE 21: SAN DIEGO COUNTY 2021 TOP 10 MORNING CONGESTED SEGMENTS

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-164
FIGURE 22: SAN DIEGO COUNTY 2021 TOP 10 AFTERNOON CONGESTED SEGMENTS

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-165
Temporary Evacuation Points & Sheltering
When law enforcement implements an evacuation order, they will coordinate with the Unified Command to decide on a location to use as a Temporary Evacuation Point (TEP). A TEP is a site with limited resources and staffing, as its primary purpose is to provide evacuees with a safe and protected place to congregate temporarily until people can return home or relocate to another facility. TEP location choices are situationally dependent, but can be places like a school, community center, or church.

The Operational Area Emergency Operations Center (OA EOC), along with the OA EOC Care & Shelter Branch, will coordinate the locations to be used as emergency shelters if necessary. The OA EOC staff may assist, as requested, in the coordination of an evacuation in an incorporated city. The San Diego Sheriff’s Department Dispatch Center, in conjunction with the OA EOC and Joint Information Center (JIC), will utilize the AlertSanDiego system, social media, radio, television, IPAWS, etc. to direct evacuees to the established TEP or shelter. Local jurisdictions all have access to the same alert and warning tools as the OA and should follow their internal protocols for sharing information with the public.

TEPs will serve as temporary safe zones for evacuees, but they generally do not provide any services, such as food, water, restrooms, etc. Emergency shelters are opened when at least one overnight stay is necessary. Basic services are provided at emergency shelters, which includes meals, accessible shower facilities, dormitory management, health, and behavioral health services. Some temporary evacuation points may be suitable to be converted into an emergency shelter location, if necessary and available.

When overnight sheltering is required, Annex G: Care and Shelter Operations of the County of San Diego Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP) will be activated. 135F136 F136 F 137

5.3. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Vulnerability describes how exposed or susceptible to damage an asset is, and depends on an asset’s construction, contents, and the economic value of its functions. This vulnerability analysis predicts the extent of injury and damage that may result from a hazard event of a given intensity in each area on the existing and future built environment. Like indirect damages, the vulnerability of one element of the community is often related to the vulnerability of another. Indirect effects can be much more widespread and damaging than direct effects. For example, damage to a major utility line could result in significant inconveniences and business disruption that would far exceed the cost of repairing the utility line.

The vulnerability assessment for this plan was conducted by the County of San Diego Land Use and Environment Group’s Geographic Information Systems staff (listed in Section 2).

All planning participants were requested by County OES to provide feedback on assessment data and attest to respective jurisdictional accuracy on November 10, 2021 via electronic communication.

5.3.1. ASSET INVENTORY
Hazards that occur in San Diego County can impact critical facilities located in the County. A critical facility is defined as a facility in either the public or private sector that provides essential products and services to the public, is otherwise necessary to preserve the welfare and quality of life in the County, or fulfills important public safety, emergency response, and/or disaster recovery functions.

137 Ibid

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-166
The figure in the next subsection shows the critical facilities identified for the County. The critical facilities identified in San Diego County include:
 hospitals and other health care facilities
 emergency operations facilities
 fire stations
 police stations
 schools
 hazardous material sites
 transportation systems that include airport facilities, bridges, bus and rail facilities  marinas and port facilities
 highways
 utility systems that include electric power facilities, natural gas facilities, crude and refined oil facilities, potable and wastewater facilities, and communications facilities and utilities  dams
 government office/civic centers, jails, prisons, military facilities, religious facilities, and post offices.

GIS, HAZUS-MH, and other modeling tools were used to map the critical facilities in the county and to determine which would most likely be affected by each of the profiled hazards. San Diego County covers 4,261 square miles with several different climate patterns and types of terrain, which allows for several hazards to affect several different parts of the county and several jurisdictions at once or separately. 136F137 F137 F 138 The
hazards addressed are described in the previous section.

5.3.2. ESTIMATING POTENTIAL EXPOSURE & LOSSES AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
GIS modeling was used to estimate exposure to population, critical facilities, infrastructure, and residential/commercial properties, from:
 Coastal storms/erosion
 Tsunami
 Wildfire/Structure fire
 Dam failure
 Landslide
 Human-caused hazards
The specific methods and results of all analyses are presented below. The results are shown as potential exposure in thousands of dollars, and as the worst-case scenario.

For infrastructure, which has been identified as highways, railways and energy pipelines, the length of exposure/impact is given in kilometers. Exposure characterizes the value of structures within the hazard zone, and is shown as estimated exposure based on the overlay of the hazard on the critical facilities, infrastructure, and other structures, which are given an assumed cost of replacement for each type of structure exposed.

These replacement costs are estimated using a building square footage inventory purchased from Dun and Bradstreet. The square footage information was classified based on Standard Industrial Code (SIC) and provided at a 2002 census-tract resolution.

138 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/auditor/pdf/adoptedplan_21-23.pdf

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-167
The loss or exposure value is then determined with the assumption that the given structure is totally destroyed (worst case scenario), which is not always the case in hazard events. This assumption was valuable in the planning process, so that the total potential damage value was identified when determining capabilities and mitigation measures for each jurisdiction.

The table below provides abbreviations and average replacement costs used for critical facilities and infrastructure listed in all subsequent exposure/loss tables. The table provides the total inventory and exposure estimates for the critical facilities and infrastructure by jurisdiction and shows the estimated exposure inventory for infrastructure by jurisdiction. The table also provides an inventory of the maximum population and building exposure by jurisdiction.

Loss was also estimated for earthquake and flood hazards in the County, in addition to exposure. Loss is that portion of the exposure that is expected to be lost to a hazard and is estimated by referencing frequency and severity of previous hazards. Hazard risk assessment methodologies embedded in HAZUS, FEMA’s loss estimation software, were applied to earthquake and flood hazards in San Diego County.

HAZUS (a loss estimation software) integrates with GIS to provide estimates for the potential impact of earthquake and flood hazards by using a common, systematic framework for evaluation.

This software contains economic and structural data on infrastructure and critical facilities, including replacement value costs with square footage and valuation parameters to use in loss estimation assumptions. This approach provides estimates for the potential impact by using a common, systematic framework for evaluation. The HAZUS risk assessment methodology is parametric, in that distinct hazard and inventory parameters (e.g. ground shaking and building types) were modeled to determine the impact (damages and losses) on the built environment. The HAZUS-MH models were used to estimate losses from earthquake and flood hazards to critical facilities, infrastructure, and residential/commercial properties, as well as economic losses on several return period events and annualized levels. Loss estimates used available data, and the methodologies applied resulted in an approximation of risk.

The economic loss results are presented as the Annualized Loss (AL) for the earthquake hazard. AL addresses the two key components of risk: the probability of the hazard occurring in the study area and the consequences of the hazard, largely a function of building construction type and quality, and of the intensity of the hazard event. By annualizing estimated exposure values, the AL takes into account historic patterns of frequent smaller events with infrequent but larger events to provide a balanced presentation of the risk.

These estimates should be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. Uncertainties are inherent in any loss estimation methodology, arising in part from incomplete scientific knowledge concerning natural hazards and their effects on the built environment. Uncertainties also result from approximations and simplifications that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis (such as incomplete inventories, demographics, or economic parameters).

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-168
TABLE 20: ABBREVIATIONS AND COSTS USED FOR CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Abr. Name
Building Type
(where
applicable)
Average
Replacement
Cost
AIR Airport facilities - large s1l $14,416,100
BRDG Highway Bridges n/a $6,670,000
BUS Bus facilities c1l $1,830,000
COM Communication facilities c1l $4,000,000
ELEC Electric Power facility c1l $875,000,000
EMER Emergency Centers, Fire Stations and
Police Stations c1l $3,048,000
GOVT Government Office/Civic Center c1l $3,048,000
HOSP Medical Care facilities s1m $16,629,250
INFR Kilometers of Infrastructure. Includes:

Oil/Gas Pipelines (OG) n/a $683,000
Railroad Tracks (RR) n/a $1,500,000
Highway (HWY) n/a $6,668,000
PORT Port facilities c1l 20,000,000
POT Potable and Wastewater facilities c1l $193,611,700
RAIL Rail facilities c1l $3,000,000
SCH Schools rm1l $74,400 /
Student

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-169
SECTION 170
Jurisdiction Data (x1000) AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine FPD
Number 0 37 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 5 48
Exposure 0 246,790 0 0 47,000 6,096 9,144 0 0 0 133,644 442,674 Carlsbad
Number 1 46 0 0 7 10 11 0 0 5 21 101
Exposure 4,377,391 26,162,610 0 0
100,173,00
0 1,520,952 33,528 0 0 1,884,447 1,274,946 135,426,874
Chula Vista
Number 0 66 4 0 8 16 18 2 0 1 70 185
Exposure 0 25,905,350 7,320 0 98,705,000 1,530,096 54,864 33,259 0 30,000 156,709,430 282,975,319 Coronado
Number 0 2 0 1 3 3 5 1 0 0 4 19
Exposure 0 13,340 0 4,000 141,000 1,304,544 15,240 16,629 0 0 225,996 1,720,749 Del Mar
Number 0 6 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 13
Exposure 0 25,484,190 0 0 0 234,696 12,192 0 0 0 0 25,731,078 El Cajon
Number 1 59 3 0 8 12 17 0 0 0 34 134
Exposure 4,368,696 393,530 5,490 0 97,378,000 1,539,240 51,816 0 0 0 153,980,088 257,716,860 Encinitas
Number 0 17 0 0 1 7 10 1 0 1 12 49
Exposure 0 111,490 0 0 47,000 21,336 30,480 16,629 0 163,612 579,494 27,204,413 Escondido
Number 0 78 0 1 11 12 17 1 0 2 35 157
Exposure 0 24,980,140 0 4,000 96,004,000 1,539,240 51,816 16,629 0 2,151,670 2,129,942 126,877,437 Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 5 12
Exposure 0 0 0 0 0 1,252,728 15,240 0 0 0 289,784 1,557,752 La Mesa
Number 0 44 2 0 2 5 6 1 0 0 14 74
Exposure 0 23,734,770 3,660 0 90,302,000 1,548,384 18,288 16,629 0 0 668,146 116,291,877 Lemon Grove
Number 0 15 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 0 5 29
Exposure 0 23,460,350 0 0 47,000 1,548,384 15,240 0 0 0 208,236 25,279,210 National City
Number 0 65 0 0 6 5 7 1 0 0 15 99
Exposure 0 23,407,010 0 0 282,000 1,548,384 21,336 16,629 0 0 919,450 26,194,809 Oceanside
Number 1 46 1 2 4 16 19 1 0 2 37 129
Exposure 3,501,640 23,054,470 1,830 8,000 89,897,000 1,554,480 57,912 16,629 0 327,223 149,017,722 267,436,906 Otay Water
District
Number 0 85 1 15 16 20 15 1 0 2 65 220
Exposure 0 566,950 1,830 60,000 4,892,000 60,960 45,720 16,629 0 193,612 10,820,428 16,658,129 Poway Number 0 51 0 0 4 4 4 1 0 8 10 82
Exposure 0 340,170 0 0 188,000 1,219,200 12,192 16,629 0 1,290,000 666,962 3,733,153 TABLE 21: INVENTORY OF CRITICAL FACILITIES AND EXPOSURE VALUE BY JURISDICTION

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-171
Jurisdiction Data (x1000) AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 1 145 0 0 3 11 11 0 0 1 28 200
Exposure 263,077 967,150 0 0 141,000 33,528 33,528 0 0 163,612 8,060,450 9,662,345 Port of San
Diego
Number 1 3 0 0 3 7 4 0 1 0 0 19
Exposure 300,604 19,060 0 0 969,000 21,336 12,192 0 719,793 0 0 2,041,985 Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 43 0 1 3 4 2 0 0 2 4 59
Exposure 0 286,810 0 4,000 1,797,000 12,192 6,096 0 0 60,000 150,590 2,316,688 Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 26 0 0 5 4 5 0 0 8 6 54
Exposure 0 173,420 0 0 1,063,000 12,192 15,240 0 0 1,008,059 310,874 2,582,785 San Diego (City)
Number 3 625 12 34 82 108 150 9 2 9 309 1,343
Exposure 4,330,939 20,479,000 21,960 716,000 83,721,000 1,767,840 457,200 149,663 726,492 5,579,457 150,957,410 268,906,961 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 6 1,592 24 70 182 285 346 18 2 52 722 3,299
Exposure 1,540,729 10,541,690 43,920 280,000 44,986,000 868,680 1,054,608 299,327 726,493 4,900,293 92,015,670 157,257,409 San Marcos
Number 0 24 1 2 2 10 8 0 0 0 30 77
Exposure 0 6,945,810 1,830 360,000 36,879,000 1,969,008 24,384 0 0 0 103,068,310 149,248,342 San Miguel FPD
Number 0 100 0 0 4 10 10 0 0 3 30 157
Exposure 0 667,000 0 0 188,000 30,480 30,480 0 0 193,612 4,125,426 5,234,998 Santee
Number 0 50 0 1 1 3 7 0 0 1 11 74
Exposure 0 333,500 0 4,000 47,000 914,400 21,336 0 0 163,612 682,576 2,166,424 Solana Beach
Number 0 4 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 4 13
Exposure 0 26,680 0 0 0 3,048 12,192 0 0 0 113,146 155,066 Sweetwater
Authority Number 0 124 3 0 13 14 24 2 0 2 49 231
Sweetwater
Authority
Exposure 0 816,630 5,490 0 2,267,000 42,672 73,152 33,259 0 60,000 2,687,162 5,985,365 Unincorporated
Number 1 567 0 37 73 85 78 1 0 32 115 989
Exposure 4,232,543 5,091,690 0 644,000 35,841,000 938,784 237,744 16,629 0 11,853,925 97,291,574 156,147,889 Vista
Number 0 15 1 0 2 13 9 0 0 0 22 62
Exposure 0 1,285,990 1,830 0 94,000 2,054,352 27,432 0 0 0 1,124,726 4,588,330 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6
Exposure 0 25,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,464 117,194
Total Number 16 3,993 53 176 451 684 819 40 5 137 1,705 8,079 TABLE 21: INVENTORY OF CRITICAL FACILITIES AND EXPOSURE VALUE BY JURISDICTION

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-172
Jurisdiction Data (x1000) AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Total Exposure
(x $1,000)
22,915,61
9 245,521,32
0 95,1605 2,084,000 786,096,00
0 25,097,232 2,450,592 665,169 2,172,7
78 30,023,134 938,303,646 2,081,659,021
TABLE 21: INVENTORY OF CRITICAL FACILITIES AND EXPOSURE VALUE BY JURISDICTION SECTION 173
TABLE 22: INVENTORY OF EXPOSURE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 17 4 0 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 113,472 2,733 0 116,205
Carlsbad
Total KMs 174 86 29 289
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,163,163 58,835 43,115 1,265,113
Chula Vista
Number 317 51 33 401
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,110,623 35,026 49,150,878 51,296,527
Coronado
Number 21 16 0 37
Exposure
(x$1,000) 137,016 10,978 0 147,994
Del Mar
Number 5 9 7 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 30,511 6,004 10,641 47,156
El Cajon
Number 159 17 31 207
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,057,030 11,600 46,337 1,114,967
Encinitas
Number 86 43 19 148
Exposure
(x$1,000) 571,714 29,244 28,656 629,614
Escondido
Number 180 28 11 219
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,198,940 19,042 16,686 1,234,668
Imperial Beach
Number 5 4 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 32,259 2,743 0 35,002
La Mesa
Number 123 15 32 170
Exposure
(x$1,000) 817,200 10,472 48,176 875,848
Lemon Grove
Number 46 6 14 66
Exposure
(x$1,000) 303,500 3,813 20,338 327,651
National City
Number 125 12 52 189
Exposure
(x$1,000) 833,696 8,201 77,996 919,893
Oceanside
Number 182 48 43 273
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,210,567 32,856 65,118 1,308,541
Otay Water
District
Number 180 75 0 255
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,197,512 50,910 0 1,248,422
Number 89 36 2 127

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-174
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water Distrct
Exposure
(x1000) 595,562 24,590 2,980 623,132
Port of San
Diego
Number 17 10 23 50
Exposure
(x1000) 112,487 6,870 34,301 153,658
Poway
Number 58 9 0 67
Exposure
(x$1,000) 385,406 6,350 0 391,756
Rainbow
Municipal
Water District
Number 98 0 0 98
Exposure
(x1000) 653,187 0 0 653,187
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 10 0 0 10
Exposure
(x1000) 67,412 0 0 67,412
San Diego
(City)
Number 1,388 352 336 2,076
Exposure
(x$1,000) 9,256,954 240,237 504,158 10,001,349
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 1,980 1,013 262 3,255
Exposure
(x1000) 13,205,512 691,636 392,470 14,289,618
San Marcos
Number 127 15 32 174
Exposure
(x$1,000) 845,959 10,039 47,874 903,872
San Miguel
FPD
Number 64 40 0 104
Exposure
(x$1,000) 425,562 27,448 0 453,010
Santee
Number 101 14 2 117
Exposure
(x$1,000) 671,014 9,565 2,948 683,527
Solana Beach
Number 26 14 7 47
Exposure
(x$1,000) 175,461 9,854 9,903 195,218
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 139 14 22 175
Exposure
(x$1,000) 924,810 9,817 33,488 968,115
Unincorporated
Number 1,895 269 197 2,361
Exposure
(x$1,000) 12,634,636 183,503 295,114 13,113,253
Vista
Number 91 23 18 132
Exposure
(x$1,000) 603,560 15,475 26,710 645,745
Number 9 3 1 13

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-175
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Vista Irrigation
District
Exposure
(x$1,000) 60,170 1,744 1,207 63,121
Total Number 7712 2,226 1,173 11111
Total
Exposure (x
$1,000)
51,394,895 1,519,585 50,859,094 103,773,574

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-176
TABLE 23: INVENTORY OF THE MAXIMUM POPULATION AND BUILDING EXPOSURE BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial
Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine FPD 14,696 5,901 2,292,539 494 149,361
Carlsbad 114,253 46,289 17,983,277 3,486 1,053,992
Chula Vista 268,920 82,581 32,082,719 4,967 1,501,772
Coronado 23,639 8,832 3,431,232 857 259,114
Del Mar 4,331 2,561 994,949 546 165,083
El Cajon 103,186 35,721 13,877,609 3,122 943,937
Encinitas 62,780 26,199 10,178,312 3,254 983,847
Escondido 151,300 49,864 19,372,164 2,903 877,722
Imperial Beach 27,315 9,677 3,759,515 421 127,289
La Mesa 59,556 25,248 9,808,848 2,048 619,213
Lemon Grove 26,802 9,454 3,672,879 606 183,224
National City 61,121 16,881 6,558,269 1,413 427,221
Oceanside 175,622 66,456 25,818,156 3,068 927,610
Otay Water District 226,413 67,755 26,322,818 2,841 858,976 Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 103,846 38,130 14,813,505 2,830 855,651
Port of San Diego 22,191 8,297 3,223,385 485 146,640
Poway 49,701 16,881 6,558,269 1,590 480,737
Rainbow Municipal Water
District 19,267 9,166 3,560,991 459 138,779
Rancho Santa Fe FPD 35,914 11,716 4,551,666 685 207,110 San Diego (city) 1,386,932 504,438 195,974,163 40,485 12,240,640 San Diego County Water
Authority 3,201,964 1,123,341 436,417,979 84,686 25,604,812 San Marcos 95,355 29,930 11,627,805 1,869 565,092
San Miguel FPD 138,766 42,518 16,518,243 2,238 676,659
Santee 57,797 20,954 8,140,629 1,404 424,499
Solana Beach 13,356 6,196 2,407,146 1,229 371,588
Sweetwater Authority 194,873 58,293 22,646,831 5,263 1,591,268 Unincorporated 504,330 164,538 63,923,013 11,027 3,334,013 Vista 100,686 33,343 12,953,756 2,802 847,185
Vista Irrigation District 71,634 6,038 2,345,763 469 141,802 Total 7,316,546 2,527,198 981,816,430 187,547 56,704,835

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-177

5.3.3. COASTAL STORM/EROSION
FEMA FIRM flood hazard data compiled and digitized was used to profile the coastal storm/erosion hazard.

Specifically, the FEMA FIRM VE zone was used in the hazard modeling process in HAZUS-MH. As discussed earlier, the VE Zone is defined by FEMA as the coastal area subject to a velocity hazard (wave action). The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on the identified hazard areas, resulting in three risk/exposure estimates:

1. The aggregated exposure and building count (both dollar exposure and population) at the census block level for residential and commercial occupancies

2. Lifeline infrastructure

3. The critical infrastructure at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of critical nature). These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.

The table below provides a breakdown of potential coastal storm/coastal erosion exposure by jurisdiction.

No losses to critical facilities and infrastructure are expected from these hazards.

Approximately 59,196 people may be at risk from coastal storm/coastal erosion hazards in San Diego County:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-178
TABLE 24: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM COASTAL STORM/EROSION HAZARD BY JURISDICTION Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Carlsbad 341 16 6,218 0 0
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 3,506 0 0 2 605
Del Mar 70 5 1,943 0 0
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 958 *108 *35,367 *4 *1,310
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach 1,570 50 19,430 1 302
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 10,038 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 662 5 1,943 2 605
Port of San Diego 7,667 0 0 1 302
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City) 9,322 4 1,554 3 907
San Diego County Water
Authority 23,659 30 11,658 5 1,512
San Marcos 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 1,260 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 143 0 0 0 0
Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Total 59,196 110 42,746 14 4,233
*Coastal Storm Data consistent with the Encinitas – Solana Beach Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-179
TABLE 25: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM COASTAL STORM/EROSION

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Alpine Union
School District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $6,670
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $719,793 0 0 $719,793
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-180
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Rainbow
Municipal
Water District
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fed Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego
(City)
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $719,793 0 0 $719,793
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel
Fire Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Unincorporated
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Valley Center
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number
Total Exposure (x$1,000)
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3
0 $6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 $1,439,586 0 0 $1,446,256

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-181
TABLE 26: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM COASTAL STORM/EROSION

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure (x$1,000) 4,860 22 0 4,882
Chula Vista
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total KMs 2 3 0 5
Exposure (x$1,000) 11,014 1,948 0 12,962
Del Mar
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   1 0 1 2
Exposure (x1000) 9,263 0 89 9,352
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 0 0 1 1
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 89 89
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 1 1 1 3
Exposure (x1000) 4,860 22 89 4,971
San Marcos
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Santee
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Vista
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 5 5 3 13
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 29,997 1,992 267 32,256

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-182

5.3.4. SEA LEVEL RISE
TABLE 27: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM SEA LEVEL RISE (COASTAL FLOODING) HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at Risk Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection
District 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 622 21 $8,161 4 $1,209
Chula Vista 116 0 0 0 0
Coronado 1,750 112 $43,523 6 $1,814
Del Mar 790 52 $20,207 9 $2,721
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 316 1 $389 3 $907
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach 2,629 51 $19,819 11 $3,326
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 261 358 $139,119 51 $15,420
Otay Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego 2,207 0 0 8 $2,419
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water
District 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City) 5,490 108 $41,969 85 $25,700
San Diego County Water
Authority 9,452 540 $209,844 153 $46,260
San Marcos 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire Protection
District 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 470 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 0 0 0 1 302
Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 24,103 1,243 $483,030 331 $100,078

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-183
TABLE 28: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM SEA LEVEL RISE (COASTAL FLOODING) HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $63,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $63,850
Chula Vista
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $6,670
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $25,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $25,730
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $6,670
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $43,840 0 0 $47,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $90,840
Oceanside
Number 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $11,440 0 0 0 $3,048 0 0 0 0 0 $14,488
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $719,793 0 0 $719,793
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fed Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Number 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $37,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 $719,793 0 0 $756,963
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Number 0 35 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 37

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-184
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $218,250 0 0 $47,000 $3,048 0 0 0 0 0 $268,298 San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $50,510 0 0 $47,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $97,510
Unincorporated
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $22,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $22,880
Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number
Total Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 78 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 0 0 85
0 $487,010 0 0 $141,000 $6,096 0 0 $1,439,586 0 0 $2,073,692

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-185
TABLE 29: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM SEA LEVEL RISE (COASTAL

FLOODING) HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine Fire
Protection
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Total KMs 14 3 1 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) $94,146 $2,136 $832 $97,114
Chula Vista
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) $12,246 $314 0 $12,560
Coronado
Total KMs 16 2 0 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) $107,332 $1,637 0 $108,969
Del Mar
Total KMs 3 2 1 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) $16,696 $1,308 $1,635 $19,639
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 6 3 1 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) $37,359 $1,712 $690 $39,761
Escondido
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0.2 0 0.2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $145 0 $145
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 6 0.2 3 9.2
Exposure
(x$1,000) $43,304 $143 $5,131 $48,578
Oceanside
Total KMs 2 1 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) $12,316 $398 $1,650 $14,184
Otay Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Port of San Total KMs 4 0.4 4 8.4

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-186
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Diego Exposure
(x1000) $23,476 $276 $6,670 $30,422
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe
Fire
Protection District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 19 6 12 37
Exposure
(x$1,000) $123,974 $3,786 $18,165 $145,925
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 55 15 22 92
Exposure
(x1000) $365,016 $10,363 $32,501 $407,880
San Marcos
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 8 1 3 12
Exposure
(x$1,000) $55,550 $457 $5,131 $61,138
Unincorporated
Total KMs 4 1 3 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) $24,975 $565 $4,398 $29,938
Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 140 36 51 226
Total Exposure (x $1,000) $916,390 $23,240 $76,854 $1,016,253

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-187
TABLE 30: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM SEA LEVEL RISE (MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER) HAZARD

BY JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings
at Risk
Jurisdiction
Exposed
Populatio
n
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection
District 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 70 1 $389 0 0
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 1 $302
Del Mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 0 1 $389 0 0
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 1 $302
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 5,019 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 39 0 0 19 $5,745
Otay Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego 11,560 0 0 4 $1,209
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City) 6,565 414 $160,880 83 $25,095
San Diego County
Water Authority 12,250 416 $161,658 102 $30,840
San Marcos 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 0 0 0 0 0
Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 35,503 832 $323,316 210 $64,493

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-188
TABLE 31: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM SEA LEVEL RISE (MEAN

HIGHER HIGH WATER) HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $24,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $24,780
Chula Vista
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $6,670
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $31,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $31,450
Oceanside
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $5,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $5,720
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $719,793 0 0 $719,793
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-189
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Rancho Santa
Fed Fire
Protection
District
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Number 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $82,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 $719,793 0 0 $802,703
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0
$162,97
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $162,970
San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $38,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $38,120
Unincorporated
Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $11,440 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $11,440
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 60
Total Exposure (x$1,000) 0
$364,06
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
$1,439,5
86 0 0
$1,803,64
6 ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-190
TABLE 32: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM SEA LEVEL RISE (MEAN HIGHER

HIGH WATER) HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine Fire
Protection District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Total KMs 1 2 0.1 3.1
Exposure
(x$1,000) $5,223 $1,400 $161 $6,784
Chula Vista
Total KMs 1 0.2 0 1.2
Exposure
(x$1,000) $5,230 $133 0 5,363
Coronado
Total KMs 4 0.4 0 4.4
Exposure
(x$1,000) $29,021 $244 0 $29,265
Del Mar
Total KMs 0 0.9 0.05 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $581 $69 $650.00
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 1 2 0.002 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) $7,777 $1,171 $3 $8,951
Escondido
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0.1 0 0.1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 $91 0 $91
La Mesa Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City Total KMs 2 0.2 0.6 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) $12,791 $131 $993 $13,915
Oceanside Total KMs 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.7
Exposure
(x$1,000) $1,399 $246 $174 $1,819
Otay Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-191
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 10 2 0.4 12.4
Exposure
(x1000) $64,513 $1,277 $543 $66,333
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe
Fire Protection
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 23 5 1.3 29.3
Exposure
(x$1,000) $155,836 $3,744 $2,047 $161,627
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Total KMs 29 11 2.3 42.3
Exposure
(x1000) $193,145 $7,495 $3,948 $204,588
San Marcos
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 3 0.4 0.7 4.1
Exposure
(x$1,000) $18,021 $265 $993 $19,279
Unincorporated
Total KMs 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.1
Exposure
(x$1,000) $4,890 $89 $503 $5,482
Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total KMs 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-192
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Vista Irrigation
District
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 75 25 6 106
Total Exposure (x $1,000) $497,846 $16,867 $9,434 $524,147

5.3.5. TSUNAMI
Tsunami maximum run-up projections (second-generation) were modeled for the entire San Diego County coastline by the University of Southern California, and distributed by the CA Office of Emergency Services in 2009. The model was a result of a combination of inundation modeling and onsite surveys to show maximum predicted inundation levels due to tsunami. This was a scenario model, which uses a given earthquake intensity and location to determine resulting tsunami effects. The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in three risk/exposure estimates:

1. The aggregated exposure and building count (both dollar exposure and population) at the census block level for residential and commercial occupancies

2. The aggregated population at risk at the census block level

3. The critical infrastructure at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of critical nature). These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.

The first table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure by jurisdiction, and the second table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure to infrastructure and critical facility by jurisdiction. It is important to note the California Geological Survey (CGS) and the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) are in the process of generating the third generation of statewide tsunami inundation maps for evacuation planning.137F138F1 38F
139
Approximately 169,606 people may be at risk from the tsunami hazard in San Diego County:

139 https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/Tsunami/Tsunami-inundation-map-methodology-2019.pdf

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-193
TABLE 33: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM TSUNAMI HAZARD BY JURISDICTION Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Carlsbad 4,259 114 44,300 1 302
Chula Vista 228 0 0 0 0
Coronado 24,603 3,043 1,182,509 103 311,420
Del Mar 1,173 532 206,735 25 75,587
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 2,536 3 1,165 10 3,023
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach 8,019 2,068 803,624 94 284,209
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 10,156 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 3,599 1,401 544,428 53 160,245
Port of San
Diego 13,917 0 0 3694 1,191,259
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego
(City) 34,592 5,749 2,234,061 875 2,645,562
San Diego
County Water
Authority
58,040 7,799 3,030,691 956 2,890,466
San Marcos 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 1,411 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority 5,078 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 1965 0 0 1 3023
Vista 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 169,606 20,709 8,047,517 2,503 7,567,820

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-194
TABLE 34: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM TSUNAMI HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BU
S

COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT PO
T

SCH TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0
Carlsbad Number 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
Exposure (x$1,000) 77,190 77,190
Chula Vista Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 5
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 2,000 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 26,640 41,406 Del Mar
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 0 25,156 El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 12,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,390
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 38,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,120
Oceanside Number 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 35,448 Otay Water
Distrct
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
Distrct
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2
Exposure (x1000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 719,793 0 0 722,841 Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
Distrct
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City) Number 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 13
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 78,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 719,793 0 0 797,933 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 0 44 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 48
Exposure (x1000) 0 280,180 0 0 0 9,144 0 0 719,793 0 0 1,009,117 San Marcos Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-195
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BU
S

COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT PO
T

SCH TOTAL
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 38120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,120
Unincorporated Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 22,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,880
Vista Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 0 95 0 1 0 7 2 0 3 0 1 109
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 0 605,150 0 2,000 0 21,336 6,096 0
2,159,3
79 0 26,640 2,782,481

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-196
TABLE 35: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM TSUNAMI HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 8 3 1 12
Exposure (x$1,000) 52,405 1,848 1,291 55,544
Chula Vista
Total KMs   1 0 0 1
Exposure (x$1,000) 2,324 0 0 2,324
Coronado
Total KMs 45 9 0 54
Exposure (x$1,000) 298,630 6,325 0 304,955
Del Mar
Total KMs   3 2 1 6
Exposure (x$1,000) 20,014 1,590 1,707 23,311
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 6 2 1 9
Exposure (x$1,000) 39,063 1,045 1,642 41,750
Escondido
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure (x$1,000) 7,824 424 0 8,248
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 3 0 1 4
Exposure (x$1,000) 18,753 0 435 19,188
Oceanside
Total KMs   2 1 1 4
Exposure (x$1,000) 15,911 466 974 17,351
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   2 1 0 3
Exposure (x1000) 9,759 322 0 10,081
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 25 8 1 34
Exposure (x$1,000) 165,169 5,570 1,237 171,976
San Diego County Water
Authority
Total KMs 49 16 6 71
Exposure (x1000) 326,623 10,685 9,859 347,167
San Marcos
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Santee
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0 0 1 1
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 122 122
Sweetwater Water
Authority
Total KMs   3 0 1 4
Exposure (x$1,000) 21,077 0 435 21,512
Unincorporated
Total KMs 2 1 2 5
Exposure (x$1,000) 12,983 165 2,452 15,600
Vista
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 150 44 16 210
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 990,535 28,440 20,154 1,039,129

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-197

5.3.6. DAM FAILURE
Dam inundation zones, compiled by FEMA or the National Inventory of Dams throughout San Diego County, and purchased through SanGIS, show areas that would be flooded if each dam failed. The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in three risk/exposure estimates:

1. The aggregated exposure and building count (both dollar exposure and population) at the census block level for residential and commercial occupancies

2. The aggregated population at risk at the census block level

3. The critical infrastructure at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of critical nature). These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.

The first table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure by jurisdiction, and the second table provides a breakdown of potential exposure to infrastructure and critical facility by jurisdiction.

Approximately 538,132 people are at risk from a dam failure hazard.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-198
TABLE 36: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM DAM FAILURE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine FPD 90 4 1,554 0 0
Carlsbad 1,258 523 203,238 24 7,256
Chula Vista 15,822 2,297 892,614 628 189,876
Coronado 2,275 392 152,331 5 1,512
Del mar 1,260 556 216,062 31 9,373
El Cajon 70 0 0 24 7,256
Encinitas 1,026 309 120,077 106 32,049
Escondido 34,783 11,624 4,517,086 969 292,977
Imperial beach 4,341 795 308,937 24 7,256
La Mesa 129 7 2,720 1 302
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 7,603 275 106,865 148 44,748
Oceanside 25,060 8,449 3,283,281 318 96,147
Otay Water
District 3,839 761 295,725 173 52,307
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
28,878 10,803 4,198,046 1191 360,099
Port of San Diego 7,034 0 0 48 14,513
Poway 0 7 2,720 3 907
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
2,418 827 321,372 46 13,908
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD 2,988 821 319,041 82 24,793
San Diego 89,183 32,128 12,484,941 4597 1,389,903
San Diego
County Water
Authority
234,032 76,679 29,797,459 8983 2,716,010
San Marco 660 119 46,243 4 1,209
San Miguel FPD 1,590 583 226,554 149 45,050
Santee 24,193 10,034 3,899,212 1084 327,747
Solana Beach 206 332 129,015 13 3,931
Sweetwater
Authority 9,995 3,350 1,301,810 993 300,234
Unincorporated 36,492 10,189 3,959,445 1076 325,329
Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District 33 0 0 0 0
Total 535,258 171,864 66,786,348 20,720 6,264,692

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-199
TABLE 37: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM DAM FAILURE HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 26,680 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 29,728
Chula Vista
Number 0 20 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 25
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 130,550 0 0 969,000 0 9,144 0 0 30,000 0 1,138,694 Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 0 25,156
El Cajon
Number 1 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 257,356 53,360 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 313,764
Encinitas
Number 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,400
Escondido
Number 0 38 0 0 4 4 14 0 0 1 4 65
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 251,560 0 0 1,016,000 12,192 42,672 0 0 163,612 302,882 1,788,918 Imperial
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,220 39,220
La Mesa
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 41 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 268,720 0 0 0 0 9,144 0 0 0 31,376 309,240
Oceanside
Number 1 13 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 1 4 25
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 85,760 0 0 0 12,192 6,096 0 0 163,612 185,666 540,027 Otay Water
District
Number 0 11 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 3 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 73,370 0 0 47,000 3,048 3,048 0 0 163,612 355,200 645,278 Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
Number 1 68 0 0 1 4 6 0 0 0 7 87
Exposure
(x$1,000) 257,356 453,560 0 0 47,000 12,192 18,288 0 0 0 440,004 1,228,400 Port of San
Diego
Number 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 281,772 0 0 0 0 12,192 0 0 0 0 0 293,964
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 23 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 25
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 153,410 0 0 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 0 159,506
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 12 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 80,040 0 0 922,000 3,048 0 0 0 550,835 22,496 1,578,419

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-200
San Diego
(City)
Number 1 211 1 1 11 18 21 1 0 1 13 279
Exposure
(x$1,000) 271,772 1,394,070
1,830 2,000 1,345,000 54,864 64,008 16,629 0 163,612 682,650 3,996,435 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 2 483 1 4 24 41 57 1 0 11 41 665
Exposure
(x$1,000) 615,829 3,195,010
1,830 8,000 4,440,000 124,96
8 173,73
6 16,629 0
1,265,28
2 2,416,98
8 12,258,27
2 San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 47,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,000
San Miguel
FPD
Number 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 40,020 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 163,612 0 206,680
Santee
Number 0 48 0 0 1 3 6 0 0 0 6 64
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 320,160 0 0 47,000 9,144 18,288 0 0 0 392,718 787,310 Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 74 0 0 2 2 7 0 0 1 3 89
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 472,640 0 0 922,000 6,096 21,336 0 0 30,000 96,866 1,548,938 Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporate
d
Number 0 119 0 3 6 7 8 0 0 11 13 167
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 792,780 0 6,000 1,938,000 21,336 24,384 0 0 864,447 821,696 4,468,643 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total
Number 7 1,192 2 8 57 95 127 2 0 32 97 1,619
Total
Exposure (x
$1,000)
1,770,78
6 7,849,82
0 3,660 16,000 11,740,00
0 289,56
0 393,19
2 33,258 0
3,558,62
4 5,787,76
2 31,442,66
2 ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-201
TABLE 38: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM DAM FAILURE HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 23 2 0 25
Exposure
(x$1,000) 156,286 1,172 0 157,458
Chula Vista
Total KMs   114 5 2 121
Exposure
(x$1,000) 760,393 3,343 2,916 766,652
Coronado
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,992 273 0 6,265
Del Mar
Total KMs   6 3 1 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 36,707 1,861 2,057 40,625
El Cajon
Total KMs 3 1 3 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,455 446 4,602 22,503
Encinitas
Total KMs 17 5 1 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 113,082 3,596 1,677 118,355
Escondido
Total KMs   88 2 6 96
Exposure
(x$1,000) 589,607 1,548 9,310 600,465
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,498 861 0 6,359
La Mesa
Total KMs 6 1 1 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 36,776 148 1,091 38,015
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 76 1 7 84
Exposure
(x$1,000) 508,719 920 12,952 522,591
Oceanside
Total KMs   55 8 1 64
Exposure
(x$1,000) 365,206 5,322 328 370,856
Otay Water District
Total KMs   60 2 0 62
Exposure
(x1000) 400,397 1,311 0 401,708
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs   131 13 5 149
Exposure
(x1000) 875,831 8,735 6,871 891,437

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-202
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   21 5 4 30
Exposure
(x1000) 138,956 3,467 5,662 148,085
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 54 1 0 55
Exposure
(x$1,000) 359,258 183 0 359,441

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-203
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 13,612 293 0 13,905
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 821 61 51 933
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,476,180 41,921 76,049 5,594,150
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 1,511 115 77 1,703
Exposure
(x1000) 10,072,703 78,214 116,118 10,267,035
San Marcos
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,883 92 0 2,975
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   32 1 0 33
Exposure
(x$1,000) 211,370 291 0 211,661
Santee
Total KMs   121 12 2 135
Exposure
(x$1,000) 810,110 8,192 2,269 820,571
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0 0 1 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 311 311
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 188 8 11 207
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,253,333 5,640 15,868 1,274,841
Unincorporated
Total KMs 239 16 2 257
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,595,903 11,014 2,556 1,609,473
Vista
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 3,571 266 175 4,012
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 23,806,257 178,843 260,637 24,245,737

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-204

5.3.7. EARTHQUAKE/LIQUEFACTION
There was no FEMA HAZUS data available nor enough of any other data sources regarding liquefaction to enable the Planning Group’s creation of a comprehensive liquefaction vulnerability assessment by deadline. However, liquefaction was still considered by the Planning Group as a potential effect of earthquakes with the possibility of causing impacts such as loss of life and property/assets. Therefore, liquefaction was still considered and researched within this vulnerability assessment section.

The data used in the earthquake hazard assessment were: 100-, 250-, 500-, 750-, 1000-, 1500-, 2000-, and 2500- year return period USGS probabilistic hazards. Soil conditions for San Diego County as developed by USGS were also used, which allowed for a better reflection of amplification of ground shaking that may occur. The HAZUS software model, which was developed for FEMA by the National Institute of Building Services as a tool to determine earthquake loss estimates, was used to model earthquake and flood for this assessment.

This software program integrates with a GIS to facilitate the manipulation of data on building stock, population, and the regional economy with hazard models. PBS&J updated this model in 2003 to HAZUSMH (Multiple Hazard), which can model earthquake and flood, along with collateral issues associated with each model, such as liquefaction and landslide with earthquakes. This software was not released prior to the beginning of the planning process; however, PBS&J performed vulnerability and loss estimation models for earthquakes and flood for this project using the newer model.

Additionally, the earthquake risk assessment explored the potential for collateral hazards such as liquefaction and earthquake-induced landslides. Three cases were examined, one case with shaking only, a second case with liquefaction potential, and a third with earthquake-induced landslides. Once the model was complete, the identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in three risk/loss estimates:

1. The aggregated exposure and building count (both dollar exposure and population) at the census block level for residential and commercial occupancies

2. The aggregated population at risk at the census block level

3. The critical infrastructure at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of critical nature).

These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction. Results for residential and commercial properties were generated as annualized losses, which average all eight of the modeled return periods (100-year through 2500-year events). For critical facility losses it was helpful to look at 100- and 500-year return periods to plan for an event that is more likely to occur in the near-term.

In the near term, a 500-year earthquake would cause increased shaking, liquefaction and landslide, which would be expected to increase loss numbers. Exposure for annualized earthquake included buildings and population in the entire county because a severe or worst-case scenario earthquake could affect any structure in the County.

Furthermore, the annualized earthquake loss table also shows potential collateral exposure and losses from liquefaction and landslide separately; this is the additional loss from earthquake due to liquefaction or landslide caused by earthquakes and should be added to the shaking-only loss values to get the correct value. (The collateral liquefaction and landslide loss results for critical facilities were included with earthquake in the tables below, to plan for an event that is more likely to occur in the near-term as discussed above).

The first table provides a breakdown of potential exposure and losses due to annualized earthquake events by jurisdiction. The second and third tables below provide a breakdown of infrastructure and critical facility losses from 100-year and 500-year earthquakes, respectively.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-205
Approximately 81,590 people may be at risk from the annualized earthquake and earthquake-induced liquefaction hazards:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-206
TABLE 39: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM ANNUALIZED EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial buildings at Risk Jurisdiction
Exposed
Populatio
n
Buildin
g Count
Potentia
l Loss
from
Shaking
(x$1,000
)
Potential
Additional
Loss from
Liquefactio
n (x$1,000)
Potential
Addition
al Loss
from
Landslid
e
(x$1,000)
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Buildin
g Count
Potentia
l Loss
from
Shaking
(x$1,000
)
Potential
Additional
Loss from
Liquefactio
n (x$1,000)
Potential
Addition
al Loss
from
Landslid
e
(x$1,000)
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection
District 0 32 26 0 10 26,569 20 12 0 4 10,824
Carlsbad 1,067 6,314 1,535 0 78 3,079,694 377 51 0 119 165,506 Chula Vista 3,170 3,342 1,688 18 115 2,005,905 342 66 2 130 163,269 Coronado 1,275 2,419 281 47 33 1,079,930 201 16 39 14 81,574 Del Mar 471 351 185 0 10 212,056 104 17 0 8 39,064
El Cajon 216 528 889 93 101 625,750 391 52 4 97 164,599 Encinitas 854 378 77 0 25 186,434 237 32 0 39 93,124
Escondido 57 696 142 0 193 400,637 436 53 0 153 194,230 Imperial Beach 1,458 198 28 57 38 124,830 148 13 7 32 60,410 La Mesa 211 243 49 0 48 132,056 163 29 0 20 64,189
Lemon Grove 284 224 29 0 20 105,992 98 8 0 13 35,859
National City 2,348 491 61 0 81 245,761 407 35 0 40 145,642 Oceanside 811 113 178 38 194 203,012 508 60 13 160 224,102 Otay Water District 1,443 259 183 0 56 193,636 94 54 0 94 73,199 Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 183 268 129 53 91 210,007 318 74 2 161 167,714 Port Of San Diego 3,788 532 62 36 103 284,895 767 70 32 64 282,002 Poway 57 176 60 0 18 98,602 52 22 0 30 31,535
Rainbow Municipal Water
District 39 421 86 27 32 219,737 156 22 1 80 78,248
Rancho Santa Fe Fpd 612 616 147 0 49 315,563 313 57 0 93 139,928 San Diego 20,362 4,394 797 393 797 2,478,831 3,163 416 32 429 1,221,524 San Diego County Water
Authority 32,161 15,665 3,214 1,685 2,677 9,029,249 9,631 1,345 92 2,632 4,142,044 San Marcos 254 743 153 0 130 398,683 474 58 0 204 222,469 San Miguel Fpd 467 520 146 45 84 308,956 332 64 2 105 151,961 Santee 106 116 48 4 34 78,341 92 22 0 54 50,916
Solana Beach 353 136 19 0 9 63,607 109 12 0 8 38,852
Sweetwater Authority 4,987 984 193 18 196 540,326 719 84 2 156 290,468 Unincorporated 2,782 4,738 1,332 718 745 2,926,513 2,359 454 36 1,165 1,213,603 Vista 405 1,600 264 334 249 950,806 850 98 17 322 389,094 Vista Irrigation District 212 1,319 218 169 245 757,788 680 80 7 199 291,949 Total 80,433 47,816 12,219 3,735 6,461 27,284,16
6 23,541 3,376 288 6,625 10,227,89
8 ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-207
TABLE 40: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM ANNUALIZED

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRD
G

BUS COM ELEC EME
R
GOV
T

HOSP POR
T

POT SCH TOTA
L
Alpine Fire
Protection District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad Number 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 1 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $87,5
00 $3,04
8 0 0 0 $62,7
22 $5,00
0 158,27
0 Chula Vista Number 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 4
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $87,5
00 0 0 0 0 $33,9
04 $6,09
6 127,50
0 Coronado Number 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 10
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $91,5
00 $10,0
48 0 0 0 0 $29,0
00 130,54
8 Del Mar Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon Number 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $175,
000
$7,56
8 0 0 0 $10,0
48 0 192,61
6 Encinitas Number 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 6 9
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 $8,48
0 0 0 0 $36,5
04 $20,7
86 65,770
Escondido Number 0 0 0 1 5 1 0 2 0 4 9 22
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $7,32
1 $437,
500
$3,04
8 0 $40,2
97 0 65,44
5 $32,6
41 586,25
2 Imperial Beach Number 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 8
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 $13,9
24 0 0 0 0 $24,1
24 38,048
La Mesa Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $35,0
00 35,000
Lemon Grove Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $5,00
0 5,000
National City Number 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 8 11
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $90,2
50 $4,52
3 0 $24,6
62 0 0 $27,7
43 147,17
8 Oceanside Number 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 2 3 10
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $8,76
4 $6,34
6 0 0 $17,1
91 0 $32,7
22 $9,42
4 74,447
Otay Water Distrct Number 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $26,2
50 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,250
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
Distrct
Number 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $3,70
0 0 0 0 0 0 $5,57
2 0 9,272
Port of San Diego Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Exposure (x1000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $32,7
22 0 32,722
Poway Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water Distrct
Number 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $5,51
7 $91,7
34 0 0 0 0 0 $12,2
49 109,50
0 Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Number 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $87,7
34 0 0 0 0 0 $9,76
6 97,500
San Diego (City) Number 0 0 0 8 8 1 0 1 0 3 8 29

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-208
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $35,5
89 $193,
456
$26,1
16 0 $31,1
32 0 $199,
084
$24,3
84 509,76
1 San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 0 0 0 8 6 7 0 8 0 12 19 60
Exposure (x1000) 0 0 0 $37,4
20 $525,
000
$26,6
76 0 $133,
034
0 $293,
199
$59,5
72 1,074,
901
San Marcos Number 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 3 8
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $4,00
0 0 $10,4
30 0 $16,6
29 0 0 $11,7
14 42,773
San Miguel FPD Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 7
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 $176,
444
$3,04
8 0 $16,6
29 0 $32,4
60 $6,09
6 234,67
7 Unincorporated Number 0 0 0 4 2 3 0 1 0 5 7 22
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 $20,0
22 $205,
054
$14,2
34 0 $21,6
39 0 $81,8
06 $21,3
36 364,09
1 Vista Number 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 $9,95
2 0 $16,6
29 0 0 $11,1
44 37,725
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $5,00
0 5,000
Total Number 0 0 0 28 36 24 0 17 0 39 101 245
Total Exposure (x
$1,000)
0 0 0 122,3
33 2,281,
268
141,0
95 0 317,8
42 0 886,1
88 356,0
75 4,104,
801

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-209
TABLE 41: POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM ANNUALIZED

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,121 0 0 6,121
Carlsbad
Total KMs 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,303 0 0 17,303
Chula Vista
Number 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 21,124 0 0 21,124
Coronado
Number 11 0 0 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 74,336 0 0 74,336
Del Mar
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 3,701 0 0 3,701
El Cajon
Number 2 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 15,503 0 0 15,503
Encinitas
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,081 0 0 6,081
Escondido
Number 4 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 25,252 0 0 25,252
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 5 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 34,013 0 0 34,013
Lemon Grove
Number 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 19,771 0 0 19,771
National City
Number 7 0 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 43,409 0 0 43,409
Oceanside
Number 5 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 33,950 0 0 33,950

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-210
Otay Water District
Number 6 0 0 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 36,954 0 0 36,954
Padre Dam Municipal
Water Distrct
Number 7 0 0 7
Exposure (x1000) 44,309 0 0 44,309
Port of San Diego
Number 4 0 0 4
Exposure (x1000) 29,618 0 0 29,618
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,447 0 0 2,447
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Number 12 0 0 12
Exposure (x1000) 77,724 0 0 77,724
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure (x1000) 3,194 0 0 3,194
San Diego (City)
Number 73 0 0 73
Exposure
(x$1,000) 487,978 0 0 487,978
San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 155 0 0 155
Exposure (x1000) 1,031,356 0 0 1,031,356
San Marcos
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,875 0 0 6,875
San Miguel FPD
Number 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 22,018 0 0 22,018
Santee
Number 5 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 34,354 0 0 34,354
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Number 10 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 64,360 0 0 64,360
Unincorporated
Number 113 0 5 118
Exposure
(x$1,000) 756,449 0 7,954 764,403
Vista
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,401 0 0 5,401
Vista Irrigation District Number 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-211
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 437 0 5 449
Total Exposure (x
$1,000) 2,903,601 0 7,954 2,960,937

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-212
TABLE 42: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM 100-YEAR EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Residential
Buildings at Risk
Commercial
Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego County Water Authority 0 0 0 0 0
San Marco 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 4,440 2,982 $1,158,507 77 $23,281
Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4,440 2,982 $1,158,507 77 $23,281

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-213
TABLE 43: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 100-YEAR EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fed Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego
(City)
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-214
San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel
Fire Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporate
d
Number 3 11 0 4 6 3 4 0 0 0 3 34
Exposure
(x$1,000)
$176,37
6 $62,920 0 $8,000 $1,938,0
00 $9,144 $12,192 0 0 0 $27,602 $2,234,2
34 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total
Exposure (x
$1,000)
$176,37
6 $62,920 0 $8,000 $1,938,0
00 $9,144 $12,192 0 0 0 $27,602 $2,234,234

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-215
TABLE 44: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 100- YEAR EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine Fire Protection
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District Total KMs 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-216
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal
Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego County
Water
Authority
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
San Marcos
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated
Total KMs 183 0 29 212
Exposure
(x$1,000) $43,215 0 $1,219,888 $1,263,013
Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 183 0 29 212
Total Exposure (x $1,000) $43,215 0 $1,219,888 $1,263,013

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-217
TABLE 45: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 500-YEAR EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings
at Risk
Commercial
Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 19,092 4,538 $1,763,467 352 $106,427
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido 96,129 21,857 $8,493,630 974 $294,489
Imperial beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 130,943 40,592 $15,774,051 1,492 $451,106
Otay Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water District 0 8,313 $3,230,432 54 $16,327 Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego 504 0 0 2 $604,700
San Diego County Water Authority 501,096 138,019 $53,634,183 8,341 $2,521,901 San Marcos 55,473 13,312 $5,173,043 1,148 $347,098
San Miguel Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 193,801 46,242 $17,969,641 3,272 $989,289 Vista 90,570 21,763 $8,457,102 1,041 $423,592
Vista Irrigation District 33,787 1,262 $490,413 61 $18,443 Total 1,121,395 295,898 $114,985,962 16,737 $5,773,372

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-218
TABLE 46: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 500-YEAR EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
0 Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 5,720 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 134,384 143,152
Chula Vista
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
0 Number 0 22 0 0 3 2 11 1 0 1 17 57
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 146,740 0 0 969,000 6,096 33,528 16,629 0 30,000 996,780 2,198,773 Imperial Beach
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 1 27 1 1 1 8 9 1 0 2 17 68
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 175,340 1,830 2,000 47,000 30,480 27,432 16,629 0 327,223 775,594 1,490,229 Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 41 0 1 2 3 2 0 0 1 4 54
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 273,470 0 2,000 1,797,000 9,144 6,096 0 0 0 0 2,087,710 San Diego (City) Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 41,736 58,124
San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 2 159 3 2 20 45 47 3 0 11 83 375
Exposure
(x$1,000) 167,681 1,051,980 5,490 4,000 7,564,000 137,160 143,256 49,888 0 1,131,670 4,277,866 14,532,991 San Marcos
Number 0 16 1 0 1 5 6 0 0 0 11 40
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 104,820 1,830 0 47,000 15,240 18,288 0 0 0 593,776 780,954 Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-219
Unincorporated
Number 3 211 0 7 35 43 42 1 0 13 40 395
Exposure
(x$1,000) 271,772 1,383,620 0 14,000 11,581,000 131,064 128,016 16,629 0 924,447 1,280,792 15,731,340 Vista
Number 0 8 1 0 1 8 3 0 0 0 15 36
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 52,410 1,830 0 47,000 24,384 9,144 0 0 0 692,122 826,890 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,070 47,740
Total Number 6 488 6 11 63 114 122 6 0 28 191 1,035
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 526,154 3,214,110 10,980 22,000 22,052,000 353,568 371,856 99,775 0 2,413,340 8,834,120 37,897,903

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-220
TABLE 47: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 500- YEAR EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total
KMs 42 3 2 47
Exposure
(x$1,000) 277,290 1,768 2,702 281,760
Chula Vista
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total
KMs
113 15 0 128
Exposure
(x$1,000) 751,643 9,996 0 761,639
Imperial Beach
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total
KMs
197 21 21 239
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,315,268 14,640 32,248 1,362,156
Port of San
Diego
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway Total
KMs 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-221
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total
KMs 308 25 0 333
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,053,961 16,929 0 2,070,890
San Diego
(City)
Total
KMs 8 0 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 53,990 0 0 53,990
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Total
KMs 1,251 129 44 1,424
Exposure
(x1000) 8,342,432 88,164 65,329 8,495,925
San Marcos
Total
KMs 140 11 13 164
Exposure
(x$1,000) 933,731 16,937 8,600 959,268
Santee
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated
Total
KMs 1,846 69 93 2,008
Exposure
(x$1,000) 12,306,924 46,921 139,012 12,492,857
Vista
Total
KMs
116 12 8 136
Exposure
(x$1,000) 772,613 8,252 12,359 793,224
Vista Irrigation
District
Total
KMs
7 1 1 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 47,718 835 980 49,533
Total Number 4,028 286 182 4,496
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 26,855,570 204,442 265,723 27,321,242

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-222
TABLE 48: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM ROSE CANYON SCENARIO EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at Risk Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 114,187 36,605 14,221,043 3,474 1,050,364
Chula Vista 210,011 46,508 18,068,358 4,483 1,355,435
Coronado 19,375 7,211 2,801,474 857 259,114
Del Mar 3,965 2,001 777,389 546 165,083
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 59,322 19,547 7,594,010 3,192 965,101
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach 27,161 5,698 2,213,673 421 127,289
La Mesa 25,203 5,473 2,126,261 604 182,619
Lemon Grove 26,480 6,522 2,533,797 594 179,596
National City 61,014 8,648 3,359,748 1,413 427,221
Oceanside 104,063 28,369 11,021,357 2,281 689,660
Otay Water
District 126,387 28,869 11,215,607 1,267 383,077
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
0 0 0 0 0
Port Of San
Diego 14,710 0 0 485 146,640
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fe Fpd 19,844 4,259 1,654,622 329 99,473
San Diego 1,184,880 280,311 108,900,824 36,762 11,114,991 San Diego
County Water
Authority
1,926,720 454,167 176,443,880 55,724 16,848,151
San Marcos 378 117 45,455 5 1,512
San Miguel Fpd 29,048 5,303 2,060,216 416 125,778
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 13,214 5,113 1,986,401 1,229 371,588
Sweetwater
Authority 113,119 33,847 13,149,560 5,152 1,557,707
Unincorporated 94,666 13,228 5,139,078 945 285,721
Vista 8,730 1,804 700,854 202 61,075
Vista Irrigation
District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4,182,477 993,600 386,013,599 120,381 36,397,195

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-223
TABLE 49: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM ROSE CANYON SCENARIO

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP POT SCH TOTAL Alpine FPD
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 1 44 0 0 7 10 11 0 5 20 98
Exposure
(x$1,000) 182,097 289,680 0 0 1,985,000 30,480 33,528 0 684,447 1,139,748 4,344,980 Chula Vista
Number 0 54 4 0 8 12 16 2 1 56 153
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 356,380 7,320 0 2,032,000 36,576 48,768 33,259 30,000 6,077,768 8,622,071 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 1 3 3 5 1 0 4 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 4,000 141,000 9,144 15,240 16,629 0 225,996 418,679 Del Mar
Number 0 6 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 39,070 0 0 0 9,144 12,192 0 0 0 60,406
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 15 0 0 1 6 9 1 1 12 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 98,150 0 0 47,000 18,288 27,432 16,629 163,612 579,494 950,605 Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 5 12
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 6,096 15,240 0 0 289,784 311,120
La Mesa
Number 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 1,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,438 151,668
Lemon Grove
Number 0 12 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 5 26
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 79,090 0 0 47,000 9,144 15,240 0 0 208,236 358,710 National City
Number 0 65 0 0 6 5 7 1 0 15 99
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 426,900 0 0 282,000 15,240 21,336 16,629 0 919,450 1,681,555 Oceanside
Number 1 37 0 1 3 12 18 1 1 20 94
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 243,940 0 4,000 969,000 36,576 54,864 16,629 163,612 3,317,050 4,892,372 Otay Water
District
Number 0 38 1 0 4 7 4 1 0 31 86
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 253,460 1,830 0 1,844,000 21,336 12,192 16,629 0 4,623,446 6,772,893 Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 3 3 0 0 3 7 4 0 0 0 20
Exposure
(x$1,000) 300,604 19,060 0 0 969,000 21,336 12,192 0 0 0 1,322,192 Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number 0 15 0 0 1 2 4 0 4 3 29

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-224
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 100,050 0 0 47,000 6,096 12,192 0 520,835 64,010 750,183 San Diego (City)
Number 3 550 11 32 65 94 138 9 5 263 1,170
Exposure
(x$1,000) 745,778 3,637,150 20,130 128,000 13,819,000 286,512 420,624 149,663 684,447 28,292,272 48,183,576 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 4 859 16 33 96 154 220 14 17 410 1,823
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,014,575 5,676,330 29,280 132,000 21,072,000 469,392 670,560 232,809 2,246,952 41,331,960 72,875,858 San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 36 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 6 46
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 240,120 0 0 0 6,096 3,048 0 30,000 284,752 564,016 Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 4 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 4 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 26,680 0 0 0 3,048 12,192 0 0 113,146 155,066 Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 119 3 0 13 14 23 2 2 48 224
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 783,280 5,490 0 2,267,000 42,672 70,104 33,259 60,000 2,654,158 5,915,963 Unincorporated
Number 0 79 0 0 4 7 8 0 5 11 114
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 526,930 0 0 1,844,000 21,336 24,384 0 550,835 414,252 3,381,737 Vista
Number 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 47,000 3,048 0 0 0 163,106 219,824 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 9 1,923 35 67 212 335 477 32 42 909 4,041
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 2,029,150 12,711,460 64,050 268,000 46,396,000 1,021,080 1,453,896 532,135 5,134,740 90,490,392 160,100,903

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-225
TABLE 50: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM ROSE CANYON SCENARIO

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Total KMs 175 86 19 280
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,166,948 58,397 29,139 1,254,484
Chula Vista
Total KMs   313 43 16 372
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,088,358 29,225 23,583 2,141,166
Coronado
Total KMs 17 16 0 33
Exposure
(x$1,000) 115,663 10,875 0 126,538
Del Mar
Total KMs   3 8 6 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,658 5,734 8,561 34,953
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 84 43 12 139
Exposure
(x$1,000) 560,387 29,238 18,293 607,918
Escondido
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 3 4 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 16,720 2,743 0 19,463
La Mesa
Total KMs 57 3 4 64
Exposure
(x$1,000) 379,149 1,806 6,699 387,654
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 41 6 9 56
Exposure
(x$1,000) 270,926 3,781 12,751 287,458
National City
Total KMs 105 12 28 145
Exposure
(x$1,000) 703,183 8,240 42,451 753,874
Oceanside
Total KMs   183 39 22 244
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,221,266 26,798 32,077 1,280,141

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-226
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Otay Water
District
Total KMs   139 22 0 161
Exposure
(x1000) 930,061 15,258 0 945,319
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs   0 0 0 45
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 139,152
Port of San
Diego
Total KMs   15 9 21 45
Exposure
(x1000) 101,430 6,267 31,455 139,152
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Total KMs 3 5 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 19,405 3,355 0 22,760
San Diego
(City)
Total KMs 1,145 303 213 1,661
Exposure
(x$1,000) 7,633,100 207,096 319,623 8,159,819
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Total KMs 1,233 580 257 2,070
Exposure
(x1000) 8,222,970 396,449 386,060 9,005,479
San Marcos
Total KMs 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,139 0 0 17,139
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   49 9 0 58
Exposure
(x$1,000) 327,067 6,148 0 333,215
Santee
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs   22 14 5 41
Exposure
(x$1,000) 149,284 9,776 6,752 165,812
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 80 5 38 123
Exposure
(x$1,000) 531,071 3,375 57,035 591,481
Unincorporated Total KMs 153 22 1 176

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-227
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,019,835 15,237 130 1,035,202
Vista
Total KMs   22 1 0 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 143,694 908 0 144,602
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 3,845 1,230 651 5,726
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 25,638,314 840,706 974,609 27,453,629

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-228

5.3.8. FLOOD
Digitized 100-year and 500-year flood maps with base flood elevation (BFE) from the FEMA FIRM program for most of the areas were used for this project. Census blocks with non-zero population and non-zero dollar exposure that intersect with these polygons were used in the analysis. For the areas that did not include BFE information, a base flood elevation was estimated for the final purpose of computing the flood depth at different locations of the region as follows:
 Transect lines across the flood polygon (perpendicular to the flow direction) were created using an approximation method for Zone A flood polygons. Zone A is the FEMA FIRM Zone that is defined as the 100-year base flood.
 A point file was extracted from the line (Begin node, End node and center point). The Zonal operation in the GIS tool Spatial Analyst (with the point file and a digital elevation model [DEM]) was used to estimate the ground elevation in the intersection of the line with the flood polygon borders. The average value of the End and Begin point of the line was calculated. This value was assumed as the base flood elevation for each transect.

A surface model (triangulated irregular network, or TIN) was derived from the original transect with the derived BFE value and the flood polygon. This TIN file approximated a continuous and variable flood elevation along the flood polygon. A grid file was then derived from the TIN file with the same extent and pixel resolution of the DEM (30-meter resolution). The difference of the flood elevation grid file and the DEM was calculated to produce an approximate flood depth for the whole study area. HAZUS-MH based damage functions, in a raster format, were created for each of the occupancies present in the census blocks.

A customized Visual Basic (VBA) script was written to assign the ratio of damage expected (function of computed flood depth) for each type of occupancy based on the HAZUS-MH damage functions. HAZUS-MH exposure values ($) in raster format were created using Spatial Analyst. Since not all areas in the census blocks are completely within the flood area, the exposure at risk was weighted and estimated accordingly based on the number of pixels in flood area. Losses were then estimated through multiplication of damage ratio with the exposure at risk for each block. Losses were then approximated based on 100- and 500-year losses (high and low hazards).

The first table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure and losses by jurisdiction for 100-year flood, and the second table provides a breakdown of infrastructure and critical facility losses for 100-year flood by jurisdiction. The third table provides a breakdown of potential exposure and losses by jurisdiction from 500-year flood, and the fourth table provides a breakdown of potential infrastructure and critical facility losses by jurisdiction. The loss tables also provide a breakdown of loss ratios for commercial and residential properties by jurisdiction.

These loss ratios are determined by dividing the loss values by the exposure values for each jurisdiction, and give a perspective of the potential losses for each jurisdiction for this hazard. For example, a loss ratio value of 0.4 in El Cajon would mean that 40% of the exposed buildings in El Cajon would be lost due to a 100- or 500-year flood.

Approximately 270,263 people may be at risk from the 100-year flood hazard.

Approximately 585,882 people are at risk from the 500-year flood hazard.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-229
TABLE 51: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection
District 268 23 $8,938 1 $302
Carlsbad 2,497 619 $240,543 15 $4,535
Chula Vista 1,741 633 $245,984 169 $51,097
Coronado 4,022 0 $0 2 $605
Del Mar 1,123 384 $149,222 29 $8,768
El Cajon 5,427 80 $31,088 30 $9,071
Encinitas 661 32 $12,435 6 $1,814
Escondido 7,380 1,625 $631,475 209 $63,191
Imperial Beach 2,702 55 $21,373 1 $302
La Mesa 73 1 $389 3 $907
Lemon Grove 0 3 $1,166 4 $1,209
National City 10,693 149 $57,901 139 $42,027
Oceanside 13,323 4,540 $1,764,244 448 $135,453
Otay Water District 2,623 51 $19,819 16 $4,838
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 5,330 613 $238,212 75 $22,676
Port of San Diego 17,614 0 $0 2 $605
Poway 656 343 $133,290 64 $19,350
Rainbow Municipal Water
District 1,124 105 $40,803 25 $7,559
Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District 1,252 23 $8,938 7 $2,116
San Diego (City) 35,523 4,976 $1,933,674 733 $221,623
San Diego County Water
Authority 101,369 16,590 $6,446,874 2,397 $724,733
San Marcos 4,150 279 $108,419 106 $32,049
San Miguel Fire Protection
District 3,575 524 $203,626 59 $17,839
Santee 1,279 40 $15,544 13 $3,931
Solana Beach 656 313 $121,632 11 $3,326
Sweetwater Authority 13,338 1,195 $464,377 486 $146,942 Unincorporated: 17,979 4,151 $1,613,079 530 $160,246
Vista 889 455 $176,813 38 $11,489
Vista Irrigation District 481 35 $13,601 7 $2,116
Total 257,748 37,837 14,703,459 5,625 1,700,719

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-230
TABLE 52: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 123,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,880
Chula Vista
Number 0 14 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 91,480 0 0 922,000 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 0 1,019,576 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Del Mar
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 0 25,156
El Cajon
Number 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 20,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230,806 250,816
Encinitas
Number 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,400
Escondido
Number 0 8 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 0 3,048 6,096 0 0 0 200,836 263,340 Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 64,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,800
Oceanside
Number 1 21 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 2 31
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 134,370 0 0 0 9,144 12,192 0 0 0 88,356 330,763 Otay Water District
Number 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 100,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,050
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Number 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31
Exposure
(x$1,000) 206,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 206,770
Port of San Diego
Number 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 719,793 0 0 726,463
Poway
Number 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 80,040 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 83,088
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Number 0 17 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 113,390 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 14,430 130,868
Number 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-231
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 216,972
San Diego (City)
Number 0 138 0 3 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 149
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 903,360 0 6,000 94,000 6,096 6,096 0 719,793 0 43,068 1,778,413 San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 1 360 0 6 4 11 11 0 1 1 11 406
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 2,364,150 0 12,000 1,016,000 33,528 33,528 0 719,793 163,612 364,476 4,793,788 San Marcos
Number 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 63,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,850
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 166,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166,750
Santee
Number 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 80,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,040
Solana Beach
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Sweetwater Authority
Number 0 24 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 156,280 0 0 922,000 3,048 6,096 0 0 0 22,126 1,109,550 Unincorporated
Number 1 124 0 7 4 4 4 0 0 2 6 152
Exposure
(x$1,000) 80,980 824,230 0 14,000 1,844,000 12,192 12,192 0 0 193,612 99,012 3,080,218 Vista
Number 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 22,108
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 5,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,720
Total Number 35 834 0 16 14 27 27 0 3 4 27 985
Total Exposure (x
$1,000) 467,822 5,482,980 0 32,000 4,798,000 82,296 82,296 0 2,159,379 520,836 1,063,110 14,688,719

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-232
TABLE 53: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 13 7 1 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 83,715 4,631 342 88,688
Chula Vista
Total KMs   32 3 1 36
Exposure
(x$1,000) 210,783 2,373 194 213,350
Coronado
Total KMs 2 3 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,014 1,984 0 12,998
Del Mar
Total KMs   6 3 2 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 37,125 1,804 2,515 41,444
El Cajon
Total KMs 3 1 1 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,924 84 98 18,106
Encinitas
Total KMs 5 4 1 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 32,741 2,541 119 35,401
Escondido
Total KMs   26 2 0 28
Exposure
(x$1,000) 172,723 1,651 0 174,374
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 543 0 543
La Mesa
Total KMs 1 1 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 3,158 225 180 3,563
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 14 1 1 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 95,654 233 384 96,271
Oceanside
Total KMs   54 10 10 74
Exposure
(x$1,000) 362,336 6,755 14,077 383,168
Otay Water District
Total KMs   26 3 0 29
Exposure
(x1000) 170,295 2,057 0 172,352
Total KMs   7 2 1 10

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-233
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam Municipal Water
District
Exposure
(x1000) 48,638 1,591 98 50,327
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   5 2 6 13
Exposure
(x1000) 31,645 1,210 8,353 41,208
Poway
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,352 114 0 11,466
Rainbow Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 22 1 0 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 147,114 844 0 147,958
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 141 22 38 201
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,141,289 15,261 57,503 1,214,053
San Diego County Water
Authority
Total KMs 426 63 53 542
Exposure
(x1000) 2,842,718 43,267 79,247 2,965,232
San Marcos
Total KMs 19 2 2 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 128,671 1,238 2,565 132,474
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,886 704 0 15,590
Santee
Total KMs   5 2 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 35,785 1,394 0 37,179
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs   47 3 1 51
Exposure
(x$1,000) 310,550 2,059 577 313,186
Unincorporated
Total KMs 104 8 1 113
Exposure
(x$1,000) 694,666 5,505 1,032 701,203
Vista
Total KMs   9 1 1 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 57,799 369 928 59,096
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs   2 0 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 13,618 0 37 13,655

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-234
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Total Number 973 147 122 1,242
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 6,676,199 98,437 168,249 6,942,885

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-235
TABLE 54: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM 500-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 268 23 8,938 1 302
Carlsbad 2,497 619 240,543 15 4,535
Chula Vista 14,651 3,628 1,409,841 556 168,107
Coronado 4,022 0 0 2 605
Del Mar 1,228 475 184,585 36 10,885
El Cajon 20,560 6,231 2,421,367 867 262,137
Encinitas 681 44 17,098 10 3,024
Escondido 31,005 10,048 3,904,653 545 164,781
Imperial Beach 2,702 55 21,373 3 907
La Mesa 105 1 389 3 907
Lemon Grove 0 3 1,166 4 1,209
National City 12,868 909 353,237 200 60,470
Oceanside 33,750 12,611 4,900,635 659 199,249
Otay Water District 4,976 632 245,595 116 35,073
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 7,573 1,447 562,304 298 90,100
Port Of San Diego 17,736 0 0 18 5,442
Poway 3,107 1,090 423,574 134 40,515
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 3,137 773 300,388 45 13,606
Rancho Santa Fe
Fpd 1,262 36 13,990 7 2,116
San Diego 68,368 14,269 5,544,933 1,706 515,809
San Diego County
Water Authority 221,421 56,606 21,997,092 5,880 1,777,818 San Marcos 4,230 503 195,466 178 53,818
San Miguel Fpd 5,417 700 272,020 86 26,002
Santee 2,846 751 291,839 217 65,610
Solana Beach 1,022 509 197,797 57 17,234
Sweetwater Authority 30,746 4,378 1,701,291 857 259,114 Unincorporated 26,802 5,967 2,318,776 618 186,852
Vista 3,135 1,096 425,906 230 69,541
Vista Irrigation
District 818 48 18,653 14 4,233
Total 526,933 123,452 47,973,449 13,362 4,040,001

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-236
TABLE 55: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 500-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 123,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,880
Chula Vista
Number 0 19 1 0 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 28
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 124,830 1,830 0 1,844,000 6,096 3,048 0 0 0 119,880 2,099,684 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Del Mar
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 0 25,156
El Cajon
Number 0 25 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 5 35
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 166,750 1,830 0 0 6,096 6,096 0 0 0 368,594 549,366 Encinitas
Number 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,400
Escondido
Number 0 34 0 0 3 3 9 0 0 1 8 58
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 224,880 0 0 969,000 9,144 27,432 0 0 163,612 420,246 1,814,314 Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 12 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 78,140 0 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 84,236
Oceanside
Number 1 23 0 1 0 6 6 0 0 0 5 42
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,137 147,710 0 2,000 0 18,288 18,288 0 0 0 199,578 406,001 Otay Water
District
Number 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 106,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 270,332
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 43 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 286,810 0 0 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 0 292,906
Port of San Diego
Number 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 922,000 3,048 0 0 719,793 0 0 1,651,511 Poway
Number 0 18 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 120,060 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 123,108
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 19 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 126,730 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 14,430 144,208
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Number 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 216,972

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-237
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Diego (City)
Number 0 184 1 3 4 4 8 0 1 1 3 209
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 1,208,280 5,490 6,000 1,016,000 12,192 24,384 0 719,793 163,612 138,602 3,294,353 San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 1 486 6 7 11 24 34 0 1 4 29 603
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,137 3,200,770 10,980 14,000 3,829,000 73,152 103,632 0 719,793 654,447 1,395,270 10,021,181 San Marcos
Number 0 13 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 83,860 1,830 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 13,912 102,650 San Miguel FPD
Number 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 26
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 166,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 330,362
Santee
Number 0 17 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 113,390 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 116,438
Solana Beach Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 30 1 0 4 2 4 0 0 0 2 43
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 196,300 1,830 0 1,844,000 6,096 12,192 0 0 0 142,006 2,202,424 Unincorporated Number 1 133 0 7 4 4 5 0 0 3 7 164
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,416 884,260 0 14,000 1,844,000 12,192 15,240 0 0 357,223 114,626 3,255,957 Vista Number 0 5 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 2 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 9,144 9,144 0 0 0 63,048 113,736 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 25,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,730
Total Number 3 1,144 11 18 32 56 77 0 3 12 65 1,421
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 54,690 7,543,080 23,790 36,000 12,268,000 170,688 234,696 0 2,159,379 1,829,730 2,990,192 27,310,245

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-238
TABLE 56: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 500-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY

JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 13 7 1 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 83,915 4,681 342 88,938
Chula Vista
Total KMs   68 8 5 81
Exposure
(x$1,000) 454,289 5,173 7,439 466,901
Coronado
Total KMs 2 3 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,014 1,984 0 12,998
Del Mar
Total KMs   6 3 2 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 38,837 1,972 2,965 43,774
El Cajon
Total KMs 49 3 4 56
Exposure
(x$1,000) 326,126 2,043 5,268 333,437
Encinitas
Total KMs 5 4 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 32,741 2,620 0 35,361
Escondido
Total KMs   65 6 1 72
Exposure
(x$1,000) 431,452 4,162 752 436,366
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,097 543 0 1,640
La Mesa
Total KMs 1 1 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 3,158 281 180 3,619
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 28 1 1 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 188,912 405 414 189,731
Oceanside
Total KMs   94 12 11 117
Exposure
(x$1,000) 624,041 8,133 16,729 648,903
Otay Water District
Total KMs   38 4 0 42
Exposure
(x1000) 256,525 2,418 0 258,943
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Total KMs   28 4 3 35
Exposure
(x1000) 184,247 2,915 5,218 192,380
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   9 2 9 20
Exposure
(x1000) 28,995 1,211 13,073 43,279
Poway Total KMs 4 1 0 5

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-239
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 23,390 198 0 23,588
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 32 1 0 33
Exposure
(x$1,000) 212,499 844 0 213,343
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 367 3 67 437
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,448,289 22,199 100,606 2,571,094
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 859 89 94 1,042
Exposure
(x1000) 5,730,566 61,124 140,601 5,932,291
San Marcos
Total KMs 26 2 2 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 172,749 1,393 3,617 177,759
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   4 1 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 24,494 759 0 25,253
Santee
Total KMs   25 4 1 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 166,448 2,574 303 169,325
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs   86 7 5 98
Exposure
(x$1,000) 574,882 4,765 7,853 587,500
Unincorporated
Total KMs 124 9 1 134
Exposure
(x$1,000) 823,809 5,942 1,070 830,821
Vista
Total KMs   25 1 1 27
Exposure
(x$1,000) 167,522 560 1,486 169,568
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs   3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,253 0 0 20,253
Total Number 1,962 177 209 2,348
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 13,030,250 138,899 307,916 13,477,065

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-240

5.3.9. RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
Steep slope and soils data from SANDAG, as well as data from the State of California, U.S. Geological Survey and HAZUS for all of San Diego County were combined and modeled to determine areas susceptible to rain-induced landslides. Soils that are prone to movement were determined from the database, and combined with areas that have greater than 25% slope, which are prone to sliding. The combination of these two factors gives a general idea of landslide susceptibility.

Localized hard copy maps developed by TAN were also reviewed. The TAN landslide susceptibility modeling takes into account more information, such as past landslides, landslide-prone formations, and steep slope.

The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in three risk/exposure estimates:

1. The aggregated exposure and building count (both dollar exposure and population) at the census block level for residential and commercial occupancies

2. The aggregated population at risk at the census block level

3. The critical infrastructure at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of critical nature).

These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.

The first table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure for high-risk rain-induced landslide hazard by jurisdiction, and the second table below provides a breakdown of infrastructure and critical facility exposure for high risk. The third table provides a breakdown of potential exposure for moderate risk raininduced landslide by jurisdiction, and the fourth table below provides a breakdown of potential infrastructure and critical facility exposure for moderate risk.

Approximately 181,501 people may be at risk from a rain-induced landslide hazard:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-241
TABLE 57: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD (HIGH RISK) BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk Commercial Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction
Exposed
Populatio
n
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 292 2 777 0 0
Carlsbad 2,163 24 9,324 1 302,350
Chula Vista 865 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 1,337 11 4,273 0 0
Encinitas 158 4 1,554 0 0
Escondido 4,372 76 29,526 3 907,050
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District 5,522 32 12,432 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
846 30 11,655 0 0
Port Of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 574 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 1,968 84 32,634 8 2,418,800
Rancho Santa Fe
Fpd 10,853 3,285 1,276,223 226 68,331,100
San Diego 1,222 9 3,497 0 0
San Diego County
Water Authority 68,465 5,076 1,972,026 270 81,634,500
San Marcos 8,693 943 366,356 12 3,628,200
San Miguel Fpd 1,773 48 18,648 0 0
Santee 8 11 4,274 1 302,350
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority 2,592 89 34,577 2 604,700
Unincorporated 51,594 4,300 1,670,550 259 78,308,650
Vista 2,782 21 8,159 1 302,350
Vista Irrigation
District 1,733 68 26,418 2 604,700
Total 167,812 14,113 5,482,903 785 237,344,750

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-242
TABLE 58: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

HAZARD (HIGH RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP INFR PORT POT RAIL SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon
Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 47,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,000
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water
District
Number 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho
Santa Fe
FPD
Number 0 2 0 0 2 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 4 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 94,000 3,048 12,192 0 0 0 163,612 0 218,078 504,270 San Diego
County
Water
Authority
Number 0 2 0 4 3 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 4 20
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 8,000 141,000 6,096 12,192 0 0 0 163,612 0 218,078 562,318 San Marcos Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-243
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP INFR PORT POT RAIL SCH TOTAL Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee
Number 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000
Solana
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporat
ed
Number 0 2 0 3 3 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 4 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 6,000 141,000 3,048 12,192 0 0 0 163,612 0 218,078 557,270 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 0 6 0 9 9 4 12 0 0 0 3 0 12 55
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 0 40,020 0 18,000 423,000 2,192 36,576 0 0 0 490,836 0 654,234 1,674,858

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-244
TABLE 59: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

HAZARD (HIGH RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs   0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 246 0 246
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District Total KMs   3 1 0 4

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-245
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,437 635 0 18,072
Oceanside
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal Water
District
Total KMs   1 1
Exposure (x1000) 726 726
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure (x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,962 887 0 15,849
Rancho Santa Fe FPD
Total KMs 15 1 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 98,127 742 0 98,869
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,823 0 0 2,823
San Diego County Water
Authority
Total KMs 37 6 0 43
Exposure (x1000) 248,125 4,231 0 252,356
San Marcos
Total KMs 8 0 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 55,696 0 0 55,696
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 600 0 600
Santee
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 139 0 139
Unincorporated Total KMs 47 6 2 55

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-246
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 311,472 3,962 2,442 317,876
Vista
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs   1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,020 0 0 2,020
Total Number 114 19 2 135
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 750,662 12,168 2,442 765,272

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-247
TABLE 60: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD (MODERATE RISK) BY

JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 177 57 22,145 2 605
Encinitas 60 4 1,554 0 0
Escondido 558 494 191,919 26 7,861
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 2 777 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 64 24,864 1 302
Oceanside 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District 9,569 20,175 7,837,988 1,071 323,817
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
3,972 6,051 2,350,814 427 129,103
Port Of San
Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
2,837 1,351 524,864 57 17,234
Rancho Santa
Fe Fpd 16,246 11,707 4,548,170 684 206,807
San Diego 560 4 1,554 0 0
San Diego
County Water
Authority
115,920 103,190 40,089,315 6,267 1,894,827
San Marcos 258 150 58,275 5 1,512
San Miguel Fpd 23,999 41,324 16,054,374 2,186 660,937
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority 4,265 5,316 2,065,266 301 91,007
Unincorporated 115,732 102,862 39,961,887 6,279 1,898,456 Vista 0 66 25,641 2 605
Vista Irrigation
District 4,182 5,802 2,254,077 454 137,267

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-248
Total 298,335 298,619 116,013,484 17,762 5,307,340
TABLE 61: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

HAZARD (MODERATE RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District
Number 0 41 0 15 9 9 9 0 0 2 19 104
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 273,470 0 30,000 2,907,000 27,432 27,432 0 0 193,612 3,621,338 7,080,284 Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Number 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 36
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 226,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114,552 341,332
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Number 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 20,010 0 0 875,000 3,048 0 0 0 30,000 0 928,058
Rancho Santa Fe FPD
Number 0 26 0 0 5 4 5 0 0 7 6 53
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 173,420 0 0 1,063,000 12,192 15,240 0 0 878,059 370,874 2,512,785 San Diego (City)
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-249
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 0 245 0 21 28 31 28 0 0 14 56 423
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 1,629,400 0 42,000 8,768,000 94,488 85,344 0 0 1,355,282 5,323,190 17,297,704 San Marcos
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 97 0 0 4 9 9 0 0 3 29 151
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 646,990 0 0 188,000 27,432 27,432 0 0 223,612 4,117,656 5,231,122 Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Number 0 32 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 3 41
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 213,440 0 0 47,000 3,048 9,144 0 0 30,000 98,494 401,126 Unincorporated
Number 0 250 0 21 30 31 28 0 0 15 56 431
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 1,662,750 0 42,000 9,690,000 94,488 85,344 0 0 1,385,282 5,323,190 18,283,054 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 25,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,464 117,194
Total Number 0 733 0 57 78 86 82 0 0 43 173 1,252
Total Exposure (x
$1,000)
0 4,878,660 0 114,000 23,538,000 262,128 249,936 0 0 4,095,847 19,060,758 52,199,329

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-250
TABLE 62: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

HAZARD (MODERATE RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Total KMs   1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,941 0 0 2,941
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,578 95 0 11,673
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 23 0 0 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 155,397 0 0 155,397
Oceanside
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total KMs   166 41 0 207

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-251
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Otay Water
District
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,309,054 28,206 0 1,337,260
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs   26 3 0 29
Exposure
(x1000) 171,195 2,376 0 173,571
Port of San
Diego
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 52 2 0 54
Exposure
(x$1,000) 346,138 1,174 0 347,312
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Total KMs 43 5 0 48
Exposure
(x1000) 288,347 3,352 0 291,699
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 6 0 2 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 40,763 0 2,312 43,075
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 1,033 179 58 1,270
Exposure
(x1000) 6,888,284 122,442 87,479 7,098,205
San Marcos
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 13,026 306 0 13,332
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   215 49 0 264
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,430,630 33,517 0 1,464,147
Santee
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs   94 7 0 101
Exposure
(x$1,000) 629,031 4,909 0 633,940
Unincorporated Total KMs 1,113 180 58 1,351

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-252
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 7,424,405 122,740 87,336 7,634,481
Vista
Total KMs   1 0 1 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,205 0 272 5,477
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs   40 2 3 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 268,108 1,566 4,609 274,283
Total Number 2,817 470 122 3,409
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 18,984,102 320,683 182,008 19,486,793

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-253

5.3.10. WILDFIRE/STRUCTURE FIRE
CDF-FRAP (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection's Fire and Resource Assessment Program) modeled wildland fire threat for the state of California in 2002. This model was used in GIS to profile the fire hazard throughout the County and is described in detail below in the Vulnerability Assessment portion of this document. This data was updated as requested by the Encinitas jurisdiction and is reflected in the hazard modeling process and subsequent mapping.

It should be noted that the hazard level depicted within current data boundaries will change after the CDF re-evaluates burned areas. After this re-evaluation is complete, it is expected that the CDF-FRAP will remodel the fire risk and provide updated risk maps. These updated maps should be included in future revisions of this plan. In the model, fire threat is a combination of factors including:

1. Historical fire regime and fire regime condition class

2. Existing vegetation

3. Topography.

These factors were combined to create five fire regime classes ranging from little or no threat to extreme.

The regime classes are:

Fire Regime I - 0-35 year frequency and low to mixed severity Fire Regime II - 0-35 year frequency and high severity
Fire regime III - 35-100+ year frequency and mixed severity Fire Regime IV - 35-100 + year frequency and high severity Fire Regime V - 200+ year frequency and high severity
Wildfire loss estimates were determined using the CDF-FRAP Wildfire Hazard Severity Zones data. CDFFRAP modeled wildland fire threat for the state of California in 2008. This model was used in GIS to profile the fire hazard throughout the County, then used in overlays to determine the loss estimates. In the model, fire threat is a combination of two factors: 1) fire rotation, or the likelihood of a given area burning, and 2) potential fire behavior (fuel rank). These two factors were combined to create five threat classes ranging from little or no threat to very high. The fuel ranking methodology assigned ranks based on expected fire behavior for unique combinations of topography and vegetative fuels under a given severe weather condition (wind speed, humidity, temperature, and fuel moisture).

The procedure made an initial assessment of rank based on as assigned fuel model and slope, then potentially increases ranks based on the amount of ladder and/or crown fuel present to arrive at a final fuel rank. Fire rotation class intervals were calculated from fifty years of fire history on land areas grouped into “strata” based on fire environment conditions. These strata are defined by climate, vegetation, and land ownership. The fire rotation interval is the number of years it would take for past fires to burn an area equivalent to the area of a given stratum. Fire rotation interval for a given stratum is calculated by dividing the annual number of acres burned into the total area of the stratum. Finally, fire rotation values were grouped into classes. The larger fire rotation values correspond to less frequent burning. CDF calculated a numerical index of fire threat based on the combination of fuel rank and fire rotation.

A 1-3 ranking of fuel rank was summed with the 1-3 ranking from rotation class to develop a threat index ranging from 2 to 6. This threat index was then grouped into four threat classes. Areas that do not support wildland fuels (e.g., open water, agriculture lands, etc.) were omitted from the calculation, however areas of very large urban centers (i.e., concrete jungles) were left in but received a moderate threat value. This data was updated as requested by the City of Encinitas to more accurately reflect their fire risks, and is reflected in the hazard modeling process and subsequent mapping.

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-254
The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in four risk/exposure estimates: 1) the aggregated exposure and building count at the parcel level for residential and commercial occupancies, 2) the aggregated population at risk at the census block level, 3) the critical facilities at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of a critical nature), and 4) the critical infrastructure (major roadways, railways, and oil/gas pipelines) at risk. These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.

Wildfire can create a multi-hazard effect, where areas that are burned by wildfire suddenly have greater flooding risks because the vegetation that prevented erosion is now gone. Watershed from streams and rivers will change and floodplain mapping may need to be updated. Also, air quality issues during a largescale fire would cause further economic losses than only the structural losses described below. Road closures and business closures due to large-scale fires would also increase the economic losses shown below.

The tables below provide a breakdown of potential greatest exposures to the San Diego region:

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-255
TABLE 63: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM VERY HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine FPD 14,696 4,961 1,927,845 84 25,397
Carlsbad 19,479 5,075 1,972,145 561 169,618
Chula Vista 15,354 2,583 1,003,754 64 19,350
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 3,555 340 132,124 249 75,285
El Cajon 13,057 1,523 591,838 7 2,116
Encinitas 11,633 3,801 1,476,689 89 26,909
Escondido 33,762 4,639 1,802,715 148 44,748
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 106 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 14,768 1,823 708,418 128 38,701
Otay Water District 25,962 6,989 2,715,925 383 115,800
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
68,029 14,780 5,743,508 802 242,485
Port Of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 25,892 5,326 2,069,684 569 172,037
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 11,651 4,168 1,619,685 60 18,141
Rancho Santa Fe
Fpd 27,114 3,586 1,393,520 173 52,307
San Diego 341,251 123,699 48,069,431 3,517 1,063,365
San Diego County
Water Authority 791,081 203,245 78,981,007 8,821 2,667,029 San Marcos 41,364 7,043 2,736,910 355 107,334
San Miguel Fpd 21,741 4,418 1,716,835 157 47,469
Santee 17,792 4,673 1,815,928 115 34,770
Solana Beach 2,538 579 224,999 25 7,559
Sweetwater
Authority 734 0 0 78 23,583
Unincorporated 322,758 52,594 20,438,028 3,708 1,121,114 Vista 21,628 1,680 652,848 279 84,356
Vista Irrigation
District 20,066 1,497 581,734 54 16,327
Total 1,866,011 459,022 178,375,570 20,426 6,175,800
Wildfire dataset provided by City of Encinitas for Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-256
TABLE 64: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM VERY HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD

BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine PFD
Number 0 34 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 4 42
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 226,780 0 0 47,000 0 9,144 0 0 0 114,922 397,846 Carlsbad
Number 0 7 0 0 1 4 2 0 0 1 2 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 46,690 0 0 47,000 12,192 6,096 0 0 163,612 108,188 383,778 Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 47,000 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 50,048
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 6,997,070 7,013,458 Encinitas
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 22,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 51,948 78,628
Escondido
Number 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 73,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,000 42,106 145,476
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 6,670 0 0 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 37,518 136,985 Otay Water
District
Number 0 16 0 15 11 4 6 0 0 2 8 62
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 106,720 0 30,000 3,001,000 12,192 18,288 0 0 193,612 474,192 3,836,004 Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 47 0 0 1 4 4 0 0 1 16 73
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 313,490 0 0 47,000 12,192 12,192 0 0 163,612 7,396,966 7,945,452 Poway Number 0 32 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 6 3 46
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 213,440 0 0 141,000 3,048 3,048 0 0 180,000 155,918 696,454 Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 33 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 40
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 220,110 0 2,000 922,000 6,096 3,048 0 0 0 14,430 1,167,684 Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 8 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 1,016,000 0 0 0 0 193,612 0 1,262,972 San Diego (City) Number 1 260 2 21 34 18 14 1 0 4 70 425

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-257
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,137 1,716,150 3,660 42,000 8,222,000 54,864 42,672 16,629 0 387,223 15,821,496 26,326,831 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 1 457 2 53 59 49 33 4 0 26 119 803
Exposure
(x$1,000) 106,837 3,026,340 3,660 106,000 13,537,000 149,352 100,584 33,259 0 1,982,505 37,210,012 56,255,550 San Marcos Number 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 12 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 4,000 857,000 3,048 0 0 0 0 12,941,120 13,811,838 San Miguel FPD Number 0 2 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 2 3 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 94,000 3,048 9,144 0 0 193,612 71,780 384,924 Santee Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 163,612 152,366 332,366 Solana Beach Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated Number 0 258 0 33 37 44 33 0 0 15 34 454 Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 1,701,860 0 66,000 6,707,000 131,064 100,584 0 0 1,118,059 1,029,784 10,854,351 Vista Number 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 16,388
Total Number 3 1,177 4 125 157 132 102 5 0 63 183 2,050 Total Exposure (x $1,000) 213,675 7,787,890 7,320 250,000 34,685,000 399,288 310,896 49,888 0 4,933,071 82,619,816 131,097,033 Wildfire dataset provided by City of Encinitas for Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-258
TABLE 65: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM VERY HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD

BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 65 3 0 68
Exposure
(x$1,000) 434,832 2,268 0 437,100
Carlsbad
Total KMs 61 13 0 74
Exposure
(x$1,000) 407,897 8,578 0 416,475
Chula Vista
Total KMs   41 4 0 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 273,960 2,566 0 276,526
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs   0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 652 0 652
El Cajon
Total KMs 16 2 0 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 107,171 1,079 0 108,250
Encinitas
Total KMs 21 10 0 24
Exposure
(x$1,000) 65,575 6,717 0 140,769
Escondido
Total KMs   40 9 0 49
Exposure
(x$1,000) 267,984 6,149 0 274,133
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside Total KMs   14 3 0 17

ATTACHMENT A
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment A-259
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL

GAS RR TOTAL
Exposure
(x$1,000) 90,850 2,180 0 93,030
Otay Water District
Total KMs   216 24 0 240
Exposure
(x1000) 1,438,065 16,706 0 1,454,771
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs   137 22 0 159
Exposure
(x1000) 911,453 14,984 0 926,437
Port of San Diego
Total KMs   0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 58 4 0 62
Exposure
(x$1,000) 388,142 2,414 0 390,556
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Total KMs   262 11 0 273
Exposure
(x1000) 1,744,280 7,763 0 1,752,043
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Total KMs 14 2 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 93,346 1,630 0 94,976
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 1,934 126 56 2,116
Exposure
(x$1,000) 12,894,842 85,728 83,589 13,064,159
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 3,316 292 89 3,697
Exposure
(x1000) 22,108,904 199,668 133,388 22,441,960
San Marcos
Total KMs 40 2 1 43
Exposure
(x$1,000) 266,929 1,183 1,642 269,754
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs   51 21 0 72
Exposure
(x$1,000) 338,443 14,334 0 352,777
Santee
Total KMs   33 2 0 35
Exposure
(x$1,000) 223,061 1,448 0 224,509
Solana Beach
Total KMs   9 3 1 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 61,678 1,776 254 63,708
Unincorporated Total KMs 2,185 123 90 2,398