Sunnyvale City Council
June 25, 2024

June 2024

CLIMATE ACTION PLAYBOOK
Update and Game Plan 2028
Attachment 2

2 Attachment 2

The City of Sunnyvale is pleased to release the next
work plan for climate action in Sunnyvale; Game Plan
2028. Along with this work plan, Sunnyvale is
committing to more aggressive carbon neutrality goals.

In 2019, the City adopted the Climate Action Playbook
along with Game Plan 2022. Just as a sports playbook
identifies a team’s winning strategies for achieving
success on the field, the Playbook contains winning
strategies to meet California’s targets for carbon
neutrality. Game Plan 2022 laid out a three-year work
plan of specific actions (Next Moves) for the City and
community to take to catapult Sunnyvale towards our
targets. Amidst Game Plan 2022, the COVID-19
pandemic hit, causing a delay in implementing all of
Sunnyvale’s Next Moves. Game Plan 2022 was
extended and renamed Game Plan 2023. We learned a
lot about the impact of behavior change on emissions
through the pandemic and will see some changes carry
through.

Game Plan 2028 is the next work plan for Sunnyvale to
continue reducing emissions towards the 56%
reduction goal by 2030. To align with new State
targets, the Playbook’s carbon neutrality target is being updated to 85% below 1990 levels by 2045. This Game
Plan and Playbook update represents a collaborative
effort between the City and our community. We owe a
huge thanks to all who contributed to the process –
your creativity and enthusiasm generated a wealth of
climate action solutions for our community.

Sunnyvale has demonstrated its leadership in climate
action through progressive City policies and active
community engagement. Yet much remains to be done
to reduce our emissions and enhance our resilience to
the threats of climate change. This Game Plan and
Playbook Update will keep Sunnyvale in the lead and
on track to carbon neutrality.

The Game Plan and Playbook Update is available at the
following link:

SunnyvaleClimateAction.org
We look forward to working with you all to take bold
climate action and help Sunnyvale achieve its 2045 target.

Kent Steffens
City Manager
City Manager’s Note
3 Attachment 2

4 Attachment 2

Contents
5 Executive Summary 7
At-a-Glance: Pathway to 2045 9
The Playing Field 10
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves 19
Game Plan 2028 At-a-Glance 22
Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Electricity 25
Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings 29
Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use 35 Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably 42
Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community 48
Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate 52
Future Work Planning & Resources 56
Terms and Acronyms 58
References 59
Appendices 61
Appendix A: Retired Next Moves 62
Appendix B: Ideas Roster 65
Appendix C: Substantial Evidence Report 94
Acknowledgements 149
Attachment 2

Attachment 2

Executive Summary
Attachment 2

Executive Summary
8 | Executive Summary
the COVID-19 pandemic shelter in place order. Sunnyvale used emissions from 2019 to forecast emissions and
Game Plan 2028 reductions. With our current line of
scrimmage (2021) at 31% below 1990 levels, we are
well-positioned to meet the state’s 2030 target of 40%.

However, Sunnyvale set a higher goal than the state for 2030 calling for steeper reductions in emissions, even as Sunnyvale’s emissions are forecasted to increase with
anticipated growth and the return to pre-COVID activity levels.

To reach Sunnyvale’s goal of 56x30, the City must try
new, leading-edge ideas. Emissions from transportation
and natural gas use now make up more than 75% of
Sunnyvale’s current emissions. Electric vehicle adoption is on the rise in Sunnyvale. While this helps reduce
transportation emissions, we need to accelerate the
adoption rate in the next five years. Sunnyvale also now requires all-electric new construction through Reach
Codes. In Game Plan 2028 we will turn our focus to
reducing natural gas use in existing buildings.

The 66 Next Moves are planned for implementation over
five fiscal years between 2024-2028.. 33 of the Moves are returning from Game Plan 2023. Year one of this Game
Plan consists of these Moves and staff have continued
progress on these with existing resources while Game
Plan 2028 was finalized and developed. One-time costs
needed over the next four years of the Plan total $2.1
million which includes consultant services, advertising, infrastructure needs and one temporary position. Four
new permanent staff positions to implement Game Plan
Moves are adding approximately $800,000 per year in
ongoing costs. Game Plan resource needs have been
refined and finalized through the annual budget process, approved by City Council on June 18, 2024.

The Playbook Game Plans are intended to be dynamic.

They will be revised every five years to account for the changing regulatory context, evolving technologies,
behavior trends, and community needs. Future Game
Plans and their associated Next Moves will support the
City furthering our progress toward our carbon neutrality target. The issue of global climate change has become
increasingly urgent, and we need action today to create the highest GHG reductions by 2030 so that we can
achieve 85x45. This Game Plan and Playbook update
provide a path for transforming our community into a
resilient and sustainable Sunnyvale through our collective commitment to individual and community-wide action.

Sunnyvale adopted its first Climate Action Plan (CAP 1.0) in 2014 and has already achieved its 2020 greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions target. Sunnyvale adopted the
Climate Action Playbook (CAP 2.0) in 2019. The
Playbook set carbon reduction goals of 56% below 1990
levels by 2030 (“56x30") and 80% below 1990 levels by
2050 (“80x50”). With the Playbook, Sunnyvale also
adopted Game Plan 2022. The Game Plan lays out
specific actions (Next Moves) for the City and
community to take to stay on the path toward carbon
neutrality.

Game Plan 2028 and accompanying Playbook updates
lay out a five-year plan to bring Sunnyvale to its 2030 goal line. Sunnyvale is also updating the Playbook’s
carbon neutrality target to align with the State’s new
target of 85% below 1990 levels by 2045 (“85x45”). This Game Plan will set Sunnyvale up to achieve this new
carbon neutrality goal. The Playbook updates also fulfill the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
guidelines allowing for programmatic CEQA
streamlining of project GHG emissions.

Game Plan 2028 identifies 66 Next Moves for the City
and community to take over a five-year period. These
Moves build upon our past success while integrating
new, bold, breakthrough ideas. Implementation of
Game Plan 2022 was impacted by the COVID-19
pandemic and extended a year to be renamed Game
Plan 2023. Despite the pandemic impacts, Sunnyvale
achieved some major milestones throughout Game
Plan 2023:
• adoption of all-e
lectric Reach Codes
• adoption of plans prioritizing mixed land use and
transit such as the Lawrence Station Area Plan, El
Camino Specific Plan and Moffett Park Specific Plan
• update, adoption and implementation of the Active
Transportation Plan
• launch of programs like Cool Cooktops and Drive
Electric
Building off Game Plan 2023, about half of the Moves in Game Plan 2028 are returning players. To develop the
new Moves, we sourced more than 170 ideas from our
community (see Appendix A: Ideas Roster). We also
worked closely with City staff and engaged a consultant team for technical analysis.

While our most recent emissions numbers are from
2021, both 2020 and 2021 emissions are impacted by
Attachment 2

At-a-Glance: Pathway to 2045
At-a-Glance: Pathway to 2045 | 9
Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Electricity
Play 1.1 Promote 100% clean electricity 2030 Target: 100% participation in clean electricity 2045 Target: 100% participation in clean electricity
Play 1.2 Increase local solar photovoltaics 2030 Target: 3% of load from local solar 2045 Target: 5% of load from local solar
Play 1.3 Increase distributed electricity storage 2030 Target: 2% of electricity demand stored in batteries locally 2045 Target: 5% of electricity demand stored in batteries locally Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Play 2.1 Reduce energy consumption in existing
buildings
2030 Target: 5% of existing homes and businesses receive deep energy retrofit
2045 Target: 30% of existing homes and businesses receive deep energy retrofit
Play 2.2 Support electrification of existing
buildings
2030 Target: 44% reduction in residential and 38% reduction in commercial natural gas use
2045 Target: 92% reduction in residential and 86% reduction in commercial natural gas use
Play 2.3 Achieve all-electric new construction 2030 Target: 100% all-electric new buildings 2045 Target: 100% all-electric new buildings
Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Play 3.1
Increase opportunities for and
encourage development of mixed-use
sites to reduce vehicle miles per person
2030 Target: 20% reduction in vehicle miles per person
2045 Target: 30% reduction in vehicle miles per person
Play 3.2 Increase transportation options and
support shared mobility
Play 3.3 Increase zero-emission
vehicles registered in Sunnyvale
2030 Target: 42% of all vehicles on road are zero-emission vehicles 2045 Target: 90% of all vehicles on road are zero-emission vehicles Play 3.4 Decarbonize off-road equipment and
vehicles
2030 Target: 30% of off-road equipment and vehicles are zero-emission 2045 Target: 75% of off-road equipment and vehicles are zero-emission Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Play 4.1 Achieve Zero Waste goals for solid
waste
2030 Target: Reduce landfilled garbage to 1 lb per person per day and achieve 75% diversion of landfilled organics
2045 Target: Reduce landfilled garbage to <1 lb per person per day and achieve 75% diversion of landfilled organics
Play 4.2 Ensure resilience of water supply Targets will be defined as per state requirement Play 4.3 Enhance natural carbon sequestration
capacity Supports broader net carbon reductions
Play 4.4 Promote awareness of sustainable
goods and services Supports broader emissions reductions Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community
Play 5.1 Enhance community awareness and
engagement Supports all other Plays
Play 5.2 Track and share data and tools Supports all other Plays Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate
Play 6.1 Assess climate vulnerabilities for Sunnyvale
Play 6.2 Protect shoreline area from sea level rise and coastal flooding Play 6.3 Strengthen community resiliency
Attachment 2

The Playing Field
Attachment 2

Playbook Updates
The Playing Field | 11
As a climate action leader, California has continued to demonstrate its commitment to early and aggressive
action on climate change. The State Legislature and
Governor have adopted ambitious targets to encourage
bolder climate action. In 2022, the State adopted a more aggressive carbon neutrality target of 85% reduction from 1990 levels by 2045 (Assembly Bill 1279)

1. In September 2022, Governor Newsom established the
California Climate Commitment which refers to goals
supported both through policy adoption and the state
budget. Other policies were adopted alongside AB 1279
to support California’s drive toward carbon neutrality.

The Climate Commitment dedicated funding toward a
variety of climate strategies, but most notably are electric vehicles, public transportation, energy reliability, and drought resilience. In December 2022, the California Air Resource Board finalized the 2022 Scoping Plan
2 for
Achieving Carbon Neutrality in alignment with AB 1279.

In order to align with the new state carbon neutrality
target and the 2022 Scoping Plan and ensure Sunnyvale
will reach its 2030 target, Sunnyvale’s Playbook is being updated to reflect:
• Adoption of a new carbon neutrality target of 85%
reduction below 1990 levels by 2045.
• Updating all Play metric goals to be achieved by 2045 (instead of 2050) and adjusting some 2030 metric
goals based on updated forecasts.
• Adoption of new Play 3.4: Decarbonize off-road
equipment and vehicles and associated metric.

Game Plan 2028 was developed based on the new 2045
carbon neutrality target, updated Play metrics and
additional Play. The 66 Next Moves within the Game Plan will put Sunnyvale on track to meet its 2030 and make
substantial progress towards our 2045 targets. Future
Game Plans, developed in five-year increments, will map out Sunnyvale’s continued progress toward our targets.

As the “Heart of Silicon Valley” within the Bay Area,
Sunnyvale is committed to doing its part to sustain future generations.

Attachment 2

Our Accomplishments
Tracking our Progress
In 2020, Sunnyvale launched its Climate Action
Scoreboard. This is an interactive dashboard that
displays Sunnyvale’s GHG Inventory, key metrics, the
status of Game Plan Moves, and much more. This allows
the community to see how Sunnyvale is progressing
towards its climate related target. It also serves as a resource for people to learn more about why certain
actions are important and how to get involved.

The Scoreboard is updated annually to display the new
GHG Inventory results, metric updates, and Move
statuses. Once Game Plan 2028 is adopted, the
Scoreboard will be updated to reflect the new Game
Plan Moves. The Playbook sections will be updated with
new goals and relevant information. Sunnyvale will
maintain annual updates throughout the
implementation of all five years of Game Plan 2028.

Along with the Playbook, Game Plan 2022 was adopted in
2019. It was intended to be a three-year Game Plan
implemented from 2019-2022 containing 46 Next Moves.

However, in 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic hit and
impacted City operations and life in a big way. Due to
these impacts, Game Plan 2022 was extended by one year
and renamed Game Plan 2023.

Apart from needing to pause Moves as the City adjusted
to the shelter in place order, the way that Moves were
implemented also changed. Many of the community
engagement or business community targeted Moves
were impacted. These changes have sustained
throughout the implementation of Game Plan 2023, as we
are only now starting to see what life post-pandemic
might look like.

Despite this curve ball, the City was able to achieve some major milestones! Some of the biggest accomplishments
include:
• Adoption of Reach Codes requiring all-e
lectric new
construction and increased solar and EV requirements.
• Adoption of area plans that increase diverse housing
a
nd multi-use buildings near transit, including the
Moffett Park Specific Plan
• Adoption and implementation of the updated Active
T
ransportation Plan
• Launch of the shared scooter program, Cool Cooktops
induc
tion loaner program, and Drive Electric program
• Increasing our electric vehicle fleet to 11 vehicles and 1 0 charging stations
• Installation of 12 DC fast charging stations in City
o
wned parking lots in Sunnyvale
• Completed the roll-o ut of the food scraps program to all multifamily dwellings
• Launch of the Climate Action Scoreboard
12 | The Playing Field
Game Plan 2023 Achievements
Attachment 2

Current Emissions
The Playing Field | 13
2021 GHG Emissions in Sunnyvale
In 2021, Sunnyvale emitted 688,738 metric tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e), representing a 31%
decrease in emissions below 1990 levels. On-road
transportation made up the largest share of Sunnyvale’s GHG emission in 2019 (43%) followed by natural gas
consumption in residential and commercial buildings
(36%).

By the end of 2021, 98% of Sunnyvale’s residents and
businesses were purchasing carbon-free electricity from SVCE. By reducing the share in electricity emissions, the focus is now on transportation and natural gas use. These two sectors make up 82% of Sunnyvale’s emissions. While we are driving more and more, we are doing so with less dependance on fossil fuels. EV and hybrid car adoption is on the rise. Although natural gas use is increasing,
Sunnyvale passed an all-electric reach code ordinance.

This will prevent new buildings from contributing to
natural gas emissions.

Off-road sector emissions increased over 300% in 2021,
due to an increase in the number of homes constructed in Sunnyvale. While this was an anomaly year, off-road sector emissions are becoming an important slice of Sunnyvale’s emissions pie. The Playbook update includes Play 3.4
Decarbonize off-road equipment and vehicles, to help
reduce emissions in this sector.

Implementation of Game Plan 2023 Moves for reducing
waste have helped keep the emissions in this sector stable.

Emissions from water, wastewater and Caltrain remain less than 1% of Sunnyvale’s community-wide emissions
inventory.

Natural Gas (commercial), 23%
Natural Gas (residential), 14%
On-road Transportation, 43%
Off-road Transportation, 10%
Solid Waste, 6%
Commercial Electricity, 4% Other*, <1%
Sunnyvale 2021 Communitywide GHG
Emissions by Source
*"Other" represents emissions associated with water and wastewater Attachment 2

Current Emissions
14 | The Playing Field
Lessons Learned from COVID-19
While 31% below 1990 levels is nearing our goal of
reaching 56% below 1990 levels by 2030, we still have
some work ahead of us. The COVID-19 pandemic caused
a significant drop in emissions in 2020. Emissions dropped to 44% below 1990 levels surpassing the state 40x30
goal. However, as expected, emissions began to rise in
2021 as COVID impacts lessened. We expect to see
emissions continue to rise in 2022 and 2023 as activity in Sunnyvale returns to pre-pandemic levels.

The biggest impact from the COVID-19 shelter in place
order was reduced travel. Transportation emissions
dropped 29% in 2020. As the shelter in place order was
lifted, emissions in this sector increased 10% in 2021. We expect this to increase again in 2022. Moving forward, we can look at pandemic outcomes like slow streets and
telework policies as permanent solutions to helping
reduce transportation emissions.

Forecasting from 2019
Both the 2020 and 2021 inventories do not represent a
normal year in Sunnyvale. The following anomalies
impacted emissions inventories in 2020 and 2021:
• Commercial electricity emissions were 0 in 2020 due to a reporting change. Commercial electricity emissions
went back to expected levels in 2021.
• Off-road emissions increased over 300% in 2021 due to increased construction activity in Sunnyvale. Off-road
emissions are expected to decrease in 2022, closer to
2019 levels.
• Transportation emissions were significantly reduced in both years due to the shelter in place order.

Due to the COVID-19 impacts as well as these data
anomalies, Sunnyvale’s 2019 Community-wide emissions
inventory was used to forecast emissions for Game Plan
2028.

City of Sunnyvale GHG Emissions and Targets
0 200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
-31%
1990 levels
(2020 goal)
State 2030
target
Sunnyvale
2030 target
Previous
2050 Target
NEW carbon
neutrality
target (85x45)
-44%
-26%
Attachment 2

Future Scenarios: 2030 and 2045
GHG Emissions Forecast
To understand the level of action the City must undertake to achieve the 2030 and 2045 GHG emission reduction
targets, it is necessary to consider how projected growth and state legislative actions will impact future GHG
emissions in Sunnyvale.

Sunnyvale’s GHG emissions are forecasted with a
business-as-usual scenario and an adjusted scenario. The business-as-usual scenario shows how GHG emissions
would change based on projected population, housing,
and job growth in Sunnyvale. The adjusted scenario
demonstrates how currently adopted state legislation
would reduce GHG emissions from the business-as-usual
scenario.

Key state legislation included in the adjusted scenario include:
• Renewable Portfolio Standard (Senate Bill 100 and
Senate Bill 1020)
• Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations)
3 • Advanced Clean Cars Program (introduced by the
California Air Resources Board in 2012)4
As shown below, Sunnyvale’s adjusted GHG emissions
are forecasted to increase through 2030 and 2045. This
growth is projected despite key state initiatives to make electricity, buildings and on-road vehicles less carbon intensive.
3The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards were incorporated into the adjusted scenario. The 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards were not incorporated due to lack of data made available by the State. 4The latest Advanced Clean Cars II regulations expanded the Advanced Clean Cars Program but were not incorporated into the adjusted forecast because the State has not yet updated emissions models with the regulation’s impacts.

The Playing Field | 15
1,004,194 MT CO2e
1,259,700 MT CO2e
1,052,263 MT CO2e
2019 GHG Emissions
716,382 MT CO2e
2030 Target
(56% below 1990 levels)
441,846 MT CO2e
2045 Target
(85% below 1990 levels)
150,629 MT CO2e
602,517 MT CO2e
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
2008 2019 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
Reductions Needed to Meet Target 1990 Baseline Business-as-Usual Forecast Adjusted Forecast Sunnyvale Target Pathway State 2030 Target (SB 32) Attachment 2

Future Scenarios: 2030 and 2045
16 | The Playing Field
Meeting the Targets
The figure below also shows the target pathway
Sunnyvale aims to achieve. Sunnyvale has adopted a
short-term target that exceeds state goals (Senate Bill 32) to reduce GHG emissions 56% below 1990 levels by
2030 (56x30). Sunnyvale has also adopted a long-term
target to reduce GHG emissions 85% below 1990 levels
by 2045 (85x45) to help the State achieve carbon
neutrality by 2045 (Senate Bill 1279).

The distance between the adjusted forecast and
Sunnyvale’s target pathway in the figure below
represents the GHG emission reductions Sunnyvale will
need to achieve through local action to reach the 2030
and 2045 targets.

Game Plan 2028 establishes the local actions that, once implemented, will achieve Sunnyvale’s 2030 target and
make progress on 85x45. While these local actions will
not achieve 85x45 alone, they will put the programs and infrastructure in place to enable Sunnyvale to reduce
future GHG emissions. For this reason, it is critical that Sunnyvale exceeds the State’s 2030 goal to set
Sunnyvale on a feasible trajectory to reach 85x45.

Future Game Plan updates will establish the local
actions that will help Sunnyvale reach beyond these
2030 GHG emission reductions to achieve 85x45. These
updates will be built upon the progress Sunnyvale
makes on Game Plan 2028 implementation, new
legislation actions the State establishes to reduce GHG emissions, and growth in GHG emission reduction
technology markets.

The figure below shows the GHG emission reduction
pathway that will be achieved through local actions
included in the Game Plan 2028. Once implemented,
these local actions will allow Sunnyvale to meet our
2030 target. The figure also shows the GHG emissions
gap remaining through 2045 that will need to be
reduced through additional local actions in future Game Plan updates.
2045 Gap
(266,717) MT CO2e
2030 Target Met
(58% below 1990 levels)
441,846 MT CO2e
2045 Target
(85% below 1990 levels)
150,629 MT CO2e
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
2008 2019 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
Reductions Needed to Meet Target 1990 Baseline Business-as-Usual Forecast Adjusted Forecast Sunnyvale Target Pathway Emissions after Game Plan 2028 Reductions State 2030 Target (SB 32)
Attachment 2

CEQA Streamlining
The Playing Field | 17
CEQA is a California statute that requires state and local agencies to evaluate the environmental impacts,
including impacts from GHG emissions, associated with
the construction and operation of new development
projects. GHG emissions have the potential to adversely affect the environment on a cumulative basis through
climate change. CEQA is designed to inform decision
makers and the public about the potential environmental impacts of proposed projects, and to mitigate those
environmental impacts to the extent feasible.

The CEQA Guidelines provide an option for new projects
to streamline the CEQA analysis of GHG emissions by
tiering off of a “qualified” GHG reduction plan. As a long- term programmatic plan that is implemented through
regular updates to exceed the State’s SB 32 GHG
emission reduction goal and demonstrate substantial
progress towards the State’s AB 1279 GHG emission
reduction goal, the Playbook has been prepared in
accordance with CEQA Guidelines § 15183.5(b) as a
qualified GHG reduction plan. Pursuant to CEQA
Guidelines § 15183.5(b), a qualified GHG reduction plan and its accompanying environmental documentation
are consistent with the criteria set forth in CEQA
Guidelines Section 15183.5(b).The table below outlines
the criteria Sunnyvale’s Playbook is consistent with and identifies the Playbook section or document that
provides a description of each criterion.

Because the Playbook meets these requirements, if
projects and plans within Sunnyvale are consistent with the Playbook, CEQA analysis can be streamlined by
presuming the project’s GHG emissions are not
significant. These projects and plans can utilize the
CEQA GHG Emissions Analysis Compliance Checklist to
demonstrate consistency in a streamlined process.

Projects and plans within Sunnyvale that are not
consistent with the Playbook, must complete a different assessment utilizing quantitative thresholds of
significance to evaluate GHG emissions impacts.

CEQA Criteria Game Plan 2028 Sections
A. Quantify GHG emissions, both existing and projected over a specified time period, resulting from activities within a defined geographic area.

The Playing Field - Current
Emissions
B. Establish a level, based on substantial evidence, below which the contribution to GHG emissions from activities covered by the plan would not be cumulatively considerable.

The Playing Field - Meeting
the Targets
C. Identify and analyze the GHG emissions resulting from specific actions or categories of actions anticipated within the geographic area (See Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast as well as Appendix X: Greenhouse Gas Forecast Report).

The Playing Field -
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Forecast
D. Specify measures or a group of measures, including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project-by- project basis, would collectively achieve the specified emissions level.

The Plays and Game Plan
2028
E. Establish a mechanism to monitor the plan’s progress toward achieving the level and to require amendment if the plan is not achieving specified levels.

Monitoring Plan
F. Be adopted in a public process following environmental review. Pending Adoption Consistency with CEQA Guidelines § 15183.5(b)
Attachment 2

Attachment 2

Photo credit: Alfred Leung
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
20 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Focusing Our Efforts
Strategies and Plays are critical to guiding Sunnyvale
towards our 85x45 end game. But what actions do we
need to take today to ensure success tomorrow?
This chapter identifies “Next Moves,” which are
specific, tactical actions to execute in the next five
years to ensure the right incentives, technologies and
infrastructure are in place to set us up for success in the long-term. Each Move corresponds to a specific
Play and Strategy.

The Moves in Game Plan 2028 are intended to help
Sunnyvale achieve our 2030 targets. The Moves will be
updated in alignment with department work plans
every five years, to ensure that climate action priorities are consistently and continually woven throughout City
operations. The City will review research and studies
on implementation costs for the proposed Moves.

Moves consist of one or more of the following types of
actions:
• Researching the viability of new ideas;
• Development of new policies;
• Implementing and expanding existing plans or
p
rograms; and
• Building partnerships with external entities to
ac
hieve common goals.

A detailed description of the Next Moves in Game Plan
2028 are provided in the pages that follow. A summary
view of the Next Moves is provided on from page 23 to

25. Photo credit: Felicia Kieselhorst
Attachment 2

Local Environmental Quality
Move improves air quality, water quality,
and/or open space amenities.

Health & Livability
Move improves physical, mental and
emotional health or wellbeing and quality of
life for residents, employees, and visitors.

Community Savings
Move provides long-term savings for residents,
businesses, or the City.

Partnerships
Move entails assistance from and coordination
with partner organizations or agencies, such as
SVCE and Valley Water.

Returning Move
Move is returning from Game Plan 2023.

The carbon savings potential for the Next
Moves is qualitatively described as follows:

Minimal potential
Uncertain impact. Move is
primarily informational or
educational (e.g., to develop
support for other moves).

Some potential
Move affects a small subset of
GHG emissions within a sector
(e.g., municipal operations).

Significant potential
Move affects a large portion
of GHG emissions within a
sector (e.g., incentives,
programs and services).

Maximum potential
Move affects GHG emissions
in an entire sector (e.g., all
buildings, vehicle miles
traveled (VMT), etc.).

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 21
Determining Carbon Savings Potential
The Next Moves were prioritized from our list of community ideas (see Appendix B: Ideas Roster) based on carbon savings potential and co-benefits to the community. Implementation will be led by specific City departments, in collaboration with other City departments or appropriate external partners.

Each Next Move includes an assessment of its carbon
savings potential, which is determined by the following two principles:
• Maximum Carbon Savings Potential. Each Next Move is
evaluated by its maximum potential impact to reduce
carbon emissions, regardless of specific levels of
implementation in the current 5-year planning horizon.

This approach is used to ensure that the implementation can be measured relative to the target for the associated Play. Therefore, the carbon reduction potential for Moves related to initial feasibility studies or planning activities is assessed assuming implementation of the activity.

For example, for Move 3.M Develop a Community EV
Readiness and Infrastructure Plan, the carbon savings
potential assumes implementation of a plan resulting in an EV adoption rate consistent with the measurable
target associated with the Play (i.e., 20% of all vehicles are zero-emission by 2030).
• City-scale Carbon Savings Impact. Each Next Move is
assessed by its potential to reduce emissions at the local- scale. Such emissions are accounted for within the City’s GHG inventory, in accordance with community-wide GHG
inventory protocol boundaries. These emissions are
currently tracked and will continue to be tracked on a
regular cycle to assess Playbook implementation progress and ensure Sunnyvale is on track to 85x45. Lifecycle- or consumption-based emissions are not accounted for.

For example, for Move 4.A: Implement campaigns for
waste reduction, the carbon savings potential is low
because emissions reductions from its implementation
occur upstream and are not included in the City’s GHG
inventory. Only a consumption-based inventory, which
evaluates the upstream impacts of all goods and services consumed by a community, would reflect the true carbon
savings potential of such a move.

CDD Community Development Department
DPW Department of Public Works
ESD Environmental Services Department
DPS Department of Public Safety
Co-benefits
Each Move also provides co-benefits as follows:

FIN Finance Department
OCM Office of City Manager
LRS Library and Recreation Services
HRD Human Resource Department
City Departments
Attachment 2

Game Plan 2028 At-a-Glance
Strategy 1: Promoting 100% Clean Electricity

1.A Continue to support and steer Silicon Valley Clean Energy (SVCE) in providing electricity from a mix of carbon-free and eligible renewable sources and decarbonization programs to the Sunnyvale community.

1.B Collaborate with SVCE to target Direct Access (DA) customers to shift to 100% clean electricity.

1.C Implement an Organic Waste-to-Energy program at the Donald M. Somers Water Pollution Control Plant.

1.D Continue to enforce Reach Code solar panel requirements and Moffett Park Specific Plan policies to increase solar energy generation and storage in Moffett Park and throughout the community.

1.E Collaborate with SVCE to evaluate opportunities for community-scale energy storage to maximize utilization of local solar supply and to enhance resiliency.

1.F Support a shared thermal energy system with energy storage at Moffett Park to serve as a potential model for other areas.
22 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

2.A Research and develop energy disclosure and energy benchmarking requirements for existing commercial and multi-family residential buildings to encourage property owners and managers to invest in energy efficiency upgrades and building information systems.

2.B Update the local Green Building Program by FY 2024/25 to incentivize energy efficiency measures and the achievement of net zero energy in existing buildings.

2.C Conduct a municipal GHG emissions inventory every three to five years and continue tracking measure implementation.

2.D Develop an engagement and incentive program to accelerate the adoption of all-electric appliances.

2.E Eliminate non-electric sources of power in municipal buildings upon rebuild or significant remodel.

2.F Develop and implement an existing residential building electrification strategy (RBES).

2.G Adopt an electrification ordinance for existing residential buildings by 2026.

2.H Conduct a study to evaluate the feasibility of adopting an end-of-flow ordinance for natural gas by 2045.

2.I Develop and implement an existing commercial building electrification strategy (CBES).

2.J Adopt an electrification ordinance for existing commercial buildings by 2026.

2.K Enforce the residential and commercial electrification ordinance compliance by developing and implementing a comprehensive permitting compliance program.

2.L Develop a Building Performance Standard (BPS) for existing buildings that requires electrification by 2030.

2.M Partner with Santa Clara County, Bay Area Regional Energy Network (BayREN) and SVCE to create community-support programs to provide residents the resources and utility rate structures needed to convert to all-electric, energy efficient equipment and appliances.

2.N Continue implementing and augmenting Reach Codes through a phased approach.

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use

3.A Identify areas that are most appropriate for parking strategies that discourage vehicle use, such as pricing, time limits and supply reductions.

Attachment 2

Game Plan 2028 At-a-Glance

3.B Enhance City Transportation Demand Management (TDM) program implementation and monitoring to facilitate further reductions in single-occupant automobile trips, citywide.

3.C Advocate that regional service providers implement high quality transit service and a robust set of first- and last-mile (FLM) strategies in over two-thirds of the cross-city corridors.

3.D Implement Active Transportation Plan (ATP) to achieve a connected, safe and active network.

3.E Continue to evaluate the potential for the shared bicycle and scooter pilot program as a permanent program.

3.F Pilot shuttle service in Peery Park and consider options for expansion of a similar service in other areas undergoing redevelopment.

3.G Develop design standards for streets and parking lots to accommodate increased pick-up and drop-off for rideshare passengers and apply as appropriate.

3.H Create a TDM program for City staff to promote alternative transportation modes and carpooling to the greatest extent possible.

3.I Establish and implement a plan to convert vehicle roadways to bicycle and pedestrian space to increase opportunities for active transportation in the community.

3.J Require employers with 1,000 employees and more to develop TDM Plans.

3.K Establish tracking metrics to evaluate effectiveness of various Moves' impact on VMT and a monitoring schedule to report progress.

3.L Continue implementing the Drive Electric Program and providing resources to assist and encourage community adoption of EVs.

3.M Electrify the Municipal Fleet as existing vehicles need replacement and install EV infrastructure (EVI) at municipal properties to support the electric fleet.

3.N Support the development of the Community EV Readiness and Infrastructure Plan and facilitate the installation of EVI.

3.O Partner with SVCE to strengthen and expand their incentive program for EVI.

3.P Create a phased ordinance by 2026 to ban local operation of gasoline and diesel-powered off-road equipment by type, including banning local operation of gasoline and diesel-powered small off-road equipment (SORE) by 2028.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 23
Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably

4.A Implement campaign for waste reduction.

4.B Conduct a pilot program with reusable foodware for dine-in and takeout orders.

4.C Comply with SB 1383 requirements to help the state reduce organic waste disposal 75% by 2025.

4.D Expand the City’s edible food recovery efforts to edible food generators beyond those required by SB 1383.

4.E Continue to implement the mandatory waste diversion ordinance requiring all residents, visitors and businesses to place their discards in the appropriate container (i.e., recycle, food scraps or garbage).

4.F Promote and seek incentives for making water conservation a way of life and set a water reduction target consistent with statewide requirements.

4.G Partner with Valley Water to evaluate opportunities to expand water reuse.

4.H Conduct a feasibility study to assess the costs and benefits of implementing Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) citywide and implement if determined feasible.

Attachment 2

Game Plan 2028 At-a-Glance
24 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community

5.A Pilot a targeted grassroots community engagement strategy to create stronger connections between neighbors to advance climate action and emergency preparedness.

5.B Create a stronger social media and web presence for Sunnyvale climate action.

5.C Continue implementing the Sustainability Speaker Series.

5.D Cultivate relationship between City and youth groups to engage students on climate, building on current engagement with school classrooms and green teams.

5.E Build relationships with largest employers to collaborate on climate action, such as: (a) engaging employees to participate in sustainability initiatives; (b) encouraging and facilitating investment in climate action programs or projects.

5.F Create demonstration projects within City operations to educate the community on ways to reduce emissions.

5.G Continue to develop and implement educational programs at the Sunnyvale Public Library that focus on environmental and sustainability topics.

5.H Continue reporting climate action data for the public.

5.I Publish annual GHG inventory.

4.I Implement a policy that prohibits installation of non-functional turf in new commercial construction.

4.J Streamline the permitting process for rainwater catchment, dual water piping and graywater systems.

4.K Adopt an ordinance requiring new construction to be built with dual plumbing, where allowable, in preparation for the availability of recycled water infrastructure.

4.L Continue to pursue recycled water expansion including advanced recycled water production.

4.M Implement the City’s Urban Forest Management Plan and continue to protect and greatly expand tree canopy.

4.N Implement the City’s Green Stormwater Infrastructure Plan.

4.O Update the City purchasing policy to be aligned with Playbook goals and develop an implementation strategy.

Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate

6.A Participate in regional forums on climate vulnerability and adaptation.

6.B Collaborate with Valley Water to advance a shoreline protection project with the US Army Corps of Engineers or other partners.

6.C Develop strategies and projects to restore, protect and expand our tidal/salt marshes and natural water ways to the Bay using as much of the dredged materials from the Bay as possible.

6.D Update existing emergency preparedness and response plans to address climate-related impacts such as heat events, air quality issues and flooding.

6.E Develop a community resiliency plan.

6.F Implement a Resilience Hub Initiative.

Attachment 2

The City’s Next Moves will focus on promoting programs
to increase the adoption rate of 100% carbon-free and
renewable electricity. In Game Plan 2028, this Strategy will focus on collaboration with SVCE on expanding
participation in GreenPrime and continuing the shift
towards 100% renewable electricity. Further, we will
also work with our larger local companies to encourage
direct access customers to focus on procuring carbon-
free electricity.

Finally, as electric loads increase due to the
electrification of transportation and buildings, the City will support distributed energy resources, such as
rooftop solar (PV) combined with energy storage.

Integrating electrified aspects of buildings, such as EV chargers, heat pump technologies, and PV will provide
opportunities for faster, easier, and more cost-effective conversion away from fossil fuels. A cleaner, smarter
electric grid will therefore enable implementation of
Strategies 2 and 3, and will more rapidly catalyze
movement towards our 85x45 end game.

Next Moves for Strategy 1:

Promoting Clean Electricity
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 25
Attachment 2

Play 1.1: Promote 100% clean electricity
Move 1.A: Continue to support and steer Silicon Valley
Clean Energy (SVCE) in providing electricity from a mix of carbon-free and eligible renewable sources and
decarbonization programs to the Sunnyvale
community. SVCE generates clean electricity for the
Sunnyvale community and is delivered by PG&E on their
existing power lines. Since SVCE’s inception, Sunnyvale has maintained a 98% residential enrollment rate in
SVCE, with 2% of residents choosing to opt-out. As of
December 2022, Sunnyvale has reached a 97%
commercial enrollment in SVCE. Maintaining an overall
rate of 97% enrollment will ensure that Sunnyvale
continues to benefit from the majority of the electricity being sourced from carbon-free power and eligible
renewables is critical to keeping emissions from the
electricity sector low. In addition, SVCE has supported its member agencies in decarbonizing the building and
transportation sectors through programs, policy and
grant funding. As the municipality with the largest SVCE customer base, the City of Sunnyvale will continue to
advocate for programs that incentivize high-impact
behaviors (such as installing electric heat pump water
heaters) and are responsive to the needs of Sunnyvale
residents and businesses.

Move 1.B: Collaborate with SVCE to target Direct Access (DA) customers to shift to 100% clean electricity. While most Sunnyvale residents and businesses have
traditionally purchased electricity from an investor-
owned utility, some large businesses have contracts to
purchase electricity directly from Electric Service
Providers. This allows these large businesses, that
typically have high energy needs, to purchase electricity at lower prices. While some of these large companies
have expressed a strong commitment to ensure
significant portions of their electricity is generated from renewable sources, others purchase electricity
generated from more carbon intense energy sources,
which generates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The
City has limited opportunities to identify and encourage these companies, called DA customers, to switch to
cleaner sources of electricity. With nearly 97% of
residential customers opting into clean electricity
provided by SVCE, the electricity sourced to DA
customers are now a larger source of electricity-related GHG emissions. With its status as Sunnyvale’s clean
electricity provider, SVCE and City staff can encourage DA customers to switch to SVCE’s 100-percent carbon-
Strategy 1:

Promoting Clean Electricity
free offering, or even opt up to 100-percent renewable
electricity, which would substantially lower GHG
emissions from electricity use in Sunnyvale.

Move 1.C: Implement an Organic Waste-to-Energy
program at the Donald M. Somers Water Pollution
Control Plant. Emissions from solid waste makes up 6%
of Sunnyvale’s inventory. A lot of this comes from
organic waste collected in the landfill stream. Currently, the Food Scrap Recycling Program diverts the food from
going to landfill from the Food Scrap bins and pales,
then converts it to liquid mash. The mash is used as
fertilizer to enrich soil and as FDA-approved
animal feed ingredients

5. The adjacent WPCP facility
utilizes anerobic digesters, which processes organic
waste in an oxygen-free, sealed tank. This project will utilize the food mash being produced at the SMaRT
station® as fuel for the anaerobic digestors. Those
digestors then produce methane that is captured and
used as fuel. Utilizing the WPCP’s anerobic digestors
would create a closed-loop system for managing food
waste in Sunnyvale and can reduce GHGs by processing
food waste locally and feeding it back into our local
systems as energy.

Play 1.2: Increase local solar
photovoltaics
Move 1.D: Continue to enforce Reach Code solar panel
requirements and Moffett Park Specific Plan policies
to increase solar energy generation and storage in
Moffett Park and throughout the community. The
Moffett Park Specific Plan
6 is an area plan for the
development of the Moffett Park region of Sunnyvale.

This plan was adopted by the City Council in July 2023
and will transform the Moffett Park region from a
primarily office use to a mixed-use area. The plan
covers 1,156 acres, aims to add 20,000 housing units
and will be an innovation and ecological district. The
plan sets goals and guiding policies for the
development of this area of Sunnyvale, which include
policies that require solar and energy storage.
26 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Play 1.3: Increase Distributed Electricity
Storage
Move 1.E: Collaborate with SVCE to evaluate
opportunities for community-scale energy storage to
maximize utilization of local solar supply and to
enhance resiliency. Energy storage plays a growing role in ensuring a resilient power grid, especially as
dependence on renewable energy increases.

Community-scale energy storage is a pooled resource
that supports community energy demand compared to
individual energy storage. Community-scale energy
storage could maximize utilization of local solar supply, smooth out electricity supply and demand discrepancies
and provide other benefits.

Move 1.F: Support a shared thermal energy system
with energy storage at Moffett Park to serve as a
potential model for other areas. Community-scale
energy storage maximizes local solar supply and helps
support a resilient power grid. In times of high-power
demand, thermal energy systems operate as a storage
method to reduce the load on the electrical grid

7. Shared thermal energy systems with energy storage
supports balancing energy demand and supply while
reducing peak demand energy consumption

8. Strategy 1:

Promoting Clean Electricity
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 27
Attachment 2

Impacts
Impacts
Strategy 1:

Promoting Clean Electricity
Play 1.1: Promote 100% clean electricity
TARGET:
• 2030: 100% participation in clean electricity
• 2045: 100% participation in clean electricity
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

1.A
Continue to support and steer Silicon Valley Clean
Energy (SVCE) in providing electricity from a mix of
carbon-free and eligible renewable sources and
decarbonization programs to the Sunnyvale
community.

ESD
● ● ● ● ●

1.B Collaborate with SVCE to target Direct Access (DA)
customers to shift to 100% clean electricity. ESD ● ●

1.C
Implement an Organic Waste-to-Energy program at
the Donald M. Somers Water Pollution Control
Plant.

ESD ●
Play 1.2: Increase local solar photovoltaics
TARGET:
• 2030: 3% of load from local solar
• 2045: 5% of load from local solar
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

1.D
Continue to enforce Reach Code solar panel
requirements and Moffett Park Specific Plan
policies to increase solar energy generation and
storage in Moffett Park and throughout the
community.

CDD
● ● ● ● ●
28 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Play 1.3: Increase distributed electricity storage
TARGET:
• 2030: 2% of electricity demand stored in batteries locally • 2045: 5% of electricity demand stored in batteries locally Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

1.E
Collaborate with SVCE to evaluate opportunities
for community-scale energy storage to maximize
utilization of local solar supply and to enhance
resiliency.

ESD
● ● ● ●

1.F
Support a shared thermal energy system with
energy storage at Moffett Park to serve as a
potential model for other areas.

CDD
● ● ● ● ●
Attachment 2

Buildings are long lasting infrastructure, and
development occurring in Sunnyvale today will likely
still be in use in 2045. As the City anticipates most of its land area will be developed by 2040, infrastructure put in place today will be critical in addressing both our 2030 and 2045 targets.

Sunnyvale’s all-electric new construction
requirements went into effect in 2021 (reach codes).

As such, this Game Plan focuses on electrifying
existing buildings to help further reduce emissions
from natural gas use in buildings. This includes
increasing building efficiency for extreme
temperatures and scaling up adoption of
technologies in buildings powered by clean
electricity.

The City will focus on moves that emphasize and
enhance energy conservation, establish policies or
programs to support electrification and facilitate
adoption of new building decarbonization technologies
for the largest uses, such as electric heat pumps for
water and space heating.

Next Moves for Strategy 2:

Decarbonizing Buildings
Sunnyvale will continue to enhance and update its
award-winning Green Building Program, using incentives
and codes to achieve greater gains in efficiency and
better building performance.

Success in this sector will largely depend on
collaboration and partnerships with community partners
like SVCE and BayREN.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 29
Attachment 2

Play 2.1: Reduce energy consumption in
existing buildings
Move 2.A: Research and develop energy disclosure
and energy benchmarking requirements for existing
commercial and multi-family residential buildings to
encourage property owners and managers to invest in
energy efficiency upgrades and building information
systems. Energy benchmarking collects data about a
building’s energy usage during a specific time period.

With AB 802 (2015)
9, energy benchmarking is already
required for large commercial and residential buildings above a certain square footage, but a local ordinance
(e.g., City of San Jose’s Energy and Water Building
Performance Ordinance
10; City of Berkeley’s Building
Energy Saving Ordinance11) would extend the
requirement to smaller buildings. Energy benchmarking
provides valuable insights for commercial and multi-
family residential building managers and property
owners with meaningful data depicting energy
consumption, allows comparison of energy usage
among similar buildings and helps the City potentially
incentivize energy conservation by customizing
programs that target areas of greatest need. Energy
benchmarking also informs and motivates consumer
demand for efficient buildings.

Move 2.B: Update the local Green Building Program by
FY 2024/25 to incentivize energy efficiency measures
and the achievement of net zero energy in existing
buildings. Sunnyvale’s award-winning Green Building
Program
12 has successfully facilitated sustainable
building design by offering compelling voluntary
incentives for developers, allowing more units or
increased square footage if the building sufficiently
exceeds the California Building Code’s minimum
environmental requirements. Continuing to update the
City’s Green Building Program with more rigorous
pathways to qualify for incentives will drive building
developers to further decarbonize to all-electric
designs. The program also incentivizes other
sustainability design aspects like cool roofs, bicycle
infrastructure, water efficiency, etc.

Move 2.C: Conduct a municipal GHG emissions
inventory every three to five years and continue
tracking measure implementation. The last municipal
inventory for Sunnyvale was completed in 2014.

Strategy 2:

Decarbonizing Buildings
Tracking municipal GHGs help Sunnyvale measure the
GHG reductions achieved as buildings are made more
efficient and energy resilient. By conducting and
publicly sharing the inventory, the City is leading by
example. Sunnyvale continues to renovate, remodel
and build new facilities as infrastructures age. This
inventory will help share the progress the City is making in reducing its own carbon footprint.

Play 2.2: Support electrification of
existing buildings
Move 2.D: Develop an engagement and incentive
program to accelerate the adoption of all-electric
appliances. Heating space and water in buildings is the single largest use of natural gas13. Installing electric heat pump water heaters and space heaters is one of
the most effective ways to transition away from natural gas towards clean electricity, provided by SVCE. The
technology has progressed for electric equivalents to
be as economically competitive and capable of
maintaining the same level of comfort as their
conventional natural gas counterparts. Partnering with
organizations like SVCE and BayREN to teach the public
about the benefits of electric appliances, while
simultaneously offering incentives to conduct these
upgrades, will accelerate adoption of all-electric
technology.

Move 2.E: Eliminate non-electric sources of power in
municipal buildings upon rebuild or significant
remodel. Natural gas use is the largest source of GHG
emissions in Sunnyvale’s building sector. Transitioning towards all-electric buildings far outweighs GHG
reductions achieved through simply improving building
efficiency. Thus, when feasible, existing buildings must transition to all-electric while simultaneously ensuring that newly constructed buildings are all-electric to
begin with. The Lakewood Library and Fire Station 2 are the next buildings up for remodel for City Facilities.

Lakewood Library’s will have an all-electric building
design and the Library is anticipated to start
construction in late 2023. Fire Station 2 is in starting design consultant procurement and the scope requires
it to be all-electric.
30 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 2:

Decarbonizing Buildings
Move 2.F: Develop and implement an existing
residential building electrification strategy (RBES). The strategy should be supported by detailed existing
building analysis and an electrification costs analysis to identify potential equity concerns and impacts. The
analysis should also consider how to engage low and
medium-income residents in electrification. The
strategy will consider financing program options to
support an equitable transition to all-electric buildings through additional incentives and rebates, no- or low-
cost on-bill financing and innovative public-private
funding models through partnerships with SVCE,
BayREN and PG&E.

Move 2.G: Adopt an electrification ordinance for
existing residential buildings by 2026. To be
implemented through the building permit process
which limits the expansion of natural gas infrastructure and is informed by the RBES. The ordinance can be
implemented through a phased approach and could
consider requiring replacement of HVAC systems, water
heaters, stovetops and other appliances to be all-
electric at time of replacement, upon major renovation
or at time of sale. This ordinance is intended to prepare Sunnyvale residents for complying with BAAQMD
Regulation 9, Rules 4 and 6.

Move 2.H: Conduct a study to evaluate the feasibility
of adopting an end-of-flow ordinance for natural gas
by 2045. Work with PG&E to identify opportunities for
natural gas infrastructure pruning. It will be critical as the City electrifies to ensure we reduce the chance of
stranded natural gas assets. There are methane leaks
associated with the infrastructure supporting natural
gas appliances. If not addressed, stranded assets will
continue to leak methane.

Move 2.I: Develop and implement an existing
commercial building electrification strategy (CBES).

The CBES will support the development of a
commercial building electrification ordinance. The
strategy will be supported by a detailed commercial
natural gas usage analysis, an analysis of potential
impacts to the local commercial sectors via direct
engagement to small and minority-owned businesses,
and an electrification costs analysis. The strategy will include a financing program to support an equitable
transition to all-electric buildings through additional incentives and rebates, no- or low-cost on-bill financing and innovative public-private funding models through
partnerships with SVCE, BayREN and PG&E.

Move 2.J: Adopt an electrification ordinance for
existing commercial buildings by 2026. Emissions from
natural gas use in commercial buildings has been
increasing over time and account for more than 20% of
Sunnyvale’s emissions. An electrification ordinance
implemented through the building permit process that
limits expansion of natural gas infrastructure and
requires appliance replacements to be all-electric where technologically feasible (exceptions can be made where
all-electric alternatives do not exist or are more than 100% more expensive than the natural gas-powered
replacement) can reduce emissions from this sector
significantly overtime.

Move 2.K: Enforce the residential and commercial
electrification ordinance compliance by developing
and implementing a comprehensive permitting
compliance program. Compliance programs may
include routine staff trainings, dedicating staff time to building inspections, charging fines for noncompliance, providing compliance checklists online and with permit
applications and facilitating permitting online. A
permitting compliance program is an enforcement tool
to make sure adopted programs are implemented.

Move 2.L: Develop a Building Performance Standard
(BPS) for existing buildings that requires electrification by 2030. Electrifying existing buildings is a critical
change to transition from direct combustion of fossil
fuels in favor of renewably sourced electricity. BPS
requires existing buildings to meet energy performance
targets. Move 2.A covers the research and groundwork
for developing this type of ordinance, as well as setting a program in place. A reporting program should be
developed and adopted prior to adoption of the BPS.

This will allow for outreach and communication with
impacted properties to be complete prior to the
adoption of the ordinance.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 31
Attachment 2

Strategy 2:

Decarbonizing Buildings
Move 2.M: Partner with Santa Clara County, Bay Area
Regional Energy Network (BayREN) and SVCE to create
community-support programs to provide residents the
resources and utility rate structures needed to convert to all-electric, energy efficient equipment and
appliances. Providing community support programs
through concierge services that may include free phone
consultants, virtual and in-person assessments, turn-key installation by a city-supervised contractor, low upfront costs, on-bill financing options and labor warranties will strengthen existing partnerships with SVCE and BayREN
while providing valuable resources for the community.

In addition, partnering with SVCE to develop an
equipment loaner program to loan out water heaters to
community members while they complete electrical
panel upgrades and shipping and installation of all-
electric equipment will encourage more rapid
conversions to all-electric equipment and appliances.

Participation in these community-support programs
could signify the initiation of the permit request
process. The City is supporting residential electrification transition through SVCE’s utility rate partnership and
the community-support programs.

Play 2.3: Achieve all-electric new
construction
Move 2.N: Continue implementing and augmenting
Reach Codes through a phased approach. Sunnyvale
adopted Reach Codes in 202114. These codes go beyond
the state requirements for green building and require
all-electric new construction and increased EV and solar requirements. The Reach Codes program is intended to
evolve over time to continue to support the transition
from fossil-fuel to carbon free energy. Moves 2.K and

2.J are being considered as part of future iterations of Sunnyvale’s Reach Codes.
32 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 2:

Decarbonizing Buildings
Play 2.1: Reduce energy consumption in existing buildings TARGET:
• 2030: 5% of existing homes and businesses receive deep energy retrofit • 2045: 30% of existing homes and businesses receive deep energy retrofit Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

2.A
Research and develop energy disclosure and energy
benchmarking requirements for existing commercial
and multi-family residential buildings to encourage
property owners and managers to invest in energy
efficiency upgrades and building information systems.

ESD
● ● ● ●

2.B
Update the local Green Building Program by FY
2024/25 to incentivize energy efficiency measures and
the achievement of net zero energy in
existing buildings.

CDD
●

2.C
Conduct a municipal GHG emissions inventory every
three to five years and continue tracking measure
implementation.

ESD
●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Play 2.2: Support electrification of existing buildings TARGET:
• 2030: 44% of homes and businesses completely electrified • 2045: 92% of homes and businesses completely electrified Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

2.D Develop an engagement and incentive program to
accelerate the adoption of all-electric appliances. ESD ● ● ● ● ●

2.E Eliminate non-electric sources of power in municipal buildings upon rebuild or significant remodel. DPW ● ● ● ● ●

2.F Develop and implement an existing residential
building electrification strategy (RBES). ESD ● ● ● ●

2.G Adopt an electrification ordinance for existing
residential buildings by 2026. CDD ●
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 33
Attachment 2

2.H Conduct a study to evaluate the feasibility of adopting an end-of-flow ordinance for natural gas by 2045. ESD ● ●

2.I Develop and implement an existing commercial
building electrification strategy (CBES). ESD ● ● ● ●

2.J Adopt an electrification ordinance for existing
commercial buildings by 2026. CDD ●

2.K
Enforce the residential and commercial electrification
ordinance compliance by developing and implementing
a comprehensive permitting compliance program.

CDD ● ● ●

2.L Develop a Building Performance Standard (BPS) for
existing buildings that requires electrification by 2030. ESD ● ●

2.M
Partner with Santa Clara County, Bay Area Regional
Energy Network (BayREN) and SVCE to create
community-support programs to provide residents the
resources and utility rate structures needed to convert to all-electric, energy efficient equipment and
appliances.

ESD ● ● ● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Strategy 2:

Decarbonizing Buildings
Play 2.2: Support electrification of existing buildings TARGET:
• 2030: 44% of homes and businesses completely electrified • 2045: 92% of homes and businesses completely electrified Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28
Play 2.3: Achieve all-electric new construction
TARGET:
• 2030: 100% all-electric new buildings
• 2045: 100% all-electric new buildings
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

2.N Continue implementing and augmenting Reach Codes
through a phased approach. CDD ● ● ● ● ●
34 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Next Moves for Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation &
Sustainable Land Use
Our Next Moves are focused on setting Sunnyvale on
the path to becoming a community that is less
dependent on vehicles. This includes encouraging large
companies to support alternative commuting style and
to support multi-modal transportation options that
connect to regional systems and destinations.

To achieve a meaningful shift away from single-
occupancy fossil-fueled vehicles, we need stronger
partnerships with regional agencies and must continue
to support increased funding for regional transit service providers to expand mobility options. Action in these
areas can help simultaneously plan for transit-oriented land use while reducing VMT, and can thereby reduce
carbon emissions. Locally, more first- and last-mile
options (like bikeshare programs) are needed to
encourage transit ridership. Additionally, the City will continue to improve and expand access to live and work
spaces, retail, and services by focusing on balanced
mixed uses in new or redevelopment areas.

Sunnyvale’s current development, while serviced by
existing public transit, still largely reflects a car-
dependent lifestyle. Dramatic changes to driving
habits and accelerated adoption of alternative fuel
vehicles will need to work in tandem to achieve steep
reductions in transportation emissions.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 35
Attachment 2

Play 3.1: Increase opportunities for and
encourage development of mixed-use
sites to reduce vehicle miles per person
Move 3.A: Identify areas that are most appropriate for
parking strategies that discourage vehicle use, such as pricing, time limits and supply reductions. In a car-
dependent community, it is critical to promote
alternative transportation while simultaneously
disincentivizing single occupant car trips. Limiting
parking is a common disincentive that decreases car
trips and is important for reducing GHG emissions from
VMT. This Move, when implemented, will limit parking
opportunities in the appropriate locations while
ensuring it does not create unintended disruptions.

Play 3.2: Increase transportation options
and support shared mobility
Move 3.B: Enhance City Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) program implementation and
monitoring to facilitate further reductions in single-
occupant automobile trips, citywide. A significant part of Sunnyvale traffic comes from long-distance
commuters. TDM describes the holistic approach by
which workplaces encourage their employees to
commute via alternative means, reducing employees’
inclination to drive. Existing TDM programs in
Sunnyvale have mixed results. Better monitoring is
needed to understand the effectiveness of current TDM
programs, monitor compliance and enforce TDM
requirements and implement regular data collection
procedures. This data will be used to develop new TDM
programs for residents and businesses.

Move 3.C: Advocate that regional service providers
implement high quality transit service and sets of first- and last-mile (FLM) strategies in over two-thirds of the cross-city corridors. First- and last-mile strategies help fill in gaps in public transit networks. They range from improved transit frequency, interconnected route
offerings and enhanced quality of local public
transportation. FLM strategies are expected to increase ridership and reduce the number of cars on the road.

Public transit will seem more attractive and viable in
conjunction with FLM options that help residents and
employees travel to and from transit stops seamlessly.

Though the City does not directly control public
transportation offerings within City limits, the
City can advocate to agencies like VTA and Caltrans for improved service. Further, the City can augment
alternatives for FLM mobility.

Move 3.D: Implement Active Transportation Plan (ATP)
to achieve a connected, safe and active network.

Transitioning away from car dependency requires easy
and safe travel via other modes such as walking and
biking. Thus, improving the existing bicycle and
pedestrian network will make walking and biking to
work, school and other local destinations more
palatable and lower VMT and GHG emissions. A
complete bicycle and pedestrian network will also assist with FLM and TDM efforts. This Move will be
particularly important for creating mode shift away
from personal vehicles.

Move 3.E: Continue to evaluate the potential for the
shared bicycle and scooter pilot program as a
permanent program. Increased access to bicycles and
scooters without having to purchase, maintain or store
them may increase the likelihood of residents not using a car for short trips. Bicycle and scooter shares
additionally help remedy FLM challenges. This pilot will inform the feasibility of a bike or scooter share program in select areas of Sunnyvale.

Move 3.F: Pilot shuttle service in Peery Park and
consider options for expansion of a similar service in
other areas undergoing redevelopment. Shuttle service
in frequently visited or major employment areas will
supplement and extend the reach of existing public
transportation offerings. The shuttle(s) would allow
more commuters and travelers to get around Sunnyvale
without a car, thereby reducing VMT and GHG
emissions.

Move 3.G: Develop design standards for streets and
parking lots to accommodate increased pick-up and
drop-off for rideshare passengers and apply as
appropriate. As transportation network companies
(TNCs), like Uber and Lyft, become more prevalent, they will continue to impact traffic and safety at pick-up and drop-off points. Accommodating the needs of TNCs in
the streetscape will minimize disruptions and increase
the ease of using these services. Although increased use of TNCs does not directly lower GHG emissions or VMT,
TNCs may provide services that make car-free or car-
light lifestyles more viable. Further, as TNCs electrify their fleets, GHG emissions would continue to
decrease

15. Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use
36 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Move 3.H: Create a TDM program for City staff to
promote alternative transportation modes and
carpooling to the greatest extent possible. Many City
staff commute to Sunnyvale from surrounding cities in
single occupancy vehicles. Providing a transportation
incentive program for all regular, benefited City
employees that use alternative transportation could
motivate staff to prioritize alternative modes of travel.

Using these alternative modes reduce transportation
emissions. Alternative transportation includes riding the bus, riding a bicycle, walking, ridesharing (vanpools or carpools) or a combination of these modes of
transportation.

Move 3.I: Establish and implement a plan to convert
vehicle roadways to bicycle and pedestrian space to
increase opportunities for active transportation in the community. Structural change to the vehicle roadways
will encourage alternative transportation use. City staff will refer to the Active Transportation Plan
16 to
determine priority roadways to convert to bicycle and
pedestrian space. Conversion options may include
buffer lanes, protected bikeways, trails, partial road
closures and paths that connect to active transportation routes.

Move 3.J: Require employers with 1,000 employees
and more to develop TDM Plans. This will likely require an ordinance to implement. The City will support the
largest employers in Sunnyvale to develop and
implement TDM programs to help reduce the incoming
traffic to Sunnyvale.
17 Currently, only new
developments and businesses in Sunnyvale are required
to implement TDM programs. TDM plans should include
subsidies for employees to bike, walk, or carpool, and
consider providing free transit passes for employees.

Move 3.K: Establish tracking metrics to evaluate
effectiveness of various Moves' impact on VMT and a
monitoring schedule to report progress. The factors
driving VMT reduction are parking strategies, transit
improvements, TDM targeting commuters, and active
transportation build out. Establishing tracking metrics and a monitoring schedule for these strategies will help ensure Sunnyvale stays on track and help inform future
Game Plan Moves.

Play 3.3: Increase zero-emission vehicles
registered in Sunnyvale
Move 3.L: Continue implementing the Drive Electric
Program and providing resources to assist and
encourage community adoption of EVs. EVs charged at
residential, office or public locations in Sunnyvale run on carbon-free electricity, which drastically lowers
transportation-related emissions. The City will continue to work with community groups and vendors to
accelerate EV adoption communitywide and improve
EV adoption for renters and low-income communities
through resources and incentives. The Drive Electric
program
18 educates the community on EV benefits and
incentives by providing educational events to help the
community experience the benefits, convenience and
incentives available for EVs.

Move 3.M: Electrify the Municipal Fleet as existing
vehicles need replacement and install EV infrastructure (EVI) at municipal properties to support the electric
fleet. The City has an opportunity to be a local leader in transportation decarbonization by updating its
municipal fleet to EVs. The City is committed to
electrifying its vehicle fleet as old fleet vehicles are phased out. The City will partner with SVCE to obtain
funding and technical support for enhancing public EVI
throughout the city. In addition, the City will leverage resources and information from sustainability networks, such as Climate Mayors EV Purchasing Collaborative, to
continue fleet electrification. The City will also monitor future potential for EVs to replace more specialized
fleet vehicles, such as trash trucks or police cars. As of 2022, Sunnyvale has replaced 11 fleet vehicles with EVs and installed 10 EVI stations for fleet vehicles.

Move 3.N: Support the development of the Community
EV Readiness and Infrastructure Plan and facilitate the installation of EVI. To support the development of the
plan the City will: 1) Conduct a survey of existing
publicly accessible EVI; 2) Identify a prioritized list of new locations for chargers with consideration for
equitable distribution to low-income areas and non-
single-family residents; 3) Quantify the number of
publicly accessible chargers needed to support a fully
electric community fleet in 2045; 4) Seek incentives and funding to support the EVI installation and work with
SVCE and other partners to expand availability of
funding for EVI. Begin implementation to install ~3,300 new publicly accessible chargers by 2030. City will also Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 37
Attachment 2

Play 3.4: Decarbonize off-road equipment
and vehicles
Move 3.P: Create a phased ordinance by 2026 to ban
local operation of gasoline and diesel-powered off-
road equipment by type, including banning local
operation of gasoline and diesel-powered small off-
road equipment (SORE) by 2028. SORE can range from
leaf blowers, lawn mowers, construction equipment,
etc. Operating a commercial lawn mower for one hour
emits as much smog-forming pollution as driving a new
light-duty passenger car for about 300 miles. Phasing
gas and diesel-powered SORE out with clean,
alternative equipment can significantly improve air
quality and reduce increased emissions from this sector overtime. The ordinance should include a requirement
for renewable diesel (e.g., RD99 which is a drop-in
renewable fuel and readily available on West Coast) for equipment that cannot be decarbonized. California Air
Resource Board (CARB) requires SORE
19 sold on or after
Jan. 1, 2024, to be zero-emission.

Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use
Photo credit: Felicia Kieselhorst
coordinate with PG&E and SVCE to understand
infrastructure needs and challenges to installing EVI.

Move 3.O: Partner with SVCE to strengthen and
expand their incentive program for EVI. In order to
push Sunnyvale to a 40% adoption of EVs by 2030,
the charging infrastructure will need to develop to
match the pace of adoption. Incentives, technical
assistance and partnerships will be key. SVCE
currently is offering assistance to businesses and
multifamily properties to install chargers. The City
will continue to support and coordinate with SVCE
to connect Sunnyvale community members to these
and other similar programs.
38 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use
Play 3.1: Increase opportunities for and encourage development of mixed-use sites to reduce vehicle miles per person
TARGET:
• 2030: 20% reduction in vehicle miles per person
• 2045: 30% reduction in vehicle miles per person
Next Moves Lead Benefits FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

3.A
Identify areas that are most appropriate for
parking strategies that discourage vehicle use,
such as pricing, time limits and supply
reductions.

CDD
DPW
● ●
Play 3.2: Increase transportation options and support shared mobility TARGET:
• 2030: 20% reduction in vehicle miles per person
• 2045: 30% reduction in vehicle miles per person
Next Moves Lead Benefits FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

3.B
Enhance City Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) program implementation
and monitoring to facilitate further reductions
in single-occupant automobile trips, citywide.

DPW
●

3.C
Advocate that regional service providers
implement high quality transit service and a
robust set of first- and last-mile (FLM)
strategies in over two-thirds of the cross-city
corridors.

DPW
● ● ● ● ●

3.D
Implement the Active Transportation Plan
(ATP) to achieve a connected, safe and active
network.

DPW
● ● ● ● ●

3.E
Continue to evaluate the potential for the
shared bicycle and scooter pilot program as a
permanent program.

DPW
● ● ● ● ●

3.F
Pilot shuttle service in Peery Park and consider
options for expansion of a similar service in
other areas undergoing redevelopment.

DPW
●

3.G
Develop design standards for streets and
parking lots to accommodate increased pick-
up and drop-off for rideshare passengers and
apply as appropriate.

DPW
● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 39
Attachment 2

Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use
Play 3.2: Increase transportation options and support shared mobility TARGET:
• 2030: 20% reduction in vehicle miles per person
• 2045: 30% reduction in vehicle miles per person
Next Moves Lead Benefits FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

3.H
Create a TDM program for City staff to
promote alternative transportation modes and
carpooling to the greatest extent possible.

HDR
● ●

3.I
Establish and implement a plan to convert
vehicle roadways to bicycle and pedestrian
space to increase opportunities for active
transportation in the community.

DPW
● ●

3.J Require employers with 1,000 employees and
more to develop TDM Plans. DPW ●

3.K
Establish tracking metrics to evaluate
effectiveness of various Moves' impact on VMT
and a monitoring schedule to report progress.

DPW
ESD
● ● ● ●
Play 3.3: Increase zero-emission vehicles registered in Sunnyvale TARGET:
• 2030: 42% of all vehicles on road are zero-emission vehicles • 2045: 90% of all vehicles on road are zero-emission vehicles Next Moves Lead Benefits FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

3. L
Continue implementing the Drive Electric
Program and providing resources to assist and
encourage community adoption of EVs.

ESD
● ● ● ● ●

3. M
Electrify the Municipal Fleet as existing vehicles
need replacement and install EV infrastructure
(EVI) at municipal properties to support the
electric fleet.

DPW
● ● ● ● ●

3.N
Support the development of the Community EV
Readiness and Infrastructure Plan and facilitate
the installation of EVI.

ESD
● ● ● ●

3.O Partner with SVCE to strengthen and expand
their incentive program for EVI. ESD ● ● ● ● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships 40 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use
Play 3.4: Decarbonize off-road equipment and vehicles
TARGET:
• 2030: 30% of off-road equipment and vehicles are zero-emissions • 2045: 75% of off-road equipment and vehicles are zero emissions Next Moves Lead Benefits FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

3.P
Create a phased ordinance by 2026 to ban local
operation of gasoline and diesel-powered off-road
equipment by type, including banning local operation
of gasoline and diesel-powered small off-road
equipment (SORE) by 2028.

ESD
● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 41
Attachment 2

Next Moves for Strategy 4:

Managing Resources Sustainably
Reducing landfilled waste, using water efficiently,
capturing carbon in the natural environment and
lowering the emissions intensity of the City’s purchasing footprint are all essential to Sunnyvale becoming a
sustainability leader. The City’s Next Moves will focus on expanding and improving waste diversion services,
adopting water conservation as a way of life, and
expanding natural landscape areas in the community.

Implementation of the City’s Urban Forest
Management Plan will not only help to sequester
carbon, but will also result in a more robust urban tree canopy that can alleviate the urban heat island effect.

Implementation of the Green Stormwater
Infrastructure Plan will help reduce the pollution and
promote the retention of rainwater runoff.

Photo credit: Emmanuel Piuze
42 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Play 4.1: Achieve zero waste goals for
solid waste
Move 4.A: Implement campaign for waste reduction.

The City’s Zero Waste Strategic Plan aims to reduce
waste generated in Sunnyvale. As of 2021, the
residential and commercial disposal rate is 3.6 pounds
of landfill waste per person per day. Consumer goods
require energy to be manufactured, packaged and
transported from where they are produced to where
they are consumed. These upstream consumption-
based emissions are typically not represented in the
standard communitywide GHG inventory. When less
waste is generated and sent to the landfill, fewer GHG
emissions are released. This campaign to reduce the
production of waste, particularly petroleum-based
waste, may include efforts to encourage the public to
reduce waste generation, reuse or upcycle everyday
items, spur producer responsibility for less packaging, advocate for legislative and regulatory actions at the
local and regional level and develop incentives and
disincentives to guide particularly impactful consumer
actions.

Move 4.B: Conduct a pilot program with reusable
foodware for dine-in and takeout orders. The City will
work with Sunnyvale’s food service community to pilot
reusable foodware. The pilot program will help inform
businesses of options for transitioning away from use of single-use foodware. These items use numerous
resources during production and disposal. The pilot will also inform decisions for an ordinance to promote
reusables rather than single use articles.

Move 4.C: Comply with SB 1383 requirements to help
the state reduce organic waste disposal 75% by 2025.

The City offers single-family and multi-family organics collection service. By summer 2024, the entire
commercial sector will have this service as well in
compliance with SB 1383

20. Move 4.D: Expand the City’s edible food recovery
efforts to edible food generators beyond those
required by SB 1383. SB1383 requires generators such
as grocery stores, large businesses and restaurants to
donate excess edible food to those in need. The County
has a contract with Joint Venture Silicon Valley (JVSV) to recover edible food for donation, and the City
Strategy 4:

Managing Resources Sustainably
currently is a part of the County’s regional food
recovery program. JVSV provides a local Food
Recovery Matching Tool21 to find services in the
area. The City will continue to monitor progress
and expand services where feasible.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 43
Attachment 2

data to customers on their water consumption and will
identify possible water leaks. By implementing AMI, the utility can detect water leaks, lower energy costs and
address our energy distribution. Addressing the City’s
vulnerability and reliability concerns need to be
prioritized as change in demands occur.

Move 4.I: Implement a policy that prohibits
installation of non-functional turf in new commercial
construction. As defined by the state, “non-functional
turf”
23 is solely ornamental and not regularly used for
recreation. It includes areas not in active use but still requiring maintenance, such as street medians and
office parking lots. Non-functional turf does not include sports fields or turf regularly used for human
recreational purposes or for civic or community events.

Replacing turf with drought-tolerant, native plants can reduce landscape water needs by 70 to 80% at
commercial sites

24. Move 4.J: Streamline the permitting process for
rainwater catchment, dual water piping and graywater
systems. Collected rainwater, recycled water and
wastewater from your shower, bathtub and washing
machine can be used for outdoor landscaping. Outdoor
water use can be the highest water use for homes in
Sunnyvale. Streamlining the permitting process for
water saving techniques will help residents save money
and water. The City will conduct outreach to notify
property owners of the streamlined processes. City staff will be trained so they are prepared to quickly and
accurately assess the quality of installations that may combine aspects of electrical, plumbing, roofing,
landscaping and construction.

Move 4.K: Adopt an ordinance requiring new
construction to be built with dual plumbing, where
allowable, in preparation for the availability of recycled water infrastructure. As the City looks for opportunities to expand recycled water infrastructure, buildings will need to be equipped to utilize the recycled water. In
some cases, this might require dual plumbing. The
ordinance should specify water efficiency design
requirements and landscape design plans as well as
irrigation system requirements.

Strategy 4:

Managing Resources Sustainably
Move 4.E: Continue to implement the mandatory waste
diversion ordinance requiring all residents, visitors and businesses to place their discards in the appropriate
container (i.e., recycle, food scraps or garbage).

Sunnyvale’s ordinances
21 achieve the following goals: 1)
Utilizing one hauler for recycling, food scraps, yard
trimmings and garbage services; 2) Establishes color-
coded and labeled containers in convenient locations
for patrons, employees, and residents; 3) Train and
educate tenants, residents, contractors and janitors
about how to properly sort waste; and 4) Sort waste
into proper containers. These requirements were
phased in over two years since Jan. 1, 2022, and include monitoring of contamination by the hauler’s drivers.

Play 4.2: Ensure resilience of water supply
Move 4.F: Promote and seek incentives for making
water conservation a way of life and set a water
reduction target consistent with statewide
requirements. California policy SB 606
and AB 166822
establish water use objectives, provide incentives for
recycled water and require water budgets. The policies
emphasize water conservation as a way of life. These
policies will require more reporting and more stringent water conservation targets over time. This Move
supports Sunnyvale achieving compliance with these
policies and preparing the community for the more
frequent and severe droughts expected to occur in the
region.

Move 4.G: Partner with Valley Water to evaluate
opportunities to expand water reuse. Expanding the
existing use of recycled water and exploring
opportunities for indirect and direct potable reuse of
treated wastewater at a regional level are critical to
long term water sustainability. Water reuse options
provide a sustainable supply source and also have a
lower carbon footprint than other alternative water
supply options like desalination. Sunnyvale will continue to explore partnership opportunities with Valley Water
to expand water reuse as well as look at options for
expansion within Sunnyvale.

Move 4.H: Conduct a feasibility study to assess the
costs and benefits of implementing Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI) citywide and implement if
determined feasible. This project will launch in 2023 to hire a consultant to assess the feasibility and cost for implementing AMI citywide. AMI will provide real time
44 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 4:

Managing Resources Sustainably
Move 4.L: Continue to pursue recycled water
expansion including advanced recycled water
production. Sunnyvale’s Clean Water Program Master
Plan update will consider how the Water Pollution
Control Plant can improve recycled water quality
through additional treatment upgrades. Sunnyvale’s
Recycle Water Feasibility study aims to identify new
recycled water alignments, expanding the distribution
network to reach untapped customers, thereby
diminishing dependence on potable water.

Furthermore, it will scout funding prospects from both
state and federal sources to support the recycled
water system's expansion.

Play 4.3: Enhance natural carbon
sequestration capacity
Move 4.M: Implement the City’s Urban Forest
Management Plan and continue to protect and greatly
expand tree canopy. Urban trees sequester carbon,
provide shade that can lower heating- and cooling-
related energy consumption in buildings, reduce
stormwater runoff, serve as green features that can
reduce flooding and provide an outlet to connect to
nature in an urban environment. Continuing to protect
and expand the tree canopy by implementing the Urban
Forest Management Plan
25 will improve both
environmental quality and quality of life.

Move 4.N: Implement the City’s Green Stormwater
Infrastructure Plan. Stormwater runoff from an urban
area like Sunnyvale contains trash, debris and
pollutants that are carried into the Bay. Green
stormwater infrastructure involves natural and physical treatments, such as permeable pavement, rain gardens
and bioswales, that reduce and treat stormwater at its
source. The City’s Municipal Regional Stormwater
Permit
26requires the City to develop and implement a
long-term Green Stormwater Infrastructure Plan to
reduce watershed pollution. Beyond reducing water
pollution and flood risk, many of the vegetative
features also increase carbon sequestration, thereby
reducing net carbon emissions.

Play 4.4: Promote awareness of
sustainable goods and services
Move 4.O: Update the City purchasing policy to be
aligned with Playbook goals and develop an
implementation strategy. To ensure that the City’s
purchasing policies and products align with the City’s
Climate Action Playbook and Zero Waste Plan, updates
to the purchasing policy may be required. This would
include guidance such as purchasing all-electric
appliances, reducing packaging, reducing single-use
plastic purchases, purchasing zero-emission vehicles,
etc.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 45
Attachment 2

Strategy 4:

Managing Resources Sustainably
Play 4.1: Achieve Zero Waste goals for solid waste
TARGET:
• 2030: Reduce landfilled garbage to 1 lb per person per day and achieve 75% diversion of landfilled organics • 2045: Reduce landfilled garbage to <1 lb per person per day and achieve 75% diversion of landfilled organics Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

4.A Implement campaign for waste reduction. ESD ● ● ● ● ●

4.B Conduct a pilot program with reusable
foodware for dine-in and takeout orders. ESD ●

4.C
Comply with SB 1383 requirements to help the
state reduce organic waste disposal 75% by
2025.

ESD
● ● ●

4.D
Expand the City’s edible food recovery efforts
to edible food generators beyond those
required by SB 1383.

ESD
● ● ● ●

4.E
Continue to implement the mandatory waste
diversion ordinance requiring all residents,
visitors, and businesses to place their discards
in the appropriate container (i.e., recycle, food
scraps or garbage).

ESD
● ● ● ● ●
Play 4.2: Ensure resilience of water supply
TARGET:
• Targets will be determined as per state requirement
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

4.F
Promote and seek incentives for making water
conservation a way of life and set a water
reduction target consistent with statewide
requirements.

ESD
● ● ● ● ●

4.G Partner with Valley Water to evaluate
opportunities to expand water reuse. ESD
● ● ● ● ●

4.H
Conduct a feasibility study to assess the costs
and benefits of implementing Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (AMI) citywide and
implement if determined feasible.

ESD
●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships 46 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 4:

Managing Resources Sustainably
Play 4.2: Ensure resilience of water supply
TARGET:
• Targets will be determined as per state requirement
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

4.I
Implement a policy that prohibits installation
of non-functional turf in new commercial
construction.

CDD ●

4.J
Streamline the permitting process for
rainwater catchment, dual water piping and
graywater systems.

CDD
●

4.K
Adopt an ordinance requiring new construction
to be built with dual plumbing, where
allowable, in preparation for the availability of
recycled water infrastructure.

CDD
● ●

4.L Continue to pursue recycled water expansion
including advanced recycled water production. ESD
● ● ● ● ●
Play 4.3: Enhance natural carbon sequestration capacity TARGET:
• Supports broader net carbon reductions
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

4.M
Implement the City’s Urban Forest Management
Plan and continue to protect and greatly expand
tree canopy.

DPW ● ● ● ● ●

4.N Implement the City’s Green Stormwater
Infrastructure Plan. ESD
● ● ● ● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Play 4.4: Promote awareness of sustainable goods and services TARGET:
• Supports broader emissions reductions
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

4.O
Update the City purchasing policy to be aligned
with Playbook goals and develop an
implementation strategy.

ESD ● ●
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 47
Attachment 2

Achieving Sunnyvale’s climate objectives will require
active participation from the whole community
including businesses, residents, community-based
organizations and all city departments. The City will
continue to empower the community with the
necessary information, incentives and tools to advance
climate action. Through partnership with our
community organizations and diverse leaders, we can
transform the buildings we live and work in, the way
we get around and the way we consume goods and
services. Effective engagement and outreach go hand-
in-hand with progressive policies and programs that
facilitate the decarbonization of our City. Our Next
Moves focus on working with neighborhoods, home
owners, corporations and their employees. The City will also harness the aspirational power of our youth to
expand awareness to our next generation.

Next Moves for Strategy 5:

Empowering Our Community
48 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Play 5.1: Enhance community awareness
and engagement
Move 5.A: Pilot a targeted grassroots community
engagement strategy to create stronger connections
between neighbors to advance climate action and
emergency preparedness. This initiative aims to bring
neighbors together at a very localized level to
strengthen community, advance climate action and
prepare for natural disasters. This initiative strengthens community, advances climate action and forms
resilience for natural disasters. Participants in other Bay Area communities with this type of program cut their
household carbon emissions by 30% on average

27. Neighbors learn about climate action behaviors
together and collectively shape a local ethic of
environmental conscientiousness and preparedness.

Move 5.B: Create a stronger social media and web
presence for Sunnyvale climate action. Sunnyvale’s
website and social media channels are effective
avenues to reach and communicate with many
Sunnyvale residents. Accessibility to information plays a large role in behavioral change. Sunnyvale’s social
media sparks discussions on climate action and
frequently reminds followers in an approachable way
about pro-environmental behaviors. Continually
updating Sunnyvale’s webpages and social media
accounts makes the City a dependable source of
information. By expanding existing efforts and creating messages in multiple languages, Sunnyvale’s social
media audience will grow, information will be updated
more often, and posts can be better catered to our
audience with more interactive media like videos, polls and livestreams.

Move 5.C: Continue implementing the Sustainability
Speaker Series. Since 2017, the Sustainability Speaker
Series
28 brings renowned experts in sustainability
research and policy development to share their ideas
and innovations with our community. Implemented in
partnership with the Sustainability Commission, each
event fosters discussion, brings the community
together and inspires individuals to take climate action into their own hands.

Move 5.D: Cultivate relationship between City and
youth groups to engage students on climate, building
on current engagement with school classrooms and
green teams. Youth are among the most receptive
populations to respond positively to calls for climate
action and influence their households’ environmental
behaviors. Educating the next generation of our
community to be sustainability advocates is important
to continue climate action going forward. To build on
current engagement with school classroom and green
teams on environmental topics, this program will
expand the conversation to climate action. The City
could begin with engaging the Library & Recreation
Teen Advisory Board and Teen Advisory Committee as
well as consider partnering with and supporting the
Silicon Valley Youth Climate Action group.

Move 5.E: Build relationships with largest employers to collaborate on climate action, such as: (a) engaging
employees to participate in sustainability initiatives; (b) encouraging and facilitating investment in climate
action programs or projects. The business sector is a
large source of the City’s carbon emissions. The City will partner with large employers to encourage employee
participation in sustainability initiatives and to seek investment in climate action programs or projects with
local benefits. Emissions from this sector can be
reduced by providing incentives to replace gas-powered
appliances, engaging with employees through training
programs and changing employee behaviors, such as
turning off lights and computers at night to commuting
to work via alternative modes.

Move 5.F: Create demonstration projects within City
operations to educate the community on ways to
reduce emissions. The new Lakewood Branch Library
29 will be a demonstration site for electrification. The City Hall building will also have community engagement and
education aspects. The City continues to lead by
example and should consider educational opportunities
in publicly accessible buildings.

Move 5.G: Continue to develop and implement
educational programs at the Sunnyvale Public Library
that focus on environmental and sustainability topics.

The Sunnyvale Public Library is a significant learning hub for residents and visitors. Expanding its existing services to include environmental education, speakers,
community workshops, and energy efficient loaner
programs are instrumental in reaching Sunnyvale’s
carbon neutrality goals.

Strategy 5:

Empowering Our Community
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 49
Attachment 2

Play 5.2: Track and share data and tools
Move 5.H: Continue reporting climate action data for
the public. The City publishes emissions reduction
progress on the Sunnyvale Climate Action Scoreboard30.

The City will continue to build on the functionality and storytelling components of the Scoreboard. To reflect
Sunnyvale’s progress towards our climate action
targets, metrics and data will be updated on the
Scoreboard annually.

Move 5.I: Publish annual GHG inventory. Updating our
community about our local GHG emissions on an annual
basis keeps the public informed, builds motivation to
expand on current progress and conveys the City’s
commitment to climate action. Regular updates that
parse out the GHG emissions associated with each sector also helps inform policy and programming decisions.

Strategy 5:

Empowering Our Community
50 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 5:

Empowering Our Community
Play 5.1: Enhance community awareness and engagement
TARGET:
• Supports all other Plays
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

5.A
Pilot a targeted grassroots community engagement
strategy to create stronger connections between
neighbors to advance climate action and emergency
preparedness.

ESD
● ●

5.B Create a stronger social media and web presence for Sunnyvale climate action.

ESD
● ● ● ● ●

5.C Continue implementing the Sustainability Speaker
Series. ESD
● ● ● ● ●

5.D
Cultivate relationship between City and youth groups to engage students on climate, building on current
engagement with school classrooms and green teams.

ESD
● ● ● ● ●

5.E
Build relationships with largest employers to collaborate on climate action, such as: (a) engaging employees to
participate in sustainability initiatives; (b) encouraging and facilitating investment in climate action programs or projects.

ESD
OCM
● ● ● ●

5.F Create demonstration projects within City operations to educate the community on ways to reduce emissions.

ESD
● ● ● ● ●

5.G
Continue to develop and implement educational
programs at the Sunnyvale Public Library that focus on
environmental and sustainability topics.

LRS
● ● ● ● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships Play 5.2: Track and share data and tools
TARGET:
• Supports all other Plays
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

5.H Continue reporting climate action data for the public. ESD ● ● ● ● ●

5.I Publish annual GHG inventory. ESD ● ● ● ● ●
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 51
Attachment 2

Next Moves for Strategy 6:

Adapting to a Changing Climate
As we continue to experience climate change impacts
in the Bay Area and worldwide, Sunnyvale will take
steps to better ensure our local community is both
prepared for climate disasters and, more importantly,
resilient to them.

Recognizing that climate adaptation cannot be
addressed single-handedly by one local government,
the City will focus on cultivating partnerships with
regional entities that are addressing adaptation and on enhancing its participation in regional actions.

In addition, the City will focus on short-term
preparedness measures our community can take to
resist climate impacts, while simultaneously identifying key future vulnerabilities and strategies to address
them in the coming years.

Photo credit: Ryan Ferrin
52 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Play 6.1: Assess climate vulnerabilities for
Sunnyvale
Move 6.A: Participate in regional forums on climate
vulnerability and adaptation. Climate adaptation efforts necessitate regional discussion to ensure actions
effectively and efficiently address risks and don’t place adjacent communities in greater harm during climate
disasters. Organized regional conversations on climate
adaptation are emerging, such as Bay Area Climate
Adaptation Network (BayCAN), Bay Conservation &
Development Commission (BCDC) and various projects
facilitated by the Association of Bay Area Governments
(ABAG), such as Silicon Valley 2.0. This Move positions the City to participate in these discussions, maintain
partnerships with key entities leading adaptation
efforts, and stay informed about latest climate
adaptation innovations and legislation.

Play 6.2: Protect shoreline area from sea
level rise and coastal flooding
Move 6.B: Collaborate with Valley Water to advance a
shoreline protection project with the US Army Corps of
Engineers or other partners. Valley Water (formerly
Santa Clara Valley Water District) began its Shoreline
Project in 2005, to provide sea level rise protection in Santa Clara County in partnership with the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the State Coastal
Conservancy (Conservancy). The first phase of the
Shoreline Protection Project
31, located in north San Jose,
has been progressing and recently received federal
funding for design and construction. In parallel, Valley Water prepared a Preliminary Feasibility Study for the
remaining shoreline areas, including those adjacent to
Sunnyvale. This study was completed in March 2017,
and USACE has received $500,000 in their FY 2019 work
plan to continue the work to determine the next phase
for project implementation. Sunnyvale staff has
remained engaged as a stakeholder in the project and
will continue to participate to advocate for a project to protect Sunnyvale’s shoreline.

Move 6.C: Develop strategies and projects to restore,
protect and expand our tidal/salt marshes and natural
water ways to the Bay using as much of the existing
dredged materials from the Bay as possible. Sea level
rise leaves the bay shoreline vulnerable to impacts on
our infrastructure, environment and community. To
expand the City’s resilience to the threat of sea level rise, strategies should be implemented to focus on
maintaining and increasing the depth of our water
ways. Strategies include using the existing dredged
materials and nature-based solutions to restore our
tidal zones and salt marshes that are natural barriers to sea level rise

32. Play 6.3: Strengthen community resiliency
Move 6.D: Update existing emergency preparedness
and response plans to address climate-related impacts
such as heat events, air quality issues and flooding.

While the City has emergency response plans for some
events like fire or earthquake, there are no community
specific plans to address responses to extreme weather
events, which may increase in frequency and severity
due to climate change. These include heat waves,
intense rainstorms, and flooding. This Move calls for
cross-departmental collaboration to expand current
community-oriented emergency preparedness plans.

This will aid response to such events, with particular
attention to vulnerable populations living in identified climate risk zones during natural disasters.

Move 6.E: Develop and implement a community
resiliency plan. Climate resiliency means that residents and businesses have proactively prepared for extreme
weather events such that they can withstand the
duration and aftereffects of the event. For the
community to be more resilient to extreme heat, rain
and flooding events, the City will develop a community
resilience plan using an equity lens to develop
strategies to help the most vulnerable populations be
prepared to weather the storms of climate change.

Move 6.F: Implement a Resilience Hub Initiative.

Collaborate with the community to create a network of
community centers, neighborhoods, schools,
businesses, places of worship and other trusted
community sites that are models for resilience and are
“ready for anything” (meaning better prepared for
natural disasters, climate change and other stresses in our community as described by the USDN and NorCal
Resilience Network)

33. Climate resiliency boosts local
capacity to recover and rebuild from natural disasters
and other emergencies. Resilience Hubs are
community-serving facilities that provide infrastructure, resources and supportive programming.

Strategy 6:

Adapting to a Changing Climate
Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 53
Attachment 2

Strategy 6:

Adapting to a Changing Climate
Play 6.1: Assess climate vulnerabilities for Sunnyvale
TARGET:
• No quantifiable targets
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

6.A Participate in regional forums on climate vulnerability and adaptation.

ESD
DPW
● ● ● ● ●
Play 6.2: Protect shoreline area from sea level rise and coastal flooding TARGET
• No quantifiable targets
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

6.B
Collaborate with Valley Water to advance a shoreline
protection project with the US Army Corps of Engineers
or other partners.

DPW
ESD
● ● ● ● ●

6.C
Develop strategies and projects to restore, protect and expand our tidal/salt marshes and natural water ways to the Bay using as much of the dredged materials from
the Bay as possible.

ESD
DPW
OCM
● ● ●
Play 6.3: Strengthen community resiliency
TARGET
• No quantifiable targets
Next Moves Lead Impacts FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

6.D
Update existing emergency preparedness and response
plans to address climate-related impacts such as heat
events, air quality issues and flooding.

DPS
ESD ●

6.E Develop a community resiliency plan. ESD ● ●

6.F Implement a Resilience Hub Initiative. ESD ● ● ●
GHG Avoided Local Environmental Quality Health & Livability Community Savings Partnerships 54 | Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves
Attachment 2

Attachment 2

Future Work Planning &
Resources
Attachment 2

Future Work Planning & Resources
This Playbook provides an overarching, strategic
framework for the City of Sunnyvale to achieve its end
game of 85x45. The City envisions that the core elements of the Playbook – the Strategies and Plays – will not
change as we progress towards our end game. The
Strategies and Plays will continue to be the foundation for Sunnyvale’s ambitious march down the field towards our
long-term targets.

As we live in an age and place of abundant technological innovation, we acknowledge that there will be future
technologies and creative innovations that we don’t see today but that will drive our society in the decades to come. With uncertainty in our political climate, inevitable changes in the City as an organization, our evolving
culture, and future policy changes from the state and
federal governments, it is impractical to forecast the
specific Moves to achieve all the strategies over a very long time-frame. Our detailed Next Moves, therefore, are deliberately intended to focus on a shorter time horizon so they can be meaningfully integrated into the business of the City and updated dynamically.

The implementation of this Playbook will occur in 5-year cycles from this Game Plan forward. All city departments will be responsible for incorporating the implementation of their designated Moves into departmental work plans.

At the close of each cycle, the City will review progress on implementation of all Moves across all departments and
on the future projections for community emissions in
order to determine the best Next Moves for the
subsequent cycle. New Moves will represent local
conditions of the time, build on progress to date, and
continue to advance assertively toward carbon neutrality.

An update on current emissions and on implementation
progress of the current Moves will also be reported to the City Council, Sustainability Commission, and the
community each year as part of a Playbook Scoreboard.

In order to align to the City’s annual budget cycle, Game Plan 2028 addresses implementation through fiscal year
2024-28. An update to the emissions inventory, based on community performance through 2026, and a proposal for
the next Game Plan will be presented to the City Council in late 2027 to inform the budget cycle for the next
implementation timeframe, commencing with fiscal year
2028-29.

For Game Plan 2028, staff has evaluated the resource
impacts across City departments and identified
resources needed for implementation. Some of the
Moves will be absorbed and integrated into existing
departmental operating or projects budgets. Year one
of this Game Plan consists of these Moves and staff
have continued progress on these with existing
resources while Game Plan 2028 was finalized and
developed. One-time costs needed over the next four
years of the Plan total $2.1 million which includes
consultant services, advertising, infrastructure needs
and one temporary position. Four new permanent
staff positions to implement Game Plan Moves are
adding approximately $800,000 per year in ongoing
costs. Game Plan resource needs have been refined
and finalized through the annual budget process,
approved by City Council on June 18, 2024.

One full-time permanent position and an additional
$310,000 was requested as part of the budget
process, but not approved. These additional resources
were proposed to optimally implement the Game
Plan Moves related to building electrification,
including some Moves expected to directly reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. The City will proceed with
implementation of Game Plan 2028 with existing and
approved staff and non-personnel resources and
return to City Council in future budget cycles if
additional resources are needed.

Game Plan 2028: Our Next Moves | 57
Attachment 2

Terms and Acronyms
40x30 State’s 40% greenhouse gas reductions by 2030.
56x30 Sunnyvale’s 56% greenhouse gas reduction by 2030. 85x45
ATP
AMI
85% greenhouse gas reductions by 2045; equivalent to “carbon neutral” Active Transportation Plan
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
ABAG Association of Bay Area Governments
BAU Business-as-usual
BayCAN Bay Area Climate Adaptation Network
BayREN Bay Area Regional Energy Network
BPS Building Performance Standard
CAP Climate Action Playbook (2019)
CAP 1.0 Climate Action Playbook (2014)
CAP 2.0 Initiative to Update Climate Action Playbook 1.0; Playbook is the product of the CAP 2.0 Initiative Carbon
neutrality
GHG emissions reduced by 85% from 1990 levels by 2045, with potential for remaining emissions to be addressed by carbon sequestration
DA Direct Access
EV Electric vehicle
EVI Electric vehicle infrastructure
FLM First and Last mile
GHG
JVSV
Greenhouse gas
Joint Venture Silicon Valley
MTCO
2e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric Company
PV Photovoltaic (solar energy)
SVCE Silicon Valley Clean Energy
TNC
TDM
Transportation Network Company (e.g., Uber, Lyft)
Transportation Demand Management
USACE US Army Corps of Engineers
VMT Vehicle miles traveled
58 | Terms and Acronyms
Attachment 2

References
1Assembly Bill 1279 (2021-2022). “The California Climate Crisis Act.” (https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1279). 2California Air Resources Board (2022). “2022 Scoping Plan.” (https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32- climate-change-scoping-plan/2022-scoping-plan-documents). 3California Energy Commission. California Code of Regulations. “Building Energy Efficiency Standards.” (https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/building-energy-efficiency-standards). 4California Air Resources Board. “Advanced Clean Cars Program.”(https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our- work/programs/advanced-clean-cars-program)
5City of Sunnyvale (2023). “FoodCycle: Food Scraps Recycling Program.”(https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/homes-streets- and-property/recycling-and-garbage/food-scrap-recycling). 6City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Moffet Park Specific Plan.”(https://www.moffettparksp.com/). 7Solar Hybrid Systems Design and Application (2021). “Solar Thermal Systems and Thermal Storage.” (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/thermal-energy-storage-system). 8Celsius (2020). “ Thermal Energy Storage.” (https://celsiuscity.eu/thermal-energy-storage/). 9California Energy Commission (2023). “Building Energy Benchmarking Program.” (https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/building-energy-benchmarking-program) 10City of San Jose (2021). “City of San Jose Municipal Code Related to the San Jose Energy and Water Building Performance Ordinance.” (https://records.sanjoseca.gov/Ordinances/ORD30550.pdf). 11City of Berkeley (2012). “Building Energy Saving Ordinance (BESO).”(https://berkeleyca.gov/construction- development/green-building/building-emissions-saving-ordinance-beso) 12City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Green Building Program.” (https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/business-and- development/planning-and-building/green-building).
13United States Environmental Protection Agency (2023). “Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data.” (https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data). 14City of Sunnyvale (2021). “Reach Codes Program and Implementation.” (https://sunnyvaleca.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4674906&GUID=7F251D1E-249C-4687-A183- D38314ECF525).
15California Air Resources Board (2021). “California requires zero-emissions vehicle use for ridesharing services, another step toward achieving the state’s climate goals.” (https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-requires-zero-emissions- vehicle-use-ridesharing-services-another-step-toward).
16City of Sunnyvale (2020). “Active Transportation Plan.” (https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/2844/637822670426570000). 17 City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Community and Business Profiles.” https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/business-and- development/economic-development/community-and-business-profiles. 18City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Sunnyvale Drive Electric.” (https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/your-government/city- initiatives/sustainability/sunnyvale-drive-electric).
19California Air Resources Board (2021). “CARB approves updated regulations requiring most new small off-road engines be zero emission by 2024.” (https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/carb-approves-updated-regulations-requiring-most-new- small-road-engines-be-zero-emission-2024).
20Joint Venture Silicon Valley (2023). “Silicon Valley Food Recovery Council.”(https://jointventure.org/silicon-valley-food- recovery-initiative/silicon-valley-food-recovery-council#frmt).

References| 59
Attachment 2

References
21CalRecycle (2023). “California’s Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy.” (https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/).
22City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Chapter 8.16 Solid Waste, Recyclable Materials and Organic Materials.” (https://library.qcode.us/lib/sunnyvale_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/title_8-chapter_8_16). 23State Water Resources Control Board (2021). “Assembly Bill 1668 and SB 606.” (https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/enrolled_ab1668_sb606.pdf). 24Valley Water (2023). “Water Restrictions.”(https://www.valleywater.org/WaterRestrictions). 25 Pacific Institute (2022). “California non-functional turf irrigation ban provides businesses an opportunity to step up on sustainability.”(https://pacinst.org/ca-business-sustainability-opportunity/). 26Sunnyvale Urban Forest Advocates (2014). “City of Sunnyvale Urban Forest Management Plan.” (https://www.sunnyvaletrees.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Urban-Forest-Mgmt-Plan-2014-Adoptied-9-16-2014- web-minimized.pdf).
27The California Regional Water Quality Control Board (2022). “Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit.” (https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/board_decisions/adopted_orders/2022/R2-2022-0018.pdf). 28Cool Block (2023). “Cool Block Pilot Results.” (https://coolblock.org/cool-block-pilot-results). 29City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Sustainability Speaker Series.” (https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/your-government/city- initiatives/sustainability/sustainability-speaker-series). 30City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Lakewood Branch Library.”(https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/business-and- development/projects-in-sunnyvale/infrastructure-projects/lakewood-branch-library). 31City of Sunnyvale (2023). “Sunnyvale Climate Action Scoreboard.” (sunnyvaleclimateaction.org) 32Valley Water (2019). “E7: San Francisco Bay Shoreline Protection.” (https://www.valleywater.org/project- updates/creek-river-projects/san-francisco-bay-shoreline-protection). 33NOAA (2023). “What is dredging?” (https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/dredging.html). 34NorCal Resilience Network (2020). Resilience Hubs Initiative. (https://norcalresilience.org/resilient-hub-initiative/).

60 | References
Attachment 2

Appendices
Attachment 2

Appendix A: Retired Moves
Attachment 2

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Electricity

1.C Research a mandatory solar roof ordinance for new commercial developments. - Complete, solar requirements were added with Reach Codes Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use

3.A Plan for additional housing, with the goal of diverse housing, to reduce long-distance commutes
- Complete, multiple area plans adopted in the last three years prioritized diverse housing near transit. Integrated into City planning process.

3.I Monitor autonomous vehicle testing and deployment to inform proactive policy. - Complete, the state is leading policy development on this and Sunnyvale does not anticipate needed local policy.

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

2.B Advocate to regional providers of energy efficiency programs (such as BayREN, Silicon Valley Energy Watch or SVEW) that their offerings are more aggressively promoted to Sunnyvale residents and businesses.
- Complete, integrated into operations and no longer needed to be called out.

2.F Investigate the potential for implementing a differential Utility Use Tax that is at least revenue neutral, such that local taxes on electricity are lower than on natural gas, to incentivize electrification.
- Dropped, after further research staff not supportive of implementing Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably

4.A Implement and expand food scraps diversion programs to include additional businesses and multi-family residences.
- Complete, food scraps roll out to all multi-family residences is complete and only a few businesses remain and will be complete in 2023.

4.B Consider solid waste collection and processing improvements to increase waste diversion away from landfills as a part of service provider and facility transition planning. - Complete, all major renovations and improvements and planned and budgeted for.

These will continue on an ongoing basis.

4.H Promote consumer awareness of sustainable food choices. - Complete, sustainable food choice awareness is integrated into messaging and outreach efforts.

4.I Work with large businesses to identify best practices for implementing local food gardens. - Dropped, the City will focus more on large business sustainability goals broadly. COVID- 19 pandemic changed the way and from where employee in the community work.

Game Plan 2023 Retired Moves
The below listed Moves from Game Plan 2023 did not continue on to Game Plan 2028. Some Moves were marked complete and therefore were no longer required. Others were not pursued for reasons that became apparent after the adoption of Game Plan 2023.

Appendix A: Game Plan 2023 Retired Moves | 63
Attachment 2

Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community

5.B Evaluate opportunities for the City to provide online resources and tools for community and small business climate action (e.g., resource center for retrofit electrification, online tool or app to track individual carbon emissions).
- Complete, SVCE launched the eHub which provides resources to assist with electrification Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate

6.A Review and summarize assessment products developed by the County’s Silicon Valley 2.0 project and by the State.
- Complete, the County presented on the 2.0 tool update and Sunnyvale staff utilize the findings within policy and program development.

6.D Identify shoreline protection solutions as part of Moffett Park Specific Plan update. - Complete, the Moffett Park Specific Plan was adopted in 2023 with considerations of resilience to sea-level rise and flooding.

Game Plan 2023 Retired Moves
64 | Appendix A: Game Plan 2023 Retired Moves
Attachment 2

Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

Ideas Roster
The Climate Action Playbook draws on more than 240 ideas, the majority of which were sourced from our community through the OpenIDEO online challenge and the large in-person community workshop. Ideas also originated from City staff, leading City best practices, as well as CAP 1.0 actions that were identified for ongoing implementation. This appendix contains the complete list of ideas evaluated for the Climate Action Playbook. Each idea is identified by a randomly assigned, unique Idea ID#. The Next Moves (presented in Game Plan 2022: Our Next Moves) were developed by staff drawing inspiration from chosen elements of these ideas, and based on their feasibility, cost, and alignment with the City’s overall goals and departmental programmatic priorities. The Next Move ID# is indicated where selected ideas from this list contributed to the development of the Next Moves for implementation by year 2020.

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
1 Continue to support and steer SVCE (Sunnyvale's community choice energy provider) in providing clean power for Sunnyvale's residents and businesses.

1.A
2 Target direct access shift to 100% RE 1.B
266 Organics to energy at Donald M. Somers Water Pollution Control Plant. 1.C 415 Work with SVCE to maintain a SVCE GreenPrime opt-out rate of no more than 3% in line with 2019 and provide educational materials to community members on available incentives and benefits of the program.

1.D
417 Implement policies to support the development of pervasive solar arrays in Moffett Park to increase the overall energy capacity of the planned new development.

1.E
5 Incentivize local solar, efficiency, and storage 1.F
419 Pilot a district thermal energy system with energy storage at Moffett Park to serve as a potential model for other areas.

1.G
3 Solar roofs: We need to require developers to install solar panels on all new office buildings, just like San Francisco, Santa Monica and Lancaster. 4 Require solar for new construction
6 Partner with SVCE to boost 100% RE participation
7 Pilot new technologies (e.g., microgrids)
8 Improve the Electric Power Mix
244 Evaluate the feasibility of adding solar panels to the WPCP pond (floatovoltaics) 252 Evaluate the feasibility of adding solar panels to the closed landfill 254 As part of the Cleanwater Masterplan we should look at opportunities to generate more electricity, minimize electricity purchased, and lower the peak load 259 Evaluate adding solar panels to water tanks
274 Homeowners with rooftop solar should be incented to put the maximum number of panels on their roof to generate more clean energy to sell to the grid. 276 Support for solar panels, even on apartments
278 Change Sunnyvale rules around solar installs, allow for off-grid installations with batteries (currently not allowed).
66 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
282 Green Electricity: Add incentive for 24x7 actual green electricity supply. So actual delivered electricity is directly green, not just gray electricity that has been greenwashed by purchasing a carbon offset somewhere else. Report results to each consumer monthly 283 Building Code: Residential roof (new or re-shingle) to move penitrations (e.g. vent pipes) away from southish facing portion to make clear space easy & less expensive for installation of more solar panels
285 Support alternative solar such as thermal and awning solar. What is lacking is true support with staff and vendors in Ground based, pole mount solar and awning solar mounting (not roof) and thermal water heater. City and its vested interest vendors are doing their best to impede my solar needs.
286 Encourage rooftop solar panel installations by various ways: attractive subsidies, buy back the excess produced electricity at a good rate. Sunnyvale is a very sunny city with many spread-out houses BUT with so few rooftop solar panels. 291 Solar PV should become required retrofit by 2028 for each existing residential dwelling, at least .75kW per bedroom, roof area and shading permitting. Micro-inverters should be required if shading is an issue.
312
More incentives and programs for residential and commercial solar systems. Ensuring barriers for manufactured homes and HOA communities to adopt solar are removed. 318 We should study Palo Alto's incomplete and bumpy ride towards banning gas leaf blowers, which will be banned in the whole state in 2024 with AB1346. The PA mayor has suggested having friendly letters for neighbors to print and hand out when they run into a home- owner which hires a gas-leaf blower to encourage constructive communication between neighbors instead of cops with guns.
321 I urge the Council to join other cities throughout California to urge the California Public Employees Retirement System to kill its fossil fuel investments. Put those holdings instead into sustainable and renewable holdings.
337 Streamline permitting for solar, battery storage, and electrification upgrades. 346 Carbon Tax. Implement a local carbon tax on 1) the direct access electricity component that is generated with fossil fuels (dirty electricity UUT), 2) gasoline & diesel sales, 3) natural gas sales (Utility User Tax increase), and 4) embedded carbon in new construction (Carbon Impact Developer Fee). Utilize the revenue to fund, finance or incentivize local electricity storage, low income home electrification retrofits, MUD electrification retrofits, and addition of EV charging to MUDs. Justification for the tax is to improve public health, support electrification for low and moderate income families, and prepare for an end of gas flow date.
353 Allow alternative solar installation methods such as ballasts and pergolas. 360 Offices usually use so much unnecessary energy, during Covid the most, with there being only a few people in the office, office lights remained on and even in the night. If we require tech companies to put solar panels on the roof of the building, it will be long term cost efficient for the company and save energy at the same time. 364 Turning off lights at schools during the night and add solar panels on every school building. 364 Turning off lights at schools during the night and add solar panels on every school building. 405 Partner with regional entities like SVCE to incentivize switching residential homes, multi- family homes and businesses from gas to all electric. Depending on where the valves are, and what would be most efficient, set target dates for gas system delivery shut off to neighborhoods and finally to the whole city.

Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 67
Attachment 2

318 We should study Palo Alto's incomplete and bumpy ride towards banning gas leaf blowers, which will be banned in the whole state in 2024 with AB1346. The PA mayor has suggested having friendly letters for neighbors to print and hand out when they run into a home- owner which hires a gas-leaf blower to encourage constructive communication between neighbors instead of cops with guns.
321 I urge the Council to join other cities throughout California to urge the California Public Employees Retirement System to kill its fossil fuel investments. Put those holdings instead into sustainable and renewable holdings.
337 Streamline permitting for solar, battery storage, and electrification upgrades. 346 Carbon Tax. Implement a local carbon tax on 1) the direct access electricity component that is generated with fossil fuels (dirty electricity UUT), 2) gasoline & diesel sales, 3) natural gas sales (Utility User Tax increase), and 4) embedded carbon in new construction (Carbon Impact Developer Fee). Utilize the revenue to fund, finance or incentivize local electricity storage, low income home electrification retrofits, MUD electrification retrofits, and addition of EV charging to MUDs. Justification for the tax is to improve public health, support electrification for low and moderate income families, and prepare for an end of gas flow date.
353 Allow alternative solar installation methods such as ballasts and pergolas. 360 Offices usually use so much unnecessary energy, during Covid the most, with there being only a few people in the office, office lights remained on and even in the night. If we require tech companies to put solar panels on the roof of the building, it will be long term cost efficient for the company and save energy at the same time. 364 Turning off lights at schools during the night and add solar panels on every school building. 405 Partner with regional entities like SVCE to incentivize switching residential homes, multi- family homes and businesses from gas to all electric. Depending on where the valves are, and what would be most efficient, set target dates for gas system delivery shut off to neighborhoods and finally to the whole city.
282 Green Electricity: Add incentive for 24x7 actual green electricity supply. So actual delivered electricity is directly green, not just gray electricity that has been greenwashed by purchasing a carbon offset somewhere else. Report results to each consumer monthly 283 Building Code: Residential roof (new or re-shingle) to move penitrations (e.g. vent pipes) away from southish facing portion to make clear space easy & less expensive for installation of more solar panels
285 Support alternative solar such as thermal and awning solar. What is lacking is true support with staff and vendors in Ground based, pole mount solar and awning solar mounting (not roof) and thermal water heater. City and its vested interest vendors are doing their best to impede my solar needs.
286 Encourage rooftop solar panel installations by various ways: attractive subsidies, buy back the excess produced electricity at a good rate. Sunnyvale is a very sunny city with many spread-out houses BUT with so few rooftop solar panels. 291 Solar PV should become required retrofit by 2028 for each existing residential dwelling, at least .75kW per bedroom, roof area and shading permitting. Micro-inverters should be required if shading is an issue.

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
68 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

282 Green Electricity: Add incentive for 24x7 actual green electricity supply. So actual delivered electricity is directly green, not just gray electricity that has been greenwashed by purchasing a carbon offset somewhere else. Report results to each consumer monthly 283 Building Code: Residential roof (new or re-shingle) to move penitrations (e.g. vent pipes) away from southish facing portion to make clear space easy & less expensive for installation of more solar panels
285 Support alternative solar such as thermal and awning solar. What is lacking is true support with staff and vendors in Ground based, pole mount solar and awning solar mounting (not roof) and thermal water heater. City and its vested interest vendors are doing their best to impede my solar needs.
286 Encourage rooftop solar panel installations by various ways: attractive subsidies, buy back the excess produced electricity at a good rate. Sunnyvale is a very sunny city with many spread-out houses BUT with so few rooftop solar panels. 291 Solar PV should become required retrofit by 2028 for each existing residential dwelling, at least .75kW per bedroom, roof area and shading permitting. Micro-inverters should be required if shading is an issue.
312
More incentives and programs for residential and commercial solar systems. Ensuring barriers for manufactured homes and HOA communities to adopt solar are removed. 321 I urge the Council to join other cities throughout California to urge the California Public Employees Retirement System to kill its fossil fuel investments. Put those holdings instead into sustainable and renewable holdings.
337 Streamline permitting for solar, battery storage, and electrification upgrades. 346 Carbon Tax. Implement a local carbon tax on 1) the direct access electricity component that is generated with fossil fuels (dirty electricity UUT), 2) gasoline & diesel sales, 3) natural gas sales (Utility User Tax increase), and 4) embedded carbon in new construction (Carbon Impact Developer Fee). Utilize the revenue to fund, finance or incentivize local electricity storage, low income home electrification retrofits, MUD electrification retrofits, and addition of EV charging to MUDs. Justification for the tax is to improve public health, support electrification for low and moderate income families, and prepare for an end of gas flow date.
353 Allow alternative solar installation methods such as ballasts and pergolas. 360 Offices usually use so much unnecessary energy, during Covid the most, with there being only a few people in the office, office lights remained on and even in the night. If we require tech companies to put solar panels on the roof of the building, it will be long term cost efficient for the company and save energy at the same time. 364 Turning off lights at schools during the night and add solar panels on every school building. 405 Partner with regional entities like SVCE to incentivize switching residential homes, multi- family homes and businesses from gas to all electric. Depending on where the valves are, and what would be most efficient, set target dates for gas system delivery shut off to neighborhoods and finally to the whole city.
312 More incentives and programs for residential and commercial solar systems. Ensuring barriers for manufactured homes and HOA communities to adopt solar are removed.

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 69
Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
9 Benchmarking Requirement: Require commercial properties to benchmark their energy consumption annually and require energy audits every five year with implementation.

2.A
Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
10 Energy Benchmarking and Retrofit Policy/Programs for Energy Benchmarking:

Characterize building stock and analyze feasibility for various energy efficiency programs per building type. Draft Energy Benchmarking Ordinance to improve overall system performance in the existing building stock and contribute to city-wide energy use reductions. Include stakeholder outreach, trades training and education, and prepare financing and incentive options. Establish energy score program and performance standards. Public awareness campaign and incentives for building performance.

2.A
273 Subsidized energy efficiency upgrades for existing homes such as insulation, dual pane windows, or appliance and HVAC upgrades. Ensure barriers for manufactured homes and HOA communities are removed.

2.B
246 Conduct a municipal buildings greenhouse gas inventory. Last one was conducted in 2014.

2.C
12 Outreach and Incentives for Electrification program (Heat pump water and space heaters):

Build atop city’s free energy audit program: launch a Score card program for single-family residents to track and reduce energy use; and include electrification incentives and options at time of audit.

2.D, 2.N
13 Pay for the Panel Program: Remove financial obstacles for the adoption of clean energy technologies.

2.D, 2.N
14 Kick Out Carbon: Develop and Publicize electrification Incentives. 2.D, 2.N 15 ZNE + All-Electric Incentives and Recognition program: While ZNE is mandatory for new construction in 2020, existing building stock will also need to be addressed to achieve GHG goals. incentivize and tell the success stories.

2.D, 2.N
16 Municipal facility leadership by example: Upgrade muni. facilities as ZNE demonstration projects using win-win financing strategy.

2.E, 2.N
250 Research and develop a financing method/program to support electrification of existing buildings.

2.F
290 Gas or propane fired space heating should be phased out by 2028, in favor of heat pump technology. Also, ICE-based vehicles should no longer be permitted to be sold in Sunnyvale after 2028.

2.G
388 Require electrification for any remodel involving more than 25% of home sq. ft. or any HWH, HVAC or kitchen replacement. Require energy audit disclosure/filing for every home/building at sale, with electrification required within 2 years. Sunset new gas installs by 2025. Shut off residential access to gas by 2030.

2.H
421 Develop a commercial building electrification strategy (CBES) to aid in development of a commercial building electrification ordinance with a detailed commercial natural gas usage analysis, an analysis of potential impacts to the local commercial sectors via direct engagement to small and minority-owned businesses, and an electrification costs analysis.

2.I
422 Adopt an electrification ordinance for existing commercial buildings by 2023 to be implemented through the building permit process, which bans expansion of natural gas infrastructure and requires appliance replacements to be all-electric where technologically feasible (exceptions can be made where all-electric alternatives to do not exist or are more than 100% more expensive than the natural gas-powered replacement).

2.J
423 Enforce residential and commercial electrification ordinance compliance by developing and implementing a comprehensive permitting compliance program which includes routine staff training, dedicating staff time to building inspections, charging fees for noncompliance, providing easy to understand compliance checklists online and with permit applications, and facilitating permitting online.

2.K
70 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

243 Gas Utility Franchise Agreements: Can the franchise agreement re-negotiation be used to incentivize/fund climate action goals. Enter into shorter term agreements to allow for future opportunities to reduce gas in cities.

2.L
426 Join the World Green Building Council's Net Zero Carbon Buildings Commitment by requiring all new residential and commercial buildings are net zero carbon (in terms of embodied carbon and operational carbon) by 2030.

2.M
334 Develop an existing buildings electrification strategy to analyze the existing building stock of the City, with a focus on low-rise residential, and identify a pathway for an equitable transition to all-electric buildings. This transition includes replacing natural gas burning appliances and equipment in existing buildings with high efficiency electric powered versions. See Berkeley's draft existing buildings electrification strategy.

2.N
11 Establish a residential energy conservation program that encourages or incentivizes homeowners to perform energy and water audits, with an emphasis on leveraging homeowner decision-making during home sale, purchase, and remodel. 17 Improve permit process and ordinance requirements: Maximize GHG reductions and coordinate improvement of permit process in accordance with new ordinance requirements such as Green Building Program Update or others. For example, expand the streamlined solar permitting process to include all rooftop solar project in the city (residential multi-family, commercial and industrial).
18 No New Fossil Infrastructure: City would not purchase new capital eqpt., permit new comm. or res. development, or implement infrastructure that directly uses fossil fuels. 19 Differential Utility Tax Rate: Work with other cities and PG&E to enable Sunnyvale to implement a lower Utility User Tax on electricity and to raise the tax on natural gas. 20 Evaluate and update the 2009 Zoning Code for Green Buildings for single-family, multi - family, and non-residential building construction and major remodels every three to five years.
21 Connect businesses and residents with rebate programs that give priority to appliances with smart grid technology.
22 Sunnyvale residents can get paid to save energy: OhmConnect is a free service in Sunnyvale that rewards you for saving energy when it matters most to the grid and the environment.
23 Identify businesses that are likely to be the largest consumers of energy within the city and target City outreach to these businesses.
24 Home Smart Track: A piece of hardware that monitors a user’s energy usage for smarter consumption through visualization of aggregated user data. 25 Home Energy Clock: A display, like a clock on the kitchen wall, that shows real time use of electricity, gas and water in kw, therms and cft plus dollars. 26 Free energy audit for home and building owners: Building and home owners will be offered free-of-charge energy audit to identify best efficiency opportunities. 27 Incentive-based policy for carbon capture and sequestration in building materials:

Sunnyvale should create an incentive-based approach to encouraging construction using building materials that sequester carbon.
28 Eco Housing: Convert the Sunken Garden golf course into a farm and eco housing condos.
29 GHG>15%! Replace risky, toxic, inefficient (10%Eff!) Fireplaces and BBQ with 80%Eff. NG sealed-safe FP-Inserts & 90%Eff. hot water heaters.: GHG>15% Replace smoggy 10%Efficient Fireplaces & BBQs with 80%E NG(Without Solar-PVC) fireplace Inserts and >90%E h
ot water heaters.

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 71
Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
30 Reducing Air Conditioner Use in Sunnyvale.: This proposal will consider strategies to reduce air conditioner use in existing buildings and new construction in Sunnyvale, including tree planting and shading of buildings.
31 One Stop Trusted Energy Shop: City energy consultants for residents and businesses for one on one help on implementation of solutions
32 Turn Lights Off: I turn my lights off as I use them, maybe the many office buildings who leave their lights on 24/7 could do the same.
33 Green Certification for businesses in Sunnyvale: Businesses can receive certifications that they are conserving energy to provide them incentives to do so. 34 Green lease program: City provides recognition program for commercial developers or building managers who offer green leases. Green leases allow developers/property managers to invest in energy efficiency features and pass on a portion of the cost to the tenants. Tenants, in turn, pay for the energy use and are motivated to save energy. 35 Revenue Neutral Carbon Tax on Natural Gas: Add carbon tax per therm to every SV user of Natural Gas which is used to provide rebates for switching to electric for space heating, etc.
36 Streamline Permitting for Carbon Neutral Building: Accelerate the update of carbon- neutral building.
37 Solar Hot Water: Make free non Co2 energy from the Sun. 38 Fast install solar: Modular, possibly prefabricated, standardized approach to solar installation.
39 Tours and Demos of Decarbonized homes/businesses: Once a year set a day where folks can tour homes + businesses that have innovated in reducing energy use & promoted low or no carbon tech.
40 ZNE New Construction Policy: Enforce compliance with ZNE New Residential Construction goals of 15% above Title 24 standards for single-family residences and 10% above for high-rise properties with accompanying solar mandates. Incentivize and recognize commercial ZNE.
41 Updated Green Building Code and Developer's Carbon Impact Fee: Utilize city's Green Building Code & impose Carbon Impact fee to encourage green building feat. that go beyond state's standards.
42 Require all new and resurfaced parking lots, sidewalks, and crosswalks to be made of materials with high reflectivity, such as concrete or reflective aggregate in paving materials.
43 Commit to using a warm aggregate mix for all asphalt patching, overlay, and reconstruction.
44 Adoption of CALGreen Tier 1 or Tier 2 reach codes.
241 Use eco-brick or eco-concrete.
242 Develop a plan to phase out fossil fuel infrastructure. 243 Gas Utility Franchise Agreements: Can the franchise agreement re-negotiation be used to incentivize/fund climate action goals. Enter into shorter term agreements to allow for future opportunities to reduce gas in cities.
245 Add electrification consideration into the purchasing policy 269 More incentives / encouraging for energy saving. More encouragement of electric vehicles (or bicycles or scooters). Run dishwashers and laundry on cold wash. Install better windows or solar shades that reduce need for heating/cooling 271 Change building codes to allow solar on manufactured homes 72 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

279 Incentive for light colored roofing materials. White or tan roofs will safe energy and reflect heat upward as the climate warms.
281 Building Code: Residential roof design to increase southish facing portion to promote installation of more solar panels.
287 Higher tax on energy to incentives people to be more mindful of energy consumption and conserve. I see so much energy waste among most households. Then the proceeds can be used to subsidize home improvements related to more energy efficiency, as well as rooftop solar panels.
289 Solar PV should become required for each new residential construction, at least 1kW per bedroom, roof area and shading permitting. Micro-inverters should be required if shading is an issue.
294 Starts family dwelling gas to electric. 1. On-site review of homes identify air leaks, insulation needs, lighting updates, etc.. 2. Provide incentives for transition to induction stove tops, instant electric water heaters, electric heating, etc. 3. Provide current status with cost trades for electric automobiles. 4. Update Sunnyvale electrical grid to reduce transmission loss.
299 Go beyond current reach codes in phasing out gas cooking. Ban the installation of gas cooktops in commercial and retail establishments. Charge a substantial fee on gas cooktops installed in residences. Use the proceeds to fund more Cool Cooktops (and maybe air quality monitors and thermal imagers) for Library patrons to check out
304 Promote heat pump HVAC units
309 Encourage more free energy audits at home
314 No new residential buildings with fossil-fuel appliances 323 Whenever SVCE makes a menu of model policies available for decarbonizing buildings (e.g. Reach Codes 2.0), commit to implementing the most aggressive option(s) available from that menu.
324 Identify criteria (market readiness, equity, etc.) for implementing an "electrify on burnout" ordinance for natural gas appliances, and pass such an ordinance including mechanism for regular review of the criteria until they are met and the ordinance can go into effect.
325 Implement a revenue-positive differential Utility Use Tax, with new revenue dedicated to decarbonization programs focused on electrification for low-income residents.
334 Develop an existing buildings electrification strategy to analyze the existing building stock of the City, with a focus on low-rise residential, and identify a pathway for an equitable transition to all-electric buildings. This transition includes replacing natural gas burning appliances and equipment in existing buildings with high efficiency electric powered versions. See Berkeley's draft existing buildings electrification strategy.
340 Expand the reach code to include existing buildings. Consider building standards for utilizing low carbon materials in construction
347 Support electrification of existing homes and businesses at sale. Rebates and incentives in Game Plan 2028 will likely not be enough to get on track to achieve the goal of 20% of homes and businesses completely electrified by 2030. Some combination of mandatory measures such as 'replace on burnout', 'electrify upon sale', or require electrifying any appliance touched by any size remodel or Tenant Improvement, will be needed. Equity supports for low and medium income should be implemented.

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 73
Attachment 2

347 This may include funding for direct installation of heat pumps and electric panel improvements, no or low-cost on-bill financing for electrification, and innovative public-private funding models. Other policy possibilities include: a) prohibit any all-electric property from connecting to a gas line, b) require any new air conditioning to be two-way (heat pump that can both heat and cool). Before 2028 there will likely be regional (BAAQMD) or statewide restrictions on purchasing appliances or systems running on natural gas. Beginning this transition now will allow contractors to train their workforce and gain experience in replacing gas appliances with electric ones.
348 Set an 'end of gas flow' date for the city- not later than 2045 when 'carbon neutrality' is supposed to be achieved statewide. This is an important signal to send to residents and businesses since gas powered appliances that are installed today may still be functioning in 2045. Develop a plan to phase out fossil fuels infrastructure.
354 Incentivize building denser housing - there are too many single family homes in Sunnyvale. I would love to see more mixed-zoned neighborhoods, with things like small community corner stores with apartments on top. This would get people closer to things they need, so they will be able to walk more and drive less. 367 It is important to create incentives to promote the decarbonization of buildings and to encourage people to use less energy—such as using OhmConnect to pay residents for saving energy, using a Home Energy clock, etc. 371 Develop an all-out campaign on the benefits of building electrification, switching from burning methane to electricity displays in the permit shop, library, rec center, and city hall; social media; Library speakers; tabling at farmers market and city events; art contests; utility bill inserts; articles in the Quarterly; newspaper and bus ads, presentations to school kids, Scouts, realtors, HOAs 384 Ban all future natural gas hookups. Induction cooktops work just as well as gas.

Heat pump water and air heaters work just as well. This is not a hardship. Climate Change is real and happening very fast while we dicker. 386 Establish specific, aggressive goals and actions, with continuous measurements, metrics and action adjustments, so most SV homes and commercial establishments are electrified by 2030, starting with an aggressive program with outreach and code changes over time directed at phasing out gas and replacing existing HWHs since gas HWH's generate half of the carbon footprint in the typical home. 387 Sunset gas HWH/furnace/stove top replacements/installation by 2025. Establish a program for residents to proactively replace their HWH (taking advantage of SVCE and other rebates/resources). Establish a training/promotion program with local suppliers/installers re: HWH heat pumps with an expedited permitting process.

Game-ify/publicize goals/achievement by neighborhood and commercial buildings. 390 Require all new developments to use sustainable HVAC refrigerants. Some refrigerant fluids are strong GHGs when they leak into the atmosphere. We should be requiring/incentivizing developers to only use sustainable refrigerants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerant
399 Barber hair clippings collection for oil catching looms to line storm drains to prevent pollution going into waterways.
400 More aid to transition older homes to electric stoves and water heaters. This will also reduce gas-related sickness in homes, as well as be more eco-friendly.

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
74 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
45 Promote Medium Density Housing Options in Existing Neighborhoods to Help Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled: Enact policies to promote infill development at modestly higher dens. than existing neighborhoods, house more people in SV to reduce VMT.

3.A
46 Facilitate the development of affordable housing near transit. 3.A 47 Sunnyvale Employees live here: Sunnyvale Employees become residents to reduce mobile traffic. This will also maximize their community involvement and cohesion.

3.A
48 Reform Residential Minimum Parking Requirements to Reduce VMT by Allowing More People to Live in Sunnyvale Near Jobs: Update Municipal Code to relax reqs. for dwellings to provide min. number of parking spaces, to support car-light lifestyles & reduce VMT.

3.B
49 Create maximum parking requirements and reduce minimum parking requirements for mixed-use development. Require parking lot sharing for mixed-use or commercial development with complementary hours of operation

3.B
50 Support car light lifestyles with limited parking supply lower vehicle ownership. Actively manage parking supply with parking pricing and unbundled parking

3.B
51 Let's get serious about Transportation Demand Management & Fair Value Commuting:

Reduce SOV trips in commuting by strengthening TDM policies, "carrot/stick" commute clubs & community shuttles.

3.C
52 Transportation Demand Management strategies are implemented, mandated, enforced, and promoted actively, and used widely by everyone in Sunnyvale

3.C
53 Promote telecommuting to decrease solo drivers during commute time periods.

Leverage technology to decrease need for driving and increase public/ride-sharing travel options

3.C
54 Require trip reduction programs in new residential, commercial, and mixed use development.

3.C
55 Require existing and future major employers to utilize a variety of transportation demand management (TDM) measures such as flexible work schedules, telecommuting, guaranteed rides home, low- or no-cost transit passes, parking "cash-out" incentives, and other programs that provide employees with alternatives to single-occupant commutes

3.C
56 I
mplement high quality transit service and a robust set of first/last mile strategies for at least two-thirds of the cross-city corridors

3.D
Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
401 One idea is requiring larger commercial buildings to be powered by at least (for example) 25% solar electricity (or wind, but there isn't much wind in Sunnyvale :).

This should also be required for newly constructed houses or apartment buildings in the area too, so the public will be more involved in this effort. 412 Incentivize re-piping and submetering for multi-family buildings with shared plumbing. Communal water usage is very difficult to control as people don’t directly feel the pain of over usage. Grants or even low interest loans would be fantastic.
424 Electrify the Sunnyvale's Below Market Rate (BMR) housing stock at a neighborhood level by 2040. Establish a plan and schedule for implementing this action by 2024. Develop a Building Performance Standard for existing buildings that requires electrification by 2030.
425 Conduct periodic cost studies and direct engagement to restaurants to minimize exemptions upon readoption of the new building electrification ordinance each code cycle.

Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 75
Attachment 2

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
57 Advocate for transit service improvements by area transit providers consistent with established performance standards, with an emphasis on coordinating public transit schedules and connections and for subsidies for a higher level of transit service and/or more transit passes for residents and/or employees

3.D
58 Coordinate Connections to Mass Transit: Create a simple way for employers to coordinate getting employees to and from mass transit, to reduce car commutes to and from Sunnyvale.

3.D
59 Fully fund the City’s bicycle and pedestrian improvement plans for completion by 2035. 3.E 60 Improve bicycle facilities and perceptions of comfort through pavement marking/coloring, physical separation specialized signs and markings, and other design elements

3.E
61 Implement projects and programs to improve the safety of cyclists and pedestrians through increased enforcement of pedestrian right-of-way laws, removing crossing impediments, improving crossing time at signalized intersections for pedestrians and cyclists, requiring drive-through food establishments to serve bicyclists, and providing center refuge areas for pedestrians and bicyclists to pause when crossing arterials

3.E
62 Support the creation of walking school bus programs in coordination with schools and parent organizations.

3.E
63 Continue to implement a Safe Routes to School program for increased bicycle and pedestrian safety to and from schools

3.E
64 Improve pedestrian safety and comfort through design elements such as landscaped medians, pedestrian level amenities, sidewalk improvements, and compliance with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) design standards, particularly for areas serving high volumes of traffic

3.E
65 Complete and connect low stress bicycle network in Sunnyvale: Best way to get people out of cars is to create easily accessed bike lanes and separate routes in a comprehensive cross-city network.

3.E
66 Fully implement bicycle and pedestrian projects throughout Sunnyvale to achieve a connected safe active network

3.E
67 Dockless Bicycle System For Better Transit Access: Provide means for citizens to travel to transit stops using city sponsored dockless bicycle system, for boarding transit instead of driving.

3.F
68 Support business efforts to plan and implement a bike-sharing program for major commercial and industrial areas

3.F
69 E-sh
uttle (electric) bus to move staff and employees around City: A free shuttle bus that moved people to major work hubs like Moffet Park would cut down on vehicles moving in directions where public transportation modes currently don't exist. Providing free or cheap transportation, WIFI, bike racks and regularly scheduled buses could reduce some of the traffic impacts. A mobile app showing the bus schedule could be created as well.

3.G
70 Free or Reduced Cost Green Shuttle: A shuttle (electric) bus from specific locations (City Hall, downtown) to Moffett Park or other business heavy areas!

3.G
71 Design streets and parking lots to accommodate increased pick-up and drop-off passenger and commercial demand

3.H
72 Create separate facilities and/or road pricing or priority schemes for autonomous vehicles and/or HOV, or Paid Express Lane

3.I
73 Determine if a cap on number of lanes or areas available to autonomous vehicles is appropriate

3.I
76 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
74 Sunnyvale Spice and Slice: Food festival and expo featuring locally grown food where Sunnyvale cooks and gardeners show off their skills and compete for fun.

3.I
75 Local food promotion 3.I
76 Rooftop gardens in Sunnyvale: We can plant rooftop gardens on some public or private buildings in Sunnyvale.

3.I
77 Support the conversion to a clean vehicle fleet with supporting infrastructure and incentives for individuals

3.J
78 Implement Policies to Accelerate EVI Installation Throughout Sunnyvale: Implement required strategies for accelerating EV Charging Infrastructure (EVCI) install. based on Palo Alto & related recommendations from PAEC.

3.J, 3.K
413 Secure funding to install electric vehicle recharging stations or other alternative fuel vehicle support infrastructure in existing public and private parking lots.

3.J
80 Sunnyvale Goes EV!: Educate and support Sunnyvale residents in the biggest action they can take to reduce their carbon emissions: driving electric!.

3.K
81 Sunnyvale EV mobility or Zero-Emission Fleet: Convert city vehicles to EV and install proper infrastructure.

3.L
82 Increase the number of efficient or alternatively fueled vehicles in the City fleet as vehicles are turned over

3.L
83 Solar on DPS covered parking and EVs/plug-in hybrid vehicles for DPS 3.L 311 More public charging stations for EV, especially for non-single family residents. 3.M 345 Partner with SVCE to strengthen and expand their incentive program for EVI. 3.N 442 Create a phased ordinance by 2024 to ban local operation of gasoline and diesel- powered off-road equipment by type, including banning local operation of gasoline and diesel-powered small off-road equipment (SORE) by 2028.

3.O
84 Integrated housing at job centers: Require job centers (business parks, corporate campuses) to provide on-site housing for employees.
85 Create walkable and bikeable neighborhoods with a diversity of services and entertainment options, and a diverse mix of residential and office development types. 86 Require new development to reduce the need for external trips by providing useful services/facilities on-site such as an ATM, vehicle refueling, shopping 87 Continue to plan for most new residential, commercial and industrial developments to be developed in specific plan areas, near transit, and close to employment and activity centers.
88 E ncourage the establishment and even distribution of neighborhood-serving facilities such as day care providers, banking/ATM locations, markets and drug stores in existing residential, commercial, and industrial areas in order to reduce the need for vehicle trips 89 The Urban Village: Live without driving (except maybe work). 90 Support on-demand ridesharing services that provide point-to-point access for all community members, especially the elderly, children, and the disabled 91 Prepare for what is now parking to become available and design any future urban parking facility for eventual conversion
92 High Density Housing near transit corridors to achieve housing and job parity by 2050:

Sunnyvale adopts a high density housing near transit ordinance with a goal of achieving a one to one job / housing balance by 2050.

Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 77
Attachment 2

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
93 Anti-Idling: My objective is to reduce the amount of GHG’s and air pollution in Sunnyvale through reducing unnecessary vehicle idling.
94 Achieve a jobs to housing ratio consistent with the regional average of less than 0.5 jobs per resident
95 Continue to provide density and other zoning incentives or procedural or financial incentives to developments for establishment of alternative transportation infrastructure within the private as well as adjacent public right-of-way, such as increased bicycle parking, separated sidewalks, bike lanes and signage, and change and shower facilities 96 Ensure that every village core has opportunities for growing produce locally 97 Retain a residential parking permit program for residential areas adjacent to commercial areas of the City where parking is in higher demand
98 Designate street parking stalls in the vicinity of key commercial and multi-family residential locations for efficient or alternatively fueled vehicles. 99 Increase signal coordination as warranted to facilitate traffic flow along arterials and major collectors
100 Deploy intelligent transportation systems measures for managing traffic of large-scale construction projects and at major City and private events 101 Support, streamline, and incentivize the retention and expansion of local anchor and growth industries.
102 Long-term rental homes: Convert short-term (<6months) rentals and empty investment homes into affordable long-term housing without costly construction and GHG. 103 Address numbers: Require address numbers be clearly visible and legible from the street. 104 Sunnyvale Bicycle Highway: As part of the Western Channel redevelopment, build a continuous bicycle highway from the bay, through downtown, past El Camino. 105 Flexible work schedules: More flexibility in work schedules to allow employees to lessen the burden and stress of commuting and reduce emissions from congestion. 106 Lunch Delivery Service: City can have contract with restaurants and fast food places to deliver work day lunches based on preorders (made by individual staff on a daily basis) to different locations of the City offices. This will reduce the number of vehicles on road during lunch time. City can also solicit restaurants incentives for bulk order. 107 48/96 DPS Fire Schedule: Implement a 48-96 work schedule consists of a 6-day rotation period where each platoon works two consecutive 24-hour shifts, followed by four days off.

For any gi ven day of the week, an employee would work that day two weeks in a row, then have the next 4 off.

Creates 50% reduction in commuting for all Sunnyvale Fire Service personnel and the resulting economic and environmental benefits this would create. 108 Implement Congestion Management pricing in business parks: Convince fewer people to drive solo by charging a fee for each personal automobile entering business parks. 109 Encourage More Ridership by Helping Change Public Perception of Public Bus System by Merging VTA Bus System with Corporate Bus System: Bring together Santa Clara VTA, large businesses & institutions to create efficient, clean electrical bus transportation system.
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Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
110 City Mobility Strategy: A mobility strategy for the city would identify in clear and easy to understand language, the variety and volume of major commute routes to and from the city. As one example if a sizeable portion of the city's work force commutes from the East Bay, what are the current and future alternatives for commuters to get to and from Sunnyvale. Does the city have a workable strategy to help relieve highway congestion to and from that area? If not, what alternatives can the city contemplate in cooperation with other cities in the region, as well as regional transportation agencies to identify and address current gaps.
111 Encourage and subsidize shared mobility autonomous vehicles 112 Car-free lifestyle & Mobility as a Service: Promote the benefits of a car-free lifestyle and support 'mobility as a service' for city residents and businesses. 113 Create a TDM program for City staff to promote alternative transportation modes and carpooling to the greatest extent possible
114 Continue sponsoring projects to provide transit rider amenities at bus stops and rail stations.
115 Work with the Valley Transportation Authority and neighboring jurisdictions to provide transit priority signal timing in order to decrease travel time 116 Encourage schools to link employees and guardians of students with an online system such as 511.org that provides carpool matching
117 Require sidewalks to be a minimum of six feet wide in order to allow side by side walking at identified locations that currently serve high pedestrian traffic volumes, or locations planned to serve high pedestrian traffic.
118 Require secure bicycle parking at public and large private events 119 Increase awareness of the city's bicycle facilities by updating the city bicycle map to show locations of public and private bicycle parking, creating a web-based application for members of the public to identify locations of private parking, and establishing information kiosks at key city locations to provide maps and highlight alternative modes of transportation
120 Improve bike lanes, bike racks, and bike security: Making bike lanes safer and providing better resources to people who bike will incentivize bike transportation. 121 Modernize Residential streets' speed limits and parking to increase capacity, improve mobile safety and reduce GHG: Prohibit speeding and parking on bike path streets.

Prohibit visually impairing vehicles' parking risks to cars, cyclists & pedestrians. 122 Green light for bikes/Idaho stop: Create more bike corridors where cyclists (almost) never have to stop at intersections.
123 Increase Green Mobile and shrink carbon footprint: New home/buildings donate permanent green space property to connect safe bike/pedestrian paths, remove GHG inefficient, same-size structures.
124 Metrics for Non-car travel within Sunnyvale: Create data for non-car travel comparable to that currently maintained by the City for car-based travel. 125 Wa yWatchers: Mobile application that tracks how people move around the city and gives points towards tokens for rewards.

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Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
126 Creative Parking Permits for all Street Parking and Per Use Fees for Public Parking Facilities: Require parking permits for all parking on streets and public parking facilities on; use modern technology for easy fee collection.
127 Vehicle Tax on mileage, weight, and wheels: Tax vehicles based on mileage, weight, and number of wheels (while driven with audible/visible reminders). 128 Replace 4-way stops with mini-roundabouts when possible: Mini-roundabouts reduce emissions when compared to stop-and-go traffic pattern of 4-way stops, and are more friendly on bike traffic.
129 Flashing Yellow Left Turn Arrows: Replace red left turn arrows with flashing yellow left turn arrows to allow drivers to turn when their direction of traffic has the green. 130 Sustainable Commuter Punchcard: This idea uses incentives to motivate commuters to carpool, use public transit, bike, or walk to work or school. 131 New Civic Center: Re-design the future civic center to reduce planned parking in Option 1 (which is designed for today's transportation).
132 Making Biking (More) Attractive/Fun: Community activities that encourage biking. 133 Financing Better Mobility: A universal pass (daily, monthly, and/or yearly) paid for by all residents, for local, multi-modal, carbon-free public transportation. 134 Improve walkability to Fair Oaks park: Make it easy to walk to Fair Oaks park for people living between Fair Oaks, Arques and Taylor.
135 Affordable 100% solar power for EV mobility solutions (cars, shuttles, buses): Fuel all future Evs (cars, shuttles, buses) with 100% clean, local, and affordable renewable energy.
136 48/96 DPS Fire Schedule: City should consider discounting the electricity charging rates or providing free EV charging for a certain number of hours per employee per year.

Incentivizing cleaner vehicles will help reduce the impact of the carbon emissions produced from employee commutes.
137 Establish Electric Car Sharing Programs as Supplement to City Fleet: Partner with private car-sharing networks, like Envoy, to bring more EVs and EV infrastructure to City properties. Envoy provides a private, car-sharing network dedicated to a location where people live (e.g., apartment building) or work. Envoy will install chargers, supply and maintain EVs, and provide insurance for monthly subscription fees. 138 De signate preferred parking stalls for electric, hybrid, and other alternative fuel vehicles in all public and private parking lots consistent with the California Green Building Code 139 Facilitate new fueling stations that offer alternative fuels 140 Incentivize gas stations to offer E85: Offer incentives for gas stations to offer more alternative fuels like ethanol (E85), hydrogen, or charging stations for EVs. 141 [Regulate] Gas powered garden equipment: Regulate and enforce rules that reduce the amount of particles that pollute our air from gas powered garden equipment. 142 Car pool lanes for all-electric vehicles: A 24-hour express lane for all-electric vehicles on all major roads.
143 Sustainable electric school buses for Sunnyvale's children and environment: We will help Sunnyvale's schools and community to adopt electric buses and innovative, affordable charging solutions.
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Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
248 Track 308gas sales as a way to measure the transition away from fossil fuels. 249 Prohibit new gas stations within City limits
251 Develop a plan for Fleet Electrification, specifically ensuring that charging station infrastructure can be installed to meet future fleet needs. 256 Evaluate alternative fuel options when Waste Collection Vehicles are up for replacement 275 More pedestrian streets (like Murphy) and bike lanes. 288 We live across the street from a city park where SV trucks, large and small, often stop for lunch or to use restrooms. Truck engines often run the entire time they are parked thus polluting and wasting expensive fuel, surely not in line with SV's climate action plan. The City should adopt and enforce a policy requiring its parked vehicles be turned off unless operation is needed for ongoing.
296 Incentives to purchase green/electric vehicles, electric bicycles, and bicycles. 298 Free up parking spaces. Amend Sunnyvale Multi-Family and Nonresidential Parking Requirements to allow secure bicycle parking to count for up to 50% (rounded down) of required parking spaces. Allow residents of neighborhood streets to designate up to 50% of street parking for protected play or recreation. 300 Promote transportation choice. Embrace Mr. Barricade and use paint, signs, and plastic to protect existing bike lanes and add new ones to El Camino. Create bus-only lanes on El Camino. Reach out to VTA to determine what would incentivize them to add service beyond El Camino.
301 More bike ways and cross walks over busy streets and intersections. 306 Create incentives to buy EVs
308 Require planes to use unleaded gas
310 More cycling and walking, less cars. Just look how other cities transformed themselves in the last 2 years, Sunnyvale only closed down the tiny stretch of Murphy Street to traffic
315 Reduce barriers to bicycling. Make it safe and easy to bike anywhere. Provide bicycle parking in front of all businesses. Promote biking for errands (shopping, groceries, etc).

Build all new roads with safe bike lanes and add them to existing roads. Even better is to have separated bike paths.
319 We definitely need more EV chargers. I live in a condo complex off Evelyn W. and drive a full-electric car. I have to walk 15 minutes minimum to charge it since my condo complex is older and hard to refit with chargers. The city/county/state needs to help pay for this type of installation.
320 We need a campaign against idling engines. So many people have the bad habit of turning on their gas-car engines then looking at their phone or claim that their engines need to warm up. We need banners, signs especially for delivery trucks or around schools, speakers at PTA meetings, informative slips of paper for offenders. This should include City Fleet vehicles as well.

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322 Because of cost or access reasons many bike lanes or roadsides don't get cleaned, or very rarely, which makes them unsuitable for riders. I have been working on bike lane sweeper prototypes at bikelanesweeper.com to address this issue. It may not replace current full-size sweepers but may be a clean and cost-effective addition to consider to keep our bikeways clean.
326 Fully build out the improvements specified in the Active Transportation Plan. 327 Identify the bike/ped network improvements needed beyond the current Active Transportation Plan to achieve the city's transportation mode share goals. 329 Add secured bike parking in high-traffic areas (e.g., the BikeLink lockers that used to be under Target, now are only at Caltrain)
330 Explore whether a regular community shuttle (in conjunction with local public transit) could decrease car trips and provide a more accessible "last mile" closure 339 Ensure new construction includes parking and level 1 charging for e-bikes and scooters.

Re-adopt the 2021 Reach Code and increase MUD EV charging coverage. 342 Double down on implementing the Active Transportation Plan to accelerate project deployment. Prioritize Bicycle and Pedestrian projects over single occupancy vehicle infrastructure.
343 Reduce parking minimums for new construction. Implement paid parking downtown.

Utilize funds to support a free or low-cost electric shuttle to downtown. 355 Prioritize walking, biking, and public transit over car transit - Cars have too many negative externalities, not just climate-wise, even when electric. If biking and walking is more viable, we can reduce parking requirements for buildings without seeing increased traffic. And it has other positive externalities, like people are happier and healthier! 357 Add meters/required payment for all city-owned parking spaces, including at City Hall 358 Create a more robust incentive program for City staff to take alternative transportation to work; add City bicycles to the "pool vehicle" fleet that staff can reserve 359 Unfreeze the TDM coordinator public works position and adopt more stringent ordinances in that regard
361 Replacing 4 way stops with mini roundabouts, reduces carbon emissions from cars and is a better solution to traffic
362 Increasing awareness about the possible transportations nearby is useful, it will increase the usage and security of public transportation. Public (Transportation becomes more reliable)
365 Ticket for car idling.
366 We should prioritize safety of student bikers to and from schools, thus encouraging the decarbonization of transportation. This includes creating a safe, connected network of bike paths and implementing full-time bike lanes on the main streets leading up to schools. Heavy bike traffic, paired with a large number of cars picking up kids for school, leads to lots of unsafe situations.
372 Promote attending the Saturday farmer's market more and incentivize taking public transportation or shuttle to get there.
373 Expand bus routes/times with citizen input through survey on where buses routes should expand to. The more accessible bus routes are, the more people will want to utilize the service.

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
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375 Sunnyvale only consolidated electric car charging station map 377 Get a lot more funding and to implement the Active Transportation Plan much more quickly. It should not take eons to get this done. We are in a climate emergency and are moving far too slowly.
378 Do much more to prioritize active transportation -- walking and biking. 379 Reduce motor vehicle parking, require all motor vehicle parking to be paid, switch motor vehicle parking over to secure bike parking (Bike Link lockers) 380 Create an e-bike and cargo bike rental program run by community services to allow residents to experience these eco-friendly forms of transportation as little or no cost.

Brisbane runs their program via their library.
381 I support idea 59. Fully fund the City's bicycle and pedestrian improvement plan completion by 2035.
382 I support Sunnyvale running a dockless e-bikeshare system. Similar to Idea 67: Dockless e-Bicycle System For Better Transit Access. Sunnyvale should provide e-bikeshare system to enable residents to travel to transit stops and local trips using city sponsored dockless e-bicycle system. Ideally the system would be managed by VTA and would work countywide.
385 Fully fund the Active Transportation Plan. Help people get out of their cars. Many of us want to bike more but are afraid to share roads with cars. Find the money! Increase developer fees! The developers bring more cars to Sunnyvale, they can fund much more of the resulting costs.
389 Use Transportation Impact Fees for funding bicycle infrastructure. The goal of TIFs is to reduce traffic, and by building more safe bicycle facilities, people will choose to bike instead of drive, reducing congestion and helping the planet. 391 GET MORE MONEY FOR BICYCLE INFRASTRUCTURE
392 Build bike lanes with barriers and buffers on major streets so that bicyclists can be safe riding with cars.
393 Need to connect bike lanes. Currently, bike lanes just end along streets, leaving bicyclists stranded.
394 Build dedicated lanes for bikes across busy intersections like freeway on ramps and off ramps, so that bicyclists don't have to compete with cars in such dangerous intersections.
398 Government funds/participation for bike rental/repair locations like the library for bikes, aid for purchasing new bikes or e-bikes. In sync with pedestrian/bike safety accessories like lights (solar powered), reflective vests, helmets etc. and develop bike & pedestrian lanes.
410 telecommute
413 Incentivize installation of DCC-9 type devices to support electric vehicle charging. It can be costly for tenants of condo buildings to run electrical from their subpanel to their carport, plus subpanels often are not rated for the load of a high-amperage charger. This device detects total power consumption of the main circuit breaker and de-energizes the charger. My complex just approved our first install for a resident if anyone is interested in seeing it.

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
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427 Establish a new citywide parking ordinance that provides a parking maximum on all new development and institutes parking fees for all commercial areas. 428 Evaluate and update the City's zoning code, Transportation Demand Management program (on hold), and building code to ensure the City requires installation of bicycle parking for new commercial development and retrofits. Also, update codes to require bike facilities with lockers and showers at all businesses that employ over 50 people. 429 Update city ordinances to prioritize safety and connections for pedestrians, bikes and micromobility over cars.
430 Conduct a pilot program that converts vehicle roadways into active transportation corridors and conduct a study to identify potential corridors that would extend safe active transportation routes from residential areas into the downtown core. 431 Adopt an EV reach code requiring new commercial and multifamily construction to install the minimum number of EV chargers based on Tier 2 CalGreen requirements (20% of total parking spaces)
441 Plan for additional housing, within the goal of diverse housing, to reduce long-distance commutes.

Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
146 Waste Audits, education and outreach 4.A
260 Advance policy and programs to further reduce single-use plastics 4.B 443 Comply with SB 1383 requirements to help the state reduce organic waste disposal 75% by 2025.

4.C
444 Expand the City’s edible food recovery program to edible food generators beyond those required by SB 1383.

4.D
445 Continue to implement the mandatory waste diversion ordinance requiring all residents, visitors, and businesses to place their discards in the appropriate container (i.e., recycle, compost, or garbage).

4.E
147 Stop Wasting Water & Reduce GHG!: Enact new water efficiency methodologies and policies that combine to greatly reduce Sunnyvale's consumption and lead California by example.

4.F
148 Water conservation: Get the best use out of every drop of water. 4.F 149 Promote existing SCVWD efficiency/conservation rebates 4.F 150 Promote “purple pipe” (reclaimed water) infrastructure in new construction or major renovation in preparation for a growing, usable network.

4.G
151 Create a purple pipe network for citywide use of recycled water for irrigation and other outdoor purposes.

4.G
188 Realtime Home Water Metering: A prototype water meter with iOS app showing instant usage.

4.H
316 Remove requirements that renters have to keep the lawn green by watering. Encourage more climate appropriate yards and gardens.

4.I
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Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
345 Streamline Permitting. This suggested idea combines aspects of all 6 strategies. Ensure permitting for battery storage, local rooftop solar (Clean Electricity), microgrids (Adapting to a Changing Climate), rainwater catchment, dual water piping, graywater systems (Managing Resources sustainably), electric panel upgrades, conversion of gas appliances to electric (water heating, HVAC, cooking and clothes drying) (Decarbonizing Buildings), and EV Charging sites (Decarbonizing Transportation) is as streamlined, easy and inexpensive as possible. Encourage property owners to make these improvements and promote the benefits of these changes for health, safety, comfort, climate, and security (Empowering our Community). Notify property owners of the streamlined processes.

Train inspectors so they are prepared to quickly and accurately assess the quality of installations that may combine aspects of electrical, plumbing, roofing, landscaping and/or construction....

4.J
383 Eliminate plastic to-go containers, period. There are options that actually compost. This is not a hardship. If there are increased costs then the restaurants can add that amount on and I doubt anyone would notice. Eventually with increase in quantity the price of the sustainable materials would decrease.

4.K
152 Continue to implement the City's Tree Preservation requirements. 4.L 153 Clarify codes and policies to maximize the preservation of the largest longest-living trees, and ensure the expansion of the urban forest over time as appropriate for the site.

4.L
154 Increase Tree Coverage: Increase tree coverage in Sunnyvale to sequester carbon, regulate temperature, manage water runoff.

4.L
155 Implement City’s Green Infrastructure Plan 4.M
446 Update the City Purchasing Policy to be aligned with Playbook goals and develop an implementation strategy.

4.N
144 Suggestions on how to implement the FoodCycle program into schools: The Sunnyvale FoodCycle program is moving into public schools and businesses, here are some thoughts on how we can better incorporate it.
145 Select materials to be targeted for diversion and diversion methods, services, or technologies based on the results of the Zero Waste Strategic Plan. 156 Carbon Cost Food Labeling: Encourage consumers to make choices that min. environ. impact, req. restaurants & grocers to label food & menu items w/ assoc. carbon emissions.
157 Business: In the mood for food: Encourage businesses to grow food at their corporate sites.
158 Tower Garden- a vertical, aeroponic growing system- 90% less water and space, 30% greater yield and 3x faster: I am a mom on a mission to promote education regarding healthy living and how to use urban farming that is productive and sustainable. 159 Urban Agricultural Internships & Design Program: A system of academic credit for students to design and run urban farms/food stands with paid internships. 160 Develop and implement a purchasing policy that requires food and other appropriate materials purchased by the City to be purchased from as local a supply as possible. 161 CityTree Moss Wall: CityTree is a company that installs self-sustaining moss units that can have the equivalent of up to 275 trees per year for air cleaning. 162 Tree Lined Street: Trees are efficient and aesthetic sequesters of CO2; trees add beauty while removing CO2 and replenishing O2.

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Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
163 GHG>15%! Reduce Factory-Farm-Animals!: Discourage Farm-Animals' products to reduce global GHG>15% Redirect wasted resources to increase credible organic plant food supply.
164 Expand existing park, open space, and boulevard tree inventory through the replacement of trees with a greater number of trees when trees are removed due to disease, park development, or other reasons.
165 Develop and implement canopy coverage requirements for City-owned parking lots, with exceptions for solar installations.
166 Construction & demolition debris diversion
167 Pricing increases/penalties for not recycling/composting 168 Single-use plastics ban
169 Straws Suck!: Ban plastic straws in eating and drinking establishments in Sunnyvale. 170 Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy ('Default to Green'): Create a comprehensive Environmentally Preferable Purchasing policy for the city. 171 3D printed homes: Bring affordable 3D printed homes to Sunnyvale. 172 Ban the sale or dispersal of disposable, single use plastic water bottles at public events permitted by the City.
173 Green city procurement: Use modern data science tools (ProductBIO.com or other) to evaluate and strategically reduce the impacts of the city's procurement spending. 174 Reduce take-out plastics: Sunnyvale restaurants only give straws, plastic cup lids, and plastic utensils upon request from patrons for in-store or to go orders. 175 CJF [Disposables Fee on Plastic Cups and Straws]: Would like to have local business be taxed on single use plastic cups and straws like shopping bag tax to incentivize individuals BYO cup.
176 Sunnyvale The Green Shopping capital of the world!: List and patronize stores and businesses that decrease packaging and enable Bring Your Own Packaging when shopping.
177 Require bottle water fillers at all drinking fountains.: Place water fillers at all drinking fountains and stand alone to encourage people to not use plastic bottles and to drink right amount.
178 Bring your own produce bags: Reduce grocery store plastic bag use for fruits and vegetables by consumers brining in their own containers. 179 Trash to Cash: Composting for cash.
180 Stop the wasted paper mailings: I would like help from the Sunnyvale community to get "Retail me not everyday" to d/c the paper mailings they send out that get trashed. 181 F ewer Trash Cans, Less Litter?: Make trash cans as we know them non-existent. 182 Multi-family program for composting, gardens
183 Promote Reuse/repair and circular economy
184 Water neutrality ordinance for new construction
185 repurposing golf courses: convert City golf courses into agrihoods. 186 Provide supplemental funding to existing rebates
187 Require new development to reduce potable indoor water consumption by 30% (Tier 1 CALGreen) and outdoor landscaping water use by 40%.
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Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
189 Discourage Use of Bottled Water: Plastic bottle disposal is a huge problem in the ocean and bottled water an economic problem. See Maude Barlow's book "Blue Future.". 190 Dollars for Natives: incentivize homeowners to plant California native landscapes. 191 Control Water Usage: A Timer operated shower will reduce water usage. 192 Implement the City’s Urban Water Management Plan to facilitate a 20% reduction in per capita water use by 2020.
193 Create flexible provisions and encourage residents and businesses to collect rainwater to use for irrigation purposes.
194 Revise development standards to ensure the use of greywater, recycled water, and rainwater catchment systems is allowed in all zones.
195 Sustainable Landscaping Program: Encourage sustainable landscaping through integrated program including electric landscape equipment & lead by example with city operations. 196 The Sunnyvale Urban Forest: Host community tree planting events around Sunnyvale until trees outnumber residents.
253 Feasibility of utilizing compost for carbon sequestration 257 Update the Zero Waste Plan to reassess waste reduction goals based on current technology
258 Update the Sustainable Purchasing Policy to be aligned with Playbook goals and develop an implementation strategy
261 Pilot a reusables program with a food service business in Sunnyvale 262 Conduct a feasibility study and develop an implementation strategy for expanding water reuse in Sunnyvale
263 Evaluate opportunities to partner with large developments for onsite water treatment and reuse
264 Encourage the reuse and recycling of textiles
267 Increased tree canopy in Sunnyvale. As drought conditions and hot weather continues tree cover can substantially reduce outdoor and indoor temperatures.

Shade will also reduce evaporation of soil moisture and decrease water required for landscaping. Increase tree budget, require more trees for new construction and parking lots, and incentivize homeowners to plant drought tolerant species 268 Increased recycling and reuse efforts. Fabric recycling like mountain view. Encourage restaurants to reduce utensil provisions or to accept container returns. At home, encourage reusable materials instead of disposables (eg regular towels instead of disposable paper towels or napkins). Discourage businesses and schools from tchotchkes and swag or trinkets that mostly end up in landfills. 292 Increase awareness and initiate incentives for customers to recycle in online grocery or delivery services. Labeling on the product itself or leaving a container fee might not be efficient way to increase awareness. Many delivery and grocery services have been moved to online since the pandemic and asking websites and apps to increase awareness for recycling is presumably way more efficient. 293 Requirement for store recycling programs for plastics - Target, Lucky, Safeway, and Home Depot have the plastic recycling stations - These should be a requirement for retailers in Sunnyvale.

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Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
295 Plant more trees - replace diseased or deceased trees/shrubs. During drought, trees have fallen/been removed, but few have been replaced. Good to have additional trees in the city to increase oxygen, reduce carbon dioxide, provide shade, and beautify the city. With additional trees, a good irrigation plan needs to be put into place (drip watering, for instance). Potable water could be used.
297
Collection of compostables from apart. dwellings. More aparts/condos units are being built in Sunnyvale. Capturing compostables would keep more trash from going to the landfill. With increased compostables, perhaps a new system for storing the compostables and/or reselling them to the public or local nurseries. 302 Managing resources sustainably: Prohibit unsolicited paper advertisements via mail to residents. Most if not all just throw those away without reading anyway. Will save emissions on mail trucks and garbage trucks.
303 Managing resources sustainably: Promote paper bag and recycled cardboard packaging for groceries over plastic clamshells. The plastic clamshells can't even be recycled (in Sunnyvale).
305
Do a local "lawn busters" program with fixed cost assistance for design and landscaping 307 Ban gas gardening equipment; it is choking us all day long/24/7 313 In the interim of multi-family food cycle rollout, or maybe in addition, could we establish composting stations within the community? We could leverage community gardens like Charles St. or have multi-resident compost stations.
328 Identify and implement steps needed to meet the City's tree canopy goals from the Urban Forest Management Plan equitably. Ensure trees are replaced when removed. This could include creating a tree inventory.
332 Divest from fossil fuels. No longer make investments in the oil and gas industries. Examples include San Diego County and San Mateo County
333 Create a tree inventory to equitably achieve an urban tree canopy. 336 Carbon neutrality. Set a carbon neutrality goal by 2030 or 2045. 338 Work with large businesses to coordinate a waste reduction pilot for City operations and/or citywide.
341 Update the City Purchasing Policy to consider and reduce GHG emissions, landfill waste and water usage associated with contracts, materials, supplies, equipment, food and air travel.

Set a City Intention to not purchase anything that runs on fossil fuels. Exceptions would require extensive justification. Potential examples: 1) require all contract bids to document expected greenhouse gas emissions in fulfilling the contract, 2) require re-usables and prohibit single use plastic, 3) require 100% post-consumer recycled paper, 4) reduce air travel (set standards for determining whether air travel is needed), 5) purchase food from local suppliers 6) Fleet vehicle replacement to consider gasoline or diesel as the last resort (not the default). Preference would be given to electric vehicles including potentially relaxing equipment specifications, paying up to x% in additional upfront cost, and delaying replacement through enhanced maintenance and spare parts (up to x months/years) until viable electric solutions become available, 7) Replacement of HVAC, water heating, and landscape equipment would default to electric, 8) Road repaving would utilize low-carbon concrete and/or light colored materials to reduce the urban heat island effect, 9) major fossil fuel infrastructure such as underground fuel tanks would be decommissioned and not replaced.
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344 Identify regional opportunities for carbon sequestration and nature based solutions that could be used as verifiable offsets for remaining 20% of emissions to achieve 'carbon neutrality'. Examples may include forest protection, wetlands restoration, regenerative agriculture, or possibly carbon capture technologies.
350 HFCs in refrigerants. Methane leaks from stoves in the house. Someway to promote the reduction of HFCs (in refrigerators) at restaurants, groceries stores, etc. in homes as well.
352
Invest in expanded recycling facilities - adding capabilities to recycle Styrofoam and types of plastic not currently recycled
356 Incentivize having a desert/drought-friendly lawn - there are so many options for lawns that are not typical grass that would save a lot of water in comparison and would be better for the soil.
368 We must improve recycling and food waste systems at schools. Schools should require composting bins, in alliance with the recycling bins and trash cans already present. 374 Promotion of classes at the community garden to educate on how to grow our own food. Promote food sovereignty!
376 Prohibit plastic produce bags at grocery stores and farmers markets 395 Eliminate plastic to-go containers, period. There are options that actually compost. This is not a hardship. If there are increased costs then the restaurants can add that amount on and I doubt anyone would notice. Eventually with increase in quantity the price of the sustainable materials would decrease.
396
Form a sub-committee to study and then influence national policy on farm subsidies, effects of pesticides, soil degradation, food quality and nutrition, investing in small farmers, food waste and transport costs. We may not have farms in Sunnyvale, but we want everyone to have access to healthy locally grown food.
397 Encourage home owners to grow their own food under fruit trees, with eco-friendly irrigation. The shade will reduce the amount of water needed as temperatures continue to rise. Fund incentives for multiple dwelling building owners to provide community garden spaces. Plant trees like avocado in parks and as street trees. 404 Regenerative gardening and agriculture: method for sequestering carbon, minimizing water use and water loss. This s also organic, with little or no use of pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. Incentivize back yard gardeners w/free classes.

Partner with the UC Davis Master Gardeners Co-op, and change the heritage orchard into an organic/regenerative teaching/demonstration site. 406 Expand our salt marshes and natural water ways to the bay. This is a high carbon sequestration biome; restore, protect, and expand. Use as much of the dredged materials from the bay as possible.
411 Incentivize installation of hot water re-circulators for multi-family (and single family) buildings. The simpler models do not require a return line. They drip hot water into the cold water line, speeding up delivery of hot water to fixtures located further away from the water heater.
432 Adopt an ordinance requiring new construction to be built with dual plumping, where allowable, in preparation for the availability of recycled water infrastructure. 433 Replace all non-functional lawn areas under municipal ownership/care including all medians, pocket parks and plazas with native, low-water alternatives by 2025. 434 Conduct a compost application pilot in Moffett Park and promote it on the City's website and at City events.

Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
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Attachment 2

Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
197 The Cool Block: Reinvent the world. The journey begins on the block where you live. 5.A 198 Develop and encourage a mechanism for neighborhoods to share equipment and resources to improve sustainability.

5.A
199 Create a structure or partner with other groups for volunteers, residents, and other organizations to help achieve Sunnyvale's sustainability goals.

5.A
200 Sunnyvale Strong Blocks: Create a program similar to the City of Palo Alto’s Cool Blocks to engage neighbors in taking action together on climate and disaster preparedness.

5.A
201 Use the City’s Sustainability Commission and outreach staff as a structure to coordinate with other groups for volunteers, residents, and other organizations to help achieve Sunnyvale's sustainability goals.

5.A, 5.D
202 Accelerating Clean Electrification for Sunnyvale Residents: YellowTin educates & empowers homeowners to make informed decisions on clean energy choices such as Solar, Battery, EV, Space & Water Heater.

5.B
203 BE Ready to Electrify (Residential SF & MF): Increase readiness for planned, economic migration from fossil-fuel use to efficient, clean electricity use in residential homes.

5.B
204 Provide a toolkit of resources, including web based efficiency calculators, for residents and businesses to analyze their GHG emissions in comparison to their neighborhood, the city, and the region.

5.B
205 [Online Neighbor Forum for] Energy Outreach and Education: Ways to involve more people in adopting clean energy technologies.

5.B
206 Raising Awareness for CAP and Environmentalism: Create data-driven, specialized campaigns and programs that generate awareness and support for fighting climate change and being environment.

5.B
207 Inform the community of metering options, such as online applications and in- home monitors.

5.B
208 Sunnyvale Green@Home: Free SmartMeter analysis and personalized recommendations for how to reduce home energy waste and lower energy bills.

5.B
209 Dedicate a page of the City’s website to climate change and climate change adaptation. 5.C 210 Green Warriors in Training: Teach them while they're young, so they can become eco leaders.

5.E
211 Recommend and advocate for schools to use the Air District curriculum or other programs for local school teachers to teach children about climate change GHG emissions, and local actions.

5.E
215 Create demonstration projects within City operations to educate the community on ways to reduce emissions by leading by example.

5.F
370 Task Library and Parks and Rec with developing ongoing programs to support our Climate Playbook, in consultation with the Sustainability Commission and ESD.

5.G
213 Visualizing Community Progress: Visual graphics that show progress towards sustainability goals.

5.H, 5.I
438 Conduct waste characterization studies every 10 years to understand the waste stream, inform waste programs and policies, and update the Zero Waste Strategic Plan to increase diversion and reduce contamination.
439 Work with waste haulers to determine the data necessary to meet zero waste goals and establish protocol for regular collection and reporting of associated metrics.

Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
90 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
214 Climate Action - Project Tracking: Treat city GHG emissions & projects designed to reduce them w/ same rigor (planning, improv., controls, metrics) as city finances.

5.H, 5.I
212 Actively engage with Sunnyvale businesses to identify areas for GHG reduction and financial savings.
215 Use sustainability initiatives within City operations to educate the community of ways to achieve sustainability by example.
216 Next Door App for Community Utility Data: Share data and conservation success through an online forum.
217 Dry your clothes for Free - Use a Clothesline!: All you need is enough space in your backyard to string a clothesline. You'd be amazed how much energy is saved. 218 GHG Reduction Planning: Develop action road maps for individual households. 219 Provide regular communication with schools, business, faith groups, community members and neighborhood groups to increase participation in the City's progress toward sustainability.
220 Develop and implement a competitive GHG reduction program between groups of citizens in the City with an award component.
221 Actively promote use of alternative modes of transportation as safe modes of travel.

When applicable, promote on the City’s web site and publications about viable programs sponsored by 511, the Air District and other recognized agencies. 222 Through selected projects and efforts to improve City operations, demonstrate how sustainability efforts are possible and successful.
223 Make comparison an intrinsic part of consumption. Bring awareness of how our consumption compares to other communities, regions, and others in our neighborhood. 224 Manage Your Metrics, Manage Your Money: This concept would help Sunnyvale residents understand and use their data to manage their energy. 225 SustainTimes.net - Sustainable Actions Made Easy!: Educate and Implement Sustainability Actions for the Mainstream Community.
226 Environmental Fair: Provide idea for City of Sunnyvale CAP 2.0 plan. Volunteer during the fair with own booth.
227 Kid's Workshop: Treasuring Our Resources: Events that includes live cam to a farm and workshops for kids to encourage behavior change in sustainability. 228 Art for the Climate: Emphasize Climate and the natural world in the City's "1% for Art" program and build on the successful Earth Day Poster and Film contest. 229 C onsolidate single function devices into multifunction: Evaluate usage and spending on single function devices and determine if consolidation into multifunction devices is cost efficient.

Determine if follow me printing, authenticated printing, print management, and/or scan to email/folder are beneficial and cost effective.

Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 91
Attachment 2

Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
230 Planning and Building staff will work with project applicants to limit GHG emissions from construction equipment by selecting one of the following measures, at a minimum, as appropriate to the construction project:
a. Substitute electrified or hybrid equipment for diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment where practical.
b. Use alternatively fueled construction equipment on-site, such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), propane, or biodiesel. c. Avoid the use on on-site generators by connecting to grid electricity or utilizing solar- powered equipment.
d. Limit heavy-duty equipment idling time to a period of 3 minutes or less, exceeding CARB regulation minimum requirements of 5 minutes.
231 Deep Time Walk: The Deep Time Walk is a walking audio book where one meter walked represents one million years of Earth history.
265 Develop next Game Plan (2033), including detailed greenhouse gas emissions forecast. 270 More climate change education
277 Trash pick up. Perhaps volunteer events. Penalties for littering 280 Incentivize local neighborhood recipe books to eat less meat and share vegetarian recipe ideas.
317 Provide penalties and incentives to get people to take the right action. Penalties to stop behaviors and incentives to start/encourage behavior.
351 Conducting a consumption based emissions inventory for the City, assessing whether this can be done on a regional level
363 Having competitions (with prize) within neighborhoods for energy and water consumption or have a city wide objective.
369 Provide a more accurate and complete representation of our emissions by including consumption-based emissions in our GHG inventory those from the things we buy that are manufactured or grown outside our city limits (includes transportation outside Sunnyvale, including flights). Omitting what may be the largest part of our emissions can lead to inaccurate understandings.
370 Task Library and Parks and Rec with developing ongoing programs to support our Climate Playbook, in consultation with the Sustainability Commission and ESD. Programs may include speakers on climate science and solutions, classes (e.g. on healthy diets, safe biking, electrifying the home), events (for example Open Streets, induction cooking demonstrations). Climate requires all of government.
402 I go to Sunnyvale Middle School, and one idea is to involve the schools in having greener efforts. Such as, installing solar panels so at least (for example) 25% of the building is supported by Solar energy. Or, teaching and involving the students about this issue that affects us more. For example, this "Game Plan" survey could have been talked about at school so we could put our voices in it.
403 Publicly announcing efforts that the people of Sunnyvale can try to have greener footprints. For example, there could have been posters or signs put up in local stores about this survey so more people would know about it. Also, flyers, and announcements could be used to spread the word about simple actions that could be taken at home.

Like, saving water, matching the pot to the burner, and more. 92 | Appendix B: Ideas Roster
Attachment 2

Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
232 Regularly train and inform the Department of Public Safety Office of Emergency Services (OES) on potential climate change risks and hazards.

6.A
233 On a regular basis, assess adaptation efforts of the City, region, and state and identify goals or gaps to be addressed.

6.A, 6.B
234 Appoint a staff liaison to attend and participate in regional meetings focusing on adaptation and resilience and to report back to staff on a regular basis

6.B
235 Analyze and disclose possible impacts of climate change on the project or plan area with an emphasis on sea level rise.

6.C, 6.D
236 Integrate climate change adaptation into future updates of the Zoning Code, Building Code, General Plan, and other related documents.

6.D, 6.E
237 Update the City Emergency Plan and Emergency Preparedness Workbook to address climate change impacts.

6.E
247 Consider developing a buildings resiliency plan/map 6.F 335 Resilience Hub Initiative. In collaboration with the community to create a network of community centers, neighborhoods, places of worship and other trusted community sites that are models for resilience and “ready for anything” – better prepared for natural disasters, climate change and other stresses in our community. For more information, visit USDN or NorCal Resilience Network.

6.F
238 Require buildings, homes and properties achieve the best Fire prevention methods to reduce fire accident caused GHG
239 Underground residential power, cable and gray water ecology to reduce GHG 240 Regenerate the tidal marshlands
255 Evaluate microgrid feasibility between WPCP and SMaRT station 331 Promote native and pollinator-friendly plants to increase resiliency to drought and sea level rise.
349 Implement the Community Resiliency Plan and Shoreline Protection Plans. 414 Develop and Implement a Shoreline Protection Plan.
436 Participate in the County’s Climate Collaborative and align City initiatives with ongoing County initiatives.
437 Establish climate resilience financing districts using SB 852 to undertake and raise revenue for projects and programs to address climate change including wildfire, sea level rise, extreme heat, drought, flooding, and other impacts.
440 Review and summarize assessment products developed by the County's Silicon Valley 2.0 project and by the State.

Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community
Idea ID # Idea Description Next Move(s) ID#
435 Integrate the Gameplan Moves into the routine operations and planned projects of each City Department.

Appendix B: Ideas Roster | 93
Attachment 2

Appendix C: Substantial
Evidence Report
Attachment 2

Sunnyvale Playbook Update
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report
Final

prepared by
City of Sunnyvale

505 West Olive Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94086
Contact: Madeline Khair, Environmental Programs Manager prepared with the assistance of
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
449 15th St #303
Oakland, California 94612
June 2024
Attachment 2

Attachment 2

Table of Contents

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final i Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 GHG Emission Reduction Targets........................................................................................ 2

1.2 Measures and Actions Organization ................................................................................... 2

1.3 GHG Emissions Reductions ................................................................................................. 3 2 Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy ............................................................................................... 7 3 Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings .............................................................................................14 4 Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use .............................................28 5 Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably ...............................................................................43 6 Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community .....................................................................................49 7 Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate .................................................................................50 Figures
Figure 1 City of Sunnyvale’s GHG Emissions Reductions Pathway ......................................................... 6 Tables
Table 1 Sunnyvale Playbook Update 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary .................................... 3 Table 2 City of Sunnyvale’s GHG Emissions Reductions Pathway .......................................................... 5 Table 3 Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary ........................ 7 Table 4 SVCE Clean Energy Parameters and Data Sources ..................................................................... 9 Table 5 SVCE Clean Energy GHG Emission Reduction Calculations ......................................................10 Table 6 Local Solar Parameters and Data Sources ...............................................................................12 Table 7 Local Solar GHG Emission Reduction Calculations ...................................................................12 Table 8 Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary ......................14 Table 9 Existing Building Electrification Ordinance Parameters and Data Sources .............................17 Table 10 Existing Building Electrification Ordinance GHG Emission Reduction Calculations ...............20 Table 11 Existing Building Technical Assistance and Incentive Program Parameters and Data Sources ..........................................................................................................................................23 Table 12 Existing Building Technical Assistance and Incentive Program GHG Emission Reduction Calculations ...................................................................................................................................24 Table 13 All-electric New Construction Parameters and Data Sources ...............................................26 Table 14 All-electric New Construction GHG Emission Reduction Calculations ...................................27 Table 15 Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary .....................................................................................................................28 Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

ii
Table 16 Vehicle Miles Traveled Reduction Parameters and Data Sources .........................................34 Table 17 VMT Reduction GHG Emission Reduction Calculations .........................................................35 Table 18 Publicly Accessible Electric Vehicle Charger Parameters and Data Sources .........................37 Table 19 Publicly Accessible Electric Vehicle Charger Parameters and Data Sources .........................38 Table 20 Zero-emission Vehicle Adoption Parameters and Data Sources ...........................................39 Table 21 ero-emission Vehcile Adoption GHG Emission Reduction Calculations ................................40 Table 22 Off-road Decarbonization Parameters and Data Sources .....................................................42 Table 23 Off-road Decarbonization GHG Emission Reduction Calculations .........................................42 Table 24 Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary ......43 Table 25 Off-road Decarbonization Parameters and Data Sources .....................................................45 Table 26 Off-road Decarbonization GHG Emission Reduction Calculations .........................................45 Table 27 Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary ............49 Table 28 Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary ........50

Attachment 2

Introduction

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 1 1 Introduction
This technical report presents the quantification and substantial evidence that support the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction potential of the City of Sunnyvale’s Climate Action Playbook Update (Playbook Update) and supports its classification as a qualified GHG reduction plan. The Playbook Update is Sunnyvale’s updated plan to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change. It includes measures (called “Plays”) with measurable targets to reduce GHG emissions and the Game Plan 2028 which is a list of actions (called "Next Moves") that the City will implement in the next five years to reduce GHG emissions.

Section 15183.5(b)(1) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines establishes several criteria which a plan must meet to be considered a qualified GHG reduction plan and allow for programmatic CEQA streamlining of project GHG emissions. This report details the evidence substantiating the GHG emissions reductions associated with the Plays of the Playbook Update pursuant to Subsection (D) which requires measures (i.e., Plays) or a group of measures, including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project-by- project basis, would collectively achieve the specified GHG emissions level. This report demonstrates the Plays and Moves in the Playbook Update provide the GHG emission reductions necessary to meet the City’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target, which exceeds the State’s GHG emission reduction goal established by Senate Bill (SB) 32 and make substantial progress towards the City’s 2045 target which aligns with the State’s goal established Assembly Bill (AB) 1279.1 The City’s 2045 target was established as part of the Playbook Update to align with best practices and California’s current long-term goal, which was accelerated from a goal of reducing GHG emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.2 More information is provided in Section 1.1, GHG Emissions Reductions.

The quantification and substantial evidence in this report are specifically intended to illustrate a reasonable approach to achieve Sunnyvale’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target and make substantial progress towards Sunnyvale’s 2045 target based on the Plays and Next Moves established in the Playbook Update and Game Plan 2028. While the Game Plan 2028 is intended to achieve the City’s 2030 target, it is not intended to achieve the 2045 target. Rather, the Game Plan 2028 is intended to make substantial progress towards the City’s 2045 target and a Game Plan with new Moves will be developed in alignment with department work plans and current best practices (including use of available technology) every five years, to develop Moves that, once implemented, will achieve the City’s 2045 target.

Mechanisms to monitor the implementation of the Game Plan 2028 and its progress toward achieving the GHG emission reductions are included in the Playbook, as required in CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b)(e). If, based on the tracking of community GHG emissions, the City is not on track to reach the 2030 GHG emission reductions specified in this report, the Playbook as a whole or specific Moves in the Game Plan 2028 will be amended. Based on these amendments, a new

1 SB 32 established the State goal to reduce GHG emission 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. AB 1279 established the State goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. The State defines carbon neutrality as net zero carbon emissions, which is achieved by reducing GHG emissions at least 85 percent below 1990 levels and removing the remaining emissions. 2 The State’s previous goal of reducing GHG emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 was set by Executive Order S-3-05 at the time that the first Playbook was developed. AB 1279 accelerates this State goal to reducing GHG emissions 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

2 Playbook Update and/or Game Plan 2028 will be prepared that includes altered or additional Plays and Moves, with evidence that their implementation can achieve the City’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target.

1.1 GHG Emission Reduction Targets
The City of Sunnyvale’s GHG emission reduction targets exceed California’s goal to reduce GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (SB 32) and align with California’s goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 (AB 1279) defined as reducing GHG emissions at least 85 percent below 1990 levels and removing or sequestering the remaining GHG emissions.

Sunnyvale’s short- and long-term GHG emission reduction targets are:
▪ Reduce GHG emissions 56 percent below 1990 levels by 2030; and ▪ Reduce GHG emissions 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045.

1.2 Measures and Actions Organization
As part of the Playbook Update process, the City of Sunnyvale has developed a comprehensive set of Plays and Next Moves to reduce communitywide GHG emissions to achieve the City’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target and make substantial progress towards the City’s 2045 target. The Plays are organized around a set of six strategies to reduce GHG emissions. Each Play is then supported by a set of Moves from the Game Plan 2028. The structure of the Strategies, Plays, and Moves are as follows:
▪ Strategies: establish approaches to reduce GHG emissions. ▪ Plays: identify areas for action. Plays have measurable targets that will help assess progress towards goals.
▪ Moves: define specific actions the City and community can collectively take to address climate change.

The Plays and Moves can be either quantitative or supportive, defined as follows:
▪ Quantitative: Quantitative Plays result in direct and measurable GHG emissions reductions when their Moves, backed by substantial evidence, are implemented. GHG emissions reductions from these Plays and Moves are justified by case studies, scientific articles, calculations, and other third-party substantial evidence that establish the effectiveness of the reduction Moves.

Quantitative Plays can be summed to quantify how the City of Sunnyvale will meet its 2030 GHG emission reduction target and demonstrate progress towards the 2045 target. ▪ Supportive: Supportive Plays may also be quantifiable and have substantial evidence to support their overall contribution to GHG emission reductions. However, due to one of several factors – including a low GHG emission reduction benefit, indirect GHG emission reduction benefit, or potential for double-counting– they have not been quantified and do not contribute directly to achieving and making progress towards the City’s GHG emission reduction targets. Despite not being quantified, supportive Plays are nevertheless critical to the overall success of the Playbook and provide support so that the quantitative Plays will be successfully implemented.

This report identifies both the quantitative and supportive Plays and provides a complete description of their contribution to achieving the City of Sunnyvale’s 2030 GHG emission reduction Attachment 2

Introduction

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 3 target. This report, however, only details the quantitative Moves that enable each Play. The supportive Moves are excluded from this report because they do not contribute directly to achieving and making progress towards the City’s GHG emission reduction targets. These supportive Moves are nevertheless critical to the overall success of each Play. Detail on these supportive Moves can be found in the Game Plan 2028.

1.3 GHG Emissions Reductions
Table 1 summarizes the Plays and their associated targets for 2030 and 2045. It also presents a summary of the 2030 GHG emissions reductions calculated for each Play which are supported by the Game Plan 2028 Moves.

As part of the Playbook Update, the Play targets for 2030 and 2045 were updated to demonstrate the level of action needed in each area to guide the City towards the 2030 GHG reduction target and the new, accelerated 2045 GHG emission reduction target. The Play targets were updated using the GHG emission forecast, which was completed in 2023 using the most recently available and accurate data, and detailed calculations to quantify GHG emission reductions feasible for Sunnyvale based on best practices.

Together, the Plays and Moves in Game Plan 2028 provide Sunnyvale with the GHG emission reductions necessary to achieve Sunnyvale’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target (see Table 2). Since the Game Plan 2028 Moves are intended to be implemented within the next five years and then updated and supplemented with a new or updated set of Moves (e.g., in the Game Plan 2033) based on new information and future technologies, the Moves do not account for progress after 2030. Therefore, due to the evolving nature of the City’s program, this report does not quantify GHG emission reductions for 2045. The Moves will be updated in future Game Plan iterations based on information the City gains from implementing Game Plan 2028, new technologies that emerge over the time period, and new State programs and regulations that are established to reduce GHG emissions. The Game Plan 2028 Moves do, however, make substantial progress on the City’s 2045 GHG emission reduction target by exceeding the State’s goal for 2030 (SB 32) to put Sunnyvale on a path to acheiveing the 2045 target (AB 1279).

Table 1 Sunnyvale Playbook Update 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary Play ID Play 2030 Play Target 2045 Play Target
2030 GHG Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
Play 1.1 Promote 100% clean
energy
100% clean energy 100% clean energy 3,320
Play 1.2 Increase local solar
photovoltaics
3% of electrical load from
local solar
5% of electrical load from
local solar
3 Play 1.3 Increase distributed
electricity storage
2% of electricity demand
stored in batteries locally
5% of electricity demand
stored in batteries locally
Supportive
Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Play 2.1 Reduce energy
consumption in existing
buildings
5% of existing homes and
businesses receive deep
energy retrofit
30% of existing homes
and businesses receive
deep energy retrofit
Supportive
Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

4 Play ID Play 2030 Play Target 2045 Play Target
2030 GHG Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
Play 2.2 Support electrification
of existing buildings
44% reduction in
residential natural gas
consumption; and 38%
reduction in commercial
natural gas consumption
92% reduction in
residential natural gas
consumption; and 86%
reduction in commercial
natural gas consumption
108,935
Play 2.3 Achieve all-electric new
construction
100% all-electric new
construction
100% all-electric new
construction
75,786
Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use Play 3.1 Increase opportunities
for and encourage
development of mixed-
use sites to reduce
vehicle miles per person
20% reduction in vehicle
miles per person
30% reduction in vehicle
miles per person
66,162
Play 3.2
Increase transportation
options and support
shared mobility
Play 3.3 Increase zero-emission
vehicles
42% of all vehicles on
road are zero-emission
vehicles
90% of all vehicles on
road are zero-emission
vehicles
98,079
Play 3.4 Decarbonize off-road
vehicles and equipment
30% of all vehicles and
equipment off road are
zero-emission
75% of all vehicles and
equipment off road are
zero-emission
15,753
Strategy 4: Managing Resources Sustainably
Play 4.1 Achieve Zero Waste
goals for solid waste
Reduce landfilled garbage
to 1 pound per person per
day and achieve 75%
diversion of landfilled
organics
Reduce landfilled garbage
to <1 pound per person
per day and achieve 75%
diversion of landfilled
organics
45,258
Play 4.2 Ensure resilience of
water supply
TBD TBD Supportive
Play 4.3 Enhance natural carbon
sequestration capacity
N/A N/A Supportive
Play 4.4 Promote awareness of
sustainable good and
services
N/A N/A Supportive
Strategy 5: Empowering Our Community
Play 5.1 Enhance community
awareness and
engagement
N/A N/A Supportive
Play 5.2 Track and share data
and tools
N/A N/A Supportive
Strategy 6: Adapting to a Changing Climate
Play 6.1 Assess climate
vulnerabilities for
Sunnyvale
N/A N/A Supportive
Attachment 2

Introduction

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 5 Play ID Play 2030 Play Target 2045 Play Target
2030 GHG Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
Play 6.2 Protect shoreline area
from seal level rise and
coastal flooding
N/A N/A Supportive
Play 6.3 Strengthen community
resiliency
N/A N/A Supportive
Total 413,274
Notes: TBD = to be defined per State requirements; N/A = not applicable

Table 2 City of Sunnyvale’s GHG Emissions Reductions Pathway GHG Emission Forecast or Reduction Target 2030 GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) Business-as-usual Forecast 931,298
Adjusted Forecast 833,092
GHG Emissions Reductions (from full implementation of Moves) 413,274 GHG Emissions Remaining (after Move reductions) 419,818 GHG Emission Reduction Target 441,846
GHG Emissions Gap (between remaining GHG emissions and target) (22,027) Target Anticipated to be Met Yes
Notes: Numeric numbers donated in parathesis represent negative numbers.

Figure 1 shows the GHG emission reduction targets in relation to the City’s GHG emissions after implementation of the Plays and Moves included in Game Plan 2028. The implementation progress achieved by 2030 is assumed to remain constant through 2045. Future Game Plan updates will include additional Plays and Moves as necessary and increase the rate at which Plays and Moves are implemented to reduce the gap through 2045 and achieve the long-term target. A complete description of each Play and its quantitative Moves is included in the remainder of the report.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

6 Figure 1 City of Sunnyvale’s GHG Emissions Reductions Pathway

2045 Gap
(266,717) MT CO2e
2030 Target Met
(58% below 1990 levels)
441,846 MT CO2e
2045 Target
(85% below 1990 levels)
150,629 MT CO2e
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
2008 2019 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
Reductions Needed to Meet Target 1990 Baseline
Business-as-Usual Forecast Adjusted Forecast
Sunnyvale Target Pathway Emissions after Game Plan 2028 Reductions Attachment 2

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 7 2 Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
The City of Sunnyvale’s strategy to promote clean energy focuses on leveraging the renewable and carbon-free electricity provided by Silicon Valley Clean Energy (SVCE) along with increasing the generation of local solar energy and increasing distributed electricity storage.3 Through continued reduction of non-SVCE and direct access usage rates along with installation of solar photovoltaic and energy storage systems, Sunnyvale will continue increasing the use of renewable and carbon-free electricity, reducing the GHG emissions associated with the community’s residential and commercial electricity consumption. This strategy will further amplify GHG emission reductions achieved through electrification of the City’s building stock (Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings) and transportation system (Strategy 3: Decarbonizing Transportation & Sustainable Land Use) by providing renewable and carbon-free electricity to meet the additional electricity demand resulting from these strategies. Based on this strategy, the Playbook Update’s clean energy strategy consists of the following Plays presented in Table 3. The table also indicates which Plays are quantitative and which Plays are supportive. The following subsections detail the substantial evidence and calculation methodologies of the quantitative Plays and the role of the supportive Plays.

Table 3 Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary Play ID Play 2030 Play Target
2030 GHG Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy
Play 1.1 Promote 100% clean energy. 100% clean energy 3,320 Play 1.2 Increase local solar photovoltaics. 3% of load from local solar 3 Play 1.3

Increase distributed electricity storage. 2% of electricity demand stored in batteries locally
Supportive
Total 3,323

3 Distributed energy storage consist smaller capacity energy storage units distributed close to end consumers. These storage systems can support the transition to renewable energy by smoothing out the timing differences between the supply of renewable energy and demand for energy.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

8 Play 1.1: Promote 100% clean energy.

Play 1.1 aims to increase the share of Sunnyvale’s residential and nonresidential electricity consumption sourced from clean energy to 100 percent. The primary Move that enables this target is Move 1.A which directs the City to continue to support and steer SVCE in providing electricity sourced 100 percent from a mix of carbon-free and eligible renewable sources to the Sunnyvale community.4
SVCE currently offers an electricity option with a GHG emission rate lower than the other electricity options offered in the region. This electricity option, known as GreenPrime, supplies electricity sourced 100 percent from solar and wind at a GHG emissions rate of zero.5 Currently, electricity customers in Sunnyvale are automatically enrolled in SVCE’s GreenStart electricity option but are allowed to opt-up to SVCE’s GreenPrime electricity option, opt-out to receive electricity directly from PG&E, or opt-out to procure electricity at wholesale directly from electricity generators (i.e., direct access). However, as of 2023, SVCE enrollment in GreenPrime has been closed due to current constraints in obtaining enough carbon-free and eligible renewable energy to accept more customers to this tier.6 SVCE is currently evaluating future and additional sources for carbon-free electricity and eligible renewables and anticipates being able to offer this tier to additional customers in the near future. Additionally, by 2030, SVCE plans to have an energy portfolio that will allow them to source 65 percent of their electricity from eligible renewables, while maintaining a 100 percent carbon-free energy portfolio on an annual basis.7 This Play assumes Sunnyvale will support SVCE in achieving this energy portfolio by 2030, supplying all Sunnyvale SVCE customers with electricity sourced 100 percent from a mix of carbon-free and eligible renewable sources for an electricity GHG emissions rate of zero.

Since SVCE’s inception and the move to automatically enroll Sunnyvale customers in SVCE, Sunnyvale has seen a two percent opt-out rate for residential customers and a three percent opt- out rate for commercial customers. For this reason, an opt-out rate of three percent is assumed for this Play’s quantification.

This low opt-out rate will be supported by education and available financial assistance programs.

The City understands cost is often the deciding factor for residents and businesses when making energy provider choices.8 For this reason, Sunnyvale will focus educational efforts on available financial assistance programs to keep customers in SVCE. Studies have also shown informational programs can result in up to a 70 percent implementation rate of recommended practices by participants.9 The City will, therefore, include education on the benefits of clean energy for residents and businesses to encourage customers to remain in SVCE. With these factors it is assumed the City will be able to maintain the SVCE opt-out rate to a minimum of three percent.

4 ‘Eligible renewable sources’ refers to renewable energy sources that are eligible for the Renewable Portfolio Standard. 5 California Energy Commission. 2021 Power Content Label: Silicon Valley Clean Energy. Accessed at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4672.
6 SVCE. Upgrade to GreenPrime. Accessed at: https://svcleanenergy.org/greenprime/. 7 SVCE. 2022 Integrated Resource Plan (2022). Accessed at: https://svcleanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/svce_irp_public_v1.pdf. 8 Villasenor, Karen. The City of Rancho Mirage Launches Community Choice Aggregation Program with Low Opt-Out Rate (2018).

Accessed at: https://www.civicbusinessjournal.com/city-rancho-mirage-launches-community-choice-aggregation-program-low-opt-rate/. 9 Laquatra, Joseph et al. The Consumer Education Program for Residential Energy Efficiency (2009). Accessed at:
https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009december/a6.php.

Attachment 2

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 9

Table 4 shows the parameters and data sources that support these clean energy GHG emission reductions and Table 5 shows the calculations as outlined in Equations 1 through 1.1.

SVCE Clean Energy Equations
Equation 1 CO2e ReductionElec,y,i=Total Elecy,i*(1-Opt-Out Rate)*(EFelec,y,i-EFCF and ER,y) Equation 1.1 Total Elecy,i=Elecy,i+Total Elec Convertedy,i

Table 4 SVCE Clean Energy Parameters and Data Sources
Variable Definition Value Unit Data Source
Equation 1
CO2e
ReductionElec,y,i
Electricity GHG emission
reductions
See calculation
table
MT CO2e Calculated
Total Elecy,i Total electricity
consumption
See calculation
table
kWh Calculated
Opt-Out Rate SVCE opt-out rate 3% percentage Estimated to account for potential opt-out from SVCE, minimized by
education on incentives and
benefits.8, 9
EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity
emission factor
See calculation
table
MT
CO2e/kWh
Forecast
EFCF and ER,y Electricity emission
factor of SVCE carbon-
free and eligible
renewable electricity
0 MT
CO2e/kWh
California Energy Commission10
y Year 2030 year N/A
i Subsector Residential or
Nonresidential

N/A N/A
Equation 1.1
Elecy,i Forecasted electricity
consumption
See calculation
table
kWh Forecast
Total Elec
Convertedy,i
Total electricity usage
from conversions
See calculation
table
kWh Play 2.2, Play 2.3, and Play 3.3. See
Section 3 (Strategy 2: Decarbonizing
Buildings) and Section 4 (Strategy 3:

Decarbonizing Transportation &
Sustainable Land Use) of this report.

10 California Energy Commission. 2021 Power Content Label: Silicon Valley Clean Energy.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

10 Table 5 SVCE Clean Energy GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Definition Definition Units Sector 2030
Equation 1
Elecy,i Forecasted electricity
consumption
kWh Residential 333,108,881
Nonresidential 1,520,790,248
Total Elec
Convertedy,i
Total electricity usage from
conversions
kWh Residential 309,650,488
Nonresidential 168,600,685
Total Elecy,i Total electricity consumption kWh Residential 642,759,369 Nonresidential 1,689,390,933
Equation 1
EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity emission
factor
MT CO2e/kWh Residential 0.0000016
Nonresidential 0.0000014
CO2e ReductionNG,y,i Electricity GHG emission
reductions
MT CO2e Residential 1,005
Nonresidential 2,316

Attachment 2

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 11 Play 1.2: Increase local solar photovoltaics.

Play 1.2 sets Sunnyvale up to transition three percent of the community’s electrical load to local solar energy by 2030. The primary Move that enables this target is Move 1.D which directs the City to enforce the solar panel requirements of the new building reach codes and the Moffett Park Specific Plan.

In 2021, Sunnyvale adopted reach codes for residential and commercial developments that require new construction projects to include solar panels. The codes require the residential buildings (including low-rise multi-family buildings) install a solar panel system with a generation capacity greater than or equal to the anticipated dwelling’s annual electrical usage and nonresidential buildings (including high-rise multi-family buildings) must install a minimum of three-kilowatt or five-kilowatt solar photovoltaic system based on square foot thresholds. The reach codes include an exemption to the solar photovoltaic requirement for nonresidential buildings (including high-rise multi-family buildings) that allows for a solar hot water system (i.e., solar thermal) instead of the solar photovoltaics.11, 12 In 2030, the residential reach codes alone have the potential to generate six percent of the City’s total electricity consumption with solar energy. This estimate makes three percent a conservative implementation goal for the Play since the estimate is higher than the implementation level even though it excludes potential solar installations on nonresidential buildings due to potential exemptions.13 Since these reach codes were adopted in 2021, they were not included in Sunnyvale’s 2019 inventory nor the adjusted forecast and are instead included in the Playbook Update as part of Move 1.D to allow the City to accurately account for the GHG emissions reductions.

The Moffett Park Specific Plan, adopted in July of 2023, also encourages the installation of solar photovoltaic systems in Moffett Park as part of the plan’s goals for energy and healthy, climate- ready site and building design (i.e., Policy IU-5.2, DS-4.7, and DS-4.8).14 These goals will further encourage local solar energy generation in Sunnyvale and support the Play’s target.

Table 6 shows the parameters and data sources that support these electrification ordinance GHG emission reductions and Table 7 shows the calculations as outlined in Equations 2 through 2.1. To remain conservative and avoid potential double counting (with Play 1.1), the calculations only apply the three percent implementation factor to the City’s non-SVCE electricity after Play 1.1.

11 City of Sunnyvale. Single-Family, Duplex, and Townhome Reach Codes (Rev 1/2023). Accessed at:
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/1780/637820861891230000. 12 City of Sunnyvale. Nonresidential and Multifamily Reach Codes (2021). Accessed at:
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/1496/637820847520270000#:~:text=BUILDINGS%20%2D%20HIGH%2DRI SE-,Electric%20appliances%20are%20required.,Gas%20lines%20are%20prohibited. 13 The six percent coverage by the residential reach codes was estimated by multiplying the number of new households expected to be built by 2030 (since reach code adoption in 2021) by the estimated annual system output of a solar system in Sunnyvale. The resulting annual kilowatt-hours of solar electricity was divided by the total forecasted electricity consumption (including residential electricity, nonresidential electricity, and additional electricity from electrification—see Play 2.2, Play 2.3, and Play 3.3) to calculate the share of electricity this potential solar electricity covers. New households were estimated using Sunnyvale’s adjusted forecast (i.e., change in projected households between 2030 and 2021). Estimated annual system output was calculated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s PVWatts Calculator for a four-kilowatt system in Sunnyvale. A four-kilowatt system is considered conservative for a household and the low end of the calculator’s outputs was used to remain conservative.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory. PVWatts Calculator. Accessed at: https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/pvwatts.php. 14 City of Sunnyvale. Moffett Park Specific Plan (2022). Accessed at: https://www.moffettparksp.com/.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

12 Local Solar Equations
Equation 2 CO2e ReductionElec,y,i= Non-SVCE Elecy,i*Converted Solary*(EFelec,y,i-EFsolar,y) Equation 2.1 Non-SVCE Elecy,i= Total Elecy,i*Opt-Out Rate

Table 6 Local Solar Parameters and Data Sources
Variable Definition Value Unit Data Source
Equation 2
CO2e
ReductionElec,y,i
Electricity GHG emission reductions See calculation
table
MT CO2e Calculated
Non-SVCE Elecy,i Electricity consumption from PG&E (aka. non-SVCE electricity)
See calculation
table
kWh Calculated
Converted Solary Percent of load converted to local solar energy
3% percentag
e
Estimated based on
conservative coverage
of reach codes.

EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity emission factor See calculation table
MT
CO2e/kWh
Forecast
EFsolar,y Electricity emission factor of solar
electricity
0 MT
CO2e/kWh
N/A
y Year 2030 year N/A
i Subsector Residential or
Nonresidential

N/A N/A
Equation 2.1
Total Elecy,i Total electricity consumption See calculation table
kWh Play 1.1
Opt-Out Rate SVCE opt-out rate 3% percentag
e
Play 1.1

Table 7 Local Solar GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Definition Definition Units Sector 2030
Equation 1.1
Total Elecy,i Total electricity consumption kWh Residential 642,759,369 Nonresidential 1,689,390,933
Non-SVCE Elecy,i Electricity consumption from
PG&E (aka. non-SVCE
electricity)
kWh Residential 19,282,781
Nonresidential 50,681,728
Equation 1
EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity emission
factor
MT CO2e/kWh Residential 0.0000016
Nonresidential 0.0000014
CO2e ReductionNG,y,i Electricity GHG emission
reductions MT CO2e Residential 0.93
Nonresidential 2.15

Attachment 2

Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 13 Play 1.3: Increase distributed electricity storage.

Play 1.3 aims to increase distributed electricity storage in Sunnyvale to store two percent of electricity demand in batteries locally by 2030. Distributed electricity storage consists of smaller capacity energy storage units located close to end consumers rather than in a few centralized locations. These systems support the transition to renewable and carbon-free electricity—and in turn support the GHG emission reductions from Play 1.1 and Play 1.2—by providing flexible, carbon- free electricity.

First, these systems prevent power fluctuations and power quality problems that may occur with renewable and carbon-free sources in the grid. The systems smooth out the timing differences between the supply of carbon-free, renewable energy (i.e., solar and wind) and the demand for energy. Solar and wind energy have variable output characteristics that mean supply will not match the energy demand at every time. Distributed electricity storage systems allow customers the flexibility to store energy when wind and solar supply is high and dispatch the stored energy when supply is low. This characteristic allows them to maintain consistent, high-quality power with a renewable grid and reduce GHG emissions by conserving renewable energy for use during times when renewable energy is not available, thereby offsetting fossil fuel-powered electricity generation.15 Similarly, distributed energy storage systems can shield customers from outages during extreme weather events. The stored renewable and carbon-free energy can be dispatched during supply outages, increasing resilience without requiring customers to switch to fossil fuel- based energy sources.16

15 Aktas, Ahmet. The Importance of Energy Storage in Solar and Wind Energy, Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (2020). Accessed at:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128212219000104. 16 International Energy Agency. Unlocking the Potential of Distributed Energy Resources (2022). Accessed at:
https://www.iea.org/reports/unlocking-the-potential-of-distributed-energy-resources.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

14 3 Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
The City of Sunnyvale’s strategy to decarbonize buildings leverages renewable and near-zero or zero-carbon electricity (provided by Strategy 1: Promoting Clean Energy) through building electrification and energy efficiency improvements. Electrifying Sunnyvale’s building stock consists of transitioning natural gas stationary equipment—the equipment that heats the water we use and heats and cools the spaces we live and work in—to electric alternatives. When combined with renewable and zero-carbon electricity, all-electric buildings eliminate GHG emissions from natural gas consumption and transition to a zero-emission operational energy footprint. Further, when accounting for the increased energy efficiency of modern appliances, building electrification can be cost-effective for the community and minimize electricity demand increases. Based on this strategy, the Playbook Update’s building decarbonization strategy consists of the following Plays presented in Table 8. The table also indicates which Plays are quantitative and which Plays are supportive. The following subsections detail the substantial evidence and calculation methodologies of the quantitative Plays and the role of the supportive Plays.

Table 8 Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Summary Play ID Play 2030 Play Target
2030 GHG
Emission
Reductions
(MT CO2e)
Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings
Play 2.1 Reduce energy consumption
in existing buildings.
5% of existing homes and businesses receive deep energy retrofit
Supportive
Play 2.2 Support electrification of
existing buildings.
44% reduction in residential natural gas consumption; and 38% reduction in commercial natural gas consumption
108,935
Play 2.3 Achieve all-electric new
construction.
100% all-electric new construction 75,786
Total 184,720

Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 15 Play 2.1: Reduce energy consumption in existing buildings.

Play 2.1 aims to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings by providing deep energy retrofits to five percent of existing buildings by 2030. While this reduction in energy consumption may provide GHG emission reductions, there is a high potential for double counting these GHG emission reductions as buildings are electrified (Play 2.2 and Play 2.3) and 100 percent renewable and carbon-free electricity is achieved (Strategy 1: Promote Clean Energy). Therefore, this Play is classified as supportive rather than quantified as it does, support these clean energy and electrification Plays.

When combined with electrification, energy efficiency improvements can support electrification by reducing utility bills over the long run and enabling better grid management by making room for added electrical load.17, 18 The Cost Effectiveness Explorer for California local governments demonstrates that energy efficiency measures—such as light-emitting diode (LED) installations, ductwork sealing, insulation improvements, and heat pump installations—make electrification cost- effective in Sunnyvale for existing and new buildings—especially when combined with the installation of solar photovoltaics.19 These energy efficiency improvements also decrease the demand existing appliances put on electrical infrastructure, making room for additional electricity demand from electrification projects.

17 American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). Electrification and Efficiency: Crafting an Enduring Relationship (2019).

Accessed at: https://www.aceee.org/blog/2019/01/electrification-and-efficiency. 18 Institute for Market Transformation (IMT). Stronger Together: Why Efficiency with Electrification Catalyzes Systems Change (2020).

Accessed at: https://www.imt.org/news/stronger-together-why-efficiency-with-electrification-catalyzes-systems-change/. 19 California Energy Codes & Standards. The Cost Effectiveness Explorer. Accessed at:
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/sunnyvale-city/study-results/4-PGE?only_study_type=existing-buildings.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

16 Play 2.2: Support electrification of existing buildings.

Play 2.2 puts Sunnyvale on a path to reduce residential natural gas consumption 44 percent and commercial natural gas consumption 38 percent by 2030 to reduce GHG emissions. The primary Moves that enable this level of adoption include both the Moves for the adoption and enforcement of replace on burnout ordinances (Move 2.G, Move 2.J, and Move 2.K) and the Moves that achieve early retirement of natural gas appliances and equipment (Move 2.D, Move 2.L, and Move 2.M).

Move 2.G and Move 2.J commit the City to adopting residential and commercial electrification ordinances by 2026 to require HVAC system and hot water heater replacements to be all-electric; and Move 2.K commits the City to increasing community compliance with the ordinances by implementing a comprehensive permitting compliance program.

These ordinances will prepare Sunnyvale residents and businesses to comply with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s (BAAQMD) amendments to Rule 9-4: Nitrogen Oxides from Fan Type Residential Central Furnaces and Rule 9-6: Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Boilers and Water Heaters. These rules govern point of sale emission standards for space and water heating systems starting January 1, 2027. The only technologies currently available that meet the amended indoor air quality rules are electric space and water heating systems. Although there are a range of electric alternatives (e.g. electric resistance space heating), heat pump HVAC and heat pump water heaters are the most cost-effective option on the market due to their significantly higher efficiency (300 to 400 percent) and resulting lower operating costs.20 These Moves target electric HVAC and water heater replacements specifically to prepare property owners and contractors for the BAAQMD rules and require electrification to save homeowners and property owners costs from duplicative or future infrastructure upgrades.

The City’s permit compliance program will work to increase compliance with the electric replacements required by the ordinances. Although permits are required for many energy efficiency improvements (e.g., water heaters, insulation, HVAC systems, duct replacement) many jurisdictions face permit evasion issues, with permitted HVAC systems only accounting for eight to about 30 percent of total installations.21, 22 This trend in permit evasion means jurisdictions face issues determining compliance with building ordinances and codes. Strategies that have proven effective at improving permit compliance in various states and local jurisdictions include streamlining the compliance process, improving third-party enforcement, and advanced training for enforcement staff—all actions Sunnyvale’s permit compliance program will implement to compliment the electrification ordinances.23 Sunnyvale will monitor permit numbers to estimate compliance rates and adjust the permit program strategies as needed to achieve a 85 percent compliance rate with

20 Redwood Energy. A Pocket Guide to All-Electric Retrofits of Commercial Buildings (2022). Accessed at: https://assets-global.website- files.com/62b110a14473cb7777a50d28/6377e7c7fd6f8cc30f88afa7_Redwood%20Energy-s%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20All- Electric%20Commercial%20Retrofits.pdf.
21 Emily Alvarez and Bruce Mast. BayREN Codes & Standards Program. Local Government Policy Calculator for Existing Single-Family Buildings – User Guide (2021). Accessed at: https://www.bayrencodes.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/BayREN-Policy-Calculator-User- Guide_10.29.2021.pdf.
22 California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). Final Report: 2014-16 HVAC Permit and Code Compliance Market Assessment (Work Order 6) Volume I – Report (2017). Accessed at:
http://www.calmac.org/publications/HVAC_WO6_FINAL_REPORT_VolumeI_22Sept2017.pdf. 23 Ryan Meres et al. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). Successful Strategies for Improving Compliance with Building Energy Codes (2012). Accessed at: https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000112.pdf.

Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 17 the electrification ordinances.24 Sunnyvale will also work with SVCE and Bay Area Regional Energy Network (BayREN) to design comprehensive outreach efforts to educate contractors on requirements and techniques for electric and heat pump replacements; and help property owners identify qualified/knowledgeable contractors.

Together, these Moves, will reduce residential natural gas consumption by 20 percent and commercial natural gas consumption by 17 percent by 2030 through the replace on burnout ordinances and the permit compliance program.

Table 9 shows the parameters and data sources that support these electrification ordinance GHG emission reductions and Table 10 shows the calculations as outlined in Equations 3 through 3.5.

Existing Building Electrification Ordinance Equations
Equation 3 CO2e ReductionNG,y,i=(Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i*EFNG)-(Elec Convertedy,i*EFelec,y,i) Equation 3.1 Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i=FuelNG,y,i*ReductionNG,y,i Equation 3.2 ReductionNG,y,i=(EOLNG,y,i,wh*Fuel ShareNG,i,wh)+(EOLNG,y,i,HVAC*Fuel ShareNG,i,HVAC) Equation 3.3 EOLNG,y,i,wh=1/LSPi,wh*(y-imp.yi)*(1-NCRi) Equation 3.4 EOLNG,y,i,HVAC=1/LSPi,HVAC*(y-imp.yi)*(1-NCRi) Equation 3.5 Elecconvert,y,i = Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i*CFelec/Effelec

Table 9 Existing Building Electrification Ordinance Parameters and Data Sources Variable Definition Value Unit Data Source
Equation 3
CO2e ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas GHG emission
reductions
See calculation
table
MT CO2e Calculated
Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i Natural gas consumption
avoided
See calculation
table
therms Calculated
EFNG Natural gas emission
factor

0.005321 MT
CO2e/ther
m
Inventory & Forecast
Elec Convertedy,i Electricity usage from
conversion
See calculation
table
kWh Calculated
EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity
emission factor
See calculation
table
MT
CO2e/kWh
Forecast
y Year 2030 year N/A
i Subsector Residential or
Nonresidential

N/A N/A
Equation 3.1
FuelNG,y,i Forecasted natural gas
consumption after new
building electrification
(Play 2.3)
See calculation
table
therms Forecast
ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas reduction
percent
See calculation
table
percentage N/A

24BAAQMD recently adopted zero nitrogen oxide (NOx) standards for building appliances. These rules require natural gas-fired furnaces and water heaters installed in 2027 and onward to emit zero NOx emissions. These rules will compliment Sunnyvale’s electrification ordinance (because electric appliances meet the standards) and strengthen the need for permit compliance in Sunnyvale to demonstrate compliance to BAAQMD. BAAQMD. Air District Strengthens Building Appliance Rules to Reduce Harmful NOx Emissions, Protect Air Quality and Public Health (2023). Accessed at: https://www.baaqmd.gov/news-and-events/page-resources/2023-news/031523-ba-rules.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

18 Equation 3.2
EOLNG,y,i,wh Percent of water heaters
reaching end-of-life
See calculation
table
percentage N/A
Fuel ShareNG,i,wh Percent of sector natural
gas consumption from
water heaters
See below rows
Fuel
ShareNG,Residential,wh
Percent of residential
natural gas consumption
from water heaters
50% percentage SVCE. Buildings Baseline
Study. Appendix C
(2020).25
Fuel
ShareNG,Nonresidential,wh
Percent of nonresidential
natural gas consumption
from water heaters
35% percentage Ibid.

EOLNG,y,i,HVAC Percent of HVAC units
reaching end-of-life
See calculation
table
percentage
Fuel ShareNG,i,HVAC Percent of sector natural
gas consumption from
HVAC units
See below rows
Fuel
ShareNG,Residential,HVAC
Percent of residential
natural gas consumption
from HVAC units
44% percentage SVCE. Buildings Baseline
Study. Appendix C
(2020).25
Fuel
ShareNG,Nonresidential,HVA
C
Percent of nonresidential
natural gas consumption
from HVAC units
35% percentage Ibid.

Equation 3.3
LSPi,wh Average water heater
lifespan in sector
See below rows
LSPResidential,wh Average residential water
heater lifespan
13 years U.S. Energy information
Administration. Updated
Buildings Sector
Appliance and
Equipment Costs and
Efficiencies (2023).26
LSPNonresidential,wh Average nonresidential
water heater lifespan
10 years Ibid.
imp.yi Ordinance
implementation year
See calculation
table
year N/A
NCRi Ordinance noncompliance
rate
15% percentage Estimate based on
permit evasion rates and
strategies to increase
building code
compliance.21, 22, 23
Equation 3.4
LSPi,HVAC Average HVAC unit
lifespan in sector
See below rows
LSPResidential,HVAC Average residential HVAC
unit lifespan

21.5 years U.S. Energy information
Administration. Updated
Buildings Sector
Appliance and
Equipment Costs and
Efficiencies (2023).26

25 SVCE. Appendices Buildings Baseline Study. Accessed at: https://www.svcleanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Appendices- SVCE-Buildings-Baseline-Study_FINAL.pdf
26 U.S. Energy Information Administration. Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs and Efficiencies (2023). Accessed at:
https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 19 LSPNonresidential,HVAC Average nonresidential
HVAC unit lifespan
23 years Ibid.

Equation 3.5
CFelec Electricity to therms
conversion factor

29.3 kWh/therm Metric Conversions27
Effelec Efficiency factor of electric
equipment relative to
natural gas equipment
3 unitless European Copper
Institute28

27 Metric Conversions. Therms (US) to Kilowatt-hours. Accessed at: https://www.metric-conversions.org/energy-and-power/therms-us- to-kilowatt-hours.htm.
28 European Copper Institute. Heat Pumps: Integrating technologies to decarbonise heating and cooling (2018). Accessed at:
https://help.leonardo-energy.org/hc/en-us/articles/203047881-How-efficient-is-a-heat-pump-.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

20 Table 10 Existing Building Electrification Ordinance GHG Emission Reduction Calculations
Definition Definition Units Sector 2030
Equation 3.1
FuelNG,y,i Forecasted natural gas
consumption after new
building electrification (Play

2.3)
therms Residential 21,357,897
Nonresidential 29,325,481
ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas reduction
percent
percentage Residential 20%
Nonresidential 17%
Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i Natural gas consumption
avoided
therms Residential 4,298,957
Nonresidential 5,007,007
Equation 3.3 & Equation 3.4
EOLNG,y,i,wh Percent of water heaters
reaching end-of-life since
ordinance implementation
percentage Residential 26%
Nonresidential 34%
EOLNG,y,i,HVAC Percent of HVAC units
reaching end-of-life since
ordinance implementation
percentage Residential 16%
Nonresidential 15%
imp.yi Ordinance implementation
year
year Residential 2026
Nonresidential 2026
Equation 3.5
Elec Convertedy,i Electricity usage from
conversion
kWh Residential 41,986,476
Nonresidential 48,901,769
Equation 3
EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity
emission factor
MT CO2e/kWh Residential 0.0000016
Nonresidential 0.0000014
CO2e ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas GHG emission
reductions
MT CO2e Residential 22,809
Nonresidential 26,575
The remaining 24 percent of residential natural gas consumption and 21 percent of commercial natural gas consumption that is planned to be reduced by 2030 will occur through voluntary replacements of gas appliances with electric appliances due to a combination of factors.

First, currently available incentives will help continue the natural growth in electric space and water heaters seen in California over the past decade. According to Opinion Dynamics’ California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022), electric space heaters have grown from a five percent market share in 2009 to a 20 percent market share in 2019. Likewise, electric water heaters have grown from a six percent market share in 2009 to an 11 percent market share in 2019.29 This natural trend is not only expected to continue through 2030 as electric appliances become more efficient and more cost-effective, but also be accelerated when coupled with the large amount of federal, State, regional, and SVCE funding available for Sunnyvale community members to replace their space and water heating appliances with electric or heat pump alternatives. While the total amount of funding available will change with sunset dates and

29 Opinion Dynamics. California Heat Pump Residential Market Characterization and Baseline Study (2022). Accessed at:
https://pda.energydataweb.com/#!/documents/2625/view.

Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 21 budget cycles, the currently available federal (i.e., High Efficiency Electric Home Rebate [HEEHRA], Homeowner Managing Energy Savings [HOMES] Rebate, Inflation Reduction Act), State (i.e., TEHC Clean California), regional (i.e., BayRENHome+ Program, Bay Area Multifamily Building Enhancements [BAMBE] Program), and local (i.e., SVCE’s rebates for California Alternate Rates for Energy [CARE] and Family Electric Rate Assistance Program [FERA] customers) funding incentivizes low- and middle-income residents in Sunnyvale to install heat pump space and water heaters at no additional cost compared to gas space and water heaters. In some cases, such customers will even be able to install the heat pump water heaters for free.30 This substantial amount of funding available to Sunnyvale residents and businesses will help drive the voluntary market trend for electric space and water heating appliances through 2030.

Second, Sunnyvale will support these trends to accelerate electrification by supporting a series of technical assistance programs and direct incentives to achieve early retirement of natural gas equipment. Move 2.D directs the City to work with SVCE and BayREN to offer robust incentives for residents and businesses to replace natural gas equipment with electric alternatives and upgrade supporting infrastructure before the natural gas equipment reach their end-of-life. This Move will continue and expand the local funding (i.e., SVCE’s rebates for CARE and FERA customers) currently available in Sunnyvale. The Move also direct the City to work with SVCE and BayREN to educate the community about the benefits of heat pumps and availability of incentives. Move 2.L directs the City to develop a Building Performance Standard for large, existing commercial buildings that requires electrification before 2030 by setting GHG emissions requirements (e.g., GHG emissions per square foot) in line with the City’s GHG emissions reductions targets. Lastly, Move 2.M directs the City to work with community partners to implement community-support programs that provide the technical assistance and incentives needed to make residential building electrification accessible and affordable to the community. It also directs the City to work with community partners to supply utilities at rates that support electrification because heat pump adoption in the U.S. is strongly correlated with electricity prices.31
With a focus on outreach, incentives, cost-effective utility rates, and technical assistance, these Moves, along with the existing market trends and available incentives, will help capture the remaining equipment replacements needed to reduce GHG emissions from natural gas consumption that the electrification ordinances do not cover (i.e., replacements before equipment reaches end- of-life). These Moves will help accelerate equipment replacements in Sunnyvale, as demonstrated as possible in Europe where, in 2022 alone, heat pump sales grew by over 40 percent.32 Because early retirement of natural gas appliances and equipment is more aggressive than actions needed to align with State goals and regulations, the City will need to monitor and scale their level of effort over time to meet the ambitious targets of this Play. The Moves will be monitored, scaled, and adjusted (through the Game Plan Update process outlined in “The Playing Field” section of the plan) to reach the targeted level of residential and commercial natural gas consumption reductions.

Table 11 shows the parameters and data sources that support these electrification programs and incentives for early retirement and Table 12 shows the GHG emissions reductions as outlined in Equations 4 through 4.2.

30 Rincon Consultants, Inc. Installation Costs for Zero-NOx Space and Water Heating Appliances (2024). 31 Davis, Lucas W. The Economic Determinants of Heat Pump Adoption (2024). National Bureau of Economic Research. Accessed at:
https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/ldavis/Davis%20NBER%20EEPE%202024.pdf. 32 International Energy Agency. Heat Pumps. Accessed at: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/heat-pumps.

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

22 Existing Building Technical Assistance and Incentive Program Equations Equation 4 CO2e ReductionNG,y,i=(Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i*EFNG)-(Elec Convertedy,i*EFelec,y,i) Equation 4.1 Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i=FuelNG,y,i*ReductionNG,y,i Equation 4.2 Elecconvert,y,i = Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i*CFelec/Effelec Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 23 Table 11 Existing Building Technical Assistance and Incentive Program Parameters and Data Sources
Variable Definition Value Unit Data Source
Equation 4
CO2e ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas GHG
emission reductions
See calculation
table
MT CO2e Calculated
Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i Natural gas
consumption avoided
See calculation
table
therms Calculated
EFNG Natural gas emission
factor

0.005321 MT CO2e/therm Inventory & Forecast
Elec Convertedy,i Electricity usage from
conversion
See calculation
table
kWh Calculated
EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity
emission factor
See calculation
table
MT CO2e/kWh Forecast
y Year 2030 year N/A
i Subsector Residential or
Nonresidential

N/A N/A
Equation 4.1
FuelNG,y,i Forecasted natural gas
consumption after new
building electrification
(Play 2.3)
See calculation
table
therms Forecast
ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas reduction percent for sector ReductionNG,y,i Residential natural gas
reduction percent
24 percentage Estimated based on the level
of residential reductions
targeted from early
retirement of natural gas
equipment by monitoring,
scaling, and adjusting
outreach, incentives, utility
rates, and technical
assistance programs.

ReductionNG,y,i Nonresidential natural
gas reduction percent
21 percentage Estimated based on the level
of nonresidential reductions
targeted from early
retirement of natural gas
equipment by monitoring,
scaling, and adjusting
outreach, incentives, utility
rates, and technical
assistance programs.

Equation 4.2
CFelec Electricity to therms
conversion factor

29.3 kWh/therm Metric Conversions33
Effelec Efficiency factor of
electric equipment
relative to natural gas
equipment
3 unitless European Copper Institute34

33 Metric Conversions. Therms (US) to Kilowatt-hours.
34 European Copper Institute. Heat Pumps: Integrating technologies to decarbonise heating and cooling (2018).

Attachment 2

City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update

24 Table 12 Existing Building Technical Assistance and Incentive Program GHG Emission Reduction Calculations
Variable Definition Units Sector 2030
Equation 4.1
FuelNG,y,i Forecasted natural gas consumption
after new building electrification (Play

2.3)
therms Residential 21,357,897
Nonresidential 29,325,481
Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i Natural gas consumption avoided therms Residential 5,184,036 Nonresidential 6,037,861
Equation 4.2
Elec Convertedy,i Electricity usage from conversion kWh Residential 50,630,750 Nonresidential 58,969,781
Equation 4

EFelec,y,i Forecasted electricity emission factor MT CO2e/kWh Residential 0.0000016 Nonresidential 0.0000014
CO2e ReductionNG,y,i Natural gas GHG emission reductions MT CO2e Residential 27,505 Nonresidential 32,046
Attachment 2

Strategy 2: Decarbonizing Buildings

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions Technical Report Final 25 Play 2.3: Achieve All-electric new construction.

Move 2.E commits the City to continue implementing and augmenting the reach codes that require all-electric new construction. In 2021, Sunnyvale adopted reach codes for residential and commercial developments that require new construction to be all-electric. The reach codes include exemptions for certain high-rise multi-family buildings and nonresidential buildings (i.e., F, H, and L occupancies, unavoidable gas applications, Emergency Operation Centers, commercial dryers in large hotels) but require the exempt buildings be prewired for future electric appliances.35, 36 Since these reach codes were adopted in 2021, they were not included in Sunnyvale’s 2019 inventory nor the adjusted forecast and are instead included in the Playbook Update as part of Move 2.N to allow the City to accurately account for the GHG emissions reductions. While the reach codes currently have exemptions that allow some buildings to be constructed with natural gas, this Play assumes 100 percent of new construction will be all-electric. To account for the new construction that may utilize the exemptions, this assumption is also incorporated into Sunnyvale’s CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds and CEQA GHG Emissions Analysis Compliance Checklist. This means new buildings that utilize the exceptions will need to mitigate the GHG emissions associated with their natural gas use below the GHG emissions level that they would have with all-electric construction. Thus, the GHG emission reductions from this Play are based on the forecasted residential and commercial building growth in the City and the assumption that 100 percent of new buildings will be all-electric. Table 13 shows the parameters and data sources that support these electrification GHG emission reductions and Table 14 shows the calculations as outlined in Equations 5 through 5.1.

All-electric New Construction Equations
Equation 5 CO2e ReductionNG,y,i=(Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i*EFNG)-(Elec Convertedy,i*EFelec,y,i) Equation 5.1 Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i=FuelNG,y,i-FuelNG,imp.yi Equation 5.2 Elecconvert,y,i = Fuel AvoidedNG,y,i*CFelec/Effelec

35 City of Sunnyvale. Single-Family, Duplex, and Townhome Reach Codes (Rev 1/2023). 36 City of Sunnyvale. Nonresidential and Multifamily Reach Codes (2021).

Attachment 2