Agenda packet — Visalia City Council, July 15, 2024 (part 2 of 4)

According to Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center, as of October 18, 2022, there have been roughly 5625,797,965 confirmed cases globally, approximately 6,750,892 globally deaths, 97,023,298 confirmed cases in the United States, and 1,065,841 U.S. confirmed deaths. According to the California Department of Public Health, 10,458,792 Covid-19 cases in California and 95,604 deaths as of October 13, 2022. According to the Tulare County Health and Human Services confirm 121,1902 cases in Tulare County and 1,538 confirmed deaths.

COVID -19 VACCINE
Multiple vaccines have been demonstrated to provide high levels of protection against the COVID virus with reports of only minimal and brief side effects following administration. Ensuring that the overwhelming percentage of our community’s population is vaccinated will greatly reduce the risk of the virus’s spread and will also protect our family, friends, co-workers, and neighbor. There are four approved or authorized vaccines in the United States:

 Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines are mRNA VACCINES  Novavax COVID-19 is a protein subunit vaccine
 Johnson & Johnson’s janssen (J&J/Janssen) COVID-19 vaccine is a viral vector vaccine is a viral vector vaccine and can be given in some situations

These vaccines are given as a shot in the muscle of the upper arm or in the thigh of a young child. COVID- 19 vaccine ingredients are considered safe for most people. Nearly all of the ingredients found in many foods-fats, sugar, and salts. None of the COVID-19 vaccines affect or interact with our DNA and the following are not included in the vaccines:

 No preservatives such as thimerosal or mercury or any other preservatives.  No antibiotics such as sulfonamide or any other antibiotics  No medicines or therapeutics such as ivermectin or any other medications.  No tissues such as aborted fetal cells, gelatin, any materials from any animal.

After the body produces an immune response, it discards all of the vaccine ingredients, just as it would discard any substance that cells no longer need. This process is a part of normal body functioning.

There are many benefits of getting vaccinated against COVID-19:
 Covid-19 VACCINES ARE AVIABLE IN THE United States are safe and are effective at protecting people from getting seriously ill, being hospitalized, and even dying  Getting children and teens vaccinated against COVID-19 can help keep them from getting very sick if they do get COVID-19
 Vaccinating children can also help relieve the strain on families by providing greater confidence in children participating in childcare, school, and other activities.  COVID-19 vaccines can offer added protection to people who had COVID-19, including protection against being hospitalized from a new infection, especially as variants continue to emerge.  As with vaccines for other diseases, people are protected best when they stay up to date with the Tulare County
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recommended number of doses and boosters, when eligible.

COVID-19 BOOSTERS
Boosters were called “monovalent” because they were designed to protect against the original virus that causes COVID-19. They also provide some protection against Omicron, but not as much as the updated (bivalent) boosters.

The updated (bivalent) boosters became available September 2, 2022. These boosters are called “bilvalent” because they protect against both the original virus that causes COVID-19 and the Omicron variant BA.4 and BA.5.

ESTIMATING POTENTIAL LOSSES
There is no way to adequately predict the loss of life, impacts to essential public services, or the economy as a result of an infectious disease outbreak or pandemic, particularly or pandemic, particularly in the case of an emerging infection disease (EID) or novel virus, where no vaccine exists, little is known about how the disease is spread, the virulence of the disease and how quickly it spreads, how to treat it, and who is at greatest risk.

2022 MONKEYPOX
also known as “mpox” or “MPX” are arising around the world, but the outbreak is disproportionately affecting the United States, with more than 26, 049 cases and total of two (2) deaths as of September 2022.

The monkeypox virus is spread through prolonged contact with an infected individual – including direct skin-to-skin contact with open lesions or bodily fluids, close face-to-face contact, or, less commonly, contact with contaminated clothing or linens. Given that monkeypox’s mode of transmission requires intimate contact, it is much less contagious than COVID-19.

Since early May 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported from countries where the disease is not endemic and continue to be reported in several endemic countries. Most confirmed cases with travel history reported travel to countries in Europe and North America, rather than West or Central Africa where the monkeypox virus is endemic. This is the first time that many monkeypox cases and clusters have been reported concurrently in non-endemic and endemic countries in widely disparate geographical areas.

Most reported cases so far have been identified through sexual health or other health services in primary or secondary health-care facilities and have involved mainly, but not exclusively, men who have sex with men.

The Jynneos vaccine, which has been approved for use since 2019, is the primary vaccine against monkeypox. Thankfully, the Jynneos vaccine already existed at the start of the outbreak because of U.S. investment in its development more than two decades ago. for monkeypox is safe and effective.

State of Emergency Declaration

“As a result of the continued consequences of the opioid crisis affecting our nation, on this date and after consultation with public health officials as necessary, I, Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, pursuant to the authority vested in me under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, do hereby renew, effective October 16, 2019, the October 26, 2017 determination by former Acting Secretary Eric D. Hargan, which he previously renewed effective January 24, 2018, and which I previously renewed effective April 24, 2018, July 23, 2018, October 21, 2018, January 19, 2019, April 19, 2019 and July 18, Tulare County
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2019, that a public health emergency exists nationwide as a result of the consequences of the opioid crisis.

As of this date, on the basis of my August 9, 2022 determination that there is a public health emergency, or a significant potential for a public health emergency, that affects or has a significant potential to affect national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad that involves monkeypox virus, I hereby declare that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for detection and/or diagnosis of infection with the monkeypox virus, including in vitro diagnostics that detect and/or diagnose infection with non- variola Orthopoxvirus, pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under that section”
Probability of Future Occurrences

Occasional – Even before the COVID-19 pandemic began, most public health experts considered another major pandemic to be inevitable. However, there is no definite way to predict when the next pandemic might occur. Some indicators will be present, but not every new virus turns into a pandemic. Based on the five pandemics that have affected the United States in roughly the last 100 years, a pandemic occurs on average roughly every 20 years.

Climate Change Considerations

Additional research is needed to determine the effects of climate change on the frequency and duration of epidemics and pandemics. Climate change may influence vector-borne disease transmission, although the direction of the effects (increased or decreased incidence) will be location- and disease-specific. The direction intensity and extent of certain diseases are projected to increase. According to the WHO, there has been research development into the linkages between climate and infectious disease transmission that examine the associations between climate variability and infectious disease occurrence, early indicators of emerging infectious disease impacts of climate change and using predictive models to estimate the future burden of infectious disease under different climate change scenarios (WHO 2003). In summary, future risks associated with climate change are difficult to predict, but changes in infectious disease transmission patterns are likely consequences of climate change. Climate change can impact when and where pathogens appear, particularly related to temperature and rainfall patterns.

Ongoing efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, building climate resiliency, and creating robust public health campaigns to prevent or prepare for possible increased vector-borne diseases may help to reduce the impacts of climate change on pandemics.

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Vulnerability Assessment

Preparing for, responding to, and recovering from a pandemic requires a strategy that includes a holistic suite of public health activities designed to lessen the impact on morbidity and mortality. These activities include education, vaccination, prophylaxis, isolation/quarantine, robust contact tracing programs, and the closure of public facilities. In addition, clear, concise communication with the public and with other agencies remains a critical component, as does the ability of the involved agencies to achieve collaboration and coordination. By their very nature, most pandemics, once started, will not be stopped until they have run their course. This course can be shortened and weakened by a number of factors, with vaccination being the most effective method for protecting the population Pandemic plans describe strategies of preparedness, response, and recovery to attempt to decrease illnesses and deaths during the pandemic period to manageable levels (i.e., that do not overwhelm the critical infrastructure) and to promote community resiliency and rapid recovery.

GENERAL PROPERTY
For the most part, property itself is not impacted by a human disease epidemic or pandemic. However, as concerns about contamination increase, property may be quarantined or destroyed as a precaution against spreading illness. Additionally, traditional sheltering facilities including homeless shelters or temporary facilities set up to support displaced persons due to an evacuation or other reason due to a simultaneous disaster occurring cannot be done in a congregate setting. This requires additional planning considerations or the use of facilities that allow for non-congregate shelter settings, which may require approval of a request to FEMA for non-congregate sheltering and may have an increased cost (such as the use of individual hotel rooms) as opposed to traditional congregate sheltering facilities.

PEOPLE
Pandemics can affect large segments of the population for long periods. The number of hospitalizations and deaths will depend on the virulence of the virus. Risk groups cannot be predicted with certainty; the elderly, people with underlying medical conditions, and young children are usually at higher risk due to their higher exposure rates from schools, but as discussed above this is not always true for all infectious agents. People without health coverage or access to good medical care are also likely to be more adversely affected. The mental health of the public could also be impacted depending on the length of the event and public health guidance on prevention.

As Previously described, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 219 million cases and more than 4.5 million deaths have been reported as of October 12, 2021. In addition to the direct impacts, the pandemic has disrupted life for many people. Most large gatherings have had to be cancelled, and many schools have closed. Sheltering in place and social distancing have been highly encouraged and, in some places, mandated, leaving some individuals isolated for months.

GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Medical staff can become overburdened with hundreds of additional cases on top of their normal workload.

All other responders will be impacted in similar proportions to the general public, thereby reducing available responders. Adverse impacts are expected to be severe for unprotected personnel and uncertain for trained and protected personnel, depending on the nature of the incident.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe impacts on healthcare workers and other responders. The difficulty of trying to protect themselves and their families while still doing their jobs was exacerbated initially by shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE). The mental health impacts on responders and healthcare workers have not been fully quantified but are likely to have impacts for moths if not years to come. Other responders will be impacted similarly to the general public, although the nature of their jobs may make social Tulare County
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distancing more difficult, which could potentially lead to higher infection rates, thereby reducing available responders.

Unscheduled sick leave from a large potion of the workforce could result in loss of productivity and delivery of services. Even without large numbers of infected workers, social distancing requirements and workplace closures can have a major impact on the government’s ability to deliver services, as seen during the COVID- 19 pandemic the demand for deliveries of essential goods will also increase.

The ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if planning, response, and recovery are not timely and effective. Help from the federal government and other states would likely be limited, as all personnel would be deployed throughout the country already. While the federal government would do what they can, communities would have to rely on their own resources for a much longer period of time as compared to other disasters. It is expected that the government will work towards a solution that will end the pandemic, typically by helping to distribute vaccines and antiviral agents. Continual public messaging and outreach are vital.

CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
In the event of a pandemic, especially one with high transmission rates and mortality rates such as healthcare facilities will be heavily affected and may be overwhelmed due to the limited number of beds, doctor and medical staff, laboratory testing capacity, and possible PPE shortages. Indirect impacts can also result in these facilities being temporarily offline due to testing or other precautionary monitoring and downed systems. Further, outbreaks in small cities and counties may cause medical facilities to reach capacity very quickly. Other critical facilities and infrastructure are not directly affected by a pandemic but may have difficulty maintaining operations and maintenance activities due to a significantly decreased workforce.

Schools may also be forced to close due to facility and staffing shortages.

ECONOMY
Pandemics can have extensive economic impacts, as evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on social gatherings. Social distancing requirements have affected nearly every segment of the local and national economy, most notably the restaurant and hospitality industries. Additionally, tourism may be impacted in affected areas. As a result, the unemployment rate can increase, which also occurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Other economic impacts including varying disruptions in the food supply chains and other essentials medical services.

HISTORIC , CULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Impacts on these resources are typically minimal.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Population growth and development contribute to pandemic exposure. Future development in and around Tulare County has the potential to change how infectious diseases spread through the community and impact human health in both the short- and long-term. New development may increase the number of people and facilities exposed to public health hazards and greater populations concentrations (often found in special needs facilities, businesses, and school campuses) put more people at risk. During a disease outbreak those in the immediate isolation area would have little to no warning, whereas, the population further away in the dispersion path may have some time to prepare and mitigate against disease depending on the hazard, its transmission, and public notification.

Risk Summary:
 Pandemics affecting the U.S. occur roughly once every 20 years but cannot be reliably predicted.  Valley Fever is especially prevalent in California’s Central Valley, including Tulare County; people Tulare County
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and animals can catch Valley Fever and get sick when they breathe in dust that contains the Valley Fever fungus, which usually infects the lungs and can cause respiratory symptoms.  Effects on people will vary, but a significant portion of the population could become ill and may need to be hospitalized.
 Effects on property are typically minimal, although quarantines could result in short-term closures.  Community lifelines, such as healthcare facilities, like hospitals will be impacted and may be overwhelmed and have difficulty maintaining operations due to bed availability, medical staffing shortages, and lack of PPE and other supplies.
 Lost productivity due to illness and potential business closures could potentially have severe economic impacts, such as increased unemployment related in the County. Social distancing requirements and fear of public gatherings could also significantly reduce in-person commerce.  The hazard is considered high significance across all participating jurisdictions  Ongoing mitigation activities should focus on disease prevention, especially during flu season. This includes, but is not limited to, pre-season community outreach campaigns to educate the public about risks and available support; establishing convenient vaccination centers; reaching out to vulnerable populations and care givers; and issuing advisories and warnings.

4.3.17 Seiche

Hazard Profile

This hazard profile contains multiple sections that detail how this hazard can affect Tulare County. These sections include a hazard/problem description; description of location and extent; past occurrences of this hazard; and how climate change can affect this hazard.

Hazard/Problem Description

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers defines seiche as:

A standing wave oscillating of an enclosed water body that continues, pendulum fashion, after the cessation of the originating force, which may have been eight seismic or atmospheric.

An oscillation of a fluid body in response to a disturbing force having the same frequency as the natural frequency of the fluid system. Tides are now considered to be seiches induced primarily by the periodic forces caused by the sun and moon.

In the Great Lakes area, any sudden rise in the water of a harbor or a lake whether or not it is oscillatory (although inaccurate in a strict sense, this usage is well established in the Great Lakes area).

Seiches can be generated when the water is subject to changes in wind or atmospheric pressure gradients or, in the case of semi-enclosed basins, by the oscillation of adjacent connected water bodies having a periodicity close to that of the seiche or of one of its harmonics. Other, less frequent causes of seiches include heavy precipitation over a portion of the lake, flood discharge from rivers, seismic disturbances, submarine mudslides or slumps, and tides. The most dramatic seiches have been observed after earthquakes.

Another way a seiche can occur is a sudden land tilt or drop as a result of fault rupture or other seismic activity. A tsunami in turn could trigger seiche waves within seconds that could crisscross the lake, reach heights of 30 feet or more, and persist for hours.

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Figure 4-71 Lake Kaweah Basin Topography

Figure 4-72 Lake Success Basin topography

Source: USGS
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Past Occurrences

Disaster Declaration History

There have been no federal or state disasters from seiche in Tulare County. The County had no USDA disaster declarations since 2002 related to seiche.

NCDC Events

The NCDC does not track seiche events.

Likelihood of Future Occurrences

Unlikely – There have been no occurrences of major seiche activity at Lake Kaweah or Lake Success in recent years. Based on past occurrences, the likelihood of future occurrence in the near future is unlikely.

However, given the evidence of past historical events and the location of faults within the Kaweah or Tahoe area, and the ore recent seismic activity in the Kaweah region or Success region, a future seiche event at events is a possibility.

Climate Change and Seiche

Climate change is unlikely to affect earthquake caused seiche; however, landslides caused seiche may be affected by climate change. A discussion on climate change and landslide can be found in Section 4.3.14.

Future Development

Development in areas located around Lake Kaweah and Lake Success in potential seiche impact areas consist of primarily infill and redevelopment of both residential and commercial areas.

4.3.18 Tree Mortality

Hazard Profile

Hazard/Problem Description

One of the many vulnerabilities of drought in Tulare County is the increased risk of widespread tree mortality events that pose hazards to people, homes, and community infrastructure, create a regional economic burden to mitigate, and contribute to future fuel loads in forests surrounding communities. During extended drought, tree mortality is driven by a build-up in endemic bark beetle populations and exacerbated by latent populations of a suite of native insects and disease. Non-native forest pests (insects and/or pathogens) can also contribute to tree mortality events.

The most common driver of tree morality are forest pests in the bark beetle category. Bark beetles mine the inner bark (the phloem-cambial region) on twigs, branches, or trunks of trees and shrubs. Bark beetles Tulare County
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frequently attack trees weakened by drought, disease, injuries, or other factors that may stress the tree. Bark beetles can contribute to the decline and eventual death of trees; however only a few aggressive beetle species are known to be the sole cause of tree mortality. Bark beetle mortality and the scope and scale of mortality is closely linked with two common factors: high stand densities of trees and extended drought - both of which are common occurrences in the forests of Tulare County.

Commonly tree mortality incidences have been within endemic background levels and highly localized and dispersed in nature; however, in the past two decades, larger more widespread tree mortality events have occurred in various parts of California creating land management challenges that have notable socio-economic impacts to mountain communities. Forests with high densities of trees are particularly vulnerable during extended drought where endemic bark beetle populations can explode to epidemic proportions in a short amount of time, as recently experienced during the 2012-2016 tree mortality event in the central and southern Sierra Nevada counties (see Figure 4-73).

Figure 4-73 Examples of Widespread Tree Mortality Induced by Drought in the Southern Sierra Nevada in May 2015 (left) and February 2016 (right).

Source: CAL FIRE 2021

In addition to bark beetles, many tree mortality factors include a complex of pathogens and insects. For example, various types of fungal root diseases and trunk rots can create water stress on trees that contribute to susceptibility to bark beetle mortality. Outbreaks of forest defoliator insects have also occurred throughout the county. While defoliation events are not huge drivers of mortality, these incidents have contributed to localized areas of concern. These defoliation events make true fir forest stands more vulnerable to fir engraver bark beetle mortality (see Figure 4-74).

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Figure 4-74 Tree Mortality as the Result of Insect and Disease Risk Map

Source: Forest Health Protection, 2015

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Figure 4-75 Bark Beetle Activity 2011-2014 Hume Lake

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Figure 4-76 Bark Beetle Activity 2011-2014 Western Divide

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Figure 4-77 Bark Beetle Activity 2011-2014 Kernville

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Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests evolved with and are adapted to periodic drought; however high stand densities - in combination with periodic drought and pest/pathogen complexes - make trees particularly susceptible to larger scale mortality events. Widespread mortality events contribute to hazardous fuel accumulations which, in tum, contribute to elevated wildfire hazard. Elevated tree mortality within striking distance of homes, roads, and community infrastructure also contribute to operational complexities and economic burden on rural forested counties.

Location and Extent

Onset of tree mortality events can be relatively fast as seen in Figure 4-106; however, conditions - such as high stand densities- that lead to tree mortality accumulate slowly over time. Duration of tree mortality is lengthy, as once the tree dies, it remains in place until removed by human activity, wildfire, or breakdown of the wood by nature. Many areas in Tulare County have seen increases in tree mortality. The County has mapped these areas, and that map is shown in Figure 4-78.

Figure 4-78 Tulare County- Tree Mortality Areas

Source: CAL FIRE, 2022

Past Occurrences

Disaster Declaration History

There have been no federal or state disaster declarations due to tree mortality, as shown in Table 4-4. No Tulare County
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USDA disaster declarations have been declared either, as shown in Table 4-6.

On October 6, 2015, the County of Tulare proclaimed a local emergency due to tree mortality, which increases threats to public health and safety, including fire, falling tree/debris, and air quality hazards, and requested that the Governor proclaim a State of Emergency and that the Governor request a Presidential Declaration of Emergency or Major Disaster.

While not a disaster declaration, on October 30, 2015, Governor Brown proclaimed a State of Emergency and included provisions to expedite the removal and disposal of dead and dying hazardous trees. As a result, costs related to identification, removal, and disposal of dead and dying trees caused from drought conditions may be eligible for California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA) reimbursement.

NCDC Events

The NCDC does not track tree mortality events in Tulare County.

Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Events

Widespread tree mortality events have occurred in Tulare County primarily due to high tree densities and drought episodes that facilitate a build-up of endemic bark beetle populations. Tree mortality events have also occurred from defoliation insects, plant diseases and from introduction of non-native forest pests.

Table 4-60 Hazardous Fuel and Tree Reduction Projects from 2019 to 2023 in Tulare County
Date Location Description Cost
2023 Camp Nelson Project will focus on the modification of vegetation and the creation of a strategically located fuel break adjacent to Camp Nelson reducing the available fuel and thus increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires, and reducing the spread of fuel from the wildland into the wildland-urban interface.
$523,145
2022 Mineral King
Hazardous Fuel
Reduction
Project
This project will remove approximately 40-feet on either side of the roadway creating an approximately 110-feet wide area and securing the evacuation route. The project will also include two chipper days.

N/A
2022 North Fork
Hazardous
Fuels
Reduction
Project
The project is located in the High Fire Severity Zone and is to modify and remove the vegetation along North Fork Drive for approximately 10 miles. The project will also have a minimum of two public chipper days.

N/A
2021 Heartland Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Heartland, reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires into the wildland -urban interface.

N/A
2021 Western Divide
Hazard Tree
Removal
The project will focus on hazard trees within 150’ each side from the road from the center line as well as those areas covered by categorical exclusion signed and on file with the Sequoia National Forest, Western Divide Ranger District.

N/A
2021 Sugar Loaf Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Sugar, reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires into the wildland-urban interface.

N/A
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Date Location Description Cost
2021 Parker Pass Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Parker Pass, reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires into the wildland-urban interface.

N/A
2021 Headage Line Johnsondale to Great Western Divide. N/A 2020 South Fork
Hazard Fuel
Reduction
Project
The project is located in the High Hazard Severity Zone. Removing potential wildland fire fuel from approximately 40-feet on either side of the roadway for nearly 6-miles.

N/A
2020 Silver City
Hazard Fuel
and Tree
Reduction
Project
Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Silver City, reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires, reducing the spread of fire from the wildland into the wildland-urban interface.
$200,019
2020 Posey Hazard
Fuel and Tree
Reduction
Project
Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Posey Christian Camp reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires, reducing the spread of fire from the wildland into the wildland-urban interface. $248,314
2020 Parker Pass
Hazard Fuel
and Tree
Reduction
Project
Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Parker Pass reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires, reducing the spread of fire from the wildland into the wildland-urban interface.

N/A
2019 Great Western
Divide Hazard
Fuel and Tree
Reduction
Project
Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Great Western Divide reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires, reducing the spread of fire from the wildland into the wildland-urban interface.

N/A
2019 Pieze Valley
Hazard Fuel
and Tree
Reduction
Project
Project focus on the modification of vegetation adjacent to the community of Pieze Valley (Badger/Hartland) reducing the available fuel, increasing roadside safety, securing the vital ingress and egress route for residents evacuating from fast moving wildland fires, reducing the spread of fire from the wildland into the wildland -urban interface.

N/A
Source: Tulare County

Hazard Tree Management

Southern California Edison (SCE) has been working and inspecting variables that could lead to a wildfire to getting out of control. Many trees in the Sierra Nevada Region have been affected by bark beetle activity, pathogens, drought, and other variables and have become fuel that wildfires can use to rapidly go out of control. Figure 4-79 shows the area that SCE’s service area covers which is approximately 84% of the county. Hazard tree management is being done in this area and in the year 2021 7,942 trees in the county have been assessed, while the total since 2018 is 20,888 trees assessed.

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Figure 4-79 Southern California Edison Coverage 2021

Source: Southern California Edison

Grant Awards

Tulare County has been on the receiving end of a multitude of grant programs throughout the years. Grant programs included are:

County Coordinators Grant
Listos Grant Program
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Edison International Fire-Safe Community Grant Program

Table 4-61 Grant Awards
Year Grant Project Name/ Recipient Amount/Award
2018 Edison International Fire-Safe
Community Grant
Awareness Through Education for the
Community of Three Rivers
$5,010
2018 Edison International Fire-Safe
Community Grant
Wood Chipper for Community
Chipping Days
$22,400
2021 Listos Outreach Toolkit Program Three River Fire Safe Council Listos Project

2021 Listos Trailer Toolkit Program Three Rivers Defensible Space Fire Brigade
Custom Toolkits
and Trailers
2022 Cal Fire County Coordinators
Grant Program
Tulare County $4.2 million

Table 4-62 Tulare County Fire Tree Mortality Projects
Year Projects Total Trees Removed
2021 Heartland, Sugar Loaf, Parker Pass, Johnsondale 16,600 6,800-Sugar Loaf
2,200-Parker Pass
7,600-Johnsondale
2020 South Fork in Three Rivers, Silber City, Posey, and Parker Pass
7,000
2019 Highway 190 and Hartland 6,000
Source: Tulare County Fire Annual Report List

Climate Change and Tree Mortality

Climate Change

The USDA has an article written by Jessica E. Halofsky in 2021 about climate change in the Sierra Nevada region.

The article brings up the climatic and topographic diversity of the Sierra Nevada and its proximity to other bioregions and how that has contributed to its diverse vegetation assemblages. Approximately 3,500, or half of California’s 7,000 plant species, occur in the Sierra Nevada, and 400 of that amounts occur only in the Sierra Nevada region. There are many possibilities discussed on how climate change may affect the vegetation through various models and our own understanding of the environment.

The west slope of the Sierra Nevada, vegetation ranges from chaparral and foothill woodlands to mixed- conifer forests at mid elevations, to subalpine forests at high elevations. Alpine vegetation types are found above tree line. Descending the east side of the range, there are narrow belts of subalpine and pine-dominated forests, with pinyon juniper woodlands and desert scrub vegetation types at lower elevations.

Climate change is likely to alter the species composition and structure of vegetation in the Sierra Nevada.

Altered disturbance regimes (e.g., drought, insects, wildfire) are likely to be the major catalysts of vegetation change. The 2012–2017 drought, insect damage, and associated forest mortality in the Sierra Nevada illustrate how extreme climatic events can affect ecosystems in the region. Wildfire, which is directly affected by climate, is a dominant ecological process in the Sierra Nevada. Modern climate and fire records indicate that over the past century in the Western United States, warm and dry conditions in any given year (primarily in summer, but also in winter and spring) generally have led to larger fires and more area burned.

Warmer spring and summer conditions led to increased evapotranspiration, lower summer soil and fuel Tulare County
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moisture, and longer fire seasons. Dry fuels and longer fire seasons are associated with higher area burned, although summer precipitation is an important modifier of fire activity. A warming climate in future decades will have profound effects on fire frequency and extent in the Sierra Nevada.

Simulations by Lenihan et al. (2003, 2008) indicated a 5 to 8 percent increase in annual area burned in California, depending on future climate. Projections by Westerling and Bryant (2008) suggested risk of large fires will increase by 12 to 53 percent by the end of the century across California, depending on climate scenario. For the Sierra Nevada, Liang et al. (2017) projected increases in fire area burned per decade of 393,000 to 457,000 ac. They also projected increases in fire size and decreases in fire rotation. Recent projections by Westerling (2018) indicate that annual average area burned in parts of the Sierra Nevada may double or quadruple by end of century (comparing 2070–2099 to 1961–1990) under RCP 8.5. Although these projections vary (because of differences in model types and assumptions), it is clear that increased fire area burned is likely in a warmer future in the Sierra Nevada.

Fire severity may also increase, depending on how climate alters disturbance regimes and fuels. Increases in area burned and moisture deficits are likely to shift vegetation composition to more fire- and drought-tolerant species over decades to centuries. These changes are likely to occur more quickly in areas where disturbance frequency is higher at low to mid elevations. Using the LANDIS-II landscape model, Liang et al. (2017) projected increased recruitment of drought-tolerant species (e.g., oak, gray pine, ponderosa pine, pinyon pine, and Jeffrey pine) in Sierra Nevada forests in a warming climate, particularly at mid-elevations, because of increased wildfire and moisture limitations; less drought-tolerant species had much lower recruitment.

However, if fire sizes increase substantially in the future, recruitment failures of drought-tolerant species may also occur in lower elevation mixed-conifer forest, woodland species may increase in abundance. In general, broadleaf trees, such as oaks, may increase in abundance with loss of winter frost and increases in nighttime temperatures.

Increased area burned and drought severity will likely favor shrubs in mid- and low-elevation forests.

Grasslands may also expand in area, particularly in a hotter and drier climate with frequent fire. Increased area burned is likely to lead to increased area burned at high severity, decreasing the fraction of old-growth forest patches and connectivity of these patches across the landscape. Increasing summer drought stress will decrease growth for many species in mid- to low-elevation forests, and increase vulnerability to insects and disease, likely causing tree mortality in some locations. Second-growth forests with high stem density and surface fuel loadings may be particularly vulnerable to drought, fire, and insect outbreaks in the future.

Decreased snowpack and a longer growing season may reduce habitat for subalpine and alpine vegetation types in some locations in the Sierra Nevada, as conditions become more suitable for lower elevation conifer species. However, warmer temperatures, earlier snowmelt, and longer growing seasons may increase subalpine conifer growth, and conifer encroachment in meadows will likely increase. Drought and fire may become more common disturbances, although north aspects are likely to remain cooler, retain more snow, and provide refugia for high-elevation plant and animal species.

While warmer and wetter weather patterns may increase forest growth, warmer temperatures - in combination with longer periods of prolonged summer drought - will likely increase forest insect and disease outbreaks and the occurrence of high severity fire. High-intensity wildfires, drought, and declining forest health are some effects of climate change that are worsening the threats to forests and reducing forest productivity.

Hotter and drier weather alter forest hydrology and water balance available to forest communities. Increased temperatures alter the timing of snowmelt, affecting the seasonal availability of water with earlier dry conditions which then provides fuel to earlier and hotter fires from stressed trees and shrubs. Drought also reduces trees' ability to produce sap, which protects them from destructive insects and diseases. Research by the US Forest Service has found that large trees may be most susceptible to climate driven mortality - which Tulare County
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the authors suggested can also be compounded by high stand densities of small trees due to fire suppression.

Others suggest that "regional warming and consequent increases in water deficits are likely contributors to the increase in mortality rates," and suggest that exogenous warming trends may be more of a driver of mortality, particularly in large diameter trees, than increasing stand density. Nonetheless, research indicates that warming climate is driving changes in forest structure.

Battles et al. (2008) evaluated the impacts of climate change on the mixed-conifer region in California and provide insight to forest health concerns and management implications for forest managers. This study and others found that changes in climate could "exacerbate forest health concerns" by increasing weakened tree susceptibility to mortality as a result of fire, disease epidemics and insect outbreaks and potentially enabling forest insects and disease to expand ranges or increase potential for widespread damage (Battles et al 2008; Allen et al 2015). These predictions were realized the following decade in the central and southern Sierra Nevada wherein vast stretches of ponderosa pine forest were decimated in a drought driven epidemic. Other research suggest that landscape level tree mortality may drive extreme fire behavior and high severity of future fire events in these forests - emphasizing that tree morality events have consequences for Tulare County communities.

Vulnerability Assessment

Vulnerability – High

Dead trees may fall or deteriorate in their entirety or in part- either mechanism has the potential for injury, death, or inflicting severe damage to targets. As the time since tree mortality increases, so does the deterioration of wood and the potential for tree failure. During the 2012-2018 drought, the state of California Tree Mortality Task force designated multiple Tier 1 and Tier 2 High Hazard Zones where tree morality posed an elevated risk to human health, properties, and resource values. A number of Tulare County areas were designated during this event as Tier 2 high hazard zones because of the significant levels of tree mortality. These areas were shown on Figure 4-74.

Impacts

Tree mortality affects industrial and non-industrial timber landowners by reducing inventory and degrading timber quality and yield from forest properties. As seen in the central and southern Sierras during the 2012- 2018 tree mortality event, the glut of dead timber creates an oversupply beyond what sawmills can handle and process, thereby reducing or eliminating the value of dead trees for salvage. In these cases, tree mortality can create economic hardship on forest landowners of all sizes as they try to mitigate safety hazards posed by standing dead and deteriorating trees and development of future fuel accumulations - which leads to increase fire risk.

During tree mortality events, the cost of removing dead trees far exceeds the salvage value of the tree. This can create an undue burden on forest landowners of all sizes, particularly for residential areas where there are many complexities in removing trees such as power infrastructure, homes, water lines, and other assets that need to be protected.

Future Development

Development standards in California take wildfire into account; however, there are no standards developed for reducing the risk of tree mortality. Areas of Very High Fire Hazard Severity have increased scrutiny regarding development standards and siting. An increase in tree mortality may increase the fire risk and be a factor in development in areas of high tree morality and wildfire risk as an increase in dead and dry fuels may increase the wildfire risk in the future.

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4.3.19 Wildfire

Hazard Profile

Hazard/Problem Description

California is recognized as one of the most fire‐prone and consequently fire‐adapted landscapes in the world.

The combination of complex terrain, Mediterranean climate, and productive natural plant communities, along with ample natural and aboriginal ignition sources, has created conditions for extensive wildfires.

Wildland fire is an ongoing concern for the Tulare County Planning Area. Generally, the fire season extends from June through October of each year during the hot, dry months; however, recently the fire season has been nearly year around. Fire conditions arise from a combination of high temperatures, an accumulation of vegetation, low humidity, and high winds. Wildland fires that burn in natural settings with little or no development are part of a natural ecological cycle and may actually be beneficial to the landscape. Century old policies of fire exclusion and aggressive suppression have given way to better understanding of the importance fire plays in the natural cycle of certain forest types.

Location and Extent

Wildfire risk in Tulare County varies by location. According to the HMPC, within the County, the middle and upper elevations of the County are the primary concern when considering the wildland fire hazard, with their limited access, steep terrain and remote location. Factors contributing to the wildfire risk in Tulare County include

 Overstocked forests, severely overgrown vegetation, and lack of defensible space around structures;  Excessive vegetation along roadsides and hanging over roads, fire engine access, and evacuation routes;
 Drought and overstocked forests with increased beetle infestation or kill in weakened and stressed trees;
 Narrow and often one-lane and/or dead-end roads complicating evacuation and emergency response as well as the many subdivisions that have only one means of ingress/egress;  Inadequate or missing street signs on private roads and house address signs;  Nature and frequency of lightning ignitions; and
 Increasing population density leading to more ignitions.

WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE
Throughout California, communities are increasingly concerned about wildfire safety as increased development in the foothills and mountain areas and subsequent fire control practices have affected the natural cycle of the ecosystem. While wildfire risk is predominantly associated with wildland urban interface (WUI) areas, significant wildfires can also occur in heavily populated areas. The wildland urban interface is a general term that applies to development adjacent to landscapes that support wildland fire. The WUI defines the community development into the foothills and mountainous areas of California. The WUI describes those communities that are mixed in with grass, brush and timbered covered lands (wildland).

These are areas where wildland fire once burned only vegetation but now burns homes as well. The WUI Tulare County
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for Tulare County consists of communities at risk (discussed in the Vulnerability Assessment below) as well as the area around the communities that pose a fire threat.

There are two types of WUI environments. The first is the true urban interface where development abruptly meets wildland. The second WUI environment is referred to as the wildland urban intermix. Wildland urban intermix communities are rural, low density communities where homes are intermixed in wildland areas.

Wildland urban intermix communities are difficult to defend because they are sprawling communities over a large geographical area with wild fuels throughout. This profile makes access, structure protection, and fire control difficult as fire can freely run through the community.

WUI fires are the most damaging. WUI fires occur where the natural and urban development intersect. Even relatively small acreage fires may result in disastrous damages. WUI fires occur where the natural forested landscape and urban‐built environment meet or intermix. The damages are primarily reported as damage to infrastructure, built environment, loss of socio‐economic values and injuries to people.

The pattern of increased damages is directly related to increased urban spread into historical forested areas that have wildfire as part of the natural ecosystem. Many WUI fire areas have long histories of wildland fires that burned only vegetation in the past. However, with new development, a wildland fire following a historical pattern now burns developed areas. WUI fires can occur where there is a distinct boundary between the built and natural areas or where development or infrastructure has encroached or is intermixed in the natural area. WUI fires may include fires that occur in remote areas that have critical infrastructure easements through them, including electrical transmission towers, railroads, water reservoirs, communications relay sites or other infrastructure assets. Human impact on wildland areas has made it much more difficult to protect life and property during a wildland fire. This home construction has created a new fuel load within the wildland and shifted firefighting tactics to life safety and structure protection.

TULARE COUNTY WILDFIRE SETTING
As previously stated, there are areas in the County that are prone to wildfire. Wildland fires affect grass, forest, and brushlands, as well as any structures located within them. Where there is human access to wildland areas the risk of fire increases due to a greater chance for human carelessness and historical fire management practices. Generally, there are four major factors that sustain wildfires and allow for predictions of a given area’s potential to burn. These factors include fuel, topography, weather, and human actions.

 Fuel – Fuel is the material that feeds a fire and is a key factor in wildfire behavior. Fuel is generally classified by type and by volume. Fuel sources are diverse and include everything from dead tree leaves, twigs, and branches to dead standing trees, live trees, brush, and cured grasses. Also, to be considered as a fuel source are manmade structures, such as homes and other associated combustibles. The type of prevalent fuel directly influences the behavior of wildfire. Fuel is the only factor that is under human control. As a result of effective fire suppression since the 1930s, vegetation throughout the county has continued to grow and accumulate, and hazardous fuels have increased. As such, certain areas in and surrounding Tulare County are extremely vulnerable to fires as a result of dense vegetation combined with a growing number of structures being built near and within rural lands. These high fuel hazards, coupled with a greater potential for ignitions, increases the susceptibility of the County to a catastrophic wildfire.  Topography – An area’s terrain and land slopes affect its susceptibility to wildfire spread. Both fire intensity and rate of spread increase as slope increases due to the tendency of heat from a fire to rise via convection. The arrangement of vegetation throughout a hillside can also contribute to increased fire activity on slopes.
 Weather – Weather components such as temperature, relative humidity, wind, and lightning also affect the potential for wildfire. High temperatures and low relative humidity dry out fuels that feed wildfires, creating a situation where fuel will ignite more readily and burn more intensely. Thus, Tulare County
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during periods of drought, the threat of wildfire increases. Wind is the most treacherous weather factor. The greater a wind, the faster a fire will spread and the more intense it will be. Winds can be significant at times in Tulare County. North winds in Tulare County are especially conducive to hot, dry conditions, which can lead to “red flag” days indicating extreme fire danger. In addition to wind speed, wind shifts can occur suddenly due to temperature changes or the interaction of wind with topographical features such as slopes or steep hillsides. Lightning also ignites wildfires, often in difficult to reach terrain for firefighters.
 Human Actions – Most wildfires are ignited by human action, the result of direct acts of arson, carelessness, or accidents. Many fires originate in populated areas along roads and around homes, and are often the result of arson or careless acts such as the disposal of cigarettes, use of equipment or debris burning. Recreation areas that are located in high fire hazard areas also result in increased human activity that can increase the potential for wildfires to occur.

Wildfires tend to be measured in structure damages, injuries, and loss of life as well as on acres burned and the intensity of the burn. CAL FIRE measures fuels in the areas as part of their Fire Hazard Severity maps.

Extents are measured in the following Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) categories (discussed in more detail below):

 Very High
 High
 Moderate
 Non-Wildland/Non-Urban
 Urban/Unzoned

Fires can have a quick speed of onset, especially during periods of drought. Fires can burn for a short period of time, or may have durations lasting for a week, many weeks, or more.

POST -WILDFIRE LANDSLIDES AND DEBRIS FLOWS

Post-wildfire landslides and debris flows are not generally a concern in Tulare County due to the lack of sloped areas. Fires that burn in sloped areas remove vegetation that holds hillsides together during rainstorms. Once that vegetation is removed, the hillside may be compromised, resulting in landslides and debris flows. Mapping of these events has taken place since 2013. Those mapped areas in the County are presented below.

2016 CEDAR FIRE LANDSLIDE AND DEBRIS FLOW MAPPING

Post-fire debris flow hazard assessments for the Cedar Fire were performed by the USGS. These assessments are prepared at the request of land and emergency management agencies responsible for managing wildfires impacts. The assessments are presented as a series of maps and geospatial data showing the probability of debris flows and their expected volume for burned drainage basins. Other landslide hazard assessments produced by the USGS are performed at the request of government agencies or sometimes as demonstration products from research to improve methods of hazard and risk assessment.

Figure 4-80 estimates of the likelihood of debris flow (in %), potential volume of debris flow (in m3), and combined relative debris flow hazard from the Cedar Fire. These predictions are made at the scale of the drainage basin, and at the scale of the individual stream segment. Estimates of probability, volume, and combined hazard are based upon a design storm with a peak 15-minute rainfall intensity of 24 millimeters per hour (mm/h).

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Figure 4-80 2016 Cedar Fire Landslide Debris Flow Probabilities

Source: USGS (https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=3)

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Figure 4-81 2017 Pier Fire Landslide Debris Flow Probabilities

Source: USGS (https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=115)

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Figure 4-82 2020 SQF Complex - Castle Fire Landslide Debris Flow Probabilities

Source: USGS (https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=337)

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Figure 4-83 2020 SQF Complex - Rattlesnake Fire Landslide Debris Flow Probabilities

Source: USGS (https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=330)

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Figure 4-84 SQF Complex Fire

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Figure 4-85 2021 Windy Fire Landslide Debris Flow Probabilities

Source: USGS (https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=402)

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Figure 4-86 2021 KNP Complex Fire Landslide Debris Flow Probabilities

Source: USGS (https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow/detail.php?objectid=406)

Past Occurrences

Disaster Declaration History

Tulare County has had four federal disaster declarations from fire events, as shown on Table 4-63.

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Table 4-63 Tulare County – State and Federal Disaster Declarations Summary 1950-2020

Disaster Type Federal Declarations
Count Years
Fire 4 2016, 2017, 2020 (Twice)
Source: FEMA

NCDC Events

The NCDC has tracked wildfire events in the County dating back to 1993. Events in Tulare County in the database are shown in Table 4-64.

Table 4-64 NCDC Wildfire Events in Tulare County 1997 to 7/31/2022

Event Type Number of
Events
Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage
Wildfire 82 0 25 $66,333,000 0
Source: NCDC
(https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Wildfire&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_ dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=1950&endDate_mm=07&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2022&county=TULARE%3A107&hai lfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=6%2CCALIFORNIA) * Deaths, injuries, and damages are for the entire event, and may not be exclusive to the County.

CAL FIRE Events

CAL FIRE, USDA Forest Service Region 5, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the National Park Service (NPS), Contract Counties and other agencies jointly maintain a comprehensive fire perimeter GIS layer for public and private lands throughout the state. The data covers fires back to 1878 (though the first recorded incident for the County was in 1917). For the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, and US Forest Service, fires of 10 acres and greater are reported. For CAL FIRE, timber fires greater than 10 acres, brush fires greater than 50 acres, grass fires greater than 300 acres, and fires that destroy three or more residential dwellings or commercial structures are reported. CAL FIRE recognizes the various federal, state, and local agencies that have contributed to this dataset, including USDA Forest Service Region 5, BLM, National Park Service, and numerous local agencies.

Fires may be missing altogether or have missing or incorrect attribute data. Some fires may be missing because historical records were lost or damaged, fires were too small for the minimum cutoffs, documentation was inadequate, or fire perimeters have not yet been incorporated into the database. Also, agencies are at different stages of participation. For these reasons, the data should not be used for statistical or analytical purposes.

Table 4-65 Tulare County – Wildfires by Acres Burned 2007-2022 Wildfire Name

Date Cause
Description
Total Acres
Burned by Fire
Cost
Case 1987 4,723
Lopez/Kern Company #8 1995 1,985
Oak Flat 1996 1,000
Kaweah 1996 4,479
White Oak 1996 7,150
Castle Complex 1996 1,633
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Wildfire Name

Date Cause
Description
Total Acres
Burned by Fire
Cost
Coffee 1997 Vehicle fire 2,420
Fernandez 1997 43,700
King 2000 3,243
Manter 2000 Possible arson 74,439 $11.2M
Chance 2000 1,200
Borel 2002 3,430
McNally 2002 Illegal campfire 150,696 $45.7M
Cooney (TIA 2415) 2003 Lightning 1,928 $22K
NPS #6 Paradise 2003 1,298
Kaweag/Kern Complex 2003 Lightning
Albanita/Hooker 2003 Lightning $150K
Deep Fire 2004 3,143 $7.91M
Millwood 2005 2,600
Pine 2005 1,600
Craig 2005 Lightning 1,098
Red 2005 Human 840 $1M
Alpaugh 2006 1,700
Kern 19 Cottonwood 2006 2,500
Maggie Fire 2006 Lightning 1,233
Tamarack Fire 2006 Lightning 4,654
Coyote Fire 2006 Lighting 2,000 $879K
Broader-Beck Fire 2006 Lightning 3,490 $560K
Grouse 2007 1,022
Goldledge 2007 4,196
Rock Fire II 2007 Unknown 1,005 $200K
F#88 Shannon Inc. 2007 2,140
Honey Bee 2008 1,225
Clover 2008 15,300
Hidden 2008 3,668
Lion 2009 3,988
Granite 2009 1,417
Lion 2011 20,674
George 2012 1,707
Fish 2013 Lightning 2,060
Soda 2014 1,612
Rough 2015 151,623
Cabin Fire 2015 Lightning 6,980
Cedar 2016 29,322
Chimney Fire 2016 Human 1,324
Tule Fire 2016 Undetermined 395
Slate 2016 Lightning 2,160
Elephant II 2017 Arson 416
Dinely Fire 2017 Equipment 339
Lion Fire 2017 Lighting 19,215
Roadrunner Fire 2017 Arson 2,289
Schaeffer Fire 2017 Lightning 16,031
Indian 2017 Lightning 2,295
Hawk Fire 2017 2,940
Hogback Fire 2017 58
Pier Fire 2017 Miscellaneous 36,566
Alder/Mountaineer/Moses Fire 2018 Lightning 5,942
River 7 2018 Undetermined 496
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Wildfire Name

Date Cause
Description
Total Acres
Burned by Fire
Cost
Mountaineer 2018 Lightning 1,2710
Creek 2019 Equipment 756
Broder 2019 Lightning 381
Cow 2019 Lightning 2019
Castle Fire/SQF Complex 2020 Lightning 174,178 $5.6M
Grade 2020 Under
Investigation
1,050
Rattlesnake 2020 Lightning 8,419
Stagecoach 2020 7,760 $153.9K
Moraine 2020 Lightning 1,316
Mountain Fire 2021 135
Success Fire 2021 800
Nettle Fire 2021 1,265
Lewis Hill Fire 2021 350
Park Fire 2021 100
KNP Complex Fire 2021 88,307

Source: CAL FIRE (https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/IncidentSearch?q=Tulare)

Likelihood of Future Occurrence

Highly Likely — From May to October of each year, Tulare County faces a wildfire threat. Fires will continue to occur on an almost annual basis in the Tulare County Planning Area. The threat of wildfire and potential losses constantly increase as human development and population increase in the wildland urban interface area in the County. This results in a highly likely rating of future occurrence.

Climate Change and Wildfire

Climate change and its effect on wildfire in the County have been discussed by Cal-Adapt – 2014.

Cal Adapt

Warmer temperatures can exacerbate drought conditions. Drought often kills plants and trees, which serve as fuel for wildfires. Warmer temperatures could increase the number of wildfires and pest outbreaks, such as the western pine beetle. Cal-Adapt’s wildfire tool predicts the potential increase in the amount of burned areas for the year 2080-2089, as compared to recent (2010) conditions. Based on this model, Cal-Adapt predicts that wildfire risk in Tulare County will increase slightly (and much less than other California counties) in the near term and subside during mid-to late-century. However, wildfire models can vary depending on the parameters used. Cal-Adapt does not take landscape and fuel sources into account in their model. In all likelihood, in Tulare County, precipitation patterns, high levels of heat, topography, and fuel load will determine the frequency and intensity of future wildfire.

Cal-Adapt has also sought to model annual averages of area burned in the State. Four models have been selected by California’s Climate Action Team Research Working Group as priority models for research contributing to California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Projected future climate from these four models can be described as producing:

 A warm/dry simulation (HadGEM2-ES) – shown by the red line on the below charts  A cooler/wetter simulation (CNRM-CM5) – shown by the blue line on the below charts Tulare County
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 An average simulation (CanESM2) – shown by the green line on the below charts  The model simulation that is most unlike the first three for the best coverage of different possibilities (MIROC5) – shown by the purple line on the below charts Future modeled annual averages of area burned from Cal-Adapt for the Tulare County are shown in Figure 4-83. It shows the following:
 The upper chart shows modeled annual averages of area burned for the selected area on map under the RCP 8.5 scenario in which emissions continue to rise strongly through 2050 and plateau around 2100.
 The lower chart shows modeled annual averages of area burned for the selected area on map under the RCP 4.5 scenario in which emissions peak around 2040, then decline.

The unincorporated community of Three Rivers is a diverse, rural community located in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. Three Rivers is positioned adjacent to State Route 198, which connects it with Visalia, the County Seat, located 30 miles southwest of Three Rivers. Three Rivers is five miles south of the entrance to Sequoia National Park. It lies in a natural valley area created by the convergence of the North, Middle, East, and South Forks of the Kaweah River near the eastern edge of Lake Kaweah.

Three Rivers is a unique community with many valuable natural assets including the Kaweah River, with its various forks that flow through the community. Within Three Rivers there are thousands of acres of open space defined by oak woodlands, chaparral, and geological feature, such as canyons, and rock outcroppings, which are bounded by steep terrain that falls away from the sheer ridge tops into the canyons and ultimately to the Kaweah River. These natural resources and diverse landscape of Three Rivers contributes to the beauty, character, and recreational opportunities enjoyed and valued by the community.

The community of Three Rivers is worked together to build fire adapted communities, resilient to wildfire. The Three Rivers Fire Safe Council created Three Rivers Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP):
 Identify areas at risk for wildland fire;
 Make recommendations for hazardous fuels treatments (vegetation thinning);  Prioritize areas for wildfire mitigation funding;
 Make recommendations for homeowners to reduce fire risk;  Ask the public to share ideas about wildfire prevention and identify community values at risk.  The Three Rivers Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) is a Story Map which allows you to explore the plan through interactive maps, graphics, and other visual resources  https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c6fc55d390dd48b8b9f89b9f90e6be32.

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Figure 4-87 Tulare County – Future Acreage Burned: High and Low Emission Scenarios

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Figure 4-88 Tulare County – Future Acreage Burned: Medium Emissions Scenarios

Source: https://cal-adapt.org/tools/wildfire/
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Vulnerability Assessment

Vulnerability—Extremely High

Risk and vulnerability to the Tulare County Planning Area from wildfire is of concern, with some areas of the County being at greater risk than others as previously described. Fuel loads in portions of the County, along with geographical and topographical features, create the potential for both natural and human-caused fires that can result in loss of life and property. These factors, combined with natural weather conditions common to the area, including periods of drought, high temperatures, low relative humidity, and periodic winds, can result in frequent and sometimes catastrophic fires. During the May to October fire season, the dry vegetation, and hot and sometimes windy weather results in an increase in the number of ignitions. Any fire, once ignited, has the potential to quickly become a large, out-of-control fire. As development continues throughout the County, especially in these interface areas, the risk and vulnerability to wildfires will likely increase.

Tulare County Communities at Risk to Wildfire

The National Fire Plan is a cooperative, long-term effort between various government agency partners with the intent of actively responding to severe wildland fires and their impacts to communities while ensuring sufficient firefighting capacity for the future. For purposes of the National Fire Plan, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) generated a list of California communities at risk for wildfire. The intent of this assessment was to evaluate the risk to a given area from fire escaping off federal lands. Three main factors were used to determine the wildfire threat in the wildland-urban interface areas of California: fuel hazards, probability of fire, and areas of suitable housing density that could create wildland urban interface fire protection strategy situations. The preliminary criteria and methodology for evaluating wildfire risk to communities is published in the Federal Register, January 4, 2001. The National Fire Plan identifies 14 “Communities at Risk” in Tulare County. These are shown in Table 4-66.

Table 4-66 Tulare County Communities at Risk to Wildfire Communities at Risk
Badger Poso Park
Camp Nelson R Ranch (Johnsondale)
East Porterville (Doyle Colony) Springville
Exeter Three Rivers
Kennedy Meadows Tule River
Lindsay Tule River Indian Reservation
Pine Flat Wilsonia
Source: CAL FIRE (https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/community-wildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/fire- plan/communities-at-risk/)

Impacts

Wildfires can result in loss of life, injuries, damage to structures, and can cause short-term and long-term disruption to the County. Fires can have devastating effects on watersheds through loss of vegetation and soil erosion, which may impact the County by changing runoff patterns, increasing sedimentation, reducing natural and reservoir water storage capacity, and degrading water quality. Potential losses from wildfire can also include those to agricultural lands and crops in the County as well as to natural resources such as wildlife and habitat areas.

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Although the physical damages and casualties arising from wildland-urban interface fires may be severe, it is important to recognize that they also can cause significant economic impacts by resulting in a loss of function of buildings and infrastructure. In some cases, the economic impact of this loss of services may be comparable to the economic impact of physical damages or, in some cases, even greater. Economic impacts of loss of transportation and utility services may include traffic delays/detours from road and bridge closures and loss of electric power, potable water, and wastewater services. In addition, catastrophic wildfire can create favorable conditions for other hazards such as flooding, landslides and mudflows, and erosion during the rainy season. School closures can also occur.

Wildfires can spread quickly and devastate thousands of acres of land, which may include agricultural lands.

This devastation could lead to large losses in crops, forestry, livestock, and agricultural infrastructure.

WILDFIRE (SMOKE ) AND AIR QUALITY
Smoke and air pollution from wildfires can be a severe health hazard. Significant wildfires occurring in nearby counties since the 2013 LHMP have created significant air pollution affecting area residents County residents have had to breathe wildfire smoke, from fires both within and outside of the County. Smoke from wildfires is made up of gas and particulate matter, which can be easily observed in the air. Air quality standards have been established to protect human health with the pollutant referred to as PM2.5 which consists of particles 2.5 microns or less in diameter. These smaller sizes of particles are responsible for adverse health effects because of their ability to reach the lower regions of the respiratory tract.

INSURANCE IN WUI AREAS
The HMPC noted that in the WUI areas, there has been increased difficulty in obtaining home insurance and the cost of insurance premiums. Some residents have experienced cancellations of their policies due to catastrophic and recent wildfires occurring throughout California which has reduced the risk tolerance of many insurance companies. This increases costs to those who live in the WUI, and in some circumstances limits where people choose to live.

The HMPC noted additionally that insurance premium increases and policy cancellations not only increase the cost of living (a particular challenge for those in DAC and SDAC communities) it also affects the real estate industry and, in turn, the tax base. This can have implications for schools and infrastructure in the County.

WILDFIRE – GREEN WASTE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
The County noted that during wildfire clean up, large amounts of green waste may need to be dealt with.

Green waste is a term that was coined to refer to organic waste that can decompose and has a high concentration of nitrogen. The waste is also commonly referred to as biological waste. Some of the materials that make up green waste include leaves and grass clippings. If these are allowed to dry out, they can create fuels for additional wildfires.

The County also noted that after large wildfires, household hazardous waste if often disposed of. This can cause issues for landfills, as well as for those who handle waste between a household and the landfill.

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Figure 4-89 Hazardous Material Transport

WILDFIRE AND POWER SHORTAGE /PSPS
During periods of wildfire (or during periods of elevated risk due to high temperatures, low humidity, and high winds), PSPS events may be declared in the County. More information on power shortage and failure can be found at the beginning of Section 4.3.

WILDFIRE ANALYSIS
The Tulare County Planning Area has mapped CAL FIRE fire hazard severity zones (FHSZs) based on fire responsibility areas as further described below. GIS was used to determine the possible impacts of wildfire within the County and how the wildfire risk varies across the Planning Area.

Fire Hazard Severity Zone Analysis
As part of the Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP), CAL FIRE was mandated to map areas of significant fire hazards based on fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. These zones, referred to as FHSZs, then define the application of various mitigation strategies to reduce risk associated with wildland fires.

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Fire hazard is a way to measure the physical fire behavior so that people can predict the damage a fire is likely to cause. Fire hazard measurement includes the speed at which a wildfire moves, the amount of heat the fire produces, and most importantly, the burning fire brands that the fire sends ahead of the flaming front.

The fire hazard model developed by CAL FIRE considers the wildland fuels. Fuel is that part of the natural vegetation that burns during the wildfire. The model also considers topography, especially the steepness of the slopes. Fires burn faster as they burn up-slope. Weather (temperature, humidity, and wind) has a significant influence on fire behavior. The model recognizes that some areas of California have more frequent and severe wildfires than other areas. Finally, the model considers the production of burning fire brands (embers) how far they move, and how receptive the landing site is to new fires.

In 2007, CAL FIRE developed its FHSZ maps for the State of California to provide updated map zones, based on new data, science, and technology that will create more accurate zone designations such that mitigation strategies are implemented in areas where hazards warrant these investments. The zones will provide specific designation for application of defensible space and building standards consistent with known mechanisms of fire risk to people, property, and natural resources. The program is still ongoing with fire hazard severity zone maps being updated based on designated responsibility areas: FRA, SRA,and LRA.

The CAL FIRE data, detailing FHSZs within the Tulare County Planning Area, was utilized to determine the locations, numbers, types, and values of land and structures falling within each FHSZ. The following sections provide details on the methodology and results for this analysis.

Methodology

CAL FIRE mapped the SRA FHSZs, or areas of significant fire hazard, based on fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. Zones are designated with Very High, High, Moderate, Non-Wildland/Non-Urban and Urban Unzoned hazard classes. The goal of this mapping effort is to create more accurate fire hazard zone designations such that mitigation strategies are implemented in areas where hazards warrant these investments. The FHSZs will provide specific designation for application of defensible space and building standards consistent with known mechanisms of fire risk to people, property, and natural resources.

FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES ANALYSIS RESULTS : VALUES AT RISK Results are presented in this section for the Tulare County Planning Area and the unincorporated County.

Detail tables for the incorporated communities are included in their respective annexes to this LHMP Update.

TULARE COUNTY PLANNING AREA
The FHSZs in SRA adopted by CAL FIRE in Tulare County are shown in Figure 4-90. The FHSZs in LRA in Tulare County are shown in Figure 4-91 Details specific to land uses in the incorporated jurisdictions in the County are shown in their respective annexes to this Plan Update.

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Figure 4-90 Tulare County Planning Area – Fire Hazard Severity Zones

Source: https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/community-wildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/wildfire-preparedness/fire- hazard-severity-zones/fire-hazard-severity-zones-map/

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Figure 4-91 Tulare County Planning Area – FHSZs in LRA

Source: https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/6625/fhszl06_1_map54.jpg

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Figure 4-92 Tulare County—Fire Hazard Areas, 2022

Figure 4-93 Porterville—Fire Hazard Areas, 2022

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Figure 4-94 Woodlake—Fire Hazard Areas, 2022

Tulare County - Community Defense Zone and Escape Route Project

The Community Defense Zone and Escape Route Project proposes the reduction of hazardous fuels which pose a threat to life or property in and around the mountain communities of Tulare County. This project encompasses the communities of Panorama Heights, Pine Flat, California Hot Springs, and Camp Nelson as well as smaller communities adjacent to those listed, including Posey, Idlewild, Poso Park, Balance Rock, Sugarloaf Village, Posey, Sugarloaf Mountain Park, Sugarloaf Sawmill, White River Summer Home Tract, Guernsey Mill, Spear Creek, Peel Mill Creek, Alpine, Cedar Slope, and Belknap. Roads identified for treatment include Old Stage Rd, Sugarloaf Dr., Guhl Rd, Jack Ranch/Capinero, Jack Ranch, Capinero, Camp Dr./Poso Park, Spear Cr/Peel Peak, Nelson Dr., Coy Flat Dr., Redwood Dr., Hot Springs Dr., and M56. This project is intended to meet best management practices through collaboration across interested and affected parties including United States Forest Service, Calfire, and Tulare County. Attached map is for initial area identification only.

DESCRIPTION :

The Escape Route portion of the project will include a 600’ wide fuel reduction measured 300’ on each side from the center point of the roadway and is intended to reduce fire spread and intensities along major evacuation routs in and around populated areas. The Community Defense Zone Project will be a 300’ wide shaded fuel break immediately adjacent to private property boundaries to reduce fire spread and intensities where private and public lands meet. These areas were selected as past studies have shown that large landscape scale fuel reduction projects are most efficiently accomplished through fire management which most closely resembles fires’ natural role in the ecosystem while reduction of fuels closest to structures provides fire suppression crews higher chances of success during a wildfire event.

All areas in this project are characterized as coniferous forest. Some lower elevations in the project areas contain hardwood stands with annual grass understory. Years of fire suppression have resulted in areas of heavy chaparral and large accumulations of dead woody ground fuels in varying states of decay. Western Tulare County
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Pine Beetle infestation has caused vast expanses of standing dead trees throughout the project area.

SCOPE :

The scope of the project will be those fuels within the Tulare County road easement (300’ from the road center line) as well as private/public boundary areas covered by a categorical exclusion signed and on file with the Sequoia National Forest, Western Divide Ranger District.

TREATMENT METHODS :

A combination of mastication, chipping, chainsaws, and piling and burning will be utilized. Fire intensities will be mitigated by fuel reduction through biomass removal, burning, and rearrangement by mastication, chipping or scattering. No new roads or skid trails will be established, and any tracked vehicles will be limited to slopes of less than 50%. Any access points will be covered or blocked to deter OHV use. Seasonal soil conditions must be suitable for tracked vehicle application to reduce ground disturbance and subsequent erosion.

PRESCRIPTION :

Fuels targeted for removal/rearrangement are standing dead trees, chaparral, heavy ground fuel accumulation, and standing live trees with less than 18’ average stem spacing. Trees left standing will be limbed to 5’. Brush stands will be reduced up to 80%. Ground fuels in such a state of decay that has them embedded into the soil will be left to minimize ground disturbance, otherwise up to 90% of downed logs will be removed or chipped. All standing trees greater than 12” DBH, hardwoods greater than 10” DBH, and brush greater 8” at the stump will be retained unless standing trees contain defects or lean in such a way to present a hazard to personnel or private property. The edges of the fuel break on the public lands side will be feathered to maintain visual aesthetics and wildlife habitat.

SITE SPECIFIC INFORMATION :

Roads identified for 300’ from centerline, 600’ wide total treatment are:

 Old Stage Rd: 3mi, 218 acres
 Sugarloaf Dr: 5mi, 363 acres
 Guhl Rd: 1mi, 73 acres
 Cattle Run: 2.5mi, 181 acres
 Jack Ranch/Capinero: 2mi, 145 acres
 Jack Ranch: 2.5mi, 181 acres
 Capinero: 3.5mi, 255 acres
 Camp Dr/Poso Park Dr: 1mi, 73 acres
 Spear Creek/Peel Peak Rd: 2.5mi, 181 acres
 Nelson Dr: 1mi, 73 acres
 Coy Flat: 1mi, 73 acres
 Redwood Dr: 6.5mi, 472 acres
 Hot Springs Rd: 2.5mi, 181 acres
 M56: 2.5mi, 181 acres

Communities identified for 300’ wide from private boundary include:

 Panorama Heights: 2mi, 73 acres
 Sugarloaf Village: 2mi, 73 acres
 Sugarloaf Sawmill: 1.5, 55 acres
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 Sugarloaf Mountain Park: 1.5, 55 acres
 Poso Park: 1.75mi, 64 acres
 Balance Rock: 1.75mi, 64 acres
 Peel Mill Creek: 1.75mi, 64 acres
 Idlewild: 1.5mi, 55 acres
 Posey: 1.75 64 acres
 White River Summer Home Tract: .5mi, 20 acres
 Guernsey Mill: 1.5mi, 55 acres
 Spear Creek: .25mi, 10 acres
 Pine Flat: 3.5mi, 127 acres
 California Hot Springs: 2mi, 73 acres
 Camp Nelson: 5.5mi, 200 acres
 Sequoia Crest: 2.5mi, 90 acres
 Alpine: 1.5mi, 55 acres
 Cedar Slope: 2mi, 73 acres
 Belknap: 1mi, 37 acres

Figure 4-95-Idlewild, Peel Mill Creek, Balance Rock

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Figure 4-96-Poso Park, Panorama Heights

Figure 4-97-Sugarloaf, Sugarloaf Village

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Figure 4-98-Sugarloaf Saw Mill, Sugarloaf Mountain Park, SP

Figure 4-99-White River Summer Home Tract

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Figure 4-100-CA Hot Springs, Pine Flat

Figure 4-101-Sequoia Crest, Alpine

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Figure 4-102-Camp Nelson, Belknap, Cedar Slope

Figure 4-103 Tulare County—Past Fire Areas

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Figure 4-104 Tulare County—Projected Fire Risk

Figure 4-105 Tulare County—CPUC Fire Risk

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Figure 4-106 Tulare County Fire Areas

Figure 4-107 Honolulu Street Fire

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Overall Community Impact

The overall impact to the community from a severe wildfire includes:

 Injury and loss of life;
 Commercial and residential structural and property damage;  Decreased water quality in area watersheds;
 Increase in post-fire hazards such as flooding, sedimentation, and debris flows/mudslides;  Damage to natural resource habitats and other resources, such as crops, timber and rangelands;  Loss of water, power, roads, phones, and transportation, which could impact, strand, and/or impair mobility for emergency responders and/or area residents;  Economic losses (jobs, sales, tax revenue) associated with loss of commercial structures;  Negative impact on commercial and residential property values;  Loss of churches, which could severely impact the social fabric of the community;  Loss of schools, which could severely impact the entire school system and disrupt families and teachers, as temporary facilities and relocations would likely be needed; and  Impact on the overall mental health of the community.

4.3.20 Civil Disturbances

Hazard Profile/Description

Civil disorder is an incident resulting from groups of people who seek to disrupt community affairs and threaten public safety. It is normally characterized by blocking access to public facilities, looting, arson and violently confronting law enforcement officials. Civil disorder may occur when individuals or groups within the general population feel they are being discriminated against or that their rights and safety are not being protected. Triggers include perceived social injustice, unpopular political decisions, loss of essential services or supplies, and bad weather. Crowds attending sporting events have been motivated to cause civil disturbances both during and after events. Civil disturbance spans a variety of actions including strikes, demonstrations, riots, and rebellion. Civil disturbance can be broken down into the following three categories:

 Peaceful, non-obstructive demonstrations
 Non-violent, disruptive demonstrations
 Violent, disruptive demonstrations

In general, a low-severity disturbance, such as a strike, will not cause much concern and will involve little- to-no involvement from law enforcement. A moderately severe civil disturbance, such as a protest that disrupts nearby businesses and possibly causes property damage, will require law enforcement intervention to restore order, but without employing crowd control agents or physical force. A severe civil disturbance, such as rioting, arson, looting, and assault, will require aggressive police action (crowd control techniques, curfews, and mass arrests).

Location and Extent

Civil disturbances are potentially likely to occur in the County in three locations:

 Urban areas (such as the cities of Porterville, Tulare, and Visalia)  Farmland (located in both the valley and foothill portions of the County)  Large government facilities or businesses (such as the Count Civic Center and Government Plaza Tulare County
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located in Visalia or the County’s major food processing facilities)

Because of the wide variety of potential civil disturbances, the extent of such an event can range broadly.

The impact could be as simple as a picket line outside of a food processing facility or damage caused by thrown objects, fires, and looting.

Past Occurrences

In the 1930s and the 1970s, agricultural workers held several strikes in the Central Valley. More recently, local immigrant advocacy groups organized demonstrations in Farmersville to protest immigration issues.

However, extremely violent, or highly disruptive demonstrations have not been recorded in the County.

Impacts

Civil disturbance is governed by State laws that address private property trespass, assembly without a permit and impeding traffic. Generally, protests that are carried out peacefully on public lands are protected by the First Amendment. Protests on private property may result in expulsion by the property owner and arrest if continued. Protesters do not have the right to destroy private or public property and may be sued for damages due to lost revenue if they protest on private property and disrupt normal business activity.

Probability of Future Events

The low population density in the County results in a low potential of an episode of civil disturbance. The types of “spill-over” violence and destruction associated with large cities are less likely to occur in a smaller city, due to the noncontiguous nature of suburban development patterns. Based on previous occurrences, it is improbable a civil disturbance will occur in the County within the next 10 years (a 1 in 10 years’ chance of occurring - 1/10 = 10%). The history of events is less than or equal to 10% likely per year and while a civil disturbance event is possible, it is not likely.

4.3.21 Hazardous Materials and Oil Spills

Hazard Profile/ Description

Hazardous materials are substances that may have negative effects on health or the environment. The MJLHMP does not focus on the hazards contained in everyday products but rather on the hazards associated with potential releases of hazardous substances from transportation corridors and fixed facilities within the County. Exposure to hazardous materials causes injury, illness, or death. Effects may be felt over seconds, minutes, or hours (short-term effects) or not emerge until days, weeks, or even years after exposure (long- term effects). Some substances are harmful after a single exposure of short duration, but others require long episodes of exposure or repeated exposure over time to cause harm. Hazardous materials in the County primarily consist of paints, solvents, adhesives, gasoline, household cleaners, batteries, pesticides and herbicides, dairy products and ammonia. The toxicity of a specific substance is one important factor in determining the risk it poses, but other factors can be just as important, if not more so. Factors affecting the severity of a hazardous material release include:

 Toxicity
 Quantity
 Dispersal characteristics
 Location of release in relation to population and sensitive environmental areas Tulare County
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 Efficacy of response and recovery actions

Mobile incidents include those that occur on a roadway or a railroad. These incident-related releases are dangerous because they can occur anywhere, including near human populations, critical facilities or environmentally sensitive areas. Mobile incident-related releases can also be more difficult to mitigate because of the great area over which any given incident might occur and the potential distance of the incident site from response resources.

The release of hazardous substances from stationary sources can be caused by human error, equipment failure, intentional dumping, acts of terrorism, or natural phenomena. Earthquakes pose a particular risk, because they can damage or destroy facilities containing hazardous substances. The threat posed by a hazardous-material event can be amplified by restricted access, reduced fire suppression and spill containment capability, and even complete cutoff of response personnel and equipment. In addition, pipeline transportation of substances such as petroleum products, natural gas, and other chemicals exist throughout the County. Southern California Gasoline Company is the primary natural gas distributor in the County.

California manages facilities and release on the local level through the California Unified Program Agency (CUPA). The County Environmental Health is the CUPA for this jurisdiction. There are currently 12,131 CUPA facilities in the County. Of these CUPA facilities, 480 are classified as extreme-hazard substance sites. Common substances at the extreme-hazard substance sites are ammonia, ethylene, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic mixtures, paraquat dichloride, and sulfur dioxide. In addition, the Visalia County Fire Department serves as the primary hazardous materials response agency.

Location and Extent

In Tulare County, a hazardous material transportation accident is most likely to occur along Highways 43, 63, 65, 99, 198, and the railroad tracks. Trucks and rail cars that use these transportation corridors commonly carry a variety of hazardous materials, including gasoline, other petroleum products, and other chemicals known to cause human health problems, including fertilizers, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Cities that are bisected by both major highways and railroad tracks include the cities of Exeter, Lindsay, Tulare and Visalia. However, the entire County is vulnerable to a hazardous material event.

There 99 facilities that are included in the California Accidental Release Program. These facilities are scattered throughout the western portion of the County; therefore, all participating jurisdictions, except for the Tule River Tribe, are susceptible to the release of a hazardous substance. These facilities include food processing facilities, warehouses, cold storage, and water treatment plants, to name a few.

The extent of a hazardous materials release varies widely based on the nature and quantity of the material released. Historically, releases have been localized. In addition, the CUPA proactively manages facilities to mitigate potential concerns. However, accidents, especially traffic accidents, are unforeseeable and ever present.

Past Occurrences

The National Response Center, which serves as the sole national point of contact for reporting all oil, chemical, radiological, biological, and etiological discharges into the environment in the U.S., shows that from 2002 through 2016, hundreds of releases have occurred. The most common occurrences include truck accidents where oil spills, power transformer leaks resulting from cars striking poles, dairy spillage, ammonia leaks from agriculture operations and stationary petroleum spills. While most of the petroleum spills are less than 100 gallons, some of the dairy spills were greater than 1,000 gallons. The largest reported Tulare County
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release was 35,000 gallons of dairy product in September 2008. These incidents are listed in Table 4-67.

Table 4-67 Representative Fixed Hazardous Materials Releases 2005-2015 Date Location Incident Cause Material Amount/ Action
4/21/06 Rd. 36 and Merritt
Dr.

Dumping Lab drug waste 80 pounds
9/27/08 Rd. 72 Pixley Human Error Dairy 35,000 gallons
7/1/09 13129 Ave. 248
Tulare
Human Error Ammonia 120 pounds
1/25/10 Ave. 93 and Rd. 236 Human Error Sewage 60,000 gallons 9/31/11 19531 Ave. 248
Tulare
Pipe Rupture Natural Gas 5 evacuees
3/26/12 1304 Goshen Ave.

Visalia
Transformer leak Mineral Oil 142 gallons
8/8/12 Pratt Ave. Tulare Overflow Dairy 7000 gallons
3/17/13 400 S M St. Tulare Over-pressurization Ammonia 73.5 pound 5/20/13 Blackstone Ave.

Tulare
Overflow Dairy 3000 gallons
7/22/14 Dinuba El Monte/
Monte Vista
Punctured 4” gas
main
Natural Gas 52 homes, 7
businesses and 1
apartment complex
evacuated
1/29/15 S. Ave 48 and Rd.
168
Fire and tank leak Diesel # 2 4000 gallons

Figure 4-107 HAZMAT Highway 99

Probability of Future Events

Based on previous occurrences, it is likely a minor hazardous materials event due to a vehicular accident will occur every one to five years (a 1/5=20% chance of occurring) and every one to three years (a 1/3=33% chance of occurring) due to a rail accident in the County. History of events is greater than 20% but less than or equal to 33% likely per year. In addition, based on previous occurrences, the County can expect a minor hazardous material event two to seven times a year from equipment failure, operator error, dumping, or other causes. Based on previous event history, it is likely a fixed incident will occur within the Tulare County
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County from a minor hazardous material event within two to seven years (a 1/3=33% chance of occurring) due to various factors indicated above. History of events is greater than 20% but less than or equal to 33% likely per year.

4.3.22 Terrorism and Cyber Terrorism

Hazard Profile/ Description

The definition of terrorism by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” The FBI defines cyber terrorism as the use of computer network tools to shut down critical national infrastructures (e.g., energy, transportation, government operations) or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population.

Terrorists typically use one or more of the following types of weapons: chemical, biological, incendiary, radiological, or explosive. In addition to large-scale attacks, a full range of assault styles must be considered, including simple bombings, assassinations with small arms, major bombings, and others. Use of explosive devices remains the weapon of choice for terrorist activity. Related activities include bomb threats which disrupt the normal operations of transit systems, government or corporate facilities. Primary locations likely to be targets include airports, mass transit targets, government facilities, and high population density locations, although so-called “soft targets” such as schools, local entertainment facilities, etc., are at risk.

The potential for nuclear, biological or chemical terrorism is also a concern. These types of emergencies would necessitate detailed contingency planning and preparation of emergency responders to protect their communities.

Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) typically used by terrorists are categorized by an acronym that lists the types of materials/weapons: CBRNE stands for chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives. BNICE stands for biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical, and explosives. The nature of each category of weapon is described briefly below:
 Chemical: Chemical weapons include blood and choking agents, nerve agents, blister agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The advantages of using chemical weapons for a terrorist include they are easy to make, readily available, inexpensive, have an immediate effect, and are easily spread.

The disadvantages are they require significant quantities for a mass effect, and the production and deployment are potentially hazardous to the terrorist. Some chemical agents are odorless and tasteless and are difficult to detect, while others have distinct odors. They can have an immediate effect (a few seconds to a few minutes) or a delayed effect (several hours to several days). Routes of exposure for chemical weapons are inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection. Unlike many of the biological weapons, first responders can take self-protective measures by wearing personal protective equipment, first aid measures and effective medical interventions are available, and chemical agent exposures can be decontaminated and agents neutralized.

 Biological: Biological weapons are defined as bacteria, viruses, or toxins used to produce illness or death in people, animals, or plants. The advantages of biological weapons are that they are easy to make, readily available, and relatively inexpensive. The disadvantages include delayed effects and potential deployment hazards to the terrorist. Routes of exposure for biological weapons are inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection. Biological agents can be dispersed as airborne particles or aerosols on food items or in water, or through an injection. Terrorists may use biological weapons because the agents are odorless, tasteless, and extremely difficult to detect.

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Hazard Profile/ Description

Because of the significant extent of agriculture in the County and the widespread national distribution and economic impact of County agriculture products, agro-terrorism, a subset of bioterrorism, (defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining stability) may be a concern. Agriculture has several characteristics that pose unique problems for managing the threat. Agricultural production is geographically disbursed in unsecured environments. Livestock are frequently concentrated in confined locations, and then transported and commingled with other herds. Pest and disease outbreaks can quickly halt economically important exports.

Many veterinarians lack experience with foreign animal diseases that are resilient and endemic in other countries.
 Radiological / Nuclear: Radioactive or nuclear weapons are typically in the form of a traditional fission device such as an atom bomb, a radiological dispersal device, often called a dirty bomb, or a conventional explosion at a nuclear facility. The advantages of radiological or nuclear weapons are that the materials are available, cause devastating effects and a great psychological impact on the population. The disadvantages include delayed effects, hazardous deployment for the terrorists, and extreme expense – in the millions of dollars for a nuclear weapon. Radiation cannot be detected by human senses. Consequences may include death, severe health risks to the public, damage to the environment, and extraordinary loss of, or damage to, property. The health effects of radiological or nuclear materials include radiation burns, fragmentation wounds, acute radiological poisoning, and long term effects, such as cancers and birth defects.
 Explosives: Explosive weapons are most terrorist’s weapon of choice. 86% of domestic terrorist incidents involve the use of explosives. Explosives are readily available and have dramatic results, are low risk, require few skills to build and use, are easy to execute, allow for remote attacks, and don’t require many people to execute. There are low explosives and high explosives. The effects include blast pressure, both positive and negative, fragmentation, and thermal. There are pipe bombs or bombs that can be easily concealed into a backpack, box, vehicles, or virtually any type of container with numerous trigger mechanisms to set off the bomb. Bombings account for up to 50% of worldwide terrorist attack patterns.
 Cyber-terrorism: According to the FBI, cyber terrorism is any "premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which results in violence against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents.” As nations and critical infrastructure became more dependent on computer networks for their operations, new vulnerabilities are created. A cyber terrorist attack is designed to cause physical violence or extreme financial harm. Possible cyber terrorist targets include the banking industry, military installations, power plants, air traffic control centers, and water systems, but could be against any facility that relies on computers, computer systems and programs for their operations.

Location and Extent

There is a wide range of motivations for terrorist attacks. They can be for or against almost any issue, religious belief, political position, or group of people of one national origin. Because of the tremendous variety of causes supported by terrorists and the wide variety of potential targets, there is no place that is truly safe from terrorism. Primary locations likely to be targets include airports, mass transit, government facilities, and high population density locations, although so-called “soft targets” such as schools, local entertainment facilities, etc., are also at risk. The County is home to power plants, water utilities, agriculture, rail stations, colleges, and chemical manufacturers, all of which could be a target for terrorism. The potential for nuclear, biological or chemical terrorism is also a concern. The entire State is considered at risk for a nuclear event. These types of emergencies would be devastating to any community and necessitate detailed contingency planning and preparation of emergency responders prior to such an attack.

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As outlined in the 2010 National Security Strategy, there is no greater danger to the U.S. than a terrorist attack with a weapon of mass destruction. Terrorist acts may cause casualties, extensive property damage, fires, flooding, and other subsequent hazards. Incidents generating significant mass casualties make preparedness and the mechanisms for effective response essential. In addition to large-scale attacks, a full range of terrorism tactics must be considered, including simple bombings, chemical or biological incidents, explosions and cyber-attacks, bomb threats, and the use of radiological and nuclear materials. Use of explosive devices remains the weapon of choice for terrorist activity. The possibility exists that a terrorist organization might acquire the capability of creating a small nuclear detonation. A single nuclear detonation in the U.S. would likely produce fallout affecting an area many times greater than that of the blast itself.

The damage caused by a terror attack is dependent on the method of attack. Large bomb attacks could destroy major infrastructure, kill many people and disrupt regional functioning for a significant time. Cyber- terrorism would cause very different types of damage, possibly severely hampering local government operations and local business with no direct injuries or loss of life. In addition to direct physical damage, terrorist attacks breed fear. Even an unsuccessful attempt to attack the region would seriously impact the comfort level of residents and could affect local business.

Terrorism cannot be forecast with any accuracy. Therefore, the potential exists for most, if not all, types of terrorist acts to occur anywhere and at any time. Terrorism can strike not just large cities, but in any community of any size. It is not possible to estimate the probability of a terrorist attack. The approach experts use to prioritize mitigation and preparedness efforts is to identify critical sites and assess the vulnerability of these sites to terrorist attack. Vulnerability of these sites is determined subjectively by considering factors such as visibility (e.g., does the public know this facility exists in this location?), accessibility (e.g., is it easy for the public to access this site?) and occupancy (e.g., is there a potential for mass casualties at this site?).

Buildings and other structures constructed to resist earthquakes and fires usually have qualities that also limit damage from blasts and resist fire spread and spread of noxious fumes. Efforts to retrofit buildings to resist earthquakes often provide cost-effective opportunities to incorporate measures to mitigate against attacks using bombs, chemical and biological agents.

Past Occurrences

The County has not had a terrorist attack.

Probability of Future Events

While terrorism is a serious concern, there is a low probability of a terrorist event in the County due to its low population density and distance from the larger metropolitan areas of San Francisco and Los Angeles.

4.3.23 Natural Hazards Summary

Table 4-68 summarizes the results of the hazard identification, hazard profile, and vulnerability assessment for Tulare County Planning Area based on hazards data and input from the Stakeholders. For each hazard profiled in Section 4.3, this table includes the likelihood of future occurrence and whether the hazard is considered a priority hazard for mitigation actions (as discussed in Chapter 5 of this Plan Update in the Tulare County Planning Area.

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Table 4-68 Hazard Identification / Profile Summary and Determination of Priority Hazard Hazard Likelihood of Future Occurrence Priority Hazard
Agriculture Pests and Disease HL Y
Avalanche L N
Civil Disturbance L N
Dam Failure O Y
Drought and Water Shortage HL Y
Earthquake O Y
Floods: 1% / 0.2% annual chance O Y
Floods: Localized Stormwater O / HL Y
Fog HL Y
Hazardous Materials O Y
Landslides, Mudslides, and Debris Flow Hl Y
Levee Failure HL Y
Pandemic O Y
Seiche L Y
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat HL Y
Severe Weather: Freeze and snow HL Y
Severe Weather: Heavy Rains,
Thunderstorms Hail, Lightning.

HL Y
Severe Weather High Winds and Tornado HL Y
Terrorism and Cyber Terrorism L N
Tree Mortality HL Y
Wildfire HL Y
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4.4 Capability Assessment

Assessing the capabilities of the County and the jurisdictions within the County are critical to understanding what resources are available to achieve mitigation goals and actions. The community uses the capabilities to achieve mitigation strategies as well as identify where capabilities can be improved or where they may expose risk. A MJLHMP such as this one is especially advantageous here because the communities can integrate, borrow and/or share resources to achieve broader mitigation strategies. Capabilities are generally categorized as planning and regulatory, administrative and technical, financial, and educational and outreach.

Individual jurisdictions will identify their capabilities in Annexes A through I. This section will highlight overarching capabilities and identify potential risk.

4.4.1 Regulatory Mitigation Capabilities

It is important that the planning team have members from many communities. Each community should bring recent, current, and future projects to the planning table. This will provide both background for planning purposes as well as points of insertion for hazard mitigation strategies. Examples of plans include general plans, capital improvement plans, and emergency preparedness and response plans. Regulatory capabilities include building codes and zoning ordinances. It is important to note these plans and regulations specifically include information for hazard mitigation. Also, this is an opportunity to identify where plans and regulations do not identify mitigation for hazards and could pose a risk to the community. Table 4-69 outlines the County legal and regulatory capabilities.

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Table 4-69 Legal and Regulatory Capabilities
Regulatory
Tool Name Description Hazards
Addressed
Mitigation,
Preparedness,
Response, or
Recovery
Affects
development
in hazard
areas?
Plan General Plan,
Community Safety
Element
Describes hazard areas and regulates current and future development based on known hazard areas. The General Plan Safety Element incorporates the MJLHMP by formal adoption by the County Board of supervisors.

The MJLHMP will be adopted as part of the Safety Element by the County Board of Supervisors. The General Plan and the MJLHMP will be correlated with respect to climate change and the impacts of planned growth. As the Safety Element is updated, revised hazard analysis from the MHLHMP will be incorporated.

Safety Element actions will be aligned with MJLHMP mitigation measures.

Earthquake,
Hazardous
Materials,
Flooding, Fire
Mitigation,
Preparedness Yes
Plan OES, Emergency
Operations Plan
(EOP)
Describes what the local jurisdiction’s actions will be during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that describe in more detail the actions required of the local jurisdiction’s departments/agencies. Further, this plan describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and the coordination
between the EOC and the local/tribal jurisdictions. Lastly, the EOP describes how the EOC serves as the point of coordination between local, tribal, State, and
Federal agencies during a disaster. The MJLHMP provides the basis for the hazards included and described in the EOP.

The MJLHMP will be used as an essential tool to update the County EOP. Cal OES requires that EOPs describe applicable hazards as part of the Plan. The latest MJLHMP hazards
descriptions will be included. Mitigation actions that are preparedness and response in nature will be analyzed for applicability to include in the description of EOP processes and procedures.

All-hazard Response No
Plan CAL FIRE 1 Tulare
Unit Strategic Fire
Plan
The Plan is a local road map to create and maintain defensible landscapes in order to protect vital assets. It seeks to reduce firefighting cost and property loss, increase public and firefighter safety, minimize wildfire risk to communities and contribute to ecosystem health. The Plan identifies pre-suppression projects Fire Response Yes
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Regulatory
Tool Name Description Hazards
Addressed
Mitigation,
Preparedness,
Response, or
Recovery
Affects
development
in hazard
areas?
including opportunities for reducing structural ignitability, and the identification of potential fuel reduction projects and techniques for minimizing those risks. The central goals that are critical to reducing and preventing the impacts of fire revolve around both suppression efforts and fire prevention efforts.

The MJLHMP fire hazard analysis and fire related mitigation measures will be provided to Cal Fire to support the Tulare Unit Strategic Fire Plan.

Plan County Resource
Conservation District
– Sequoia Fire Safe
Council Community
Wildfire Protection
Plan (CWPP)
The objective of the CWPP is to heighten cooperation,
collaboration and commitment to watershed protection and fire prevention through the CWPP planning effort. MJLHMP
mitigation actions related to wildfire can enhance the CWPP.

The MJLHMP fire hazard analysis and fire related mitigation measures will be provided to the Sequoia Fire Safe Council to support the CWPP.

Fire Mitigation No
Policy County Flood
Prevention Ordinance
(Ordinance Code of
Tulare County, Part
VII, Chapter 27)
The objective of this policy is to minimize the impacts floods through building restrictions in flood zones and specifically in special flood hazard areas.

The MJLHMP contains several specific flood mitigation measures in support of the Flood Prevention Ordnance. Inclusion of the new dam inundation data developed as part of the MJLHMP planning process will be included in updates to the Ordinance.

Flooding Mitigation Yes
Plan County Flood Control
Master Plan
This element of the General Plan addresses issues particularly related to flood control along natural watercourses in the County.

This adopted Element is incorporated into this General Plan Update document as Chapter 15.

The MJLHMP contains several specific flood mitigation measures in support Flood Control Master Plan. Inclusion of the new dam inundation data developed as part of the MJLHMP planning process will be included in updates to the County Flood Control Master Plan.

Flooding Mitigation Yes
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Regulatory
Tool Name Description Hazards
Addressed
Mitigation,
Preparedness,
Response, or
Recovery
Affects
development
in hazard
areas?
Plan Hazardous Waste
Management Plan
The County has a hazardous materials management plan to protect the health and safety of all citizens within the County and minimize the risk associated with hazardous materials through the development of policies and procedures.

The MJLHMP contains several specific mitigation measures to address hazardous material releases. These mitigation measures will be reviewed for applicability as the Hazardous Material Management Plan is updated.

Hazardous
Materials Mitigation Yes
Policy County Ordinance
Code Part VII:
-Chapter 1, Article 3
-Chapter 19, Articles
1, 3
This policy regulates minimum road width for the emergency vehicle access and egress. Supports fire mitigation actions by setting road width standards to support population evacuation.

The MJLHMP contains specific actions that reinforce this requirement.

Fire Mitigation Yes
Policy California Code of
Regulations Title 14
Division 1.5 Chapter
7 Subchapter 2
Article 2 § 1273.01
Minimum road width for the emergency vehicle access and egress. Supports fire mitigation actions by setting road width standards to support population evacuation. The MJLHMP
contains specific actions that reinforce this requirement.

Fire Mitigation Yes
Plan County Climate
Action Plan
Incorporates climate adaptation and resiliency strategies identified in California Government Code 65302 (g)(4). The 2017 MJLHMP adds climate change as a hazard and includes several mitigation measures that advance the objectives of the Climate Action Plan.

The MJLHMP contains specific actions that support addressing climate change which can be included in updates to the County Climate Action Plan.

The updated MJLHMP addresses climate change as a hazard.

Several climate change mitigation activities are included in the MHLHMP. As the Climate Action Plan is updated the information in the MJLMP will be used as a reference to analyze the impacts of climate change and to provide concrete measures to address climate change effects.

Fire, Flooding,
Drought Mitigation Yes
Plan Stormwater Quality
Management Program
(SWQMP)
Describes measures that the local jurisdiction will take to minimize stormwater pollution. The SWQMP is required by the Stormwater Mitigation, Preparedness Yes
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Regulatory
Tool Name Description Hazards
Addressed
Mitigation,
Preparedness,
Response, or
Recovery
Affects
development
in hazard
areas?
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II regulations, which became effective in March 2003.

The MJLHMP provides flooding mitigation measures that support implementing the SWQMP. As the SWQMP is updated, the most recent MJLHMP will be used to address flooding mitigation measures as flood incidents often result in storm water discharges that contain pollutants.
1 California Department of Forest and Fire

4.4.2 Administrative/Technical Mitigation Capabilities

Mitigation actions need to be implemented through administrative and technical capabilities; specifically, staff and their skills to achieve them. The County and all jurisdictions have identified not only government administrative capabilities but contractor and private partner capabilities. The County’s administrative and technical capabilities are also resources for all jurisdictions within the planning area. Table 4-70 represents administrative and technical capabilities either within or available to all jurisdictions within the County.

Table 4-70 Administrative & Technical Capabilities
Staff/Personnel Resources Department or Agency Principle Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation Planners and Engineers Resource Management Agency
(RMA)
Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Community Safety Element.

Emergency managers County Office of Emergency
Services (OES)
Maintains the Emergency Operation Plan and other emergency-related plans for the county. Provides support to local response and relief activities within the Emergency Operation Center, and works closely with regional, State, tribal, and Federal partners to provide information and coordinate assistance.

Public Preparedness Education County Fire, County Sheriff,

CAL FIRE, RMA
The County Fire Department has established an on-going public education program implemented through the Fire Prevention Bureau. This function is carried out by the Public Fire Education programs delivered to the public that will reach and educate the general public, high-risk groups, children, elderly and non-English speaking persons.

Geographic Information
System (GIS)
RMA The County shall work with other local agencies, including cities within the County, to develop coordinated GIS planning that identifies and maps the location of all public facilities and emergency response agencies. Contingency plans for emergency response and recovery should be incorporated into this mapping system.

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Staff/Personnel Resources Department or Agency Principle Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation Floodplain Manager RMA Reviews and ensures that new development proposals do not increase flood risk, and that new developments are not located below the 100-year flood level. In addition, the Floodplain Administrator is responsible for planning and managing flood risk reduction projects throughout the plan participant or tribal area.

Disaster Service Workers Human Resources &
Development
The County maintains a program for training County staff in disaster preparedness and response.

Emergency Operations
Centers (EOCs) and
Department Operations
Centers (DOCs)
The County, all Cities, Tule
River Tribe, all special districts,
and critical departments within
the County and cities
Within the Tulare Operational Area (OA), the local government Emergency Management Organization (EMO) level encompasses these EOCs and DOCs, which activate and direct their respective resources in accordance with their individual needs and priorities.

Field Response Units Law enforcement, fire and
rescue, hazardous materials,
emergency medical services,
public health, environmental
health, public works and utility
personnel
Assess, secure and mitigate the effects of the incident.

Multi-Agency Coordination
Group
Tulare County Operational
Area Emergency Council
members
Provides incident and resource prioritization, and coordinates response to the incident by all local units and jurisdictions.

Schools and non-government
organizations
Schools, American Red Cross,
Salvation Army, religious
institutions
Critical support services.

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4.4.3 Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities

The County and included jurisdictions as well as State and Federal agency programs may provide resources to fund mitigation actions. Each mitigation action must be analyzed for costs and whether funding is available for its implementation. The analysis supports prioritizing of mitigation actions. An aggregated assessment of financial capabilities will assist the County and jurisdictions in selecting mitigation actions. For the 2017 MJLHMP, the County has identified resources for several large-scale mitigation projects. Table 4-71 outlines the County’s financial capabilities.

Table 4-71 Financial Capabilities
Type Name Administrator Purpose Amount/Availability
Local General Fund Auditor-Controller,
Treasurer-Collector
Program operations and specific projects Variable
Local General Obligation
(GO) Bonds
Auditor-Controller,
Treasurer-Collector
GO Bonds are appropriately used for the
construction and/or acquisition of
improvements to real property broadly
available to residents and visitors. Such
facilities include, but are not limited to,
libraries, hospitals, parks, public safety
facilities, and cultural and educational
facilities.

Variable
Local Lease Revenue
Bonds
Auditor-Controller,
Treasurer-Collector
Lease revenue bonds are used to finance
capital projects that (1) have an identified
budgetary stream for repayment (e.g.,
specified fees, tax receipts, etc.); (2) generate
project revenue but rely on a broader pledge
of general fund revenues to reduce borrowing
costs; or (3) finance the acquisition and installation
of equipment for the plan participant’s general
governmental purposes.

Variable
Local Public-Private
partnerships
County Administrator,
Various Departments
Includes the use of local professionals, business
owners, residents, and civic groups and trade
associations, generally for the study of issues and
the development of guidance and
recommendations.

Variable
Federal Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program
(HMGP)
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
(FEMA)
Support post-disaster mitigation plans and
projections.

Available to communities after a
Presidentially declared disaster has
occurred. Grant award based on specific
projects as they are identified.

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Type Name Administrator Purpose Amount/Availability
Federal Pre-Disaster
Mitigation (PDM)
grant program
FEMA Support pre-disaster mitigation plans and projects.

The MJLHMP will be used to develop PDM grant
applications using the prioritized mitigation
actions that are included.

Available on an annual basis, nationally-
competitive grant. Grant award based on
specific projects as they are identified.

Federal Flood Mitigation
Assistance (FMA)
grant program
FEMA Mitigate repetitively-flooded structures and
infrastructure.

Available on an annual basis, distributed
by California Governor’s Office of
Emergency Services (Cal OES). Grant
award based on specific project as they
are identified.

Federal Assistance to
Firefighters Grant
(AFG) Program
FEMA/U.S. Fire
Administration (USFA)
Provides equipment, protective gear,
emergency vehicles, training, and other
resources needed to protect the public and
emergency personnel from fire and related
hazards.

Available to fire departments and
nonaffiliated emergency medical services.

Grant award based on specific projects as
they are identified.

Federal Community Action
for a Renewed
Environment
(CARE)
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
(EPA)
Through financial and technical assistance, offers a
way for a community to organize and
act to reduce toxic pollution locally. Through
CARE, a community creates a partnership that
implements solutions to reduce releases of toxic
pollutants and minimize human exposure.

Competitive grant program. Grant award
based on specific projects as they are
identified.

Federal Clean Water State
Revolving Fund
(CWSRF)
EPA A loan program that provides low-cost financing
to eligible entities within State land for water
quality projects, including all types of non-point
source, watershed protection or restoration, estuary
management projects, and more traditional
municipal wastewater treatment projects.

Through CWSRF, the EPA has provided
more than $5 billion annually to fund
water quality protection projects for
wastewater treatment, nonpoint source
pollution control, and
watershed and estuary management.

Federal Public Health
Preparedness
Cooperative
Agreement
US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
(CDC)
Funds are intended to upgrade State and local
public health jurisdictions’ preparedness and
response to bioterrorism, outbreaks of
infectious diseases, and other public health
threats and emergencies.

Competitive grant program. Grant award
based
on specific projects as they are identified.

4.4.4 Education and Outreach, and Partnerships

The County and jurisdictions within the planning area have integrated the following education and outreach capabilities through the hazard mitigation 5-year planning cycle.

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Table 4-72 Education and Public Outreach Capabilities
Type Name Description Hazards
Addressed
Mitigation, Preparedness,
Response, or Recovery Audience
Education
Tulare County
Resource
Management
Agency Web Site
A user-friendly source of Tulare County Flood hazard
information. It includes quick links to the Federal
Emergency Management Agency's floodplain map
website and the California Department of Water
Resources floodplain map website. In addition, it
contains user friendly links to flood information
contained in existing, updated or newly adopted
Community Plans.

Flood Mitigation, Preparedness
Unincorporated
County
Communities
Education OES Website
A user-friendly source of preparedness information
on a variety of hazards. It includes links to
California's MyHazards portal and the Hazard
Mitigation Plan, Tulare County Disaster Preparedness
Guide, and other preparedness resources, as well as
incident-specific Response and Recovery
information.

All Mitigation Preparedness
Response Recovery
Entire Operational
Area
Education 2011 Tulare County
Preparedness Guide
A resource for the public to learn about local hazards, available resources, and personal, family, and
business preparedness measures.

Information from the updated MJLHMP will be
reviewed for inclusion the County Preparedness
Guide as it is updated.

All Preparedness Entire Operational
Area
Outreach Tulare County
Social Media
Tulare County social media accounts, including the
main Tulare County account and those operated by
the Fire Department, Sheriff's Department, Health &
Human Services Agency, and others are utilized to
disseminate mitigation (i.e. fuel reduction),
preparedness (i.e. emergency kit), response (i.e.
evacuation / shelter information), and recovery (i.e.
available assistance programs) information at relevant
phases within the disaster cycle. (same as above).

The updated MJLHMP will be posted to County
media sites. As the planned is reviewed annually and
new updates made, information on the planning
process will be included on web sites and announced
on social media.

All Mitigation Preparedness Entire Operational
Area
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Type Name Description Hazards
Addressed
Mitigation, Preparedness,
Response, or Recovery Audience
Outreach Town Hall / Town
Council Meetings
Tulare County participates in a variety of regular
town hall / council meetings in unincorporated
communities. Topics of meetings include public
safety issues and mitigation activities. Tulare County
RMA has conducted over 200 such public meetings
in the past 5 years, a majority of which included
mitigation topics, and has incorporated the feedback
from these meetings into planning documents such as
the General Plan and MJLHMP.

Information on the availability and contents will be
provided during RMA public meetings.

All Mitigation Preparedness Entire Operational
Area

4.4.5 Other Mitigation Efforts

Table 4-73 contains the status of the 2011 MJLHMP County-wide mitigation actions.

Table 4-73 Previously Plan Mitigation Actions Status

No. Description Mitigation
Category
Hazard
Addressed
Status
1 Create a GIS-based pre-application review for new
construction and major remodels of residential and/or non- residential structures in hazard areas, such as high and/or very high wildfire areas.

Property Protection All Ongoing. Include in 2017 Plan as action 1-1. 2 Integrate the Tulare County HMP, in particular the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into local planning documents, including general plans, emergency operations plans, and capital improvement plans.

Property Protection All Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-2. 3 Seismically retrofit or replace public works and/or
emergency response facilities that are necessary during and/or immediately after a disaster or emergency.

Property
Protection,
Structural Project
Earthquake Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-9.

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No. Description Mitigation
Category
Hazard
Addressed
Status
4 Seismically retrofit or replace County and local ramps and bridges that are categorized as structurally deficient by Caltrans, are located in a high ground shaking areas, and/or are necessary for first responders to use during and/or immediate after a disaster or emergency.

Property
Protection,
Structural Project
Earthquake
Ongoing: The County has been replacing
structurally deficient bridges. Currently, about
30 bridges have been identified for
replacement
5 Develop a public outreach program that informs property owners located in the dam or levee inundation areas about voluntary flood insurance.

Public Outreach Flood
Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 2-2.

See RMA Website.
http://tularecounty.ca.gov/rma/index.cfm/publi
c-works/flood-hazard-information/
6 Create a database that accounts for all levees in Tulare County and their condition. All Flood Incomplete. Carried over in 2017 Plan as action 1-

22. 7
Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential structures, in particular those that have been identified as Repetitive Loss (RL) properties that are located within the 100-year floodplain.

Property Protection Flood Continuing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-

23. 8 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof critical facilities that are located within the 100-year floodplain. Property Protection Flood Continuing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-

24. 9
Reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road and installing culverts beneath the road or building a higher bridge across the area that experiences regular flooding.

Property Protection,
Structural Project Flood
Ongoing. The County has been reviewing
bridges for hydraulic issues. This is part of the
30 bridges to be replaced.
10 Work with FEMA Region IX to address any floodplain
management issues that may have arisen/arise from the
countywide Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM),
Community Assessment Visits, and/or the Department of Water Resources (DWR).

All Flood Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-26. 11 Increase participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) by entering the Community Rating System program
which through enhanced floodplain management activities would allow property owners to receive a discount on their flood insurance.

Prevention, Property
Protection Flood
Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-27.

Needs to be addressed by individual
jurisdictions.
12 Continue to work with weather forecasting and public safety agencies to provide warning and protective information to residents, travelers, and visitors about severe valley fog conditions*.

Prevention Fog
Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 4-5.

Incorporated into Alert Tulare County mass
notification warning system.

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No. Description Mitigation
Category
Hazard
Addressed
Status
13 Implement post-fire debris flow hill-slope and channel treatments, such as seeding, mulching, and checking dams and debris racks, as needed.

Prevention, Property
Protection
Post-Fire
Debris Flow
Ongoing. Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as
action 1-39.
14 Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent to rights-of- way and in close proximity to critical facilities in order to reduce the risk of tree failure and property damage and avoid creation of wind acceleration corridors within vegetated areas.

Prevention, property
protection, natural
resource protection
Severe Winter
Storm
Ongoing. Have been clearing rights of way of
vegetation and dead trees. Included in 2017 Plan
as action 1-40.
15 Develop a free annual tree chipping and tree pick-up day that encourages residents living in wind hazard areas to manage trees and shrubs at risk to falling on nearby structures.

Property Protection
Severe Winter
Storm Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-41.
16 Bolt down the roofs of critical facilities in wind gust hazard areas in order to prevent wind damage. Property Protection Severe Winter
Storm Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as action 1-42.
17 Implement a fuel reduction program, such as the collection and disposal of dead fuel, within open spaces and around critical facilities and residential structures located within a high and very high wildfire zones.

Prevention, property
protection, natural
resource protection
Wildfire
Ongoing. County is included in State Tree
Mortality Proclamation. Included in 2017 Plan in
actions 1-17 and 1-22.
18 Create a vegetation management program that provides vegetation management services to elderly, disabled, or low- income property owners who lack the resources to remove flammable vegetation from around their homes.

Property Protection Wildfire Ongoing. Scope broadened and included in 2017 Plan as action 1-17.
19 Develop a community wildfire mitigation plan that identifies and prioritizes areas for hazard fuel reduction treatments, and recommend the types of methods of treatments.

Prevention, Property
Protection Wildfire Incomplete. Included in 2017 Plan in actions 1- 16 and 1-17.
20 Implement a fuel modification program, which also includes residential maintenance requirements and enforcement, plan submittal and approval process, guidelines for planting, and a listing of undesirable plant species. Require builders and developers to submit their plans, complete with proposed fuel Prevention, Property
Protection Wildfire Ongoing. Included in 2017 Plan as actions 1-18 through 1-20
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Chapter 5 Mitigation Strategy

Requirement §201.6(c)(3) and §201.7(c)(3): [The plan shall include] a mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction’s blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.

This section describes the mitigation strategy process and mitigation action plan for Tulare County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) Update. It describes how the County and participating jurisdictions met the following requirements from the 10-step planning process:

 Planning Step 6: Set Goals
 Planning Step 7: Review Possible Activities
 Planning Step 8: Draft an Action Plan

Mitigation Strategy: Overview

The results of the planning process, the risk assessment, the goal setting, the identification of mitigation actions, and the hard work of the Tulare County staff committee led to the mitigation strategy and mitigation action plan for this LHMP Update. As part of the LHMP Update process, a comprehensive review and update of the mitigation strategy portion of the 2018 LHMP was conducted by Tulare County Staff. Some of the initial goals and objectives from the 2018 Tulare County LHMP were refined and reaffirmed, some goals were deleted, and others were added. The end result was a new set of goals, reorganized to reflect the completion of or progress towards the 2018 actions, the updated risk assessment and the new priorities of this 2023 LHMP Update. To support the new LHMP goals, the mitigation actions from 2018 were reviewed and assessed for their value in reducing risk and vulnerability to Tulare County Planning Area from identified hazards and evaluated for their inclusion in this LHMP Update (See Chapter 2 What’s New). Section 5.2 below identified the new goals and objectives of this LHMP Update and Section 5.4 details the new mitigation action Plan.

Taking all of the above into consideration, Tulare County staff developed the following umbrella mitigation strategy for this LHMP Update.

 Communicate the hazard information collected and analyzed through this planning process as well as mitigation success stories so that the community better understands what can happen where and what they themselves can do to be better prepared.
 Implement the action plan recommendations of this Plan.  Use existing rules, regulations, policies, and procedures already in existence.  Monitor multi-objective management opportunities so that funding opportunities may be shared and packaged, and broader constituent support may be garnered.

5.1 National Flood Insurance Program Participation and Compliance

Tulare County has adopted the Model Floodplain Management Ordinance within the County to maintain eligibility within the National Flood Insurance Program. Table 5-1 shows the status of all jurisdictions in the NFIP. Since 1968 the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has provided federally funded flood insurance to homeowners, renters, and businesses in communities that adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances to reduce future flood damage. The County adopted the County Flood Prevention Ordinance, Ordinance Code of Tulare County, Part VII, Chapter 27. This allows residents of the County to remain eligible to purchase flood insurance through the NFIP. The Ordinance meets the minimum standards Tulare County
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5-2
set forth in Title 44, Section 60.3 of the CFR. The City of Visalia participates in the Community Rating System.

Table 5-1 NFIP Participation by Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction NFIP Update CRS Participation
Dinuba June 16, 2009 No
Exeter No Special Flood Hazard Area No
Farmersville June 16, 2009 No
Lindsay June 16, 2009 No
Porterville June 16, 2009 No
Tulare June 16, 2009 No
Tulare County December 18, 2012 No
Tule River Tribe N/A N/A
Visalia June 16, 2009 Yes (Expired)
Woodlake June 16, 2009 No

The County Flood Prevention Ordinance's effect is limited to requiring that any new construction or substantial improvement to existing structures will have to comply with the standards of construction identified in the Ordinance. The County’s continued involvement in NFIP supports this plan. Currently, all jurisdictions, except the City of Exeter, implement a floodplain management program designed to protect the people and property of the jurisdiction and implements activities such as public information and outreach activities, mapping and regulatory activities, and flood damage reduction activities as outlined in the individual jurisdictions’ floodplain management program.

5.2 Goals and Objectives

Requirement § 201.6(c)(3)(i) and §201.7(c)(3)(i): [The hazard mitigation strategy shall include a] description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards.

Up to this point in the planning process, Tulare County staff has organized resources, assessed hazards and risks, and documented mitigation capabilities. The resulting goals, objectives, and mitigation actions were developed based on these tasks. County staff held a series of meetings and exercises designed to achieve a collaborative mitigation strategy as described further throughout this section. Appendix C documents the information covered in these mitigation strategy meetings, including information on the goals development and the identification and prioritization of mitigation alternatives by County staff.

During the initial goal-setting meeting, Stakeholders reviewed the results of the hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, and capability assessment. This analysis of the risk assessment identified areas where improvements could be made and provided the framework for the Stakeholders to formulate planning goals and objectives and to develop the mitigation strategy for the Tulare County Planning Area.

Goals were defined for the purpose of this mitigation plan as broad-based public policy statements that:

 Establish a basis for coordination and collaboration among agencies and the public  Assist in the integration of mitigation goals and objectives with other County and community plans  Identify existing mitigation projects and prioritize future projects  Assist in meeting the requirements of Federal mitigation programs  Lay the foundation for future MJLHMP updates and MJLHMP maintenance

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Goals are stated without regard to implementation. Implementation cost, schedule, and means are not considered. Goals are defined before considering how to accomplish them so that they are not dependent on the means of achievement. Goal statements form the basis for objectives and actions that will be used as means to achieve the goals. Objectives define strategies to attain the goals and are more specific and measurable.

Based on the risk assessment review and goal setting process, Stakeholders identified the following goals and objectives, which provide the direction for reducing future hazard-related losses within the Tulare County Planning Area.

5.3 Identification Mitigation Goals and Actions

Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii) and §201.6(c)(3)(ii): [The mitigation strategy shall include a] section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

Mitigation goals are guidelines that represent what the community wants to accomplish through the mitigation plan. Goals are broad statements that represent a long-term, community-wide vision. The planning team reviewed example goals and objectives, and determined which goals best met the County’s objectives for mitigation. In addition to the overarching hazard mitigation goals, the County worked with CAL FIRE to develop the strategies in alignment with the County General Plan Health and Safety Element. The goals align with the hazards in the 2016 General Plan and reflect input provided by stakeholders and the public.

Table 5-2 lists the goals for the 2018 MJLHMP.

Table 5-2 Hazard Mitigation Goals
Goal 1: Protect life, property, and reduce potential injuries from natural, technological, and human-caused hazards.

Goal 2: Improve public understanding, support and need for hazard mitigation measures.

Goal 3: Promote disaster resistance for the County’s natural, existing, and future built environment.

Goal 4: Strengthen partnerships and collaboration to implement hazard mitigation activities.

Goal 5: Enhance the County’s ability to effectively and immediately respond to disasters.

Many of the County’s mitigation strategies from the 2018 HMP are still relevant to this update. Table 5-3 contains an updated set of potential future County-specific mitigation actions. Mitigation actions were derived from numerous sources including the General Plan, the Climate Action Plan and input from the public and stakeholders. The County shall strive to implement these mitigation actions as determined to be economically and technically feasible under current regulations and fiscal constraints. Applicable hazards codes are:

CD – Civil Disturbance
CC – Climate Change
DF – Dam Failure
EQ – Earthquake
EN – Energy Emergency
EH – Extreme Heat
FR – Fire
FL – Flood
FG – Fog
HZ – Hazardous Materials
LS – Landslides/Mudslides/Debris Flows
LF – Levee Failure
PD – Pandemics and Vector Borne Disease
SW – Storms and High Winds
TR – Terrorism
Mit. – Mitigation
Prep. – Preparedness
Res. – Response

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Table 5-3 County-Specific Actions and Applicable Hazards

Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 1-1
Create a GIS-based pre-application review for new construction and major remodels of residential and/or non-residential structures in hazard areas, such high and/or very high wildfire areas.

All Mit.
1 1-2
Continue to integrate the Tulare County MJLHMP, in particular the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into local planning documents, including general plans, emergency
operations plans, and capital improvement plans.

All Mit.
1 1-3
Permit development only in areas where the potential danger to the health and safety of people and property can be mitigated to an acceptable level.

All Mit.
1 1-4
Continue to designate areas with a potential for significant hazardous conditions for open space, agriculture, and other appropriate low intensity uses.

All Mit.
1 1-5
Except as otherwise allowed by State law, ensure that all new buildings intended for human habitation are designed in compliance with the latest edition of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, and other adopted standards based on risk (e.g., seismic hazards, flooding), type of occupancy, and location (e.g., floodplain, fault).

All Mit.
1 1-6
Continue to seek grant funding for the rehabilitation of deteriorated and dilapidated structures and provide available information regarding housing programs and other public services including the identification of existing nonconforming building construction specific to building codes that apply in the Very High Fire Hazard Safety Zones.

FR Mit.
1 1-7 Continue to evaluate areas to determine levels of earthquake risk. EQ Mit. 1 1-8 Continue to discourage construction and grading on slopes in excess of 30%

EQ, FR,
LS Mit.
1 1-9
Request Federal and State financial assistance to implement corrective seismic safety measures required for existing County buildings and structures.

EQ Mit
1 1-10
Do not permit any structure for human occupancy to be placed within designated Earthquake Fault Zones (pursuant to and as determined by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act; Public Resource code, Chapter 7.5) unless the specific provision of the Act and Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations have been satisfied.

EQ Mit.
1 1-11
Discourage the location of new schools in areas designated for agriculture, unless the School District agrees to the construction and maintenance of all necessary infrastructure impacted by the project.

All Mit.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 1-12
Encourage and support the development of new agricultural related industries featuring alternative energy, utilization of agricultural waste, and solar or wind
farms.

CC, DR,
EH, EN Mit.
1 1-13
Continue to require buffer areas between development projects and significant watercourses, riparian vegetation, wetlands, and other sensitive habitats and natural communities. These buffers should be sufficient to assure the continued existence of the waterways and riparian habitat in their natural state.

FL Mit.
1 1-14
Continue to ensure that development in high or very high fire hazard areas is designed and constructed in a manner that minimizes the risk from fire hazards and meets all applicable State and County fire standards.

FR Mit.
1 1-15
Identify and map existing housing structures that do not conform to contemporary fire standards in terms of building materials, perimeter access, and vegetative hazards in very high fire hazard severity zones or state responsibility area by fire hazard zone designation. Identify plans and actions to improve substandard housing structures and neighborhoods.

FR Mit.
1 1-16
Identify plans and actions for existing residential structures and neighborhoods, and particularly substandard residential structures and neighborhoods, to be improved to meet current fire safe ordinances pertaining to access, water flow, signing, and vegetation clearing.

FR Mit.
1 1-17
Develop plans and action items for vegetation management that provides fire damage mitigation and protection of open space values. Plans should address protection of natural resource financial values, establishment of fire resilient natural resources, protection of watershed qualities, and protection of endangered species habitats. Actions should consider prescribed burning, fuel breaks, and vegetation thinning and removal.

FR Mit.
1 1-18
Develop burn area recovery plans that incorporate strategic fire safe measures developed during the fire suppression, such as access roads, fire lines, safety zones, and fuelbreaks, and helispots.

FR Mit.
1 1-19 Incorporate native species habitat needs as part of long term fire protection and fire restoration plans. FR Mit.
1 1-20
Establish fire defense strategies (such as fire ignition resistant areas) that provide adequate fire protection without dependency on fire resources (both air and ground) and could serve as safety zones for the public or emergency support personnel.

FR Mit.
1 1-21
Develop dead tree removal projects that are actionable based on available resources, rules, regulatory approvals and available funding.

FR Mit.
1 1-22
Create an inventory of levees and their conditions in Tulare County. FL, LF Mit.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 1-23
Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential structures, in particular those that have been identified as Repetitive Loss (RL) properties that are located within the 100-year floodplain.

FL Mit.
1 1-24
Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof critical facilities that are located within the 100-year floodplain. FL
1 1-25
Wherever practical reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road and installing culverts beneath the road or building higher bridges across the area that experiences regular flooding.

FL Mit.
1 1-26
Work with FEMA Region IX to address any floodplain
management issues that may have arisen/arise from the
countywide DFIRM, Community Assessment Visits, and/or the DWR.

FL, DF Mit.
1 1-27
Increase participation in the NFIP by entering the Community Rating System program which through enhanced floodplain management activities would allow property owners to receive a discount on their flood insurance.

FL Mit.
1 1-28
Provide flood protection for the County’s Juvenile Detention Facility and Records Storage Facility located north of Avenue 368.

FL Mit.
1 1-29
Construct a new 24-inch culvert pipe with a canal gate from Sontag Ditch on the south side of SR 201 to daylight into the Stone Corral Ditch on the east side of Sontag Ditch. The purpose of this project is intended to direct high flows from Sontag Ditch to the Stone Corral Ditch during heavy rain events. The diverted water will flow into Stone Corral Irrigation District’s detention basin located approximately two miles to the south, just north of Cottonwood Creek, therefore, alleviating flooding in the Seville area.

FL, DR Mit.
1 1-30
Complete the Yettem Button ditch project by obtaining flood easement rights north of the community of Yettem adjacent to the Button Ditch. This will provide comparable flood protection with the added benefit of groundwater recharge.

FL, DR Mit.
1 1-31 Contract and proceed with preparation of the Flood Control Master Plan Update for the Fresno-Tulare Unit. FL, DF Mit. 1 1-32
Continue to conduct annual retention basin maintenance that includes weed abatement, fence repair, and drainage inlet flushing.

FL Mit.
1 1-33
Inspect and cycle County flood control pumps annually to ensure functionality. Clear shrubs and debris in proximity to the basins and channels of the pumps to minimize potential blockage during operation. If required, contract with local pump repair contractors to service the equipment.

FL Mit.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 1-34
Regulate development in the 100-year floodplain zones as designated on maps prepared by FEMA in accordance with the following:

1. Critical facilities (those facilities which should be open and accessible during emergencies) shall not be permitted.

2. Passive recreational activities (those requiring non-intensive development, such as hiking, horseback riding, picnicking) are permissible.

3. New development and divisions of land, especially residential subdivisions, shall be developed to minimize flood risk to structures, infrastructure, and ensure safe access and evacuation during flood conditions.

FL Mit.
1 1-35 Continue to participate in the NFIP. FL Mit.
1 1-36
Review projects for their exposure to inundation due to dam failure. If a project presents a direct threat to human life, appropriate mitigation measures shall be taken, including restriction of development in the subject area.

FL, DR,
DF Mit.
1 1-37
Ensure that the proponents of new development projects address hazardous materials concerns through the preparation of Phase I or Phase II hazardous materials studies for each identified site as part of the design phase for each project. Recommendations required to satisfy Federal or State cleanup standards outlined in the studies will be implemented as part of the construction phase for each project.

HZ Mit.
1 1-38
Continue to cooperate with the California Highway Patrol to establish procedures for the movement of hazardous wastes and explosives within the County.

HZ Mit.
1 1-39
Implement post-fire debris flow hill-slope and channel treatments, such as seeding, mulching, check dams, and debris racks, as needed.

LS Mit.
1 1-40
Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent to rights of-way and in close proximity to critical facilities in order to reduce the risk of tree failure and property damage and avoid creation of wind acceleration corridors within vegetated areas.

WS Mit.
1 1-41
Develop free annual tree chipping and tree pick-up days that encourages residents living in wind hazard areas to manage trees and shrubs at risk of falling on nearby structures.

WS Mit.
1 1-42
Bolt down the roofs of critical facilities in wind gust hazard areas in order to prevent wind damage. WS Mit
1 1-43
Continue to create, revise, and maintain emergency plans for the broad range of natural and human-made disasters and response activities that could foreseeably impact the County. This shall include, but not be limited to, flooding, dam failure, extreme weather, evacuation/transportation, mass care and shelter, and animal evacuation and sheltering.

All Prep.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 1-44
Reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road and installing culverts beneath the road or building a higher bridge across the area that experiences regular flooding.

FL Mit.
1 1-45 Design and construct a permanent solution to flooding east of Friant Kern Canal in Strathmore. FL Mit.
1 1-46 Design and construct a permanent solution to protect M137(Reservation Road) from flooding. FL Mit.
1 1-47 Restore Cottonwood creek back to natural flow path, protect Road 108 and provide additional impoundment. FL Mit.
1 1-48
Conduct a hydrological survey/study to investigate potential flooding issues due to ground subsidence caused by use of groundwater without replenishment. Create a data base for future land planning use.

CC, FL Mit.
1 1-49 Identify and implement strategies that result in promoting stormwater management through groundwater recharge projects. CC, FL Mit. 1 1-50 Develop a program to identify, prioritize, fund and develop designs to replace functionally obsolete bridges. FL Mit. 1 1-51 Develop a program to identify, prioritize, fund and develop designs to replace structurally obsolete bridges. FL Mit. 1 1-52 Design and construct a bridge structure on Road 184 (btw A24- A32) on the White River. FL Mit.
1 1-53 Design and construct a bridge structure on R156 (btw A32-A40) on White River. FL Mit.
1 1-54 Design and construct a bridge structure on R88 (btw A56-A84) on Deer Creek. FL Mit.
1 1-55 Identify, prioritize, fund and develop permanent solutions for low water crossings throughout the County. FL Mit.
1 1-56 Engage the entire community and develop a County-wide drought response plan to respond to period of prolonged dry weather.

CC, DR,
FR Prep.
1 1-57
Identify potential problem areas, and develop and implement a plan to address potential groundwater contamination issues in small water systems.

HZ Mit.
1 1-58
Develop transportation plans and projects that support providing adequate vehicular access to the southwest corner of the County after High Speed Rail is constructed.

FL Mit.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 1-59
Develop and implement a program to address potential channel capacity loss, potential flooding issues, and bridge clearance issues resulting from subsidence on the Friant Kern Canal FL Mit.
1 1-60
Seismically retrofit or replace County and local ramps and bridges that are categorized as structurally deficient by Caltrans, are located in high ground shaking areas, and/or are necessary for first responders to use during and/or immediate after a disaster or emergency.

EQ Mit.
1 1-61
Identify at risk structures and reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road and installing culverts beneath the road or building a higher bridge across the area that experiences regular flooding.

FL Mit.
1 1-62
Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent to rights-of-way and in close proximity to critical facilities in order to reduce the risk of tree failure and property damage and avoid creation of wind acceleration corridors within vegetated areas.

WS Mit.
1 1-63
Implement a fuel reduction program, such as the collection and disposal of dead fuel, within open spaces and around critical facilities and residential structures located within a high and very high wildfire zones.

FR Mit.
1 1-64 Develop a Debris Management Plan. FL, FR,
WS Mit.
1 1-65 Develop a County-wide Storm Water Resources Plan. DR, CC, FL Mit.
1 1-66
Develop and implement programs and policies to protect and enhance surface water and groundwater resources critical to human consumption.

DR, CC,
FL Mit.
1 1-67
Develop groundwater recharge projects to promote groundwater sustainability, and mitigate and recover from the effects of prolonged drought.

CC, DR,
FL Mit
2 2-1
Continue to promote awareness and education among residents regarding possible natural hazards, including soil conditions, earthquakes, flooding, fire hazards, and emergency procedures.

EQ, FL,
FR, DF Mit.
2 2-2
Develop a public outreach program that informs property owners located in the dam or levee inundation areas about voluntary flood insurance.

FL, DF,
LF Mit.
2 2-3
Promote public safety programs, including neighborhood watch programs, child identification and fingerprinting, public awareness and prevention of fire hazards, public health and other public education efforts.

CD, TR,
PD Mit.
2 2-4 Develop and implement a County-wide program to promote water use understanding and water conservation. CC Mit.
3 3-1
Conduct site investigations in areas planned for new development to determine susceptibility to landslides, subsidence/settlement, contamination, and/or flooding.

CC, FL,
HZ, LS, Mit.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
3 3-2
Maintain agriculture as the primary land use in the valley region of the County, not only in recognition of the economic importance of agriculture, but also in terms of agriculture’s real contribution to the conservation of open space and natural resources.

CC Mit.
3 3-3
Consider developing an Agricultural Conservation Easement Program to help protect and preserve agricultural lands (including Important Farmlands), as defined in the General Plan Safety Element. This program may require payment of an in-lieu fee sufficient to purchase a farmland conservation easement, farmland deed restriction, or other farmland conservation mechanism as a condition of approval for conservation of important agricultural land to non-agricultural use.

CC Mit.
3 3-4 Seek to protect and enhance surface water and groundwater resources critical to agriculture. CC Mit.
3 3-5
Identify opportunities for infill development projects near employment areas within all unincorporated communities to reduce vehicle trips.

CC Mit.
3 3-6
Encourage high-density residential development (greater than 14 dwelling units per gross acre) to locate along collector roadways and transit routes, and near public facilities (e.g., schools, parks), shopping, recreation, and entertainment where economically feasible.

CC Mit.
3 3-7
Review Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and LEED-neighborhood development certification requirements and develop an implementation program.

CC, EN Mit.
3 3-8
Encourage the location of ancillary employee services (including, but not limited to, child care, restaurants, banking facilities, convenience markets) near major employment centers for the purpose of reducing midday vehicle trips.

CC Mit.
3 3-9
Encourage new streets to be designed and constructed to not only accommodate traffic, but also serve as comfortable pedestrian and cyclist environments. These should include, but not be limited to:
 Street tree planting adjacent to curbs and between the street and sidewalk to provide a buffer between pedestrians and automobiles, where appropriate
 Minimize curb cuts along streets
 Sidewalks on both sides of streets, where feasible
 Bike lanes and walking paths, where feasible on collectors and arterials
CC Mit.
3 3-10
Work with school districts and land developers to locate school sites consistent with current and future land uses. The County shall also encourage siting new schools near the residential areas that they serve and with access to safe pedestrian paths to schools.

CC Mit.
3 3-11 Work to comprehensively study methods of transportation, which may contribute to a reduction in air pollution in Tulare County. CC Mit.

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Goal
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable
Hazards
Mitigation Type
3 3-12
Encourage all new development, including rehabilitation, renovation, and redevelopment, to incorporate energy
conservation and green building practices to maximum extent feasible. Such practices include building orientation and shading, landscaping, and the use of active and passive solar heating and water systems.

CC Mit
4 4-1 Coordinate with cities to develop cohesive fire safety plans with overlapping coverage. FR Mit.
4 4-2 Work with local and Federal agencies to support efforts to reduce fuel related hazards on public lands. FR Mit.
4 4-3
Coordinate emergency response with local, State, and Federal governmental agencies, community organizations, volunteer agencies, and other response partners during emergencies or disasters using the California Standard Emergency Management System and the National Incident Management System.

All Resp.
4 4-4
Participate in established local, State, and Federal mutual aid systems. Where necessary and appropriate, the County shall enter into agreements to ensure the effective provision of emergency services, such as mass care, heavy rescue, hazardous materials, or other specialized function.

All Resp.
4 4-5
Continue to work with weather forecasting and public safety agencies to provide warning and protective information to residents, travelers, and visitors about severe valley fog and extreme heat conditions.

FG, EH Resp.
4 4-6
Increase participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) by entering the Community Rating System program which through enhanced floodplain management activities would allow property owners to receive a discount on their flood insurance.

FL Mit.
5 5-1
Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to track fire and law enforcement response times and provide technical assistance to fire and law enforcement agencies.

FR, TR,
CD Mit.
5 5-2
Require, where feasible, road networks (public and private) to provide for safe and ready access for emergency equipment and provide alternate routes for evacuation.

All Mit.
5 5-3
In approving new facilities, such as nursing homes, housing for the elderly and other housing for the mentally and physically infirm, to the extent possible, ensure that such facilities are located within reasonable distance of fire and law enforcem ent stations FR Mit.
5 5-4
Expand the Street Names and House Numbering Ordinance to all areas of the County, including private roads, for emergency 911 purposes.

All Mit.

Mitigation Action Plan

Mitigation actions are specific activities or projects that serve to meet the goals that the community has identified. Mitigation actions and projects are more specific than goals or objectives, and often include a Tulare County
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mechanism, such as an assigned timeframe, to measure the success and ensure the actions are accomplished.

The planning team conducted a review of the mitigation actions and strategies from the 2018 HMP. With information from the risk analysis, capability assessment, and status of the actions implemented since the 2018 HMP, the planning team integrated outstanding action items with other County planning efforts to develop new mitigation actions and projects to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure. Current mitigation projects identified by the County are included in Table 5-4. A complete list of mitigation actions for all jurisdictions is included in individual jurisdiction annexes.

The requirements for prioritization of mitigation actions, as provided in the federal regulations implementing the Stafford Act as amended by DMA 2000, are described below in Figure 5-1.

Figure 5-1 FEMA Regulation Checklist

Based on these criteria, the County prioritized potential mitigation projects and included them in the action plan discussed below in Table 5-5. The mitigation action plan developed by the planning team includes the action items that the County intends to implement during the next five years, assuming funding availability.

The action plan includes the implementing department, an estimate of the timeline for implementation, and potential funding sources.

The planning team does not presume the expertise to prescribe which projects will be implemented. The prioritization of projects in the MJLHMP is a means to provide a basis for implementing the mitigation strategies, but all new mitigation actions and projects will be formally prioritized and selected by the implementing department. This will accommodate the project funding, schedule of the department, staff requirements, and ability to integrate the new project into existing and ongoing projects. Departments will take into account the funding source, the cost effectiveness of the project, alternative projects, the compatibility of the new project with ongoing projects, the extent to which the project addresses the risks assessed in Section 3, and the potential of economic and social damage.

Mitigation activities identified by the County are potentially applicable for all the jurisdictions within the Tulare County
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County. Individual, detailed jurisdiction hazard mitigation action tables are included in Annexes A through I.

Prioritization
To assist with implementing the Mitigation Action Plan, the planning team used the following ranking process to provide a method to prioritize the projects for the Mitigation Action Plan. Designations of High, Medium, and Low priorities have been assigned to each action item using the following criteria:

Does the action:  Solve the problem?
 Address vulnerability assessment?
 Reduce the exposure or vulnerability to the highest priority hazard?  Address multiple hazards?
 Offer benefits that equal or exceed costs?
 Implement a goal, policy, or project identified in the General Plan or Capital Improvement Plan?
Can the action:  Be implemented with existing funds?
 Be implemented by existing State or Federal grant programs?  Be completed within the five-year life cycle of the MJLHMP? Will the action:  Be implemented with currently available technologies?  Be accepted by the community?
 Be supported by community leaders?
 Adversely affect segments of the population or neighborhoods?  Require a change in local ordinances or zoning laws?
 Result in positive or neutral impact on the environment?  Comply with all local, State, and Federal environmental laws and regulations?
Is there:  Sufficient staffing to undertake the project?  Existing authority to undertake the project?

Each positive response is equal to one point. Answers to the criteria above determined the priority according to the following scale:

1–6 = Low priority 7–12 = Medium priority 13–18 = High priority

When direct benefits or grants were not available, indirect costs were analyzed through using the social, technical, administrative, political, legal, economic and environmental (STAPLEE) benefit method.

Appendix C contains analysis of each of the mitigation activities based upon the STAPLEE method.

Table 5-5 County Hazard Mitigation Actions Implementation Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
1-1 RMA
Create a GIS-based pre-application review for
new construction and major remodels of
residential and/or non-residential structures in
hazard areas, such high and/or very high
wildfire areas.

Medium Short General Fund
1-2 RMA, OES
Continue to Integrate the Tulare County
MJLHMP, in particular the hazard analysis and
mitigation strategy sections, into local planning
High Short General Fund
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Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
documents, including general plans, emergency
operations plans, and capital improvement
plans.

1-3 RMA
Permit development only in areas where the
potential danger to the health and safety of
people and property can be mitigated to an
acceptable level.

High Continuing N/A
1-4 RMA
Continue to designate areas with a potential for
significant hazardous conditions for open
space, agriculture, and other appropriate low
intensity uses.

High Continuing N/A
1-5 RMA
Except as otherwise allowed by State law,
ensure that all new buildings intended for
human habitation are designed in compliance
with the latest edition of the California Building
Code, California Fire Code, and other adopted
standards based on risk (e.g., seismic hazards,
flooding), type of occupancy, and location (e.g.,
floodplain, fault).

High Continuing N/A
1-6 RMA
Continue to seek grant funding for the
rehabilitation of deteriorated and dilapidated
structures and provide available information
regarding housing programs and other public
services including the identification of existing
nonconforming building construction specific
to building codes that apply in the Very High
Fire Hazard Safety Zones.

High Continuing N/A
1-7 RMA Continue to evaluate areas to determine levels
of earthquake risk. Medium Continuing General Fund
1-8 RMA Continue to discourage construction and
grading on slopes in excess of 30% High Continuing N/A
1-9 RMA
Request Federal and State financial assistance
to implement corrective seismic safety
measures required for existing County
buildings and structures.

Medium Continuing N/A
1-10 RMA
Do not permit any structure for human
occupancy to be placed within designated
Earthquake Fault Zones (pursuant to and as
determined by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Act; Public Resource code,
Chapter 7.5) unless the specific provision of the
Act and Title 14 of the California Code of
Regulations have been satisfied.

Medium Continuing N/A
1-11 RMA, TCOE
Discourage the location of new schools in areas
designated for agriculture, unless the School
District agrees to the construction and
maintenance of all necessary infrastructure
impacted by the project.

High Continuing N/A
1-12 RMA, Ag Encourage and support the development of
new agricultural related industries featuring High Continuing N/A Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
381

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
alternative energy, utilization of agricultural
waste, and solar or wind
farms.
1-13 RMA
Continue to require buffer areas between
development projects and significant
watercourses, riparian vegetation, wetlands,
and other sensitive habitats and natural
communities. These buffers should be
sufficient to assure the continued existence of
the waterways and riparian habitat in their
natural state.

High Continuing N/A
1-14 RMA, Fire
Continue to ensure that development in high or
very high fire hazard areas is designed and
constructed in a manner that minimizes the risk
from fire hazards and meets all applicable State
and County fire standards.

High Continuing N/A
1-15 RMA, Fire
Identify and map existing housing structures
that do not conform to contemporary fire
standards in terms of building materials,
perimeter access, and vegetative hazards in
very high fire hazard severity zones or state
responsibility area by fire hazard zone
designation. Identify plans and actions to
improve substandard housing structures and
neighborhoods.

Med Short General Fund
1-16 RMA, Fire
Identify plans and actions for existing
residential structures and neighborhoods, and
particularly substandard residential structures
and neighborhoods, to be improved to meet
current fire safe ordinances pertaining to
access, water flow, signing, and vegetation
clearing.

High Short General Fund
1-17 RMA, Fire
Develop plans and action items for vegetation
management that provides fire damage
mitigation and protection of open space values.

Plans should address protection of natural
resource financial values, establishment of fire
resilient natural resources, protection of
watershed qualities, and protection of
endangered species habitats. Actions should
consider prescribed burning, fuel breaks, and
vegetation thinning and removal.

High Short General Fund,
HMPG
1-18 Fire
Develop burn area recovery plans that
incorporate strategic fire safe measures
developed during the fire suppression, such as
access roads, fire lines, safety zones, and
fuelbreaks, and helispots.

High Short General Fund,
Cal Fire
1-19 RMA, Fire
Incorporate native species habitat needs as part
of long term fire protection and fire restoration
plans.

High Continuing General Fund
1-20 Fire
Establish fire defense strategies (such as fire
ignition resistant areas) that provide adequate
fire protection without dependency on fire
resources (both air and ground) and could serve
Medium Short General Fund
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
382

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
as safety zones for the public or emergency
support personnel.
1-21 RMA, Fire
Develop dead tree removal projects that are
actionable based on available resources, rules,
regulatory approvals and available funding.

Medium Short General Fund,
State Grant
1-22 RMA Create a database that accounts for all levees in Tulare County and their condition. Medium Short General Fund 1-23 RMA
Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential
structures, in particular those that have been
identified as Repetitive Loss (RL) properties
that are located within the 100-year floodplain.

Low Long
General Fund
1-24 RMA
Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof
critical facilities that are located within the 100-
year floodplain.

Medium Long General Fund
1-25 RMA
Wherever practical reinforce County and local
ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding
through protection activities, including
elevating the road and installing culverts
beneath the road or building higher bridges
across the area that experiences regular
flooding.

High Short General Fund
1-26 RMA
Work with FEMA Region IX to address any
floodplain management issues that may have
arisen/arise from the countywide DFIRM,
Community Assessment Visits, and/or the
DWR.

High Short N/A
1-27 RMA
Increase participation in the NFIP by entering
the Community Rating System program which
through enhanced floodplain management
activities would allow property owners to
receive a discount on their flood insurance .

Med Short N/A
1-28 RMA
Provide flood protection for the County’s
Juvenile Detention Facility and Records
Storage Facility located north of Avenue 368.

High Short General Fund,
HMPG
1-29 RMA
Construct a new 24-inch culvert pipe with a
canal gate from Sontag Ditch on the south side
of SR 201 to daylight into the Stone Corral
Ditch on the east side of Sontag Ditch. The
purpose of this project is intended to direct high
flows from Sontag Ditch to the Stone Corral
Ditch during heavy rain events. The diverted
water will flow into Stone Corral Irrigation
District’s detention basin located
approximately two miles to the south, just north
of Cottonwood Creek, therefore, alleviating
flooding in the Seville area.

High Short
General Fund,
HMPG,
Flood control
fund
1-30 RMA
Complete the Yettem Button ditch project by
obtaining flood easement rights north of the
community of Yettem adjacent to the Button
Ditch. This will provide comparable flood
protection with the added benefit of
groundwater recharge.

High Short
General Fund,
HMPG, Flood
control fund

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
383

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
1-31 RMA
Contract and proceed with preparation of the
Flood Control Master Plan Update for the
Fresno-Tulare Unit.

Med Short General Fund
1-32 RMA
Continue to conduct annual retention basin
maintenance that includes weed abatement,
fence repair, and drainage inlet flushing.

High Short General Fund
1-33 RMA
Inspect and cycle County flood control pumps
annually to ensure functionality. Clear shrubs
and debris in proximity to the basins and
channels of the pumps to minimize potential
blockage during operation. If required, contract
with local pump repair contractors to service
the equipment.

High Short General Fund
1-34 RMA
Regulate development in the 100-year
floodplain zones as designated on maps
prepared by FEMA in accordance with the
following:

1. Critical facilities (those facilities which
should be open and accessible during
emergencies) shall not be permitted.

2. Passive recreational activities (those
requiring non-intensive development, such as
hiking, horseback riding, picnicking) are
permissible.

3. New development and divisions of land,
especially residential subdivisions, shall be
developed to minimize flood risk to structures,
infrastructure, and ensure safe access and
evacuation during flood conditions.

High Continuing N/A
1-35 RMA Continue to participate in the NFIP. High Continuing N/A 1-36 RMA
Review projects for their exposure to
inundation due to dam failure. If a project
presents a direct threat to human life,
appropriate mitigation measures shall be taken,
including restriction of development in the
subject area.

Med. Continuing General Fund
1-37 RMA
Ensure that the proponents of new development
projects address hazardous materials concerns
through the preparation of Phase I or Phase II
hazardous materials studies for each identified
site as part of the design phase for each project.

Recommendations required to satisfy Federal
or State cleanup standards outlined in the
studies will be implemented as part of the
construction phase for each project.

High Continuing N/A
1-38 Sheriff, HHSA
Env. Health
Continue to cooperate with the California
Highway Patrol to establish procedures for the
movement of hazardous wastes and explosives
within the County.

High Continuing General Fund
1-39 RMA
Implement post-fire debris flow hill-slope and
channel treatments, such as seeding, mulching,
check dams, and debris racks, as needed.

High Short General Fund,
Grants
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
384

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
1-40 RMA
Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent
to rights of-way and in close proximity to
critical facilities in order to reduce the risk of
tree failure and property damage and avoid
creation of wind acceleration corridors within
vegetated areas.

Medium Continuing General Fund
1-41 RMA
Develop a free annual tree chipping and tree
pick-up day that encourages residents living in
wind hazard areas to manage trees and shrubs
at risk of falling on nearby structures.

Medium Short General Fund
1-42 All
Bolt down the roofs of critical facilities in wind
gust hazard areas in order to prevent wind
damage.

Medium Short General Fund
1-43 OES
Continue to create, revise, and maintain
emergency plans for the broad range of natural
and human-made disasters and response
activities that could foreseeably impact the
County. This shall include, but not be limited
to, flooding, dam failure, extreme weather,
evacuation/ transportation, mass care and
shelter, and animal evacuation and sheltering.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-44 RMA
Reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and
roads from flooding through protection
activities, including elevating the road and
installing culverts beneath the road or building
a higher bridge across the area that experiences
regular flooding.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-45 RMA
Design and construct a permanent solution to
flooding east of Friant Kern Canal in
Strathmore
High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-46 RMA
Design and construct a permanent solution to
protect M137 (Reservation Road) from
flooding
High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-47 RMA
Restore Cottonwood creek back to natural flow
path, protect Road 108 and provide additional
impoundment
High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-48 RMA
Conduct a hydrological survey/study to
investigate potential flooding issues due to
ground subsidence caused by use of
groundwater without replenishment. Create a
data base for future land planning use.

High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-49 RMA
Identify and implement strategies that result in
promoting stormwater management through
groundwater recharge projects
High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-50 RMA
Develop a program to identify, prioritize, fund
and develop designs to replace functionally
obsolete bridges
High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-51 RMA
Develop a program to identify, prioritize, fund
and develop designs to replace structurally
obsolete bridges
High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-52 RMA Design and construct a bridge structure on Road 184 (btw A24-A32) on the White River High Short General Fund, Grants
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
385

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
1-53 RMA Design and construct a bridge structure on
R156 (btw A32-A40) on White Rive High Short General Fund, Grants
1-54 RMA Design and construct a bridge structure on R88 (btw A56-A84) on Deer Creek High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-55 RMA
Identify, prioritize, fund and develop
permanent solutions for low water crossings
throughout the County

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-56 RMA
Engage the entire community and develop a
County-wide drought response plan to respond
to period of prolonged dry weather
High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-57 RMA
Identify potential problem areas, and develop
and implement a plan to address potential
groundwater contamination issues in small
water systems
High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-58 RMA
Develop transportation plans and projects that
support providing adequate vehicular access to
the southwest corner of the County after High
Speed Rail is constructed
High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-59 RMA
Develop and implement a program to address
potential channel capacity loss, potential
flooding issues, and bridge clearance issues
resulting from subsidence on the Friant Kern
Canal
High Short General Fund,
Grants
1-60 RMA
Seismically retrofit or replace County and local
ramps and bridges that are categorized as
structurally deficient by Caltrans, are located in
high ground shaking areas, and/or are necessary
for first responders to use during and/or
immediate after a disaster or emergency.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-61 RMA
Identify at risk structures and reinforce County
and local ramps, bridges, and roads from
flooding through protection activities,
including elevating the road and installing
culverts beneath the road or building a higher
bridge across the area that experiences regular
flooding.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-62 RMA
Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent
to rights-of-way and in close proximity to
critical facilities in order to reduce the risk of
tree failure and property damage and avoid
creation of wind acceleration corridors within
vegetated areas.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-63 RMA
Implement a fuel reduction program, such as
the collection and disposal of dead fuel, within
open spaces and around critical facilities and
residential structures located within a high and
very high wildfire zones.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
1-64 RMA Develop a Debris Management Plan. High Medium Grants 1-65 RMA Develop a County-wide Storm Water
Resources Plan. High Medium General Fund,
Grants
1-66 RMA Develop and implement programs and policies
to protect and enhance surface water and High Continuing General Fund, Grants
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
386

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
groundwater resources critical to human
consumption.
1-67 RMA
Develop groundwater recharge projects to
promote groundwater sustainability, and
mitigate and recover from the effects of
prolonged drought.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
2-1 OES, RMA, PIO
Continue to promote awareness and education
among residents regarding possible natural
hazards, including soil conditions, earthquakes,
flooding, fire hazards, and emergency
procedures.

High Continuing General Fund
2-2 RMA
Develop a public outreach program that
informs property owners located in the dam or
levee inundation areas about voluntary flood
insurance.

High Short General Fund
2-3 HHSA, Fire,
Sheriff
Promote public safety programs, including
neighborhood watch programs, child
identification and fingerprinting, public
awareness and prevention of fire hazards, and
other public education efforts.

High Continuing General Fund
2-4 RMA
Develop and implement a County-wide
program to promote water use understanding
and water conservation.

High Continuing General Fund,
Grants
3-1 RMA
Conduct site investigations in areas planned for
new development to determine susceptibility to
landslides, subsidence/settlement,
contamination, and/or flooding.

High Continuing Owners
3-2 RMA, Ag
Maintain agriculture as the primary land use in
the valley region of the County, not only in
recognition of the economic importance of
agriculture, but also in terms of agriculture’s
real contribution to the conservation of open
space and natural resources.

High Continuing General Fund
3-3 RMA, Ag
Provide continuing support to the Agricultural
Conservation Easement Program to help protect
and preserve agricultural lands (including
Important Farmlands), as defined in the General
Plan Safety Element. This program may require
payment of an in-lieu fee sufficient to purchase
a farmland conservation easement, farmland
deed restriction, or other farmland conservation
mechanism as a condition of approval for
conservation of important agricultural land to
non-agricultural use.

High Continuing General Fund
3-4 RMA Seek to protect and enhance surface water and
groundwater resources critical to agriculture. High Short General Fund 3-5 RMA
Identify opportunities for infill development
projects near employment areas within all
unincorporated communities to reduce vehicle
trips.

High Continuing General Fund
3-6 RMA
Encourage high-density residential
development (greater than 14 dwelling units per
gross acre) to locate along collector roadways
High Continuing General Fund
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
387

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
and transit routes, and near public facilities
(e.g., schools, parks), shopping, recreation, and
entertainment, where economically feasible.
3-7 RMA
Review Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) and LEED-
neighborhood development certification
requirements and develop an implementation
program.

High Continuing General Fund
3-8 RMA
Encourage the location of ancillary employee
services (including, but not limited to, child
care, restaurants, banking facilities,
convenience markets) near major employment
centers for the purpose of reducing midday
vehicle trips.

High Continuing General Fund
3-9 RMA
Encourage new streets to be designed and
constructed to not only accommodate traffic,
but also serve as comfortable pedestrian and
cyclist environments. These should include,
but not be limited to:
 Street tree planting adjacent to curbs
and between the street and sidewalk to
provide a buffer between pedestrians
and automobiles, where appropriate
 Minimize curb cuts along streets
 Sidewalks on both sides of streets,
where feasible
Bike lanes and walking paths, where feasible on
collectors and arterials
High Continuing General Fund,
grants
3-10 RMA, TCOE
Work with school districts and land developers
to locate school sites consistent with current
and future land uses. The County shall also
encourage siting new schools near the
residential areas that they serve and with access
to safe pedestrian paths to schools.

High Continuing General Fund,
School Bonds
3-11 RMA
Work to comprehensively study methods of
transportation, which may contribute to a
reduction in air pollution in Tulare County.

High Short General Fund
3-12 RMA
Encourage all new development, including
rehabilitation, renovation, and redevelopment,
to incorporate energy conservation and green
building practices to maximum extent feasible.

Such practices include building orientation and
shading, landscaping, and the use of active and
passive solar heating and water systems.

High Continuing Property
Owners
4-1 RMA, Fire Coordinate with cities to develop cohesive fire safety plans with overlapping coverage. High Continuing General Fund 4-2 Fire, RMA
Work with local and Federal agencies to
support efforts to reduce fuel related hazards on
public lands.

High Continuing General Fund
Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
388

Project
Number
Responsibility Description Priority Schedule Funding
Source
4-3 OES, Fire
Coordinate emergency response with local,
State, and Federal governmental agencies,
community organizations, volunteer agencies,
and other response partners during emergencies
or disasters using the California Standard
Emergency Management System and the
National Incident Management System.

High Continuing General Fund
4-4 OES, Fire
Participate in established local, State, and
Federal mutual aid systems. Where necessary
and appropriate, the County shall enter into
agreements to ensure the effective provision of
emergency services, such as mass care, heavy
rescue, hazardous materials, or other
specialized function.

High Continuing General Fund
4-5 OES
Continue to work with weather forecasting and
public safety agencies to provide warning and
protective information to residents, travelers,
and visitors about severe valley fog and
extreme heat conditions.

High Continuing General Fund
4-6 RMA
Increase participation in the National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP) by entering the
Community Rating System program which
through enhanced floodplain management
activities would allow property owners to
receive a discount on their flood insurance.

High Continuing General Fun
5-1 RMA, Fire,
Sheriff
Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
technology to track fire and law enforcement
response times and provide technical assistance
to fire and law enforcement agencies.

High Short General Fund
5-2 RMA
Require, where feasible, road networks (public
and private) to provide for safe and ready access
for emergency equipment and provide alternate
routes for evacuation.

Medium Continuing General Fund
5-3 RMA
In approving new facilities, such as nursing
homes, housing for the elderly and other
housing for the mentally and physically infirm,
to the extent possible, ensure that such facilities
are located within reasonable distance of fire
and law enforcement stations
Medium Continuing General Fund
5-4 RMA
Expand the Street Names and House
Numbering Ordinance to all areas of the
County, including private roads, for emergency
911 purposes.

Medium Short General Fund

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023 389

6-1

Chapter 6. Plan Adoption
Requirement §201.1.6(c)(5) and §201.7(c)(5) [The local hazard mitigation plan shall include] documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan (e.g.. City Council, County commissioner, Tribal Council).

6.1 Element E.1 Formal Plan Adoption Documentation

Adoption by the local governing body demonstrates the community’s commitment to implementing the mitigation strategy and authorizes responsible agencies to execute their actions. The final plan is not approved until Tulare County and each participating jurisdiction adopts the plan and FEMA receives documentation of formal adoption by the governing body of each jurisdiction requesting approval. This plan is for Tulare County, the unincorporated County, and its incorporated cities of Dinuba, Exeter, Farmersville, Lindsay, Porterville, Tulare Visalia, and Woodlake, as well as special districts: Tulare County Office of Education, Tule River Tribe, Hot Springs School District, Kings River Union School District, Rockford School District, Tulare Irrigation District, Terra Bella Sewer Maintenance District, and Tulare County Flood Control District.

Tulare County and the eight participating cities, together with 11 special districts plan to submit this plan to the Tulare County Board of Supervisors (BOS), County Office of Education, and their respective city councils upon successful completion of State and federal review and following the issuance of an Approved Pending Adoption (APA) designation from FEMA. This provides an efficient approval process if FEMA determines the MJLHMP requires revisions because the County and each participating city as well as Tulare Irrigation District and the Office of Education can make these revisions prior to initiating the local plan adoption process.

Once FEMA issues APA notification, adoption by each participating jurisdiction must take place within one year for each jurisdiction to become or remain eligible for FEMA HMA program funding. Given this is a multi-jurisdictional planning process, Tulare County will coordinate the adoption of all eight jurisdictions and the Tulare Irrigation District, and Office of Education can make these revisions prior to initiating the local plan adoption process.

Once the County records and submits and adoption documentation to Cal OES and FEMA, FEMA will issue an official approval letter stating which jurisdictions/agency have adopted and are approved and eligible for FEMA HMA program funding. The approval letter will include the expiration date five years from the date of the letter and attached to the approval letter will be a final FEMA Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool that provides feedback on the strengths of the plan, recommendations for plan improvements during future plan updates, and suggestions for implementing the mitigation strategy.

6.2 General Plan Safety Element Integration

The MJLHMP was prepared consistent with Tulare County General Plan Safety Element. The planning mechanisms cover common overlapping natural hazard issues and mutually reinforcing policies and implementation programs. California Government Code Section 65302.10, (AB 2140) encourages California counties and cities to adopt their current, FEMA-approved LHMPs into the Safety Element of their General Plan. This adoption by reference or incorporation of the MJLHMP into the Safety Element of the General Plan follows plan approval and makes Tulare County and each participating jurisdiction eligible to be considered for part or all of its local-share costs on eligible public assistance funding to be provided by the state under CDAA. As such, AB 2140 expires when the MJLHMP expires, the County must re-adopt the plan into the Safety Element during update cycles to ensure continued compliance and funding eligibility.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
390

6-2

Additionally, each participating jurisdictions must adopt their annex into their own General Plan Safety Element, as the annex jurisdictions are not covered under the County’s General Plan Safety Element Adoption.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
391

7-1

Chapter 7. Plan Implementation and Maintenance

Implementation and maintenance of this LHMP Update is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This Planning Step 10 of the 10-step planning process. This section provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the Plan. The section also discusses incorporating the LHMP Update into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued public involvement.

Section 4 Planning Process includes information on the implementation and maintenance process since the 2018 LHMP Update was adopted. This section includes information on the implementation and maintenance process for this 2023 LHMP Update.

7.1 Implementation

Once adopted, this LHMP Update faces the truest test of its worth: implementation. While this Plan contains may worthwhile actions, the County will need to decide which action(s) to undertake first. Two factors will help with making that decision: the priority assigned the actions in the planning process and funding availability. Lor or no-cost actions most easily demonstrate progress toward successful LHMP implementation.

An important implementation mechanism that is highly effective and low-cost is incorporation of the hazard mitigation plan recommendations and their underlying principles into other plans and mechanisms, such as general plans, stormwater plans, Emergency Operations Plans, evacuation plans, and other hazard and emergency management planning efforts for Tulare County. The County already implements policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. This LHMP Update builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms.

Responsibility for Implementation of Goals and Activities

Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Economic Development and Planning Division and other Division staff appointed to head each department within the County are charged with implementation of various activities in this LHMP Update. During the quarterly reviews as described later in this section, an assessment of progress on each of the goals and activities in the LHMP Update should be determined and noted. At that time, recommendations were made to modify timeframes for completion of activities, funding resources, and responsible entities. On a quarterly basis, the priority standing of various activities may also be changed. Some activities that are found not to be doable may be deleted from the Plan Update entirely and activities addressing problems unforeseen during Plan development may be added.

7.1.1 Role of Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee in Implementation and Maintenance

With adoption of this LHMP Update, the participating jurisdictions will be responsible for the LHMP Requirement §201.1.6(c)(4): The plan maintenance process shall include a section describing the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan within a five-year cycle.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
392

7-2
implementations and maintenance. The Planning Committee identified in Appendix A (or a similar committee) will reconvene quarterly each year to ensure mitigation strategies are being implemented and the County continues to maintain compliance with the incorporated communities and special districts, and

 Act as a forum for hazard mitigation issues;
 Disseminate hazard mitigation ideas and activities to all participants;  Pursue the implementation of high-priority, low/no-cost recommended actions;  Ensure hazard mitigation remains a consideration for community decision makers,  Maintain a vigilant monitoring of multi-objective cost-share opportunities to help the community implement the plan’s recommended actions for which no current funding exists;  Monitor and assist in the implementation and update of this Plan;  Report on Plan progress and recommended changes to the County Board of Supervisors; and  Inform and solicit input from the public.

The primary duty of the County is to see the LHMP Update successfully carried out and to report to their governing board and the public on the status of LHMP implementation and mitigation opportunities. Other duties include reviewing and promoting mitigation proposals, considering stakeholder concerns about the hazard mitigation, passing concerns on to appropriate entities, and posting relevant information on the County website.

7.2 Maintenance

Plan maintenance implies an ongoing effort to monitor and evaluate LHMP implementation and to update this Plan as progress, roadblocks, or changing circumstances are recognized.

7.2.1 Maintenance Schedule

Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Economic Development and Planning Division is responsible for initiating Plan reviews. In order to monitor progress and update the mitigation strategies identified in the mitigation action plan, Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Economic Development and Planning Division and the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee will revisit this Plan quarterly each year and following a hazard event and submit a five-year written update to the State and FEMA Region IX, unless disaster or other circumstances (e.g., changing regulations) require a change to this schedule. With this LHMP Update anticipated to be fully approved and adopted in March 2023, the next formal Plan update for the Tulare County Planning Area will occur in 2028. With a formal FEMA Plan approval required in March 2028 for the next LHMP Update, Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Economic Development and Planning Division will initiate efforts to obtain a planning grant for the 2028 LHMP Update in 2025, with a new LHMP development process initiated in early 2026

7.2.2 Maintenance Evaluation Process

Evaluation of progress can be achieved by monitoring changes in vulnerabilities identified in the LHMP.

Changes in vulnerability can be identified by noting:
 Decreased vulnerability as a result of implementing recommended actions;  Increase vulnerability as a result of failed or ineffective mitigation actions; and/or  Increased vulnerability as a result of new development (an/or annexation).  Increase vulnerability resulting from unforeseen or new circumstances.

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March 2023
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7-3
Updates to this LHMP will:
 Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation;  Document success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective;  Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective;  Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked;  Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks;  Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities;  Incorporate growth and development-related changes to infrastructure inventories; and  Incorporate new action recommendations or changes in action prioritization.

Changes will be made to this LHMP Update to accommodate for actions that have failed or are not considered feasible after a review of their consistency with established criteria, time frame, community priorities, and/or funding resources. All mitigation actions will be reviewed as well during the monitoring and update of this Plan to determine feasibility of future implementation. Updating of this LHMP will be by written changes and submissions, as the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee deems appropriate and necessary, and as approved by the County Board of Supervisors. In keeping with the five-year update process, the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee will convene public meetings to solicit public input on this LHMP Update and its routine maintenance and the final product will be again adopted by the County Board of Supervisors and governing boards for the other Participating Jurisdictions.

Quarterly Plan Review Process

For the LHMP Update review process, Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Economic Development and Planning Division will be responsible for facilitating, coordinating, and scheduling reviews and maintenance of the LHMP. The LHMP is intended to be a living document. The review of the 2023 LHMP Update will normally occur on a quarterly basis each year and will be conducted by the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee as follows:
 Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Economic Development and Planning Division will place an advertisement in the local newspaper advising the public of the date, time, and place for each quarterly review of the LHMP Update and will be responsible for leading the meeting to review the Plan.
 Notices will be mailed to the members of the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee, federal, state, and local agencies, non-profit groups, local planning agencies, representatives of business interests, neighboring communities, and other advising them of the date, time, and place for the review.
 County/City/Special District officials will be noticed by email and telephone or personal visit and urged to participate.
 Prior to review, department heads and others tasked with implementation of the various activities will be queried concerning progress on each activity in their area of responsibility and asked to present a report at the review meeting.
 The local news media will be contacted, and a copy of the current Plan will be available for public comment at Tulare County.
 After the review meeting, minutes of the meeting and a quarterly report will be prepared by the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee will be presented to the County Board of Supervisors for review, and a request will be made that the Board take action to recognize and adopt any changes resulting from the review.

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 A copy of the 2023 LHMP Update will be continually posted on the Internet as will the annual CRS Activity 510 reports.

Criteria for Quarterly Reviews

The criteria recommended in 44 CFR 201 and 206 will be utilized in reviewing and updating the LHMP.

More specifically, the reviews should include the following information:
 Community growth or change in the past quarter.
 The number of substantially damaged or substantially improved structures by flood zone.  The renovations to public infrastructure including water, sewer, drainage, roads, bridges, gas lines, and buildings.
 Natural hazard occurrences that required activation of the OES and whether or not the event resulted in a presidential disaster declaration.
 Natural hazard occurrences that were not of a magnitude to warrant activation of the OES or a federal disaster declaration but were severe enough to cause damage in the community or closure of businesses, schools, or public services.
 The dates of hazard events descriptions.
 Documented damages dure to the event.
 Closures of places of employment or schools and the number of days closed.  Road or bridge closures due to the hazard and the length of time closed.  Assessment of the number of private and public buildings damaged and whether the damage was minor, substantial, major, or if buildings were destroyed. The assessment will include residences, mobile homes, commercial structures, industrial structures, and public buildings, such as schools, and public safety buildings.

Review of any changes in federal, state, and local policies to determine the impact of these policies on the community and how and if the policy changes can or should be incorporated into the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Review of the status of implementation of projects (mitigation strategies) including projects completed will be noted. Projects behind schedule will include a reason for delay of implementation.

7.2.3 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms

Another important implementation mechanism that is highly effects and low-cost is incorporation of the 2023 LHMP Update recommendations and their underly principles into other County Plans and mechanisms.

Where possible, Plan participants will use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigation actions. As previously stated in Section 7.1 of this plan, mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of government and development. The point is re-emphasized here. As described in this LHMP’s capability assessment, the County already implements policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. This Plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms. These existing mechanisms include:
 The 2016 County General Plan Health and Safety Element. The Safety Element adopts the MJLHMP.
 The 2013 Emergency Operations Plan. The hazard section of the EOP provided a basis for the hazards identified in the MJLHMP.
 The 2016 draft County Strategic Plan. This plan was used to align strategic objectives with hazard mitigation goals.
 The 2011 and 2018 Local Hazard Mitigation Plans. This provided background and regional Tulare County
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knowledge.
 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2014  California APG: The 2012 APG provides information on the effects of climate change on California, and provided adaptation planning guidance used in the development of the climate change hazard profile.
 2013 State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. The State HMP was reviewed to ensure the alignment of the County MJLHMP with the state’s current hazard profiles and mitigation strategy.  Tule River Indian Tribe, General Website, 2010. The Tule River Tribe website was accessed on numerous occasions throughout the planning process. The website provided information regarding the Tribe in general, their land use and the Tribal Council structure.

A full list of references that were used to support updating the MJLHMP is contained in Appendix F.

Per California Assembly Bill 2140, the County intends on adopting the MJLHMP as part of the Safety Element of the General Plan, adopted pursuant to Section 65302 (g) of the California Government Code.

The County and participating jurisdictions will incorporate MJLHMP analysis of hazards and risks, mitigation goals and mitigation actions into the following planning mechanisms and processes:

 City and County EOPs and other emergency response processes. Many EOPs list the hazards that the planning area faces. Since these are well developed in the MJLHMP, the EOPs can excerpt this documentation.
 The County and participating jurisdictions’ capital improvement plans. The impacts of new development and projects will be analyzed for their effect on reducing hazards and lowering risk to the population and built out environment.
 Municipal Codes. The MJLHMP provides recommendations for strengthening city and County codes that support mitigation activities.
 County Flood Prevention Ordinance (Ordinance Code of Tulare County, Part VII, Chapter 27). The objective is to minimize the impacts of floods through building restrictions in flood zones and specifically in special flood hazard areas.
 County Flood Control Master Plan. This element of the General Plan addresses issues particularly related to flood control along natural watercourses in the County. This adopted Element is incorporated into this General Plan Update document as Chapter 15.  Hazardous Waste Management Plan. The County has a hazardous materials management plan to protect the health and safety of all citizens within the County and minimize the risk associated with hazardous materials through the development of policies and procedures.  Wildland Fire Management Plans. The County requires wildland fire management plans for projects adjoining significant areas of open space that may have high fuel loads.  County Climate Action Plan. Incorporates climate adaptation and resiliency strategies identified in California Government Code 65302 (g)(4)
 Stormwater Quality Management Program (SWQMP). Describes measures that the local jurisdiction will take to minimize stormwater pollution. The SWQMP is required by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II regulations, which became effective in March 2003.

Incorporation of action items and processes from the 2023 MJLHMP into various planning documents will be completed as other plans are updated and when new plans are developed. These efforts may coincide with the Plan Maintenance Method and Schedule activities. Additional action items may be implemented through the creation of new public educational programs, continued interagency coordination, and public input and participation. Appendix H contains a detailed analysis of integration of the MJLHMP into the County General Plan Safety Element and Climate Action Plan.

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7.2.4 Continued Public Involvement

Continued public involvement is imperative to the overall success of the Plan’s implementation. The update process provides an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders and to publicize success stories from the LHMP implementation and seek additional public comment. The Plan maintenance and update process will include continued public and stakeholder involvement and input through attendance at designate committee meetings, web postings, press releases to local media, and through public hearings.

Public Involvement Process for Quarterly Reviews

The public will be noticed by placing an advertisement in the newspaper specifying the date and time for the review and inviting public participation. The Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee, local, special district, state, and regional agencies will be notified and invited to attend and participate.

Public Involvement for Five-year Update

When the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee reconvenes for the next LHMP Update, they will coordinate with all stakeholders participating in the planning process – including those that joined the committee since the planning process began – to update and revise the Plan. In reconvening, the Hazard Mitigation and Planning Committee will identify a public outreach subcommittee, which will be responsible for coordinating the activities necessary to involve the greater public. The subcommittee will develop a plan for public involvement and will be responsible for disseminating information through a variety of media channels detailing the plan update process. As part of this effort, public meetings will be held and public comments will be solicited on the LHMP Update draft. The subcommittee will also coordinate this public outreach process with any public information programs established pursuant to the 2017 guidelines from the Community Rating System (CRS)
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Annex A City of Dinuba
The City of Dinuba is in the northwestern corner of the County, approximately 20 miles north of Visalia.

The City provides the following services:
• Public safety (police, fire protection, and ambulance service) • Domestic water
• Sanitary sewer treatment and disposal
• Transportation
• Parks and recreation
• Vocational training
T
he City contracts with a private carrier to provide pickup of solid waste within the City limits. Figure A-1 provides a map of Dinuba and its associated sphere of influence.

F
igure A-1: Dinuba Map
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A.1 COMMUNITY PROFILE
Geography and Climate: T he City has an area of 6.51 square miles. The City is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 330 feet above sea level. Dinuba’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Dinuba are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor portion of the County.

Government: The City was founded in 1888, i ncorporated in 1906, and became a charter city on July 7, 1994. Dinuba operates as a council -manager form of municipal government which is comprised of five members serving four-year overlapping terms.

Population and demographics: The City had an estimated 2021 population of 25,139, representing 17.1% growth since 20 10. The U.S. Census reported that Dinuba had a population of 21,453 in 2010. The population density was 3, 861, people per square mile (1, 487.5/km²). The racial makeup of Dinuba was 2,463 (9.8%) White; 100 (0.4%) African American; 176 (.7%) Native American ; 377 (1.5%) Asian; 0 (0%) Pacific Islander; 10750 (43.8%) from other races ; and 1,759 (7.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21,846 persons ( 86.9%). The Census reported that 24,272 people lived in households, 77 people lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 85 people were institutionalized.

There were 6,354 households, out of which 4,238 (66.7 %) were opposite -sex married couples living together; 2,136 (33.6%) had a female householder with no husband present ; and 546 (8.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 598 (9.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 15 (0.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 662 households (10.4%) were made up of individual .

The average household size was 3.8 2. There were 5,660 families (89.1% of all households); the average family size was 4.00.

Housing: There were 6,458 housing units at an average density of 1,888 per square mile (390.9/km²), of which 3,510 (54.3%) were owner-occupied and 2,899 (44.9%) were occupied by renters.

Economy: The economy of Dinuba is largely based on agriculture and food production. A variety of crops are cultivated including cotton, nuts, vegetables and fruits, including grapes (table grapes and wine), raisins, plums, peaches and citrus. Raisins are a major product in the Dinuba area, where 40 percent of the world’s raisins are grown and dried, totaling approximately 300,000 tons annually. The largest employer is Ruiz Foods which is America's leading frozen Mexican food manufacturer. The City is also home to Best Buy Distribution, Patterson Logistics, Wal-Mart and Ed Dena’s GM Auto Center.

The Best Buy Regional Distribution Center consists of 1,024,000 square feet and services retail stores in California, Nevada and Arizona.

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Major employers in the City (2022 data) are:

1. Ruiz Foods Products, Inc. Frozen Food 772 (employees)

2. Dinuba Public Schools Education 412

3. Family Tree Farms Produce Packing 500

4. Best Buy Stores, Inc. Distribution Center 500

5. Walmart 400

6. Patterson Dental 190

7. City of Dinuba Local Government 135

8. Surabian and Sons Produce/Packing 12
5 L
and use: Major industries in Dinuba are concentrated in warehousing and distribution, food processing and agriculture production. Key economic growth opportunities identified in the General Plan include a combination of large scale and small scale industrial developments. Large scale, heavy industry development could occur in agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, and in some of the food processing and packaging material production industries, subject to industrial pretreatment. Wholesale and distribution centers may also be a large -scale development opportunity. Other growing business sectors represent smaller scale light industrial opportunities. Figure A-2 provides detail on zoning and land use for Dinuba.

D
evelopment trends: Historical population data and future projections have been obtained from the U.S.

Census Bureau, and the California Department of Finance. For analysis purposes, this data is compared to other source data relating to growth and population including the Ci ty’s General Plan population projections. Historical census data indicates that the City of Dinuba had a population of 12,743 in 1990, 16,844 in 2000, and 21,453 in 2010. This equates to an average annual growth rate of approximately 2.64% between 1990 and 2010. Table A-1 provides historic and projected population growth.

Table A-1: Dinuba Historic and Projected Population Growth Year Tulare County Dinuba % of Total County
Population
1990 311,921 12,743 4.1%
2000 368,021 16,844 4.6%
2010 442,179 21,453 4.9%
2020 526,471 27,893 5.3%
2030 626,833 36,266 5.8%
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2040 746,326 47,153 6.3%
Notes: 1) 1990 to 2010 population data based on U.S. Census Data 2) 2020 to 2040 population projection based in 1990 to 2010 average annual growth rates The City plans for future growth through the implementation of policies and standards set forth in its General Plan. The General Plan is a long -term, comprehensive framework to guide physical, social and economic development within the community’s planning area. Dinuba’s General Plan is a long-range guide for attaining the City’s goals within its ultimate service area and accommodating its population growth to the year 2026. The City adopted a 10-year urban development boundary (UDB) as part of its General Plan Update, based upon the capabilities of the City to accommodate new growth. The adoption of tiered UDB’s also promotes orderly development by discouraging “leap frog” development.

De
velopment in hazard prone areas:

Because population growth was less than one percent per year since approval of the 2011 MJLHMP, there has been no development in hazard prone areas that has affected overall vulnerability of the City.

Development that did occur, was primarily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

Th
e new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard impacts the entire County.

Development in the City and globally with increased carbon emissions will result in increasing overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

A.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Hazards: Dinuba faces many of the hazards that are present in the County. T able A-2 below provides a summary of hazards. There are no hazards that are unique to Dinuba. Hazards in the City with unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude and low significance were not included. These include wildfire, earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest and terrorism/cyber terrorist.

Table A-2: Dinuba Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Potential Locations Climate Change Highly likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City Dam Failure Unlikely Limited Limited Low Map B-8 depicts Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking

Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Flood Occasional Limited Limited Medium

Map B-7 depicts
Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly Likely Extensive Critical High Entire City Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Levee Failure Occasional Limited Limited Medium Unknown Tulare County
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Pandemic and Vector
Borne Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms
and High Winds
Highly Likely Significant Limited Medium Entire City
Guidelines for Hazard Rankings
Frequency of Occurrence:

Highly Likely Near 100% probability in next year
Likely Between 10 and 100% probability in next year or at least one chance in ten years Occasional Between 1 and 10% probability in next year or at least one chance in next 100 years Unlikely Less than 1% probability in next 100 years
Sp
atial Extent:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude:

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected
Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
Significance (subjective):
low, medium, high
A.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
The intent of this section is to assess Dinuba’s vulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a w
hole which has already been assessed in Section 5.3 Risk Assessment in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, property, and other assets vulnerable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole, see Section 5 of the base plan.

I
nfrastructure and Values at Risk:

The following data was provided by the City’s Fire Chief. This data should only be used as a guideline to estimate facility values in the City as the information has some limitations. Generally, the land itself is not a loss. Table A-3 shows the 2016 inventory broken down by property type for the City.

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Table A-3: Dinuba 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Alice Park Alice Avenue and W North
Way
$22,155.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Centennial Water
Tower
N/E corner Rd 72/Sierra $2,564,541.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm CNG Fueling Station 1088 Kamm Avenue $903,175.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm Dinuba City Hall 405 E. El Monte Way $1,704,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Fire
Administrative Office
and Fire Department
Water Tower
496 E. Tulare Street $1,234,848.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Library 150 S. I Street Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Old Public
Works Yd.
110 College Avenue $1,114,721.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Parks and
Recreation Center
1390 E. Elizabeth Way $1,146,013.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Police
Department
680 S. Alta Avenue $5,149,236.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Public Works 1088 E. Kamm Avenue $1,731,793.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm Dinuba Senior
Citizen's Center
437 Eaton Avenue 1,863,199.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Veteran's
Mem. Bldg.
249 S. Alta Avenue Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Vocational
Center
199 N. L Street $6,601,580.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Waste Water
Treatment Facility
6675 Avenue 408 $6,637,338.00 Earthquake, Fog
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Table A-3: Dinuba 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Felix Delgado Park Vassar Avenue and S
Green Avenue
$154,132.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Gregory Park S. College Avenue and E
Academy Way
Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe
Winter Storm
K/C Park W Kern Street and S Q
Street
$684,266.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Nebraska Park E Nebraska Avenue and
Marks Drive
$57,324.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Nebraska Water
Tower
Nebraska / Crawford $2,611,605.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station 1218
Golden
1218 Golden Way $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station 245 W
Northway
245 W Northway $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station 680 S.

Alta
S Alta / 680 S Alta Avenue $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station 889 N
Alta
889 N Alta Avenue $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station Alta
Avenue
S Alta / W Kern Street $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station
Alta/Davis Drive
N Alta / E Davis Drive $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station Arno
Street
Arno Street Lindara Tract $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station
Crawford/Davis
N Crawford/Davis Drive $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station E
Crawford
E Crawford/S Mt. View $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
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Table A-3: Dinuba 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Pump Station Kamm
Avenue
N Kamm / S Alta $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station
Kamm/Alta
E Kamm / S Alta Avenue $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station
Lillie/North Way
Lillie/North Way/Peach $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station
Marshall/Wright
Marshall / Wright Avenue $43,217.00 Earthquake, Fog
Pump Station
Merced/N M St
Merced / N M Streets $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station N
Ridge/Newton
Northridge/Newton Drive $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain Pump Station
Olive/Randle
E Olive / Randle Avenue $43,217.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm Pump Station Roberts
Place
Roberts Place $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100_Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station S Alta
Avenue
S Alta / N M Street $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station S Alta
Avenue
S Alta / E Kern Street $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station W El
Monte
W El Monte / Rd 72 $43,217.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Pump Station/Newton Northridge/Newton Drive $43,217.00 Fog, Severe Winter Storm Pump Station/Water
Well Sierra/Rd 72
W Sierra Way/Rd 72 $848,941.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Ridge Creek Golf
Course
3018 W. El Monte Way $7,395,585.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm Tulare County
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Table A-3: Dinuba 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Roosevelt Park S. California Street
between E. Elizabeth Way
an
d E. Park Way
$324,458.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Rose Ann Vuich Park E. El Monte Way and El
Monte Park Streets
$903,077.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station 651
Saginaw
651 Saginaw Avenue $168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station
Crawford
N Crawford/Gerald Avenue $168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station
Davis Drive
Davis Drive E of Newton $168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station E El
Monte
1725 E. El Monte Way $168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station
Edwards Pl
Edwards Pl / N Millard $168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station
Kamm Avenue
Kamm / Alta Avenue $168,020.00 Earthquake, Fog
Sewer Lift Station
Laurel Avenue
Laurel / Crawford Avenue $168,020.00 Earthquake, Fog
Sewer Lift Station
Randle Avenue
Randle Avenue / E El
Monte
$168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Sewer Lift Station S O
Street
Kamm / S O Street $168,020.00 Earthquake, Fog
Sewer Lift Station
Sequoia/Alt
Sequoia Drive N Alta $168,020.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Water Well 500 W
Sierra Way
500 W Sierra Way $805,724.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm Water Well 820 Euclid
Avenue
820 Euclid Avenue $805,724.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
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Table A-3: Dinuba 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Water Well College/S
L Street
College / S. L Street $805,724.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Water Well
Kamm/Greene St
Kamm Avenue/Greene St $805,724.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Water Well
Milsap/Magnolia
Milsap N of Magnolia $805,724.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Water Well
Pamela/Lillie
Pamela W Lillie Avenue $805,724.00 Earthquake, Fog, Severe Winter Storm Water Well W El
Monte/Rd 72
W El Monte /N Road 72 $805,724.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Dinuba Transit Center 180 Merced Street $926,160.00 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
College Park
Recreation Center
920 S College Avenue Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Severe Winter Storm
Cri
tical Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table A-4 as critical facilities:

Table A-4: Dinuba Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Centennial Water Tower N/E corner Rd 72/Sierra $2,564,541.00 Dinuba Police Department 680 S. Alta Avenue $5,149,236.00 Dinuba Public Works 1088 E. Kamm Avenue $1,731,793.00
Dinuba Waste Water Treatment
Facility
6675 Avenue 408 $6,637,338.00
Lift Stations Various $168,020.00 each
Nebraska Water Tower Nebraska / Crawford $2,611,605.00
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22 Pump Stations Various $43,217.00 each
Pump Station/Water Well
Sierra/Rd 72
W Sierra Way/Rd 72 $848,941.00
Water Well 500 W Sierra Way 500 W Sierra Way $805,724.00 Water Well 820 Euclid Avenue 820 Euclid Avenue $805,724.00 Water Well College/S L Street College / S. L Street $805,724.00 Water Well Kamm/Greene St Kamm Avenue/Greene St $805,724.00 Water Well Milsap/Magnolia Milsap N of Magnolia $805,724.00 Water Well Pamela/Lillie Pamela W Lillie Avenue $805,724.00 Water Well W El Monte/Rd 72 W El Monte /N Road 72 $805,724.00 Vul
nerabilities and Potential Losses:

A risk assessment determines the vulnerability of assets within the City by evaluating the inventory of City owned existing property and the population exposed to a hazard. A quantitative vulnerability assessment is limited to the exposure buildings, and infrastructures to the identified hazards. This risk assessment includes only those hazards that are natural.

T
he largest employer is Ruiz Foods which is America's leading frozen Mexican food manufacturer. The City is also home to Best Buy Distribution, Patterson Logistics, Wal-Mart and Ed Dena’s GM Auto Center.

The Best Buy Regional Distribution Center consists of 1,024,000 square feet and services retail stores in California, Nevada and Arizona.

E
conomic Risks
The economy of Dinuba is largely based on agriculture and food production. A variety of crops are cultivated including cotton, nuts, vegetables and fruits, including grapes (table grapes and wine), raisins, plums, peaches and citrus. Raisins are a major product in the Dinuba area, where 40 percent of the world’s raisins are grown and dried, totaling approximately 300,000 tons annually.

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Vulnerability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to include the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses calculated in Table A-5 used the best data currently available to produce an understanding of potential loss. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses.

There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects on the built environment, and from the use of approximations that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Table A-5: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

Warmer weather associated with climate change will result in more heat related illness. Drier weather will place increasing demands on imported and well water, and may lead to long lasting draughts that result in water rationing.

Costs: Climate change costs are difficult to specify. They will occur and accrue over centuries. As temperatures rise, additional costs for climate control such as air conditioning will occur. Less precipitation may result in depletion of stored and ground water reserves with potential for increased water costs and rationing. Much of these costs will be borne by individuals and families. Increased costs will also affect businesses and government owned facilities. Researchers at UC Berkeley (Science, May 2017) concluded that for every 1-degree Fahrenheit increase in global temperatures, the U.S. economy stands to lose about

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

Drought
Impacts: Drought produces a variety of impacts that span many sectors of the economy. Reduced crops productivity; increased fire hazard; reduced water levels; increased livestock and wildlife mortality; and rationing are a few examples of direct impacts. These problems can result in increased prices for food and lumber, unemployment, reduced tax revenues, increased crime, and foreclosures on bank loans to farmers and businesses, and migration. Populations that rely on or are affected by a lack of water or annual rainfall are most directly affected by droughts. The City is dependent on imported water for most of its needs. During prolonged draughts, water rationing is possible resulting in potentially higher water costs and loss of private and public landscaping.

Costs: Potential costs from draught to the City and its communities are difficult to quantify and are dependent upon draught duration and severity. In addition to increased costs for water, prolonged draught may result in reduced property values, loss of tax revenues and migration, all of which will cause economic losses.

Extreme Heat
Impacts: Extreme heat events, present serious health risks to the City’s most vulnerable populations. The effects of extreme heat (over 84°F) on human health are well documented. Increased temperature or extended periods of elevated temperatures can increase heat-related mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, respiratory mortality, and heart attacks, while increasing hospital admissions and emergency room visits. Extreme heat can also affect a person’s ability to thermo-regulate, causing heat stress and sometimes leading to death.

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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-12
409
Costs: Extreme heat results in increased electricity usage and additional health care costs. While additional power costs affect both commercial and residential properties, added health care costs impact individuals and families. Extreme heat may reduce economic activity if prolonged.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the City during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding. The Dinuba Town Ditch has flooded the downtown area of the City in the past.

Costs: There are no accurate costs values associated with past flood events. Future flood incidents will likely result in structural damage and lost economic activity. Flood cost could be in excess of $100,000,000.

Based upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Dinuba:
• C
limate Change
• Drought
• Extreme heat
• Flood
These hazards which may impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities. In addition, these are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure.

Specifically, flooding from the Dinuba Town Ditch represents a hazard to downtown Dinuba. Mitigation strategy #1, Construction of 60” storm drain line to address flooding issues in the downtown area, was developed to mitigate this vulnerability. Other hazards present vulnerabilities but to a lesser extent.

A.4 CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
FEMA REGULATION CHECKLIST: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Capability Assessment
44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3): – The plan must include mitigation strategies based on the jurisdiction's “existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.” Elements
C1. Does the plan document the jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3) C2. Does the Plan address the jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii) Source: FEMA, Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, March 2013.

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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-13
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Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9,
The reason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Dinuba’s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

T
he planning team conducted an assessment of the City’s capabilities that contribute to the reduction of long-term vulnerabilities to hazards. The capabilities include authorities and policies, such as legal and regulatory resources, staff, and fiscal resources. Staff resources include technical personnel such as planners/engineers with knowledge of development and land management practice and an understanding of natural or human- caused hazards. The planning team also considered ways to expand on and improve existing policies and programs with the goal of integrating hazard mitigation into the day- to-day activities and programs of the City. In carrying out the capability assessment, several areas were examined:
• P
lanning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical resources
• Fiscal resources including grants, mutual aid agreements, operating funds and access to funds • Technical and staff resources to assist in implementing/overseeing mitigation activities • Previous and Ongoing Mitigation Activities
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-14
411
T
ables A-6 through A-9 provide a list of the City’s capabilities.

P
lanning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Plan The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety Element.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan to provide more specific guidance for the development of more
s
pecific areas.
• Reviews private development projects and proposed
capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with th e
G
eneral Plan.
• Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.
• Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All 2008 Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-15
412
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
The MJLHMP may be adopted as part of the Safety Element by the City Counsel. As the Safety Element is updated, revised hazard analysis from the MHLHMP will be incorporated. Safety Element actions will be aligned with MJLHMP mitigation
measures.

California
Building Code
Enforcement
The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California including housing, public buildings and maintenance facilities. Improved safety, sustainability, maintaining consistency, new te chnology and construction methods, and reliability are paramount to the development of building codes during each Triennial and Intervening Code Adoption Cycle.

Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe
winter
storm/high
winds
Regulatory
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-16
413
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and
construction management.

T
he MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP.

As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Dinuba section of the MJLHMP.

Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

Dam Failure,
Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Landslides,
Levee failure,
Severe
winter
storm/high
winds
2021 Planning
Municipal
Service
Review (MSR)
MSRs are intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of service provision by each of the special districts and other service providers within the legislative authority of the (LAFCo) of a city. This analysis focuses on service providers within the City of Dinuba and makes determinations in each area of evaluation. The MSR considers and makes recommendations based on the following information:
• Present and planned land uses in the area.

All Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-17
414
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
• Present and probable need for services in the area.
• Present ability of each service provider to provide
necessary services.
• The fiscal, management, and structural health of each s
ervice provider.
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area.

Dinuba
Urban Water
Management
Plan
The Urban Water Management Plan is required by California Water Code §10644(a) and requires urban water suppliers to file with the Department of Water Resources (DWR), the California State Library, and any City or County within which the supplier provides water supplies, a copy of its Urban Water Management Plan. UWMP’s are to be prepared every five years by urban water suppliers with 3,000 or more service connections or supplying 3,000 or more acre-feet of water per year.

T
he purpose of this UWMP is to be a baseline document and source of information for DWR and to serve as:
• A short and long range planning document for water
supply,
• Data source for the development of a regional water supply plan,
• A source document for the City of Dinuba in preparing updated General Plans, and
Climate
change,
Drought
2012 Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-18
415
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
• A key component of an Integrated Regional Water
Management Plan
Transit
Development
Plan (TDP)
A TDP is a blueprint for the delivery of transportation services provided to the general public. The TDP will serve as a guide for improving public transit services within the Dinuba
area over a five-year pl anning horizon. The TDP will provide the community, policy makers, and city staff an opportunity to understand current transit conditions, define the future demand Dam
inundation,
Fire, Floods,
Terrorism,
2014 Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-19
416
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
for service within the area, and establish an operational and capital plan to meet those demands.

City Code
Chapter

13.76 Flood
Damage
Prevention
This purpose is to promote the public health, safety and general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by designated provisions:

T
he MJLHMP contains several specific mitigation measures in support flood control. The City Flood Damage Prevention Code will be reviewed based on MJLHMP hazard description updates and mitigation actions.

Flood 2016 Regulatory
Emergency
Operations
Plan (revised
2003)
Describes what the local jurisdiction’s actions will be during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that describe in more detail the actions required of the local jurisdiction’s departments/agencies. Further, this plan describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and the coordination that occurs between the EOC and the local jurisdiction’s departments and other response agencies. Finally, this plan describes how the EOC serves as the focal point among local, State, and Federal governments in times of disaster.

All 2018 Regulatory
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-20
417
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Describes what the local jurisdiction’s actions will be during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that describe in more detail the actions required of the local jurisdiction’s departments/agencies. Further, this plan describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and the coordination between the EOC and the local/tribal jurisdictions. Lastly, the EOP describes how the EOC serves as the point of coordination between local, tribal, State, and
Federal agencies during a disaster. The MJLHMP provides the basis for the hazards included and described in the EOP.

The MJLHMP will be used as an essential tool to update the City EOP. Cal OES requires that EOPs describe applicable hazards as part of the Plan. The latest MJLHMP hazards descriptions will be included. Mitigation actions that are preparedness and response in nature will be analyzed for applicability to include in the description of EOP processes and procedures.

Other City
Code of
Ordinances
The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum
requirements to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy conservation, and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding,
Regulatory
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-21
418
Table A-6: Dinuba Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
built environment; to regulate and control the demolition of all buildings and structures and for related purposes.

The
MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and
mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Dinuba related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Fire
Department
Master Plan
The purpose of this plan is to guide the City in regards to maintaining levels of service and account for the impact of future growth.

All 2014 Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-22
419
Administrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table A-7: Dinuba Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City Public
Works
Department
Maintains and operates a wide range of local equipment and facilities as well as provides assistance to members of the public.

Services include providing sufficient potable water, reliable waste water services, street maintenance, storm drainage systems, street cleaning, street lights and traffic signals.

All Technical
Procurement
Department
Provides a full range of municipal financial services, administers several licensing measures, and functions as the plan
participant’s Procurement Services Manager.

All Technical
City
Engineering
Services
Department
• Develops and maintains the General Plan including the Safety Element.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more specific guidance for the development of more
s
pecific areas.
• Reviews private development projects and proposed
capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan.
• Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.
• Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All Technical
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-23
420
Table A-7: Dinuba Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City
Development
Services
Department
Provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and
construction management.

All Technical
City Fire
Department
Maintains and updates the Emergency Operations Plan and coordinates local response and relief activities within the Emergency Operation Center. Works closely with County, State, and Federal partners to support planning and training and to provide information and coordinate assistance.

All Technical
F
iscal: These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table A-8: Dinuba Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Dinuba
General Fund
Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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421
Dinuba
General
Obligation
(GO) Bonds
GO Bonds are appropriately used for the construction and/or acquisition of improvements to real property broadly available to residents and visitors. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, libraries, hospitals, parks, public safety facilities, and cultural and educational facilities.

All Financial, Financial Services
Department
Lease
Revenue
Bonds
Lease revenue bonds are used to finance capital projects that (1) have an identified budgetary stream for repayment (e.g., specified fees, tax receipts, etc.); (2) generate project revenue but rely on a broader pledge of general fund revenues to reduce borrowing costs; or (3) finance the acquisition and installation of equipment for the local jurisdiction’s general governmental purposes.

All Financial, Financial Services
Department
E
ducation and Outreach: These capabilities include programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information or communications offices.

Table A-9: Dinuba Education and Outreach Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare
County
Association
of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards. TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and possibilities and All Education and Outreach
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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422
gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

Dinuba
Website
http://www.
dinuba.org/
and other
social media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts.

The updat
ed MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the
planned is reviewed annually and new updates made,
information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-26
423
Table A-12: Dinuba - Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Kern Street Storm Drain: Construct a 60” storm
drain line to address flooding issues in the
downtown area.

Public
Works
Estimated
cost is
$3.3 M
High 2-5
years
2 Fire Station # 2: Construct a second fire station on
the west side of Dinuba to account for increased
population. Estimated cost is $4M.

Fire Estimated
cost is
$4M
High 2-5
years
3 Reinforce bridges and roads from flooding through
protection activities, including installing
/increasing the size of culverts beneath roads in
areas that experience regular flooding.

Public
Works
Unknown High 5 or
more
years
4 Permit development only in areas where the
potential danger to the health and safety of
people and property can be mitigated to an
acceptable level.

Planning Unknown High 5 or
more
years
5 Integrate the Tulare County HMP, in particular the
hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections,
into local planning documents, including general
plans, emergency operations plans, and capital
improvement plans.

All Unknown Medium One
year
6 Seismically retrofit or replace public works and/or
emergency response facilities that are necessary
during and/or immediately after a disaster or
emergency.

Public
Works
Unknown Low 5 or
more
years
7 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof
critical facilities that are located within the 100-
year floodplain.

Develop
ment
Unknown High 5 or
more
years
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex A-27
424
A
nnex B City of Exeter
Exeter was founded in 1888. The City was incorporated in 1911 and became a Charter City in June of 1998. The City provides the following services:
• Public safety (police), (fire and ambulance provided by the County) • Domestic water
• Sanitary sewer treatment and disposal
• Transportation (through the Tulare County Regional Transit Agency) • Parks and recreation
T
he City contracts with a private carrier to provide pickup of solid waste within the City limits.

B.1 Community Profile
Geography and Climate: The City has a total area of 2.46 square miles . The City is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 390 feet above sea level. Exeter’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Exeter are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor portion of the County.

Government: Exeter operates as a council-manager form of municipal government which is comprised of five council members serving four-year overlapping terms.

Population and Demographics: California Department of Finance (DOF) data indicates that as of January 1, 20 22, Exeter had a population of 10,2 57, corresponding to an annual average growth rate of approximately -0.47% between 2021 and 2022. 20 20 DOF data also indicates that the average dwelling unit occupancy rate for the City is 3.06 persons per household, which is lower than the County average of

3.37 persons per household. The population density was 4,169.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Exeter was 6,411 (62.5%) White; 103 (1.0%) African American; 144 (1.4%) Native American; 626 (6.1%) Asian; 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander; 2,388 (23.3%) from other races; and 585 (5.7%) from two or more races.

Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,287 persons (51.5%). The Census reported that 10,185 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 62 people (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 21 people (0.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,175 households, out of which 1,451 (45.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,432 (45.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1067 (33.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 495 (15.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 233 (6.9%) unmarried opposite -sex partnerships, and 12 (0.4%) same -sex married couples or partnerships. 652 households (19.3%) were mad e up of individuals and 313 (9.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3. 24. There were 2, 455 families (77. 3% of all households); the average family size was 3.70.

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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Hous
ing: There were 3,667 housing units at an average density of 1,490.7 per square mile of which 2,329 (63.5%) were owner-occupied, and 1,159 (31.6% were occupied by renters. The housing vacancy rate was

4.9%.

Economy: The economy of Exeter is largely based on agriculture and food production. The 20 21 unemployment rate in Exeter was 1 1.60% with job growth of -5.2%. Future job growth over the next ten years is predicted to be 23.70%. Major employers in Exeter include Waterman Industries, Svenhard’s Swedish Bakery and Peninsula Packaging.

Land use: Exeter is a compact community occupying an area where urban growth has extended in all directions from the original 1888 town site. Exeter’s downtown and its older residential neighborhoods are contained within a triangular area that is formed by the Southern Pacific Railroad on the west, the Visalia Electric Railroad on the north and State Route 65 (Kaweah Avenue) on the east. The City’ s industrial districts, which are dominated by agriculturally -related uses such as packing houses and cold -storage facilities, are located along the Southern Pacific Railroad, the A tchison Tehachapi and Santa Fe Railroad, and Industrial Drive, located immediately south of the original town site. Single -family residential development has occurred in all quadrants of the City with most of this type of development occurring on the west side of town since 1990. Development of multiple family residential dwellin gs has been limited.

These units provide housing opportunities for low - to moderate- income families in the community.

Commercial development is centered in downtown and to a lesser extent, along Visalia Road and Kaweah Avenue (State Route 65). Recent devel opments include fast -food franchises on Visalia Road, an office complex on north Kaweah Avenue, a Best Western Hotel on south Kaweah Avenue, and numerous remodels of retail space in the downtown.

Schools and parks are scattered throughout the community, l ocated in neighborhoods that are experiencing a demand for these types of public facilities. An elementary school was constructed on Sequoia Drive in the northeast quadrant of the City, and the school district purchased a future elementary school site in the southwest quadrant. Figure B-1 provides a detailed land use and zoning map of Exeter.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex B-2
426
Figure
B-1: Land Use and Zoning
D
evelopment trends: The City plans for future growth through the implementation of policies and standards set forth in its General Plan. The Exeter General Plan Update estimates a build-out population of between 13,306 and 16,177, corresponding to an annual average growth rate of between 1.88% and

2.88%, estimated to occur by 2030.

Th
e ten-year annexation line and Annexation Policy 90-01 of the General Plan Land Use Element have placed restrictive controls on residential growth. The objective of these two growth control measures is to promote residential infill development. Since 1995, these growth control measures have encouraged residential infill and a development pattern that is generally contiguous to existing development and concentric to Exeter’s downtown.

D
evelopment in hazard prone areas:

Because population growth was less than two percent per year since approval of the 2011 MJLHMP, there has been no development in hazard prone areas that has affected overall vulnerability of the County.

Development that did occur, was primarily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex B-3
427
U
pd
ated dam inundation maps include a much larger area of the County. While little new development occurred in the expanded inundation zones, vulnerability to dam inundation increased substantially and now includes most of the most populace areas of the County. Updated dam inundation maps for the County and affected cities are included in Appendix B.

T
he new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard impacts the entire City.

Development in the City, the State and global ly with increased carbon emissions will result in increasing overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

B.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Hazards: E xeter faces many of the hazards that are present in the County. Table B -1 below provides a summary of hazards. There are no hazards that are unique to Exeter. Hazards in the City with unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude and low significance were not included. These include wildfire, earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest and terrorism/cyber terrorism.

Table B-2: Exeter Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Potential Locations Climate Change Highly likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City Dam Failure Unlikely Extensive Catastrophic Low Map B-9 depicts Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking

Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Flood Occasional Limited Limited Medium

Unknown
Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly Likely Extensive Critical High Entire City Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Levee Failure Occasional Limited Limited Medium Unknown Pandemic and Vector
Borne Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms
and High Winds
Highly Likely Significant Limited Medium Entire City
G
uidelines for Hazard Rankings
Frequency of Occurrence:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude:

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected
Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex B-4
428
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
S
ignificance (subjective):

Low, medium, high
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex B-5
429
B.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
The intent of this section is to assess Exeter’s vulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a w
hole, which has already been assessed in Section 5.3 Risk Assessment in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, property, a nd other assets vulnerable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole, see Section 5 of the base plan.

I
nfrastructure and Values at Risk:

The following data was provided by the City’s Administrator. This data should only be used as a guideline to estimate facility values in the City as the information has some limitations. Generally, the land itself is not a loss. Table B-3 shows the 2016 inventory for the City.

Table B-3: Exeter 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Exeter City Hall 137 North F Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Exeter Administration
& Police Department
100 N. C Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Corporation Yard
Public Works Offices
350 W. Firebaugh Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Utility Building 314 W. Firebaugh Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Residential Rental
Property
310 W. Firebaugh Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
1906 W. Myer Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Senior
Center/Carnegie
Building
E Street/Chestnut Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Courthouse Gallery 125 S. B Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Mural Gallery 119 S. E Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog City Park Chestnut & E Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Dobson Field Rocky Hill Drive and 2nd
Street
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Joyner Park Pine & C Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Rose Garden Park Palm & A Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Planter Park Maple & B Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Schelling Park Pine & Filbert Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Mixture Park Pine & E Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Schroth Park Vine & Belmont Road Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Unger Park Belmont Road & Glaze
Avenue
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Brickhouse Park Palm & Filbert Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Water Tower Park Pine Street and B Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Exeter Bark Park F Street / Palm Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Public Golf Course
(Privately owned)
510 W. Visalia Road Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Tulare County
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Exeter Airport
(Not a municipal
facility)
Belmont Road, south of
Avenue 256
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Pump Station 350 W. Firebaugh Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Pump Station Belmont Road and Glaze
Avenue
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Pump Station Vine Street and Belmont
Road
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Pump Station Orange Avenue and
Firebaugh
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Filbert Lift Station Filbert Road and King
Street
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Industrial Lift Station Firebaugh and Industrial
Drive
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Lenox Lift Station Lenox Avenue and Bryant
Court
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
A & W Lift Station Kaweah Avenue and
Sequoia Drive
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Rocky Hill Lift Station Sequoia Drive between D
Street and B Street
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Visalia Road Lift
Station
Visalia Road and Belmont
Road
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Quince Lift Station Alley between Willow
Street, Vine Street, Orange
Avenue and Quince
Avenue
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Kaweah Trailer Park
Lift Station
(Privately maintained)
Kaweah Avenue south of
Firebaugh
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Rancho Lift Station
(Privately maintained)
On Albert Avenue, north of
Visalia Road
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Self Help Lift Station
(Privately maintained)
Belmont Road, south of
Visalia Road
Water Retention Pond
– “Brickyard”
Belmont Road north of
SJVRR tracks
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Exeter Water Tower Pine Street and B Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Water Retention Pond
– “Park Place”
Belmont Road, North of
SJVRR tracks
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Water Retention Pond
–
“City Yard”
Rear of Corporation Yard –
350 West Firebaugh
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Well E-5W (not in
service)
East Willow Street, east of
South D Street
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Well E6-W Palm Avenue and G Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog Well E9-W Behind 655 W. Visalia
Road
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Well E-10W (not in
service)
Industrial Drive, south of
Firebaugh
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Well E-11W Belmont Road, south of
Visalia Road
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
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Well E-12W Kaweah Avenue, south of
Atkinson Way
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Well E-13W Belmont Road and Glaze
Avenue
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Well E-14W South Filbert Road, north
of Atwood Avenue
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Cri
tical Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table B-4 as critical facilities:

Table B-4: Exeter Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
A & W Lift Station Kaweah Avenue and Sequoia Drive
Exeter City Hall Exeter City Hall
137 North F Street 137 North F Street
Exeter Administration & Police
Department
Exeter Administration & Police
Department
100 N. C Street 100 N. C Street
Filbert Lift Station Filbert Lift Station
Filbert Road and King Street Filbert Road and King Street Industrial Lift Station Industrial Lift Station
Waste Water Treatment Facility 1906 W. Myer
Vul
nerabilities and Potential Losses:

A risk assessment determines the vulnerability of assets within the City by evaluating the inventory of City owned existing property and the population exposed to a hazard. A quantitative vulnerability assessment is limited to the exposure buildings, and i nfrastructures to the identified hazards. This risk assessment includes only those hazards that are natural.

T
he largest industries are food and agriculture, retail sales and health care. Major employers in Exeter include Waterman Industries, Svenhard’s Swedish Bakery and Peninsula Packaging.

E
conomic Risks
The economy of Exeter is largely based on agriculture and food production. A variety of crops are cultivated with a large concentration in citrus.

Vul
nerability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to include the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses Tulare County
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calcu
lated in Table B-5 used the best dat a currently available to produce an understanding of potential loss. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects on the built environment, and from the use of approximations that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Table B-5: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

Costs: Extreme heat results in increased electricity usage and additional health care costs. While additional power costs affect both commercial and residential properties, added health care costs impact individuals and families. Extreme heat may reduce economic activity if prolonged.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the City during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding.

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Costs: There are no accurate costs values associated with past flood events. Future flood incidents will likely result in structural damage and lost economic activity. Flood cost could be in excess of $100,000,000.

Flooding from the Penny Baker Ditch or other unnamed canals pose a potential flood vulnerability.

B
ased upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Exeter:
• C
limate Change
• Drought
• Extreme heat
• Flood
These hazards which impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities.

In addition, there are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure. Specifically, flooding from the
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B.4 CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
T
he reason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Exeter’s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

FEMA REGULATION CHECKLIST: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Capability Assessment
44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3): – The plan must include mitigation strategies based on the jurisdiction's “existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.” Elements
C1. Does the plan document the jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3) C2. Does the Plan address the jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii) Source: FEMA, Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, March 2013.

Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9, Plan Maintenance.

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Pla
nning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table B-6 Exeter Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
General Plan The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety E
lement.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more s
pecific guidance for the development of more specific areas. • Reviews private development projects and proposed capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan. • Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.

Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

The MJLHMP may be adopted as part of the Safety Element by the City Counsel. As the Safety Element is updated, revised hazard analysis from the MHLHMP will be incorporated. Safety Element actions will be aligned with MJLHMP mitigation measures.

Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Regulatory
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Table B-6 Exeter Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
California’s building codes are published in their entirety every three (3) years. Amendments to California’s building standards are subject to a lengthy and transparent public participation process throughout each code adoption cycle. The California Seismic Safety Commission provides access to an array of regulatory and advisory information at:
http://www.seismic.ca.gov/cog.html

Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and construction management.

The MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP. As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Exeter section of the MJLHMP. Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

All Planning
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March 2023
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Table B-6 Exeter Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
• The fiscal, management, and structural health of each service provider.
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area.

City Code of
Ordinances
The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy conservation, and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment; to regulate and control the demolition of all buildings and structures, and for related purposes.

The MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Dinuba related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding,
Regulatory
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Admi
nistrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table B-7: Exeter Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City Public
Works
Department
Maintains and operates a wide range of local equipment and facilities as well as provides assistance to members of the public.

Services include providing sufficient potable water, reliable waste water services, street maintenance, storm drainage systems, street cleaning, street lights and traffic signals.

All Technical
F
iscal: These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table B-8: Exeter Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Fund Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
E
ducation and Outreach: These capabilities include programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information or communications offices.

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Table B-9: Exeter Education and Outreach Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare
County
Association
of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards. TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and possibilities and gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

All Education and Outreach
Exeter
Website
https://cityof
exeter.com/
and other
social media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts.

The updated MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the planned is reviewed annually and new updates made,
information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
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B.5 MITIGATION STRATEGY
Table B- 10 lists the City specific mitigation actions from the 2011 Plan and provides their status.

Table B-10: Exeter-Specific Mitigation Actions
No. Selected
(Y/N) Description Prioritization
Criteria
Facility to be
Mitigated (if
known)
Department
or Agency
Status
2 Y Integrate the Tulare
County HMP, in
particular the hazard
analysis and mitigation
strategy sections, into
local planning
documents, including
general plans, emergency
operations plans, and
capital improvement
plans.

A, B, C, D, E Not Applicable City Planning
Dept.

Ongoing –
Mitigation Action 5
in 2017 MJLHMP
3 Y Seismically retrofit or
replace public works
and/or emergency
response facilities that
are necessary during
and/or immediately after
a disaster or emergency.

A, B, C Unknown City Public
Works Dept.

Ongoing –
Mitigation Action 6
in 2017 MJLHMP
7 Y Acquire, relocate, or
elevate residential
structures, in particular
those that have been
identified as RL
properties that are
located within the 500-
year floodplain.

A, B, C, D 2 RL properties
are located in
the City of
Exeter
City Public
Works
Department
Not completed -
Mitigation Action 8
in 2017 MJLHMP
8 Y Acquire, relocate,
elevate, and/or
floodproof critical
facilities that are located
within the 100-year
floodplain.

A, B, C, D Unknown
City of
Planning Dept.

Ongoing –
Mitigations Action
7 in 2017 MJLHMP
Prioritization Criteria
• A local jurisdiction department or agency champion currently exists or can be identified • The action can be implemented during the 5-year lifespan of the HMP • The action may reduce expected future damages and losses (cost-benefit) • The action mitigates a high-risk hazard
• The action mitigates multiple hazards
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All o
f the City’s mitigation strategies from the 2011 HMP are still relevant to this update. Table B-11 contains an updated set of potential mitigation strategies for new Plan. Theses mitigation strategies were derived from numerous sources including the General Plan, City Code, Capital Improvement Plan and input from the public and stakeholders.

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Table B-11: Exeter- Potential Mitigation Strategies
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 Create a GIS -based pre -application review for new construction and major remodels of residential and/or non-residential structures in hazard areas, such high and/or very high wildfire areas.

All Mit.
2 Integrate the Tulare County MJLHMP, in particular the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into local planning documents, including general plans, emergency operations plans, and capital improvement plans.

All Mit.
3 Permit development only in areas where the potential danger to the health and safety of people and property can be mitigated to an acceptable level.

All Mit.
4 Designate areas with a potential for significant hazardous conditions for open space, agriculture, and other appropriate low intensity uses. All Mit. 5 Except as otherwise allowed by State law, ensure that all new buildings intended for human habitation are designed in compliance with the latest edition of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, and other adopted standards based on risk (e.g., seismic hazards, flooding), type of occupancy, and location (e.g., floodplain, fault).

All Mit.
6 Ensure that development in very high or high fire hazard areas is designed and constructed in a manner that minimizes the risk from fire hazards and meets all applicable State and County fire standards.

FR Mit.
7 Identify and map existing housing structures that do not conform to contemporary fire standards in terms of building materials, perimeter access, and vegetative hazards in very high fire hazard severity zones or State responsibility area by fire hazard zon e designation. Identify plans and actions to improve substandard housing structures and neighborhoods.

FR Mit.
8 Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential structures, in particular those that have been identified as Repetitive Loss (RL) properties that a re located within the 100-year floodplain.

FL Mit.
9 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof critical facilities that are located within the 100-year floodplain. FL Mit.

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10 Reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road a nd installing culverts beneath the road or building a higher bridge across the area that experiences regular flooding.

FL Mit.
11 Work with FEMA Region IX to address any floodplain management issues that may have arisen/arise from the countywide DFIRM, C ommunity Assessment Visits, and/or the DWR.

FL Mit.
12 Increase participation in the NFIP by entering the Community Rating System program through which enhanced floodplain management activities would allow property owners to receive a discount on their flood insurance.

FL Mit.
13 Continue to create, revise, and maintain emergency plans for the broad range of natural and human -made disasters and response activities that could foreseeably impact the County. This shall include, but not be limited to, flooding, dam failure, extreme weather, evacuation/transportation, mass care and shelter, and animal evacuation and sheltering.

All Prep.
14 Continue to promote awareness and education among residents regarding possible natural hazards, including soil conditions, earthquakes, flooding, fire hazards, and emergency procedures.

EQ, FL, FR Mit.
15 Develop a public outreach program that informs property owners located in the dam or levee inundation areas about voluntary flood insurance. FL, DF, LF Mit. 16 Promote public safety programs, including neighborhood watch programs, child identification and fingerprinting, public awareness and prevention of fire hazards, and other public education efforts.

CT Mit.
17 Coordinate emergency response with local, State, and Federal governmental agencies, community organizations, volunteer agencies, and other response partners during emergencies or d isasters using the California Standard Emergency Management System and the National Incident Management System.

All Resp.
18 Participate in established local, State, and Federal mutual aid systems.

Where necessary and appropriate, the County shall enter into agreements to ensure the effective provision of emergency services, such as mass care, heavy rescue, hazardous materials, or other specialized function.

All Resp.
19 Continue to work with weather forecasting and public safety agencies to provide warning and protective information to residents, travelers, and visitors about severe valley fog and extreme heat conditions.

FG, EH Resp.
20 Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to track fire and law enforcement response times and provide technical assistance to fire and law enforcement agencies.

FR, TR Mit.

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21 Require, where feasible, road networks (public and private) to provide for safe and ready access for emergency equipment and provide alternate routes for evacuation
All Mit.
22 Develop a five-acre detention basin to catch all storm water running from south of town. Once storm water is collected , it is pumped into an irrigation ditch owned by Consolidated Peoples Ditch
FL Mit.
23 Develop alternative resources for acquisition of fuel during prolonged power outages EN Prep.
24 Continue aggressive clearing of storm drain problem areas for mitigation/prevention of localized flooding. FL Mit.

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A list
of mitigation actions was selected from the mitigation strategies. Table B-12 provides the mitigation 2017 MJLHMP actions for the City. New priorities for mitigation actions are listed in the table.

Table B-12: Exeter - Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Develop a five-acre detention basin to catch all
storm water running from south of town. Once
storm water is collected, it is pumped into an
irrigation ditch owned by Consolidated Peoples
Ditch
Public
Works
Unknown High 5 or
more
years
2 Develop alternative resources for acquisition of
fuel during prolonged power outages
Public
Works
Unknown High 2-5
years
3 Continue aggressive clearing of storm drain
problem areas for mitigation/prevention of
localized flooding.

Public
Works
Unknown High 5 or
more
years
4 Permit development only in areas where the
potential danger to the health and safety of
people and property can be mitigated to an
acceptable level.

All Unknown Medium 5 or
more
years
6 Seismically retrofit or replace public works and/or
emergency response facilities that are necessary
during and/or immediately after a disaster or
emergency.

Public
Works
Unknown Low 5 or
more
years
7 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof
critical facilities that are located within the 100-
year floodplain.

Develop
ment
Unknown High 5 or
more
years
8 Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential structures, in particular those that have been identified as RL
properties that are located within the 500-year
Develop
ment
Unknown High 2-5
years
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floodplain. 2 RL properties are located in the City
of Exeter
Incorporation into other plans : FEMA requires the HMP be consistent with and incorporated into other planning documents and processes In Exeter, these other planning documents include the General Plan Update, Exeter Downtown Specific Plan, Exeter Redevelopment Plan, the zoning ordinance and various infrastructure master plans. The term “consistency” in planning terms means that the general plan and the other plans have similar community goals and policies, that they advocate similar land use patterns, and they are consistent in their guidance of direction and rate of growth.

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Annex C C
ity of Farmersville
The City was incorporated in 1960. The City of Farmersville provides the following services:
• Public safety (police and fire protection,
• Highways and streets
• Wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal
• Domestic water
• Storm drainage
The C
ity contracts for solid waste collection and disposal.

C.1 Community Profile
Geography and Climate: The City has a total area of 2.36 square miles . The City is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 358 feet above sea level. Farmersville’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Farmersville are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor portion of the County.

Government: The City was incorporated in 1960. Farmersville operates as a council- manager form of municipal government which is comprised of five council members serving four- year overlapping terms.

One of the council members also serves as mayor.

Population and Dem ographics: The 20 20 U.S. Census reported that Farmersville had a population of 10,397 down from 10,588 at the 2010 census. The population density was 4,688.2 people per square mile.

The racial makeup of Farmersville was 55.0% White; 0.8% African American; 1.0% Native American; 70.1% Asian; 0.0% Pacific Islander; and 14.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 88.7%.

The Census reported that 10,382 people (100% of the population) lived in households, no one (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one (0%) was institutionalized.

In 2020, there were 2,862 households, out of which 1,639 (63.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,474 (56.8%) were opposite -sex married couples living together, 515 (19.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 274 (10.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 257 (9.9%) unmarried opposite -sex partnerships, and 10 (0.4%) same -sex married couples or partnerships. 258 households (9.9%) were made up of individuals and 110 (4.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.79. There were 2,263 families (87.2% of all households); the average family size was 4.28.

Housing: As of 2020, there were 2,862 housing units at an average density of 1,207.0 per square mile, of which 1,590 (61.3%) were owner-occupied, and 1,005 (38.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.2%. 6,537 people (61.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,051 people (38.3%) lived in rental housing units.

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Annex C - City of Farmersville
Economy: Farmersville serves mostly as a commuter town. Local commerce is composed of mostly small, family-owned businesses. The City also hosts a number o f major chain stores and restaurants, including Family Dollar stores, Dollar General, Jack in the Box, Starbucks, and McDonalds as well as AutoZone, and O'Reilly's auto parts stores. Major industrial manufacturers with operations in Farmersville include Cemex, Dunns Sand, and National Raisin Company which operates a fruit dehydrator in the city. La Mejor del Valle tortilla factory, a manufacturer of Mexican food products, is headquartered in Farmersville. Farmersville also has three cannabis retail outlets located in its highway commercial corridor.

Land us
e: Farmersville’s urban area is generally centered along Farmersville Boulevard, the City’s major north/south roadway. The City’s downtown commercial area is situated along Farmersville Boulevard generally between Visalia Road and Front Street. Additional commercial areas are located on Visalia Road, east and west of Farmersville Boulevard and on Farmersville Boulevard, north of Front Street and south of Visalia Road.

Residential neighborhoods are located throughout the City, with the oldest neighborhoods located around the intersection of Farmersville Boulevard and Visalia Road. Newer residential development is occurring in the northwest portion of the City north and south of Walnut Avenue. The City has ex perienced a very limited amount of industrial development; current uses include a nut/fruit drying plant, and a cement mixing plant. The City’s only industrial park is located along Terry Avenue, west of Farmersville Boulevard.

Major facilities owned by the City of Farmersville include six neighborhood parks, The Farmersville Sports Park, the Farmersville Civic Center, a public works yard, one City owned building that is operated as a child care facility, a community center and the City’s wastewater treatment plant located southwest of the City.

Figure C-1 provides a detailed land use and zoning map of Farmersville.

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Figure C-1: Land Use and Zoning
Devel
opment trends: The City plans for future growth through the implementation of policies and standards set forth in its General Plan. The Farmersville General Plan Update (Collins & Schoettler Planning Tulare County
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Annex C - City of Farmersville
Consultants, September 2002) estimates a build-out population between 17,854 and 20,155, estimated to occur by year 2025. The plan’s “low” population proje ction is based on Farmersville’s average annual growth rate from 1980 to 2000 (2.9%), while its “high” population projection is based on the average annual growth rate from 1990 to 2000 (3.4%). The General Plan Update provides a land needs evaluation for a projected year 2025 build-out population of 17,854.

Development in hazard prone areas:

Because population growth was less than two percent per year since approval of the 2011 MJLHMP, there has b een n o d evelopment in h azard p rone are
as that h as a ffected ove rall vulnerability of t he County.

Development that did occur, was primarily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

Updated dam inundation maps include a much larger area of the County. While little new development occurred in the expanded inundation zones, vulnerability to dam inundation increased substantially and now includes most of the most populace areas of the County. Updated dam inundation maps for the County and affected cities are included in Appendix B.

The new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard impacts the entire City.

Development in the City, the State and globally with increased carbo n emissions will result in increasing
overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

C.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND A NALYSIS
Hazards: Farmersville faces many of the hazards that are present in the County. Table C-1 below provides a summary of hazards. There are no hazards that are unique to Farmersville . Hazards in the City with unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude and low significance were not included. These include wildfire, earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest and terrorism/cyber terrorism. The entire City is within the potential inundation zone for Terminus Dam.

Table C-1: Farmersville Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Potential Locations Climate Change Highly likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City Dam Failure Unlikely Extensive Catastrophic Low Map B-11 depicts Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking

Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Flood Occasional Limited Limited Medium

Map B-10 depicts
Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly Likely Extensive Critical High Entire City Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Levee Failure Occasional Limited Limited Medium Unknown Pandemic and Vector
Borne Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms
and High Winds
Highly Likely Significant Limited Medium Entire City
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Guid
elines for Hazard Rankings
Frequency of Occurrence:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude: Significance (subjective):

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected low, medium, high Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
C.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
The intent of this section is to assess Farmersville’s vulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a whole, which has already been assessed in Section 5.3 Risk Assessment in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, prope rty, and other assets vulnerable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole, see Section 5 of the base plan.

Infrastructure and Values at Risk:

The following data was p rovided by the City’s Fire Chief. This data should o nly be used as a guideline t o overall values in the City as the information has some li mitations. General ly, the land itself is not a
loss. Table C-2 shows the 2023 inventory for the City.

Table C-2: Farmersville 2023 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Armstrong Park E. Ash Street and N. Avery
Avenue
$66,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
Child Care Facility 455 N. Linnel Avenue $1,176,200 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Church/Museum Front and Farmersville
Boulevard
$126,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
City Bridge #1 0.2 Mi E. Of Rd 164 $500,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Flood Dam, Fog
City Bridge #2 Between Larry Street and
Costner Street
$1,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Flood Dam,
Fog
City Bridge #3 0.15 Mi south of Avenue
280
$750,000 Earthquake, Fog, Dam Flood
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Table C-2: Farmersville 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
City Bridge #4 N. Dwight Street and Oak
View Avenue
$1,000,000 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
City Hall 909 W. Visalia Road $4,938,700 Earthquake, Fog, Dam Flood City Well 873 S. Farmersville
Boulevard
$138,060 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
City Well E. Ash and Hester $130,260 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Well Front and Camelia $130,260 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog City Well Matthew and Walnut $775,580 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog City Well N. Farmersville Boulevard
at Veterans Park
$178,160 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood,
Fog
City Well N. Farmersville Boulevard
south of Noble
$136,660 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood,
Fog
City Well W. Ash and Matthew $152,960 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Corporate Yard 873 S. Farmersville
Boulevard
$673,400 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
Farmersville
Community Center
623 N. Avery $3,402,800 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Future PD/Fire Parcel Front west of Farmersville
Boulevard
$450,000 Earthquake, 100-year floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
Jennings Park N. Linnell Avenue and W.

Ash Street
Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
Liberty Park W. Teddy Street $168,797 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Old City Hall 145 E. Front $721,821 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Old Fire Station 829 N. Magnolia $203,800 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Old Police Department 147 E. Front $251,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Riverbank Park Oakland and Farmersville
Boulevard
$5,519 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
Roys Park S. Farmersville Boulevard
and 0.3 Mi south of E.

Oakland Street
$98,800 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
Sewer Lift Station Oakview and Ash $332,800 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Petunia and Ventura $234,900 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Sewer Lift Station Sandy and Yew $276,800 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
Sewer Plant dirt extension of Virginia
South of Qualls
$799,250 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood,
Fog
Veterans Park Farmersville Boulevard
and Citrus
$505,766 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam
Flood
911 Building 175 Front St $8,200 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog, Dam Flood
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Critic
al Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table C-3 as critical facilities:

Table C-3: Farmersville Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
City Bridge #1 0.2 Mi E. Of Rd 164 Unknown
City Bridge #2 Between Larry Street and Costner
Street
Unknown
City Bridge #3 0.15 Mi south of Avenue 280 Unknown
City Bridge #4 N. Dwight Street and Oak View
Avenue
Unknown
City Hall 909 W. Visalia Road $4,938,700
City Well 873 S. Farmersville Boulevard $138,060
City Well E. Ash and Hester $130,260
City Well Front and Camelia $130,260
City Well Matthew and Walnut $775,580
City Well N. Farmersville Boulevard at
Veterans Park
$178,160
City Well N. Farmersville Boulevard south of
Noble
$136,660
City Well W. Ash and Matthew $152,960
Corporate Yard 873 S. Farmersville Boulevard $673,400
Farmersville Community Center 623 N. Avery $3,402,800
Sewer Lift Station Oakview and Ash $332,800
Sewer Lift Station Petunia and Ventura $234,900
Sewer Lift Station Sandy and Yew $276,800
Sewer Plant dirt extension of Virginia South of
Qualls
$799,250
Vulnera
bilities and Potential Losses:

A risk assessment determines the vulnerability of assets within the City by evaluating the inventory of City owned existing property and the population exposed to a hazard. A quantitative vulnerability assessment is limited to the exposure buildings, and i nfrastructures to the identified hazards. This risk assessment includes only those hazards that are natural.

Populations and Businesses at Risk
Residential population data for the City was obtained from the State of California Department of Finance E- 1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 2020. The population is estimated
to be 10,397 in an area of 2.36 square miles. The estimate is 2, 862 residential units with a 20 20 median value of $1 73,800. The most common employment sectors for those who live in Farmersville are agriculture, retail trade, and manufacturing.

Major in
dustrial manufacturers with operations in Farmersville include Cemex, Dunns Sand, and National Raisin Company which operates a fruit dehydrator in the city. La Mejor del Valle tortilla factory, a manufacturer of Mexican food products, is headquartered in Farmersville. The city also hosts a number of Tulare County
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Annex C - City of Farmersville
major chain stores and restaurants, including McDonald's, Jack-In-The-Box, Subway Sandwich Shop, Taco Bell, and Family Dollar stores as well as AutoZone, and O'Reilly's auto parts stores.

Economic Risks
The economy of Farmersville is largely based on agriculture and food production. The City serves mo stly as a commuter town with many residents having to travel to larg er population centers to seek employment.

Local commerce is composed of mostly small, family-owned businesses.

Vulnerability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to in clude the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses calculated in Table C-4 used t he best data currently available to p roduce an understanding of p otential loss. These estimates may be used to understand rela tive risk from hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects o n the b uilt environment, and from t he u se of approximations that are n ecessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Table C-4: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

Dam Inundation
Impacts: Dam inundation is a particularly extensive hazard to the City. Both Terminus and Success Dams may inundate Farmersville resulting in an overall potential inundation area of the entire City.

Costs: A rapid failure of Success or Terminus Dam would result in catastrophic loss of life and injury, and property loss. Map B-6 depicts the potential footprint for dam inundation. Specifics of the inundation curves are contained in the Dam Emergency Action Plans which are a limited distribution documents. The potential injury and death from a short notice dam failure could be in the 1,000s. Total losses within the Visalia jurisdiction could exceed $100,000,000.

Drought
Impacts: Drought produces a variety of impacts that span many sectors of the economy. Reduced crops productivity; increased fire hazard; reduced water levels; increased livestock and wildlife mortality; and rationing are a few examples of direct impacts. These problems can result in increased prices for food and lumber, unemployment, reduced tax revenu
es, increased crime, and foreclosures on bank loans to
farmers and businesses, and migration. Populations that rely on or are affected by a lack of water or annual rainfall are most directly affected by droughts. The City is dependent on imported water for most of its Tulare County
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needs. During prolonged draughts, water rationing is possible resulting in potentially higher water costs and loss of private and public landscaping.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the City during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding.

Base
d upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Farmersville:
• Climate
Change
• Dam Inundation
• Drought
• Extreme heat
• Flood
These hazards which may impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities. In addition, these are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure. Specifically, flooding from a failure of Terminus Dam would result in catastrophic damage to the entire city and surrounding agriculture lands. Additional flooding hazards, particularly from Deep Creek, represent critical vulnerabilities. Over 40% of the population resides within the 100 -year flood zone and nearly 6 0% reside within the 500 -year flood zone. Other hazards present vulnerabilities but to a lesser extent. Mitigation action 1 in Table C-11 was developed to address this issue.

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C.4 CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
The r
eason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Farmersville’ s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9, Plan Maintenance.

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Annex C - City of Farmersville
Planning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table C-5 Farmersville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
General Plan The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety Element.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more specific guidance for the development of more specific areas. • Reviews private development projects and proposed capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan. • Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.

Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

The MJLHMP may be adopted as part of the Safety Element by the City Council. As the Safety Element is updated, revised hazard analysis from the MHLHMP will be incorporated. Safety Element actions will be aligned with MJLHMP mitigation measures.

All Update in Process Planning
California
Building Code
Enforcement
The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California including housing, public buildings and maintenance facilities. Improved safety, sustainability, maintaining consistency, new te chnology and construction methods, and Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Regulatory
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Table C-5 Farmersville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
reliability are paramount to the development of building codes during each Triennial and Intervening Code Adoption Cycle.

Cali
fornia’s building codes are published in their entirety every three (3) years. Amendments to California’s building standards are subject to a lengthy and transparent public participation process throughout each code adoption cycle. The California Seismic Safety Commission provides access to an array of regulatory and advisory information at:
http://www.seismic.ca.gov/cog.html
Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and construction management.

The MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP. As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Farmersville section of the MJLHMP. Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

Dam Failure,
Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Landslides,
Levee failure,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Planning
Tulare County
Municipal
Service Review
(MSR)
MSRs are intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of service provision by each of the special districts and other service providers within the legislative authority of the (LAFCo) of a city. This analysis focuses on service providers within the City of Farmersville and makes determinations in each area of evaluation. The MSR considers and makes recommendations based on the following information:
• Present and planned land uses in the area.
• Present and probable need for services in the area.
• Present ability of each service provider to provide necessary services.

All Planning
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Table C-5 Farmersville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
• The fiscal, management, and structural health of each service provider.
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area.

The MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Farmersville related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding,
Regulatory
1989 Storm
Drain Master
Plan
Identifies remedial work necessary to bring the system up to current design standards, and additional systems to accommodate future development. The Community Infrastructure Study identifies the more serious problem areas, and suggests solutions. With regard to storm drainage improvements, the Community Infrastructure Study identifies one “urgent priority” improvement, one “high priority” improvement, and several medium and low priority projects.

As the Storm Drain Master Plan is update, flooding mitigation measures in the MJLHMP Farmersville Annex will be considered for inclusion as improvement projects. These include Farmersville mitigation action 1.

Flooding Planning
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Table C-5 Farmersville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
1993 Water
System Master
Plan
Evaluated the adequacy and reliability of the City water supply system by determining if the system had reliable standby capacity and adequate flow capacity.

Drought Planning
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Administrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table C-6: Farmersville Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City Public
Works
Department
Maintains and operates a wide range of local equipment and facilities as well as provides assistance to members of the public.

Services include providing sufficient potable water, reliable waste water services, street maintenance, storm drainage systems, street cleaning, street lights and traffic signals.

All Technical
City Fire
Department
The City of Farmersville currently has four full time firefighters that operates the single fire station in the City. The remaining fire rescue crew consists of 18 volunteers.

All Technical
Fiscal:

These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table C-7: Farmersville Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Fund Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
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Education and Outreach: These capabilities include programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information or communications offices.

Table C-8: Farmersville Education and Outreach Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare
County
Association
of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards. TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and possibilities and gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

All Education and Outreach
Farmersville
Website http:
www.cityoffa
rmersville-
ca.gov and
other social
media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts.

The updated MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the planned is reviwed annually and new updates made, information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
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Table C-11: Farmersville - Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Build upon previously funded restoration projects
such as Deep Creek to further restore Deep Creek
and other waterways by conducting vegetation
management and channel maintenance to
reduce the potential for flooding.

Public
Works
Unknown High

COMPLET
ED 2022
2 Integrate the Tulare County HMP, in particular the
hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections,
into local planning documents, including general
plans, emergency operations plans, and capital
improvement plans.

All Unknown Medium General
Plan
Update
beginning
this fiscal
year
22/23
3 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof
critical facilities that are located within the 100-
year floodplain.

Develop
ment
Unknown High 5 or more
years
4 Work with FEMA Region IX to address any
floodplain management issues that may have
arisen/arise from the countywide DFIRM,
Community Assessment Visits, and/or DWR.

Develop
ment
Unknown High 2-5 years
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Annex
D City of Lindsay
The City of Lindsay was founded in 1889 and incorporated in 1910. The City provides the following services:
• Public safety (police and fire protection, ambulance) • Highways and streets
• Wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal
• D
omestic water
• Storm drainage
T
he City contracts for solid waste collection and disposal.

F
igure D-1 provides a map of Lindsay.

F
igure D-1: Lindsay Map
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D.1
Community Profile
Geography and Climate: The city has a total area of 2.6 square miles. The City is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 3 87 feet above sea level. Lindsay ’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Lindsay are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor portion of the County.

Government: Lindsay operates as a council- manager form of municipal government which is comprised of five council members serving four-year overlapping terms. The mayor is elected separately.

Population and Demographics: The 2010 U.S. Census reported that Lindsay had a population of 11,768.

The population density was 4,509.4 people per squa re mile (1,741.1/km²). The racial makeup of Lindsay was 6,480 (55.1%) White ; 85 (0.7%) African American ; 128 (1.1%) Native American ; 267 (2.3%) Asian ; 4 (0.0%) Pacific Islander; 4,367 (37.1%) from other races; and 437 (3.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10,056 persons (85.5%). The Census reported that 11,672 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, no one (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 96 people (0.8%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,014 households, out of which 1,890 (62.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,719 (57.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 578 (19.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 233 (7.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 242 (8.0%) unmarried opposite -sex partnerships, and 19 (0.6%) same -sex married couples or partnerships. 401 households (13.3%) were made up of individuals and 210 (7.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.87. There were 2,530 families (83.9% of all households); the average family size was 4.21
Housing: There were 3,193 housing units at an average density of 1,223.5 per square mile, of which 1,526 (50.6%) were owner-occupied, and 1,488 (49.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.2%. 5,909 people (50.2% of the population) lived in owner - occupied housing units and 5,763 people (49.0%) lived in rental housing units.

Economy: Lindsay serves primarily as a bedroom town . Local commerce is composed of mostly small, family-owned businesses. The economy of Lindsay is largely based on agriculture and food production.

Land use: Lindsay is located along State Highway 65 approximately midway between the community of Strathmore and the City of Exeter (approximately 5 miles north of Strathmore and 7 miles south of Exeter).

M
ajor transportation routes serving Lindsay include State Highway 65, State Highway 137, State Route 63, State Highway 99, and State Highway 198. Lindsay’s close vicinity to these major transportation routes provides an attractive location for industrial activity and trucking related operations. Lindsay has reached a threshold where its greatest challenge is to attract and sustain economic growth that will be beneficial to its citizens, while enhancing the physical and cultural character of the community. W hile residents of Tulare County
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Lindsay enjoy the slow pace of a small rural community, the City has aggressively pursued economic development opportunities through new industrial and commercial projects.

Th
e Lindsay planning area is dominated by residential, commercial and industrial use, with supporting public and semi-public facilities such as schools, parks, government offices, churches, hospital and public utilities. The City is surrounded by agricultural land which is mostly devoted to orange and olive groves, with some irrigated pasture and field crops to the north. In comparison with other cities in Tulare County, the Lindsay urban area is compact with relatively little developed area within the unincorporated fringe.

D
evelopment trends: The City plans for future growth through the implementation of policies and standards set forth in its General Plan which states that development is to occur only within the incorporated City Limits with certain exceptions. Table D-1 provides a projection for population growth in Lindsay.

Table D -1: Lindsay Historic and Projected Population Growth Year Tulare County Lindsay % of Total County
Population
1990 311,921 8,338 2.7%
2000 368,021 10,297 2.8%
2010 442,179 11,768 2.7%
2025 594,719 16,391 2.8%
2030 650,466 18,098 2.8%
Notes: 1) 1990 to 2010 population data based on U.S. Census Data 2) 2025 to 2030 population projection based in 1990 to 2010 average annual growth rates D
evelopment in hazard prone areas:

Development that did occur, was primarily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

T
he new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard impacts the entire City.

Development in the City, the State and globally with increased carbon emissions will result in increasing overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

D.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Hazards: L indsay faces many of the hazards that are present in the County. Table D-2 below provides a summary of hazards. Hazards in the City with unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude and low significance were not included. These include dam failure, wild fire, earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest and terrorism/cyber terrorism.

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G
uidelines for Hazard Rankings
Frequency of Occurrence:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude: Significance (subjective):

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected low, medium, high Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
D.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
The intent of this section is to assess L indsay’s vulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a whole, which has already been assessed in Section 5.3 Risk Assessment in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, property, and other assets vulnerable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole see Section 5 of the base plan.

I
nfrastructure and Values at Risk:

The following data was provided by the Director of City Services. This data should only be used as an estimate to determine overall values in the City as the information has some limitations. Generally, the land itself is not a loss. Table D-3 shows the 2016 inventory for the City.

Table D–2: Lindsay Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Location Climate Change Highly Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking

Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Flood Likely Extensive Critical High Map B-12 depicts
Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly Extensive Critical High Entire City Fire Unlikely Limited Limited Low Entire City
Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Levee Failure Occasional Limited Limited Medium Entire City Pandemic and Vector
Borne Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms
and High Winds
Highly
Likely
Significant Limited Medium Entire City
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Table D-3: Lindsay 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
CCPI Discharge Line-3
booster pumps 23620 Road 180 $1,500,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Park Parkside Avenue and E.

Alameda Street $3,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
City Services Department 150 N. Mirage Avenue $150,000 Earthquake, Fog F.M. Moore Building Honolulu Street $20,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Friant Kern Canal E. H onolulu Street $500,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Harvard Park N. H arvard Avenue $500,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog
Harvard Ponding Basin N. Harvard Avenue and
E. Tulare Rd $500, 000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog
Hickory Lift Station Hickory/Tulare Road $250,000 Earthquake, Fog Kaku Park N. Olive Avenue and W.

Samoa Street $200,000 Earthquake, Fog
Lindsay Chamber of
Commerce/Sierra Vista
Plaza
133 W. Honolulu Street $150,000 Earthquake, Fog
Lindsay City Hall 251 E. Honolulu Street $1,000,000 Earthquake, Fog Lindsay Corporation Yard 476 N. Mount Vernon
Avenue $250,000 Earthquake, Fog
Lindsay Department of
Public Safety
185 N. Gale Hill Avenue $250,000 Earthquake, Fog
Lindsay Historical
Museum
Gale Hill Avenue $100,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Lindsay Library 157 N. Mirage Avenue $500,000 Earthquake, Fog Lindsay Library 157 N. Mirage Avenue $500,000 Earthquake, Fog Lindsay Municipal Golf
Course
801 N. Elmwood Avenue $500,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Lindsay School District
Transportation Yard 250 N. Harvard Avenue $1,000,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog
Lindsay Sewer Treatment
Facility
23611 Rd. 196 $30,000,000 Earthquake, Fog
Lindsay Wellness
Center/Aquatic Center 740 N. Sequoia Avenue $2,500,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Lindsay/Strathmore
Memorial Building 775 N. Elmwood Avenue $350,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Mariposa Ponding Basin 10 Acres Mariposa/Hwy
65 $150,000 Earthquake, Fog
Mason House Museum
and Gallery
147 N. Gale Hill Avenue $125,000 Earthquake, Fog
McDermont Field House
& Sports Facility
365 N. Sweetbrier Avenue $18,000,000 Earthquake, Fog
McGregor building 130 N. Sweetbrier Avenue $75,000 Earthquake, Fog Mt. Whitney Building 181 E. Honolulu Street $500,000 Earthquake, Fog Old Jail S. Sweetbrier Avenue and
W. Honolulu Street $5,000 Earthquake, Fog
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Table D-3: Lindsay 2016 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Olive Bowl Baseball
stadium
S. Olive Avenue and W.

Apia Street $700,000 Earthquake, Fog
Parking lot E. Elmwood Avenue and
E. Honolulu Street $100,000 Earthquake, Fog
Lindsay Community
Center
911 N. Parkside Avenue $250,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Sequoia Lift Station Sequoia/Hickory $500,000 Earthquake, Fog Sequoia Ponding Basin Sequoia Avenue and E.

Alameda Street $250,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Sweet Brier Plaza 195 N Sweetbriar Avenue $2,000,000 Earthquake, Fog Well # 11 W. Mariposa Street $1,500,000 Earthquake, Fog Well # 14 Avenue 242 $1,500,000 Earthquake, Fog
Well # 15 Rd 188 $2,000,000 Earthquake, Fog
Cri
tical Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table D-4 as critical facilities:

Table D-4: Lindsay Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
CCPI Discharge Line-3 booster
pumps 23620 Road 180 $1,500,000
City Services Department 150 N. Mirage Avenue $150,000
Friant Kern Canal E. Honolulu Street $500,000
Harvard Ponding Basin N. Harvard Avenue and
E. Tulare Rd $500,000
Hickory Lift Station Hickory/Tulare Road $250,000
Lindsay City Hall 251 E. Honolulu Street $1,000,000
Lindsay Corporation Yard 476 N. Mount Vernon Avenue $250,000 Lindsay Department of Public
Safety
185 N. Gale Hill Avenue $250,000
Lindsay School District
Transportation Yard 250 N. Harvard Avenue $1,000,000
Lindsay Sewer Treatment Facility 23611 Rd. 196 $30,000,000 Lindsay Wellness Center/Aquatic
Center 740 N. Sequoia Avenue $6,100,000
Mariposa Ponding Basin 10 Acres Mariposa/Hwy
65 $150,000
Lindsay Community Center 911 N. Parkside Avenue $250,000 Sequoia Lift Station Sequoia/Hickory $500,000
Sequoia Ponding Basin Sequoia Avenue and E. Alameda
Street $250,000
Well # 11 W. Mariposa Street $1,500,000
Well # 14 Avenue 242 $1,500,000
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Vulnerabilities and Potential Losses:

Populations and Businesses at Risk
Residential population data for the City was obtained from the State of California Department of Finance E- 1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 201 6/2017. The population is estimated to be 12,980 in an area of 2.6 square miles. The estimate is 3,575 residential units with a 2016 median value of $ 134,559. The most common employment sectors for those who live in Lindsay are agriculture, retail trade, and manufacturing.

E
conomic Risks
The economy of Lindsay is largely based on agriculture and food production. The City serves mostly as a commuter town with many residents having to travel to larger population centers to seek employment.

Local commerce is composed of mostly small, family-owned businesses.

Vulne
rability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to include the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses calculated in Table D-5 used the best data currently available to produce an understanding of potential loss. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects on the built environment, and from the use of approximations that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Table D-5: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

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Drought
Impacts: Drought produces a variety of impacts that span many sectors of the economy. Reduced crops productivity; increased fire hazard; reduced water levels; increased livestock and wildlife mortality; and rationing are a few examples of direct impacts. These problems can result in increased prices for food and lumber, unemployment, reduced tax revenues, increased crime, and foreclosures on bank loans to farmers and businesses, and migration. Populations that rely on or are affected by a lack of water or annual rainfall are most directly affected by droughts. The City is dependent on imported water for most of its needs. During prolonged droughts, water rationing is possible resulting in potentially higher water costs and loss of private and public landscaping.

Costs: Potential costs from drought to the City and its communities are difficult to quantify and are dependent upon drought duration and severity. In addition to increased costs for water, prolonged draught may result in reduced property values, loss of tax revenues and migration, all of which will cause economic losses.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the City during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding.

B
ased upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Lindsay:
• C
limate Change
• Drought
• Extreme heat
• Flood
T
hese hazards which may impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities. In addition, these are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure.

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D.4 CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
T
he reason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Lindsay ’s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9, Plan Maintenance.

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Planning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table D-6 Lindsay Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
General Plan The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety E
lement.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more s
pecific guidance for the development of more specific areas. • Reviews private development projects and proposed capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan. • Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.

Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All Requires update Planning
California
Building Code
Enforcement
The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California including housing, public buildings and maintenance facilities. Improved safety, sustainability, maintaining consistency, new te chnology and construction methods, and Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Regulatory
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Table D-6 Lindsay Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
reliability are paramount to the development of building codes during each Triennial and Intervening Code Adoption Cycle.

C
alifornia’s building codes are published in their entirety every three (3) years. Amendments to California’s building standards are subject to a lengthy and transparent public participation process throughout each code adoption cycle. The California Seismic Safety Commission provides access to an array of regulatory and advisory information at:
http://www.seismic.ca.gov/cog.html
Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and construction management.

T
he MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP. As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Lindsey section of the MJLHMP. Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

Dam Failure,
Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Landslides,
Levee failure,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Planning
Tulare County
Municipal
Service Review
(MSR)
MSRs are intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of service provision by each of the special districts and other service providers within the legislative authority of the (LAFCo) of a city. This analysis focuses on service providers within the City of Lindsay and makes determinations in each area of evaluation. The MSR considers and makes recommendations based on the following information:
• Present and planned land uses in the area.
• Present and probable need for services in the area.

All Planning
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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table D-6 Lindsay Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
• Present ability of each service provider to provide necessary services.
• The fiscal, management, and structural health of each service p
rovider.
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area.

The MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Lindsey related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding,
Regulatory
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Administrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table D-7: Lindsay Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City Public
Works
Department
Maintains and operates a wide range of local equipment and facilities as well as provides assistance to members of the public.

Services include providing sufficient potable water, reliable waste water services, street maintenance, storm drainage systems, street cleaning, street lights and traffic signals.

All Technical
City Fire
Department
The City of Lindsay currently has three full time firefighters that operate the single fire station in the City. The remaining fire rescue crew consists of volunteers.

All Technical
F
iscal: These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table D-8: Lindsay Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Fund Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
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Education and Outreach: The capabilities include programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information or communications offices.

Table D-9 Lindsay Education and Outreach Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare
County
Association
of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards. TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and possibilities and gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

All Education and Outreach
Lindsay
Website
http://www.li
ndsay.ca.us/
and other
social media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts
The updated MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the planned is reviewed annually and new updates made,
information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
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March 2023
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Table D-10: Lindsay-Specific Mitigation Actions
No. Selected
(Y/N) Description Prioritization
Criteria
Facility to be
Mitigated (if
known)
Department
or Agency
Status
3 Y Seismically retrofit or
replace public works
and/or emergency
response facilities that
are necessary during
and/or immediately after
a disaster or emergency.

A,D,E Public Safety
Building
Police/Fire
Ongoing –
Mitigation Action 1
in 2017 MJLHMP
15 Y Develop a free annual
tree chipping and tree
pick-up day that
encourages residents
living in wind hazard
areas to manage trees
and shrubs at risk at risk
to falling on nearby
structures.

A,C,E Not Applicable Public Works
Ongoing –
Mitigation Action 2
in 2017 MJLHMP
16 Y Bolt down the roofs of
critical facilities in wind
gust hazard areas in
order to prevent wind
damage.

A,C,E Unknown Public Works
Ongoing –
Mitigation Action 3
in 2017 MJLHMP
Table D-12: Lindsay - Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Seismically retrofit or replace public works and/or
emergency response facilities that are necessary
during and/or immediately after a disaster or
emergency.

Public
Works
Unknown Medium 5 or
more
years
2 Develop a free annual tree chipping and tree pick-
up day that encourages residents living in wind
hazard areas to manage trees and shrubs at risk at
risk to falling on nearby structures.

Public
Works /
Parks
and Rec
Unknown Medium 5 or
more
years
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3 Bolt down the roofs of critical facilities in wind
gust hazard areas in order to prevent wind
damage.

All Unknown High 2-5
years
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A
nnex E City of Porterville
The City of Porterville, founded in 1849 and incorporated in 1902, is located in the central southern area of Tulare County in the heart of the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. The City became a Charter City in 1926. In the foothills above Porterville is the man-made Lake Success. Porterville's population has grown as it annexed nearby unincorporated areas. The City provides the following services:
• Public safety (police and fire protection, ambulance) • Highways and streets
• Wastewater collection, treatment, and dispos
al
• D
omestic water
• Storm drainage
• Solid waste collection and disposal.

E.1 Community Profile
Geography and Climate: The city has a total area of approximately 18.91 square miles. Porterville is located on the Tule River at the base of the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 455 feet. The City is 165 miles north of Los Angeles and 171 miles east of the Pacific Coast. The City has a strategic central location to major markets and a ready access to major transportation r outes. Porterville’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Porterville are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor portion of the County. The City consistently suffers from year-round air pollution and air quality that is among the worst in the U.S. because of both geographic conditions , dust from agriculture and vehicle emissions.

Government: Porterville operates as a council-manager form of municipal government which is comprised of five council members serving four-year overlapping terms. The mayor is elected separately.

Population and Demographics: The City's July 2022 population was estimated at 62,345. The 2020 U.S.

Census reported that Porterville had a population of 62,623. The population density was 3,311.6 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Porterville was 40,204 (64.2%) White; 313 (0.5%) African American; 1,065 (1.7%) Native American ; 2,943 (4.7%) Asian; 188 (0.3%) Pacific Islander; 1,252 (0.2%) from other races; and 11,836 (18.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 42 0,494 persons (64.6%). The Census reported 17,227 households (2015-2019) each made up of around 3 members. Family establishments represent 76.75% of these households, while non -family units account for the remaining

23.25%.

There were 18,305 households, out of which 6,718 (36.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, and 7,953 (12.7%) had someone living there who was 65 years of age or older. Of the 18,305 families the average family size was 3. 27 members. Households with a computer was 90.8% and those with a broadband internet subscription was 86.3%.

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Housing: There were 18,654 housing units at an average density of 986.5 per square mile, of which 9,407 (50.4%) were owner-occupied, and 6,678 ( 49.6%) were occupied by renters. The vacancy rate was 6.1%. 33,252 people (53.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 29,370 people (46.9%) lived in rental housing units. The median monthly owner costs with mortgage were $1,382 and $429 for homeowners without a mortgage. The median gross rent was $994.

Economy: The backbone of Porterville's economy is agriculture with manufacturing adding balance to the economy. Industry has also become a significant factor in the development of the community. The Wal - Mart Distribution Center, Beckman Coulter Inc., and Royalty Carpeting are major industries located in the City. Continued industrial diversification is being encouraged. The top employers in the city are:

1. Walmart 1,605

2. Porterville Unified School District 1,422

3. Porterville Development Center 1,104 (employees)

4. Sierra View District Hospital 7
99 5. Burton School District 770

6. City of Porterville 530

7. Eagle Mountain Casino 508

8. Foster Farms 395

9. Family Health Care Network 303

10. Bank of the Sierra 202
L
and use: Porterville is primarily a mix of urban and rural areas with a growing population. Approximately

35.9 percent of the land within the total land area was being used for agriculture and other rural uses (generally categorized as Agriculture/Rural/Conservation), 30.1 percent of the planning area is categorized as single family use, 4.9 percent was identified as vacant land. Other land uses such as commercial, retail, and industrial make up the balance. The City’s available residential, industrial and commercial land base is currently building out and may in the future require additional areas for growth. Single -family housing construction in Porterville is likely to continue its growth despite several significant economic hardship cycles. The City population has grown steadily in the last two decades but has seen a decline in the last five years. The housing stock has also increased in the last ten years due to annexations of unincorporated islands.

P
orterville’s commercial development is centered in the downtown and along the Olive Avenue corridor, which traverses the central portion of the City in an east -west direction. Additional commercial development is located along the Highway 65, specifically in the vicinity of Henderson Avenue, Morton Avenue, and Olive Avenue. The City’s industrial areas are located in the southwest quadrant of the City near the Porterville Municipal Airport, north and south of Highway 190, west of Plano Street, and northern part of the City along North Main Street. Schools and parks are scattered throughout the community, locating in neighborhoods that are experiencing a demand for these types of public facilities. Figure E-1 provides a land use map of Porterville.

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F
igure E-1: Porterville Map
D
evelopment trends: Historically Porterville experienced an average growth rate of 1.22% annually . The recession and weak housing market in recent years has caused the annual growth rate to slow. Since the last Census in 2020 its population has increased by 12.16 %. Historical population data and future projections were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, and the California Department of Fin ance. For analysis purposes, this data is compared to other source data relating to growth and population including the City’s General Plan. Extrapolating the historical 1990-2010 growth rate of 3.0% would give the City a population of 97,828 or 15.5% of t he county population in 2030. DOF released finalized population projections at the county level on January 1, 20 21. If the City’s share of County population continues to grow at the same level as between 2011 and 2022 (1.43%), the City’s population share w ould be 13.17% of the County or 62,345. This would be an annual increase of 1.43%.

A
ccording to the 2008 Porterville General Plan Update, the City’s population has grown at an average annual rate of 3.7 percent over a 30 -year period. Buildout of the General Plan will accommodate a population of approximately 107,300 in the Planning Area. However, the City’s population growth slowed to an average annual rate of 1.43 percent from 2006 to 2022 . It is reasonable to assume that the City’s population will continue to grow at an average annual rate between 2.5% and 3%.

D
evelopment in hazard prone areas:

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Because population growth was less than two percent per year since approval of the 2011 MJLHMP, there has been no development in hazard prone areas that has affected overall vulnerability of the County.

Development that did occur, was primarily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

U
pdated dam inundation maps include a much larger area of the County. While little new development occurred in the expanded inundation zones, vulnerability to dam inundation increased substantially and now includes most of the most populace areas of the County. Updated dam inundation maps for the County and affected cities are included in Appendix B.

T
he new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard impacts the entire City.

Development in the City, the State and globally with increased carbon emissions will result in increasing overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

E.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Hazards: P orterville faces many of the hazards that are present in the County. Table E-1 below provides a summary of hazards. Porterville is one of the few incorporated areas in the County with an urban/wildland interface. Eastern portions of the City are in the High and Medium Fire Hazard Severity Zone. The City is also within two miles of Success Dam. Warning times for a dam failure are less than 10 minutes. Much of the western portions of the Cit y are in the inundation zone with water depths exceeding 20 feet. A rapid failure of Success Dam would result in catastrophic loss of life and injury, and property loss. Hazards in the City with unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude and low significance were not included.

These include earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest and terrorism/cyber terrorism.

G
uidelines for Hazard Rankings
Table E–1: Porterville Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Location Climate Change Highly Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City Dam Failure Unlikely Extensive Catastrophic High Map B-15 depicts Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking

Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly Extensive Critical High Entire City Fire Unlikely Limited Limited Low Entire City
Floods Highly Extensive Critical High Map B-14 depicts
Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Landslide/Mudslide/Debris

Unlikely Limited Negligible Low Entire City
Pandemic and Vector Borne
Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms and
High Winds
Highly
Likely
Significant Limited Medium Entire City
Wildfire Unlikely Limited Limited Low Map B-13 depicts
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-4
484
Frequency of Occurrence:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude: Significance (subjective):

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected low, medium, high Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
E.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
The intent of this section is to assess Porterville’s v ulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a whole, which has already been assessed in Section 5.3 Risk Assessment in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, property, and other assets vulnerable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole see Section 5 of the base plan.

I
nfrastructure and Values at Risk:

The following data was provided by the Director of City Services. This data should only be used as a guideline to overall values in the City as the information has some limitations. Generally, the land itself is not a loss. Table E-2 shows the 2018 inventory for the City.

Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Fire Department Station
1 40 W. Cleveland Ave. $380,573.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Fire Department Station
2 500 N. Newcomb $2,040,419.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Police Department 350 N. "D" St. $6,013,323.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Public Safety Facility
Police/Fire
980 S. Jaye Street $6,691,139.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Centennial Plaza 25 E. Thurman $2,400,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
City Hall 291 N. Main Street $12,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Corporation Yard/Field
Services
555 N. Prospect St. $8,484,296.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Murray Park Putnam Ave $1,904,440.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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485
Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Hayes Field 945 W. Mulberry
Ave.
$220,818,00.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Golf Course 72 E. Isham Ave. $782,133.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Zalud Park 393 S. Hockett $1,183,792.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Veteran’s Park 708 N. Newcomb St. $424,658.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Contractor Equipment 291 N. Main St. $1,829,818.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Vehicles 291 N. Main St. $25,823,671.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Fallen Heroes Park 356 E. Chase Ave. $599,642.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Vacant Commercial
Building
36-38 E. Cleveland
Ave.
$594,750.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Wastewater Treatment
Facility
555 N. Prospect St. $20,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Porterville Convalescent
Hospital
1100 W. Morton Unknown Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Porterville
Developmental Center
26501 Ave. 140 Unknown Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Porterville Hemodialysis
Facility
385 N. Pearson Unknown Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sierra Valley Rehab. 301 W. Putnam Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sierra View District
Hospital
465 W. Putnam Ave. Unknown Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sierra View District
Hospital Dialysis Center
283 N. Pearson Unknown Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sun Villa Rehab &
Nursing Center
350 N. Villa Unknown Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Valley Care Center 661 W. Poplar Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Water Conservation
Plant
1333 W. Grand Ave. $100,203,157.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Residence 287 Hockett St. $335,199.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Residence 604 E. Putnam Ave. $283,253.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Residence 321 S. Greenwood St. $234,329.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Residence 841 N. Belmont $185,646.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Sewer Lift Station 01 930 W. Mulberry $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 02 Porter Rd. across
From Porter BBQ
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 03 1131 N. Newcomb $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 04 Newcomb & North
West Grand
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 05 Putnam & Mathew $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 06 South Jaye St. on S.E.
side of River
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 07 Airport by Sludge
Beds
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 08 Park & Success $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 09 Morton & Westwood $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 10 Poplar & "G" St. by
Walmart D.C.
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 11 Mulberry & Mathew $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 12 OHV Park by BMX
Track
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 13 459 N. Mathew $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 14 Newcomb & Date $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 15 Newcomb & S. River
on S. Side of River
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 16 Mathew & Union $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 17 1850 W. Scranton
Ave.
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 18 Westfield &
Westwood
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 19 1193 N. Lime $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 20 207 B S. Westwood
St.
$250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 21 487 S. Newcomb $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station 22 2200 W. Forest Ave. $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Sewer Lift Station 23 East end of Edison Ct. $250,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0424, Porter
Slough
"E" Street $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0046, Porter
Slough
Main St. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0076, Tule
River/Poplar Ditch
Road 252 (Plano St.) $20,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0098, Tule
River
Road 224
(Westwood)
$12,500,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0099, Tule
River
Road 244 (Jaye St.) $12,500,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0111, Porter
Slough
Porter Rd. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0127, Porter
Slough
Road 224
(Westwood)
$8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0168, Porter
Slough
Prospect St. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0170, Porter
Slough
Villa St. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0171, Porter
Slough
W. Putnam Ave. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0172, Porter
Slough
Plano St. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0173, Porter
Slough
Leggett Dr. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0298, Porter
Slough
Park Ave. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0299, Porter
Slough
Conner St. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0424, Porter
Slough
"E" Street $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0425, Porter
Slough
Cottage St. $8,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Bridge #46C0444, Tule
River
Main St. $10,000,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Porterville Municipal
Airport
1893 S. Newcomb St. $2,529,037.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Transit Center 61 W. Oak $500,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Community Center 466 E. Putnam Ave. $1,666,497.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
SCE Rector Electrical
Substation
95 N. Cottage Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-8
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Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Animal Shelter 23611 Rd 196,
Lindsay
$795,718.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Sports Complex Scranton Ave. 186,593.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
The Gas Company
Substation
West of Newcomb on
Olive
Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Airport 300K Tank 2200 W. Hope $628,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
East Porterville 3MG
Tank
785 N. Jasmine &
Henderson alignment
$3,750,000.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Scenic 310K Tank 1470 Highland Dr. $388,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Scenic 3MG Tank 1054 Highland Dr. $3,750,000.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Highland Drive Tank
310,000 Gal
Highland Dr. &
Pioneer
$290,901.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Rocky Hill 550K Tank East of Granite Hills $1,140,000.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Rocky Hill Booster Water
Pump Station
1610 E. Putnam Ave. $467,732.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Martin Hill 3MG Tank Worth & Leggett $4,783,00.00 Earthquake, Dam, Flood, Fog
Martin Hill Water Pump
Station
543 E. Worth Ave. $580,363.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
East Porterville 3MG
Tank
785 N. Jasmine &
Henderson
$4,783,00.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
East Porterville Booster
Water Pump Station
Henderson & Plano $517,880.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Booster Pump Self
Contained/Skid Mount
Park & Corona $136,826.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Airport Reservoir Water
Tank
1893 S. Newcomb St. 345,134.00 Earthquake, Dam,
Flood, Fog
Well 01A Putnam east of 4th $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 2 N 3rd St. & Harrison $116,523.00 Earthquake, Damn Flood, Fog
Well 03 Willow & "E" $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 04 Orange & "E" $1,786,223.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 06 437 W. Kanai $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 07 Orange & Western $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Well 08 "A" & Walnut $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 10 Mulberry & Hwy 65 $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 11 4th & Garden $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 12 892 W. Henderson $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 13 191 W. Poplar $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 15 Morton & "G" $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 16 Veterans Park
(Henderson)
$1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 17 Tomah & Waukesha $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 18 Henderson &
Belmont
$1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 19 Jaye & Tule River $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 20 Veterans Park
(Newcomb)
$2,526,747.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 21 Harrison & Hockett $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 22 Tomah & Newcomb $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 23 Union & Indiana $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 24 Taylor & Olive $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 25 Newcomb & Date $1,729,905.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 26 Indiana & Hwy 190 $1,853,179.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 27 Jaye north of
Gibbons
$1,853,179.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 28 "F" & Gibbons $1,854,872.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well 29 2250 W. Henderson $1,853,179.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 31 Mathew & Orange $1,853,179.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well AP-01 Airport east of 30K
Tank
$1,738,630.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-10
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Table E-2: Porterville 2018 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Well AP-02 West St. $3,586,854.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well EP-05 Springville Dr.
(Headgate)
$1,1714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well L01 Tomah & Beverly $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well L05 Tomah & Salisbury $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well L07 Thurman & Cobb $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam
Flood, Fog
Well L08 2107 White Chapel $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well R05 Newcomb & Forrest $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well R07 2006 W. Olive Ave. $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well R-11 Iris east of Magnolia $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well R-12 Cedar north of Iris $1,714,169.00 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Cri
tical Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table E-3 as critical facilities:

Table E-3: Porterville Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Fire Department Station 1 40 W. Cleveland Ave. $2,000,000.00 Fire Department Station 2 500 N. Newcomb $2,000,000.00
Police Department 350 N. "D" St. $2,000,000.00
Public Safety Facility
Police/Fire 980 S. Jaye Street $5,000,000.00
Centennial Plaza 25 E. Thurman $4,475,269.00
City Hall 291 N. Main Street $12,000,000.00
Corporation Yard/Field
Services 555 N. Prospect St. $2,500,000.00
Temporary Porterville Library 50 W. Olive Ave. Ste B $2,323,273.06 Office Building 155-185 North D St. $902,150.00
Wastewater Treatment
Facility 555 N. Prospect St. $20,000,000.00
Porterville Convalescent
Hospital 1100 W. Morton Unknown
Porterville Developmental
Center 26501 Ave. 140
Unknown
Porterville Hemodialysis
Facility 385 N. Pearson
Unknown
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table E-3: Porterville Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Sierra Valley Rehab. 301 W. Putnam Unknown
Sierra View District Hospital 465 W. Putnam Ave. Unknown Sierra View District Hospital
Dialysis Center 283 N. Pearson
Unknown
Sun Villa Rehab & Nursing
Center 350 N. Villa
Unknown
Valley Care Center 661 W. Poplar Unknown
Sewer Lift Station 01 930 W. Mulberry $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 02
Porter Rd. across From Porter
BBQ $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 03 1131 N. Newcomb $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 04
Newcomb & North West
Grand $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 05 Putnam & Mathew $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 06
South Jaye St. on S.E. side of
River $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 07 Airport by Sludge Beds $250,000.00 Sewer Lift Station 08 Park & Success $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 09 Morton & Westwood $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 10
Poplar & "G" St. by Walmart
D.C. $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 11 Mulberry & Mathew $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 12 OHV Park by BMX Track $250,000.00 Sewer Lift Station 13 459 N. Mathew $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 14 Newcomb & Date $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 15
Newcomb & S. River on S.

Side of River $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 16 Mathew & Union $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 17 1850 W. Scranton Ave. $250,000.00 Sewer Lift Station 18 Westfield & Westwood $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 19 1193 N. Lime $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 20 207 B S. Westwood St. $250,000.00 Sewer Lift Station 21 487 S. Newcomb $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 22 2200 W. Forest Ave. $250,000.00
Sewer Lift Station 23 East end of Edison Ct. $250,000.00 Bridge #46C0424, Porter
Slough "E" Street $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0046, Porter
Slough Main St. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0076, Tule
River/Poplar Ditch Road 252 (Plano St.) $20,000,000.00 Bridge #46C0098, Tule River Road 224 (Westwood) $12,500,000.00 Bridge #46C0099, Tule River Road 244 (Jaye St.) $12,500,000.00 Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table E-3: Porterville Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Bridge #46C0111, Porter
Slough Porter Rd. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0127, Porter
Slough Road 224 (Westwood) $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0168, Porter
Slough Prospect St. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0170, Porter
Slough Villa St. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0171, Porter
Slough W. Putnam Ave. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0172, Porter
Slough Plano St. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0173, Porter
Slough Leggett Dr. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0298, Porter
Slough Park Ave. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0299, Porter
Slough Conner St. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0424, Porter
Slough "E" Street $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0425, Porter
Slough Cottage St. $8,000,000.00
Bridge #46C0444, Tule River Main St. $10,000,000.00
Porterville Municipal Airport 1893 S. Newcomb St. $20,000,000.00 Transit Center 61 W. Oak $855,564.00
SCE Rector Electrical
Substation 95 N. Cottage
Unknown
The Gas Company Substation West of Newcomb on Olive Unknown Airport 300K Tank 2200 W. Hope $375,000.00
East Porterville 3MG Tank
785 N. Jasmine & Henderson
alignment $3,750,000.00
Scenic 310K Tank 1470 Highland Dr. $628,000.00
Scenic 3MG Tank 1054 Highland Dr. $4,924,000.00
Well 01A Putnam east of 4th $2,000,000.00
Well 03 Willow & "E" $2,000,000.00
Well 04 Orange & "E" $2,000,000.00
Well 06 437 W. Kanai $2,000,000.00
Well 07 Orange & Western $2,000,000.00
Well 08 "A" & Walnut $2,000,000.00
Well 10 Mulberry & Hwy 65 $2,000,000.00
Well 11 4th & Garden $2,000,000.00
Well 12 892 W. Henderson $2,000,000.00
Well 13 191 W. Poplar $2,000,000.00
Well 15 Morton & "G" $2,000,000.00
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Table E-3: Porterville Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Well 16 Veterans Park (Henderson) $2,000,000.00
Well 17 Tomah & Waukesha $2,000,000.00
Well 18 Henderson & Belmont $2,000,000.00
Well 19 Jaye & Tule River $2,000,000.00
Well 20 Veterans Park (Newcomb) $2,000,000.00
Well 21 Harrison & Hockett $2,000,000.00
Well 22 Tomah & Newcomb $2,000,000.00
Well 23 Union & Indiana $2,000,000.00
Well 24 Taylor & Olive $2,000,000.00
Well 25 Newcomb & Date $2,000,000.00
Well 26 Indiana & Hwy 190 $2,000,000.00
Well 27 Jaye north of Gibbons $2,000,000.00
Well 28 "F" & Gibbons $2,000,000.00
Well 29 2250 W. Henderson $2,000,000.00
Well 31 Mathew & Orange $2,000,000.00
Well AP-01 Airport east of 30K Tank $2,000,000.00
Well AP-02 West St. $2,000,000.00
Well EP-05 Springville Dr. (Headgate) $2,000,000.00
Well L01 Tomah & Beverly $2,000,000.00
Well L05 Tomah & Salisbury $2,000,000.00
Well L07 Thurman & Cobb $2,000,000.00
Well L08 2107 White Chapel $2,000,000.00
Well R05 Newcomb & Forrest $2,000,000.00
Well R07 2006 W. Olive Ave. $2,000,000.00
Well R-11 Iris east of Magnolia $2,000,000.00
Well R-12 Cedar north of Iris $2,000,000.00
Vul
nerabilities and Potential Losses:

A risk assessment determines the vulnerability of assets within the City by evaluating the inventory of City owned existing property and the population exposed to a hazard. A quantitative vulnerability assessment is limited to the exposure buildings, and i nfrastructures to the identified hazards. This risk assessment includes only those hazards that are natural.

Populations and Businesses at Risk
Residential population data for the City was obtained from the State of California Department of Finance E- 1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 20 21/2022. The population is
estimated to be 62,345 in an area of 17.7 square miles. The estimate is 18,354 residential units with a 2020 median value of $208,400. The most common employment sectors for those who live in Porterville are retail trade, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting and health care and social assistance.

E
conomic Risks
The backbone of Porterville's economy is agriculture with manufacturing adding balance to the economy.

Industry has also become a significant factor in the development of the community. The Wal -Mart Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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Distribution Center, Porterville Unified School District and Porterville Development Center are major industries located in the City. Continued industrial diversification is being encouraged. The top employers in the city are:

1. Walmart 1,605

2. Porterville Unified School District 1,422

3. Porterville Development Center 1,104 (employees)

4. Sierra View District Hospital 7
99 5. Burton School District 770

6. City of Porterville 530

7. Eagle Mountain Casino 508

8. Foster Farms 395

9. Family Health Care Network 303

10. Bank of the Sierra 202
Vul
nerability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to include the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses calculated in Table E-4 used the best dat a currently available to produce an understanding of potential loss. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects on the built environment, and from the use of approximations that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Table E-4: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

Dam Inundation
Impacts: Success Dam is located within two miles of the eastern boundary of Porterville. Warning times for a dam failure are less than 10 minutes. Much of the western portions of the City are in the inundation zone with water depths exceeding 20 feet.

Tulare County
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March 2023
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Costs: A rapid failure of Success Dam would result in catastrophic loss of life and injury, and property loss.

Map B-15 depicts the potential footprint for dam inundation. Specifics of the inundation curves are contained in the Success Dam Emergency Action Plan which is a limited distribution document. The potential injury and death from a short notice dam failure could be in the 10,000s. Total losses within the Porterville jurisdiction could exceed $1,000,000,000.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the City during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding.

Wildland Fire
Impacts: Structures near the urban/wildland interface are susceptible to wildland fire. Impacts on low density communities are limited.

Costs: Costs to the City will include emergency response and damage to private property. Total costs are likely to be less than $10,000,000.

B
ased upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Porterville:
• C
limate Change
• Dam Inundation
• Drought
Tulare County
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March 2023
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• Extreme heat
• Flood
T
hese hazards which may impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities. In addition, these are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure.

E.4 CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
The reason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Porterville ’ s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

Th
e planning team conducted an assessment of the City’s capabilities that contribute to the reduction of long-term vulnerabilities to hazards. The capabilities include authorities and policies, such as legal and regulatory resources, staff, and fiscal resources. Staff resources include technical personnel such as planners/engineers with knowledge of development and land management and an understanding of natural or human -caused hazards. The planning team also considered ways to expand on and improve existing policies and programs with the goal of integrating hazard mitigation into the day-to-day activities and programs of the City. In carrying out the capability assessment, several areas were examined:
• P
lanning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical resources
• Fiscal resources including grants, mutual aid agreements, operating funds and access to funds FEMA REGULATION CHECKLIST: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Capability Assessment
44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3): – The plan must include mitigation strategies based on the jurisdiction's “existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.” Elements
C1. Does the plan document the jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3) C2. Does the Plan address the jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii) Source: FEMA, Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, March 2013.

Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9, Plan Maintenance.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-17
497
• Technical and staff resources to assist in implementing/overseeing mitigation activities • Previous and Ongoing Mitigation Activities
T
ables E-5 through E-8 provide a list of the City’s capabilities.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-18
498
Planning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table E-5: Porterville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
General Plan
2035
The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety E
lement.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more s
pecific guidance for the development of more specific areas. • Reviews private development projects and proposed capital improvements projects and other physical projects involvin g
pr
operty for consistency and conformity with the General Plan. • Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.

Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All Updated 2014 Planning
California
Building Code
Enforcement
The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California including housing, public buildings and maintenance facilities. Improved safety, sustainability, maintaining consistency, new te chnology and construction methods, and Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Regulatory
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-19
499
Table E-5: Porterville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
reliability are paramount to the development of building codes during each Triennial and Intervening Code Adoption Cycle.

C
alifornia’s building codes are published in their entirety every three (3) years. Amendments to California’s building standards are subject to a lengthy and transparent public participation process throughout each code adoption cycle. The California Seismic Safety Commission provides access to an array of regulatory and advisory information at:
http://www.seismic.ca.gov/cog.html
Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and construction management.

T
he MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP. As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Porterville section of the MJLHMP. Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

Dam Failure,
Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Landslides,
Levee failure,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Planning
Tulare County
Municipal
Service Review
(MSR)
MSRs are intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of service provision by each of the special districts and other service providers within the legislative authority of the (LAFCo) of a city. This analysis focuses on service providers within the City of Lindsay and makes determinations in each area of evaluation. The MSR considers and makes recommendations based on the following information:
• Present and planned land uses in the area.
• Present and probable need for services in the area.

All Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-20
500
Table E-5: Porterville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
• Present ability of each service provider to provide necessary services.
• The fiscal, management, and structural health of each service p
rovider.
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area.

The MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Porterville related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding,
Regulatory
Emergency
Operations Plan
(2015)
Describes what the local jurisdiction’s actions will be during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that describe in more detail the actions required of the local jurisdiction’s departments/agencies. Further, this plan describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and the coordination that occurs between the EOC and the local jurisdiction’s departments and other response agencies. Finally, this plan describes how the EOC serves as the focal point among local, state, and federal governments in times of disaster.

All Yes: Mitigation
and preparedness
sections. Hazard
descriptions.

Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-21
501
Table E-5: Porterville Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
The MJLHMP will be used as an essential tool to update the City EOP. Cal OES requires that EOPs describe applicable hazards as part of the Plan.

The latest MJLHMP hazards descriptions will be included. Mitigation actions that are preparedness and response in nature will be analyzed for applicability to include in the description of EOP processes and procedures.

Stormwater
Quality
Management
Program
(SWQMP) -
Storm
Water
M
anagement
Plan
(2009)
Describes measures that the local jurisdiction will take to minimize stormwater pollution. The SWQMP is required by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II regulations, which became effective in March 2003.

Flooding Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-22
502
Administrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table E-6: Porterville Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Engineer,
project
managers,
technical staff,
equipment
operators, and
construction
staff within
the Public
Works
Department.

Maintains and operates a wide range of local equipment and facilities as well as providing assistance to members of the public. These include providing sufficient clean fresh water, reliable sewer services, street maintenance, storm drainage systems, street cleaning, street lights and traffic signals.

Flood Technical
Emergency
Manager
Maintains and updates the Emergency Operations Plan for the local jurisdiction. In addition, coordinates local response and relief activities within the Emergency Operation Center, and works closely with County, state, and federal partners to support planning and training and to provide information and coordinate assistance.

All Technical
F
iscal: These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table E-7: Porterville Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Fund Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
General Obligation
Bonds
GO Bonds are appropriately used for the construction
and/or acquisition of improvements to real property
broadly available to residents and visitors. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, libraries, hospitals, parks, public safety facilities, and cultural and educational
facilities.

All Financial
Lease Revenue
Bonds
Funding
Lease revenue bonds are used to finance capital projects that (1) have an identified budgetary stream for
repayment (e.g., specified fees, tax receipts, etc.); (2) generate project revenue but rely on a broader pledge of general fund revenues to reduce borrowing costs; or (3) finance the acquisition and installation of equipment for the local jurisdiction’s general governmental purposes.

All Financial
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-24
504
Public-Private
Partnerships for
Economic and
Redevelopment
Includes the use of local professionals, business owners, residents, and civic groups and trade associations,
generally for the study of issues and the development of guidance and recommendations.

All Financial
E
ducation and Outreach: Programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information or communications offices.

Table E-8: Porterville Education and Outreach Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare
County
Association
of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards. TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and possibilities and gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

All Education and Outreach
Porterville
Website
http://www.c
i.porterville.c
a.us/ and
other social
media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts.

The updated MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the planned is reviewed annually and new updates made,
information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-25
505
E.5 MITIGATION STRATEGY
Table E -9 lists the City specific mitigation actions from the 2011 Plan and provides their status.

Table E-9: Porterville-Specific Mitigation Actions
No. Selected
(Y/N) Description Prioritization
Criteria
Facility to be
Mitigated (if
known)
Department
or Agency
Status
10 Y Work with FEMA Region
IX to address any
floodplain management
issues that may have
arisen/arise from the
countywide DFIRM,
Community Assessment
Visits, and/or DWR.

A, B, C, D Unknown Public Works Ongoing:

Mitigation
Action 9 in
2017 Plan.
11 Y Increase participation in
the NFIP by entering the
Community Rating
System program which
through enhanced
floodplain management
activities would allow
property owners to
receive a discount on
their flood insurance.

A, B, C, D, E Unknown Public Works Ongoing:

Mitigation
Action 10 in
2017 Plan.

Prioritization Criteria
• A local jurisdiction department or agency champion currently exists or can be identified • The action can be implemented during the 5-year lifespan of the HMP • The action may reduce expected future damages and losses (cost-benefit) • The action mitigates a high-risk hazard
• The action mitigates multiple hazards
Th
e City’s mitigation strategies from the 2011 HMP are still relevant to this update. Table E-10 contains an updated set of potential mitigation strategies for new Plan. Mitigation actions were derived from numerous sources including the General Plan, City Code, Capital Improvement Plan and input from the public and stakeholders.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-26
506
Table E-10: Porterville - Potential Mitigation Strategies Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 Create a GIS -based pre -application review for new construction and major remodels of residential and/or non -residential structures in hazard areas, such high and/or very high wildfire areas.

All Mit.
2 Integrate the City HMP , in particular the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into local planning documents, including general plans, emergency operations plan, and capital improvement plans.

All Mit.
3 Permit development only in areas where the potential danger to the health and safety of people and property can be mitigated to an acceptable level.

All Mit.
4 Designate areas with a potential for significant hazardous conditions for open space, agriculture, and other appropriate low intensity uses.

All Mit.
5 Except as otherwise allowed by State law, ensure that all new buildings intended for human habitation are designed in compliance with the latest edition of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, and other adopted standards based on risk (e.g., seismic hazards, flooding), type of occupancy, and location (e.g., floodplain, fault).

FR Mit.
7 Identify and map existing housing structures that do not conform to contemporary fire standards in terms of building materials, perimeter access, and vegetative hazards in very high fire hazard severity zones or State responsibility area by fire hazard zone designation. Identify plans and actions to improve substandard housing structures and neighborhoods.

FR Mit.
8 Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential structures, in particular those that have been identified as Repetitive Loss (RL) properties that are located within the 100-year floodplain.

FL Mit.

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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-27
507
9 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof critical facilities that are located within the 100-year floodplain. FL Mit.
10 Reinforce City ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road and installing culverts beneath the road or building a higher bridge across the area that experiences regular flooding.

FL Mit.
11 Regulate development in the 100-year floodplain zones, as designated on maps prepared by FEMA in accordance with the following:
• Critical facilities (those facilities which should be open and accessible during emergencies) shall not be permitted.
• Passive recreational activities (those requiring non-intensive development, such as hiking, horseback riding, picnicking) are permissible.
• New development and divisions of land, especially
residential subdivisions, shall be developed to minimize flood risk to structures, infrastructure, and ensure safe access and evacuation during flood conditions.

FL Mit.
13 Within the City limits, where storm and flood prevention improvements have not been installed, initiate a program to upgrade in accordance with the Master Drainage Control Plan for the area. Priorities should be conditioned upon locations where flood and sheet flow hazards are greatest.

FL Mit.
14 Ensure that new City flood control projects will not adversely impact downstream properties or contribute to flooding hazards. FL Mit. 15 Maintain emergency evacuation plans for areas identified as subject to potential flooding. FL Mit.
16 Continue aggressive clearing of storm drain problem areas for mitigation/prevention of localized flooding FL Mit.
17 Continue to create, revise, and maintain emergency plans for the broad range of natural and human -made disasters and response activities that could foreseeably impact the County. This shall include, but not be limited to, flooding, dam failure, extreme weather, evacuation/transportation, mass care and shelter, and animal evacuation and sheltering.

All Prep.

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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-28
508
18 Continue to promote awareness and education among residents regarding possible natural hazards, including soil conditions, earthquakes, flooding, fire hazards, and emergency procedures.

EQ, FL, FR Mit.
19 Develop a public outreach program that informs property owners located in the dam or levee inundation areas about voluntary flood insurance.

FL, DF, LF Mit.
20 Promote public safety programs, including neighborhood watch programs, child identification and fingerprinting, public awareness and prevention of fire hazards, and other public education efforts.

CT Mit.
21 Coordinate emergency response with local, State, and Federal governmental agencies, community organizations, volunteer agencies, and other response partners during emergencies or disasters using the California Standard Emergency Management System and the National Incident Management System.

All Resp.
22 Participate in established local, State, and Federal mutual aid systems. Where necessary and appropriate, the County shall enter into agreements to ensure the effective provision of emergency services, such as mass care, heavy rescue, hazardous materials, or other specialized function.

All Resp.
23 Continue to work with weather forecasting and public safety agencies to provide warning and protective information to residents, travelers, and visitors about dam inundation, severe valley fog and extreme heat conditions.

FG, EH Resp.
24 Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to track fire and law enforcement response times and provide technical assistance to fire and law enforcement agencies.

FR, TR Mit.
25 Require, where feasible, road networks (public and private) to provide for safe and ready access for emergency equipment and provide alternate routes for evacuation
All Mit.

A
list of mitigation actions was selected from the mitigation strategies. Table E-11 provides the mitigation 2017 MJLHMP actions for the City. New priorities for mitigation actions are listed in the table.

Table E-11 Portville - Mitigation Actions
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-29
509
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Ensure that development in very high or high
fire hazard areas is designed and constructed
in a manner that minimizes the risk from fire
hazards and meets all applicable State and
County fire standards.

Planning Unknown Medium Ongoing
2 Identify and map existing housing structures
that do not conform to contemporary fire
standards in terms of building materials,
perimeter access, and vegetative hazards in
very high fire hazard severity zones or State
responsibility area by fire hazard zone
designation. Identify plans and actions to
improve substandard housing structures and
neighborhoods.

Development Unknown Medium
One
year
3 Regulate development in the 100-year
floodplain zones, as designated on maps
prepared by FEMA in accordance with the
following:
• Critical facilities (those facilities which
should be open and accessible durin
g
em
ergencies) shall not be permitted.
• Passive recreational activities (those
requiring non-intensive development,
such as hiking, horseback riding,
picnicking) are permissible.

New development and divisions of land,
especially residential subdivisions, shall be
developed to minimize flood risk to structures,
infrastructure, and ensure safe access and
evacuation during flood conditions.

Planning Unknown Medium
One
year 4
Within the City limits, where storm and flood
prevention improvements have not been
installed, initiate a program to upgrade in
accordance with the Master Drainage Control
Plan for the area. Priorities should be
Public Works Unknown Medium One
year
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-30
510
Incorporation into other plans: FEMA requires the HMP be consistent with and incorporated into other planning documents and processes. In Porterville, these other planning documents and process include the General Plan Update, the City Code zoning ordinances and various infrastructure master plans. The term incorporated in planning terms means that the HMP and the other plans have similar community goals and policies, that they advocate similar land use patterns, and they are consistent in their guidance of direction and rate of growth. As other plans are updated or created, the HMP should be used as guidance.
conditioned upon locations where flood and
sheet flow hazards are greatest.
5 Ensure that new City flood control projects will
not adversely impact downstream properties
or contribute to flooding hazards.

Public Works Unknown Medium Ongoing
6 Maintain emergency evacuation plans for
areas identified as subject to potential
flooding.

Fire
Department Unknown High One
Year
7 Continue aggressive clearing of storm drain
problem areas for mitigation/prevention of
localized flooding
Public Works Unknown Medium Ongoing
8 Continue to work with weather forecasting
and public safety agencies to provide warning
and protective information to residents,
travelers, and visitors about dam inundation,
severe valley fog and extreme heat conditions.

Fire
Department Unknown High Ongoing
9 Work with FEMA Region IX to address any
floodplain management issues that may have
arisen/arise from the countywide DFIRM,
Community Assessment Visits, and/or DWR.

Planning Unknown Medium Ongoing
10 Increase participation in the NFIP by entering
the Community Rating System program which
through enhanced floodplain management
activities would allow property owners to
receive a discount on their flood insurance.

Planning Unknown Medium One
year
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-31
511
Appendix B
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex E-32
512
Annex F - City of Tulare
Annex F City of Tulare
The City of Tulare is located in the heart of the Central Valley, eight miles south of Visalia and sixty miles north of Bakersfield. It was incorporated in 1888. The City provides the following services:
• Public safety (police and fire protection, ambulance) • Highways and streets
• Wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal
• Domestic water
• Storm drainage
• Solid waste collection and disposal.

Figure F-1: City of Tulare Map
F.1 Community Profile
Geography and Climate: The City has an incorporated area of 21.0 square miles. The City is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 289 feet above sea level. Tulare’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by modera te temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Tulare are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-1
513
Annex F - City of Tulare
portion of the County. Tulare consistently suffers from year-round air pollution and air quality that is among the worst in the U.S. because of both geographic conditions, dust from agriculture, and vehicle emissions.

Government: Tulare operates as a council-manager form of municipal government which is comprised of five council members serving four-year overlapping terms. The mayor and vice-mayor are selected by the council for two-year terms.

Population and Demographics: The 2020 U.S. Census reported that Tulare had a population of 68,875. The population density was 3,378.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Tulare for single races is 19,382 (28.1%) White; 1,788 (2.6%) African American; 340 (0.5%) American Indian and Alaska Native; 1,581 (2.3%) Asian; 60 (0.1%) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; 21,388 (30.6%) from other races; and 1,719 (2.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43,617 persons (63.3%). The Census reported that 64,198 people (93.2% of the population) lived in households, 902 people (1.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 201 people (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 18,381 households, out of which 9,770 (53.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 9,733 (53.0%) were married couples living together, 4,336 ( 23.6%) had a female householder with no spouse/partner present, 2,437 (13.3%) had a male householder with no spouse/partner present. There were 1,875 (10.2%) cohabiting couple households. 2,459 households (13.4%) were made up of individuals and 989 (5.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.49. There were 14,941 families (81.3% of all households); the average family size was 3.83.

Housing: There were 21,153 housing units at an average density of 1,007.3 per square mile (3 88.9/km²), of which 10,512 ( 49.7%) were owner-occupied, and 7,8 69 ( 37.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.0%.

Economy: The backbone of Tulare's economy is agricultural and the dairy industry. Tulare is responsible for a significant part of Tulare County's 342,600 dairy cows, which produce more than 8.9 billion pounds of milk each year. The nation's largest single-site dairy complex, operated by Land O'Lakes, is located in Tulare.

Tulare is the home of the Tulare County Fair, held since 1915. Tulare is also home to the internationally known World Ag Expo, held annually at the International Agri-Center. Since 1968, the three-day event in February is the largest annual agricultural exposition in the world, with 1,600 exhibitors on hand showcasing the best in current agricultural technology and products. Over 100,000 people from throughout the world visit the Expo annually.

The top private employers in the City are:

1. Saputo 913

2. Land O'Lakes 479

3. Haagen Dazs (formerly Nestlé Ice Cream Co.) 300

4. Kraft USA Tulare 250

5. Walmart 225

6. Southern California Edison 199
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-2
514
2022 Tulare County MJLHMP - Annex F City of Tulare

7. United States Cold Storage 148

8. Ruan, Inc. 117

9. Morris Levin & Sons Hardware 84

10. J.D. Heiskell Company 62
Land use: The existing land uses include 5, 116 acres of residential, 1,667 acres of commercial, 1,781 acres of industrial, 347 acres of Parks and Recreation, and 1,625 acres of Public facilities. Based upon State and regional demographic data, it is likely that Tula re could grow at an average annual growth rate between

1.4 and 1.7 percent over the next 20 years.

Tulare is becoming a regional commercial center due to the Tulare Outlet Center and proximity to State Route 99. Tulare has access to a wide range of goods, services and shopping centers. Tulare's downtown features various gift shops, custom -made clothing stores, florists and antique shops, restaurants, banks, service stations and other businesses. The Tulare Outlet Center is located on Hwy 99, and is the only large outlet center within a 1 1/2 hour driving radius. The Center is 226,413 sq. ft. encompassing over 50 brand name outlets, a ten-screen movie theatre and restaurants.

The City has four industrial parks, at an estimated 1,200 acres zoned for light to heavy industries. Parcel sizes range from 1 acre to 195 acres, and are mostly improved. Terrain is flat with good drainage, while subsoil is sandy and piling is not required. Most sites are adjacent to the 99 Freeway and Union Pacific rail.

Figure F-2 provides a land use map of Tulare.

Development trends: Since 2006, Tulare has successfully annexed o ver 1,345 acres of land into the City .

The State DOF estimated Tulare had a population of 69, 462 in January 2022. Tulare finds itself becoming an urbanized city with an ex panding population. Despite a slower pace of development compared to the average ann ual growth rate from 1990 through 2010 of 2.9 percent, the City expects to add 12,642 residents over the next 13 years at an average annual growth rate of 1.4 percent. The original projections in the City’s General Plan horizon year of 2035 relied on a an average annual growth rate of 2.1%, so the City has been planning to accommodate a larger growth in population than what has been occurring between 2010-2022.

Development in hazard prone areas:

Because population growth was less than two percent per year since approval of the 2017 MJLHMP, there has been no development in hazard prone areas that has affected overall vulnerability of the County.

Development that did occur, was primarily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-3
515
Annex F - City of Tulare
The new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard impacts the entire City.

Development in the City, the State and globally with increased carbon emissions will result in increasing overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

F.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Hazards: Tulare faces many of the hazards that are present in the County. Table F-1 below provides a summary of hazards. There are no hazards that are unique to Tulare. Dam inundation is a particularly extensive hazard to the City. Both Terminus and Success Dams may inundate Tulare resulting in an overall potential inundation area of the entire City. Hazards in the City wit h unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude and low significance were not included. These include wild fire, earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest and terrorism/cyber terrorism.

Table F–1: Tulare Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Location Climate Change Highly
likely
Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Dam Failure Unlikely Extensive Catastrophic High Map B-17 depicts Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly
Likely
Extensive Critical High Entire City
Fire Unlikely Limited Limited Low Entire City
Floods Highly
Likely
Limited limited Low Map B-16 depicts
Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Pandemic and Vector Borne
Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms and
High Winds
Highly
Likely
Significant Limited Medium Entire City
Guidelines for Hazard Rankings
Frequency of Occurrence:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude: Significance (subjective):

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected low, medium, high Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-4
516
Annex F - City of Tulare
F.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
The intent of this section is to assess Tulare’s vulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a whole, which has already been assessed in Section 5.3 Risk Assessment in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, property, and other assets vulne rable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole, see Section 5 of the base plan.

Infrastructure and Values at Risk:

The fol lowing data was provided by the Director of City Services. This data should only be used as a guideline to determining overall values in the City as the information has some limitations. Generally, the land itself is not a loss. Table F-2 shows the 2016 inventory for the City.

Table F-2: Tulare 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Activity Center Building/
Community Center Building
830 Blackstone 1,311,799;
2,515,445
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Alice Topham Park 85 W. Tulare Avenue 152,222 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Bender Park 1855 W. Pleasant Avenue 126,065,
149,630
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Blain Park 2300 North M Street 121,704,
76,294
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Centennial Park 900 North H Street 99,906 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Cesar Chavez Memorial Park 900 E. Bardsley Avenue 122,917; 61,995;
80,773
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #1 At Paige Avenue Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #2 At Paige Avenue Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #3 0.25 mi N of Paige Avenue Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #4 At Mooney Blvd Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #5 North of D109A Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Hall 411 Kern Avenue 11,530,028 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Cypress Park 1610 E. Cypress 91,311;
125,582
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Del Lago Park 1700 N. Laspina 164,091;
164,091;
51,170;
51,170;
51,170;
227,572;
54,010
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station #61 800 S. Blackstone St. 733,269;
2,027,225;
2,851,350
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station #62 138 North E St. 1,047,195 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Fire Station #63 2900 North M St. 1,733,540 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Hillman Healthcare Center 1062 S. K St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-5
517
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-2: Tulare 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Lift Station K St. & Goodin 156,780 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Mooney & Foster 75,870 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station West & Sonora 134,972 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Alpine & Spruce 149,760 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Inyo & West 127,866 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Retherford Drive & Hillman 150,518 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station J St. & Mitchell 121,356 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Kraft & South USA 151,449 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Mt. Melvin & Academy 142,245 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Sierra 150,726 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Cross & West 134,750 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Beaumont & Lamar 141,099 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station West & Pleasant 141,952 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station F St. & Pleasant 142,245 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Merrit & Cherry 147,694 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station M St. & Prosperity 147,694 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station M St. & Washington 133,483 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Live Oak Park 600 N. Laspina 60,552 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Parkwood Meadows Park Oakwood and E Street 110,706 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Police Station and HVAC 260 South M St. 5,305,807 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Prosperity Sports Park
Clubhouse/Restrooms
846 W. Prosperity 1,359,332 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Public Works Corporation Yard 3981 South K Street 182,081; 1,476,815;
697,826;
1,160,119;
435,943;
3,608,016;
159,758;
14,653;
1,825,096
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain,
Dam Flood, Fog
Recreation Center-Tulare Youth
Community
948 North H St. 5,829,533 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Senior Center Building 201 North F St. 2,505,727 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Soccer Complex Concession &
Restroom
5700 S. Laspina 180,924 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Transit Center Building 360 North K St. 370,268;
17,438
Earthquake, Fog
Tulare Municipal Airport Rankin Avenue 60,552;
1,808,573;
871,434;
780,852;
605,499;
605,499;
605,499
Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain,
Fog
Tulare Public Library, City Council
Chamber
475 North M St. 20,207,321 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-6
518
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-2: Tulare 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Tulare Regional Medical Center 869 N. Cherry St Unknown Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Tulare Station #3 Cartmill/M St Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Tyler Park 140 North E Street 64,442 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Waste Lift Station-Del Lago
Station Dry Well and Wet Well
Paseo Del Lago 220,314;
198,766
Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Wastewater Treatment Plant,
Pump Stations, Water Well,
Headworks, and Splitter Box
1875 South West St. 394,497,790 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well 1301 East Paige 68,017 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 2100 W Paige Avenue 94,766 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 1 C Street & San Joaquin 317,421 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 11 Sonora & U Street 397,617 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 12 Pleasant & I Street 332,374 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 13 Laspina & Kern 209,216 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 14 Olson west of South K St. 215,743 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 15 Cross west of Mooney 230,938 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 17 Continental & O Street 366,876 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 2 T Street & Sonora $119,223 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 20 Gem, north of Gail $69,533 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 22 Cherry St. south of
Prosperity
637,865 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 23 963 Cardoza $82,043 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 24 Laspina & Levin $108,434 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 25 Hwy 99 & Frontage 301,967 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 26 Pleasant & Denair 548,215 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 27 Blain Park 356,639 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 31 North Hillman 342,899 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 33 Gemini & Sonora 154,402 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 34 Cross & Delwood 237,242 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 35 Bardsley & Mooney 250,259 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 36 2690 Korbel Court 609,451 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 37 E. Side Mooney/Tulare
Avenue.
318,941 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 38 NE Corner Laspina/Santa
Fe Trails
318,941 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 39 Mooney & Palm Ranch 424,745 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 40 South E St and Lemonwood
Avenue
389,034 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 41 W.P.C.F. 2000 W Paige
Avenue
401,347 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 42 6096 Leonard Noel Drive 372,301 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 43 and # 44 2245 South Linwood Street
(COS Farm)
500,447; Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain,
Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 6 I Street & Inyo $170,359 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 8 O Street & Kern 390,062 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-7
519
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-2: Tulare 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value Hazard Vulnerability
Woman's Clubhouse 88 West Tulare 325,731 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Zumwalt Park 400 E. Tulare Avenue 172,569 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Critical Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table F-3 as critical facilities:

Table F-3: Tulare Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
City Bridge #1 At Paige Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #2 At Paige Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #3 0.25 mi N of Paige Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #4 At Mooney Blvd Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog City Bridge #5 North of D109A Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Hall 411 Kern Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station #61 800 S. Blackstone St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Fire Station #62 138 North E St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Fire Station #63 2900 North M St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Hillman Healthcare Center 1062 S. K St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station K St. & Goodin Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Mooney & Foster Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station West & Sonora Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Alpine & Spruce Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Inyo & West Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Retherford Drive & Hillman Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station J St. & Mitchell Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Kraft & South USA Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Mt. Melvin & Academy Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Sierra Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Cross & West Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Beaumont & Lamar Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station West & Pleasant Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station F St. & Pleasant Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station Merrit & Cherry Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station M St. & Prosperity Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Lift Station M St. & Washington Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Police Station and HVAC 260 South M St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Prosperity Sports Park
Clubhouse/Restrooms
846 W. Prosperity Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Public Works Corporation Yard 3981 South K Street Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Recreation Center-Tulare Youth
Community
948 North H St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Senior Center Building 201 North F St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Transit Center Building 360 North K St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Tulare Municipal Airport Rankin Avenue Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-8
520
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-3: Tulare Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Tulare Public Library, City Council
Chamber
475 North M St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Tulare Regional Medical Center 869 N. Cherry St Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Tulare Station #3 Cartmill/M St Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Waste Lift Station-Del Lago Station
Dry Well and Wet Well
Paseo Del Lago Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Wastewater Treatment Plant,
Pump Stations, Water Well,
Headworks, and Splitter Box
1875 South West St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well 1301 East Paige Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain,
Dam Flood, Fog
Well 2100 W Paige Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 1 C Street & San Joaquin Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 11 Sonora & U Street Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 12 Pleasant & I Street Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 13 Laspina & Kern Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 14 Olson west of South K St. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 15 Cross west of Mooney Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 17 Continental & O Street Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 2 T Street & Sonora Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 20 Gem, north of Gail Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 22 Cherry St. south of Prosperity Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 23 963 Cardoza Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 24 Laspina & Levin Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 25 Hwy 99 & Frontage Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 26 Pleasant & Denair Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 27 Blain Park Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 31 North Hillman Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 33 Gemini & Sonora Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 34 Cross & Delwood Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 35 Bardsley & Mooney Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 36 2690 Korbel Court Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Well # 37 E. Side Mooney/Tulare Avenue. Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 38 NE Corner Laspina/Santa Fe Trails Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 39 Mooney & Palm Ranch Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 40 South E St and Lemonwood Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 41 W.P.C.F. 2000 W Paige Avenue Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 42 6096 Leonard Noel Drive Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Well # 43 and # 44 2245 South Linwood Street (COS
Farm)
Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain,
Dam Flood, Fog
Vulnerabilities and Potential Losses:

A risk assessment determines the vulnerability of assets within the City by evaluating the inventory of City owned existing property and the population exposed to a hazard. A quantitative vulnerability assessment is limited to the exposure buildings, and infrastructures to the identified ha zards. This risk assessment includes only those hazards that are natural.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-9
521
Annex F - City of Tulare
Populations and Businesses at Risk
Residential population data for the City was obtained from the State of California Department of Finance E- 1 Population Estimates fo r Cities, Counties, and th e State — January 1, 2021/2022. The population is estimated to be 69,462 in an area of approximately 21 square miles. The estimat e is 21,700 residential units with a 2020 median value of $230,800. The most common employment sectors for those who live in Tulare are education al servic es, healthcare and social assistance , agricultu re, retail trade , and manufacturing.

Economic Risks
The backbone o f Tulare's economy is agricultural and the dairy industry. Tular e is responsible for a significant part of Tulare County's 342,600 dairy cows, which produce more than 8.9 billion pounds of milk each year. The nation's largest single-site dairy complex, operated by Land O'Lakes, is located in Tulare.

The top private employers in the City are:

1. Saputo 913

2. Land O'Lakes 479

3. Haagen Dazs (formerly Nestlé Ice Cream Co.) 300

4. Kraft USA Tulare 250

5. Walmart 225

6. Southern California Edison 199

7. United States Cold Storage 148

8. Ruan, Inc. 117

9. Morris Levin & Sons Hardware 84

10. J.D. Heiskell Company 62
Vulnerability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to include the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses calculated in Table F-4 used the best data currently available to produce an understanding of potential loss. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects on the buil t environment, and from the use of approximations that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-10
522
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-4: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

Dam Inundation
Impacts: Dam inundation is a particularly extensive hazard to the City. Both Terminus and Success Dams may inundate Tulare resulting in an overall potential inundation area of the entire City.

Costs: A rapid failure of Success or Terminus Dam would result in catastrophic loss of life and injury, and property loss. Map B-15 depicts the potential footprint for dam inundation. Specifics of the inundation curves are contained in the Dam Emergency Action Plans which are limited distribution documents. The potential injury and death from a short notice dam failure could be in the 10,000s. Total losses within the Tulare jurisdiction could exceed $1,000,000,000.

Drought
Impacts: Drought produces a variety of impacts that span many sectors of the economy. Reduced crops productivity; increased fire hazard; reduced water levels; increased livestock and wildlife mortality; and rationing are a few examples of direct impacts. These problems can result in increased prices for food and lumber, unemployment, reduced tax revenues, increased crime, and foreclosures on bank loans to farmers and businesses, and migration. Populations that rely on or are affected by a lack of water or annual rainfall are most directly affected by droughts. The City is dependent on imported water for most of its needs. During prolonged droughts, water rationing is possible resulting in potentially higher water costs and loss of private and public landscaping.

Costs: Potential costs from draught to the City and its communities are difficult to quantify and are dependent upon drought duration and severity. In addition to increased costs for water, prolonged drought may result in reduced property values, loss of tax revenues and migration, all of which will cause economic losses.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-11
523
Annex F - City of Tulare
Costs: Extreme heat results in increased electricity usage and additional health care costs. While additional power costs affect both commercial and residential properties, added health care costs impact individuals and families. Extreme heat may reduce economic activity if prolonged.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the City during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding.

Based upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Tulare:
• Climate Change
• Dam Inundation
• Drought
• Extreme heat
• Flood
These hazards which may impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities. In addition, these are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-12
524
Annex F - City of Tulare
F.4 CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
The reason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Tulare’s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

FEMA REGULATION CHECKLIST: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Capability Assessment
44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3): – The plan must include mitigation strategies based on the jurisdiction's “existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.” Elements
C1. Does the plan document the jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, program s and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3) C2. Does the Plan address the jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii) Source: FEMA, Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, March 2013.

Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9, Plan Maintenance.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-13
525
Annex F - City of Tulare
Planning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table F-5 Tulare Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
General Plan
2035
The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
 Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety Element.
 Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more specific guidance for the development of more specific areas.  Reviews private development projects and proposed capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan.  Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and C ode changes.

Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All Updated 2014 Planning
California
Building Code
Enforcement
The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California including housing, public buildings and maintenance facilities. Improved safety, sustainability, maintaining consistency, new technology and construction methods, and Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe winter
Regulatory
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-14
526
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-5 Tulare Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
reliability are paramount to the development of building codes during each Triennial and Intervening Code Adoption Cycle.

California’s building codes are published in their entirety every three (3) years. Amendments to California’s building standards are subject to a lengthy and transparent public participation process throughout each code adoption cycle. The California Seismic Safety Commission provides access to an array of regulatory and advisory information at:
http://www.seismic.ca.gov/cog.html
storm/high
winds
Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and construction management.

The MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP. As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Tulare section of the MJLHMP. Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

Dam Failure,
Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Landslides,
Levee failure,
Severe winter
storm/high
winds
Planning
Tulare County
Municipal
Service Review
(MSR)
MSRs are intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of service provision by each of the special districts and other service providers within the legislative authority of the (LAFCo) of a city. This analysis focuses on service providers within the City of Tulare and makes determinations in each area of evaluation. The MSR considers and makes recommendations based on the following information:
 Present and planned land uses in the area.
 Present and probable need for services in the area.

All Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-15
527
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-5 Tulare Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
 Present ability of each service provider to provide necessary services.
 The fiscal, management, and structural health of each service provider.
 The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area.

The MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Tulare related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding,
Regulatory
Emergency
Operations Plan
Describes what the local jurisdiction’s actions will be during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that describe in more detail the actions required of the local jurisdiction’s departments/agencies. Further, this plan describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and the coordination that occurs between the EOC and the local jurisdiction’s departments and other response agencies. Finally, this plan describes how the EOC serves as the focal point among local, state, and federal governments in times of disaster.

All Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-16
528
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-5 Tulare Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type
(Regulatory,
Administrative,
Technical, or
Financial) If
known
The MJLHMP will be used as an essential tool to update the City EOP. Cal OES requires that EOPs describe applicable hazards as part of the Plan.

Stormwater
Quality
Management
Program
(SWQMP) -
Storm
Water
Management
Plan
Describes measures that the local jurisdiction will take to minimize stormwater pollution. The SWQMP is required by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II regulations, which became effective in March 2003.

Flooding Planning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-17
529
Annex F - City of Tulare
Administrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table F-6: Tulare Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Engineer,
project
managers,
technical staff,
equipment
operators, and
construction
staff within
the Public
Works
Department.

All Technical
Engineers,
Inspectors,
Code
enforcement
officers, and
other
technical staff
within the
Tulare City
Fire
Department
Building
Inspections
Provides for building inspection and code certifications. Fire, Earthquake
Technical
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-18
530
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-6: Tulare Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
and Planning
Division
Floodplain
Administrator
Reviews and ensures that new development proposals do not increase flood risk, and that new developments are not located below the 100-year flood level. In addition, the Floodplain Administrator is responsible for planning and managing flood risk reduction projects throughout the local jurisdiction or tribal area.

All Technical
Fiscal: These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table F-7: Tulare Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Fund Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
General Obligation
Bonds
GO Bonds are appropriately used for the construction
and/or acquisition of improvements to real property
broadly available to residents and visitors. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, libraries, hospitals, parks, public safety facilities, and cultural and educational
facilities.

All Financial
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-19
531
Annex F - City of Tulare
Table F-7: Tulare Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Lease Revenue
Bonds
Funding
Lease revenue bonds are used to finance capital projects that (1) have an identified budgetary stream for
repayment (e.g., specified fees, tax receipts, etc.), (2) generate project revenue but rely on a broader pledge of general fund revenues to reduce borrowing costs, or (3) finance the acquisition and installation of equipment for the local jurisdiction’s general governmental purposes.

All Financial
Public-Private
Partnerships for
Economic and
Redevelopment
Includes the use of local professionals, business owners, residents, and civic groups and trade associations,
generally for the study of issues and the development of guidance and recommendations.

All Financial
Education and Outreach: Programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information or communications offices.

Table F-8: Tulare Education and Outreach Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2017 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare
County
Association
of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards. TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and possibilities and gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

All Education and Outreach
Tulare County
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March 2023
Annex F-20
532
Annex F - City of Tulare
Tulare
Website
http://www.t
ulare.ca.gov/
home and
other social
media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts.

The updated MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the planned is reviewed annually and new updates made,
information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-21
533
Table F-9: Tulare-Specific Mitigation Actions
No. Selected
(Y/N) Description Prioritization
Criteria
Facility to be
Mitigated (if
known)
Department
or Agency
Status
2 Y Integrate the Tulare
County HMP, in
particular the hazard
analysis and mitigation
strategy sections, into
local planning
documents, including
general plans, emergency
operations plans, and
capital improvement
plans.

A, B, D, E Updating EOC Planning
Division
Ongoing:

Mitigation
Action 9 in
2017 Plan.
3 Y Seismically retrofit or
replace public works
and/or emergency
response facilities that
are necessary during
and/or immediately after
a disaster or emergency.

A, B, D Fire Station 62
& 61
Tulare City Fire
Department
and Building
Inspection and
Planning
Division
Completed
Table F-10 Tulare - Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Construct a new storm water lift station at
Levin Ave and West St. The new lift station
will help relieve flooding citywide. The new
lift station will pump water into the retention
basin at the WWTP. Construction will be
coordinated with TID. This is priority 2 of the
new lift stations proposed.

Public Works $300,000 2
2-5
Y ears
2 Construct a new storm water lift station at
mid-stream on Levin Ave. Staff converted the
old dairy waste line to a storm drain line in
2015. A lift station is now needed to relieve
Public Works $300,000 1
2-5
Y ears
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534
the overflow at Bardsley and West. The new
lift station will pump water into the retention
basin at the WWTP. This is priority 1 of the
new lift stations proposed.
3 Install SCADA at storm water lift stations .

Project includes the initial cost of integration
into the existing SCADA system and
installation of SCADA at critical sites. Cost.

Public Works $375,000 Medium
One
year
4 Install portable generators to ensure function
of surface water lift stations during power
outage. Limit street flooding. Enable s lift
station operations during rain events and
lessen risk of street flooding.

Public Works $135,000 High
2-5
Y ears
5 Acquire t railer mounted trash pumps used
for pumping undeveloped roadside flooding
city wide. Enables removing localized
flooding from city streets.

Public Works $11,000. Low
One
year
6 Purchase and develop sites for groundwater
recharge basins. Additional property is
needed to construct new ponding basins
and/or recharge basins to collect rain and
nuisance water for HEP program recharge.

Public Works $1,000,000 Medium
2-5
Y ears
7 Integrate the Tulare County HMP, in
particular the hazard analysis and mitigation
strategy sections, into local planning
documents, including general plans,
emergency operations plans, and capital
improvement plans.

Planning Unknown Medium Ongoing
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex F-23
535
Annex G
City of Visalia
Visalia is situated in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, approximately 230 miles southeast of San Francisco, 190 miles north of Los Angeles, 36 miles and west of Sequoia National Park. It is the County seat of Tulare County. The city provides the following services:
• Public safety (police, fire protection, and private ambulance service) • Transportation
• Domestic water (provided through California Water Service Company) • Sanitary sewer treatment and disposal
• Solid waste collection
• Parks and recreation
Figu
re G-1 provides a map of Visalia.

Figu
re G–1: Visalia Map
Fo
unded in 1852, Visalia drew its livelihood from the gold mines of the Sierra foothills and the fertile Kaweah River Delta. The town of 500 became the Tulare County seat in 1853 but was governed by the Board of Supervisors until its incorporation in 1864. Through expansion in the farming, cattle ranching, Tulare County
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March 2023
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536
transportation, and trade, Visalia’s population continued to grow. By 1900, when Visalia became a main line stop on the Valley Railroad, it was home to over 3,000 residents. The Tulare County Farm Bureau formed in 1916, and in 1940 established the first stockyards of its kind in the region at its present location.

G.1 COMMUNITY P ROFILE
G
eography and Climate: The City has an area of approximately 36.25 square miles. The city is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 330 feet above sea level. Visalia’s climate can be described as dry Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Visalia are typical of that of the rest of the valley floor portion of the County.

Government: The City, founded in 1852 and incorporated in 1874, operates under the Council -Manager form of government. The City Council provides policy direction to the City Manager, who is responsible for administering City operations. Visalia voters, at large, elect a five -member Council to serve as the City's legislative and governing body. The members serve four-year terms, and they select one member to serve as mayor and one to serve as vice-mayor. A general municipal election is held every two years in November, alternating, between two and three positions each cycle.

The Council is also responsible for establishing land use policies through the General Plan and zoning regulations. The city is a Charter City as opposed to a General Law City. The City Charter is a written document approved by the electorate and acts as a "constitution" for the city . Amendments, revisions, and repeals of a charter are subject to the vote of the people.

Population and demographics: The population was 142,978 at the 2021 census update. The 2016 U.S.

Census reported that Visalia had a population of 131,074. The population density was 3,768.53 people per square mile as of 2021.

The racial makeup of Visalia was:
94,494 (66.09%) White
3,689 (2.58%) African American
1,430 (1.00%) Native American
9,065 (6.34%) Asian
86 (0.06%) Pacific Islander
120 (16.87%) from other races
10,094 (7.06%) from two or more races
The U.S. Census hasn’t reported for 2021 as of July of 2022. The total numbers and percentages have remained the same, since last report. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57, 222 persons (46 %). There were 43,867 households, out of which 15,243 (40.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them,

20.999 (55.3%) were married couples living together, 4,926 (13%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2328 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. 8,280 households (21.8%) were made up of individuals living alone and 2,892 households (7.6%) had someone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02. There were 28,253 families (74.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.56.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
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537
Housing: There were 46,139 housing units at an average density of 1238.4 per square mile (350.2/km²), of which 25,950 (59.2%) were owner -occupied and 17,917 ( 40.8%) were occupied by renters. The home vacancy rate was 6.3%.

Economy: Visalia serves as the region's economic center. Its economy is based on agriculture, especially grapes, olives, cotton, citrus, and nursery products. The area is regarded as one of the most productive agricultural regions in the nation. Livestock is also a significant element of the economy.

Visalia's economy is also powered by distribution and manufacturing facilities. Electronics and paper products are significant manufacturing sectors. In addition, Visalia is home to the region's largest convention center and meeting places. The primary areas of employment in Visalia are education, healthcare, government, agriculture, social assistance, manufacturing and accommodation, and food services. Management, professional and related occupations provide 32% of the jobs in Visalia. About 20% of the workforce is employed by the government. The City’s largest employers include Tulare County, Kaweah Delta Healthcare, College of the Sequoias, City of Visalia, and Visalia Unified School District.

Land use: Downtown Visalia remains the physical, cultural, and economic center of the city , hosting government offices, a major hospital, a convention center, and many unique shops and restaurants.

Predominantly single -family neighborhoods surround the core, with pockets of higher density housing dispersed throughout the city. Mooney Boulevard is a regional retail destination and hosts the College of the Sequoias. Significant industrial development has occurred on large parcels in the northwest quadrant of the city. Visalia’s waterways such as the St. Johns River along the city’s northeast edge and the network of creeks and canals are also important form -giving elements. Figure G–2 provides the City’s current zoning.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 3
538
Figure G-2: Land use and zoning
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
G-4
Annex G 4
539
Development trends: Historical population data and future projections have been obtained from the U.S.

Census Bureau and the California Department of Finance. For analysis purposes, this data is compared to other source data relating to growth and population including the City’s General Plan population projections. Historic and Projected Population Growth Table G–1 provides historic and projected population growth.

Table G–1: Visalia Historic and Projected Population Growth Year Tulare County Visalia % Of Total County
Population
1990 311,921 76,524 24.5%
2000 368,021 95,051 25.8%
2010 442,179 124,442 28.1%
2020 526,471 159,620 30.3%
Notes: 1) 1990 to 2010 population data based on U.S. Census Data 2) 2020 population projection based in 1990 to 2010 average annual growth rates Based on current data , Visalia experienced an average annual growth rate of 2.52% between 1990 and 2010. The recession of the late 2000s caused a reduction in population growth with California losing population between 2007 and 2010. The Central Valley added population at just less than 1% per year, and Visalia at 2.1 percent per year, during this period. The most recent California Department of Finance data shows a 1.3 percent change in population from January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2011. Using an annual average growth rate of 2.52% , results in a year 2020 population of approximately 159,620 and a 2025 population of approximately 180,778 compared to the year 2020 General Plan Land Use Element estimate of 165,000. Based upon these comparisons, estimates of the City’s population a t General Plan build -out are projected to occur by year 2020. According to the General Plan Update, the city will add 65,500 new residents over the next 20 years, a respective increase of 46 percent and 39 percent above existing levels.

Development in hazard prone areas:

Development that did occur, was prima rily infill in urban areas where vulnerabilities are well understood and described.

U
pdated dam inundation maps include a much larger area of the County. While little new development occurred in the expanded inundation zones, vulnerability to dam inundat ion increased substantially and now includes most of the most populace areas of the County. Updated dam inundation maps for the County and affected cities are included in Appendix B.

T
he new MJLHMP addresses the new hazard of climate change. This hazard i mpacts the entire City.

Development in the City, the State and globally with increased carbon emissions will result in increasing overall vulnerabilities to its impacts.

Tulare County
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March 2023
Annex G 5
540
G.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
H
azards: Visalia f aces many of the hazards that are present in the County. Table G-2 below provides a summary of hazards. There are no hazards that are unique to Visalia. Dam inundation is a particularly extensive hazard to the city. Both Terminus and Success Dams may inundate Visalia resulting in an overall potential inundation area of the entire City. Hazards in the City with unlikely frequency, limited extent, limited magnitude, and low significance were not included. These include wildfire, earthquake liquefaction - subsidence, civil unrest, and terrorism/cyber terrorism.

Table G-2: Visalia Summary of Hazards
Hazard Frequency Extent Magnitude Significance Location Climate Change Highly likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City Dam Failure Unlikely Extensive Catastrophic High Map B-6 depicts Drought Likely Extensive Catastrophic High Entire City
Earthquake: Shaking

Occasional Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Energy Emergency Occasional Extensive Critical Medium Entire City Extreme Heat Highly Likely Extensive Critical High Entire City Fire Unlikely Limited Limited Low Entire City
Floods Highly Likely Limited limited Low Map B-18 depicts Fog Likely Extensive Limited Low Entire City
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Limited Low Entire City Pandemic/Vector Borne
Disease
Likely Extensive Critical Medium Entire City
Severe Storms/High Winds Highly Likely Significant Limited Medium Entire City Gu
idelines for Hazard Rankings
Frequency of Occurrence:

Limited Less than 10% of planning area
Significant 10-50% of planning area
Extensive 50-100% of planning area
Potential Magnitude: Significance (subjective):

Catastrophic More than 50% of area affected low, medium, high Critical 25 to 50% of area affected
Limited 10 to 25% of area affected
Negligible Less than 10%
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 6
541
G.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
T
he intent of this section is to assess Visalia’s vulnerability separate from that of the Operational Area as a wh
ole, which has already been assessed in Section 5.3, Risk Assessment , in the base plan. This risk assessment analyzes the population, property, and other assets vulnerable to the hazards ranked of medium or high significance that may vary from other parts of the planning area. For more information about how hazards affect the County as a whole, see Section 5 of the base plan.

Inf
rastructure and Values at Risk:

The following data was provided by the City of Visalia staff. This data should only be used as a guideline to determine overall values in the city as the information has some limitations. Generally, the land itself is not a loss. Table G-3 shows the 2022 inventory for the city.

Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
Airline Terminal 9501 W. Airport Drive Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Anthony Community
Center/Provident Skate Park
345 N. Jacob $2,194,681 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Blain Park South Court and Parkview $371,913 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Cherry Meadow Park Pinkham and Cherry Street $554,112 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #1 0.8 mi N of SR 216 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #10 RD 136 @ Walnut Avenue
(288)
Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #11 0.1 mi N of SR 198 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #12 0.15 mi N of K Rd Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #13 Green Oaks Avenue Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #14 0.1 mi NE SR 198 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #15 0.15 mi N of SR 198 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #16 0.08 mi N of SR 198 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #2 0.45 mi N of Avenue 288 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #3 0.3 mi N of Avenue 288 Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #4 0.12 mi N of Avenue 280 Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 7
542
Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
City Bridge #5 1.1 mi W of Rd 140 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #6 0.4 mi SE od Avenue 304 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #7 0.25 mi N of SR 198 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #8 0.5 mi N of SR 216 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Bridge #9 0.5 mi E of 63 Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Hall East 315 E. Acequia $364,102 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Transit Office 425 E. Oak Avenue $1,692,904 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
City Hall West 707 W. Acequia Avenue. $626,618 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Combs Park La Vida and Crenshaw Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Constitution Park West Tulare and Crenshaw
Ct.

Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Convention Center 303 E. Acequia Avenue $22,547,179 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Creative Center 606 N. Bridge Street $21,176 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Crestwood Park S.W. County Center Drive
and Whitendale Avenue
$5,657 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fairview Community Center 2645 N. Conyer Street $240,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fairview Park Wren Drive and N. Highland
St
$584,290 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station 51 309 S. Johnson St. $10,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station 52 2224 W. Monte Vista Ave $4,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Airport Admin Building 801 Hangars Way $734,016 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station 54 440 W. Ferguson St. $4,000,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station 55/Fire Training
Facility
6291 W. Ferguson St. $10,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Houk Park S. Woodland & Dartmouth $48,694 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Ice House Theater 410 E. Race Avenue. $189,322 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 8
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Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
Jefferson Park S. Watson Street and W.

Myrtle Avenue
$87,554 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Kaweah Delta District Hospital 400 W. Mineral King Avenue Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station 3037 E. Noble $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Ben Maddox and St. John’s $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Ben Maddox and Walnut $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Bradley and St. John’s $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Buena Vista and St. John’s $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Burke and Murray $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Caldwell and Jacob $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Chinowth and 198 $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Chinowth and Caldwell $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Chinowth and Walnut $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Cotta and Tulare $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Court $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Crenshaw and COS Farm $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Demaree and 198 $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Demaree and Victor $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Fairview Park and 63 $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Ferguson and 63 $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station John Combs Park $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Julieann and Feemster $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Library $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Linwood and Evans Ditch $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
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March 2023
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Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
Lift Station Mill Creek Park $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and
Modoc
$60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and
Packwood
$60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Pinkham and Tulare $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Flood, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Sowell and Feemster $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station SR-198 and Road 76 $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station St. John’s and Norman $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Tulare and Roeben $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Walnut and County Center $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lift Station Walnut and Savannah $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lincoln Oval Park/Oval Building N. Court and N.W. 2nd $272,042 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Lion’s Park 6500 W. Ferguson Avenue Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Main Street Theater (Enchanted
Playhouse)
301 E. Main Street Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Manuel Hernandez Community
Center
247 W. Ferguson Avenue $610,636 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Mayors Park N. Hall Avenue and W. Main
Street
$24,365 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Memorial Park N. Hall Avenue and W. Main
Street
$17,430 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Mill Creek Garden N. Lovers Lane and Millcreek
Parkway
Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Pinkham Park S. Pinkham Street and E.

Tulare Avenue.
$47,040 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Plaza Park 700 S. Plaza Parkway $1,422,445 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Police - Headquarters 303 S. Johnson St $10,000,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Police District One 204 NW 3rd Avenue $4,407,799 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Police District Two 4100 S. County Center Drive $5,179,230 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Police Gun Range 7398 Avenue 328 $91,160 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
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Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
Rawhide Ballpark 300 N. Giddings St. $14,143,362 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Rec Center (PAL) & Former
Caltrans Maintenance Yard
701 E. Race Avenue Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Recreation Park N. Jacob and W. Center $41,486 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Repeater Site 115 W. Murray Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Repeater Site 1717 N. McAuliff Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Repeater Site 9000 W. Airport Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Repeater Site Giddings north of Mineral
King
Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
River Bend Park N. Court Street & W. Wren
Avenue
$436,520 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Riverway Sports Park 3611 North Dinuba Blvd $15,589,715 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog Rotary Park S. Divisadero & Harvard $5,657 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Ruiz Park 639 E. Buena Vista Avenue $16,045 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Senior Center 310 N. Locust Street $390,919 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Seven Oaks Park E. Tulare Avenue and S.

Edison Street
$529,669 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Airport Plaza $100,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Border Links and Ranch
Road
$60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Demaree and Pryor $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Effie and Camp $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Evergreen and Linda Vista $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Golf Course $80,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Mary and County Center $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Mill Creek and Main $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and 272 $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Fog
Sewer Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and
Sunnyside
$60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
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March 2023
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Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
Sewer Lift Station Shirk and 198 $60,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sewer Lift Station St. John’s and Modoc $60,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Shannon 1 Park N. Mendonca Street and W.

Tyler Avenue
$98,874 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Shannon 2 Park W. Jerome Avenue and N.

Carson Street
$98,874 Earthquake, Dam Flood, Fog
Corporation Yard / Solid Waste –
Admin, Warehouse, Shop, and
Cain Building
336 N Ben Maddox Way $50,000,000 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Soroptimist Park Linwood and W. Prospect
Avenue
Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
SPCA 29016 Highway 99 Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Stonebrook Park W. Hemlock Avenue and
Martin Street
$154,985 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Summers Park Summers Park N. and N.

Court Street
$46,108 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Sunset Park W. Monte Verde Avenue
and Lisendra Drive
$36,754 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Transit Maintenance Facility 525 N Cain $10,176,794 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Valley Oak Golf Course 1800 S. Plaza Drive Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Visalia Municipal Airport 9501 W. Airport Drive $5,941,613 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Wastewater Treatment Plant 7579 Avenue 288 $250,000,000 Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
West Main Park Mill Creek Drive and W.

Main Street
Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Whitendale Park & Community
Center
630 W. Beech Avenue $233,058 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Willow Glen Park N Akers St. and Hurley
Avenue
$48,060 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Wittman Village Park North Court & Pearl Unknown Earthquake, 100-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Wittman Village Park &
Community Center
317 Pearl St. $75,204 Earthquake, 100-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Woodland Park 1701 N. Woodland $399,156 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood, Fog
Fire Station 53 5025 W. Walnut Ave $4,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood
City Hall North / City Admin 220 N. Santa Fe Unknown Earthquake, 500-Year Floodplain, Dam Flood
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Critical Facilities: The City has identified the following infrastructure in Table G-4 as critical facilities:

Table G-4: Visalia Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Airline Terminal 9501 W. Airport Drive Unknown
City Bridge #1 0.8 mi N of SR 216 Unknown
City Bridge #10 RD 136 @ Walnut Avenue (288) Unknown
City Bridge #11 0.1 mi N of SR 198 Unknown
City Bridge #12 0.15 mi N of K Rd Unknown
City Bridge #13 Green Oaks Avenue Unknown
City Bridge #14 0.1 mi NE SR 198 Unknown
City Bridge #15 0.15 mi N of SR 198 Unknown
City Bridge #16 0.08 mi N of SR 198 Unknown
City Bridge #2 0.45 mi N of Avenue 288 Unknown
City Bridge #3 0.3 mi N of Avenue 288 Unknown
City Bridge #4 0.12 mi N of Avenue 280 Unknown
City Bridge #6 0.4 mi SE od Avenue 304 Unknown
City Bridge #7 0.25 mi N of SR 198 Unknown
City Bridge #8 0.5 mi N of SR 216 Unknown
City Bridge #9 0.5 mi E of 63 Unknown
City Hall East 315 E. Acequia Avenue $364,102
City Transit Office 425 E. Oak Avenue $1,692,904
City Hall West 707 W. Acequia Avenue $626,618
Convention Center 303 E. Acequia Avenue $22,547,179
Creative Center 606 N. Bridge Street $21,176
Crestwood Park S.W. County Center Drive and
Whitendale Avenue
$5,657
Fairview Community Center 2645 N. Conyer Street $240,000 Fairview Park Wren Drive and N. Highland St $584,290
Fire Station 51 309 S. Johnson St. $10,000,000
Fire Station 52 2224 W. Monte Vista Ave $4,000,000
Airport Admin Building 901 Hangars Way $734,016
Fire Station 54 440 W. Ferguson Ave $4,000,000
Fire Station 55/Fire Training Facility 6291 W. Ferguson Ave $10,000,000 Kaweah Delta District Hospital 400 W. Mineral King Ave Unknown Lift Station 3037 E. Noble $42,285
Lift Station Ben Maddox and St. John’s $42,285
Lift Station Ben Maddox and Walnut $42,285
Lift Station Bradley and St. John’s $42,285
Lift Station Buena Vista and St. John’s $42,285
Table G-3: Visalia 2022 Asset Inventory
Name Address Value (2022
values are
included where
provided)
Hazard Vulnerability
Fire Administration / Police & Fire
Dispatch Center / Primary EOC/
Information Services Center /
Traffic Management (VECC)
420 N Burke St $20,000,000 Earthquake, 500-Year
Floodplain, Dam Flood
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Table G-4: Visalia Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Lift Station Burke and Murray $42,285
Lift Station Caldwell and Jacob $42,285
Lift Station Chinowth and 198 $42,285
Lift Station Chinowth and Caldwell $42,285
Lift Station Chinowth and Walnut $42,285
Lift Station Cotta and Tulare $42,285
Lift Station Court $62,285
Lift Station Crenshaw and COS Farm $42,285
Lift Station Demaree and 198 $42,285
Lift Station Demaree and Victor $42,285
Lift Station Fairview Park and 63 $42,285
Lift Station Ferguson and 63 $42,285
Lift Station John Combs Park $42,285
Lift Station Julieann and Feemster $42,285
Lift Station Library $42,285
Lift Station Linwood and Evans Ditch $42,285
Lift Station Mill Creek Park $42,285
Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and Modoc $42,285
Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and Packwood $42,285
Lift Station Pinkham and Tulare $42,285
Lift Station Sowell and Feemster $42,285
Lift Station SR-198 and Road 76 $42,285
Lift Station St. John’s and Norman $42,285
Lift Station Tulare and Roeben $42,285
Lift Station Walnut and County Center $42,285
Lift Station Walnut and Savannah $42,285
Police - Headquarters 303 S. Johnson St $10,000,000
Police District One 204 NW 3rd Avenue $4,407,799
Police District Two 4100 S. County Center Drive $5,179,230 Police Gun Range 7398 Avenue 328 $91,160
Rawhide Ballpark 300 N. Giddings St. $14,143,362
Rec Center (PAL) & Former Caltrans
Maintenance Yard
701 E. Race Avenue Unknown
Repeater Site 115 W. Murray Unknown
Repeater Site 1717 N. McAuliff Unknown
Repeater Site 9000 W. Airport Unknown
Repeater Site Giddings north of Mineral King Unknown
Senior Center 310 N. Locust Street $390,919
Sewer Lift Station Airport Plaza $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Border Links and Ranch Road $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Demaree and Pryor $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Effie and Camp $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Evergreen and Linda Vista $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Golf Course $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Mary and County Center $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Mill Creek and Main $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and 272 $42,285
Sewer Lift Station Mooney Boulevard and Sunnyside $42,285 Tulare County
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Table G-4: Visalia Critical Facilities
Facility Address Value
Sewer Lift Station Shirk and 198 $42,285
Sewer Lift Station St. John’s and Modoc $42,285
Corporation Yard / Solid Waste –
Admin, Warehouse, Shop, and Cain
Building
336 N Ben Maddox Way $141,579
Transit Maintenance Facility 525 N Cain $10,176,794
Visalia Municipal Airport 9501 W. Airport Drive $5,941,613 Wastewater Treatment Plant 7579 Avenue 288 $55,057,784
Fire Station 53 5025 W. Walnut Ave $4,000,000
City Hall North / City Admin 220 N. Santa Fe
Fire Administration / Police & Fire
Dispatch Center / Primary EOC/
Information Services Center /
Traffic Management (VECC)
420 N Burke St $20,000,000
Vul
nerabilities and Potential Losses:

A risk assessment determines the vulnerability of assets within the City by evaluating the inventory of City owned existing property and the population exposed to a hazard. A quantitative vulnerability assessment is limited to the exposure buildings, and i nfrastructures to the identified hazards. This risk assessment includes only those hazards that are natural.

Populations and Businesses at Risk
Residential population data for the County was obtained from the State of California Department of Finance E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 20 21/2022. The population is
estimated to be 142,091 in an area of square miles. The estimate is 46,139 residential units with a 2021 median value of $ 264,700. The most common employment sectors for those who live in Visalia are government, agriculture, retail trade, and manufacturing.

E
conomic Risks
Visalia serves as the region's economic center. Its economy is based on agriculture, especially grapes, olives, cotton, citrus, and nursery products. The area is regarded as one of the most productive agricultural regions in the nation. Livestock is also a significant element of the economy.

According to the Visalia Economic Development Corporation, the top employers in the city are, Tulare County, Kaweah Delta Medical Center, College of the Sequoias, Family Healthcare Network, City of Visalia, Visalia Unified School District, VF Outdoors, International Paper, and Visalia Medical Clinic.

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Vulnerability and Potential Losses
FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards to include the number of potential structures impacted by the hazards and the total potential costs. The analysis of potential losses calculated in Table G-4 used the best data currently available to produce an understanding of potential loss. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties in any loss estimation method, resulting from lack of scientific study and the exact result of hazard effects on the built environment, and from the use of approximations that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis.

Table G-4: Summary of Vulnerabilities and Potential Loss Hazard Type Impacts/Costs
Climate Change
Impacts: Climate change will cause multiple effects to infrastructure and community public health.

Warmer weather associated with climate change will result in more heat related illness. Drier weather will place increasing demands on imported and well water and may lead to long lasting draughts that result in water rationing.

0.7 percent of its Gross Domestic Product, with each degree of warming costing more than the last.

Dam Inundation
Impacts: Dam inundation is a particularly extensive hazard to the city. Both Terminus and Success Dams may inundate Visalia resulting in an overall potential inundation area of the entire City.

Costs: A rapid failure of Success or Terminus Dam would result in catastrophic loss of life and injury, and property loss. Map B-6 depicts the potential footprint for dam inundation. Specifics of the inundation curves are contained in the Dam Emergency Action Plans which are a limited distribution document. The potential injury and death from a short notice dam failure could be in the 10,000s. Total losses within the Visalia jurisdiction could exceed $2,000,000,000.

Drought
Impacts: Drought produces a variety of impacts that span many sectors of the economy. Reduced crops productivity; increased fire hazard; reduced water levels; increased livestock and wildlife mortality; and rationing are a few examples of direct impacts. These problems can result in increased prices for food and lumber, unemployment, reduced tax revenues, increased crime, and foreclosures on bank loans to farmers and businesses, and migration. Populations that rely on or are affected by a lack of water or annual rainfall are most directly affected by droughts. The city is dependent on imported water for most of its needs. During prolonged draughts, water rationing is possible resulting in potentially higher water costs and loss of private and public landscaping.

Costs: Potential costs from draught to the City and its communities are difficult to quantify and are dependent upon draught duration and severity. In addition to increased costs for water, prolonged Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
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draught may result in reduced property values, loss of tax revenues and migration, all of which will cause economic losses.

Flood
Impacts: Flooding occurs in the city during periods of heavy rain due to inadequate drainage. The flat geography also contributes to ponding.

B
ased upon previously occurring incidents and the risk assessment, the following hazards are most likely to affect Visalia:
• C
limate Change
• Dam Inundation
• Drought
• Extreme heat
• Flood
T
hese hazards which may impact agriculture, the economic driver of the city, represent critical vulnerabilities. In addition, these are hazards that represent vulnerabilities to infrastructure.

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G.4 CAPABILITIES A SSESSMENT
Th
e reason for conducting a capability assessment is to identify Visalia’s capacity to successfully implement mitigation activities. Understanding internal and external processes, resources and skills forms the basis of implementing a successful HMP. Understanding strengths and weaknesses also helps ensure that goals and objectives are realistic and attainable.

Th
e planning team assessed the City’s capabilities that contribute to the reduction of long -term vulnerabilities to hazards. The capabilities include authorities and policies, such as legal and regulatory resources, staff, and fiscal resources. Staff resources include technical personnel such as planners/engineers with knowledge of development and land management practices and an understanding of natural or human-caused hazards. The planning team also considered ways to expand on and improve existing policies and programs with the goal of integrating hazard mitigation into the day-to- day activities and programs of the City. In carrying out the capability assessment, several areas were examined:
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical resources
• Fiscal resources including grants, mutual aid agreements, operating funds, and access to funds • Technical and staff resources to assist in implementing/overseeing mitigation activities • Previous and Ongoing Mitigation Activities
FEMA REGULATION CHECKLIST: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Capability Assessment
44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3): – The plan must include mitigation strategies based on the jurisdiction's “existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.” Elements
C1. Does the plan document the jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3) C2. Does the Plan address the jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii) Source: FEMA, Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, March 2013.

Note: For coverage of Elements C3 – C5, see Section 8, Mitigation Strategies. For coverage of Element C6, see Section 9, Plan Maintenance.

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Planning and Regulatory Capabilities: These include local ordinances, policies, and laws to manage growth and development. Examples include land use plans, capital improvement plans, transportation plans, emergency preparedness and response plans, building codes and zoning ordinances.

Table G–5: Visalia Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
General Plan The City’s General Plan provides a policy base to guide future growth within the City. It was created by planners, engineers, and technical staff with knowledge of land development, land management practices, as well as human-caused and natural hazards. The General Plan:
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety Element.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more specific guidance for the development of mor
e
s
pecific areas.
• Reviews private development projects and proposed
capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan.
• Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.
• Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All Planning
California
Building Code
Enforcement
The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California including housing, public buildings, and maintenance facilities. Improved Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Severe
Regulatory
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safety, sustainability, maintaining consistency, new t echnology and construction methods, and reliability are paramount to the development of building codes during each Triennial and Intervening Code Adoption Cycle.

California’s building codes are published in their entirety every three (3) years. Amendments to California’s building standards are subject to a lengthy and transparent public participation process throughout each code adoption cycle. The California Seismic Safety Commission provides access to an array of regulatory and advisory information at: https://ssc.ca.gov winter
storm/high
winds Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
The City’s CIP provides a foundation and planning tool to assist in the orderly acquisition of municipal facilities and to assure that service needs for the future are met. The CIP provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and
construction management.

The MJLHMP will be used to select potential projects for the CIP.

As the CIP is updated, additional mitigation measures will be analyzed and included in the Visalia section of the MJLHMP.

Funding for CIP projects identified in the MJLHMP will be reviewed for mitigation grant program eligibility.

Dam Failure,
Earthquake,
Fire, Floods,
Landslides,
Levee failure,
Severe
winter
storm/high
winds
Planning
Municipal
Service
Review (MSR)
MSRs are intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of service provision by each of the special districts and other service providers within the legislative authority of the (LAFCo) of a city. This analysis focuses on service providers within the City of Visalia and makes determinations in each area of evaluation. The MSR considers and makes recommendations based on the following information:
• Present and planned land uses in the area.
• Present and probable need for services in the area.
• Present ability of each service provider to provide
necessary services.
• The fiscal, management, and structural health of each s
ervice provider.
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area
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Visalia Urban
Water
Management
Plan
The Urban Water Management Plan is required by California Water Code §10644(a) requires urban water suppliers to file with the Department of Water Resources (DWR), the California State Library, and any City or County within which the supplier provides water supplies, a copy of its Urban Water Management Plan. UWMP’s are to be prepared every five years by urban water suppliers with 3,000 or more service connections or supplying 3,000 or more acre-feet of water per year.

T
he purpose of this UWMP is to be a baseline document and source of information for DWR and to serve as:
• A short- and long-range planning document for water
supply.
• Data source for the development of a regional water supply plan,
• A source document for the City of Visalia in preparing updated General Plans, and
• A key component of an Integrated Regional Water
Management Plan
Climate
change,
Drought
2012 Planning
Emergency
Operations
Plan (revised
2017)
Describes what the local jurisdiction’s actions will be during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that describe in more detail the actions required of the local jurisdiction’s departments/agencies. Further, this plan describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and the coordination that occurs between the EOC and the local jurisdiction’s departments and other response agencies. Finally, this plan describes how the EOC serves as the focal point among local, state, and federal governments in times of disaster.

All Regulatory
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Other City
Code of
Ordinances
The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum
requirements to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy conservation, and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment; to regulate and control the demolition of all buildings and structures, and for related purposes.

The MJLHMP will provide both hazard descriptions and
mitigation actions that may address energy conservation, fire protection and development in hazard prone areas. The maps of Visalia related hazards will be used to augment other mapping products to protect public health and safety when updating City Code.

Earthquake,
Fire,
Flooding
Regulatory
Fire
Department
Master Plan
The purpose of this plan is to guide the city regarding maintaining levels of service and account for the impact of future growth.

All Planning
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Administrative and Technical: These capabilities include community (including public and private) staff and their skills and tools used for mitigation planning and implementation. They include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, and floodplain managers.

Table G–6: Visalia Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City Public
Works
Department
Maintains and operates a wide range of local equipment and facilities as well as aids members of the public. Services include providing sufficient potable water, reliable wastewater services, street maintenance, storm drainage systems, street cleaning, streetlights, and traffic signals.

All Technical
City
Engineering
Development
Services
Department
• Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety Element.
• Develops area plans based on the General Plan, to provide more specific guidance for the development of mor
e
s
pecific areas.
• Reviews private development projects and proposed
capital improvements projects and other physical projects involving property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan.
• Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans, policies, and Code changes.
• Applies the approved plans, policies, code provisions, and other regulations to proposed land uses.

All Technical
City
Development
Services
Department
Provides direct or contract civil, structural, and mechanical engineering services, including contract, project, and
construction management.

All Technical
Tulare County
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Table G–6: Visalia Administrative and Technical Capabilities Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
City Fire
Department
Maintains and updates the Emergency Operations Plan and coordinates local response and relief activities within the Emergency Operation Center. Works closely with County, State, and Federal partners to support planning and training and to provide information and coordinate assistance.

All Technical
F
iscal: These capabilities include general funds, property sales, bonds, development impact fees, or other fees.

Table G–7: Visalia Fiscal Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Visalia
General Fund
Program operations and specific projects. All Financial, Financial Services Department
Visalia
General
Obligation
(GO) Bonds
GO Bonds are appropriately used for the construction and/or acquisition of improvements to real property broadly available to residents and visitors. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, libraries, hospitals, parks, public safety facilities, and cultural and educational facilities.

All Financial, Financial Services
Department
Lease
Revenue
Bonds
Lease revenue bonds are used to finance capital projects that (1) have an identified budgetary stream for repayment (e.g., specified fees, tax receipts, etc.), (2) generate project revenue but rely on a broader pledge of general fund revenues to reduce borrowing costs, or (3) finance the acquisition and installation of equipment for the local jurisdiction’s general governmental purposes.

All Financial, Financial Services
Department
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E
ducation and Outreach: Programs in place such as fire safety programs, hazard awareness campaigns, public information, or communications offices.

Table G-8: Visalia Education and Outreach Capabilities
Name Description (Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Hazards
Addressed
Updated since
2010 (if yes,
identify parts
applicable to
mitigation)
Capability Type (Regulatory,
Administrative, Technical, or
Financial) If known
Tulare County
Association of
Governments
(TCAG)
TCAG is committed to improving the quality of life for
residents and visitors throughout the County. They address traffic congestion, coordinate regional transit programs to make getting around easy and convenient, work to improve air quality and strive to continue to meet national standards.

TCAG addresses current and future rail needs and
possibilities and gathers data which is used by the census and the public to properly forecast housing and transit needs.

All Education and Outreach
Visalia Website
http://www.visal
ia.city and other
social media
Provides easily accessible conduit to information about planning and zoning, permits and applications and programs that address hazard mitigation such as clean energy efforts.

The updated MJLHMP will be posted to City media sites. As the planned is reviewed annually and new updates made,
information on the planning process will be included on web sites and announced on social media.

All Education and Outreach
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G.5 MITIGATION STRATEGY
Table G-9 lists the City of Visalia’s specific mitigation actions from the 2017 Plan and provides their status.

Table G-9 Visalia - Specific Mitigation Actions
No. Selected
(Y/N)
Description Prioritization
Criteria
Facility to
be
Mitigated (if

Department
or Agency
Status
1 Y Improve our GIS for use as a pre-
application tool for new
construction and major remodels
of residential and/or non-
residential structures located in
special flood hazard areas.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Ongoing. New
mitigation
action 3.

2 Y Integrate the Tulare County HMP,
the hazard analysis and mitigation
strategy sections, into local
planning documents, including
general plans, emergency
operations plan, and capital
improvement plans.

A, B, C, D, E Citywide Community
Development
and Fire
Department

Ongoing. New
mitigation
action 9.

3 Y Develop a public outreach program
that informs property owners
located in the dam or levee
inundation areas about voluntary
flood insurance.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Deferred due
to need to
map and
evaluate
levees.

4 Y Develop strategies and action plans
to address any floodplain
management issues that have
arisen or will arise from FEMA
and/or DWR regarding the
countywide DFIRM update,
Community Assessment Visits, or
other floodplain related activities.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Completed
5 Y Increase participation in the NFIP
by improving the Community
Rating System classification level
for the community through
enhanced floodplain management
activities would allow property
owners to receive a discount on
their flood insurance.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Completed
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6 Y Relocate the EOC from the
basement of the Public Safety
Building to Fire Station 55.

Relocation will reduce flooding risk
and improve operational
functionality.

A, B, C, D, E EOC Fire
Department
Completed
7 Y Implement citywide drainage basin
management program that
includes an information database
and on-site tools for use by staff in
the management of drainage
basins during rainfall events.

A, B, C, D Drainage
basins
citywide
Community
Development
and Public
Works
Ongoing.

Included in
mitigation
action 4 in
new Plan.
8 Y Upgrade existing drainage basin
pumps citywide to best utilize
channel capacities and to increase
basin capacities.

A, B, C, D Drainage
basins
citywide
Public Works Cancelled.

Not required.
9 Y Increased capacity at the
McDermott Basin to increase the
level of protection for the west
side sunken portion of SR-198.

Additional excavation and overflow
spillway anticipated.

A, B, C, D McDermott
Basin
Community
Development
Not
completed.

Included in
mitigation
action 5 in
new Plan,
10 Y Increased capacity at the Goshen
Basin to increase the level of
protection. Basin converted from
retention basin to detention basin;
return storm drain flows to North
Mill Creek.

A, B, C, D Goshen
Basin
Administration
CIP
Engineering
Construction
completed in
2022
11 Y Engineering study of the existing
drainage systems in the Downtown
and Oval Park areas to determine
existing deficiencies and to
develop capital projects to
improve drainage and to reduce
direct flows into Mill Creek.

A, B, C, D Downtown
and Oval
Park area
drainage
system
Community
Development
and Public
Works
Completed.
12 Y Construct inflow and outflow
structures at the Oaks Basin
located on Mill Creek upstream of
the city to provide functional
operation of this upstream lay-off
basin. Oaks Basin is also being
enlarged to increased flood lay-off
capacity and decrease flooding in
Downtown Area.

A, B, C, D Citywide
Administration
CIP
Engineering
Construction
completed in
2022
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13 Y Acquire land upstream and
develop storm water layoff basins
for Packwood Creek, Mill Creek,
and Evans Ditch to reduce flooding
from the 1% annual chance flood.

A, B, C, D Citywide
Administration
CIP
Engineering
Ongoing.

Included as
mitigation
action in new
Plan.
14 Construct Peoples Basin located
upstream of the city from the
Kaweah River. Basin will serve to
provide storm flow lay-off to
reduce storm flows in Mill Creek
and Packwood Creek decreasing
flooding in Downtown Area.

A, B, C, D Kaweah
River, Mill
Creek, and
Packwood
Creek
Administration
CIP
Engineering
Construction
completed in
2022
15 Downtown Stormwater Flood
Protection – reduced downtown
flooding through construction a
network of storm drains collector
pipes, increased capacity of
Soroptimist Basin, re-routed flood
conveyance to Basin, and reduced
direct discharge to Mill Creek.

A, B, C, D Downtown Community
Development
Completed
16 Storm Drain Master Plan Update –
Will identify existing deficiencies in
storm drain system and propose
solutions to increase flood
protection in addition to providing
a framework for future growth.

A, B, C, D Citywide
Administration
CIP
Engineering
Ongoing
17 Northside Scenic Corridor – Initial
segment constructed, provides
flood protection for nearby
subdivisions.

A, B, C, D Shirk and SR
198
Administration
CIP
Engineering
Ongoing.

Initial
segment
constructed
2022,
provided
flood
protection for
nearby
subdivisions
18 Greening Downtown Visalia Public
Parking – reduces runoff from
seven (7) downtown parking lots
using previous concrete pavement.

Provides small amount of flood
improvements by reducing runoff
and improves water quality by
filtering water through the soil
A, B, C, D Downtown Community
Development
Completed
2017
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
G-30
Annex G 28
563
Prioritization Criteria
• A local jurisdiction department or agency champion currently exists or can be identified • The action can be implemented during the 5-year lifespan of the HMP • The action may reduce expected future damages and losses (cost-benefit) • The action mitigates a high-risk hazard
• The action mitigates multiple hazards
Many of the City’s mitigation strategies from the 2017 HMP are still relevant to this update. Table I-10 contains an updated set of potential mitigation strategies for new Plan. Mitigation actions were derived from numerous sources including the General Plan, City Code, Capital Improvement Plan, and input from the public and stakeholders.

Table G–10: Visalia Potential Mitigation Strategies
Strategy
Number Mitigation Strategy
Applicable Hazards
Mitigation Type
1 Create a GIS -based pre -application review for new construction and major remodels of residential and/or non-residential structures in hazard areas, such high and/or very high wildfire areas.

All Mit.
2 Integrate the Tulare County MJLHMP, the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into local planning documents, including general plans, emergency operations plan, and capital improvement plans.

All Mit.
3 Permit development only in areas where the potential danger to the health and safety of people and property can be mitigated to an acceptable level.

FR Mit.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 29
564
7 Identify and map existing housing structures that do not conform to contemporary fire standards in terms of building materials, perimeter access, and vegetative hazards in very high fire hazard severity zones or State responsibility area by fire hazard zon e designation. Identify plans and actions to improve substandard housing structures and neighborhoods.

FR Mit.
8 Acquire, relocate, or elevate residential structures, those that have been identified as Repetitive Loss (RL) properties that are located within the 100-year floodplain.

FL Mit.
9 Acquire, relocate, elevate, and/or floodproof critical facilities that are located within the 100-year floodplain. FL Mit.
10 Reinforce County and local ramps, bridges, and roads from flooding through protection activities, including elevating the road a nd installing culverts beneath the road or building a higher bridge across the area that experiences regular flooding.

FL Mit.
11 Work with FEMA Region IX to address any floodplain management issues that may have arisen/arise from the countywide DFIRM, C ommunity Assessment Visits, and/or the DWR.

FL Mit.
12 Increase participation in the NFIP by entering the Community Rating System program which through enhanced floodplain management activities would allow property owners to receive a discount on their flood insurance.

FL Mit.
13 Continue to create, revise, and maintain emergency plans for the broad range of natural and human -made disasters and response activities that could foreseeably impact the County. This shall include, but not be limited to, flooding, dam failure, extreme weather, evacuation/transporta tion, mass care and shelter, and animal evacuation and sheltering.

All Prep.
14 Continue to promote awareness and education among residents regarding possible natural hazards, including soil conditions, earthquakes, flooding, fire hazards, and emergency procedures.

EQ, FL, FR Mit.
15 Develop a public outreach program that informs property owners located in the dam or levee inundation areas about voluntary flood insurance. FL, DF, LF Mit. 16 Promote public safety programs, including neighborho od watch programs, child identification and fingerprinting, public awareness and prevention of fire hazards, and other public education efforts.

CT Mit.
17 Coordinate emergency response with local, State, and Federal governmental agencies, community organizations, volunteer agencies, and other response partners during emergencies or disasters using the California Standard Emergency Management System and the National Incident Management System.

All Resp.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
G-32
Annex G 30
565
18 Participate in established local, State, and Federal mutual aid systems.

FG, EH Resp.
20 Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to track fire and law enforcement response times and provide technical assistance to fire and law enforcement agencies.

FR, TR Mit.
21 Require, where feasible, road networks (public and private) to provide for safe and ready access for emergency equipment and provide alternate routes for evacuation
All Mit.
22 Acquire land upstream and develop storm water layoff basins for Packwood Creek, Mill Creek, and Evans Ditch to reduce flooding from the 1% annual chance flood.

FL Mit.
23 Increase channel capacities for ditches and waterways that convey flood flows and City storm water flows into and through the City. FL Mit. 24 Improve our GIS for use as a preapplication tool for new construction and major remodels of residential and/or nonresidential structures located in special flood hazard areas.

FL Mit.
25 Implement citywide drainage basin management program that includes an information database and on -site tools for use by staff in the management of drainage basins during rainfall events.

FL Mit.
26 Increased capacity at the McDermott Basin to increase the level of protection for the west side sunken portion of SR -198. Additional excavation and overflow spillway anticipated.

FL Mit.
27 Increased capacity at the Goshen Ocean Basin to increase the level of protection. Additional property acquisition and excavation anticipated. FL Mit. 28 Construct inflow and outflow structures at the Oaks Basin located on Mill Creek upstream of the city to provide functional operation of this upstream lay-off basin.

FL Mit.

A
list of mitigation actions was selected from the mitigation strategies. Table I-11 provides the mitigation 2022 MJLHMP actions for the city. New priorities for mitigation actions are listed in the table.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 31
566
Table G-11 Tulare - Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Acquire land upstream and develop storm
water layoff basins for Packwood Creek, Mill
Creek, and Evans Ditch to reduce flooding from
the 1% annual chance flood.

Community
Development &
Administration
CIP Engineering
Unknown High
One
Year
2 Increase channel capacities for ditches and
waterways that convey flood flows and City
storm water flows into and through the City.

Community
Development &
Administration
CIP Engineering
Unknown High
One
Year
3 Implement citywide drainage basin
management program that includes an
information database and on -site tools for use
by staff in the management of drainage basins
during rainfall events.

Community
Development
and Public
Works
Unknown High
One
Year
4 Increased capacity at the McDermott Basin to
increase the level of protection for the west
side sunken portion of SR -198. Additional
excavation and overflow spillway anticipated.

Community
Development
and Public
Works
Unknown High
One
year
5 Increased capacity at the Goshen Ocean Basin
to increase the level of protection. Additional
property acquisition and excavation
anticipated.

Community
Development
and Public
Works
Unknown High
One
year
6 Construct inflow and outflow structures at the
Oaks Basin located on Mill Creek upstream of
the city to provide functional operation of this
upstream lay-off basin.

Community
Development &
Administration
CIP Engineering

Unknown High
One
year
7 Replace public works and/or emergency
response facilities that are necessary during
and/or immediately after a disaster or
emergency. The Visalia Emergency
Communications Center building is under
construction. This building is designed in
accordance with the California Essential
Services Buildings Seismic Safety Act. The
building will contain the following five
Community
Development $23.7m High
One
year
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 32
567
Incorporation into other plans: FEMA requires the HMP be consistent with and incorporated into other planning documents and processes. In the City of Tulare , these other planning documents and process include the General Plan Update, the City Code zoning ordinances and various infrastructure master plans.

The term incorporated in planning terms means that the HMP and the other plans have similar community goals and policies in that they advocate similar land use patterns, and they are consistent in their guidance of dire ction and rate of growth. As other plans are updated or created, the HMP should be used as guidance.
essential services relocated from other City
offices: 1) 911 dispatch center; 2) emergency
operations center; 3) fire department
headquarters; 4) traffic management center
and 5) information services center.
8 Integrate the Tulare County HMP, the hazard
analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into
local planning documents, including general
plans, emergency operations plan, and capital
improvement plans.

Community
Development
and Fire
Unknown
Medium
One
Year
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 33
568
Table G-12 Visalia - Specific Mitigation Actions
No. Selected
(Y/N)
Description Prioritization
Criteria
Facility to be
Mitigated (if
known)
Department
or Agency
Status
1 Y Improve our GIS for use as a pre-
application tool for new
construction and major remodels
of residential and/or non-
residential structures located in
special flood hazard areas.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Ongoing. New
mitigation
action 3.

2 Y Integrate the Tulare County HMP,
in particular the hazard analysis and
mitigation strategy sections, into
local planning documents, including
general plans, emergency
operations plans, and capital
improvement plans.

A, B, C, D, E Citywide Community
Development
and Fire
Department

Ongoing. New
mitigation
action 9.

3 Y Develop a public outreach program
that informs property owners
located in the dam or levee
inundation areas about voluntary
flood insurance.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Deferred due
to need to
map and
evaluate
levees.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Completed
6 Y Relocate the EOC from the
basement of the Public Safety
Building to Fire Station 55.

Relocation will reduce flooding risk
and improve operational
functionality.

A, B, C, D, E EOC Fire
Department
Completed
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 34
569
7 Y Implement citywide drainage basin
management program that
includes an information database
and on-site tools for use by staff in
the management of drainage
basins during rainfall events.

A, B, C, D Drainage
basins
citywide
Community
Development
and Public
Works
Ongoing.

Included in
mitigation
action 4 in
new Plan.
8 Y Upgrade existing drainage basin
pumps citywide to best utilize
channel capacities and to increase
basin capacities.

A, B, C, D Drainage
basins
citywide
Community
Development
and Public
Works
Cancelled.

Not required.
9 Y Increased capacity at the
McDermott Basin to increase the
level of protection for the west
side sunken portion of SR-198.

Additional excavation and overflow
spillway anticipated.

A, B, C, D McDermott
Basin
Community
Development
Not
completed.

Included in
mitigation
action 5 in
new Plan,
10 Y Increased capacity at the Goshen
Ocean Basin to increase the level
of protection. Additional property
acquisition and excavation
anticipated.

A, B, C, D Goshen
Ocean Basin
Community
Development
Ongoing and
included in
mitigation
action 6 in new
Plan.
11 Y Engineering study of the existing
drainage systems in the Downtown
and Oval Park areas to determine
existing deficiencies and to
develop capital projects to
improve drainage and to reduce
direct flows into Mill Creek.

A, B, C, D
Downtown
and Oval Park
area drainage
system
Community
Development
and Public
Works
Completed.
12 Y Construct inflow and outflow
structures at the Oaks Basin
located on Mill Creek upstream of
the city to provide functional
operation of this upstream lay-off
basin.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Ongoing.

Mitigation
action 7 in
new Plan.
21 Y Acquire land upstream and
develop storm water layoff basins
for Packwood Creek, Mill Creek,
and Evans Ditch to reduce flooding
from the 1% annual chance flood.

A, B, C, D Citywide Community
Development
Ongoing.

Included as
mitigation
action 1 in
new Plan.

Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 35
570
Table G-13 Visalia- Mitigation Actions
Action
Number Mitigation Strategy
Department
Cost
Priority
Timeframe
1 Acquire land upstream and develop storm
water layoff basins for Packwood Creek, Mill
Creek, and Evans Ditch to reduce flooding from
the 1% annual chance flood.

Community
Development Unknown High
One
Year
2 Increase channel capacities for ditches and
waterways that convey flood flows and City
storm water flows into and through the City.

Community
Development Unknown High
One
Year
3 Improve our GIS for use as a preapplication tool
for new construction and major remodels of
residential and/or nonresidential structures
located in special flood hazard areas.

Community
Development Unknown High
One
Year
4 Implement citywide drainage basin
management program that includes an
information database and on -site tools for use
by staff in the management of drainage basins
during rainfall events.

Community
Development
and Public
Works
Unknown High
One
Year
5 Increased capacity at the McDermott Basin to
increase the level of protection for the west
side sunken portion of SR -198. Additional
excavation and overflow spillway anticipated.

Community
Development Unknown High
One
year
6 Increased capacity at the Goshen Ocean Basin
to increase the level of protection. Additional
property acquisition and excavation
anticipated.

Community
Development Unknown High
One
year
7 Construct inflow and outflow structures at the
Oaks Basin located on Mill Creek upstream of
the city to provide functional operation of this
upstream lay-off basin.

Community
Development Unknown High
One
year
8 Replace public works and/or emergency
response facilities that are necessary during
and/or immediately after a disaster or
emergency. The Visalia Emergency
Communications Center building is under
construction. This building is designed in
Community
Development $23.7m High
One
year
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
G-38
Annex G 36
571
accordance with the California Essential
Services Buildings Seismic Safety Act. The
building will contain the following five
essential services relocated from other City
offices: 1) 911 dispatch center; 2) emergency
operations center; 3) fire department
headquarters; 4) traffic management center
and 5) information services center.
9 Integrate the Tulare County HMP, in particular
the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy
sections, into local planning documents,
including general plans, emergency operations
plans, and capital improvement plans.

Community
Development
Fire
Unknown Medium
One
Year
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
Annex G 37
572
Annex H - City of Woodlake
Annex H City of Woodlake
Woodlake is in the northwestern corner of the County, approximately 20 miles north of the City of Visalia (Visalia), the County seat. The City of Woodlake provides the -*following services:
• Public
safety (police and fire protection)
• Domestic water
• Wastewater collection, treatment & disposal
• Streets and traffic circulation
The C
ity contracts with a private carrier to provide pickup of solid waste within the City limits.

Figure H-1 provides a zoning map of Woodlake.

H.1 COMMUNITY P ROFILE
Tulare County
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
March 2023
H-1
573
Geography and Climate: The 2020 U.S. Census indicated that the City of Woodlake had an incorporated area of 2.61 square miles. The City is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 440 feet above sea level. Woodlake climate can be described as Mediterranean. The summers are hot and dry, and winters are characterized by moderate temperatures and light precipitation. Temperatures and rainfall for Woodlake are typical of the rest of the valley floor of Tulare County.

Government: The community of Woodlake was founded in 1912 by Gilbert F. Stevenson, a wealthy land developer from southern California. In 1941, Woodlake became incorporated, becoming Tulare County’s seventh city. The City of Woodlake operates under the Council-Manager form of government.

Population and demographics: The American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimate for 2020 estimated that Woodlake had a population of 7,636. The population density was 2,842.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Woodlake is estimated as 61.5% White; 0.5% African American; 0.3% Native American;

Visalia City CouncilJuly 15, 2024

Visalia City Council
July 15, 2024