Belmont City Council
March 12, 2024

1.0 Executive Summary
In 2021, the City of Belmont (City) began developing an updated Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Master Plan (PROS Plan) as forward-looking guide for planning, maintaining, developing, and rehabilitating the City’s system of parks, recreation sites, and open space areas over the next 15 years. As part of the PROS Plan, this Open Space Management Plan (OSMP) was developed to better understand the conditions in the City’s two open space areas and provide a programmatic framework to address key management topics. The OSMP is organized into three chapters:
 Chapter 2.0 contains the Environmental Assessment which includes a characterization of existing conditions including flora and fauna, trail erosion, and wildfire hazards. Considerations for habitat improvements and wildfire hazard reduction are provided.  Chapter 3.0 contains the Recreation Use Assessment and Benchmarking which includes discussions of current open space recreation trends, trail usage, condition, and density, and provides best practices for trail design, construction, and maintenance.  Chapter 4.0 contains the Management Plan which utilizes the conclusions from the previous two chapters, City staff and public input to outline a framework of objectives, policies and recommendations focused on environmental sustainability, balanced recreation use, and natural hazard mitigation themes.

The salient findings of each chapter are summarized below. The content of this OSMP has been integrated into the formatting of the PROS Plan and references to the PROS Plan are inclusive of this OSMP (Appendix G of the PROS Plan also contains the OSMP).

Belmont’s two open space areas are Waterdog Lake Open Space Area (WDL) and San Juan Canyon Open Space Area (SJC) which are both located in the western portion of the city (Figure 2.1). Both WDL and SJC contain trails through native and non-native vegetation communities and provide nature-based recreation opportunities including hiking, biking, dog walking, and wildlife and plant study.

1.1 Environmental Assessment Findings
Across both WDL and SJC Open Space areas, 11 special-status plant species and 7 special-status wildlife species have moderate/high potential to occur or are present. Limited portions of the open space areas are comprised of developed areas, eucalyptus groves, and non-native annual grassland. The majority of both WDL and SJC contain native plant species. Indeed, over 90 percent of the open space lands consist of native biological communities and both non-sensitive and sensitive communities exist. Invasive species were observed, though generally limited to patches of less than 50 square feet and represented a small portion of the overall area. As such, the overall habitat quality of the open space lands is determined to be of high quality to moderate quality, with the areas adjacent to trails and residential development generally being moderate quality. Areas with limited anthropogenic influence (set back from residential uses and major trails), have high quality habitat.

WRA mapped trail conditions for approximately 13 miles of trails, including trails that are found on city maps as well as previously unmapped trails. Collectively, the trails have a relatively small “footprint,” representing approximately five acres of open space, i.e., of 1.3 percent of the total open space acreage.

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Most trail erosion locations were found in the larger WDL area, and among those locations, the majority were assessed as exhibiting a “low” level of erosion. For both WDL and SJC, approximately 1 in every 10 erosion locations were categorized as “high” erosion. These results demonstrate that the trail systems in each open space area are in relatively good condition overall, but that there are specific locations of “high” erosion that should be addressed immediately. In addition, approximately 50 stream crossings were identified along existing trails with varied crossing mechanisms, ranging from a free-span wooden footbridge to a plank placed across the stream, to stepping stones. Many of these crossings should also be improved in the near term to provide better protection of the riparian habitat below.

The majority (approximately 147 of 290 acres) of vegetation in WDL is coastal live oak, which has a low hazard rating and ignition potential (East Bay Regional Parks District, 2010). This situation also applies to SJC, with the majority of vegetation there mapped as coastal live oak. However, according to the Safety Element of the 2035 City of Belmont General Plan WDL lies within the Very High Fire Hazard Zone, and SJC lies with the High Fire Hazard Zone, based on factors including steep topography, weather, and the potential to damage human life and structures (City of Belmont, 2017).

1.2 Recreation Assessment Findings
The population of Belmont and San Mateo County is increasing and the rates of participation in naturebased recreation activities are expected to continue to increase as well. In general, cycling participation has been rising in recent years especially in large cities like San Francisco (San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2022). One likely contributor to cycling participation is the growing use of electric pedal assist bicycles (e-bikes) which have had sales increase nearly 50 percent per year since 2013 (PeopleForBikes, 2017). In addition, e-bike use on trails within parks and protected areas appears to be increasing (PeopleForBikes, 2017). Though mountain biking participation is also increasing nationally (Newcomb, 2020), whether e-bikes are driving this increase is actively being researched (Federal Highway Administration, 2022). The implication for this that the number of cyclists on trails may not be increasing dramatically, but rather existing cyclists on trails are switching to e-bikes instead of standard bikes.

As part of the public engagement process for the RROS Plan, the Belmont Parks, Outdoor Recreation Programs and Open Space Community Survey (PROS Survey; Gates + Associates, 2021) collected responses to an online survey during April 2021. The PROS Survey found that residents from Belmont, as well as neighboring cities like San Mateo, San Carlos, and Redwood City, participate in walking, running, biking, and dog-walking on Belmont’s open space trails. The PROS Survey also found that most respondents visited open space areas multiple times per week, typically for a duration of 1-2 hours or more, and typically for the purposes of exercising, communing with nature, and experiencing peace and quiet.

Both the WDL and SJC have trail systems that are similar in density when compared to similarly urban open space areas in neighboring cities in San Mateo County. Both WDL and SJC have previously unmapped trails that make up 25 percent of all trail miles.

1.3 Management Plan
The OSMP has been prepared to provide a programmatic framework to address three main themes:
environmental sustainability, balanced recreation use, and mitigation of natural hazards. Within each theme is a hierarchy of objectives, policies, and recommendations. The objectives are general statements that articulate a desired outcome. Policies are more specific statements that state what steps the City

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may take to achieve a desired outcome. Recommendations are measurable actions that specify how a desired outcome can be achieved. The objectives, policies, and recommendations were developed based on existing City planning documents, City staff input, the considerations from Chapters 2 and 3 of this document, public input from the PROS Survey, emailed public comments, and an open house event held in May 2022.

1.3.1 Priority Recommendations
Several recommendations were identified as being priorities, based on habitat protection, wildfire safety, and visitor experience (Tier 1) and equity-based programs and visitor experience (Tier 2). Upon adoption of the PROS Plan, the following actions should be prioritized for implementation at WDL and SJC.

Tier 1: Habitat Protection, Wildfire Safety, and Visitor Experience Environmental Sustainability
● Stream Crossing Improvements: WRA identified multiple stream crossings requiring improvements and prioritized the top seven crossings most in need of improvements. ● Seasonal / Weather Dependent Restrictions on Maintenance Activities: Ensure that the City’s routine trail maintenance actions avoid nesting bird season to the extent possible, and avoid working in wet weather conditions (emergencies excepted) to the extent feasible.

Balanced Recreation Use
● Monitor Use and Survey Visitors During E-Bike Pilot: Take an approach similar to what Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District has done to develop a policy for e-bike use. The district studied use levels and visitor responses for a year before making policy recommendations to their Planning and Natural Resource Committee. ● ADA-Compliant Trails: Identify three trail segments that offer distinctive recreation experiences and ensure those segments comply with the California State Parks Accessibility Guidelines. One segment will offer the experience to travel along a ridgeline, another segment will offer an experience to travel along a canyon floor, and a third segment will offer opportunities for panoramic views.

Natural Hazard Mitigation
● Fuels Reduction Plan: The fuels reduction plan would prioritize fuel break areas to be treated as shown and Figures 2.4 and 2.5, and would highlight additional areas that would benefit from fuels reduction.

Tier 2: Equity-Based Programs and Visitor Experience
Environmental Sustainability
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● Volunteer Restoration Programs: These programs which have been informally carried out would be codified and respond to the interests and actions of environmentally focused community members.

Balanced Recreation Use
● Nature-Based Recreation Programs: Respond to the community’s interest in environmental education with focused programs that, among other things, may reinforce support for protecting the two open space areas and create “citizen scientists.” ● Trail Calming Features: Implement trail calming features in targeted locations to respond to community comments about feeling some sections of trails are unsafe due to blind turns, steep slopes, narrow trails, or a combination of all three.

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2.0 Environmental Assessment

2.1 Introduction
This chapter provides an environmental assessment of existing conditions pertaining to biological resources, trail erosion, and wildfire hazards at WDL and SJC. Following the baseline information collected for these resources, management recommendations are provided to promote a balanced and fair approach that considers environmental protection, public health and safety, diverse recreation, and sustainability. This assessment was conducted by WRA, Inc. (WRA) to inform and support the OSMP as part of the PROS Plan. This chapter describes the results of the site visit, which assessed the open space areas for (1) the presence of sensitive biological communities, special-status plant species, and specialstatus wildlife species, (2) the potential for the site to support special-status plant and wildlife species.

In addition to documenting existing biological communities and sensitive habitats in both park units, WRA broadly assessed the baseline quality of such habitats located near the trails. This will enable the City to track and evaluate any changes in habitat quality and implement management actions accordingly.

WDL is approximately 290 acres of city-owned property and features the following: trails which meander through chaparral, oak woodland, and riparian habitats; a viewshed of the San Francisco Bay; and Waterdog Lake at its center. SJC is approximately 39 acres of City-owned property surrounded by undeveloped parcels that are privately owned, located approximately ¾-mile west of Waterdog, across Ralston Way. SJC features similar habitats as WDL. Both open spaces are generally surrounded by singlefamily residential land use; boundary lines depicted are approximate to illustrate the Study Area within which the environmental the recreation assessments were performed (Figure 2.1).

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Figure 2.1. Study Area
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2.2 Regulatory Background
The following sections explain the regulatory context of the biological assessment, including applicable laws and regulations that were applied to the field investigations and would apply to any future, ground disturbing actions to sensitive and common species that the city may choose to implement following adoption of the PROS Plan.

2.2.1 Special-Status Species
Special-status species include those plants and wildlife species that have been formally listed, are proposed as endangered or threatened, or are candidates for such listing under the federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) or California Endangered Species Act (CESA). These Acts afford protection to both listed and proposed species. In addition, California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Species of Special Concern (SSC), and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Species of Concern (SOC), are species that face extirpation if current population and habitat trends continue. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Birds of Conservation Concern, sensitive species included in USFWS Recovery Plans, and CDFW specialstatus invertebrates are also considered special-status species. Although CDFW Species of Special Concern generally have no special legal status, they are given special consideration under CEQA. In addition to regulations for special-status species, most birds in the United States, including non-status species, are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918. Under this legislation, destroying active nests, eggs, and young is illegal. Bat species designated as “High Priority” by the Western Bat Working Group qualify for legal protection under Section 15380(d) of the CEQA Guidelines. “High Priority” species are defined as “imperiled or are at high risk of imperilment based on available information on distribution, status, ecology and known threats”.

Plant species included within the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (Inventory, CNPS 2020) with California Rare Plant Rank (Rank) of 1, 2, and 3 are also considered special-status plant species and must be considered under the CEQA. Some Rank 4 plant species meet the definitions of Section 1901 Chapter 10 of the Native Plant Protection Act or Sections 2062 and 2067 of the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC) that outlines CESA. However, the CNPS and CDFW strongly recommend that these species be fully considered during the preparation of environmental documentation related to CEQA. This may be particularly appropriate for the type locality of a Rank 4 plant species, for populations at the periphery of a species range, or in areas where the taxon is especially uncommon or has sustained heavy losses, or from populations exhibiting unusual morphology or occurring on unusual substrates. A description of Ranks is provided below in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1. Description of Ranks and Threat Codes
California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists) Rank 1A Presumed extirpated in California and either rare or extinct elsewhere Rank 1B Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere Rank 2A Presumed extirpated in California, but common elsewhere Rank 2B Rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but common elsewhere Rank 3 Plants about which more information is needed - A review list Open Space Management Plan
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California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists) Rank 4 Plants of limited distribution - A watch list
Threat Ranks

0.1 Seriously threatened in California

0.2 Moderately threatened in California

0.3 Not very threatened in California

2.2.2 Sensitive Biological Communities
Sensitive biological communities include habitats that fulfill special functions or have special values, such as wetlands, streams, and riparian habitat. These habitats are regulated under federal regulations (such as the Clean Water Act [CWA]), state regulations (such as the Porter-Cologne Act, the CDFW Streambed Alteration Program, and CEQA), or local ordinances or policies (such as City or County Tree Ordinances, Special Habitat Management Areas, applicable Local Coastal Programs, and General Plan Elements).

2.2.3 Waters of the United States
The stream channels in WDL connect to Belmont Creek, which empties out into the San Francisco Bay, a traditional navigable water. SJC includes Laurel Creek, which also empties into the San Francisco Bay.

Based on the current federal regulations, this establishes a federal nexus; stream channels and creeks within the open space areas are therefore potentially considered Waters of the U.S. Section 404 of the CWA gives the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Corps regulatory and permitting authority regarding discharge of dredged or fill material into “navigable” waters of the U.S. Section 502(7) of the CWA defines navigable waters as “waters of the United States, including territorial seas.” Section 328 of Chapter 33 in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) defines the term “waters of the United States” as it applies to the jurisdictional limits of the authority of the Corps under the CWA. A summary of this definition of “waters of the United States” in 33 CFG 328.3(a) includes:
(1) waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; the territorial seas; or interstate waters;
(2) impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this definition, other than impoundments of waters identified under paragraph (5) of this section; (3) tributaries of waters identified in paragraph (1) or (2) of this section that are relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water; (4) wetlands adjacent to the following waters: waters identified in paragraph (1) of this section; or relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water identified in paragraph (2) or (3) of this section and with a continuous surface connection to those waters;

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(5) intrastate lakes and ponds not identified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this section that are relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water with a continuous surface connection to the waters identified in paragraph (1) or (3) of this section.

In the Corps Rivers and Harbors regulations (33 CFR Part 329.4), the term “navigable waters of the U.S.” is defined to include all those waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide, and/or presently used, or have been used in the past, or may be susceptible for use to transport interstate or foreign commerce.

The definitions of wetlands and non-wetland waters, as well as areas exempt from jurisdiction, are discussed in more detail below.

Wetlands
Wetlands are defined in 33 CFR 328.3(c) as:
…those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.

The basis for determining whether a given area is a wetland for the purposes of Section 404 of the CWA is outlined in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Corps Manual; Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Delineation Manual for the respective region (Arid West or Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast for California). As defined in 33 CFR 328.4(c), the extent of federal jurisdiction within wetlands is defined as extending to the limit of the wetland as determined using the methods outlined in the manuals.

Areas Exempt from Section 404 Jurisdiction
Some areas that meet the technical criteria for wetlands or waters may not be jurisdictional under the CWA per Section 404 regulations and the Corps Manual. As defined in 33 CFR 328.3(b), the following features are exempt from Section 404 Jurisdiction:
(1) Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons, designed to meet the requirements of the Clean Water Act;
(2) Prior converted cropland designated by the Secretary of Agriculture. The exclusion would cease upon a change of use, which means that the area is no longer available for the production of agricultural commodities. Notwithstanding the determination of an area’s status as prior converted cropland by any other Federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with EPA; (3) Ditches (including roadside ditches) excavated wholly in and draining only dry land and that do not carry a relatively permanent flow of water;
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(5) Artificial lakes or ponds created by excavating or diking dry land to collect and retain water and which are used exclusively for such purposes as stock watering, irrigation, settling basins, or rice growing;
(6) Artificial reflecting or swimming pools or other small ornamental bodies of water created by excavating or diking dry land to retain water for primarily aesthetic reasons; (7) Waterfilled depressions created in dry land incidental to construction activity and pits excavated in dry land for the purpose of obtaining fill, sand, or gravel unless and until the construction or excavation operation is abandoned and the resulting body water meets the definition of waters of the United States; and
(8) Swales and erosional features (e.g., gullies, small washes) characterized by low volume, infrequent, or short duration flow.

2.2.4 Waters of the State
The Dickey Water Pollution Act of 1949 and Porter Cologne Act of 1969 established the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and nine Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) districts in the State of California. The SWRCB and each RWQCB district regulates activities in Waters of the State, which include Waters of the U.S. Waters of the State are defined by the Porter-Cologne Act as “any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state.” In addition, the SWRCB has adopted a wetland definition that is similar to, but slightly different from, that used by the Corps. The state definition as adopted in April 2019 and currently in effect, states that:

An area is wetland if, under normal circumstances, (1) the area has continuous or recurrent saturation of the upper substrate caused by groundwater, or shallow surface water, or both; (2) the duration of such saturation is sufficient to cause anaerobic conditions in the upper substrate; and (3) the area’s vegetation is dominated by hydrophytes or the area lacks vegetation.

The RWQCB regulates discharges of fill and dredged material under Section 401 of the CWA and the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act through the State Water Quality Certification Program. State Water Quality Certification is necessary for all projects that require a Corps permit, or fall under other federal jurisdiction, and have the potential to impact waters of the State. In order for a Section 404 permit to be valid, Section 401 of the CWA requires a Water Quality Certification or waiver to be obtained. The Water Quality Certification (or waiver) determines that the permitted activities will not violate water quality standards individually or cumulatively over the term of the action. Water quality certification must be consistent with the requirements of the CWA, CEQA, the CESA and Porter-Cologne Act.

If a proposed project or portion of a proposed project does not require a federal permit, but does involve dredge or fill activities that may result in a discharge to Waters of the State, the RWQCB has the option to regulate the dredge and fill activity under its state authority in the form of Waste Discharge Requirements or Certification of Waste Discharge Requirements. In these cases, a Water Quality Certification is not necessary under Section 401 of the CWA because federal jurisdiction does not apply.

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2.2.5 Streams, Lakes, and Riparian Habitat
Streams and lakes, as habitat for fish and wildlife species, are subject to jurisdiction by CDFW under Sections 1600-1616 of the CFGC. Alterations to or work within or adjacent to streambeds or lakes generally require a 1602 Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement. The term stream, which includes creeks and rivers, is defined in the California Code of Regulations (CCR) as follows: “a body of water that flows at least periodically or intermittently through a bed or channel having banks and supports fish or other aquatic life. This includes watercourses having a surface or subsurface flow that supports or has supported riparian vegetation” (14 CCR 1.72). In addition, the term stream can include ephemeral streams, dry washes, watercourses with subsurface flows, canals, aqueducts, irrigation ditches, and other means of water conveyance if they support aquatic life, riparian vegetation, or stream dependent terrestrial wildlife (CDFG ESD 1994). Riparian is defined as, “on, or pertaining to, the banks of a stream;” therefore, riparian vegetation is defined as, “vegetation which occurs in and/or adjacent to a stream and is dependent on, and occurs because of, the stream itself” (CDFG ESD 1994). Removal of riparian vegetation also requires a Section 1602 Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement from CDFW.

2.2.6 Other Sensitive Biological Communities
Other sensitive biological communities not discussed above include habitats that fulfill special functions or have special values. Natural communities considered sensitive are those identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the CDFW. The CDFW ranks sensitive communities as “threatened” or “very threatened” and keeps records of their occurrences in its Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB, CDFW 2020). Sensitive plant communities are also identified by CDFW on their List of California Natural Communities Recognized by the CNDDB (CDFW 2020). Impacts to sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the CDFW or USFWS must be considered and evaluated under CEQA (CCR: Title 14, Div. 6, Chap. 3, Appendix G). Specific habitats may also be identified as sensitive in City or County General Plans or ordinances.

2.2.7 Relevant City of Belmont Policies
Policies relative to management and conservation of the City’s open space areas are found in the following planning documents:
● Belmont Parks and Open Space Plan (1992)
● City of Belmont General Plan, Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Element (2017) ● City of Belmont General Plan, Conservation Element (2017) ● The Western Hills Area Plan (1990)
Belmont Parks and Open Space Plan (1992)
Action focused recommendations from the 1992 Belmont Parks and Open Space Plan include the following:
• The preserved open space should be retained in a natural state for passive recreation, education, and aesthetic purposes.
• Vegetation management will be required to create and maintain native ecosystems and for fire control.
• Development should be limited to those types of facilities that support the intended passive uses, including trails, trailheads, signage, picnic areas, and small neighborhood parks.

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Relevant policies from the 1992 Belmont Parks and Open Space Plan include the following:
● Assist the Fire Protection District to identify wildland fire hazard areas and develop fire access roads.
● Preserve large contiguous units of open space.
● Protect wildlife habitat by maintaining wildlife corridors and preserving habitat and corridors in new residential neighborhoods.

City of Belmont General Plan, Parks and Conservation Elements (2017) Goals and policies presented in the General Plan apply to all areas within the City. The goals and policies listed below from the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Element as well as the Conservation Element are especially relevant to this OSMP (City of Belmont, 2017) and include the following:
● Continue to develop and support a balanced and integrated open space system reflecting a variety of considerations, including natural resource conservation, outdoor recreation, and public health and safety, to ensure synergies between various open space components and compatibility with land use planning.
● Continue to designate and protect open space lands for the preservation of scenic areas, natural drainage ways, and plant and wildlife habitats; for outdoor recreation; and for public health and safety. See also policies in the Conservation and Safety elements. ● Maintain connectivity between large open spaces in Belmont and the region, including the WDL area, San Juan Hills area, Sugarloaf Mountain, and the open space in the San Francisco Public Utility District's Crystal Springs watershed.
● Consistent with the San Juan Hills and Western Hills area plans, cluster development in the hillside areas of western Belmont in order to maintain contiguous habitat areas, minimize grading, and limit exposure to steep slopes and other sensitive areas. See also policies in the Land Use Element. ● Develop programs to control invasive plant species that threaten the natural resources. ● Continue programs to reduce the fire danger in the open space. ● Preserve and protect open space resources using various methods available to the City. ● Protect Belmont Creek from future encroachment through regulation, development review, conservation easements, or other appropriate actions.
● Seek to preserve the existing open space areas in the San Juan Hills and Western Hills, consistent with the Area Plans, especially on steep hillsides and sensitive habitat areas. ● Protect and maintain open space for the preservation of natural resources. ● Ensure that any improvements recommended for open space areas are appropriate for the type of open space and the use proposed.
● In portions of Belmont that include significant open space resources, use area plans to address the balance and interface between natural and developed areas. ● Reduce risk of wildland fire, ecological succession, and pathogen threats (such as Sudden Oak Death) through active maintenance of public spaces and education and enforcement of development standards on private property.
● Ensure that future acquisitions of open space land are compatible with the City's open space strategy and long-term interests.
● Protect and restore biological and ecological resources in Belmont, including sensitive wildlife species and their habitats.

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● Support the protection, preservation, restoration, and enhancement of habitats of State or federally listed rare, threatened, endangered and/or other sensitive and special status species, and favor enhancement of contiguous areas over small, segmented remainder parcels. ● Continue to maintain, protect, restore, and enhance Belmont's ecologically important areas and seek to reduce impacts on them, including the creek corridors, the open space, and the wetlands around O'Neill Slough.
● To the greatest extent feasible, ensure that development does not disturb sensitive habitat and special status species by requiring appropriate and feasible mitigation measures. ● Maintain functional wildlife corridors and habitat linkage in order to contribute to regional biodiversity and the viability of rare, unique or sensitive biological resources throughout the city and region.
● In design and construction, require use of best practices that preserve natural resources, such as soil, trees, native plants, and permeable surfaces.
● Avoid light pollution and unnecessary glare by requiring development projects to use design features and shielding methods that cast outdoor light downward and minimize glare and to install the minimum amount of outdoor lighting necessary for safety and security. ● Encourage the planting of native trees, shrubs, and grasslands in order to preserve the visual integrity of the landscape, provide habitat conditions suitable for native vegetation, and ensure the maximum number and variety of well-adapted plants are maintained. ● Preserve and restore Belmont's waterways and adjacent corridors as valuable community resources that serve as plant and wildlife habitats, groundwater recharge facilities, flood control and irrigation components, and connections between open space areas. ● Restore Belmont Creek to enhance ecological functions, biological resources, hydrology function, and flood control.
● Preserve, where possible, natural watercourses or provide naturalized drainage channels within the city. Where necessary and feasible, implement restoration and rehabilitation measures. ● Protect, restore, and enhance a continuous corridor of native riparian vegetation and wildlife habitat along Belmont's waterways, water bodies, and wetlands. ● Preserve and enhance the natural riparian environment along waterway corridors, including Belmont Creek, by minimizing environmental and visual impacts. ● Preserve water quality by promoting the protection of Belmont's creeks and other natural water bodies from pollution.
● Continue to participate in the San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. ● Encourage residents and businesses to use best management practices (BMPs) to reduce water pollutant loads that result from daily activities, such as using landscaping chemicals and fertilizers and repairing and washing cars outdoors.
● Require development projects to incorporate structural and non-structural best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate or reduce the projected increases in pollutant loads, in accordance with the NPDES permit guidelines.
● Ensure that the design and construction of new infrastructure elements does not contribute to stream bank or hillside erosion or creek or wetland siltation, and incorporates site design and source control BMPs, construction phase BMPs, and treatment control BMPs to minimize impacts to water quality.
● Implement water pollution prevention methods to the maximum extent practicable, supplemented by pollutant source controls and treatment.

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The Western Hills Area Plan (1990)
Relevant goals and policies from the 1990 Western Hills Area Plan include the following:
● Encourage Open Space Protection: Encourage the preservation of open space in areas of scenic, natural resource, and recreational value, as well as areas that are geologically hazardous or steeply sloped. Assist private landowners in finding ways for them to manage and permanently preserve private open space.
● Preserve and maintain existing open space areas.

2.3 Methods
On March 8, 21, and 22, 2022 WRA biologists, Ivy Poisson and Brian Kearns, traversed over 10 miles of existing trails within the Study Area to:

1. Ground-truth vegetation communities obtained from the San Mateo County vegetation mapping dataset (2021)

2. Determine if existing conditions provide suitable habitat for special-status plant or wildlife species,

3. Determine the baseline conditions of habitat quality within view from the trails,

4. Conduct a qualitative trail assessment, and

5. Determine the open spaces’ consistency with existing regulations and policies.

A list of incidental species observations was also compiled. Plant nomenclature follows the Jepson Flora Project (2022), except where noted. For cases in which taxonomic discrepancies occur between Baldwin et al. and the CNPS Inventory, precedence was given to the species classification used in the Inventory.

2.3.1 Sensitive Biological Communities
The San Mateo County vegetation mapping dataset (2021) was examined to provide baseline information on plant communities. Biological communities present in the Study Area were classified based on existing plant community descriptions described in the Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California (Holland 1986) and A Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009).

However, in some cases it is necessary to identify variants of community types or to describe nonvegetated areas that are not described in the literature. Biological communities were classified as sensitive or non-sensitive as defined by CEQA, and other applicable laws and regulations. Each biological community is given a state or global ranking, ranging from 1 to 5. These rankings are defined below, with G indicating global status, and S indicating state status for California. State and/or global rankings of 1, 2, or 3 are considered sensitive.
1 Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors. 2 Imperiled — At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors. 3 Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.

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4 Apparently Secure — At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
5 Secure — At very low risk of extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.

Non-sensitive biological communities are those communities that are not afforded special protection under CEQA, and other state, federal, and local laws, regulations and ordinances, and generally are ranked 4 or 5 on a global or state level. These communities may provide suitable habitat for some special-status plant or wildlife species and are discussed below. Sensitive biological communities are defined as those communities that are given special protection under CEQA and other applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations and ordinances. Applicable laws and ordinances are discussed above. Special methods used to identify sensitive biological communities are discussed below.

Wetlands and Waters
The Study Area was surveyed at a reconnaissance level to determine if any wetlands and waters potentially subject to jurisdiction by the Corps, RWQCB, or CDFW were present. The assessment was based primarily on the presence of wetland plant indicators but may also include any observed indicators of wetland hydrology as defined by the Corps Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Corps 2008). Any potential wetland areas were identified as areas dominated by plant species with a wetland indicator status of obligate wetland (OBL), facultative wetland (FACW), or facultative (FAC) as given on the U.S.

Department of Agriculture: National Wetland Plant List (Corps 2020). Evidence of wetland hydrology can include evidence such as visible inundation or saturation, surface sediment deposits, algal mats and drift lines, and oxidized root channels. Given that the site visits did not include a routine-level wetland delineation and was only reconnaissance level, soils were not examined in the field as part of this assessment. Streams were remotely mapped in ArcGIS using hydrologic modeling tools. Using the 2010 ARRA lidar dataset, streams were modeled using a 3-acre watershed with a nearest neighbor algorithm to determine flowlines.

2.3.2 Special-status Species
Potential occurrence of special-status species in the Study Area was evaluated by first determining which special-status species occur in the vicinity of the Study Area through a literature and database search.

Database searches for known occurrences of special-status species were for the San Mateo and eight surrounding 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangles. The following sources were reviewed to determine which special-status plant and wildlife species have been documented to occur in the vicinity of the Study Area:
● CNDDB records (CDFW 2022)
● USFWS Information for Planning and Conservation Species (USFWS 2022) ● CNPS Inventory records (CNPS 2022)
● California Bird Species of Special Concern (Shuford and Gardali 2008) ● USFWS Critical Habitat Mapper (USFWS 2022)
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Special status species are defined as federally or state listed species (threatened or endangered; FT, ST, FE, SE), CDFW Species of Special Concern (SSC) and CDFW Fully Protected (FP). In addition to federal and state listing status for plant species, species with a California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Ranking (CRPR) of 1 through 4 is also included in this report.1 Bats are also given special consideration if they are listed by the Western Bat Working Group (WBWG) as Medium or High.2

2.3.3 Habitat Quality
The overall habitat quality of the Study Area was evaluated based on the cover of native versus non-native plant species, presence and extent of invasive plant species, and extent of anthropogenic disturbance.

General notes and observations of plant species composition were made throughout the Study Area by WRA biologists while traversing throughout the existing trail network, followed by a review of aerial imagery, in order to assign a general value to the Study Area. This assessment is qualitative in nature and should not be interpreted to be a comprehensive assessment of each biological community that is identified within the Study Area. The definitions of habitat quality ranking are listed in Table 2.2 below.

Table 2.2. Habitat Quality Categories
High Quality / Mostly Intact
● Vegetation is composed of greater than 75 percent native plant cover ● Invasive species are generally absent based on visual estimates from the trail network ● Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is absent or negligible Moderate Quality / Moderately Altered or Impacted
● Vegetation is composed of greater than 50 percent native plant cover ● Invasive species are present but was observed to be less than 50 square feet based on visual estimates from the trail
● Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is present but not extensive Low Quality
● Vegetation is composed of less than 50 percent native plant cover based on visual estimates from the trail ● Invasive species are present, comprise more than 100 square feet, and is observed to be crowding out/negatively impacting native species within the vegetation community ● Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is present but not extensive Low Quality / Extensively Altered or Impacted
● Vegetation is composed of less than 50 percent native plant cover based on visual estimates from the trail ● This habitat features an invasive species as a dominant or codominant in the tree/shrub/herb stratum ● Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is present and extensive

2.3.4 Trail Assessment
The purpose of the trail environmental condition assessment was to generally characterize environmental conditions on open space trails, which could be used to develop recommendations that could be implemented as part of the OSMP. A qualitative assessment of trail conditions on both mapped trails (those shown by City maps) and unmapped trails (those which are not shown on City maps) was made 1 Definitions of CRPR ranking is available here: https://www.cnps.org/rare-plants/cnps-rare-plant-ranks 2 WBWG “High” designation represents those species considered the highest priority for funding, planning, and conservation actions; “medium” designation indicates a level of concern that should warrant closer evaluation, more research, and conservation actions of both the species and possible threats.

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based on the level of erosion and vegetation impacts observed. Categories include high, medium, and low erosion; these categories are defined in Table 2.3 below, along with a representative photo of the category. Point data were collected along the trail feature. In addition, WRA also noted if adjacent vegetation shows signs of impacts (trampling, what appears to be obvious/unsanctioned vegetation trimming). Maps of trail conditions can be found in Chapter 3.

Table 2.3. Trail Condition Categories
High
High Erosion
There are more than two deep ruts located
along the length of the trail, and there are
several observations that it significantly
interferes with pedestrian and cycling activities
where it causes trail users to create additional
pathways to avoid this erosion feature.

For this category, evidence of trail user impacts
resulting from the erosion feature includes
more than one of the following: trail widening,
braided trails, unsanctioned trails, soil
compaction, and vegetation trampling.

Medium
Medium Erosion
There are one or two noticeable ruts forming
along the length of the trail, and there are some
observations that it significantly interferes with
pedestrian and cycling activities.

For this category, evidence of trail user impacts
resulting from the erosion feature includes one
of the following: trail widening, braided trails,
unsanctioned trails, soil compaction, and
vegetation trampling.

Low
Low Erosion
There is a shallow rill forming along the length
of the trail, but there are no observations that it
significantly interferes with pedestrian and
cycling activities.

There is no evidence of trail users negatively
impacting adjacent vegetation to avoid this
erosion feature.

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2.4 Results

2.4.1 Biological Communities and Vegetation Management
Non-sensitive biological communities in the Study Area include developed areas, coast live oak woodland (Quercus agrifolia, S4 G5), eucalyptus groves (Eucalyptus spp., not ranked), coyote brush scrub (Baccharis pilularis, S5 G5), California sagebrush scrub (Artemisia californica, S5 G5), chamise chaparral (Adenostoma fasciculatum, S5 G5), non-native annual grassland (not ranked), and developed. Sensitive biological communities include California bay woodland (Umbellularia californica, S3 G4), arroyo willow thickets (Salix lasiolepis, S3 G4), and California buckeye groves (Aesculus californica, S3 G3). Figure 2.2 and Figure

2.3 shows the location of each biological community for WDL and SJC, respectively. Descriptions for each biological community are provided below, the mapped extent of each biological community within each open space is identified in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4. Biological Communities within the Study Area Biological Community1 Natural Community3 WDL
(acres)
SJC
(acres)5
percent
of Study
Area
Non-Sensitive4
broadleafed upland forest coast live oak woodland 146.75 48.59 52.1 broadleafed upland forest eucalyptus groves 1.59 0.05 0.4 coastal scrub coyote brush scrub 18.82 18.45 9.9
chaparral California sagebrush scrub 22.84 - 6.1
chaparral chamise chaparral 52.01 - 13.9
chaparral mixed shrub 8.97 - 2.4
valley and foothill grassland non-native annual grassland 8.78 4.93 3.7 developed2 0.84 2.07 0.8
Sensitive4
broadleafed upland forest California bay woodland 22.62 - 6.0 riparian woodland arroyo willow 7.23 5.87 3.5
riparian woodland California buckeye groves 1.70 1.68 0.9 1Holland (1986), 2Biological community not described in Holland (1986), 3Sawyer et al. (2009), 4Determination based on the List of California Sensitive Natural Communities (CDFW 2021), 5Study area includes both public and private parcels within mapped extent.

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Figure 2.2. San Juan Canyon Open Space Land Cover Types DRAFT Open SSpaace Ma Managagementt Pla Plan
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Figure 2.3. Waterdog Lake and Open Space Land Cover Types CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 57

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Coast live oak woodland (Quercus agrifolia, S4 G5) are known from the outer and inner Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and southern coast from northern Mendocino County south to San Diego County. This vegetation community is typically located on terraces, canyon bottoms, slopes, and flats underlain by deep, well-drained sandy or loam substrates with high organic content (Sawyer et al. 2009). Within the Study Area, coast live oak woodlands occupy approximately 194 acres, or 51.8 percent. Coast live oak woodlands are generally found in the cooler, north-facing slopes in WDL and throughout SJC. Dominant species in the tree layer include coast live oak, California bay, and California buckeye, with coast live oak comprising greater than 50 percent of the relative cover in this stratum, with less than 30 percent relative cover of California bay. Most stands contain a relatively dense and well-developed tree canopy reducing the density of a shrub layer to scattered individuals. Shrub species observed in the coast live oak woodlands include poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), sticky monkey flower (Diplacus aurantiacus), coyote brush, toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea), and blueblossom (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus). The herbaceous layer is dominated by a mix of shade tolerant native herbs and non-native, invasive forbs. Native species includes but is not limited to the following: common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), California mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), miner’s lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata), soaproot (Chloragalum pomeridianum), bee plant (Scrophularia californica). Non-native herbaceous species include oat grass (Avena fatua), ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), scarlet pimpernel (Lysimachia arvensis), and sow thistle (Sonchus asper).

Eucalyptus groves (Eucalyptus spp., not ranked) are known from the Coast Ranges and Central Valley, typically as planted woodlands and shelterbelts to buffer coastal winds and provide shade. These groves are not described in Holland (1986), but are included in Sawyer et al. (2009), which describes eucalyptus groves as Eucalyptus globulus Semi-Natural Woodland Stands. This vegetation alliance is dominated by one of several eucalyptus species, which are not native to North America. Eucalyptus groves are frequently situated in rural and semi-urbanized settings, along streams, and coastal hills and prairies. Eucalyptus groves comprise 0.4 percent of the Study Area and is limited to a small stand within the northeastern corner of Waterdog, at the end of Cliffside Court. A small stand of trees was observed in SJC, along Ralston Ranch Road.

Coyote brush scrub (Baccharis pilularis, S5 G5) is described by Sawyer (2009) as known from the outer Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada Foothills from Del Norte County south to San Diego County. This vegetation community is typically located on river mouths, riparian areas, terraces, stabilized dunes, coastal bluffs, open hillsides, and ridgelines on all aspects underlain by variable substrate of sand to clay (Sawyer et al. 2009). Within the Study Area, this biological community often intergrades with coast live oak woodland and California sagebrush scrub, and share many of the common species found in the understory, like poison oak, California sagebrush, blue blossom, and California blackberry (Rubus ursinus).

California sagebrush scrub (Artemisia californica, S5 G5) is known from the outer Coast Ranges, western Transverse Range, and Peninsular Ranges from Marin County south to San Diego County. This vegetation community is typically located steep, well-drained slopes underlain by shallow alluvial and colluvial derived soils (Sawyer et al. 2009). Within the Study Area, California sagebrush scrub is only found within Waterdog. This community often intergrades with coast live oak woodland, California bay woodland, and coyote brush scrub. The majority of California sagebrush scrub occurs in the southeastern section of Waterdog. Coast live oak was occasionally observed within this scrub community, but the individual oak trees were still relatively small and is at low cover. Other shrub species observed include coyote brush, poison oak, and sticky monkey flower. Species within the herbaceous layer consist of a mix of native and Open Space Management Plan
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nonnative species; native species include purple needle grass and Pacific sanicle, non-native species include compact brome and scarlet pimpernel.

Chamise chaparral (Adenostoma fasciculatum, S5 G5) occurs across cismontane California in a variety of topographic settings from coastal bluffs to steep, lower montane slopes (Sawyer et al. 2009). This biological community is found only at Waterdog, on the arid, south-facing slopes. Other shrub species observed within this community include California sagebrush, coyote brush, poison oak, blueblossom, sticky monkey flower, and common manzanita (Arctostaphylos manzanita). Occasionally, French broom was also observed (Genista monspessulana). Native species observed in the herbaceous layer include purple needle grass (Stipa pulchra), manroot (Marah fabacea), and soap plant. Non-native species include compact brome (Bromus madritensis), scarlet pimpernel, and black mustard (Brassica nigra).

Mixed shrub (no ranking) consists of an even mix of California sagebrush, chamise, and coyote brush in the shrub layer. Since these three species are co-dominants (approx. 30 percent relative cover each), this does not fit into any of the vegetation classifications and membership rules described by the Manual of California Vegetation (CNPS 2022b). Other non-dominant shrubs include sticky monkey flower, toyon, fuchsia flowered gooseberry (Ribes speciosum), and buck brush (Ceanothus cuneatus). Species observed in the herbaceous layer are similar to the other shrub-scrub communities described previously.

Non-native annual grassland (no ranking) is described by Holland (1986) as a dense to sparse cover of nonnative annual grasses with flowering culms 0.2- to 1-meter-high and is often associated with numerous species of showy-flowered annual forbs. Most species found in this biological community within the Study Area include non-native grasses and forbs that are characteristic of disturbed areas. This includes oatgrass (Avenua fatua), black mustard (Brassica nigra), bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), common stork’s bill (Erodium botrys), Italian ryegrass (Festuca perennis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), barley (Hordeum murinum), burr medic (Medicago polymorpha), Harding grass (Phalaris aquatica), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata), and lesser trefoil (Trifolium dubium). Native species observed in this habitat type include purple needlegrass (Stipa pulchra), nude buckwheat (Eriogonum nudum), California goldfields (Lasthenia californica), pineapple weed (Matricaria discoidea), and Torrey’s melic grass (Melica torreyana).

Occasionally, there are small individuals of coast live oak or coyote brush appearing in this community, but this generally appears at less than 1 percent absolute cover – i.e., not in large enough absolute or relative cover to be classified as coast live oak woodland or coyote brush scrub. Generally, no clear dominants for any of the species listed above were observed in this habitat type; as such, there was no vegetation community from the Manual of Californica Vegetation that was suitable to be applied. Nonnative annual grassland is found in both open spaces, has no ranking, and is not considered to be a sensitive habitat type.

Developed areas are areas within the park extent that have been cleared of natural vegetation communities and sometimes consist of impermeable surfaces like concrete. Developed areas are fairly limited within the open space areas (approximately 2 percent of the Study Area) and are restricted to the outer edges of the open spaces that are adjacent to residences.

California bay woodland (Umbellularia californica, S3 G4) are known from the inner and outer Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Sierra Nevada Foothills from Del Norte County south to San Diego County.

This vegetation community is typically located on terraces, canyon bottoms, north-facing slopes, and rock outcrops underlain by shallow to deep sand to loam substrates (Sawyer et al. 2009). Within the Study Area, this community type is found along streams in canyon bottoms and intergrades with arroyo willow

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thickets. Dominant species in the tree layer include California bay and coast live oak with California bay comprising greater than 30 percent of the relative cover in this stratum. In most locations, the tree canopy is extremely dense, therefore reducing the shrub and herbaceous layers within these communities.

Scattered individuals of shrubs include poison oak, and fuchsia flowered gooseberry. The herbaceous layer is relatively depauperate and dominated by shade tolerant forbs including California maidenhair (Adiantum jordanii), miner’s lettuce, California bedstraw (Galium californicum), manroot, Pacific sanicle (Sanicula crassicaulis), and chickweed (Stellaria media). California bay is a noted alternate host for sudden oak death (SOD) caused by the water mold, Phytophthera ramorum.

Arroyo willow thickets (Salix lasiolepis, S4 G4) are common throughout the state of California and consist of a canopy dominated by arroyo willows. To qualify as a true arroyo willow thicket, there must be 50 percent relative cover in the shrub or tree canopy (Keeler-Wolf et al. 2003) or at least 25 percent absolute cover. Understory plants consist of typical scrub vegetation which varies throughout the community’s geographic range. This community is typically found along stream banks and benches, slope seeps, and along drainages (CNPS 2020b). Within the Study Area, arroyo willow thickets are found along canyon bottoms, adjacent to streams. Coast live oak trees are also found within the tree stratum but are typically around 10-15 percent of the relative cover. Poison oak is found growing among the arroyo willows, with stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), bee plant, common snowberry, and soap plant occurring in the herbaceous layer.

California buckeye groves (Aesculus californica, S3 G3) are known from the southern Cascade Range, Coast Ranges, northern Transverse Range, and Sierra Nevada Foothills from Siskiyou County south to Ventura County. This vegetation community is typically located on shallow, moderate to well-drained soils in canyons and alluvial terraces (Sawyer et al. 2009). Within the Study Area, California buckeye groves can be found along canyon bottoms, adjacent to streams; this commonly intergrades with the California bay and arroyo willow thickets along the riparian corridor. California buckeye groves are limited, at 0.9 percent of the Study Area. Co-dominant species within the tree stratum include California buckeye, California bay, and coast live oak. The understory is fairly depauperate, with coyote brush and stinging nettle being the most observed species.

2.4.2 Special-Status Species
Since both WDL and SJC contain similar habitats (e.g., coyote brush scrub, coast live oak woodland, arroyo willow thickets, and annual grasslands), the assessment of special-status species applies to both parks, unless otherwise noted.

A total of 94 special-status plant species and 59 special-status wildlife species were evaluated for potential to occur within the Study Area. Of these, 11 special-status plant species and 7 special-status wildlife species have moderate/high potential to occur or are present within the Study Area. Species were ruled out if the Study Area was not within the known/expected range for the species, if the Study Area does not contain suitable habitat/microhabitat necessary to support this species, or if the species is generally understood to be extirpated from the region. All plant and wildlife species observed during the March 2022 site visits are included as Attachment A. The full list of the special status-species considered for this project is listed in Attachment B. Each species that has moderate/high potential to occur on site, or are present, are discussed below.

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Plants
Franciscan onion (Allium peninsulare var. franciscanum), CRPR 1B.2. Present. Franciscan onion is a perennial forb in the lily family (Liliaceae) that blooms from May to June. It typically occurs on dry hillsides underlain by clay substrate, often derived from serpentine, in cismontane woodland and valley and foothill grassland habitat at elevations ranging from 165 to 975 feet (CDFW 2022, CNPS 2022). This species has a serpentine affinity rank of weak indicator (1.8) (Safford et al. 2005). Associated species include California bay, California buckeye, coast live oak, leather oak (Q. durata), and purple needlegrass (CDFW 2022). This species was documented within both WDL and SJC open spaces in 2015, located within coast live oak woodland (CDFW 2022). This species was not observed during the March site assessments; however, the surveys did not take place during the blooming period for this species and was not intended to be a rare plant survey.

Bent-flowered fiddleneck (Amsinckia lunaris), CRPR 1B.2. Moderate Potential. Bent-flowered fiddleneck is an annual forb in the forget-me-not family (Boraginaceae) that blooms from March to June. It typically occurs in open areas within cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grassland, and coastal bluff scrub habitat often underlain by clay substrate at elevations ranging from 10 to 1,625 feet (CDFW 2022, CNPS 2022). Associated species include coast live oak, buck brush, poison oak, common yarrow, goldenback fern (Pentagramma triangularis), one-sided bluegrass (Poa secunda), woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum lanatum), and slender wild oat (Avena barbata) (CDFW 2022). Cismontane woodland and valley and foothill grassland habitats are present within the Study Area. The nearest documented CNDDB occurrence is 1.5 southwest of SJC open space, and 1.5 miles northwest of Waterdog, in 2018 (CDFW 2022). This occurrence was in native and non-native grassland on a south-facing slope; similar habitats are found within the Study Area.

Pink star-tulip (Calochortus comosa), CRPR 4.2. Moderate Potential. Coastal scrub and meadows and seep habitat are present within the Study Area, along with seasonally moist meadows and forested habitats.

The nearest occurrences are 5 miles to the northwest, within the Crystal Springs reservoir recreation area.

San Francisco collinsia (Collinsia multicolor), CRPR 1B.2. Present. San Francisco collinsia is an annual herb that blooms from March to May. It typically occurs in closed-cone coniferous forest and coastal scrub at elevations ranging from 100 to 900 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include poison oak, coyote brush, California coffeeberry (Frangula californica), snowberry, California blackberry, western leatherwood, oso berry (Oemleria cerasiformis), baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii), and California buttercup (Ranunculus californicus, CDFW 2022). Coastal scrub habitat and moist, shady scrub or forest microhabitat is located within the Study Area boundary; there is one CNDDB occurrence in SJC and two CNDDB occurrences in WDL Open Space.

Western leatherwood (Dirca occidentalis), CRPR 1B.2. Present. Western leatherwood is a deciduous shrub in the mezereum family (Thymelaeaceae) that blooms from January to April, but is typically identifiable via vegetative structures into late summer and/or early fall. It typically occurs on brushy, mesic slopes in partial shade in broadleaf upland forest, chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest, cismontane woodland, North Coast coniferous forest, riparian forest, and riparian woodland habitat at elevations range from 165 to 1,285 feet (CDFW 2022, CNPS 2022, Baldwin et al. 2012). Associated species include coast live oak, California bay, poison oak, toyon, California buckeye, coyote brush, yerba buena (Clinopodium douglasii), sword fern (Polystichum munitum), Pacific sanicle, and Douglas iris (Iris douglasiana) (CDFW 2022).

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Western leatherwood has several CNDDB occurrences within WDL and was observed during trail and habitat assessment surveys in March.

California bottle-brush grass (Elymus californicus), CRPR 4.3. Moderate Potential. California bottle-brush grass is a perennial graminoid in the grass family (Poaceae) that blooms from May to November. It typically occurs along stream banks or other mesic sites within broadleaf upland forest, cismontane woodland, North Coast coniferous forest, and riparian woodland habitat at elevations ranging from 45 to 1,530 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), California bay, red alder (Alnus rubra), California hazelnut (Corylus cornuta var. californica), California coffeeberry, California blackberry, sword fern, hedge nettle (Stachys ajugoides), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and woodland brome (Bromus laevipes) (CNPS 2022, California Consortium of Herbaria 2022). California bottle-brush grass has a moderate potential to occur in the Study Area due the presence of broadleafed upland forest, cismontane woodland, and riparian forest habitats are located within the Study Area, and microhabitats of sandy humus soils are also present to support this species. The nearest documented CNPS occurrence is 2 miles to the northeast.

San Mateo woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum latilobum), FE, SE, CRPR 1B.1. High Potential. San Mateo woolly sunflower is a perennial herb that blooms from May to June. It typically occurs in cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, and lower montane coniferous forest habitats at elevations ranging from 150 to 1085 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include coast live oak, California buckeye, California bay, foothill needle grass (Stipa lepida), California sagebrush, and white globe lily (Calochortus albus) (CDFW 2022). Suitable habitat of cismontane woodland and coastal scrub habitats are located within the Study Area, microhabitats of roadcuts are present, and most of the associated species were also observed throughout the Study Area. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is 1.5 miles to the northwest, along a road.

Harlequin lotus (Hosackia gracilis), CRPR 4.2. Moderate Potential. Harlequin lotus is a perennial forb in the pea family (Fabaceae) that blooms from March to July. It typically occurs in wetlands or ditches in broadleaf upland forest, coastal scrub, closed-cone coniferous forest, cismontane woodland, coastal prairie, meadow and seep, marsh and swamp, North Coast coniferous forest, and valley and foothill grassland habitat at elevations ranging from 0 to 2,275 feet (CNPS 2022). This species has a wetland indicator status of facultative wetland (FACW). Associated species include coyote brush, little quaking grass (Briza minor), California oat grass (Danthonia californica), blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneanum) (CCH2 2022). Suitable habitat of broadleafed upland forest, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, marshes and swamps, and meadows and seeps and microhabitats of wetlands and roadsides are present. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is approximately 2 miles west of the Study Area.

Bristly leptosiphon (Leptosiphon acicularis), CRPR 4.2. Moderate Potential. Bristly leptosiphon is an annual forb in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae) that blooms from April to July. It typically occurs in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal prairie, and valley and foothill grassland habitats at elevations ranging from 175 to 4,875 feet (CNPS 2022). Bristly leptosiphon has a moderate potential to occur within the Study Area due to the presence of associated species and vegetation types; however, this species typically occurs in natural open or herbaceous serpentine and/or volcanic areas. The nearest CNPS occurrence is 2.5 miles to the west.

Arcuate bush-mallow (Malacothamnus arcuatus), CRPR 1B.2. Present. Arcuate bush-mallow is a shrub that blooms from April to September. It typically occurs in chaparral and cismontane woodland habitats Open Space Management Plan
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at elevations ranging from 50 to 1165 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include coast live oak, bigberry manzanita (Arctostaphylos glauca), chamise, western leather wood, California sagebrush, coyote brush, and buck brush (CDFW 2022). Chaparral and cismontane woodland habitat and gravelly alluvium microhabitats are present within the Study Area, in addition to a documented CNDDB occurrence within WDL as of 2013. This species was not observed during the March 2022 trail assessment and habitat reconnaissance surveys, which was conducted before the bloom period.

Woodland woolythreads (Monolopia gracilens), CRPR 1B.2. Present. Woodland woolythreads is an annual herb that blooms from March to July. It typically occurs in broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, north coast coniferous forest, and valley and foothill grassland habitats at elevations ranging from 330 to 3935 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include yerba santa (Eriodictyon spp.), chamise, buck brush, poison oak, bigberry manzanita, and sticky monkey flower (CDFW 2022).

Suitable habitat of broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, and valley and foothill grassland and microhabitat of grassy sites in openings is present to support this species. There is a CNDDB occurrence within/adjacent to Waterdog; this record was documented in the 70s, and location is approximate, not exact.

Choris’s popcornflower (Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. chorisianus), CRPR 1B.2. Moderate Potential.

Choris’s popcornflower is an annual herb that blooms from March to June. It typically occurs in chaparral, coastal prairie, coastal scrub at elevations ranging from 10 to 525 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include common yarrow, coyote brush, common toad rush (Juncus bufonius), brass buttons (Cotula coronopifolia), fringed willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum), California blackberry and Buck’s horn plaintain (Plantago coronopus) (CDFW 2022). Chaparral and coastal scrub habitats are located within the Study Area, and microhabitats of mesic sites (and low-lying depressions) are present to support this species. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is approximately 2 miles to the southwest.

Chaparral ragwort (Senecio aphanactis), CRPR 2B.2. Present. Chaparral ragwort is an annual herb that blooms from January to April. It typically occurs in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub at elevations ranging from 50 to 2625 feet (CNPS 2022). Associated species include California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), nude buckwheat, stork’s bill, redstem filaree, black sage (Salvia mellifera), California sagebrush, and soap root. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, and coastal scrub habitats are present within the Study Area, and there is a CNDDB occurrence within or near Waterdog.

Wildlife
Moderate or higher potential to occur
Western (Pacific) pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata), CDFW Species of Special Concern. The western pond turtle is the only native freshwater turtle in California. This turtle is uncommon to common in suitable aquatic habitat throughout California, west of the Sierra-Cascade crest and Transverse Ranges.

Western pond turtles inhabit perennial aquatic habitats, such as lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and canals that provide submerged cover and suitable basking structures, such as rocks and logs (Zeiner et. al. 1990).

Western pond turtles prefer to nest on unshaded upland slopes close to their aquatic habitat, and hatchlings require shallow water with relatively dense emergent and submergent vegetation for foraging for aquatic invertebrates (Jennings and Hayes 1994).

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A small number of turtles were briefly observed swimming in WDL, although it could not be determined whether the turtles were invasive red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta) or pond turtles. Turtle habitat in general within the Study Area is limited to WDL, as no other perennial water bodies of this size exist.

Emergent vegetation is present on the side of the lake most distant from the existing dam, and downed timber and rocky shorelines could provide suitable basking sites. Breeding habitat at this location would mostly be limited to the slope against the existing levee, which appears highly trafficked by recreational users. Given the presence of suitable habitat and the observation of turtles in WDL, it is highly likely that native turtles such as western pond turtle could be present in this aquatic habitat and occasionally in adjacent uplands.

Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), CDFW Species of Special Concern. The olive-sided flycatcher is a summer resident in California, wintering in Latin America. It breeds in a variety of forested habitats, typically coniferous forests at higher elevations, but also in mixed forest and woodlands at lower elevations. Breeding habitat is often associated with forest openings and edges, both natural (e.g., meadows, canyons) and man-made (e.g., logged areas) (Altman and Sallabanks 2012). Nests are usually in conifers, and placed at variable height on the outer portions of branches. This species forages for insects, usually from prominent tree snags.

Although this species was not observed during site visits, mixed low-elevation forests are common within the Study Area and could support nesting by this species. This species may be more commonly observed foraging within the Study Area.

White tailed kite (Elanus leucurus), CDFW Fully Protected Species. The white-tailed kite is resident in open to semi-open habitats throughout the lower elevations of California, including grasslands, savannahs, woodlands, agricultural areas and wetlands. Vegetative structure and prey availability seem to be more important habitat elements than associations with specific plants or vegetative communities (Dunk 1995).

Nests are constructed mostly of twigs and placed in trees, often at habitat edges. Nest trees are highly variable in size, structure, and immediate surroundings, ranging from shrubs to trees greater than 150 feet tall (Dunk 1995). This species preys upon a variety of small mammals, as well as other vertebrates and invertebrates.

While this species is usually observed in closer proximity to San Francisco Bay, higher elevation areas characterized by small trees interspersed with grasses and low shrubs could provide nesting or foraging habitat for this species within the Study Area.

San Francisco (saltmarsh) common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas sinuosa), CDFW Species of Special Concern. This subspecies of the common yellowthroat is found in freshwater marshes, coastal swales, riparian thickets, brackish marshes, and saltwater marshes. Their breeding range extends from Tomales Bay in the north, Carquinez Strait to the east, and Santa Cruz County to the south. This species requires thick, continuous cover such as tall grasses, tule patches, or riparian vegetation down to the water surface for foraging and prefers willows for nesting (Shuford and Gardali 2008).

Although this species is more typically documented nesting in salt marshes around the San Francisco Bay Area, more isolated patches of riparian vegetation within the Study Area could potentially support nesting by this species. This type of vegetation exists around WDL and along stream drainages adjacent to trails.

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Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), WBWG Medium. Hoary bats are highly associated with forested habitats in the western United States, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. They are a solitary species and roost primarily in foliage of both coniferous and deciduous trees, near the ends of branches, usually at the edge of a clearing. Roosts are typically 10 to 30 feet above the ground. This species tolerates a wide range of temperatures and has been captured at air temperatures between 0 and 22 degrees Celsius. They usually emerge late in the evening to forage, typically from just over one hour after sunset to after midnight.

Many of the CNDDB occurrences in the immediate vicinity that document this species are older “specimen samples” from the early 1900’s. However, this species is known to occur in forested habitats within the San Francisco Bay Area and immediate vicinity. Forested habitats within the Study Area, particularly in the vicinity of riparian areas that could provide sources of forage, should thus be considered to have moderate potential to support Hoary bat and other non-status bats with baseline protections.

San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes annectens), CDFW Species of Special Concern.

This subspecies of the dusky-footed woodrat occurs in the Coast Ranges between San Francisco Bay and the Salinas River (Matocq 2004). Occupied habitats are variable and include forest, woodland, riparian areas, and chaparral. Woodrats feed on woody plants, but will also consume fungi, grasses, flowers, and acorns. Foraging occurs on the ground and in bushes and trees. This species constructs robust stick houses/nests in areas with moderate cover and a well-developed understory containing woody debris.

Breeding takes place from December to September. Individuals are active year-round and generally nocturnal.

Woodrat houses were observed widely throughout the Study Area, both along riparian strips and in more upland thickets of various types of shrubs. Densest concentrations of houses, however, were observed along creek drainages. While no individual woodrats were observed, this species should be assumed to have potential to nest in any portion of the Study Area with a relatively dense understory.

American badger (Taxidea taxus), CDFW Species of Special Concern. The American badger is a large, semifossorial member of the Mustelidae (i.e. weasel family). It is found uncommonly within the region in drier open stages of most scrub, forest, and herbaceous habitats where friable soils and prey populations are present. Badgers are typically solitary and nocturnal, digging burrows to provide refuge during daylight hours. Burrow entrances are usually elliptical (rather than round), and each burrow generally has only one entrance. Young are born in the spring and independent by the end of summer. Badgers are carnivores, preying on a variety of fossorial mammals (especially ground squirrels) and occasionally other vertebrates and their eggs. Home ranges for this species tend to be large, depending on the habitat available; population density averages one badger per square mile in prime open country (Long 1973).

This species is likely to avoid highly trafficked areas where trails have been relatively compacted, or densely forested or vegetated habitats that dominate the Study Area. However, friable soils and more open habitats exist in higher elevation locations within the Study Area that could support this species. It thus has moderate potential to occur.

Mountain Lion (Puma concolor), CDFW Candidate Species. Mountain lions are the second largest felid in North America and have the largest geographic range of any carnivore in the western hemisphere that stretches from southern Chile to the Canadian Yukon (CDFW online, accessed 10/19/2023). This large distribution speaks to the extreme adaptability of the species with respect to its ability to exploit a great variety of different habitats. This adaptability is largely explained by the species’ ability to thrive across a

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huge range of environmental conditions. Mountain lions are mobile predators of the landscapes that they inhabit, with home ranges within the Santa Cruz mountains estimated to be between 40 and 150 square miles. Males tend to defend smaller territories against other males and females tend to have larger territories that may overlap with other lion's territories. Deer and smaller mammals make up the majority of mountain lion diets and their hunting activities are mostly nocturnal.

The Study Area represents a pocket of marginally suitable habitat, largely surrounded by urban development. Highway 280 represents a major barrier to dispersal from more suitable habitat in the Santa Cruz mountains, and areas to the west are very densely populated. While some mountain lions may occasionally pass through the Study Area, it is likely that most mountain lions would not traverse into this area due to offsite barriers and onsite recreational activities that are currently present. The Study Area may be temporarily attractive to an individual mountain lion with a higher than typical tolerance for anthropogenic disturbance. However, it is unlikely that the site would remain occupied by a mountain lion for extended periods due to its limited size and correspondingly limited prey availability.

Because the species is so adaptable, if disturbed they would simply move on to another, more suitable part of their range.

Unlikely to occur
California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii). Federal Threatened, CDFW Species of Special Concern. The California red-legged frog (CRLF) is the only native “pond frog” found throughout much of California.

Suitable aquatic breeding habitat is characterized by deep and still or slow-moving water associated with emergent marsh and/or riparian vegetation, typically with at least 20 weeks of continuous inundation (USFWS 2010). Suitable features include ponds (perennial and non-), streams/creeks, seasonal wetlands, springs, seeps, man-made features (e.g. stock ponds, roadside ditches), marshes, dune ponds, and lagoons. Dependent upon local conditions, CRLF may complete its entire life cycle in a particular habitat patch (e.g., a perennial pond suitable for all life stages), or utilize multiple habitat types. In aquatic features that dry down seasonally, CRLFs often undergo aestivation (a period of inactivity) during the dry months, retreating to small mammal burrows or other substrates that provide suitable refugia (Thomson et al. 2016). Adults and sub-adults (newly metamorphosed individuals) may disperse from breeding habitats to nearby riparian and/or aestivation areas in the summer. Conversely, during the rainy season CRLFs may migrate from aestivation sites to waters suitable for breeding. During such dispersals, frogs can travel over one mile over a variety of topographic and habitat types (Bulger et al. 2003). Upland dispersal habitats are variable and typically include riparian corridors, grasslands, and oak savannas.

CRLF has been documented to occur in the vicinity of the Study Area, mainly within Crystal Springs reservoir and wetlands immediate adjacent (CDFW 2022). However, no occurrences have been documented within the Study Area or in locations immediately adjacent. Interstate 280 also constitutes a near complete dispersal barrier for this species, except in locations where hydrologic connectivity allows passage of this species from known occupied habitats and source populations (e.g., San Mateo Creek).

The Study Area does not contain any potential corridors that would allow the passage of this species from known occupied habitats to habitats within the Study Area. Potentially suitable breeding habitats for this species within the Study Area are also extremely limited, given that most stream features are intermittent or ephemeral and do not possess appropriate vegetation for the attachment of egg sacks. WDL has potentially suitable habitat for this species given that it is a perennial water body, but to WRA’s knowledge the species has not been identified within this water body and dispersal to this isolated location is unlikely.

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Considering barriers to dispersal and the relative lack of suitable habitat, CRLF is unlikely to occur within the Study Area.

2.4.3 Habitat Quality
Except for developed portions of the site, eucalyptus groves, and the non-native annual grassland, the plant species observed within the Study Area are mostly native. This is also demonstrated by the biological communities listed in the previous section; over 90 percent of the Study Area consists of native biological communities. Invasive species were observed but were generally limited to patches of less than 50 square feet and represent a small portion of the overall Study Area. Unsurprisingly, the primary cause of vegetation impacts is from unauthorized trails and the inadvertent expanded width of trails (resulting from braided trails).

As such, the overall habitat quality of the Study Area is high quality to moderate quality, with the areas adjacent to trails and residential development generally being moderate quality. Areas adjacent to development/residential tend to be disturbed, via fire breaks that are then recolonized by non-native species annual species (non-native annual grassland). Some areas adjacent to homes were observed to have large patches of ice plant, and vegetation clearing where the tops of coast live oak and other shrubs were removed. Areas with limited anthropogenic influence (set back from residential uses and major trails), have high quality habitat.

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2.4.4 Trail Environmental Conditions
The number of instances where erosion was noticed on both mapped and unmapped trails is shown in Table 2.5. The instances of erosion are categorized by the qualitative level, low, medium, high. In addition, approximately 50 stream crossings were identified along existing trails, and these crossings varied in terms of crossing mechanism. This ranges from a free-span wooden footbridge to a plank placed across the stream, to stepping stones.

Table 2.5. Trail Erosion Instances
Location Low Erosion Medium Erosion High Erosion Total Erosion Instances
WDL
Mapped trails 127 (56%) 77 (34%) 25 (11%) 229
Unmapped trails 59 (83%) 7 (10%) 6 (8%) 71
SJC
Mapped trails 5 (38%) 7 (54%) 1 (8%) 13
Unmapped trails 11 (85%) 2 (15%) 0 (0%) 13

2.4.5 Wildfire Hazard Analysis
Wildfire Hazards
However, according to the Safety Element of the 2035 City of Belmont General Plan WDL lies within the Very High Fire Hazard Zone, and SJC lies with the High Fire Hazard Zone (City of Belmont, 2017). These hazard ratings are based on multiple factors including:
● Vegetation type and density
● Topography (fires that start on slopes tend to travel uphill) ● Weather (including wind speed and direction, and relative humidity) ● Potential Fire Behavior (e.g., flame lengths, ability to generate embers) ● Potential to damage human life and structures
The two open space areas include steeply sloped, vegetated areas adjacent to residential areas and thus have been assigned relatively high wildfire hazard ratings. Figures 2.2 and 2.3 depict vegetation types across the city’s two open space areas. The majority of vegetation in WDL and SJC is coastal live oak.

According to the Wildfire Hazard Reduction and Resource Management Plan prepared by East Bay Regional Park District (2010), the following fuel reduction methods are typically used to reduce wildfire fuels on Bay Area open space lands:

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● Hand Labor;
● Mechanical Treatment;
● Chemical Treatment;
● Prescribed Burning and;
● Grazing.

Due to the configuration of, access to, and slopes within the WDL open space area, the only practical treatments for wildfire fuel reduction are hand labor and grazing. In contrast, SJC has better access for vehicles and large types of equipment, and therefore could be appropriate for using mechanical treatments to reduce wildfire fuels. Due to the proximity of Belmont’s residential areas to adjacent open space areas, neither chemical treatment nor prescribed burning are recommended as fuel reduction treatments.

Fuel Hazards by Vegetation Types
Both ignition potential and fuel hazards are rated depending on the vegetation type as shown in Table

2.6. Table 2.6. Fire Hazard Rating for Fuel Types Vegetation Type Vegetation Type Hazard Rating Ignition Potential1
Grasslands and Herbaceous Vegetation
Coastal Prairie Moderate 2
Serpentine Bunchgrass Grasslands Low 2
California Annual Grasslands Moderate 1
Ruderal Vegetation Moderate 3
Scrub Vegetation
Maritime Chaparral (Manzanita-Chinquapin) Extreme 6
North Coastal Scrub-Xeric Extreme 4
North Coastal Scrub-Mesic High 8
Coyote Brush Scrub High 4
Non-native Scrub High 6
Woodlands and Forest Plantations
Mature Eucalyptus Forest High 1

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Vegetation Type Hazard Rating Ignition Potential1
Young Eucalyptus Forest High 2
Mature Monterey Pine Forest Moderate to High 2
Young Monterey Pine Forest High 2
Oak-Bay Woodland Low 6-8
Redwood Forest Low 8
Riparian Woodland Low 8
Source: Wildfire Hazard Reduction and Resource Management Plan, EBRPD, 2010 1-ignition potential was ranked 1 to 10, where the highest potential is represented by a “1” and the lowest potential is ranked by a “10.”
Wildfires tend to start in vegetation that ignites easily such as annual grasslands, or coastal scrub. Once ignited, these vegetation types have a significant influence on a wildfire’s rate of spread. Woodland areas tend to ignite much more slowly than grassland and shrub vegetation types, but once ignited can contribute to greater heat per unit area, and higher flame lengths. Under extreme weather conditions all vegetation types have the ability to contribute to a wildfire’s rate of spread, heat per unit area, and flame length.

The majority (approximately 147 acres) of vegetation in the WDL open space area is coastal live oak (Figure

2.3), which has a low hazard rating and ignition potential, since it is associated with oak-Bay woodland.

This situation also applies to the SJC open space area, with the majority of vegetation there mapped as coastal live oak. However, the area west of Hastings Drive is classified as chamise which is associated with the North Coastal Scrub-Xeric vegetation type, and has an extreme fuel hazard rating. Based on aerial photograph review, there is a buffer of grass or no vegetation between much of the housing west of Hastings Drive and the chamise vegetation on the open space. The city engages in wildfire fuel reduction activities in the WDL open space area, as depicted in Figures 2.4 and 2.5. There were three areas that were treated in 2021, and another group of areas treated in 2019 and 2021, also shown in Figures 2.4 and

2.5. Open Space Management Plan
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Figure 2.4. Wildfire Fuel Reduction Areas Near Hastings Drive CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 73

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Figure 2.5. Wildfire Fuel Reduction Areas Near Hallmark Drive 74 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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2.5 Conclusions and Considerations

2.5.1 Habitat and Species
Although the habitat within the open space areas appears to be in good health, there are still management considerations that can ensure this valuable community resource continues to thrive, for both residents and wildlife alike. The following conclusions and considerations are a result of observations from the reconnaissance site visits and community feedback.

Sudden Oak Death
Sudden oak death (SOD, or Phythopthora ramorum) is a pathogen that is a common management concern for Belmont’s Open Spaces. Although SOD has been detected in San Mateo County (and much of the west coast), there are no current or active cases reported by statewide, citizen science SOD mapping efforts through Calinvasives or University of California Berkeley’s SODmap (Calflora 2022 and UC Berkeley 2022).

There are no reported cases in SJC open space, and there are three confirmed positive cases documented in Waterdog. These three cases are located along Lake Road Trail on a bay tree in 2014, one along Berry trail on a coast live oak tree in 2008, and another off-trail (southwest of Berry Trail) on a bay tree in 2013.

However, these cases are inactive according to follow-up visits to the same infected trees as part of the Calinvasives mapping program in 2016, 2016, and 2014, respectively (Calflora 2022).

Although there are no known active cases according to these databases, it is still possible that SOD is present and dormant within Belmont’s Open Spaces. Therefore, recommendations for SOD management include adding educational signage and decontamination equipment at all trailheads for these open spaces. Educational signage may include but is not limited to the following: photos that show what symptoms of SOD look like, how to report cases to the citizen science programs mentioned previously (if observed), how to reduce the risk of spread by avoiding trails 24-48 hours after a significant precipitation event and encouraging trail users to remove tracked mud found on the bottom of shoes and bike tires.

Decontamination stations located at access points may include boot brushes and 70 percent isopropyl alcohol spray bottles that are mounted to the educational signage.

Invasive Species
Several observations of invasive species were detected within WDL and SJC.3 This includes ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis, Cal-IPC: High), pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana, Cal-IPC: High), French broom (Genista monspessulana, Cal-IPC: High), and English ivy (Hedera helix, Cal-IPC: High). Trail working groups like Friends of the WDL and WDL Trailkeepers indicated current efforts to control these species, and these efforts were observed during the site assessment. For example, only the vegetative (non-flowering) 3 Invasive species are typically defined as California Invasive Plant Council (Cal-IPC) species rated Moderate or High. Species ranked as “high” is defined as “… species [that] have severe ecological impacts on physical processes, plant and animal communities, and vegetation structure. Their reproductive biology and other attributes are conducive to moderate to high rates of dispersal and establishment. Most are widely distributed ecologically.” Moderate is defined as “… species [that] have substantial and apparent—but generally not severe—ecological impacts on physical processes, plant and animal communities, and vegetation structure. Their reproductive biology and other attributes are conducive to moderate to high rates of dispersal, though establishment is generally dependent upon ecological disturbance. Ecological amplitude and distribution may range from limited to widespread.”
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portions of pampas grass were observed, as someone had removed the flowering heads to prevent the species from re-seeding.

Recommendations for managing invasive species found within the Study Area include early detection and response. Early detection and response are best management practices for invasive species control that focuses monitoring for new or spreading occurrences of undesirable species, then applies the most effective management action for the control of the species. For example, if an invasive species is primarily spread via seed, then attempts would be made to remove the flowering portion of the plant before the seeds have a chance to develop, mature, and spread. Another example would be species that spread via rhizome/stolons; the entire plant would be manually removed to prevent further spread.

Public community meetings for the open space planning efforts indicate that volunteer groups already have this type of program in place; therefore, continued collaboration between the City and community groups would be helpful for invasive species control efforts. Another advantage of the SOD decontamination stations (brushes and rubbing alcohol) also reduces the inadvertent introduction of weedy species by trail users.

Additional Surveys
Due to the large Study Area and number of special-status species with potential to occur, protocol-level surveys for special-status species with high or moderate potential to occur are recommended for any ground or vegetation disturbing activities. Having clearly defined project footprints, or smaller study areas, for protocol-level surveys will allow the City to use resource management budget wisely and comply with applicable federal, state, and local policies. This is because the number of species with potential to occur may be tailored based on the habitat present within the project footprint and will generally result in reduced species that need protocol-level surveys to determine presence/absence.

Generally, appropriately timed work can avoid or minimize impacts to special-status species and sensitive natural resources. For example, vegetation management activities should take place during September through January to avoid impacts to nesting birds. Nesting bird season is generally accepted as February 1 through August 31 for the City of Belmont. Another example includes conducting ground disturbance activities during the dry season (June through October) when possible, particularly if the project footprint will be located near waterways.

Habitat Enhancement and Restoration Opportunities
While most of the habitats found within the open spaces were in good condition, there are still opportunities for habitat enhancement and restoration, particularly within the non-native annual grassland and creek crossing spots within riparian corridors. As stated in the habitat description, the nonnative annual grassland was observed to have mostly non-native species, with some native grasses and forbs. The presence of small patches of purple needlegrass (perennial bunchgrass) found in the understory of shrubs and within disturbed areas is promising, and this could be expanded by additional seeding, or planting more plugs of other perennial native bunchgrasses to compete with the non-native annuals. This should be followed up by monitoring these re-seeded or revegetated areas, with some supplemental water to help perennial bunchgrasses get established.

Generally, stream crossings should be minimized to the greatest extent feasible. Paths may be re-routed or consolidated to reduce the number of stream crossings. Retired crossings should be decommissioned

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by placing signs indicating trail closure and habitat restoration, with physical barriers placed, like logs, while vegetation is filling back in. Vegetation will generally grow back in abandoned trails, but intervention may be needed if soil compaction or vegetation impacts are extensive. Revegetation methods like willow staking are common in riparian restoration efforts and would be appropriate for most creek crossing decommissioning locations within the open space. Where crossings are inevitable, a hydrologically appropriate crossing (that allows passage during high water flow events) should be planned and placed.

This helps the waterway take its natural course with minimal anthropogenic influence, like increased erosion due to mechanical erosion from trail users. Collaborations between the City and with citizen science groups or volunteer groups could help ensure the success of these efforts.

2.5.2 Wildfire Hazard Reduction
Based on the wildfire hazard analysis, the following considerations are offered:
 If the city desires a more aggressive fuel treatment plan, develop and implement an annual fuel treatment plan.
 Maintain the currently treated areas as depicted in Figures 2.4 and 2.5.  Evaluate wildfire fuel conditions in SJC for possible treatment. There are multiple areas with coyote brush scrub that could be treated to reduce wildfire hazards.  Continue to maintain the low vegetation area west of Hastings Drive, and consider expanding this area downhill, subject to avoiding nesting bird season, and any other types of environmental requirements.

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2.6 References
Altman, B., and R. Sallabanks. 2000. Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In The Birds of North America, No. 502 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA Calflora. 2022. Calinvasives Mapping Program – California Plant Pest: Phytophthora ramorum. https://www.calflora.org/entry/pathogen.html?id=pth1. Accessed April 2022. [CDFW] California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2021. List of California Sensitive Natural Communities, Updated August 18, 2021.
https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=153609andinline. Accessed: April 2022 [CDFW] California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2022. Natural Diversity Database, Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch. Sacramento, California. Accessed: March 2022 [CDFG-ESD] California Department of Fish and Game, Environmental Services Division. 1994. A Field Guide to Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreements Sections 1600-1607, California Fish and Game Code. Sacramento, California. January.

City of Belmont. 2017. City of Belmont 2035 General Plan. Adopted November 14, 2017. https://www.belmont.gov/departments/community-development/2035-general-planupdate/final-adopted-general-plan [CNPS] California Native Plant Society. 2022a. Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Accessed: March 2022.
[CNPS] California Native Plant Society. 2022b. A Manual of California Vegetation Online. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. http://vegetation.cnps.org. Accessed March 2022. [Corps] United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2008. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0), ed. J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar, and C.V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-08-28. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.
[Corps] United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5. http://wetland-plants.usace.army.mil/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH East Bay Regional Park District. 2010. Wildfire Hazard Reduction and Resource Management Plan. https://www.ebparks.org/wildfire-hazard-reduction-and-resource-management-plan. Accessed April 2022.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Department of the Army, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631.

Google Earth. 2022 Aerial Imagery 1993-2022. Accessed April 2022.

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Holland, R. F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California.

Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California.

Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2022. Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora. Accessed April 2022.

Long, C. A. 1973. Taxidea taxus. American Society of Mammalogy, Mammalian Species No. 26. 4 pp.

Sawyer, J. O. and T. Keeler-Wolf. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California.

San Mateo County Parks. 2021. Whitepaper prepared by WRA Environmental on environmental impacts from dog-related outdoor recreation. Redwood City, California. [UC Berkeley] University of California Berkeley Forest Pathology and Mycology Lab. 2022. SOD Map Project. 2021 SOD Blitz Results. KMZ downloadable at
https://nature.berkeley.edu/matteolab/?page_id=755. Accessed April 2022. [CCH2] Consortium of California Herbaria: Specimen data from the Consortium of California Herbaria. https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/about.html. Accessed April 2022.

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3.0 Recreation Use Assessment and Benchmarking

3.1 Purpose
This section describes current and potential open space recreation trends and summarizes best practices for trail usage, layout and maintenance within the City of Belmont. The Recreation Use Assessment and Benchmarking section draws from the findings of the Environmental Assessment presented in Chapter 2.

The recommendations in this assessment were used to inform the Management Plan. This section includes an overview of regional surveys of open space related to outdoor recreation activity participation and recreation trends and their implications for the OSMP. Considerations for assessing future recreation use and trail conditions are provided, and an overview of best practices for trail construction, maintenance, and management is included.

Belmont Parks and Recreation Department staff indicated that common activities on open space areas are walking/running, biking, and dog walking. These types of activities are generally referred to as passive, which makes the recreation use occurring on Belmont’s open space lands consistent with existing policies.

3.2 Current Outdoor Recreational Participation
Current and potential future recreation uses of the Belmont open space areas were assessed by examining national, statewide, regional surveys of outdoor recreation participation, as well as results from the community survey for the PROS Plan. Nationally, about 50 percent of people participate in outdoor recreation activities (Outdoor Foundation, 2022). According to the 2012 Outdoor Recreation Trends and Futures report, nationally, both how long and how often people spend time outdoors have increased over the previous 15 years (Cordell, 2012). However, the 2012 Survey on Public Opinions and Attitudes on Outdoor Recreation in California, suggested that the amount of time California respondents spend in outdoor recreation activities had remained roughly the same over the previous five years (California State Parks, 2014). This same study found that common activities for respondents were walking, hiking, and picnicking.

California State Parks (2014) also found that over 38 percent of San Francisco Bay Area respondents4 visited parks at least once a week and about 27 percent used trails at least once a week. San Francisco Bay Area respondents also reported that their time spent at parks was increasing. Additionally, the most common activities reported by San Francisco Bay Area respondents were walking, hiking, and picnicking.

A study of visitors to San Mateo County parks found that respondents most often reported walking/hiking and running while much smaller proportions of visitors reported biking (Roberts et al., 2016). Respondents also indicated that they visited the parks to improve their physical fitness, be with family/friends, connect with nature, improve mental well-being, dog walking, and experience scenic views.

According to the 2021 Belmont Parks, Outdoor Recreation Programs and Open Space Community Survey, respondents typically visited open space areas multiple times per week, typically for a duration of 1-2 hours or more, and typically for the purposes of exercising, communing with nature, and experiencing peace and quiet (“Belmont Parks, Outdoor Recreation Programs and Open Space Community Survey,” 2021). Survey respondents reported living not only in the City of Belmont, but also in nearby 4 Respondents comprised of residents from Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, Santa Clara, San Francisco, San Mateo, Solano, and Sonoma counties.

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neighborhoods in San Mateo, San Carlos, and Redwood City. Belmont Parks and Recreation Department staff indicated that common activities on open space areas are walking/running, biking, and dog walking.

These types of activities are generally referred to as passive, which makes the recreation use occurring on Belmont’s open space lands consistent with existing policy on all parcels, including the John Brooks parcel.

Both anecdotal and documented evidence has shown increased use at park and recreation resources throughout the San Francisco Bay Area since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, WRA conducted a study in San Mateo County Parks that showed a 40 percent increase in use of Pillar Point Bluff and Quarry Parks from 2019 to 2020. Indeed, in 2020, more Americans reported participating in outdoor recreation than ever before (Outdoor Foundation, 2022). However, the Outdoor Foundation found that as many as 25 percent of participants reported that they were unlikely to continue their activities once pandemic impacts subsided. In fact, National Park Service visitation in 2021 was lower compared to the 3 years preceding the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (National Park Service, 2022). Therefore, it is possible that Belmont Open Space Areas experienced a surge in visitor use during 2020, but that use levels have decreased to pre-pandemic levels in 2022.

3.3 Recreation Trends and Implications

3.3.1 Cycling and e-bikes
In general, cycling participation has been rising in recent years, especially in large cities like San Francisco (San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2022). One likely contributor to cycling participation is the growing use of electric pedal assist bicycles (e-bikes) which have had sales increase nearly 50% per year since 2013 (PeopleForBikes, 2017). In addition, e-bike use on trails within parks and protected areas appears to be increasing (PeopleForBikes, 2017). Though mountain biking participation is also increasing nationally (Newcomb, 2020), whether e-bikes are driving this increase is actively being researched (Federal Highway Administration, 2022). According to the 2020 study E-bikes on Public Lands, the majority of e-bike owners who ride on natural surface trails (henceforth: trails) reported owning multiple standard bikes in addition to an e-bike (Perry and Casey, 2020). This finding suggests that existing cyclists are the primary users of e-bikes on trails rather than those who are new to cycling. The implication for this that the number of cyclists on trails may not be increasing dramatically, but rather existing cyclists on trails are switching to e-bikes instead of standard bikes.

Some concerns over the use of e-bikes on trails have been focused on the potential for increased environmental impacts due to e-bikes being heavier, having wider tires, or being able to be ridden further than traditional bikes (Chaney et al., 2019). However, it has been found that e-bikes are essentially equivalent to traditional mountain bikes in terms of trail impact effects (The International Mountain Bicycling Association, 2015). Alternatively, riders of standard mountain bikes have historically expressed concerns about visitor conflict and e-bike riders’ behavior potentially resulting in getting all bikes banned from trails, but tensions seem to have eased in recent years as general bike restrictions have not come to fruition (Felton, 2015).

Under California Vehicle Code (§ 312.5), e-bikes are considered bicycles, not motor vehicles, and are divided into three classes, where Class 1 e-bikes require pedaling to gain electric assist and have a maximum speed of 20mph. Class 2 bikes with throttle-controlled motor and Class 3 allow higher speeds, up to 20 mph and 28mph, respectively. References to e-bikes in this discussion refer solely to Class 1 as agencies that typically allow e-bikes on trails limit the policy to Class 1. Still, agency policies regulating Class 1 e-bikes on trails vary widely. The National Park Service has adopted the policy that e-bikes are Open Space Management Plan
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allowed wherever bicycles are allowed (General Provisions; Electric Bicycles, 2020). California State Parks only allows e-bikes on trails in certain park types, i.e. e-bikes are allowed on trails in State Recreation Areas, while e-bikes are not allowed on trails in State Parks (California State Parks, 2021).5 East Bay Regional Parks District allows e-bikes only on select paved paths (East Bay Regional Parks District, 2019).

More recently, the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District (District) -which does not allow e-bikes on trails - commissioned a set of studies to investigate visitor perceptions and ecological impacts of e-bikes.

A report on these studies to the Board of Directors submitted in March 2022 included a recommendation that e-bikes be allowed wherever bikes were allowed (Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, 2022).

However, the Board decided on June 29, 2022 against the recommendations and to uphold the ban of ebikes on trails – with the exception of 6.5 miles of paved roads and paths.

3.3.2 Electric transportation devices
The use of other electric transportation devices, such as electric skateboards, has the potential to increase usage on trails in open space lands. In fact, major manufacturers of electric skateboards already market some models for trail or “all-terrain” use.6 Additionally, electric transportation devices can often be categorized as powered mobility devices which are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act (Department of Justice, 2014).

3.3.3 General trends
More general recreation trends indicate that photography and nature-based activities have been increasing in popularity, replacing more traditional outdoor activities like fishing and hunting (Cordell, 2012). In addition, the Survey on Public Opinions and Attitudes on Outdoor Recreation in California found latent demand for some activities where respondents reported that they wanted to start participating or participate more in picnicking and camping activities (California State Parks, 2014). Implications for these trends may include a decrease in fishing in WDL and an increase in shoreline picnicking.

3.4 Assessing Recreation Use

3.4.1 Visitation and Recreation Use
To better gauge recreation use levels on open space lands in the face of emerging trends, many parks assess recreation use. Recreation use is typically categorized as follows: who the visitors are, what activities they do, where they go, and how many visits a site receives (aka visitation). Measuring recreation use can provide monthly, seasonal, and annual data for visitation, but also can be used for funding requests, facility planning, utility capacity estimates, future open space planning, and management actions. Understanding the visitors and their perceptions can help the City meet visitor preferences for recreation for open space areas, evaluate the effectiveness of the diversity, inclusion, and equity goals of the PROS Plan. A brief discussion of recreation use assessment options are provided below. Table 3.1 outlines brief pros and cons of the assessment options as well as what types of data they can be used to collect. Note that the type of technology, survey questions, or locations of data collection must be selected appropriately for the desired data type.
5 E-bikes are allowed on paved roads in California State Parks and generally on paved roads that allow cars. 6 See Onewheel.com and Boostedusa.com

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Table 3.1. Summary of Visitor Survey and Count Methods
Method
Who visitors
are/visitor
perceptions
What
activities
visitors do
Where
visitors go
Number of
visits
On-site visitor survey
Pros: gather lots of information at once for people
actively using the area
Cons: time and resource intensive, only a snapshot
in time

X X X X
Online visitor survey
Pros: gather lots of information at once, assess
latent demand and reasons for not using open
space areas, or decreased open space use
Cons: Not all potential respondents have internet
access, more difficult to control the sample of
respondents selected to survey

X X X X
Visitor counts from on-site observer
Pros: easily collect digital data
Cons: time and resource intensive
X X X
Visitor counts from remote motion-activated
camera
Pros: remote data collection
Cons: time intensive or expensive data analysis
X X X
Visitor counts from automated counters
Pros: remote data collection
Cons: more types of data are more expensive
X X X
Visitor counts from cellphone location data
Pros: data is voluntarily collected and preexisting
Cons: unknown data reliability and potentially
expensive
X X
On-site visitor surveys are useful in gathering large amounts of information from visitors and are a great way to gather demographic and other information regarding who the visitors are, what activities they participated in during their visit, and which trailheads and trails they used in addition to counting the number of visits. Data collected from surveys are often used for many years by both the agency involved as well as other local and neighboring agencies and researchers. Pairing on-site surveys with relatively infrequent planning processes such as park and recreation master plans can help keep the snapshot of data relevant and can provide immediate applications for the data. In addition, surveys can help understand visitor perceptions and on-site recreation experiences. If an online survey is used, perceptions can be gauged for potential visitors who have never visited or used to visit but don’t anymore.

Visitor counting systems are the main method park and recreation agencies employ when collecting recreation use data. The term visitor use counting system is used to describe an ongoing effort to measure primarily the number of visits as well as visitors’ locations and activities. In Table 3.1 above, the On-site Open Space Management Plan
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observer, Remote, motion-activated camera, and Automated counters are all methods that can be used as part of a visitor counting system.

An on-site observer can collect a variety of information in addition to the types listed in Table 1 including group size, times of entry and exit, mode of access, and direction of travel. Additionally, observers can informally track compliance with open space regulations. Observers can be placed in multiple locations to assess which trails are being used and how much. When and where observers are stationed can be designed to fill in data gaps or minimize time in the field. Technology advances have made it easy for observers to log data digitally and automatically store in an online-accessible database. Data collection can also be tailored to minimize cleaning and analysis. Unfortunately, staff time conducting on-site observations can be expensive and potentially tedious for the people assigned, sometimes resulting in quality control issues with the data being collected.

Remote, motion-sensing cameras can be used in place of an on-site observer and are already used extensively for wildlife detection. Effective and secure placement can sometimes be challenging depending on the vegetation structure and site conditions. Even with technology advances photos typically must be manually downloaded and analyzed by staff.

The most common method used in visitor counting systems is automated counters. These types of counters range in complexity from a simple tally of visitors passing by an infrared beam that must be manually downloaded; to an integrated bicycle, pedestrian, equestrian counter automatically uploading data including activity type, direction of travel, and total number of visits to an online portal. Selecting automated counters depends on the type of information desired, and the budget. Automated counters must also be regularly maintained by staff to ensure quality data.

Continuing advancements in cellphone technology allows for passive tracking of location data. Some applications facilitate location tracking and allow users to voluntarily share data which can also made publicly available. An example of this type of app is Strava. Because this data comes from specific users who decided to use a particular app designed for tracking specific activities, the information gleaned about where visitors go in the open space can only be applied to a subset of people. Without other visitor counting technologies, there is no way to determine what proportion of visitors have been accounted for.

Other applications track user location continuously in the background and sell the data.7 This data can be expensive to purchase, but can potentially represent every visitor who recreates on open space lands with a smartphone.

Additional visitor counting systems regularly employed include automated vehicle counters and reservation systems. Vehicle counters can only be used to estimate number of visits and cannot be used to understand activity type. Reservation systems are typically employed in areas experiencing crowded conditions. Because activity type is of interest to the City and crowded conditions have not been observed or reported, these methods were determined to be unsuitable for the OSMP.

Any programming that the City or its partners want to undertake would do well to count participants not only to gauge the engagement of the program but also to understand the relationship of planned group activities with the visitation overall.
7 Many apps collect location data which may be sold to firms like Streetlight which aggregates the data and sells analysis packages.

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3.4.2 Trail Usage and Density
Both the WDL and SJC Open Spaces have trail systems that are similar in density when compared to nearby open space areas. Trail density is calculated by the total miles of trail over the acreage of the open space.

WDL (293 ac) has a trail density of about .03 miles per acre for the trails included on current City maps - referred to as mapped trails.8 Comparable to WDL in area, the Laurelwood/Sugarloaf Open Space (225 ac) in San Mateo has a trail density of .02 miles per acre. The Laurelwood Park and Sugarloaf Mountain Open Space Management Plan Amendment (City of San Mateo, 2015) found a number of existing trails which are not mapped and not utilized in the trail density calculation (City of San Mateo Parks and Recreation, 2015). When WDL’s trails that do not appear on current City maps are included -referred to as previously unmapped trails- the trail density increases to .04 miles per acre. The activity types allowed on trails in both areas seem to be consistent, allowing hiking, dogs on leash, and biking. Table 3.2 shows the trail mileage for both mapped and previously unmapped trails in Belmont’s open spaces.

SJC (39 acres) has a trail density of .03 miles per acre for mapped trails in the City-owned portion of the area. The total trail density on both City-owned parcels and private parcels, including unmapped trails, is also 0.3 miles per acre. The majority of previously unmapped trails are located on neighboring privately owned parcels. Similar in size to SJC and surrounding parcels are Big Canyon and Eaton Parks (74 acres combined) in San Carlos, where the combined trail density is .05 miles per acre. The 2012 San Carlos Hillside Trails Plan also indicated that well established, unmapped trails existed (City of San Carlos, 2012).

These unmapped trails would further increase the trail density in Big Canyon and Eaton Parks. These San Carlos parks allow hiking and dogs on leash, but do not allow bikes.

Table 3.2. Miles of Trails in Belmont Open Spaces
Trails WDL Trail Miles SJC Trail Miles1 Total
Mapped 8.57 (81%) 1.04 (45%) 9.61 (75%)
Previously unmapped 1.96 (19%) 1.26 (55%) 3.22 (25%)
All 10.53 (100%) 2.3 (100%) 12.83 (100%)
1Includes both City and neighboring parcels.

Though research on the effects of trail density on wildlife and their habitat is limited, some studies have investigated the effect of trail creation on wildlife. Miller et al., (2020) suggest that the construction of new trails can negatively alter wildlife habitat in the short term, but species rebound and return to the area quickly. In addition, a study of urban open spaces in Ohio found that trails and recreationists did not limit the movement of wildlife (Escalambre, 2020). Similarly, a study conducted in San Francisco Bay Area open spaces found that different types of recreation activities -namely hiking and biking- do not seem to negatively impact wildlife (Reilly et al., 2017). Reilly et al., found that domestic dogs did seem to have a small effect on wildlife, but the effect was limited to a small number of species, in particular, nesting birds, and carnivores. WRA conducted an environmental assessment for Quarry Park and Pillar Point Bluff Park in San Mateo County and did not find any impacts from dogs on wildlife and plant species found in those parks. As part of this same project, WRA conducted a comprehensive review of studies that examined dog 8 Current City trail maps were developed in 2003. The trails shown on these maps are referred to as mapped trails. Other trails exist but are not shown on these maps, these trails are referred to as previously unmapped.

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related recreation impacts on wildlife across multiple park and recreation areas but found scant evidence of chasing or killing wildlife. Finally, the Environmental Assessment section of the OSMP found that wildlife habitats in WDL and SJC are in good condition suggesting that the current trail usage and trail density are not having undue negative impacts.

3.4.3 Trail Condition Assessment
During March and April 2022, WRA staff recorded trail conditions for the trail systems in both WDL and SJC.9 Chapter 2.3.4 includes a description of the methods used for this assessment – note that this effort was not a comprehensive inventory. Point data of erosion instances and linear data of previously unmapped trails are shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. In addition, WRA also noted stream crossings and if adjacent vegetation shows signs of impacts (trampling, what appears to be obvious/illegal vegetation trimming).
9 Trail connections across neighboring private parcels are included.

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Figure 3.1. San Juan Canyon Open Space Trail Assessment Open Space Management Plan
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Figure 3.2. Waterdog Lake Open Space Trail Assessment
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Table 3.4 depicts erosion levels for the City’s two open space areas. Most erosion locations were found in the larger WDL Open Space Area, and among those locations, the majority were assessed as “low” on both mapped and previously unmapped trails. For both WDL and SJC the number of locations assessed as having “high” erosion were about one in ten; 8-11 percent for WDL, and 0-8 percent for SJC. These results demonstrate that the trail systems in each open space area are in relatively good condition overall, but that there are locations of “high” erosion that should be addressed immediately.

Table 3.3. Instances of Erosion on Trails
Location Low Erosion Medium Erosion High Erosion Total Erosion Instances
WDL
Mapped trails 127 (56%) 77 (34%) 25 (11%) 229
Previously unmapped
trails 59 (83%) 7 (10%) 6 (8%) 71
SJC
Mapped trails 5 (38%) 7 (54%) 1 (8%) 13
Previously unmapped
trails 11 (85%) 2 (15%) 0 (0%) 13
Trail connections across neighboring private parcels are included in analyses.

Recreational uses can contribute to erosion on trails though the effect is largely mediated by the trail alignment, climate, and soil type (Leung and Marion, 1996). Some studies that have examined the relative impacts of different modes of recreation suggest that hiking trails experience more soil loss than biking trails, and equestrian and motorized trails experience the most soil loss. Typically, more soil loss – and other ecological impacts - results from recreation use occurring off-trail rather than on established trails (Hammitt et al., 2015).

3.5 Conclusions and Considerations
The following considerations offered are aimed at improving the condition of existing trails and managing existing and future recreation use. These considerations are not designed to increase recreation use on trails, and a variety of methods are described. The City may choose to implement one or more methods at their discretion. Considerations were developed from desktop research, field visits, and public comments. Methods consist of established best practices.

3.5.1 Trail Condition and Maintenance
Stream Crossings and Erosion
Attachment C shows specific locations with the most urgent need. Stream crossings should be either removed by rerouting the trail or protected with a structure (e.g. bridges). Trail professionals and Open Space Management Plan
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hydrologists should be consulted to determine the type of structure needed for each stream crossing. 10 Additional areas identified as having high levels of erosion should to be evaluated by trail professionals to determine if trail sections can be improved with drainage features or if the trail needs to be rerouted.

Consider requiring training for volunteers engaged in trail construction and maintenance.

Previously Unmapped Trails
Once stream crossings and erosion issues have been remedied, most previously unmapped trails can be incorporated into City maps, named according to City policy, and wayfinding signage installed. Trail segments that should not be incorporated but rather decommissioned include trail segments surrounding erosion issues – i.e. the re-routing of a trail will result in sections being decommissioned. Additional unmapped trails that should be decommissioned are all those which exist between Waterdog Loop Trail and the shoreline of WDL. The steep slopes in this area not only makes these informal trails hazardous to visitor safety, but also can result in erosion, water quality, and riparian impacts. Decommissioned trails should be closed with signage, soil should be de-compacted and revegetated if needed.

Ongoing Assessments
Recommended trail maintenance standards and guidelines for the City’s open space areas are based on information found in chapter 5 of the County of Los Angeles Trails Manual (County of Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation, 2013). The City may choose to adopt other reputable trail maintenance guidelines.

Trail maintenance should be based regular assessments of trail conditions. For many park and recreation agencies these are done on an annual basis, documenting trail conditions and need for maintenance and or repair. Trail inspectors should record information about runoff and potential effects on water quality of nearby habitats, spread of invasive exotic plants, and status and quality of any known sensitive resources in the immediate vicinity that could be affected by road or trail use and/or maintenance.

Generally, assessments should address the need for conducting the following activities:
● Tree and brush trimming
● Trail grading and reducing surface erosion
● Culvert cleaning
● Maintaining water crossings and structures for wet areas ● Maintaining signage
● Graffiti removal
● Homeless encampment removal
● Fire fuels reduction
10 See Santa Cruz Mountain Trail Stewardship

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3.5.2 Trail Operations and Management
Pilot Policy on Electric Transportation Devices
A pilot policy may be implemented regarding the use of e-bikes, and other electric transportation devices on trails which adheres to ADA regulations. A policy that can be implemented for at least 1 year during which usage, behavior, and visitor perceptions can be monitored is recommended. This policy may allow Class 1 e-bikes on trails where traditional bikes are allowed, similar to local agencies like Santa Clara County. Other electric transportation devices like electric skateboards may not be allowed on natural surface trails as they do not qualify as a bike or e-bike. Other-powered mobility devices as defined by the ADA may only be used by individuals with mobility disabilities on open space trails.

Wayfinding and Site Identification Signage
Wayfinding signage will need to be added to newly incorporated trails and closed signage to newly decommissioned trails to eliminate ambiguity. The City may also consider developing a trail naming policy.

Consistent site identification signage should utilize a similar design across all open space lands and be installed at all designated trailheads. Attachment D shows examples of inconsistent signage design and ambiguous trailheads needing identification.

For trail operation, hours of use should be clearly posted at major access points like trailheads. Other relevant information, such as local regulations, or trail etiquette guidelines, should also be posted in these locations. Closure policies (e.g., wildfire hazard, wet weather conditions) should also be clearly posted. In addition, changes to trail or open space conditions may need to be communicated through multiple methods simultaneously such as website updates, and social media, as well as on-site signage.

Visitor Surveys and Education
Survey visitors and non-visitors to gather information on the effect of management actions on visitor experiences. Some management actions are only measurable by asking visitors about their experience, such as visitor feelings of safety and crowding. Online surveys are recommended to capture responses from people who may not be visiting and help to understand why and if people are being displaced.

The following education-related tools may be implemented at the City’s discretion.  Actively educating visitors on trail etiquette can help improve feelings of safety. The Slow and Say Hello philosophy encourages all trail users to slow down and communicate when passing any other visitor (Marin County Bicycle Coalition et al., 2022). This method does not rely on users memorizing the “share-the-trail” rules and encourages general friendliness.

This method also educates visitors to slow whenever they encounter another user, which can potentially slow speeds overall. Actively educating all trail users can help diffuse feelings of resentment where one user groups feels like they are the only ones behaving correctly.

This tool is recommended to be implemented first and in an ongoing capacity.

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 Actively educating cyclists to use passive bells or providing loaner bells at trailheads can help all users hear when a bike is approaching.11 Actively educating hikers to listen for bells must also happen in order to reduce startling situations.

Measure Recreation Use in Open Spaces
Consider automated counters installed at key trailheads that can differentiate between pedestrians and cyclists. On-site observers could be used instead of automated counters. Observers must be strategically deployed to collect data during all types of hours, days, seasons. Only staff should be used as on-site observers to avoid any bias or perception of bias that may come with the use of volunteers. Any group events should provide an estimate of the number of attendees.

Trail Rules and Etiquette
During the OSMP process, public meeting participants have expressed a wide range of experiences from wonderful to feeling unsafe. Participants who expressed feeling unsafe conveyed that trail user speed was a key factor. To address trail user speed, a variety of tools shown to slow speeds and improve perceptions of safety are provided.

The following trail regulation and design tools would need preemptive actions in order to be implemented. First, public outreach would be needed to identify specific trail segments where user speed is a concern for visitor safety. Second, those trail segments would need to be evaluated to determine the most appropriate tool to be implemented as not all tools may be feasible, effective, or supported by the public.
 Visitors’ feeling of safety may be improved through the addition of regulations around trail user speed, such as signed speed limits or designated slow/walk zones. Many parks have a 15-mph speed limit on trails, however, without speedometers, users are unaware of their speed. Additionally, regulations rely on education and enforcement which can be challenging with limited staffing. Some trail segments may have faster speeds but would be a poor candidate for a slow zone because trail users would be physically unable to slow in time. For these segments, if safety was a concern, a different tool would be needed.  Trail user speed can effectively be reduced through a number of biking specific trail design features described in section 4.1.3 below. Additional general design features include installing flat landings to narrow trails to provide areas of respite and wider areas for passing.
 Designating trails as single use can improve feelings of safety by increasing predictability by allowing only one activity type such as hiking only or biking only. Evaluating if/where this tool is appropriate will rely on visitor perceptions because if trail users do not support the change, compliance may be low. Compliance with single use may also be low if the trail segment is a key connector between other desirable segments or access to trailheads. 11 WRA staff noted during field visits that many cyclists already use passive bells when riding.

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 Designating trails as one-way can reduce the need for passing as well as reduce speed by making steep sections uphill only. Evaluating if/where this tool is appropriate will rely on visitor perceptions because if trail users do not support the change, compliance may be low.

Evaluation of this tool will also rely on existing use patterns, where compliance with oneway directions may be low if existing use patterns show that users typically travel in the opposite direction.

Changes in visitor use patterns to enhance visitor experiences and protect sensitive resources can be facilitated through clearly communicated regulations and result in decreasing visitor conflict and decreasing environmental impacts. Trail closures during or immediately after rain events may help reduce erosion and may reduce vegetation trampling/trail braiding around wet/muddy areas. Temporal separation of visitor activities has also shown success in reducing conflict and unauthorized trail creation.

Direction of travel on trails can be another dynamic management tools. Involving visitors in trail maintenance or clean-up days can be an effective way to teach visitors about trail etiquette, habitat protection, and engagement in management.

3.5.3 Trail Construction and Design
The following section contains guidelines and standards for designing and constructing new trails or rehabilitating existing trails. General information is presented that applies to all trails, followed by specific details for mountain bike trails and for trails that comply with the American with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Many of these standards and guidelines can be found in the California State Park’s Trails Handbook (California State Parks, 2019). The City may choose to adopt trail construction guidelines from other reputable sources.

General Standards and Guidelines
Trail design elements can be effective at protecting the surrounding habitats and in managing visitor use.

Delineating edges of trails can help visitors identify authorized trails and discourages off-trail travel.

Delineating trails can be done with natural materials such as logs or rocks, or with built materials like a short curb on a paved path. Often, if resources are especially sensitive or if off-trail travel is becoming a problem, barriers can be installed at trail margins. Barriers can include fencing or other structures, or they can consist of live vegetation like shrubs. However, sometimes barriers can be ineffective at preventing off-trail travel like that which results in trail braiding and trail widening. Usually in these situations, either a wider trail is needed, or the trail surface needs to be hardened with materials like gravel, or decomposed granite.

Effective trail design can be as simple as ensuring authorized trails access places that people want or need to go, and unauthorized trails are decommissioned effectively. Other trail design elements depend on the current use and desired use of the trail system. Seating, and wider gathering places are often installed at vistas. For these and areas with interpretive signage, such as trailheads, trail surfaces should be wider and hardened.

Locations for new trails should take advantage of existing roads, trails, or other disturbed areas wherever possible and appropriate.

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Strategies should be implemented to keep visitors on trails and discourage informal trail creation. This is particularly important where there are steep slopes and sensitive resources and unauthorized trails that can sometimes result in environmental impacts. These strategies include:
● Install clear directional signage at trailheads and intersections. ● Provide educational signage on trail stewardship, including prohibition of establishment of new trails, shortcuts, etc. without City authorization.
● Install natural features as barriers to minimize unauthorized trail development. ● Use volunteer trail patrols to monitor and document newly developed unauthorized trails. ● Engage trail users in park stewardship.
● Use logs and vegetation debris to block newly developed unauthorized trails ● Trails will be aligned along cross slopes and outsloped as feasible; running slopes will be minimized to avoid erosion to the greatest extent feasible. ● Full bench construction shall be used where feasible. This means the full tread width is supported by undisturbed soil without the need for fill on the downhill side. This technique results in more stable trails that are less susceptible to erosion. ● Locally-sourced materials shall be used for trail construction as available. ● Rolling dips shall be constructed to direct water off the trail for minor seasonal drainage crossings and at appropriate intervals to effectively dewater trail based on trail slope. ● Armored rolling dips shall be constructed at moderate seasonal drainage crossings to minimize erosion and sediment impacts and provide all weather access for trail users. ● New riparian/creek crossings shall be located on geologically stable sites (i.e. low slopes in channel and banks) and constructed to minimize, to the greatest extent possible, streambank and bed erosion.
● Development of new public trails through landslide areas shall be avoided. ● Trail cross slope (perpendicular to the direction of travel) shall be 5 percent maximum, except at armored crossings and rolling dips where cross-slope shall not exceed 10%.

ADA Standards and Guidelines
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that some portion of a recreation resource or trail offer opportunities for those with disabilities. The following standards apply to trail design and construction to ensure reasonable access to all trail users:
● A clear tread width of accessible trails shall be 48” minimum, and 72” maximum. ● Cane-detectable edging shall be provided along at least one side of accessible trails. This can either include an elevation change (such as curb, 3” minimum height), or texture change (such as a transition from gravel to vegetation).
● Running slopes of accessible trails in the direction of travel shall be as follows:
o 5 percent or less for any distance.
o From 5.1 percent to 8.33 percent for 200’ maximum.
o Cross slope (perpendicular to the direction of travel) of accessible trails shall be 3 percent maximum.

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● Where accessible trail clear tread width is less than 60”, and the running slope is greater than 5%, a 60” long resting space shall be provided at least every 200’. ● Accessible trails shall be constructed with an all-weather surface that retains its surface integrity when wet. Examples include stabilized soil or decomposed granite, wood or plastic decking, unit pavers, asphalt paving, or concrete.
● Steps shall not be permitted on accessible trails.
● Accessible trails shall not have tread obstacles, such as roots or rocks, higher than 3” ● Objects that protrude into an accessible trail between 27” and 80” from the ground shall not protrude more than 4”. Objects mounted below 27”, such as interpretive exhibits or benches, may protrude any amount but shall not reduce the clear width of the trail to less than 36”.

Trail Design Features Specific to Mountain Bike Trails
Most of this section offers general standards and guidelines that are applicable to any trail type. However, there are specific aspects of mountain bike trail use that need to be carefully considered during the design process. According to the California State Parks Trail Handbook, an important element in mountain bike trail design is reducing the speed of cyclists. High rates of speed can lead to increased user conflicts with cyclists and other trail users, safety issues, resource degradation, and trail sustainability issues. Reducing mountain biker speed is a means of addressing these issues, and there are several design techniques that can be used to help reduce bike speed, including:
● Increasing trail sinuosity
● Reducing long sight lines
● Staying within the maximum sustainable grade
● Reducing tread width
● Use “run outs” at the bottom of lengthy downhill trail segments to provide for adequate braking distances
● Using natural or artificial features to create pinch points ● Avoiding flat ground to the extent feasible
● Texturing the trail tread
Using these design techniques collectively rather than simply relying on a single technique will result in greater speed reduction, user safety, and user satisfaction. Additional details on each of these techniques may be found in Chapter 6 of the Handbook.

Design of Drainage, Wetland, or Stream Crossings
The open space areas managed by the City of have multiple stream crossings. To maintain the City’s trails in an environmentally sustainable manner, proper cross drainage will be required when a trail or road crosses an existing drainage, wetland, or stream. Whether a pipe or open conveyance is chosen, adequately sizing and sloping the cross drainage to convey up to the 100-year design flow is critical to ensuring long-term functionality with minimal maintenance. Selection and design of each crossing installation will consider, at a minimum, the trail type, required vehicle use and load-bearing capacity, stream type, fish-passage requirements, and estimated flood flows. Project-specific engineering design Open Space Management Plan
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and analysis will be conducted to ensure correct size, material, and placement before construction can begin.

The following standards and guidelines are generally applicable to drainage feature design, and or crossing wetlands and streams:
● Blocked culverts may affect water quality, change the watercourse, increase erosion or sediment runoff, or affect wildlife. Therefore, trails should be designed to minimize the need for culverts.
● Any unstable fill slopes and cut banks that have the potential to erode and negatively affect water quality of nearby wetlands and waters should be removed entirely and graded to a stable contour. These areas should be revegetated with appropriate native species. ● Sediment filtration barriers should be deployed around the edges of unstable slopes as necessary to prevent erosion and runoff into wetlands and waters. ● Grading and other activities associated with road or trail maintenance shall only occur during the dry months (generally April 1 to October 31), when associated erosion can be reduced to the maximum extent possible.

Dips and Water Bars
Rolling/reverse grade dips or water bars will be constructed to disperse flow and to minimize the potential for concentrated flow, which might otherwise cause rilling or gullying. Rolling dips are more durable and drivable than water bars and are therefore the preferred method.

Dip and bar spacing is dependent upon grade, soil type, and expected runoff volume. General guidance for spacing dips is as follows, although the specific engineering specification may differ, depending on site conditions and other factors:
● 2% - 3% grade = 200 to 300 feet
● 5% - 7% grade = 160 to 180 feet
● 8% - 10% grade = 140 to 150 feet
Ditch Relief Culverts and Outlets
Ditch relief culverts are necessary to drain an inside ditch at specified intervals to prevent excess velocities in the ditch or overflow onto the trail from the ditch. Relief culverts convey the flow under and across the trail or roadway to the outsloped area below. When a ditch relief or permanent culvert empties onto a steep slope, an extension of the piping may be warranted to prevent erosion at the outlet.

Slope Stability
Steep slopes adjacent to trails and roadways can result in slumping or gullying that can damage the road or trail and degrade water quality. The following measures are to be considered in stabilizing steep slopes adjacent to trails and roads:
● lay back the slope (modify to 2:1 or flatter) and install vegetation ● rip rap a steep slope (1:1)

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● retaining wall
Slopes that are sloped back to 2:1 or flatter and seeded may also require temporary erosion-control blanket installations to stabilize the hill slope while the vegetation matures. A retaining wall may only be applicable in special cases where a short vertical slope (around 3 to 5 feet) needs to be stabilized in a park area that includes some urban or residential interface.

Biotechnical treatments, such as wattles or woody debris revetments, are the preferred method for slope stabilization over hardscape solutions, such as rip rap, when the designs are feasible under existing and forecasted site conditions.

Catchment Basins
The following methods may be used to capture and infiltrate runoff from any trails or parking areas.

Method selection will be based on the site’s available land area, soil type, groundwater level, and estimated volume of runoff to be collected. All the following options require engineering design prior to installation:
● Dry basin
● Wet basin
● Infiltration trench
● Subsurface infiltration gallery or drywell
Sensitive Areas
The best way to protect sensitive resources is to avoid locating trails in sensitive biological communities to the extent possible. The following standards and guidelines pertain to those situations for which it’s infeasible for the trail to avoid traversing sensitive areas. While many routine maintenance activities will not require special permits, some maintenance activities and new trail construction may. When required, this process will typically result in implementation of best management practices (BMPs) required by the resource agencies. As defined in the OSMP, a BMP is a practice, or combination of practices, that has been determined to be most effective and practicable in preventing or reducing the level of environmental harm created from an activity to a level compatible with environmental goals and regulatory standards.

BMPs can be drawn upon during the resource permitting process and can be supplemented by any additional practices required by the resource agencies. For projects not requiring permits or regulatory involvement, appropriate BMPs should be implemented as necessary and practicable to protect sensitive resources on the City’s open space areas. The general and topically specific practices can be considered as standards to be followed and implemented as appropriate for any road and trail management action.

The BMPs have been divided into categories listed below:
● General
● Sensitive Natural Resources Best Management Practices ● Special-Status Wildlife Best Management Practices
● Special-Status Plants
● Invasive Plants
● Construction contracts
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● Cultural Resources
● Water Quality
● Geologic Hazards
● Air Quality
● Noise
The specific BMPs within each of the categories may be found in Tables 6.2 through 6. 11, in chapter 6 of the Marin County Road and Trail Management Plan (Marin County Parks and Marin County Open Space District, 2014).

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3.6 References
California State Parks. (2014). Survey on Public Opinions and Attitudes on Outdoor Recreation In California 2012. https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27894
California State Parks. (2019). Trails Handbook. https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29174 California State Parks. (2021, August 27). State Parks e-bike policy. E-Bikes in CA State Parks. https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30521
Chaney, R., Hall, P. C., Crowder, A., Crookston, B., and West, J. (2019). Mountain biker attitudes and perceptions of eMTBs (electric-mountain bikes). Sport Sciences for Health, 15, 577–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-019-00555-z
City of San Carlos. (2012). San Carlos Hillside Trails Plan. https://www.cityofsancarlos.org/home/showpublisheddocument/7388/637862165788470000 City of San Mateo Parks and Recreation. (2015). Laurelwood Park and Sugarloaf Mountain Open Space Management Plan Amendment. chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenter/ View/45418/LPSM-Management-Plan-Amendment_March-2015?bidId= Cordell, H. K. (2012). Outdoor Recreation Trends and Futures (General Technical Report SRS-150). U.S.

Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/40453
County of Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation. (2013). County of Los Angeles Trails Manual. https://trails.lacounty.gov/Files/Documents/1138/LA%20County%20Trails%20Manual%20%28Revis ed%2020171031%29.pdf
Department of Justice. (2014, January 31). Wheelchairs, Mobility Aids, and Other Power-Driven Mobility Devices. https://www.ada.gov/opdmd.htm
East Bay Regional Parks District. (2019, March 3). Biking. https://www.ebparks.org/recreation/biking Escalambre, M. (2020). Trail impacts on movement in wildlife corridors: A Cleveland Metroparks case study [Kent State University].
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=kent15943085 48636011
Federal Highway Administration. (2022). The Future of E-bikes on Public Lands Research Study. Federal Lands Planning Program. https://highways.dot.gov/federal-lands/programs-planning/studies/e-bikes Federal Register, General Provisions; Electric Bicycles, 85 FR 69175 (2020). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/11/02/2020-22129/general-provisions-electricbicycles?utm_campaign=subscription+mailing+listandutm_source=federalregister.govandutm_medium= email
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Felton, V. (2015). Digging into the Dirt on E-Bikes. Adventure Journal. https://www.adventurejournal.com/2015/09/digging-into-the-dirt-on-e-bikes/ Gates + Associates. (2021). Belmont Parks, Outdoor Recreation Programs and Open Space Community Survey. https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2PYPNNGV9/ Hammitt, W., E., Cole, D., N., and Monz, C., A. (2015). Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Leung, Y.-F., and Marion, J. L. (1996). Trail degradation as influenced by environmental factors: A state-ofthe-knowledge review. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 51(2), 130–136.

Marin County Bicycle Coalition, Marin Horse Council, and Marin Conservation League. (2022). Slow and say hello. Programs. https://www.marinbike.org/our-programs/off-road/slow-and-say-hello/ Marin County Parks and Marin County Open Space District. (2014). Road and Trail Management Plan. https://www.parks.marincounty.org/-/media/files/sites/marin-county-parks/projects-andplans/road-and-trail-management/system-designation-all/rtmp_final_120614.pdf?la=en Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. (2022). Electric Bicycle Policy Evaluation (R-22-31).

Miller, A., Kays, R., and Leung, Y.-F. (2020). Wildlife response to recreational trail building: An experimental method and Appalachian case study. Journal for Nature Conservation, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125815
National Park Service. (2022, February 16). Annual Visitation Highlights. Social Science. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/socialscience/annual-visitation-highlights.htm Newcomb, T. (2020, June 13). Amid cycling surge, sport of mountain biking is seeing increased saled and trail usage. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/timnewcomb/2020/07/13/amidst-cycling-surgesport-of-mountain-biking-seeing-increased-sales-trail-usage/?sh=5041e3223ddf Outdoor Foundation. (2022). 2021 Outdoor Participation Trends Report. https://outdoorindustry.org/resource/2021-outdoor-participation-trends-report/ PeopleForBikes. (2017). EMTB Land Manager Handbook. https://www.peopleforbikes.org/electricbikes/for-land-managers Perry, N., and Casey, T. (2020). E-bikes on Public Lands. chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://wsd-pfbsparkinfluence.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2021/01/CMU-E-bike-on-Public-Lands-Study-Final2020.pdf Population World Review. (2022). [Map]. https://worldpopulationreview.com/ Reilly, M. L., Tobler, M. W., Sonderegger, D. L., and Beier, P. (2017). Spatial and temporal response of wildlife to recreational activities in the San Francisco Bay ecoregion. Biological Conservation, 207, 117–126.

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Roberts, N., Turalba, R., Tierney, P., Tachibana, R., and Marsh, L. (2016). Visitor Use/Non-Use Parks Study. https://parks.smcgov.org/documents/smc-parks-visitor-study-report San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. (2022). Bike Count and Data Update. https://www.sfmta.com/bicycle-ridership-data
The International Mountain Bicycling Association. (2015). Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Mountain Bicycles, Class 1 Electric Mountain Bicycles, and Motorcycles. https://cdn2.assetsservd.host/material-civet/production/images/documents/A-Comparison-of-Environmental-Impactsfrom-Mountain-Bicycles-Class-1-Electric-Mountain-Bicycles-and-Motorcycles.pdf

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4.0 Management Plan
The purpose of the OSMP is to ensure environmental sustainability, balanced recreation use, and mitigation of natural hazards for the City’s two open space areas. Adopting the over-arching PROS Plan (of which this OSMP is a subset of) will allow the City to augment existing goals and policies pertaining to open space. The City will also be able to commit to specific actions that may require new funding and possibly environmental compliance and permitting requirements.

4.1 Plan Development Process
During the planning process, the City and WRA staff developed a Base Plan and two alternatives to give the City the option of adding emphasis to topics of interest to the community. The Base Plan was developed to be relatively comprehensive to protect sensitive resources, guide trail maintenance, manage recreation, and mitigate the risk of natural hazards. The alternatives represented minor additions to the Base Plan: the Recreation Emphasis Alternative would supplement trail and recreational use policies; and the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative would include additional policies to prioritize the protection of native plant communities and wildlife.

During the May 31, 2022 PROS Plan Advisory Committee meeting, 4 plan options were presented to the community and Committee members, and they were asked which option they preferred. The responses below showed that people preferred the Base Plan with the Recreation Emphasis additions (37%) and the Base Plan plus all additions (40%). After continued discussion, the Committee recommended that both alternatives be combined with the Base Plan to better encompass all the topics desired by the community.

WHICH MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE DO YOU SUPPORT?
Percentage responses1
Base Plan 6%
Base Plan + Recreation Emphasis 37%
Base Plan + Habitat Restoration Emphasis 17%
Base Plan + Recreation Emphasis + Habitat Restoration Emphasis 40% 1Responses for 35 people (including Advisory Committee members and public meeting participants).

4.2 Management Plan Framework
The final management plan framework represents the combined emphasis and community desired topics.12 Three main topic areas or themes were identified through City and public input and are used to organize the components of the plan. The themes include:
 Environmental sustainability,
 Balanced recreation use, and
 Mitigation of natural hazards,
12 In Chapter 4.2, policies that came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative have been identified with a single asterisk (*). Policies that had originally been listed under the Recreation Emphasis Alternative have been identified with a double asterisk (**).

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The components of the management plan framework include objectives, policies, and recommendations.

The objectives are general statements that articulate a desired outcome. Policies are more specific statements that state what steps the City may take to achieve a desired outcome. Recommendations are measurable actions that specify how a desired outcome or policy can be achieved. Objectives, policies, and recommendations were developed based on existing City plans (discussed in Chapter 2.2.7), City staff and public input, as well as the considerations discussed in Chapters 2 and 3 of this document.

The following tables in Chapters 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 depict the objectives and policies across the three main themes. Chapter 4.2.3 displays tables of recommendations which are categorized by their degree of difficulty to carry out – when considering financial, staffing, and level of effort challenges. Finally, a small selection of recommendations were prioritized as those which are most needed.

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4.2.1 Objectives
Table 4.1. Environmental Sustainability Objectives

THEME OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
Environmental
Sustainability
ES-1 Sustain and promote viable and diverse native plant communities that are characteristic of the region.

ES-2 Maintain and promote healthy and diverse native wildlife populations.

ES-3 Protect and restore natural water courses, wetlands, and hydrologic processes.

E-S4 Use and document scientific knowledge of comparable open space resources and widely accepted and well documented resource management techniques as a basis for management decisions.

ES-5 Expand ability to perform natural resource management.

Table 4.2. Balanced Recreation Use Objectives

THEME OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
Balanced
Recreation Use
BR-1 Provide diverse, nature-dependent recreation activities in the City’s open space areas.

BR-2 Improve and maintain trails to be environmentally sustainable.

BR-3 Facilitate and encourage multi-use compatibility on trails.

BR-4 Enhance partnerships and programs aimed at improving recreation experiences.

Table 4.3. Natural Hazard Mitigation Objectives

THEME OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
Natural Hazard
Mitigation
NH-1 Reduce the risk and severity of wildland fire and minimize the impact of fire suppression activities within City open spaces and adjacent residential areas.

NH-2 Protect life and property from natural hazards, including neighboring communities during mitigation or hazard events.

NH-3 Improve cooperative planning to respond to natural hazards.

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4.2.2 Policies
Table 4.4. Environmental Sustainability Policies

OBJECTIVE POLICY DESCRIPTION
ES-1:

Vegetation
Protection
P1 Limit trail construction, and facility development in riparian and other wetland areas (and associated buffers) to protect them from disturbance.

Recreational, educational, and other programmatic activities should be conducted in previously developed areas, when possible, to minimize impacts to riparian/wetland areas.

P2 Monitor open space conditions with an emphasis on documenting the location, distribution, and abundance of special-status plants and plant communities, native grasses, wildflowers, and other native flora.

P3 Align or relocate, modify trails to avoid impacting sensitive habitats such as wetlands and areas where endangered species are present. Avoid aligning trails along the boundaries of sensitive habitats.

P4 Protect riparian ecosystems and habitat to maintain natural hydrologic process, water quality, and wildlife benefits. If necessary, enhance and restore riparian habitats to improve function.

P5 Protect common native plant species from disturbance, such as trampling, and disease, such as Sudden Oak Death.

P6 Monitor and control exotic or nuisance plant species.

P7 Preserve and enhance riparian, stream, and other wetland communities locally and in coordination with other agencies to continue providing important habitat networks.*
ES-2: Wildlife
Protection
P8 Monitor sensitive terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species in terms of their presence/absence and potential to occur on City of Belmont open space lands.

P9 Avoidance of sensitive wildlife species, critical breeding or nesting seasons, and critical breeding or nesting habitats during trail or facility construction.

P10 Protect common native wildlife species from disturbance, and disease.

P11 Preserve and enhance native wildlife habitat locally and in coordination with other agencies to continue protecting important habitat networks.* ES-3: Water
Resources
P12 Protect surface and ground water from chemical contamination.

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OBJECTIVE POLICY DESCRIPTION
ES-3: Water
Resources
P13 Minimize unnatural soil erosion and sedimentation of waters and wetlands.

ES-4: ScienceBased
Management
P14 Develop performance measures when designing City projects for the purpose of open space management and collect monitoring data to evaluate project success.

P15 Designation and evaluation of trail improvement project proposals will be based on the environmental sustainability and on best available data, including inventories of wildlife, and vegetation resources. The City will undertake site specific and programmatic efforts to extend and improve upon the biological data and recreational benefits underlying its decisionmaking criteria.

ES-5: Expand
Ability
P16 Develop written agreements with volunteer groups to perform natural resource management tasks.

P17 The City will lead, coordinate, or partner with institutions, agencies, and organizations when conducting natural resource management activities.

P18 Expand volunteer restoration programs subject to established protocols to ensure optimal environmental protection.*
*Policies came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative. **Policies came from the Recreation Emphasis Alternative.

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Table 4.5. Balanced Recreation Policies

OBJECTIVE POLICY DESCRIPTION
BR-1: Balanced
Recreation
Uses
P19 Trail access should be provided for a range of user capabilities and needs (including persons with physical limitations) in a manner consistent with State and Federal regulations. The Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Areas will inform trail improvement and maintenance where conditions permit.

P20 Design and improve trails to facilitate safe trail use by all visitors with a focus toward slowing travel speeds, adjusting sight lines, and establishing safe passing zones.

P21 The City may prohibit certain trail uses or apply increased trail use restrictions within certain areas to enhance safety, minimize conflicts between trail users, and protect natural resources in sensitive resource areas.

P22 Maintain high quality visitor experiences.

P23 Diversify recreation opportunities in the open space areas, subject to policies that apply to all users of these areas.

BR-2: Trail
Management
P24 Authorized trailheads include site and trail identifying signage, allowed uses, posted trail map, garbage can with securable lid, and a dog waste bag dispenser.

P25 Monitor and evaluate open space trail conditions on City open space lands to identify significant erosion, informally created trails, trail redundancy or otherwise unnecessary trail segments.

P26 Maintain trails by improving drainage, hardening, widening based on critical evaluations, and in accordance with trail building standards in Section 3.5.3, or equivalent sources.

P27 Conduct any grading activities necessary for trail maintenance before soil conditions inhibit their excavation, movement, and compacting.

P28 Modification to any open space resources on open space lands is prohibited unless authorized personnel have given express approval to perform such tasks, including trail construction, improvement, closing, or decommissioning trails.

P29 Authorized trails must have wayfinding signage and associated naming conventions.

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OBJECTIVE POLICY DESCRIPTION
BR-2: Trail
Management
P30 Evaluate opportunities to construct new trails that could connect with other regional trails, with existing City recognized trails, and by designating other trails not currently formally recognized as part of the City’s open space trail system.

P31 Evaluate opportunities to implement trail calming design features.** BR-3: User
Compatibility
P32 To provide visitor opportunities to experience natural sounds, no amplified sounds – i.e. portable speakers – are allowed on open space lands unless expressly approved as part of a group activity permit.

P33 On multiuse trails, the following etiquette rules apply: cyclists yield to all other trail users, pedestrians yield to equestrians. Downhill travel yield to uphill travel. Maintain safe speeds and announce yourself when passing.

P34 Use of Belmont open space lands is subject to the City’s existing regulations, including hours of operation. Entry into Waterdog Lake is prohibited.

P35 On multiuse trails, follow best practices and City Code re: : group size s.

Groups of 25 or more require a permit under City code (Ch 16, Article II, Sec 16-28).**
BR-4: Enhance
Partnerships
P36 Develop written agreements with volunteer groups to perform trail maintenance or construction tasks.

P37 Identify locations where trails can be improved or established in open space to connect the City and other open space areas neighboring Belmont, such as Sugarloaf Mountain. Coordinate with San Mateo County and the City of San Mateo.
*Policies came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative. **Policies came from the Recreation Emphasis Alternative.

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Table 4.6. Natural Hazard Mitigation Policies

OBJECTIVE POLICY DESCRIPTION
NH-1:

Wildfire
Hazards
P38 Evaluate the potential to reduce forest fuel loading through the removal of smaller trees to reduce forest floor fuel buildup and ladder fuels.

P39 Prepare wildland fire response plans and include suppression activities, first responders, mutual aid agreements, as well as detailed maps of infrastructure and sensitive resources to be avoided.

P40 Prohibit activities that have a high risk of sparking fires during periods of extreme fire hazard.

P41 Close open space areas of particular concern during extreme fire weather, as determined by San Mateo Consolidated Fire Department, and increase patrol levels where appropriate.

P42 Consider use of a grazing program to reduce grassland fuels, brush encroachment, and encourage the vigor of native grass and forb species.

P43 Manage scrub, shrub, and chaparral communities to maintain a mosaic of ages and species within strategic management corridors on roads, ridgetops, and near residential development or other critical infrastructure to compartmentalize preserves and reduce fuel loads.

P44 Minimize and reduce ground disturbance, erosion, and rehabilitation efforts associated with heavy machinery fire suppression.

P45 Develop guidelines for post-fire appropriate rehabilitation measures to address erosion, revegetation, invasive species, trail and road stability, security, public safety, and natural and cultural resources.

P46 Limb fallen trees/branches to reduce aerial fuels along trails.** NH-2: Protect
Life and
Property
P47 Manage dead and dying trees to limit wind throw and falling trees and limbs.

P48 Manage severe erosion areas on hill slopes and near/within streams.

P49 Respond to trail and open space impacts resulting from severe weather, landslides, or other natural events.

NH-3:

Improve
Cooperative
Planning
P50 Participate in county Fire Safe Councils and any relevant Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) efforts.

P51 Partner with abutting property owners to manage adjacent vegetation and fuel levels.

P52 Work with PG&E to identify areas where wildlife risks could be reduced through increased vegetation management and/or transmission line undergrounds.
*Policies came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative. **Policies came from the Recreation Emphasis Alternative.

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4.2.3 Recommendations
Below are recommended actions based on the City’s goals, public input, and the environmental and recreation assessments in Chapters 2 and 3. Recommendations are designed to accomplish one or more of the policies laid out in the preceding tables. Relevant policies are referenced by the policy number and the notation “P#”. Each recommendation has been categorized using the Easy, Medium, and Hard designations and color-coding in the scale below to estimate the feasibility and ease of implementation.

The feasibility designation scale incorporates two aspects by which a recommendation can be evaluated:
the operational capacity of the City’s existing programs, funding, and staff to implement the action, and the scope of the action. Both of these aspects are considered as a spectrum.

Easy Medium Hard
These actions can be performed
immediately under existing City
programs, funding, or with minimal
additional effort.

These actions require additional
planning, equipment, staffing,
funding – either internal or
external, or other operational
changes.

These actions may require
substantial planning, interagency
coordination, staffing, funding, or
other operational changes.

To provide a brief example, in Table 4.7, providing educational materials on Sudden Oak Death (SDO) is categorized as an “Easy” action because recreation related SDO materials already exist and can be installed with minimal effort by existing staff or volunteers. In Table 4.8, designating existing connection routes or building new trails between open space areas is categorized as a “Medium” action because it would require planning outside of normal City operations, likely require additional funding and coordination with other agencies. In Table 4.9, inventory open space lands to assess fuel loads is considered a “Hard” action because it would require additional planning, funding, and expertise outside of normal City operations as well as likely be an ongoing need, requiring permanent resources.

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Table 4.7. Environmental Sustainability Actions
Easy Medium Hard

1. Provide educational materials on
Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and
information about how to
minimize the spread of SOD at high
use trailheads. (P5)

2. To the extent possible, avoid
vegetation management activities
during nesting bird season,
February 1 to August 31. If nesting
bird season cannot be avoided,
conduct nesting bird surveys per
CDFW guidance. (P9)

3. Temporarily close trails during
extremely wet conditions.

Temporary closure periods will be
determined by City staff based on
evaluation of conditions and
forecasted weather patterns. (P13)

4. Prohibition of dogs in water
bodies. Dogs are not allowed to
enter any water bodies, including
streams and marshes, on open
space lands. Messaging and
signage and education should be
developed. (P13)

5. Avoid ground disturbing
activities like trail maintenance and
construction activities prior to rain
events. (P13)

6. Engage volunteer groups to
monitor plant and wildlife species
using citizen science efforts like
Audubon Christmas Bird Count or
“bio-blitzes.” (P5/P10)*

1. Realign, add drainage, or
otherwise improve trail sections
identified in the Recreation Use
Assessment as having “high”
erosion levels. The Rambler Trail
was identified as a top priority
given its severity. Prioritize other
trail segments for improvement
and incorporate into a multi-year
workplan. (P13/P26)

2. Implement an “early detection
and response” protocol as defined
in the Environmental Assessment,
to monitor and control new or
spreading exotic or undesirable
species. Create an agreement and
work plan with existing volunteer
groups to perform the work in
accordance with the protocol.
(P6/P16)

3. Actively seek additional funding
sources to support natural
resource management. (P17)

4. Restore and expand native
bunchgrass areas. (P2/P6/P18)*

5. Install wildlife cameras at high
activity locations or in riparian
habitats to monitor wildlife
presence. Coordinate with local
agencies and non-profits (e.g.

Felidae) to share wildlife camera
data to support wildlife
distribution study regionally.
(P7/P17)*

6. Install decontamination stations
at high use trailheads to prevent
the spread of SOD. (P5)*

1. Periodically inventory trails and
facilities to assess any impacts to
watercourses, riparian areas, and
wetlands, and prepare plans for
protection or restoration, as
appropriate. (P3)

2. Conduct protocol surveys for
sensitive wildlife or plant species,
as defined by the USFWS or CDFW,
in areas where these species have
at least moderate potential to
occur, whenever conducting
ground disturbing activities. (P2)

3. Improve trail stream crossings
by either realigning the trail to
prevent crossing the stream
altogether or elevating the trail
over the stream. (P3/P4/P9/P13)
*Actions came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative. **Actions came from the Recreation Emphasis Alternative.

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Table 4.8. Balanced Recreation Actions
Easy Medium Hard

1. Increase education and
enforcement of open space
regulations including dogs on
leash, speed limits, amplified
sound, etc. (P23/P32)

2. Periodically conduct visitor
surveys to gauge experiences for
all trail users. (P22)

3. Clearly identify property
boundaries of open space lands
and develop an education and
enforcement program for
adjacent landowners conducting
illegal modifications to open
space lands (e.g. building trails
to access open space lands from
their house or neighborhood).
(P28)

4. Develop a standard trail
naming policy for designated
trails. The naming policy will be
adopted on all open space
signage and messaging. (P29)

5. Update regulatory signage at
trailheads to use a consistent
design across City open space
lands. (P24)

1. Designate existing connection
routes or build new trails between
open space areas and to other
adjacent protected lands.
(P30/P35)**

2. Implement single-use and oneway trail segments in areas identified in the Recreation Use
Assessment following sufficient
public outreach. (P21)**

3. Evaluate potential new naturebased recreation programming for open space lands. Specifically,
collaborate with environmental
educators or other groups to
develop a series of docent led
nature walks for a variety of
audiences. (P22/P23)**

4. Incorporate or decommission
trails identified in the Recreation
Use Assessment following further
public outreach. (P20)

5. Decommission redundant trail
segments. Conduct de-compaction
and revegetation where needed.
(P1/P20)

6. Develop a policy for managing
organized group use of open space
lands, such as camps, school field
trips, and exercise classes. (P23)

7. Identify three trail segments that
can be made ADA compliant which
offer the following visitor
experiences: travel along a
ridgeline, travel along a canyon
floor, and panoramic views. (P19)

1. Implement an e-bike pilot program
similar to existing regulations on
nearby Midpeninsula Regional Open
Space District. The City will observe
the effects of the pilot to determine
if additional studies, outreach, and
policies are needed. (P21/P23)

2. Add calming features on trails to
reduce speed, and add landings for
respite, passing, and vistas.
(P20/P31)
*Actions came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative. **Actions came from the Recreation Emphasis Alternative.

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Table 4.9. Natural Hazard Mitigation Actions
Easy Medium Hard

1. Widen existing fuel breaks and
treated wildland-urban-interface
areas. (P47)*

2. Trim trees and mow or remove
invasive species ladder fuels along
trails to maintain tree health and
minimize crown fire. (P38)*

3. Continue fuel reduction
treatments in previously treated
areas in WDL. (P38)

1. Remove invasive Acacia trees which
pose a significant threat of casting
embers during fire. (P38)*

2. Create “islands” of vegetation by
thinning in steepest areas and fuel
breaks to break up crown fires and
reduce potential erosion and preserve
habitat. (P43)*

3. Remove invasive species from areas
recently cleared for fuel reduction.
(P38)*

4. Develop annual fuel reduction
treatment plan. (P39)

5. Encourage neighboring property
owners to maintain adequate fire
clearance around existing
development. Consult with regulatory
agencies to encourage that
construction of new development
maintains fire agency recommended
setbacks for fire clearance between
new development and City forest and
woodland. (P51)

6. Actively seek additional funding
sources to support wildfire hazard
mitigation. (P38/P39)

7. Develop emergency response plan
for extreme weather, landslides, and
resulting trail impacts. (P49)

1. Inventory City open space
lands to assess fuel loads and
forest structure related to fire.

Identify access issues and City
and community or regional fire
concerns. (P38)

2. Conduct a field-based
evaluation of fuel conditions in
SJC and WDL for possible
further fuel reduction
treatments. (P38)

3. Coordinate with fire agencies
and neighboring communities
to identify locations where
additional fire suppression
infrastructure is desirable and
practical (e.g. hydrants, water
tanks, helicopter zones, safety
zones, fuel breaks, consistent
with the incident command
system. Work cooperatively
with these groups to install
needed infrastructure.
(P39/P51)
*Actions came from the Habitat Protection Emphasis Alternative. **Actions came from the Recreation Emphasis Alternative.

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4.2.4. Priorities
The easy-hard rating system for the recommendations listed above is aimed at providing City officials with more information regarding the level of effort and investment needed to enact these changes. Some actions are deemed to be priorities regardless of their rating as easy-medium-hard. These priority actions have been separated into two tiers where Tier 1 contains actions that are the highest priority due to laws protecting species and habitats, visitor and regional wildfire safety, or important visitor experiences. The actions in this category are important for the City to address right away. Tier 2 contains priority actions aimed at diversity and equity objectives and policies. The actions in this category are important to address soon but are less urgent than those in Tier 1.

Tier 1: Habitat Protection, Wildfire Safety, and Visitor Experience Environmental Sustainability
● Stream Crossing Improvements: WRA identified multiple stream crossings requiring improvements and prioritized the top seven crossings most in need of improvements. ● Seasonal / Weather Dependent Restrictions on Maintenance Activities: Ensure that the City’s routine trail maintenance actions avoid nesting bird season to the extent possible, and avoid working in wet weather conditions (emergencies excepted) to the extent feasible.

Balanced Recreation Use
● Monitor Use and Survey Visitors During E-Bike Pilot: Take an approach similar to what Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District has done to develop a policy for e-bike use. The district studied use levels and visitor responses for a year before making policy recommendations to their Planning and Natural Resource Committee. ● ADA-Compliant Trails: Identify three trail segments that offer distinctive recreation experiences and ensure those segments comply with the California State Parks Accessibility Guidelines. One segment will offer the experience to travel along a ridgeline, another segment will offer an experience to travel along a canyon floor, and a third segment will offer opportunities for panoramic views.

Natural Hazard Mitigation
● Fuels Reduction Plan: The fuels reduction plan would prioritize fuel break areas to be treated as shown and Figures 2.4 and 2.5, and would highlight additional areas that would benefit from fuels reduction.

Tier 2: Equity-Based Programs and Visitor Experience
Environmental Sustainability
● Volunteer Restoration Programs: These programs which have been informally carried out would be codified and respond to the interests and actions of environmentally focused community members.

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Balanced Recreation Use
● Nature-Based Recreation Programs: Respond to the community’s interest in environmental education with focused programs that, among other things, may reinforce support for protecting the two open space areas and create “citizen scientists.” ● Trail Calming Features: Implement trail calming features in targeted locations to respond to community comments about feeling some sections of trails are unsafe due to blind turns, steep slopes, narrow trails, or a combination of all three.

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5.0 Glossary
Objective An objective is an overarching statement that articulates a desired outcome.

Policy A policy is a more specific statement to help City staff achieve a desired outcome.

Recommendation A recommendation is a discrete, measurable action that achieves a desired outcome.

Monitoring Periodically collect data/information to track changes over time.

Riparian Riparian areas are defined as the vegetative and wildlife areas adjacent to perennial and intermittent streams and other freshwater bodies, such as lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.

Habitat Network The configuration of patches of habitat allowing species dispersal through a landscape.

Habitat The combination of living and non-living factors which contains suitable living conditions for a species within the range of that species.

Disturbance (Ecological) The disruption of an ecosystem's structure and function, generally with effects that last for time periods longer than a single seasonal growing cycle for vegetation.

Restoration The process of returning land that has been degraded and disturbed into functional habitat.

Native Those elements of the natural world occurring within an ecosystem prior to disturbance from an outside event.

Non-native Species which moved into, or were introduced into, pre-serve environments as a direct or indirect result of human activities.

Fuel reduction The removal of combustible vegetation to reduce the amount of flammable material to prevent or reduce the spread of wildfire.

Invasive species Animal or plant species that take over sufficiently large areas to reduce biodiversity.

Wildfire hazard mitigation Action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and their property from hazards such as proximity of flammable vegetation, dead or dying tree limbs, or pollution or contamination in close proximity to homes or public facilities.

Best management
practice
The preferred manner in which an activity is to be performed in order to be protective of both human health and the environment.

Natural resource
management
Natural resource management generally consists of protecting, restoring, enhancing, and monitoring native vegetation and wildlife, and monitoring and protecting the quality of geological and hydrological conditions.

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ATTACHMENT A– SPECIES OBSERVED DURING MARCH 2022 SITE VISITS Attachment A-1. Wildlife species observed during March 2022 site visits.

Scientific name Common Name Status
Birds
Callipepla californica California quail No status
Calypte anna Anna’s hummingbird No status
Melospiza melodia Song sparrow No status
Melozone crissalis California towhee No status
Pipilo maculatus Spotted towhee No status
Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned kinglet No status
Cathartes aura Turkey vulture No status
Spinus psaltria Lesser goldfinch No status
Haemorhous mexicanus House finch No status
Cyanocitta stelleri Steller’s jay No status
Aphelocoma californica California scrub jay No status
Colaptes auratus Northern flicker No status
Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk No status
Toxostoma redivivum California thrasher No status
Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco No status
Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow No status
Chamaea fasciata Wrentit No status
Mergus merganser Common merganser No status
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard No status
Mammals
Odocoileus hemionus Black-tailed mule deer No status
Reptiles and Amphibians
Sceloporus occidentalis Western fence lizard No status
N/A Pond turtle Unknown
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Attachment A-2. Plant species observed during March 2022 site visits.

Scientific Name Common Name Origin Form Rarity
Status

CAL-IPC
Status
Wetland Status
(AW 2020)
Acacia sp. - - - - - -
Achillea millefolium Yarrow native perennial herb - - FACU Adelinia grandis Pacific Hound's tongue native perennial herb - - - Adenostoma
fasciculatum Chamise native tree, shrub - - -
Adiantum jordanii California maidenhair fern native fern - - FAC Aesculus californica Buckeye native tree - - -
Arbutus menziesii Madrone native tree - - -
Arctostaphylos
manzanita Whiteleaf manzanita native shrub - - -
Arctostaphylos sp. - - - - - -
Artemisia californica Coastal sage brush native shrub - - - Artemisia douglasiana California mugwort native perennial herb - - FAC Avena fatua Wildoats
non-native
(invasive) annual grass - Moderate -
Avena sativa Wild oat non-native
annual,
perennial grass - - UPL
Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush native shrub - - -
Brassica nigra Black mustard
non-native
(invasive) annual herb - Moderate -
Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome
non-native
(invasive) annual grass - Moderate -
Bromus madritensis Foxtail brome non-native annual grass - - UPL Carex sp. - - - - - -
Carpobrotus edulis Iceplant
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - High -
Ceanothus cuneatus Buck brush native shrub - - -
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Blueblossom native tree, shrub - - - CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 121

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Scientific Name Common Name Origin Form Rarity
Status

CAL-IPC
Status
Wetland Status
(AW 2020)
Chlorogalum
pomeridianum Amole native perennial herb - - -
Cirsium vulgare Bullthistle
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - Moderate FACU
Claytonia perfoliata Miner's lettuce native annual herb - - FAC Conium maculatum Poison hemlock
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - Moderate FACW
Cortaderia sp. - - - - - -
Cotoneaster sp. - - - - - -
Deschampsia
danthonioides Annual hairgrass native annual grass - - FACW Diplacus aurantiacus Sticky monkeyflower native shrub - - FACU Dipterostemon capitatus Blue dicks native perennial herb - - FACU Dirca occidentalis Western leatherwood native shrub Rank 1B.2 - FAC Eriodictyon californicum Yerba santa native shrub - - - Eriogonum nudum Naked buckwheat native shrub - - -
Erodium botrys Big heron bill non-native annual herb - - FACU Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum
non-native
(invasive) tree - Limited -
Festuca californica California fescue native perennial grass - - FACU Foeniculum vulgare Fennel
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - High -
Galium californicum California bedstraw native perennial herb - - - Galium parisiense Wall bedstraw non-native annual herb - - UPL Galium sp. - - - - - -
Genista monspessulana French broom
non-native
(invasive) shrub - High -
Geranium dissectum Wild geranium
non-native
(invasive) annual herb - Limited -
Heracleum maximum Common cowparsnip native perennial herb - - FACW 122 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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Scientific Name Common Name Origin Form Rarity
Status

CAL-IPC
Status
Wetland Status
(AW 2020)
Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon native shrub - - -
Hordeum murinum Foxtail barley
non-native
(invasive) annual grass - Moderate FACU
Juncus effusus Common bog rush native
perennial
grasslike herb - - FACW
Juncus sp. - - - - - -
Lasthenia californica Goldfields native annual herb - - FACU Lonicera hispidula Pink honeysuckle native vine, shrub - - FACU Lupinus succulentus Arroyo lupine native annual herb - - - Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet pimpernel non-native annual herb - - FAC Maianthemum stellatum Starry false lily of the valley native perennial herb - - FACU Malva sp. - - - - - -
Marah fabacea California man-root native
perennial herb,
vine - - -
Matricaria discoidea Pineapple weed native annual herb - - FACU Medicago polymorpha Bur clover
non-native
(invasive) annual herb - Limited FACU
Melica torreyana Torrey's melica native perennial grass - - - Oxalis pes-caprae Bermuda buttercup
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - Moderate -
Pedicularis densiflora Indian warrior native perennial herb - - - Pentagramma
triangularis Gold back fern native fern - - -
Phalaris aquatica Harding grass
non-native
(invasive) perennial grass - Moderate FACU
Pinus sp. - - - - - -
Plantago lanceolata Ribwort
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - Limited FAC
Prunus virginiana var.
demissa Western choke cherry native tree, shrub - - FAC CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 123

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WRA, Inc.

Scientific Name Common Name Origin Form Rarity
Status

CAL-IPC
Status
Wetland Status
(AW 2020)
Quercus agrifolia Coast live oak native tree - - -
Ribes sanguineum var.
glutinosum Flowering currant native shrub - - UPL
Ribes speciosum
Fuchsia flowered
gooseberry native shrub - - -
Rubus ursinus California blackberry native vine, shrub - - FAC Salix sp. - - - - - -
Sambucus nigra ssp.
caerulea Blue elderberry native shrub - - FACU
Sanicula crassicaulis Pacific sanicle native perennial herb - - - Scirpus sp. - - - - - -
Scrophularia californica California bee plant native perennial herb - - FAC Sonchus asper ssp. asper Prickly sow thistle non-native annual herb - - FAC Stellaria media Chickweed non-native annual herb - - FACU Stipa pulchra Purple needle grass native perennial grass - - - Stipa sp. - - - - - -
Symphoricarpos albus
var. laevigatus Common snowberry native shrub - - FACU
Toxicodendron
diversilobum Poison oak native vine, shrub - - FACU
Trifolium dubium Shamrock non-native annual herb - - UPL Trillium sp. - - - - - -
Typha sp. - - - - - -
Umbellularia californica California bay native tree - - FAC Urtica dioica Stinging nettle native perennial herb - - FAC Vicia sativa Spring vetch non-native
annual herb,
vine - - FACU
Vinca major Vinca
non-native
(invasive) perennial herb - Moderate FACU
▪ All species identified using the Jepson eFlora [Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2022]; nomenclature follows Jepson eFlora [Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2022] 124 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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1 California Native Plant Society. 2022. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v9-01 1.5). Sacramento, California. Online at: http://rareplants.cnps.org/; most recently accessed: March 2022
FE: Federal Endangered
FT: Federal Threatened
SE: State Endangered
ST: State Threatened
SR: State Rare
Rank 1A: Plants presumed extinct in California
Rank 1B: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere Rank 2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere Rank 3: Plants about which we need more information – a review list Rank 4: Plants of limited distribution – a watch list 2 California Invasive Plant Council. 2022. California Invasive Plant Inventory Database. California Invasive Plant Council, Berkeley, CA. Online at: http://www.cal-ipc.org/paf/; most recently accessed: April 2022
High: Severe ecological impacts; high rates of dispersal and establishment; most are widely distributed ecologically.

Moderate: Substantial and apparent ecological impacts; moderate-high rates of dispersal, establishment dependent on disturbance; limited- moderate distribution ecologically
Limited: Minor or not well documented ecological impacts; low-moderate rate of invasiveness; limited distribution ecologically Assessed: Assessed by Cal-IPC and determined to not be an existing current threat 3 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5. Engineer Research and Development Center. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. Online at: http://wetland-plants.usace.army.mil/; most recently accessed: April 2022.

OBL: Almost always found in wetlands
FACW: Usually found in wetlands
FAC: Equally found in wetlands and uplands
FACU: Usually not found in wetlands
UPL: Almost never found in wetlands
NL: Not listed, assumed almost never found in wetlands
NI: No information; not factored during wetland delineation CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 125

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ATTACHMENT B – SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES FOR WATERDOG LAKE AND OPEN SPACE AND SAN JUAN CANYON OPEN SPACE STUDY AREA SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
Plants
San Mateo thorn-mint FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 165 to 985 feet (50 to 300 meters).

Blooms Apr-Jun.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and valley
and foothill grassland habitats are
present within the Study Area, no
serpentine vertisol clay microhabitat is
present.

Blasdale's bent grass Rank 1B.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal prairie.

Elevation ranges from 0 to 490 feet (0 to 150
meters). Blooms May-Jul.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.

Franciscan onion Rank 1B.2 cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 170 to 1000 feet
(52 to 305 meters). Blooms (Apr)May-Jun.

Present. Cismontane woodland and
valley and foothill grassland habitats are
present within the Study Area, and there
are CNDDB occurrences in both SJC and
WDL open space.
bent-flowered fiddleneck Rank 1B.2 cismontane woodland, coastal bluff scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 10 to
1640 feet (3 to 500 meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

Moderate Potential. Cismontane
woodland and valley and foothill
grassland habitats are present within the
Study Area. Four CNDDB occurrences are
documented within 1.5 miles northwest
of the Study Area.
126 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
California androsace Rank 4.2 chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, meadows and seeps, pinyon and juniper
woodland, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 490 to 4280 feet (150 to 1305
meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of the
known range of this species.
coast rockcress Rank 4.3 broadleafed upland forest, coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges
from 10 to 3610 feet (3 to 1100 meters). Blooms
Feb-May.

Unlikely. Although broadleafed upland
forest and coastal scrub habitats are
present within the Study Area, rocky
microhabitat is not present to support
this species.

Anderson's manzanita Rank 1B.2 broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, north coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 195 to
2495 feet (60 to 760 meters). Blooms Nov-May.

Unlikely. Although broadleafed upland
forest and chaparral habitats are present
within the Study Area, no redwood forest
microhabitat is present.

Franciscan manzanita FE, Rank
1B.1
coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 195 to 985
feet (60 to 300 meters). Blooms Feb-Apr.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is present within the Study Area, no
serpentine outcrop microhabitat is
present.

San Bruno Mountain manzanita SE, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from
900 to 1215 feet (275 to 370 meters). Blooms
Feb-May.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species; this
species is restricted to the San Bruno
Mountain in San Mateo County.

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
Presidio manzanita FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, coastal prairie, coastal scrub. Elevation
ranges from 150 to 705 feet (45 to 215 meters).

Blooms Feb-Mar.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is present within the Study Area, no
serpentine outcrop microhabitat is
present.

Montara manzanita Rank 1B.2 chaparral, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 260 to 1640 feet (80 to 500 meters). Blooms JanMar.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

Pacific manzanita SE, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from
1085 to 1085 feet (330 to 330 meters). Blooms
Feb-Apr.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of known range of this species; this
species is restricted to the San Bruno
Mountain in San Mateo County.

Kings Mountain manzanita Rank 1B.2 broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, north coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 1000 to
2395 feet (305 to 730 meters). Blooms Dec-Apr.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the expected elevation range of this
species.
ocean bluff milk-vetch Rank 4.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes. Elevation ranges from 10 to 395 feet (3 to 120 meters).

Blooms Jan-Nov.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.
128 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
coastal marsh milk-vetch Rank 1B.2 coastal dunes, coastal scrub, marshes and swamps. Elevation ranges from 0 to 100 feet (0 to
30 meters). Blooms (Apr)Jun-Oct.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is present within the Study Area, no
mesic sites in dune or along
streams/coastal salt marsh microhabitats
are present.
alkali milk-vetch Rank 1B.2 playas, valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools.

Elevation ranges from 5 to 195 feet (1 to 60
meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

Unlikely. Although valley and foothill
grassland habitat is present within the
Study Area, no alkali flats/flooded
land/vernal pool microhabitat is present.

Brewer's calandrinia Rank 4.2 chaparral, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 35 to 4005 feet (10 to 1220 meters). Blooms
(Jan)Mar-Jun.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and coastal
scrub habitats are present within the
Study Area, and loamy soil microhabitat
is also present in both open spaces, this
species is typically found within recently
disturbed (because of fire) sites. The
nearest CNPS occurrence is 1 mile
southeast of the WDL, and the last
observation date was in 1973 in a
recently burned area.

Oakland star-tulip Rank 4.2 broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower montane coniferous forest,
valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges
from 330 to 2295 feet (100 to 700 meters).

Blooms Mar-May.

Unlikely. Although broadleafed upland
forest and valley and foothill grassland
habitats are present within the Study
Area, no serpentine microhabitat is
present.
pink star-tulip Rank 4.2 coastal prairie, coastal scrub, meadows and seeps, north coast coniferous forest. Elevation
ranges from 35 to 3510 feet (10 to 1070 meters).

Blooms Apr-Jun.

Moderate Potential. Coastal scrub and
meadows and seep habitat are present
within the Study Area, along with
seasonally moist meadows and forested
habitats. The nearest occurrences are 5
miles to the northwest, within the
Crystal Springs reservoir recreation area.

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
bristly sedge Rank 2B.1 coastal prairie, marshes and swamps, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 0 to 2050
feet (0 to 625 meters). Blooms May-Sep.

Unlikely. Although marshes and swamps
are present within the Study Area along
WDL margins, the nearest extant CNDDB
occurrence is over 30 miles south.
johnny-nip Rank 4.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal scrub, marshes and swamps, valley and foothill
grassland, vernal pools. Elevation ranges from 0
to 1425 feet (0 to 435 meters). Blooms Mar-Aug.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of the
known range of this species.

Congdon's tarplant Rank 1B.1 valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 0 to 755 feet (0 to 230 meters). Blooms
May-Oct(Nov).

Unlikely. Although the Study Area
contains valley and foothill grassland
habitat, it does not contain the
microhabitat of alkaline clay soils needed
to support this species.
pappose tarplant Rank 1B.2 chaparral, coastal prairie, marshes and swamps, meadows and seeps, valley and foothill grassland.

Elevation ranges from 0 to 1380 feet (0 to 420
meters). Blooms May-Nov.

Unlikely. Although the Study Area
contains chaparral, meadows and seeps,
and valley and foothill grassland habitat,
it does not contain the microhabitat of
alkaline-vernally mesic needed to
support this species.

Point Reyes salty bird's-beak Rank 1B.2 marshes and swamps. Elevation ranges from 0 to 35 feet (0 to 10 meters). Blooms Jun-Oct.

No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain coastal salt marsh
130 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
San Francisco Bay spineflower Rank 1B.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal prairie, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 10 to 705
feet (3 to 215 meters). Blooms Apr-Jul(Aug).

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is present within the Study Area, no
microhabitats containing sandy soil on
terraces and slopes are present.
robust spineflower FE, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal dunes,
coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 10 to 985
feet (3 to 300 meters). Blooms Apr-Sep.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of the
known range of this species.

Franciscan thistle Rank 1B.2 broadleafed upland forest, coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges
from 0 to 490 feet (0 to 150 meters). Blooms MarJul.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside the
known range of the species.
fountain thistle FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 150 to 575 feet (45 to 175 meters).

Blooms (Apr)May-Oct.

Unlikely. Although chaparral,
cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps, and valley and foothill grassland
habitats are present within the Study
Area, microhabitat of serpentine seeps
were not observed within the Study
Area.
compact cobwebby thistle Rank 1B.2 chaparral, coastal dunes, coastal prairie, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 15 to 490 feet (5 to
150 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and coastal
scrub habitat is present within the Study
Area, dune and clay soil microhabitat is
not present to support this species.

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
lost thistle Rank 1A No Potential. Suitable habitat is not present within Study Area.
round-headed Chinese-houses Rank 1B.2 coastal dunes. Elevation ranges from 0 to 65 feet (0 to 20 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.

San Francisco collinsia Rank 1B.2 closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal scrub.

Elevation ranges from 100 to 900 feet (30 to 275
meters). Blooms (Feb)Mar-May.

Present. Coastal scrub habitat and moist,
shady scrub or forest microhabitat is
located within the Study Area boundary;
there is one CNDDB occurrence in SJC
and two CNDDB occurrences in WDL
Open Space.
clustered lady's-slipper Rank 4.2 lower montane coniferous forest, north coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 330 to
7990 feet (100 to 2435 meters). Blooms Mar-Aug.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.
western leatherwood Rank 1B.2 broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, closed-cone coniferous forest, north
coast coniferous forest, riparian forest, riparian
woodland. Elevation ranges from 80 to 1395 feet
(25 to 425 meters). Blooms Jan-Mar(Apr).

Present. Western leatherwood has
several CNDDB occurrences within WDL
and was observed during trail and
habitat assessment surveys in March.

California bottle-brush grass Rank 4.3 broadleafed upland forest, cismontane woodland, north coast coniferous forest, riparian
woodland. Elevation ranges from 50 to 1540 feet
(15 to 470 meters). Blooms May-Aug(Nov).

Moderate Potential. Broadleafed upland
forest, cismontane woodland, and
riparian forest habitats are located
within the Study Area, and microhabitats
of sandy humus soils are also present to
support this species. The nearest CNPS
occurrence is 2 miles to the northeast.
132 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
San Mateo woolly sunflower FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, lower
montane coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from
150 to 1085 feet (45 to 330 meters). Blooms MayJun.

Moderate Potential. Cismontane
woodland and coastal scrub habitats are
located within the Study Area, and
microhabitats of roadcuts are also
present. The nearest CNDDB occurrence
is 1.5 miles to the northwest, along a
road.

Hoover's button-celery Rank 1B.1 vernal pools. Elevation ranges from 10 to 150 feet (3 to 45 meters). Blooms (Jun)Jul(Aug).

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.

Jepson's coyote-thistle Rank 1B.2 valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools.

Elevation ranges from 10 to 985 feet (3 to 300
meters). Blooms Apr-Aug.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.

San Francisco wallflower Rank 4.2 chaparral, coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 0 to 1805
feet (0 to 550 meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and coastal
scrub habitats are present within the
Study Area, no serpentine soils/outcrop
microhabitat is present.

Hillsborough chocolate lily Rank 1B.1 cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 490 to 490 feet
(150 to 150 meters). Blooms Mar-Apr.

Unlikely. Although valley and foothill
grassland habitat is present within the
Study Area, no serpentine soils/outcrop
microhabitat is present.
fragrant fritillary Rank 1B.2 cismontane woodland, coastal prairie, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 10 to 1345 feet (3 to 410 meters).

Blooms Feb-Apr.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub and
valley and foothill grassland habitats are
present within the Study Area, no
serpentine soils/outcrop microhabitat is
present.
blue coast gilia Rank 1B.1 coastal dunes, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 5 to 655 feet (2 to 200 meters). Blooms AprJul.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

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DRAFT | Final
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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
dark-eyed gilia Rank 1B.2 coastal dunes. Elevation ranges from 5 to 100 feet (2 to 30 meters). Blooms Apr-Jul.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.

San Francisco gumplant Rank 3.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 50 to
1310 feet (15 to 400 meters). Blooms Jun-Sep.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub and
valley and foothill grassland habitats are
present within the Study Area, no
serpentine soils/outcrop or sea bluff
microhabitat is present.

Diablo helianthella Rank 1B.2 broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, riparian woodland,
valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges
from 195 to 4265 feet (60 to 1300 meters).

Blooms Mar-Jun.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
congested-headed hayfield tarplant Rank 1B.2 valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 65 to 1835 feet (20 to 560 meters). Blooms
Apr-Nov.

Unlikely. Although valley and foothill
grassland habitat is located within the
Study Area, the nearest documented
CNDDB location is over 10 miles to the
northwest.
short-leaved evax Rank 1B.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal prairie.

Elevation ranges from 0 to 705 feet (0 to 215
meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.
134 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
Marin western flax FT, ST, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 15 to 1215 feet (5 to 370 meters).

Blooms Apr-Jul.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and valley
and foothill grassland habitats are
present within the Study Area, no
serpentine barrens/grassland
microhabitat is present.
water star-grass Rank 2B.2 marshes and swamps. Elevation ranges from 100 to 4905 feet (30 to 1495 meters). Blooms Jul-Oct.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

Loma Prieta hoita Rank 1B.1 chaparral, cismontane woodland, riparian woodland. Elevation ranges from 100 to 2820 feet
(30 to 860 meters). Blooms May-Jul(Aug-Oct).

Unlikely. Although chaparral and riparian
woodland habitats are present within the
Study Area, microhabitats of serpentine
soils/outcrop are not present to support
this species
Kellogg's horkelia Rank 1B.1 chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal dunes, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 35 to
655 feet (10 to 200 meters). Blooms Apr-Sep.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and coastal
scrub habits are present within the Study
Area, microhabitats of old dunes and
coastal sandhills are not present to
support this species.

Point Reyes horkelia Rank 1B.2 coastal dunes, coastal prairie, coastal scrub.

Elevation ranges from 15 to 2475 feet (5 to 755
meters). Blooms May-Sep.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is located within the Study Area,
microhabitat of sandy flats and dunes
near coast are not present to support
this species.
harlequin lotus Rank 4.2 broadleafed upland forest, cismontane woodland, closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal
bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal scrub, marshes
and swamps, meadows and seeps, north coast
coniferous forest, valley and foothill grassland.

Elevation ranges from 0 to 2295 feet (0 to 700
meters). Blooms Mar-Jul.

Moderate Potential. Suitable habitat of
broadleafed upland forest, cismontane
woodland, coastal scrub, marshes and
swamps, and meadows and seeps and
microhabitats of wetlands and roadsides
are present. The nearest CNDDB
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APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
occurrence is approximately 2 miles west
of the Study Area.
island tube lichen Rank 1B.3 chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest.

Elevation ranges from 1180 to 1330 feet (360 to
405 meters).

No Potential. The Study Area is below
the expected elevation range for this
species.
coast iris Rank 4.2 coastal prairie, lower montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps. Elevation ranges from 0 to
1970 feet (0 to 600 meters). Blooms MarMay(Jun).

Unlikely. Although meadows and seeps
habitats and microhabitat of mesic sites
are located within the Study Area, the
nearest known occurrence is located
approximately 4 miles to the west on the
other side of the Upper Crystal Springs
Reservoir.
perennial goldfields Rank 1B.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal scrub.

Elevation ranges from 15 to 1705 feet (5 to 520
meters). Blooms Jan-Nov.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is located within the Study Area,
microhabitat of dunes along immediate
coast is not present to support this
species.

Contra Costa goldfields FE, Rank
1B.1
cismontane woodland, playas, valley and foothill
grassland, vernal pools. Elevation ranges from 0
to 1540 feet (0 to 470 meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

Unlikely. Although cismontane woodland
and valley and foothill grassland are
located within the Study Area,
microhabitats of vernal pools, swales,
and low depressions are not present to
support this species.
beach layia FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
coastal dunes, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges
from 0 to 195 feet (0 to 60 meters). Blooms MarJul.

Unlikely. Although suitable habitat of
coastal scrub is present within Study
Area, microhabitat of sand dunes is not
present to support this species.
136 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
bristly leptosiphon Rank 4.2 chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal prairie, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges
from 180 to 4920 feet (55 to 1500 meters).

Blooms Apr-Jul.

Moderate Potential. Chaparral,
cismontane woodland, and valley and
foothill grassland habitats are located
within the Study Area. The nearest CNPS
occurrence is 2.5 miles to the west.
serpentine leptosiphon Rank 4.2 cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 395 to
3710 feet (120 to 1130 meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.

Unlikely. Although cismontane
woodland, coastal scrub, and valley and
foothill grassland are located within the
Study Area, microhabitat of serpentine
soils are not present to support this
species.
coast yellow leptosiphon SE, Rank
1B.1
coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie. Elevation
ranges from 35 to 490 feet (10 to 150 meters).

Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.
large-flowered leptosiphon Rank 4.2 cismontane woodland, closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal
prairie, coastal scrub, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 15 to 4005 feet
(5 to 1220 meters). Blooms Apr-Aug.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
broad-lobed leptosiphon Rank 4.3 broadleafed upland forest, cismontane woodland. Elevation ranges from 560 to 4920 feet
(170 to 1500 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
rose leptosiphon Rank 1B.1 coastal bluff scrub. Elevation ranges from 0 to 330 feet (0 to 100 meters). Blooms Apr-Jul.

No Potential. Suitable habitat is not
present within Study Area.

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APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
611
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
Crystal Springs lessingia Rank 1B.2 cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 195 to
655 feet (60 to 200 meters). Blooms Jul-Oct.

Unlikely. Although cismontane woodland
and coastal scrub are located within the
Study Area, microhabitats of grassy
slopes on serpentine are not present to
support this species.

San Francisco lessingia FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 80 to 360
feet (25 to 110 meters). Blooms (Jun)Jul-Nov.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
woolly-headed lessingia Rank 3 broadleafed upland forest, coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous forest, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 50 to 1000 feet
(15 to 305 meters). Blooms Jun-Oct.

Unlikely. Although broadleafed upland
forest and valley and foothill grassland
habitats are located within the Study
Area, microhabitats of clay serpentine
soils are not present to support this
species.
spring lessingia Rank 4.3 chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower montane coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 985 to
7055 feet (300 to 2150 meters). Blooms May-Jul.

No Potential. The Study Area is below
the expected elevation range for this
species.

Ornduff's meadowfoam Rank 1B.1 meadows and seeps. Elevation ranges from 35 to 65 feet (10 to 20 meters). Blooms Nov-May.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

San Mateo tree lupine Rank 3.2 chaparral, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 295 to 1805 feet (90 to 550 meters). Blooms AprJul.

Unlikely. Although chaparral and coastal
scrub habitats are located within the
Study Area, microhabitats of sandy soils
and rocky hills are not present to support
this species. In addition, most CNDDB
occurrences are located in areas with
more coastal influence (the western side
of the Santa Cruz mountains).
138 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

X F DRAFT
612
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
arcuate bush-mallow Rank 1B.2 chaparral, cismontane woodland. Elevation ranges from 50 to 1165 feet (15 to 355 meters).

Blooms Apr-Sep.

Present. Chaparral and cismontane
woodland habitat and gravelly alluvium
microhabitats are present within the
Study Area, in addition to a documented
CNDDB occurrence within WDL as of
2013. This species was not observed
during the March 2022 surveys, which
was conducted before the bloom period.
northern curly-leaved monardella Rank 1B.2 chaparral, coastal dunes, coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from
0 to 985 feet (0 to 300 meters). Blooms (Apr)MayJul(Aug-Sep).

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
woodland woollythreads Rank 1B.2 broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, north coast coniferous forest, valley
and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 330
to 3935 feet (100 to 1200 meters). Blooms
(Feb)Mar-Jul.

Present. Suitable habitat of broadleafed
upland forest, chaparral, cismontane
woodland, and valley and foothill
grassland and microhabitat of grassy
sites in openings is present to support
this species. There is a CNDDB
occurrence within/adjacent to WDL; this
record was documented in the 70s, and
location is approximate, not exact.
white-rayed pentachaeta FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 115 to 2035 feet
(35 to 620 meters). Blooms Mar-May.

Unlikely. Although cismontane woodland
and valley and foothill grassland are
located within the Study Area,
microhabitats of soils derived from
serpentine bedrock are not present to
support this species.

CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 139

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
613
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
Michael's rein orchid Rank 4.2 chaparral, cismontane woodland, closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal bluff scrub, coastal
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest. Elevation
ranges from 10 to 3000 feet (3 to 915 meters).

Blooms Apr-Aug.

Unlikely. Although chaparral,
cismontane woodland, and coastal scrub
habitats are located within the Study
Area, microhabitats of mudstone soils
and humus are not present to support
this species.

Choris' popcornflower Rank 1B.2 chaparral, coastal prairie, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 10 to 525 feet (3 to 160 meters).

Blooms Mar-Jun.

Moderate Potential. Chaparral and
coastal scrub habitats are located within
the Study Area, and microhabitats of
mesic sites (and low-lying depressions)
are present to support this species. The
nearest CNDDB occurrence is
approximately 2 miles to the southwest.

Hickman's popcornflower Rank 4.2 chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal scrub, marshes and swamps, vernal pools.

Elevation ranges from 50 to 1280 feet (15 to 390
meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

Oregon polemonium Rank 2B.2 coastal prairie, coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 0 to 6005
feet (0 to 1830 meters). Blooms Apr-Sep.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub habitat
is located within the Study Area, the
nearest CNDDB occurrence is over 5
miles to the northwest, on the other side
of Crystal Springs Reservoir.

Marin knotweed Rank 3.1 marshes and swamps. Elevation ranges from 0 to 35 feet (0 to 10 meters). Blooms (Apr)MayAug(Oct).

No Potential. Suitable microhabitat of
coastal salt marshes and brackish
marshes are not present within Study
Area.

Hickman's cinquefoil FE, SE, Rank
1B.1
closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal bluff scrub,
marshes and swamps, meadows and seeps.

Elevation ranges from 35 to 490 feet (10 to 149
meters). Blooms Apr-Aug.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
140 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

X F DRAFT
614
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
Lobb's aquatic buttercup Rank 4.2 cismontane woodland, north coast coniferous forest, valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools.

Elevation ranges from 50 to 1540 feet (15 to 470
meters). Blooms Feb-May.

Unlikely. Although cismontane woodland
and valley and foothill grassland habitats
are present within the Study Area, the
nearest CNDDB occurrence is
approximately 3 miles to the southwest,
separated by the 280 freeway.
adobe sanicle SR, Rank
1B.1
chaparral, coastal prairie, meadows and seeps,
valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges
from 100 to 785 feet (30 to 240 meters). Blooms
Feb-May.

No Potential. This species is extirpated
from the Bay Area.
chaparral ragwort Rank 2B.2 chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub.

Elevation ranges from 50 to 2625 feet (15 to 800
meters). Blooms Jan-Apr(May).

Present. Chaparral, cismontane
woodland, and coastal scrub habitats are
present within the Study Area, and a
there is a CNDDB occurrence within or
near WDL.

Scouler's catchfly Rank 2B.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 0 to 1970
feet (0 to 600 meters). Blooms (Mar-May)JunAug(Sep).

Unlikely. Although valley and foothill
grassland habitat is present within the
Study Area, this species typically occurs
in coastal areas west of the Santa Cruz
mountains.

San Francisco campion Rank 1B.2 chaparral, coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland.

Elevation ranges from 100 to 2115 feet (30 to 645
meters). Blooms (Feb)Mar-Jul(Aug).

Unlikely. Although chaparral, coastal
scrub, and valley and foothill habitats are
present within the Study Area,
microhabitats of mudstone or shale soil
types are not documented within the
Study Area.
long-styled sand-spurrey Rank 1B.2 marshes and swamps, meadows and seeps.

Elevation ranges from 0 to 835 feet (0 to 255
meters). Blooms Feb-May.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

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APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
615
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
most beautiful jewelflower Rank 1B.2 chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 310 to
3280 feet (95 to 1000 meters). Blooms (Mar)AprSep(Oct).

Unlikely. Although chaparral,
cismontane woodland, and valley and
foothill grassland habitats are present
within the Study Area, microhabitat of
serpentine outcrops on ridges and slopes
were not observed within the Study
Area.
northern slender pondweed Rank 2B.2 marshes and swamps. Elevation ranges from 985 to 7055 feet (300 to 2150 meters). Blooms MayJul.

No Potential. The Study Area is below
the elevation range for this species.

California seablite FE, Rank
1B.1
marshes and swamps. Elevation ranges from 0 to
50 feet (0 to 15 meters). Blooms Jul-Oct.

Unlikely. Although perennial emergent
vegetation is present at the fringes of
WDL, microhabitat of coastal salt marsh
is not present within the Study Area.
two-fork clover FE, Rank
1B.1
coastal bluff scrub, valley and foothill grassland.

Elevation ranges from 15 to 1360 feet (5 to 415
meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

Unlikely. Although valley and foothill
grassland habitat and open, sunny
microhabitats are present within the
Study Area, the nearest CNDDB
occurrence is over 12 miles to the
northwest.
142 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

X F DRAFT
616
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
saline clover Rank 1B.2 marshes and swamps, valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools. Elevation ranges from 0
to 985 feet (0 to 300 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

Unlikely. Although marshes and swamps
and valley and foothill grassland habitats
are located within the Study Area,
microhabitats of alkaline soils are not
present to support this species.

San Francisco owl's-clover Rank 1B.2 coastal prairie, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 35 to 525 feet
(10 to 160 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.

Unlikely. Although coastal scrub and
valley and foothill grassland are present
within the Study Area, the nearest
known occurrence on CNDDB was
recorded in 1950 and located within the
Crystal Springs reservoir.
coastal triquetrella Rank 1B.2 coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges from 35 to 330 feet (10 to 100 meters).

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

Methuselah's beard lichen Rank 4.2 broadleafed upland forest, north coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 165 to
4790 feet (50 to 1460 meters).

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

Wildlife
tricolored blackbird
Agelaius tricolor
ST, SSC, RP Nearly endemic to California, where it is most numerous in the Central Valley and vicinity.

Highly colonial, nesting in dense aggregations
over or near freshwater in emergent growth or
riparian thickets. Also uses flooded agricultural
fields. Abundant insect prey near breeding areas
essential.

Unlikely. Dense stands of emergent
vegetation are limited within the Study
Area to around WDL. This isolated patch
of vegetation and distance from source
populations makes it unlikely for a
colony to establish.

CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 143

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
617
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
golden eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
CFP Occurs year-round in rolling foothills, mountain
areas, sage-juniper flats, and deserts. Cliff-walled
canyons provide nesting habitat in most parts of
range; also nests in large trees, usually within
otherwise open areas.

Unlikely. No rocky cliffs or canyons are
present to support nesting by this
species. May periodically fly over the
Study Area.
great blue heron
Ardea herodias
none
(breeding
sites
protected by
CDFW)
Year-round resident. Nests colonially or semicolonially in tall trees and on cliffs, also sequested terrestrial substrates. Breeding sites usually in
close proximity to foraging areas: marshes, lake
margins, tidal flats, and rivers. Forages primarily
on fishes and other aquatic prey, also smaller
terrestrial vertebrates.

Unlikely. No breeding sites located in the
vicinity of the Study Area.
short-eared owl
Asio flammeus
SSC Occurs year-round, but primarily as a winter
visitor; breeding very restricted in most of
California. Found in open, treeless areas (e.g.,
marshes, grasslands) with elevated sites for
foraging perches and dense herbaceous
vegetation for roosting and nesting. Preys mostly
on small mammals, particularly voles.

Unlikely. Grasslands that would support
this species are generally not present
within the Study Area. May occasionally
disperse through or fly over the Study
Area.
long-eared owl
Asio otus
SSC Occurs year-round in California. Nests in trees in
a variety of woodland habitats, including oak and
riparian, as well as tree groves. Requires adjacent
open land with rodents for foraging, and the
presence of old nests of larger birds (hawks,
crows, magpies) for breeding.

Unlikely. Forest/grassland matrix is
generally not present within the Study
Area to support this species.
burrowing owl
Athene cunicularia
SSC Year-round resident and winter visitor. Occurs in
open, dry grasslands and scrub habitats with lowgrowing vegetation, perches and abundant mammal burrows. Preys upon insects and small
vertebrates. Nests and roosts in old mammal
burrows, most commonly those of ground
squirrels.

Unlikely. Areas of ground squirrel
burrowing activity were not observed
within the Study Area. The Study Area is
generally forested or contains dense
scrub/shrub cover, and thus does not
provide suitable habitat for burrowing
owl.
144 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

X F DRAFT
618
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
marbled murrelet
Brachyramphus marmoratus
FT, SE Predominantly coastal marine. Nests in oldgrowth coniferous forests up to 30 miles inland along the Pacific coast, from Eureka to Oregon
border, and in Santa Cruz/San Mateo Counties.

Nests are highly cryptic, and typically located on
platform-like branches of mature redwoods and
Douglas firs. Forages on marine invertebrates and
small fishes.

No Potential. No old-growth coniferous
forests in the Study Area.
western snowy plover
Charadrius nivosus (alexandrines)
nivosus
FT, SSC, RP Federal listing applies only to the Pacific coastal population. Year-round resident and winter
visitor. Occurs on sandy beaches, salt pond
levees, and the shores of large alkali lakes. Nests
on the ground, requiring sandy, gravelly or friable
soils.

No Potential. No beaches or large alkali
lakes within the Study Area.
black tern
Chlidonias niger
SSC (Nesting colony) freshwater lakes, ponds, marshes
and flooded agricultural fields. At coastal lagoons
and estuaries during migration. Breeding range
reduced. Breeds primarily in Modoc Plateau
region, with some breeding in Sacramento and
San Joaquin Valleys.

No Potential. No suitable nesting
substrates are available for this species
within the Study Area.
northern harrier
Circus hudsonius (cyaneus)
SSC Year-round resident and winter visitor. Found in
open habitats including grasslands, prairies,
marshes and agricultural areas. Nests on the
ground in dense vegetation, typically near water
or otherwise moist areas. Preys on small
vertebrates.

Unlikely. Typical nesting habitat for this
species is scarce within the Study Area.

WDL constitutes the only water body,
and the vegetation around this lake is
either too tall or too scant to provide
suitable nesting areas for northern
harrier.
olive-sided flycatcher
Contopus cooperi
SSC Summer resident. Typical breeding habitat is
montane coniferous forests. At lower elevations,
also occurs in wooded canyons and mixed forests
and woodlands. Often associated with forest
edges. Arboreal nest sites located well off the
ground.

Moderate Potential. Mixed forests are
common within the Study Area and could
support nesting by this species.

CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 145

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
619
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
yellow rail
Coturnicops noveboracensis
SSC Summer resident in eastern Sierra Nevada in
Mono County, breeding in shallow freshwater
marshes and wet meadows with dense
vegetation. Also a rare winter visitor along the
coast and other portions of the state. Extremely
cryptic.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
white-tailed kite
Elanus leucurus
CFP Year-round resident in coastal and valley lowlands
with scattered trees and large shrubs, including
grasslands, marshes and agricultural areas. Nests
in trees, of which the type and setting are highly
variable. Preys on small mammals and other
vertebrates.

Moderate Potential. While this species
is generally observed in closer proximity
to San Francisco Bay, higher elevation
areas characterized by small trees
interspersed with grasses and low shrubs
could provide nesting or foraging habitat
for this species.

American peregrine falcon
Falco peregrinus anatum
FD, SD, CFP Year-round resident and winter visitor. Occurs in a wide variety of habitats, though often associated
with coasts, bays, marshes and other bodies of
water. Nests on protected cliffs and also on manmade structures including buildings and bridges.

Preys on birds, especially waterbirds. Forages
widely.

Unlikely. Cliffs or large manmade
structures that could support nesting by
this species are absent within the Study
Area. May be observed flying over or
foraging within the Study Area.

San Francisco common yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas sinuosa
SSC Resident of the San Francisco Bay region, in fresh
and salt water marshes. Requires thick,
continuous cover down to water surface for
foraging; tall grasses, tule patches, willows for
nesting.

Moderate Potential. Dense emergent
vegetation around WDL could support
nesting by this species. May also be
found in dense willow thickets in riparian
areas.
bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
FD, SE, CFP Occurs year-round in California, but primarily a winter visitor; breeding population is growing.

Nests in large trees in the vicinity of larger lakes,
reservoirs and rivers. Wintering habitat
somewhat more variable but usually features
large concentrations of waterfowl or fish.

Unlikely. Large trees or structures
directly adjacent to large water bodies
are not present within the Study Area.

May be seen flying over or foraging
within the Study Area given the
proximity of Crystal Springs Reservoir.
146 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

X F DRAFT
620
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
California black rail
Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus
ST, CFP Year-round resident in marshes (saline to
freshwater) with dense vegetation within four
inches of the ground. Prefers larger, undisturbed
marshes that have an extensive upper zone and
are close to a major water source. Extremely
secretive and cryptic.

Unlikely. Marsh habitats are extremely
limited within the Study Area, and are
exclusive to the small patch of emergent
vegetation around WDL.

Alameda song sparrow
Melospiza melodia pusillula
SSC Year-round resident of salt marshes bordering the
south arm of San Francisco Bay. Inhabits primarily
pickleweed marshes; nests placed in marsh
vegetation, typically shrubs such as gumplant.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.
black-crowned night heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
none
(breeding
sites
protected by
CDFW)
Year-round resident. Nests colonially, usually in
trees but also in patches of emergent vegetation.

Rookery sites are often on islands and usually
located adjacent to foraging areas: margins of
lakes and bays.

Unlikely.

California Ridgway’s (clapper) rail
Rallus obsoletus obsoletus
FE, SE, CFP Year-round resident in tidal marshes of the San Francisco Bay estuary. Requires tidal sloughs and
intertidal mud flats for foraging, and dense marsh
vegetation for nesting and cover. Typical habitat
features abundant growth of cordgrass and
pickleweed. Feeds primarily on molluscs and
crustaceans.

No Potential. The study Area does not
contain salt marsh habitats to support
this species.
black skimmer
Rynchops niger
SSC Found primarily in southern California; South San
Francisco Bay has a small resident population.

Nests colonially on gravel bars, low islets, and
sandy beaches
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain sandy beaches or gravel bars for
this species to nest on.

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APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
621
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
California least tern
Sternula antillarum browni
FE, SE, CFP Summer resident along the coast from San
Francisco Bay south to northern Baja California;
inland breeding also very rarely occurs. Nests
colonially on barren or sparsely vegetated areas
with sandy or gravelly substrates near water,
including beaches, islands, and gravel bars. In San
Francisco Bay, has also nested on salt pond
margins.

No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain sandy beaches or gravel bars for
this species to nest on.
pallid bat
Antrozous pallidus

SSC, WBWG
High
Found in a variety of habitats ranging from
grasslands to mixed forests, favoring open and
dry, rocky areas. Roost sites include crevices in
rock outcrops and cliffs, caves, mines, and also
hollow trees and various manmade structures
such as bridges, barns, and buildings (including
occupied buildings). Roosts must protect bats
from high temperatures. Very sensitive to
disturbance of roosting sites.

Unlikely. Wooded habitats dominate the
Study Area, which may provide foraging
but are unlikely to provide roost habitats
for this species.

Townsend’s big-eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii

SSC, WBWG
High
Associated with a wide variety of habitats from
deserts to higher-elevation mixed and coniferous
forests. Females form maternity colonies in
buildings, caves and mines, and males roost singly
or in small groups. Foraging typically occurs at
edge habitats near wooded areas, e.g. along
streams.

Unlikely. Wooded habitats dominate the
Study Area, which may provide foraging
but are unlikely to provide roost habitats
for this species.

Steller (=Northern) sea lion
Eumetopias jubatus

FD, MMC
SSC
Breeds on Año Nuevo, San Miguel and Farallon
islands, Point Saint George, and Sugarloaf. Haulsout on islands and rocks. Needs haul-out and breeding sites with unrestricted access to water,
near aquatic food supply and with no human
disturbance.

No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain any coastal beaches.
148 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

X F DRAFT
622
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
hoary bat
Lasiurus cinereus
WBWG
Medium
Prefers open forested habitats or habitat mosaics,
with access to trees for cover and open areas or
habitat edges for feeding. Roosts in dense foliage
of medium to large trees. Feeds primarily on
moths.

Moderate Potential. Forested habitats
within the Study Area could provide
roosting habitat for this species.
fringed myotis
Myotis thysanodes
WBWG High Associated with a wide variety of habitats
including dry woodlands, desert scrub, mesic
coniferous forest, grassland, and sage-grass
steppes. Buildings, mines and large trees and
snags are important day and night roosts.

Unlikely. Wooded habitats dominate the
Study Area, which may provide foraging
but are unlikely to provide roost habitats
for this species.

San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat
Neotoma fuscipes annectens
SSC Forest habitats of moderate canopy and
moderate to dense understory. Also in chaparral
habitats. Constructs nests of shredded grass,
leaves, and other material. May be limited by
availability of nest-building materials.

Present. Numerous woodrat houses
were observed during 2022 site visits.

This species is assumed to be present
variously throughout the Study Area.
big free-tailed bat
Nyctinomops macrotis

SSC, WBWG
med-high
Occurs rarely in low-lying arid areas. Requires
high cliffs or rocky outcrops for roosting sites.

Unlikely. Wooded habitats dominate the
Study Area, which may provide foraging
but are unlikely to provide roost habitats
for this species.
mountain lion
Puma concolor
CDFW
Candidate
Diverse habitat types including temperate
redwood forest, coniferous/deciduous forest,
coastal chaparral, foothills and mountains.

Moderate Potential. Forested and
chaparral habitats exist within the Study
Area.

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APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final
DRAFT Open Space Management Plan
623
Belmont Open Space Management Plan
January 2024
WRA, Inc.

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
salt-marsh harvest mouse
Reithrodontomys raviventris
FE, SE, CFP Endemic to emergent salt and brackish wetlands of the San Francisco Bay Estuary. Pickleweed
marshes are primary habitat; also occurs in
various other wetland communities with dense
vegetation. Does not burrow, builds loosely
organized nests. Requires higher areas for flood
escape.

No Potential. No salt marsh habitats are
present within the Study Area to support
this species.

Alameda Island mole
Scapanus latimanus parvus
SSC Known only from Alameda Island. Found in a
variety of habitats, especially annual and
perennial grasslands. Prefers moist, friable soils.

Avoids flooded soils.

No Potential. The Study Area is not on
Alameda Island.
salt-marsh wandering shrew
Sorex vagrans halicoetes
SSC Salt marshes of the south arm of San Francisco
Bay. Medium high marsh 6 to 8 feet above sea
level where abundant driftwood is scattered
among Salicornia.

No Potential. No salt marsh habitats are
present within the Study Area to support
this species.

American badger
Taxidea taxus
SSC Most abundant in drier open stages of most
shrub, forest, and herbaceous habitats, with
friable soils. Requires friable soils and open,
uncultivated ground. Preys on burrowing
rodents.

Moderate Potential. Higher elevation
areas within the Study Area provide
shrub and herbaceous habitats with
friable soils that could allow for denning
by this species.

Delta smelt
Hypomesus transpacificus
FT, SE, RP Lives in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary in areas where salt and freshwater systems meet.

Occurs seasonally in Suisun Bay, Carquinez Strait
and San Pablo Bay. Seldom found at salinities >
10 ppt; most often at salinities < 2 ppt.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known breeding range for this
species.
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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
tidewater goby
Eucyclogobius newberryi
FE, SSC Brackish water habitats along the California coast from Agua Hedionda Lagoon, San Diego County to
the mouth of the Smith River. Found in shallow
lagoons and lower stream reaches; requires fairly
still but not stagnant water and high oxygen
levels.

No Potential. No brackish water habitats
are present within the Study Area to
support this species.

California tiger salamander
Ambystoma californiense
FE/FT, ST, RP Populations in Santa Barbara and Sonoma
counties currently listed as endangered;
threatened in remainder of range. Inhabits
grassland, oak woodland, ruderal and seasonal
pool habitats. Adults are fossorial and utilize
mammal burrows and other subterranean refugia.

Breeding occurs primarily in vernal pools and
other seasonal water features.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known range of this species.

Santa Cruz black salamander
Aneides flavipunctatus niger
SSC Climbing salamanders of the genus Aneides
frequent damp woodlands and are usually found
hiding under various debris (i.e. bark, woodrat
nests, logs). The Santa Cruz black salamander
exists south of the San Francisco Bay and was only
recently recognized as a separate and protected
species. Santa Cruz black salamander is highly
sedentary, preferring to stay hidden under
riparian debris. Prey items include millipedes,
spiders, and other insects (Stebbins and McGinnis
2012).

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of
the known range of this species.
green sea turtle
Chelonia mydas
FT (west
coast
populations)
Found in fairly shallow waters inside reefs, bays
and inlets with marine grass and algae. Open
beaches with a sloping platform and minimal
disturbance are required for nesting. This species
exhibits high site fidelity.

No Potential. There are no coastal
beaches within the Study Area.

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
California giant salamander
Dicamptodon ensatus
SSC Occurs in the north-central Coast Ranges. Moist
coniferous and mixed forests are typical habitat;
also uses woodland and chaparral. Adults are
terrestrial and fossorial, breeding in cold,
permanent or semi-permanent streams. Larvae
usually remain aquatic for over a year.

Unlikely. Few, if any, permanent streams
that are likely to remain cool are present
within the Study Area to support this
species.

Pacific (western) pond turtle
Actinemys marmorata
SSC A thoroughly aquatic turtle of ponds, marshes,
rivers, streams and irrigation ditches with aquatic
vegetation. Require basking sites such as partially
submerged logs, vegetation mats, or open mud
banks, and suitable upland habitat (sandy banks
or grassy open fields) for egg-laying.

High Potential. Turtles were observed in
WDL, although it was not determined
whether the turtles were invasive redeared sliders (Trachemys scripta) or pond turtles. It is highly likely that native
turtles could be present.

Alameda whipsnake
Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus
FT, ST Inhabits chaparral and foothill-hardwood habitats in the eastern Bay Area. Prefers south-facing
slopes and ravines with rock outcroppings where
shrubs form a vegetative mosaic with oak trees
and grasses and small mammal burrows provide
basking and refuge.

No Potential. The Study Area is outside
of the known breeding range of this
species.

California red-legged frog
Rana draytonii
FT, SSC, RP Lowlands and foothills in or near permanent sources of deep water with dense, shrubby or
emergent riparian vegetation. Requires 11 to 20
weeks of permanent water for larval
development. Associated with quiet perennial to
intermittent ponds, stream pools and wetlands.

Prefers shorelines with extensive vegetation.

Disperses through upland habitats after rains.

Unlikely. Despite the presence of
multiple occurrences around nearby
Crystal Springs Reservoir, the Study Area
is separated from these occurrences by
Interstate 280 which constitutes a
complete barrier to dispersal for CRLF.

Additionally, no hydrologic connectivity
appears to exist between potentially
suitable habitats within the Study Area
and known source populations.

San Francisco garter snake
Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia

FE, SE, CFP,
RP
Vicinity of freshwater marshes, ponds and slow
moving streams in San Mateo County and
extreme northern Santa Cruz County. Prefers
dense cover and water depths of at least one
foot. Upland areas near water are also very
important.

Unlikely. Ponds and perennial streams
are limited within the Study Area to
support this species. CRLF being unlikely
to occur also deprives this species of its
chief prey item.
152 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
DRAFT | Final

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SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE**
vernal pool fairy shrimp
Branchinecta lynchi
FT, RP Endemic to the grasslands of the Central Valley, central coast mountains, and south coast
mountains, in astatic rain-filled pools. Inhabit
small, clear-water sandstone-depression pools
and grassed swale, earth slump, or basalt-flow
depression pools.

No Potential. No vernal pools are
present within the Study Area.

San Bruno elfin butterfly
Callophrys mossii bayensis
FE Limited to the vicinity of San Bruno Mountain, San
Mateo County. Colonies are located on in rocky
outcrops and cliffs in coastal scrub habitat on
steep, north-facing slopes within the fog belt.

Species range is tied to the distribution of the
larval host plant, Sedum spathulifolium.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of
the known range of this species.
monarch butterfly
Danaus plexippus
none (winter
roosts
protected by
CDFW)
Winter roost sites extend along the coast from
northern Mendocino to Baja California, Mexico.

Roosts located in wind-protected tree groves
(eucalyptus, Monterey pine, Monterey cypress),
with nectar and water sources nearby.

Unlikely. Large stands of trees with the
appropriate wind block or
thermoregulatory properties to support
winter roosting by this species were not
observed within the Study Area.

Bay checkerspot butterfly
Euphydryas editha bayensis
FT, RP Restricted to native grasslands on outcrops of
serpentine soil in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay.

Plantago erecta is the primary host plant;
Orthocarpus densiflorus and O. purpurscens are
the secondary host plants.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of
the known range of this species.

Mission blue butterfly
Icaricia icarioides missionensis
FE, RP Inhabits grasslands and coastal chaparral of the San Francisco peninsula and southern Marin
County, but mostly found on San Bruno
Mountain. Three larval host plants: Lupinus
albifrons, L. variicolor, and L. formosus, of which L.
albifrons is favored.

Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of
the known range of this species.

FE: Federal Endangered
FT: Federal Threatened
FD: Federal Delisted
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RP: Published Recovery Plan
SE: State Endangered
ST: State Threatened
SD: State Delisted
SR: State Rare
Rank 1A: Plants presumed extinct in California
Rank 1B: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere Rank 2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere Rank 3: Plants about which we need more information – a review list Rank 4: Plants of limited distribution – a watch list
CFP: CDFW Fully Protected Species
SSC: CDFW Species of Special Concern
MMC SSC: Marine Mammal Commission Species of Special Concern WBWG: Western Bat Working Group Priority Species
154 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES

APPENDIX F
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ATTACHMENT C – EXAMPLE TRAIL SEGMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
The following locations were identified as priorities for trail improvements based on existing high levels of trail erosion. Implementation of trail improvements may require site review by necessary experts such as hydrologists, geotechnical engineers, or civil engineers.

Location: 37.49919, -122.2958
Recommendation: Drainage feature to convey stream flows, and a single path of travel across the bridge.

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Location: 37.49953, -122.2971
Recommendation: Drainage feature to convey stream flows, and a single path of travel across the bridge.

APPENDIX F
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APPENDIX F DRAFT
630
Location: 37.50067, -122.2967
Recommendation: Narrow the trail tread and re-contour to avoid channelizing storm flows.

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Location: 37.50154, -122.2979
Recommendation: Replace existing with a wider bridge, and eliminate the braided trail through the stream channel.

APPENDIX F
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APPENDIX F DRAFT
632
Location: 37.50272, -122.3003
Recommendation: Re-contour to outslope trail tread, and/or add drainage feature to ensure water flows in the ditch instead of the trail.

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Location: 37.51764, -122.3218
Recommendation: Install puncheon since the areas before and after this stream crossing are frequently muddy.

APPENDIX F
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APPENDIX F DRAFT
634
Location: 37.499898, -122.298454
Recommendation: Close trail segment and install physical barrier to prevent future use. Reroute trail using nearby existing segments.

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ATTACHMENT D – EXAMPLE SIGNAGE RECOMMENDATIONS
Specific examples of signage recommendations.

Use consistent naming conventions on all open space messaging. The photo below shows a sign indicating the location as WDL, however, on City trail maps this location is listed on Google as Hidden Canyon Park. This creates confusion for visitors not only trying to access or navigate the site, but also when interpreting regulations and where they may apply. Occasional information such as post-rain closures, and wildfire risk should also be communicated through on-site signage since many local visitors likely do not read the City website prior to visiting.

APPENDIX F
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APPENDIX F DRAFT
636
Use consistent sign design across City open space lands. The photo above and the photo below are both signs containing trail etiquette and regulatory information, but the design is drastically different. This can create confusion for visitors over what is an enforceable regulation and what is not. Different styles of signage also typically indicate different locations.

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Use open space identifying signage at trailheads. Site and trail identification are necessary pieces of information at every trailhead. This lets visitors know they are in the right place and helps visitors distinguish designated trailheads from unauthorized access points. The photo below shows what Google labels as the John Brooks Trailhead. However, the signage does not identify the open space by name (WDL and Open Space) nor does it identify the trail by name. It is also recommended that trailheads be equipped with a trail map, trash can with lid, and dog waste bags.

APPENDIX F
164 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX F DRAFT
638
CITY OF BELMONT | PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES 165 Prioritization Matrix

APPENDIX G
639
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM
Alexander Park redesign for proposed park amenities 5 5 12 1 23 Alexander Continue looped walking path around lawn 4 5 3 0 12 Alexander Provide ADA accessible path to existing and new amenities 6 5 6 0 17 Alexander Increase visibility and celebrate the park by enhancing and upgrading the street entrance experience (incorporating art, such as murals, along the entrance access)
4360 13
Alexander Resurface and restripe Tennis Court to include Pickleball (completed Summer 2022)
4391 17
Alexander Repair/Replace BBQs 1 0 3 2 6
Alexander Add Bocce Ball Court 4360 13
Alexander Replace an existing playground with an All-Abilities Playground 3 5 19 0 27 Alexander Increase seating opportunities 3530 11
Alexander Monitor Oak tree 4532 14
Alexander Enhance existing plantings with native and drought-tolerant species 5 5 3 0 13 Alexander Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 3 3 3 0 9 Alexander Expand tree canopy and shade with tree plantings (maintain central lawn without obstruction)
5531 14
Barrett Community Center Implement the recommendations from the Barrett Community Center Conceptual Design Report (2020)
6560 17
Barrett Community Center Add seating opportunities 3 5 0 0 8 Barrett Community Center Remove fitness equipment on-site to re-use at alternative park location
1 0 0 0 1
Barrett Community Center Improve planting near entrance 5 3 0 2 10 Barrett Community Center Construct Multi-Use Athletic Field in Conceptual Design Report as synthetic turf
5 0 3 1 9
Barrett Community Center Restructure parking size and configuration 1 0 0 0 1 Barrett Community Center Add Dog Parklet 3560 14
Barrett Community Center Add Pool (Water Play) 3530 11
Barrett Community Center Add Spray Park (Water Play) 3530 11 Barrett Community Center Relocate and upgrade Playground with inclusive, all-abilities play 4 5 16 1 26 Barrett Community Center Construct new Community Center 6 5 13 0 24

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS

APPENDIX G
166 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
640
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
Barrett Community Center Consider synthetic turf for Multi-use Athletic Field5 0 3 0 8 Barrett Community Center Relocate multi-use sports court 4 3 0 0 7 Barrett Community Center Add picnic area 2 5 0 0 7
Barrett Community Center Plant trees to increase shade 5 5 0 0 10 Belameda Add fitness equipment course along existing and extended walking path (Recreation Amenity)
4530 12
Belameda Create walking loop extension 4 5 0 0 9
Belameda Increase entrance and connection opportunities to create better park access
4531 13
Belameda Add Wi-Fi access to site 6530 14
Belameda Create a Teen Outdoor Space to complement offerings at the Belmont Library
3560 14
Belameda Continue path to create a walking and learn-to-bike loop in land west of parking lot
6530 14
Belameda Increase seating opportunities 3 5 0 0 8
Belameda Consider inclusive, all-abilities play in playground 3560 14 Belameda Add native planting near entrance 5 5 0 1 11
Belameda Refresh planting around playground 5 5 0 1 11
Belameda Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 3 3 0 0 6 Belmont Sports Complex Add bike repair station 4330 10
Belmont Sports Complex Create an accessible Social Gathering Space to promote social interactions
4 5 0 0 9
Belmont Sports Complex Redevelop underutilized space with a Pump Track (Bike Park) 4 5 6 0 15 Belmont Sports Complex Add a Fitness Equipment Course around North Field path 4530 12 Belmont Sports Complex Relocate picnic tables 4 0 0 1 5 Belmont Sports Complex Increase seating opportunities 3 5 0 0 8 Belmont Sports Complex Add native planting areas 5 5 0 0 10 Belmont Sports Complex Consider transitioning South Field and Marina Field to synthetic turf 5 0 3 0 8 Belmont Sports Complex Add interpretive signage about marsh and bay ecology 2330 8 Cipriani Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
5 0 0 1 6
Cipriani Formalize dog park entrance from school’s parking lot 4331 11 Cipriani Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities 6 5 3 0 14 Prioritization Matrix
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641
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
Cipriani Rebuild entrance stairs, ramp, and pathway from Buena Vista Ave 6 5 3 2 16 Cipriani Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small 3 5 0 0 8 Cipriani Upgrade playground structure 3 5 0 1 9
Cipriani Redesign dog park area to better address community needs and surfacing best suited to use
3 5 10 2 20
Cipriani Increase seating opportunities 3 5 0 0 8
Cipriani Consider additional amenities in partnership with adjacent school 4 3 0 0 7 Cipriani Add trees around perimeter of fenced dog park area for shade 5 5 0 0 10 Cipriani Evaluate multi-use flexible lawn for turf improvement 4 0 0 1 5 College ViewAssess paved surface for access and repair/replace as needed 6 5 0 2 13 College ViewConsider creating and interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between College View Park, Semeria Park, and Patricia Wharton Park
4530 12
College ViewExplore opportunities to connect to the NDNU Campus 4330 10 College ViewContinue to refill wood chips in Playground area periodically 1 0 0 1 2 College ViewReplace benches 4 3 0 2 9
College ViewAdd planted area near picnic area 5 5 0 2 12 College ViewPlant trees to increase shade 5 5 0 1 11
Davey GlenAdd signage for a walking loop within the park (depicted path on ramp, around lawn, and stairs is 0.1 mile)
4330 10
Davey GlenContinue to maintain the high-quality planting across the site 3 3 0 0 6 Hallmark Create seating in shaded area (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) 3 5 0 0 8 Hallmark Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
5 3 0 2 10
Hallmark Evaluate paths’ accessibility and reconstruct as needed 6 5 0 2 13 Hallmark Resurface and restripe Tennis Courts to include Pickleball (completed Spring 2022)
4361 14
Hallmark Update, expand, and consider relocating playground structure 3 5 0 1 9 Hallmark Increase seating opportunities 3 5 0 0 8
Hallmark Plant trees to replace declining existing trees across the site (succession planting)
5 5 0 1 11
Hallmark Plant trees to increase shade 5 5 0 1 11

APPENDIX G
168 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
642
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
Hallmark Consider adding native planting areas 5 5 0 0 10 Hastings Tot Lot Park redesign for proposed park amenities 5 3 6 2 16 Hastings Tot Lot Add crosswalk for connectivity to park and adjacent trailhead 4 5 0 0 9 Hastings Tot Lot Replenish playground fibar 1 3 0 2 6
Hastings Tot Lot Replace and consider reorienting benches for eyes on the playground and sunset view
4332 12
Hastings Tot Lot Replace wood stake fence 1 3 0 5 9
Hastings Tot Lot Create safety barrier between playground and adjacent Hasting Drive 4 5 3 0 12 Hastings Tot Lot Update play structure 4 5 0 1 10
Hastings Tot Lot Create native planting area around playground 5 5 0 0 10 Hastings Tot Lot Add interpretive signage to educate about native plants and open spaces
2330 8
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities (Seating) 3 5 3 0 11 Hidden Canyon Add Nature Play Element (Play Amenity) 4 5 3 0 12 Hidden Canyon Add a small and shaded Picnic Areas (Picnic Opportunity) 2530 10 Hidden Canyon Add an Outdoor Classroom (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) 5 5 6 0 16 Hidden Canyon Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
5592 21
Hidden Canyon Add ADA parking stall 1560 12
Hidden Canyon Increase quantity of parking stalls to accommodate volume of visitors 1 3 3 1 8 Hidden Canyon Add restroom with water fountain 2330 8
Hidden Canyon Add Open Space Gateway Element 4390 16
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities 3530 11
Hidden Canyon Maintain native plantings 5 5 0 0 10
Hidden Canyon Remove non-native plants 5 3 0 0 8
Hidden Canyon Add shade (trees or shade structure) to seating areas 5530 13 McDougal Park Add All-Abilities Play Element (Play Amenity) 4 5 16 0 25 McDougal Park Utilize adjacent school for off-street parking during limited hours (OffStreet Parking) 1332 9
McDougal Park Add permanent restroom (Permanent Restroom) 2 3 6 0 11 McDougal Park Whole park redesign for better accessibility and amenities proposed with a Park Design Plan
5392 19
Prioritization Matrix
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643
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
McDougal Park Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities 6 5 6 0 17 McDougal Park Explore adding stair, ramp preferred, access closer to Solana Dr 6 5 3 0 14 McDougal Park Add an accessible Gathering Space to promote social interaction 4 5 3 0 12 McDougal Park Replace storage containers 1 0 0 2 3
McDougal Park Replace picnic tables 4 0 0 2 6
McDougal Park Replace benches 4 0 0 2 6
McDougal Park Increase seating opportunities 3 5 0 0 8
McDougal Park Evaluate condition of trees near entrance and remove or treat as needed
4 3 0 2 9
McDougal Park Consider transitioning Multi-use Athletic Fields to synthetic turf 5 0 3 1 9 McDougal Park Plant trees to increase shade 5 0 0 0 5
O'Donnell Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small 4 5 9 0 18 O'Donnell Replace BBQs 2 0 3 2 7
O'Donnell Refurbish the existing half basketball courts 4 3 3 1 11 O'Donnell Add shade, tables, and outdoor games 3 5 6 0 14 O'Donnell Refresh planting areas with native plants 5 5 3 1 14 O'Donnell Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 3 3 3 0 9 Patricia Wharton Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed 6 5 0 1 12 Patricia Wharton Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Patricia Wharton Park, Semeria Park, and College View Park
4530 12
Patricia Wharton Replace seating 4 3 0 2 9
Patricia Wharton Add boulders or stumps as seating or play elements in center planter area
3530 11
Patricia Wharton Add native planting to hillside 5 5 0 0 10 Patricia Wharton Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 3 3 0 0 6 Ralston RanchAdd benches (Seating) 3 5 10 0 18
Ralston RanchAdd Natural Play Element (Play Amenity) 4 5 10 0 19 Ralston RanchAdd individual Picnic Tables (Picnic Opportunity) 3 5 10 0 18 Ralston RanchAdd small seating space (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) 3 5 10 0 18 Ralston RanchAdd walking path (Recreation Amenity) 4 5 10 0 19

APPENDIX G
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APPENDIX G DRAFT
644
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
Ralston RanchWhole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
5 0 16 0 21
Ralston RanchMonitor trees and replace as necessary 4 5 7 1 17 Ralston RanchAdd native planting areas 5570 17
Ralston RanchUtilize trees as screening from Ralston Avenue and as wind protection 5 3 7 0 15 Semeria Add fitness signage (Recreation Amenity) 3 5 3 0 11 Semeria Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Semeria Park, Patricia Wharton Park, and College View Park
4530 12
Semeria Garbage receptable access from sidewalk 1 0 0 1 2 Semeria Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 3 3 0 0 6 Twin Pines Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed 6 5 0 1 12 Twin Pines Pave path to restroom 6532 16
Twin Pines Implement Twin Pines Master Plan (2019) 6 5 3 1 15 Twin Pines Evaluate and repair picnic tables in poor condition 4 3 0 2 9 Twin Pines Replace BBQs 2 0 0 2 4
Twin Pines Replace drinking fountain 1 0 0 2 3
Twin Pines Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 3 3 0 0 6 Twin Pines Restructure arrival zone to strengthen visual and physical connections 4 3 3 2 12 Twin Pines Prioritize pedestrian expereince in Town Square area3 0 3 1 7 Twin Pines Develop trail connections beyond park boundaries 4 3 6 2 15 Twin Pines Add looped walking path(s) 5531 14
Twin Pines Renovate and expand playground structure with inclusive, all-abilities play
4 3 16 1 24
Twin Pines Add Water Play Element 3330 9
Twin Pines Renovate Picnic Area 4 3 0 1 8
Twin Pines Add Bocce Ball Court 4330 10
Twin Pines Add Teen Outdoor Space 3560 14
Twin Pines Add Multi-use Lawn 4330 10
Twin Pines Establish and improve visual and access connections to Belmont Creek 5 5 6 2 18 Wakefield Create overlook opportunity (Identifiable Amenity) 3 330 9 Prioritization Matrix
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PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
Wakefield Improve existing walking path(s) 4 5 0 2 11
Wakefield Add benches 3530 11
Wakefield Add entrance signage to increase park visibility 4 3 6 0 13 Wakefield Plant trees to increase shade 5 5 0 0 10
Wakefield Add native planting areas 5 3 0 0 8
Wakefield Public Art opportunity 5330 11
Central School Create looped walking path around lawn 4 5 0 0 9 Central School Rejuvenate outdoor classroom space 5 3 3 1 12 Central School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
5 0 3 1 9
Fox School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
5 0 3 1 9
Nesbit School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
5 0 3 1 9
Ralston School Update exterior path at property line to better connect to ropes course south of the school if former ropes course activated for other use 4 5 0 0 9
Ralston School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
5 0 3 1 9
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create gateway planting as an entry for Belmont (Natural Environment)
4 3 10 0 17
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add benches (Seating) 3 3 13 0 19 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Skate Park (Identifiable Amenity) 4 3 19 0 26 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
5 3 16 0 24
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities 6 5 10 0 21 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Dog Parklet 3 3 16 0 22 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add placemaking space to host community gathering, event space, popup business space, etc. 3 3 16 0 22
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Install Public Art piece 5 3 16 0 24 Oak Knoll DrAdd benches (Seating) 3 5 10 0 18
Oak Knoll DrAdd Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) 5 5 10 0 20 Oak Knoll DrWhole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
5 5 10 0 20

APPENDIX G
172 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
646
PARK Site AMENITY

GOALSCOMMUNITY PRIORITYRESOLVE DEFICIENCYEXISTING CONDITION SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - TOTAL POINTS

AMENITIES POINTS
Oak Knoll DrEncourage creation of a “safety circle” at the terminus of Oak Knoll Drive to highlight park use in center
4 5 10 0 19
Oak Knoll DrAdd native planting areas 5570 17
Alameda de las Pulgas Add benches (Seating) 3 5 10 0 18 Alameda de las Pulgas Add Nature Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) 5 3 10 0 18 Alameda de las Pulgas Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
5 0 13 0 18
Alameda de las Pulgas Add looped walking path(s) 4 5 10 0 19 Alameda de las Pulgas Encourage creation of sidewalks along and connecting to park 4 5 10 0 19 Alameda de las Pulgas Add bike repair station 4 5 10 0 19 Alameda de las Pulgas Add fence or protective barrier between play element and road 4 0 7 0 11 Alameda de las Pulgas Add native planting areas 5570 17 Prioritization Matrix
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648
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM
Alexander Park redesign for proposed park amenities 1 1 1 1 1 5 Alexander Continue looped walking path around lawn 1 1 1 1 4 Alexander Provide ADA accessible path to existing and new amenities 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Alexander Increase visibility and celebrate the park by enhancing and upgrading the street entrance experience (incorporating art, such as murals, along the entrance access)
111 1 4
Alexander Resurface and restripe Tennis Court to include Pickleball (completed Summer 2022)
11 1 1 4
Alexander Repair/Replace BBQs 1 1
Alexander Add Bocce Ball Court 11 1 1 4
Alexander Replace an existing playground with an All-Abilities Playground 1 1 1 3 Alexander Increase seating opportunities 111 3
Alexander Monitor Oak tree 1 1 1 14
Alexander Enhance existing plantings with native and drought-tolerant species
1 1 1 1 15
Alexander Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 111 3 Alexander Expand tree canopy and shade with tree plantings (maintain central lawn without obstruction)
1 1 1 1 15
Barrett Community Center Implement the recommendations from the Barrett Community Center Conceptual Design Report (2020)
1111 11 6
Barrett Community Center Add seating opportunities 111 3 Barrett Community Center Remove fitness equipment on-site to re-use at alternative park location
11 Barrett Community Center Improve planting near entrance 1 1 1 1 15

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial

APPENDIX G
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 175 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
649
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Barrett Community Center Construct Multi-Use Athletic Field in Conceptual Design Report as synthetic turf
11 11 1 5
Barrett Community Center Restructure parking size and configuration 1 1 Barrett Community Center Add Dog Parklet 11 1 3
Barrett Community Center Add Pool (Water Play) 11 1 3
Barrett Community Center Add Spray Park (Water Play) 11 1 3 Barrett Community Center Relocate and upgrade Playground with inclusive, all-abilities play
111 1 4
Barrett Community Center Construct new Community Center 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Barrett Community Center Consider synthetic turf for Multi-use Athletic Field 11 11 1 5 Barrett Community Center Relocate multi-use sports court 11 1 1 4 Barrett Community Center Add picnic area 11 2
Barrett Community Center Plant trees to increase shade 1 1 1 1 15 Belameda Add fitness equipment course along existing and extended walking path (Recreation Amenity)
111 1 4
Belameda Create walking loop extension 1 1 1 1 4
Belameda Increase entrance and connection opportunities to create better park access
111 1 4
Belameda Add Wi-Fi access to site 1 1111 1 6
Belameda Create a Teen Outdoor Space to complement offerings at the Belmont Library
111 3
Belameda Continue path to create a walking and learn-to-bike loop in land west of parking lot
11111 1 6
Belameda Increase seating opportunities 111 3
Belameda Consider inclusive, all-abilities play for playground 111 3 Belameda Add native planting near entrance 1 1 1 1 15
Belameda Refresh planting around playground 1 1 1 1 15

APPENDIX G
176 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
650
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Belameda Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 111 3 Belmont Sports Complex Add bike repair station 111 1 4
Belmont Sports Complex Create an accessible Social Gathering Space to promote social interactions
1111 4
Belmont Sports Complex Redevelop underutilized space with a Pump Track (Bike Park) 1 1 1 1 4 Belmont Sports Complex Add a Fitness Equipment Course around North Field path 1 1 1 1 4 Belmont Sports Complex Relocate picnic tables 1111 4
Belmont Sports Complex Increase seating opportunities 111 3 Belmont Sports Complex Add native planting areas 1 1 1 1 15 Belmont Sports Complex Consider transitioning South Field and Marina Field to synthetic turf
11 11 1 5
Belmont Sports Complex Add interpretive signage about marsh and bay ecology 1 1 2 Cipriani Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
1 11 11 5
Cipriani Formalize dog park entrance from school’s parking lot 1 1 1 1 4 Cipriani Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Cipriani Rebuild entrance stairs, ramp, and pathway from Buena Vista Ave
11 11 1 1 6
Cipriani Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small 1 1 1 3 Cipriani Upgrade playground structure 11 1 3
Cipriani Redesign dog park area to better address community needs and surfacing best suited to use
11 1 3
Cipriani Increase seating opportunities 111 3

APPENDIX G
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 177 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
651
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Cipriani Consider additional amenities in partnership with adjacent school
1 11 1 4
Cipriani Add trees around perimeter of fenced dog park area for shade 1 1 1 1 1 5 Cipriani Evaluate multi-use flexible lawn for turf improvement 1111 4 College ViewAssess paved surface for access and repair/replace as needed 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 College ViewConsider creating and interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between College View Park, Semeria Park, and Patricia Wharton Park
1 111 4
College ViewExplore opportunities to connect to the NDNU Campus 1 111 4 College ViewContinue to refill wood chips in Playground area periodically 11 College ViewReplace benches 1111 4
College ViewAdd planted area near picnic area 1 1 1 1 15 College ViewPlant trees to increase shade 1 1 1 1 15
Davey Glen Add signage for a walking loop within the park (depicted path on ramp, around lawn, and stairs is 0.1 mile)
11 1 1 4
Davey Glen Continue to maintain the high-quality planting across the site 111 3 Hallmark Create seating in shaded area (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) 1 1 1 3 Hallmark Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
1 11 11 5
Hallmark Evaluate paths’ accessibility and reconstruct as needed 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Hallmark Resurface and restripe Tennis Courts to include Pickleball (completed Spring 2022)
11 1 1 4

APPENDIX G
178 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
652
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Hallmark Update, expand, and consider relocating playground structure 1 1 1 3 Hallmark Increase seating opportunities 111 3
Hallmark Plant trees to replace declining existing trees across the site (succession planting)
1 1 1 1 15
Hallmark Plant trees to increase shade 1 1 1 1 15
Hallmark Consider adding native planting areas 1 1 1 1 15 Hastings Tot Lot Park redesign for proposed park amenities 1 1 1 1 1 5 Hastings Tot Lot Add crosswalk for connectivity to park and adjacent trailhead 1 1 1 1 4 Hastings Tot Lot Replenish playground fibar 11
Hastings Tot Lot Replace and consider reorienting benches for eyes on the playground and sunset view
1111 4
Hastings Tot Lot Replace wood stake fence 11
Hastings Tot Lot Create safety barrier between playground and adjacent Hasting Drive
111 1 4
Hastings Tot Lot Update play structure 111 1 4
Hastings Tot Lot Create native planting area around playground 1 1 1 1 1 5 Hastings Tot Lot Add interpretive signage to educate about native plants and open spaces
1 1 2
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities (Seating) 1 1 1 3 Hidden Canyon Add Nature Play Element (Play Amenity) 1 1 1 1 4 Hidden Canyon Add a small and shaded Picnic Areas (Picnic Opportunity) 1 1 2 Hidden Canyon Add an Outdoor Classroom (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) 1 1 1 1 1 5 Hidden Canyon Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
1 11 11 5

APPENDIX G
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 179 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
653
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Hidden Canyon Add ADA parking stall 1 1
Hidden Canyon Increase quantity of parking stalls to accommodate volume of visitors
1 1
Hidden Canyon Add restroom with water fountain 11 2
Hidden Canyon Add Open Space Gateway Element 1 1 1 1 4
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities 111 3
Hidden Canyon Maintain native plantings 1 1 1 1 15
Hidden Canyon Remove non-native plants 1 1 1 1 15
Hidden Canyon Add shade (trees or shade structure) to seating areas 1 1 1 1 15 McDougal Park Add All-Abilities Play Element (Play Amenity) 1 1 1 1 4 McDougal Park Utilize adjacent school for off-street parking during limited hours (Off-Street Parking)
1 1
McDougal Park Add permanent restroom (Permanent Restroom) 1 1 2 McDougal Park Whole park redesign for better accessibility and amenities proposed with a Park Design Plan
1 11 11 5
McDougal Park Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 McDougal Park Explore adding stair, ramp preferred, access closer to Solana Dr
11 11 1 1 6
McDougal Park Add an accessible Gathering Space to promote social interaction
1111 4
McDougal Park Replace storage containers 11
McDougal Park Replace picnic tables 1111 4
McDougal Park Replace benches 1111 4
McDougal Park Increase seating opportunities 111 3
McDougal Park Evaluate condition of trees near entrance and remove or treat as needed
1 1 1 14

APPENDIX G
180 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
654
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
McDougal Park Consider transitioning Multi-use Athletic Fields to synthetic turf
11 11 1 5
McDougal Park Plant trees to increase shade 1 1 1 1 15
O'Donnell Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small 1 1 1 1 4 O'Donnell Replace BBQs 1 12
O'Donnell Refurbish the existing half basketball courts 1 1 1 1 4 O'Donnell Add shade, tables, and outdoor games 1 1 1 3
O'Donnell Refresh planting areas with native plants 1 1 1 1 1 5 O'Donnell Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 111 3 Patricia Wharton Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Patricia Wharton Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Patricia Wharton Park, Semeria Park, and College View Park
1 111 4
Patricia Wharton Replace seating 1111 4
Patricia Wharton Add boulders or stumps as seating or play elements in center planter area
11 1 3
Patricia Wharton Add native planting to hillside 1 1 1 1 15 Patricia Wharton Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 111 3 Ralston RanchAdd benches (Seating) 111 3
Ralston RanchAdd Natural Play Element (Play Amenity) 1 1 1 1 4 Ralston RanchAdd individual Picnic Tables (Picnic Opportunity) 1 1 1 3 Ralston RanchAdd small seating space (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) 111 3 Ralston RanchAdd walking path (Recreation Amenity) 1 1 1 1 4 Ralston RanchWhole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
1 11 11 5

APPENDIX G
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 181 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
655
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Ralston RanchMonitor trees and replace as necessary 1 1 1 14 Ralston RanchAdd native planting areas 1 1 1 1 15
Ralston RanchUtilize trees as screening from Ralston Avenue and as wind protection
1 1 1 1 15
Semeria Add fitness signage (Recreation Amenity) 1 1 1 3 Semeria Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Semeria Park, Patricia Wharton Park, and College View Park
1 111 4
Semeria Garbage receptable access from sidewalk 11
Semeria Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 111 3 Twin Pines Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Twin Pines Pave path to restroom 11 11 1 1 6
Twin Pines Implement Twin Pines Master Plan (2019) 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Twin Pines Evaluate and repair picnic tables in poor condition 1111 4 Twin Pines Replace BBQs 1 12
Twin Pines Replace drinking fountain 11
Twin Pines Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site 111 3 Twin Pines Restructure arrival zone to strengthen visual and physical connections
111 1 4
Twin Pines Prioritize pedestrian expereince in Town Square area 111 3 Twin Pines Develop trail connections beyond park boundaries 1 1 1 14 Twin Pines Add looped walking path(s) 1 1 1 1 1 5
Twin Pines Renovate and expand playground structure with inclusive, allabilities play111 1 4 Twin Pines Add Water Play Element 11 1 3
Twin Pines Renovate Picnic Area 1111 4

APPENDIX G
182 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
656
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Twin Pines Add Bocce Ball Court 11 1 1 4
Twin Pines Add Teen Outdoor Space 111 3
Twin Pines Add Multi-use Lawn 1111 4
Twin Pines Establish and improve visual and access connections to Belmont Creek
111 11 5
Wakefield Create overlook opportunity (Identifiable Amenity) 1 1 1 3 Wakefield Improve existing walking path(s) 1 1 1 1 4
Wakefield Add benches 111 3
Wakefield Add entrance signage to increase park visibility 1 1 1 14 Wakefield Plant trees to increase shade 1 1 1 1 15
Wakefield Add native planting areas 1 1 1 1 15
Wakefield Public Art opportunity 1 11 1 1 5
Central School Create looped walking path around lawn 1 1 1 1 4 Central School Rejuvenate outdoor classroom space 1 11 1 1 5 Central School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
11 11 1 5
Fox School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
11 11 1 5
Nesbit School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
11 11 1 5
Ralston School Update exterior path at property line to better connect to ropes course south of the school if former ropes course activated for other use
111 1 4
Ralston School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
11 11 1 5
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create gateway planting as an entry for Belmont (Natural Environment)
111 1 4
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add benches (Seating) 111 3

APPENDIX G
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 183 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
657
Park Park Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - GOAL POINTS
The City as
Your Backyard
Outdoor
Recreation for
Celebrate the
Outdoors
Environmental
& Financial
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Skate Park (Identifiable Amenity) 1 1 1 1 4 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
1 11 11 5
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Dog Parklet 11 1 3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add placemaking space to host community gathering, event space, pop-up business space, etc.
111 3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Install Public Art piece 1 11 1 1 5 Oak Knoll DrAdd benches (Seating) 111 3
Oak Knoll DrAdd Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) 1 1 1 1 1 5 Oak Knoll DrWhole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
1 11 11 5
Oak Knoll DrEncourage creation of a “safety circle” at the terminus of Oak Knoll Drive to highlight park use in center
111 1 4
Oak Knoll DrAdd native planting areas 1 1 1 1 15
Alameda de las Pulgas Add benches (Seating) 111 3
Alameda de las Pulgas Add Nature Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) 1 1 1 1 1 5 Alameda de las Pulgas Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
1 11 11 5
Alameda de las Pulgas Add looped walking path(s) 1 1 1 1 4 Alameda de las Pulgas Encourage creation of sidewalks along and connecting to park 1 1 1 1 4 Alameda de las Pulgas Add bike repair station 111 1 4
Alameda de las Pulgas Add fence or protective barrier between play element and road
111 1 4
Alameda de las Pulgas Add native planting areas 1 1 1 1 15

APPENDIX G
184 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
658
N/A Medium High SUM
0 3 5 5
Alexander Park redesign for proposed park amenities X5
Alexander Continue looped walking path around lawn X5
Alexander Provide ADA accessible path to existing and new amenities
X5
Alexander Increase visibility and celebrate the park by enhancing and upgrading the street entrance experience
(incorporating art, such as murals, along the entrance
access)
X3
Alexander Resurface and restripe Tennis Court to include Pickleball (completed Summer 2022)
X3
Alexander Repair/Replace BBQs X0
Alexander Add Bocce Ball Court X3
Alexander Replace an existing playground with an All-Abilities Playground
X5
Alexander Increase seating opportunities X5
Alexander Monitor Oak tree X5
Alexander Enhance existing plantings with native and droughttolerant speciesX5 Alexander Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 3 Alexander Expand tree canopy and shade with tree plantings (maintain central lawn without obstruction)
X5
Barrett Community Center Implement the recommendations from the Barrett Community Center Conceptual Design Report (2020)
X5
Barrett Community Center Add seating opportunities X5
Barrett Community Center Remove fitness equipment on-site to re-use at alternative park location
X0
Barrett Community Center Improve planting near entrance X3 Barrett Community Center Construct Multi-Use Athletic Field in Conceptual Design Report as synthetic turf
X0
Barrett Community Center Restructure parking size and configuration X 0 Barrett Community Center Add Dog Parklet X5
Barrett Community Center Add Pool (Water Play) X5
Barrett Community Center Add Spray Park (Water Play) X5 Barrett Community Center Relocate and upgrade Playground with inclusive, allabilities play X5
Barrett Community Center Construct new Community Center X5 Barrett Community Center Consider synthetic turf for Multi-use Athletic Field X 0 Barrett Community Center Relocate multi-use sports court X3 Park Park Element

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 185 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
659
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Barrett Community Center Add picnic area X5
Barrett Community Center Plant trees to increase shade X5 Belameda Add fitness equipment course along existing and extended walking path (Recreation Amenity)
X5
Belameda Create walking loop extension X5
Belameda Increase entrance and connection opportunities to create better park access
X5
Belameda Add Wi-Fi access to site X5
Belameda Create a Teen Outdoor Space to complement offerings at the Belmont Library
X5
Belameda Continue path to create a walking and learn-to-bike loop in land west of parking lot
X5
Belameda Increase seating opportunities X5
Belameda Consider inclusive, all-abilities play for playground X 5 Belameda Add native planting near entrance X5
Belameda Refresh planting around playground X5
Belameda Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 3 Belmont Sports Complex Add bike repair station X3
Belmont Sports Complex Create an accessible Social Gathering Space to promote social interactions
X5
Belmont Sports Complex Redevelop underutilized space with a Pump Track (Bike Park)
X5
Belmont Sports Complex Add a Fitness Equipment Course around North Field path X 5 Belmont Sports Complex Relocate picnic tables X0
Belmont Sports Complex Increase seating opportunities X5 Belmont Sports Complex Add native planting areas X5
Belmont Sports Complex Consider transitioning South Field and Marina Field to synthetic turf
X0
Belmont Sports Complex Add interpretive signage about marsh and bay ecology X 3 Cipriani Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
0 Cipriani Formalize dog park entrance from school’s parking lot X 3 Cipriani Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities
X5
Cipriani Rebuild entrance stairs, ramp, and pathway from Buena Vista Ave
X5

APPENDIX G
186 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
660
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Cipriani Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small X5
Cipriani Upgrade playground structure X5
Cipriani Redesign dog park area to better address community needs and surfacing best suited to use
X5
Cipriani Increase seating opportunities X5
Cipriani Consider additional amenities in partnership with adjacent school
X3
Cipriani Add trees around perimeter of fenced dog park area for shade
X5
Cipriani Evaluate multi-use flexible lawn for turf improvement X 0 College ViewAssess paved surface for access and repair/replace as needed
X5
College ViewConsider creating and interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between College View Park,
Semeria Park, and Patricia Wharton Park
X5
College ViewExplore opportunities to connect to the NDNU Campus X 3 College ViewContinue to refill wood chips in Playground area periodically
X0
College ViewReplace benches X3
College ViewAdd planted area near picnic area X5
College ViewPlant trees to increase shade X5
Davey GlenAdd signage for a walking loop within the park (depicted path on ramp, around lawn, and stairs is 0.1 mile)
X3
Davey GlenContinue to maintain the high-quality planting across the site
X3
Hallmark Create seating in shaded area (Multi-purpose Flexible Space)
X5
Hallmark Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
X3
Hallmark Evaluate paths’ accessibility and reconstruct as needed X 5 Hallmark Resurface and restripe Tennis Courts to include Pickleball (completed Spring 2022)
X3
Hallmark Update, expand, and consider relocating playground structure
X5
Hallmark Increase seating opportunities X5
Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 187 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
661
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Hallmark Plant trees to replace declining existing trees across the site (succession planting)
X5
Hallmark Plant trees to increase shade X5
Hallmark Consider adding native planting areas X5
Hastings Tot Lot Park redesign for proposed park amenities X 3 Hastings Tot Lot Add crosswalk for connectivity to park and adjacent trailhead
X5
Hastings Tot Lot Replenish playground fibar X3
Hastings Tot Lot Replace and consider reorienting benches for eyes on the playground and sunset view
X3
Hastings Tot Lot Replace wood stake fence X3
Hastings Tot Lot Create safety barrier between playground and adjacent Hasting Drive
X5
Hastings Tot Lot Update play structure X5
Hastings Tot Lot Create native planting area around playground X 5 Hastings Tot Lot Add interpretive signage to educate about native plants and open spaces
X3
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities (Seating) X5
Hidden Canyon Add Nature Play Element (Play Amenity) X5 Hidden Canyon Add a small and shaded Picnic Areas (Picnic Opportunity) X 5 Hidden Canyon Add an Outdoor Classroom (Multi-purpose Flexible Space)
X5
Hidden Canyon Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X5
Hidden Canyon Add ADA parking stall X5
Hidden Canyon Increase quantity of parking stalls to accommodate volume of visitors
X3
Hidden Canyon Add restroom with water fountain X 3
Hidden Canyon Add Open Space Gateway Element X 3
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities X5
Hidden Canyon Maintain native plantings X5
Hidden Canyon Remove non-native plants X3
Hidden Canyon Add shade (trees or shade structure) to seating areas X 5 McDougal Park Add All-Abilities Play Element (Play Amenity) X5 McDougal Park Utilize adjacent school for off-street parking during limited hours (Off-Street Parking)
X3
McDougal Park Add permanent restroom (Permanent Restroom) X 3 McDougal Park Whole park redesign for better accessibility and amenities proposed with a Park Design Plan
X3

APPENDIX G
188 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
662
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
McDougal Park Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities
X5
McDougal Park Explore adding stair, ramp preferred, access closer to Solana Dr
X5
McDougal Park Add an accessible Gathering Space to promote social interaction
X5
McDougal Park Replace storage containers X 0
McDougal Park Replace picnic tables X0
McDougal Park Replace benches X0
McDougal Park Increase seating opportunities X5
McDougal Park Evaluate condition of trees near entrance and remove or treat as needed
X3
McDougal Park Consider transitioning Multi-use Athletic Fields to synthetic turf
X0
McDougal Park Plant trees to increase shade 0
O'Donnell Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small X5
O'Donnell Replace BBQs X0
O'Donnell Refurbish the existing half basketball courts X 3 O'Donnell Add shade, tables, and outdoor games X5
O'Donnell Refresh planting areas with native plants X5
O'Donnell Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 3 Patricia Wharton Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed X 5 Patricia Wharton Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Patricia Wharton Park,
Semeria Park, and College View Park
X5
Patricia Wharton Replace seating X3
Patricia Wharton Add boulders or stumps as seating or play elements in center planter area
15 Patricia Wharton Add native planting to hillside 15
Patricia Wharton Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 3 Ralston RanchAdd benches (Seating) X5
Ralston RanchAdd Natural Play Element (Play Amenity) X5 Ralston RanchAdd individual Picnic Tables (Picnic Opportunity) X 5 Ralston RanchAdd small seating space (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) X 5 Ralston RanchAdd walking path (Recreation Amenity) X5
Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 189 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
663
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Ralston RanchWhole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X
Ralston RanchMonitor trees and replace as necessary X5
Ralston RanchAdd native planting areas X5
Ralston RanchUtilize trees as screening from Ralston Avenue and as wind protection
X3
Semeria Add fitness signage (Recreation Amenity) X5
Semeria Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Semeria Park, Patricia
Wharton Park, and College View Park
X5
Semeria Garbage receptable access from sidewalk X 0
Semeria Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 3 Twin Pines Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed X 5 Twin Pines Pave path to restroom X5
Twin Pines Implement Twin Pines Master Plan (2019) X5
Twin Pines Evaluate and repair picnic tables in poor condition X 3 Twin Pines Replace BBQs X0
Twin Pines Replace drinking fountain X 0
Twin Pines Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 3 Twin Pines Restructure arrival zone to strengthen visual and physical connections
X3
Twin Pines Prioritize pedestrian expereince in Town Square area X 0 Twin Pines Develop trail connections beyond park boundaries X 3 Twin Pines Add looped walking path(s) X5
Twin Pines Renovate and expand playground structure with inclusive, all-abilities play
X3
Twin Pines Add Water Play Element X3
Twin Pines Renovate Picnic Area X3
Twin Pines Add Bocce Ball Court X3
Twin Pines Add Teen Outdoor Space X5
Twin Pines Add Multi-use Lawn X3
Twin Pines Establish and improve visual and access connections to Belmont Creek
X5
Wakefield Create overlook opportunity (Identifiable Amenity) X 3

APPENDIX G
190 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
664
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Wakefield Improve existing walking path(s) X5
Wakefield Add benches X5
Wakefield Add entrance signage to increase park visibility X 3 Wakefield Plant trees to increase shade X5
Wakefield Add native planting areas X3
Wakefield Public Art opportunity X3
Central School Create looped walking path around lawn X5 Central School Rejuvenate outdoor classroom space X 3
Central School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X0
Fox School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X0
Nesbit School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X0
Ralston School Update exterior path at property line to better connect to ropes course south of the school if former ropes
course activated for other use
X5
Ralston School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X0
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create gateway planting as an entry for Belmont (Natural Environment)
1 3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add benches (Seating) 1 3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Skate Park (Identifiable Amenity) X 3 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities
15 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Dog Parklet X3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add placemaking space to host community gathering, event space, pop-up business space, etc.

X3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Install Public Art piece X3 Oak Knoll DrAdd benches (Seating) X5
Oak Knoll DrAdd Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) X5
Oak Knoll DrWhole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X5
Oak Knoll DrEncourage creation of a “safety circle” at the terminus of Oak Knoll Drive to highlight park use in center
X5
Oak Knoll DrAdd native planting areas X5
Alameda de las Pulgas Add benches (Seating) X5
Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 191 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
665
N/A Medium High SUM
Park Park Element 0 3 5 5

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - COMMUNITY POINTS
Alameda de las Pulgas Add Nature Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) X 3 Alameda de las Pulgas Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X0
Alameda de las Pulgas Add looped walking path(s) X5
Alameda de las Pulgas Encourage creation of sidewalks along and connecting to park
X5
Alameda de las Pulgas Add bike repair station X5
Alameda de las Pulgas Add fence or protective barrier between play element and road
X0
Alameda de las Pulgas Add native planting areas X5

APPENDIX G
192 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
666
Prioritization Matrix
CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 193
Demographic GroupUnderserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues 3 7 3 3 3 3
Alexander Park redesign for proposed park amenities X X X X 12 Alexander Continue looped walking path around lawn X 3
Alexander Provide ADA accessible path to existing and
new amenities
X X6
Alexander Increase visibility and celebrate the park by enhancing the entrance at the street and
upgrade the experience by incorporating art,
such as murals, along the entrance access
X X6
Alexander Resurface and restripe Tennis Court to include Pickleball (completed Summer 2022)
XXX 9
Alexander Repair/Replace BBQs X3
Alexander Add Bocce Ball Court XX 6
Alexander Replace an existing playground with an AllAbilities PlaygroundX X X X X 19 Alexander Increase seating opportunities X 3
Alexander Monitor Oak tree X3
Alexander Enhance existing plantings with native and
drought-tolerant species
X3
Alexander Maintain high-quality landscape condition
across the site
X3
Alexander Expand tree canopy and shade with tree
plantings (maintain central lawn without
obstruction)
X3
Barrett Community Center Implement the recommendations from the Barrett Community Center Conceptual Design
Report (2020)
XX 6
Barrett Community Center Add seating opportunities 0
Barrett Community Center Remove fitness equipment on-site to re-use at alternative park location
0 Barrett Community Center Improve planting near entrance 0 Barrett Community Center Construct Multi-Use Athletic Field in Conceptual Design Report as synthetic turf
X3
Park Park Element SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
DRAFT | Final February 2024
DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
667

APPENDIX G
194 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES Demographic Group Underserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
Barrett Community Center Restructure parking size and configuration 0 Barrett Community Center Add Dog Parklet XX 6
Barrett Community Center Add Pool (Water Play) X3
Barrett Community Center Add Spray Park (Water Play) X3 Barrett Community Center Relocate and upgrade Playground with inclusive, all-abilities play
X X X X 16
Barrett Community Center Construct new Community Center X X X 13 Barrett Community Center Consider synthetic turf for Multi-use Athletic Field
X3
Barrett Community Center Relocate multi-use sports court 0 Barrett Community Center Add picnic area 0
Barrett Community Center Plant trees to increase shade 0 Belameda Add fitness equipment course along existing
and extended walking path (Recreation
Amenity)
X3
Belameda Create walking loop extension 0
Belameda Increase entrance and connection
opportunities to create better park access
X3
Belameda Add Wi-Fi access to site X3
Belameda Create a Teen Outdoor Space to complement
offerings at the Belmont Library
XX 6
Belameda Continue path to create a walking and learn-tobike loop in land west of parking lotX3 Belameda Increase seating opportunities 0
Belameda Consider inclusive, all-abilities play for
playground
XX 6
Belameda Add native planting near entrance 0
Belameda Refresh planting around playground 0
Belameda Maintain high-quality landscape condition
across the site
0 Belmont Sports Complex Add bike repair station X3
Belmont Sports Complex Create an accessible Social Gathering Space to promote social interactions
0 DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
668
Prioritization Matrix
CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 195
Demographic GroupUnderserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
Belmont Sports Complex Redevelop underutilized space with a Pump Track (Bike Park)
XX 6
Belmont Sports Complex Add a Fitness Equipment Course around North Field path
X3
Belmont Sports Complex Relocate picnic tables 0
Belmont Sports Complex Increase seating opportunities 0 Belmont Sports Complex Add native planting areas 0
Belmont Sports Complex Consider transitioning South Field and Marina Field to synthetic turf
X3
Belmont Sports Complex Add interpretive signage about marsh and bay ecology
X3
Cipriani Whole park redesign for better accessibility
and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
0 Cipriani Formalize dog park entrance from school’s
parking lot
X3
Cipriani Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities
X3
Cipriani Rebuild entrance stairs and pathway from
Buena Vista Ave
X3
Cipriani Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small 0
Cipriani Upgrade playground structure 0
Cipriani Redesign dog park area to better address
community needs and surfacing best suited to
use
X X 10
Cipriani Increase seating opportunities 0
Cipriani Consider additional amenities in partnership
with adjacent school
0 Cipriani Add trees around perimeter of fenced dog park area for shade
0 Cipriani Evaluate multi-use flexible lawn for turf
improvement
0 College ViewAssess paved surface for access and
repair/replace as needed
0 DRAFT | Final February 2024
DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
669

APPENDIX G
196 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES Demographic Group Underserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
College ViewConsider creating and interconnected
pedestrian and bicycle priority route between
College View Park, Semeria Park, and Patricia
Wharton Park
X3
College ViewExplore opportunities to connect to the NDNU Campus
X3
College ViewContinue to refill wood chips in Playground area periodically
0 College ViewReplace benches 0
College ViewAdd planted area near picnic area 0
College ViewPlant trees to increase shade 0
Davey GlenAdd signage for a walking loop within the park (depicted path on ramp, around lawn, and
stairs is 0.1 mile)
X3
Davey GlenContinue to maintain the high-quality planting across the site
0 Hallmark Create seating in shaded area (Multi-purpose Flexible Space)
0 Hallmark Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
0 Hallmark Evaluate paths’ accessibility and reconstruct as needed
0 Hallmark Resurface and restripe Tennis Courts to include Pickleball
XX 6
Hallmark Update, expand, and consider relocating
playground structure
0 Hallmark Increase seating opportunities 0
Hallmark Plant trees to replace declining existing trees across the site (succession planting)
0 Hallmark Plant trees to increase shade 0
Hallmark Consider adding native planting areas 0
Hastings Tot Lot Park redesign for proposed park amenities X X 6 Hastings Tot Lot Add crosswalk for connectivity to park and adjacent trailhead
0 Hastings Tot Lot Replenish playground fibar 0
DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
670
Prioritization Matrix
CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 197
Demographic GroupUnderserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
Hastings Tot Lot Replace and consider reorienting benches for eyes on the playground and sunset view
X3
Hastings Tot Lot Replace wood stake fence 0
Hastings Tot Lot Create safety barrier between playground and adjacent Hasting Drive
X3
Hastings Tot Lot Update play structure 0
Hastings Tot Lot Create native planting area around playground 0 Hastings Tot Lot Add interpretive signage to educate about native plants and open spaces
X3
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities (Seating) X 3
Hidden Canyon Add Nature Play Element (Play Amenity) X 3 Hidden Canyon Add a small and shaded Picnic Area (Picnic Opportunity)
X3
Hidden Canyon Add an Outdoor Classroom (Multi-purpose
Flexible Space)
XX 6
Hidden Canyon Whole park design for amenities and
accessibility with a Park Design Plan
XX X 9
Hidden Canyon Add ADA parking stall X X6
Hidden Canyon Increase quantity of parking stalls to
accommodate volume of visitors
X3
Hidden Canyon Add restroom X3
Hidden Canyon Add Open Space Gateway Element X X X 9
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities X3
Hidden Canyon Maintain native plantings 0
Hidden Canyon Remove non-native plants 0
Hidden Canyon Add shade (trees or shade structure) to seating areas
X3
McDougal Park Add All-Abilites Play Element (Play Amenity) X X X X 16 McDougal Park Utilize adjacent school for off-street parking during limited hours (Off-Street Parking)
X3
McDougal Park Add permanent restroom (Permanent
Restroom)
XX 6
DRAFT | Final February 2024
DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
671

APPENDIX G
198 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES Demographic Group Underserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
McDougal Park Whole park redesign for better accessibility and amenities proposed with a Park Design
Plan
XX X 9
McDougal Park Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities
X X6
McDougal Park Explore adding stair, ramp preferred, access closer to Solana Dr
X3
McDougal Park Add an accessible Gathering Space to promote social interaction
X3
McDougal Park Replace storage containers 0
McDougal Park Replace picnic tables 0
McDougal Park Replace benches 0
McDougal Park Increase seating opportunities 0
McDougal Park Evaluate condition of trees near entrance and remove or treat as needed
0 McDougal Park Consider transitioning Multi-use Athletic Fields to synthetic turf
X3
McDougal Park Plant trees to increase shade 0
O'Donnell Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small X X X 9 O'Donnell Replace BBQs X3
O'Donnell Refurbish the existing half basketball courts X 3 O'Donnell Add shade, tables, and outdoor games X X 6
O'Donnell Refresh planting areas with native plants X 3 O'Donnell Maintain high-quality landscape condition
across the site
X3
Patricia Wharton Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed
0 Patricia Wharton Consider creating an interconnected
pedestrian and bicycle priority route between
Patricia Wharton Park, Semeria Park, and
College View Park
X3
Patricia Wharton Replace seating 0
Patricia Wharton Add boulders or stumps as seating or play elements in center planter area
X3
Patricia Wharton Add native planting to hillside 0
DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
672
Prioritization Matrix
CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 199
Demographic GroupUnderserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
Patricia Wharton Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site
0 Ralston RanchAdd benches (Seating) X X 10
Ralston RanchAdd Natural Play Element (Play Amenity) X X 10 Ralston RanchAdd individual Picnic Tables (Picnic
Opportunity)
X X 10
Ralston RanchAdd seating space (Multi-purpose Flexible
Space)
X X 10
Ralston RanchAdd walking path (Recreation Amenity) X X 10 Ralston RanchWhole park design for amenities and
accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X X X X 16
Ralston RanchMonitor trees and replace as necessary X 7 Ralston RanchAdd native planting areas X 7
Ralston RanchUtilize trees as screening from Ralston Avenue and as wind protection
X7
Semeria Add fitness signage (Recreation Amenity) X 3
Semeria Consider creating an interconnected
pedestrian and bicycle priority route between
Semeria Park, Patricia Wharton Park, and
College View Park
X3
Semeria Garbage receptable access from sidewalk 0
Semeria Maintain high-quality landscape condition
across the site
0 Twin Pines Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed
0 Twin Pines Pave path to restroom X3
Twin Pines Implement Twin Pines Master Plan (2019) X 3
Twin Pines Evaluate and repair picnic tables in poor
condition
0 Twin Pines Replace BBQs 0
Twin Pines Replace drinking fountain 0
Twin Pines Maintain high-quality landscape condition
across the site
0 Twin Pines Restructure arrival zone to strengthen visual and physical connections
X3
Twin Pines Prioritize pedestrian expereince in Town
Square area
X3
DRAFT | Final February 2024
DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
673

APPENDIX G
200 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES Demographic Group Underserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
Twin Pines Develop trail connections beyond park
boundaries
XX 6
Twin Pines Add looped walking path(s) X3
Twin Pines Renovate and expand playground structure
with inclusive, all-abilities play
X X X X 16
Twin Pines Add Water Play Element X3
Twin Pines Renovate Picnic Area 0
Twin Pines Add Bocce Ball Court X3
Twin Pines Add Teen Outdoor Space X X 6
Twin Pines Add Multi-use Lawn X3
Twin Pines Establish and improve visual and access
connections to Belmont Creek
XX 6
Wakefield Create overlook opportunity (Identifiable
Amenity)
X3
Wakefield Improve existing walking path(s) 0
Wakefield Add benches X3
Wakefield Add entrance signage to increase park visibility X X 6 Wakefield Plant trees to increase shade 0
Wakefield Add native planting areas 0
Wakefield Public Art opportunity X3
Central School Create looped walking path around lawn 0 Central School Rejuvenate outdoor classroom space X3
Central School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X3
Fox School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X3
Nesbit School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X3
Ralston School Update exterior path at property line to better connect to ropes course south of the school if
ropes course activated
0 DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
674
Prioritization Matrix
CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 201
Demographic GroupUnderserved Area of BelmontAnticipated Density IncreaseNew UseAvaialbility of Amenity/UseResolve Access Issues Park Park Element 3 7 3 3 3 3 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - DEFICIENCY POINTS
Ralston School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X3
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create gateway planting as an entry for Belmont (Natural Environment)
X X 10
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add benches (Seating) X X X 13 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Skate Park (Identifiable Amenity) X X X X X 19 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X X X X 16
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities
X X 10
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Dog Parklet X X X X 16
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add placemaking space to host community gathering, event space, pop-up business space,
etc.

X X X X 16
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Install Public Art piece X X X X 16 Oak Knoll DrAdd benches (Seating) X X 10
Oak Knoll DrAdd Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) X X 10 Oak Knoll DrWhole park design for amenities and
accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X X 10
Oak Knoll DrEncourage creation of a “safety circle” at the terminus of Oak Knoll Drive to highlight park
use in center
X X 10
Oak Knoll DrAdd native planting areas X 7
Alameda de las Pulgas Add benches (Seating) X X 10
Alameda de las Pulgas Add Nature Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) X X 10 Alameda de las Pulgas Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X X X 13
Alameda de las Pulgas Add looped walking path(s) X X 10 Alameda de las Pulgas Encourage creation of sidewalks along and connecting to park
X X 10
Alameda de las Pulgas Add bike repair station X X 10
Alameda de las Pulgas Add fence or protective barrier between play element and road
X7
Alameda de las Pulgas Add native planting areas X 7
DRAFT | Final February 2024
DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
675
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
0 0 1 2 5
Alexander Park redesign for proposed park amenities X 1 Alexander Continue looped walking path around lawn X 0
Alexander Provide ADA accessible path to existing and new amenities X 0 Alexander Increase visibility and celebrate the park by enhancing the entrance at the street and upgrade the experience by
incorporating art, such as murals, along the entrance access X0
Alexander Resurface and restripe Tennis Court to include Pickleball (completed Spring 2022)
X1
Alexander Repair/Replace BBQs X2
Alexander Add Bocce Ball Court X0
Alexander Replace an existing playground with an All-Abilities Playground X 0 Alexander Increase seating opportunities X 0
Alexander Monitor Oak tree X2
Alexander Enhance existing plantings with native and drought-tolerant species
X0
Alexander Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 0 Alexander Expand tree canopy and shade with tree plantings (maintain central lawn without obstruction)
X1
Barrett Community Center Implement the recommendations from the Barrett Community Center Conceptual Design Report (2020)
X0
Barrett Community Center Add seating opportunities X 0
Barrett Community Center Remove fitness equipment on-site to re-use at alternative park location
X0
Barrett Community Center Improve planting near entrance X2 Barrett Community Center Construct Multi-Use Athletic Field in Conceptual Design Report as synthetic turf
X1
Barrett Community Center Restructure parking size and configuration 0 Barrett Community Center Add Dog Parklet X0
Barrett Community Center Add Pool (Water Play) X0
Barrett Community Center Add Spray Park (Water Play) X 0 Barrett Community Center Relocate and upgrade Playground with inclusive, all-abilities play
X1
Barrett Community Center Construct new Community Center X 0 PARK Park Element SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS

APPENDIX G
202 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
676
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
Barrett Community Center Consider synthetic turf for Multi-use Athletic Field X 0 Barrett Community Center Relocate multi-use sports court X 0 Barrett Community Center Add picnic area X0
Barrett Community Center Plant trees to increase shade X0 Belameda Add fitness equipment course along existing and extended walking path (Recreation Amenity)
X0
Belameda Create walking loop extension X 0
Belameda Increase entrance and connection opportunities to create better park access
X1
Belameda Add Wi-Fi access to site X0
Belameda Create a Teen Outdoor Space to complement offerings at the Belmont Library
X0
Belameda Continue path to create a walking and learn-to-bike loop in land west of parking lot
X0
Belameda Increase seating opportunities X 0
Belameda Consider inclusive, all-abilities play for playground X 0 Belameda Add native planting near entrance X1
Belameda Refresh planting around playground X 1
Belameda Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 0 Belmont Sports Complex Add bike repair station X0
Belmont Sports Complex Create an accessible Social Gathering Space to promote social interactions
X0
Belmont Sports Complex Redevelop underutilized space with a Pump Track (Bike Park) X 0 Belmont Sports Complex Add a Fitness Equipment Course around North Field path X 0 Belmont Sports Complex Relocate picnic tables X1
Belmont Sports Complex Increase seating opportunities X 0 Belmont Sports Complex Add native planting areas X0
Belmont Sports Complex Consider transitioning South Field and Marina Field to synthetic turf
X0
Belmont Sports Complex Add interpretive signage about marsh and bay ecology X 0 Cipriani Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
X1
Cipriani Formalize dog park entrance from school’s parking lot X 1 Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 203 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
677
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
Cipriani Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities X 0 Cipriani Rebuild entrance stairs and pathway from Buena Vista Ave X 2 Cipriani Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small X 0
Cipriani Upgrade playground structure X1
Cipriani Redesign dog park area to better address community needs and surfacing best suited to use
X2
Cipriani Increase seating opportunities X 0
Cipriani Consider additional amenities in partnership with adjacent school
X0
Cipriani Add trees around perimeter of fenced dog park area for shade X 0 Cipriani Evaluate multi-use flexible lawn for turf improvement X 1 College View Assess paved surface for access and repair/replace as needed X 2 College View Consider creating and interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between College View Park, Semeria Park, and Patricia Wharton Park
X0
College View Explore opportunities to connect to the NDNU Campus X 0 College View Continue to refill wood chips in Playground area periodically X 1 College View Replace benches X2
College View Add planted area near picnic area X2
College View Plant trees to increase shade X1
Davey Glen Add signage for a walking loop within the park (depicted path on ramp, around lawn, and stairs is 0.1 mile)
X0
Davey Glen Continue to maintain the high-quality planting across the site X 0 Hallmark Create seating in shaded area (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) X 0 Hallmark Whole park redesign for better accessibility and space utilization with a Park Master Plan
X2
Hallmark Evaluate paths’ accessibility and reconstruct as needed X 2 Hallmark Resurface and restripe Tennis Courts to include Pickleball X 1

APPENDIX G
204 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
678
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
Hallmark Update, expand, and consider relocating playground structure X 1 Hallmark Increase seating opportunities X 0
Hallmark Plant trees to replace declining existing trees across the site (succession planting)
X1
Hallmark Plant trees to increase shade X1
Hallmark Consider adding native planting areas X 0
Hastings Tot LotPark redesign for proposed park amenities X 2 Hastings Tot LotAdd crosswalk for connectivity to park and adjacent trailhead X 0 Hastings Tot LotReplenish playground fibar X2
Hastings Tot LotReplace and consider reorienting benches for eyes on the playground and sunset view
X2
Hastings Tot LotReplace wood stake fence X5
Hastings Tot LotCreate safety barrier between playground and adjacent Hasting Drive
X0
Hastings Tot LotUpdate play structure X1
Hastings Tot LotCreate native planting area around playground X 0 Hastings Tot LotAdd interpretive signage to educate about native plants and open spaces
X0
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities (Seating) X 0
Hidden Canyon Add Nature Play Element (Play Amenity) X 0 Hidden Canyon Add a small and shaded Picnic Area (Picnic Opportunity) X 0 Hidden Canyon Add an Outdoor Classroom (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) X 0 Hidden Canyon Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X2
Hidden Canyon Add ADA parking stall X0
Hidden Canyon Increase quantity of parking stalls to accommodate volume of visitors
X1
Hidden Canyon Add restroom X0
Hidden Canyon Add Open Space Gateway Element X 0
Hidden Canyon Add seating opportunities X 0
Hidden Canyon Maintain native plantings X0
Hidden Canyon Remove non-native plants X0
Hidden Canyon Add shade (trees or shade structure) to seating areas X 0 McDougal Park Add All-Abilities Play Element (Play Amenity) X 0 Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 205 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
679
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
McDougal Park Utilize adjacent school for off-street parking during limited hours (Off-Street Parking)
X2
McDougal Park Add permanent restroom (Permanent Restroom) X 0 McDougal Park Whole park redesign for better accessibility and amenities proposed with a Park Design Plan
X2
McDougal Park Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities X 0 McDougal Park Explore adding stair, ramp preferred, access closer to Solana Dr X 0 McDougal Park Add an accessible Gathering Space to promote social interaction
X0
McDougal Park Replace storage containers X2
McDougal Park Replace picnic tables X2
McDougal Park Replace benches X2
McDougal Park Increase seating opportunities X 0
McDougal Park Evaluate condition of trees near entrance and remove or treat as needed
X2
McDougal Park Consider transitioning Multi-use Athletic Fields to synthetic turf X 1 McDougal Park Plant trees to increase shade X 0
O'Donnell Establish a Reservable Picnic Area, Small X 0 O'Donnell Replace BBQs X2
O'Donnell Refurbish the existing half basketball courts X 1 O'Donnell Add shade, tables, and outdoor games X 0
O'Donnell Refresh planting areas with native plants X 1 O'Donnell Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 0 Patricia WhartonEvaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed X 1 Patricia WhartonConsider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Patricia Wharton Park, Semeria Park, and College View Park
X0
Patricia WhartonReplace seating X2
Patricia WhartonAdd boulders or stumps as seating or play elements in center planter area
X0
Patricia WhartonAdd native planting to hillside X 0
Patricia WhartonMaintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 0

APPENDIX G
206 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
680
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
Ralston Ranch Add benches (Seating) X0
Ralston Ranch Add Natural Play Element (Play Amenity) X 0 Ralston Ranch Add individual Picnic Tables (Picnic Opportunity) X 0 Ralston Ranch Add seating space (Multi-purpose Flexible Space) X 0 Ralston Ranch Add walking path (Recreation Amenity) X 0 Ralston Ranch Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X0
Ralston Ranch Monitor trees and replace as necessary X 1 Ralston Ranch Add native planting areas X0
Ralston Ranch Utilize trees as screening from Ralston Avenue and as wind protection
X0
Semeria Add fitness signage (Recreation Amenity) X 0
Semeria Consider creating an interconnected pedestrian and bicycle priority route between Semeria Park, Patricia Wharton Park, and College View Park
X0
Semeria Garbage receptable access from sidewalk X 1
Semeria Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 0 Twin Pines Evaluate path’s accessibility and reconstruct as needed X 1 Twin Pines Pave path to restroom X2
Twin Pines Implement Twin Pines Master Plan (2019) X 1
Twin Pines Evaluate and repair picnic tables in poor condition X 2 Twin Pines Replace BBQs X2
Twin Pines Replace drinking fountain X2
Twin Pines Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site X 0 Twin Pines Restructure arrival zone to strengthen visual and physical connections
X2
Twin Pines Prioritize pedestrian expereince in Town Square area X 1 Twin Pines Develop trail connections beyond park boundaries X 2 Twin Pines Add looped walking path(s) X1
Twin Pines Renovate and expand playground structure with inclusive, allabilities playX1 Twin Pines Add Water Play Element X0
Twin Pines Renovate Picnic Area X1
Twin Pines Add Bocce Ball Court X0
Twin Pines Add Teen Outdoor Space X0
Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 207 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
681
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
Twin Pines Add Multi-use Lawn X0
Twin Pines Establish and improve visual and access connections to Belmont Creek
X2
Wakefield Create overlook opportunity (Identifiable Amenity) X 0 Wakefield Improve existing walking path(s) X2
Wakefield Add benches X0
Wakefield Add entrance signage to increase park visibility X 0 Wakefield Plant trees to increase shade X 0
Wakefield Add native planting areas X0
Wakefield Public Art opportunity X0
Central School Create looped walking path around lawn X 0 Central School Rejuvenate outdoor classroom space X 1
Central School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X1
Fox School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X1
Nesbit School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X1
Ralston School Update exterior path at property line to better connect to ropes course south of the school if ropes course activated X0
Ralston School Convert Multi-use Athletic Field to synthetic field to increase annual usable time
X1
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create gateway planting as an entry for Belmont (Natural Environment)
X0
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add benches (Seating) X0
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Skate Park (Identifiable Amenity) X 0 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X0
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Create ADA accessible path to all existing and new amenities X 0 Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add Dog Parklet X0
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Add placemaking space to host community gathering, event space, pop-up business space, etc.

X0
Ralston Ave + Old County Rd Install Public Art piece X0 Oak Knoll Dr Add benches (Seating) X0
Oak Knoll Dr Add Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) X 0

APPENDIX G
208 PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES DRAFT | Final February 2024

APPENDIX G DRAFT
682
New or N/A
GoodFairPoorCritical/Unsafe
PARK Park Element 0 0 1 2 5 SUM

PRIORITIZATION MATRIX - CONDITION POINTS
Oak Knoll Dr Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X0
Oak Knoll Dr Encourage creation of a “safety circle” at the terminus of Oak Knoll Drive to highlight park use in center
X0
Oak Knoll Dr Add native planting areas X0
Alameda de las Pulgas Add benches (Seating) X0
Alameda de las Pulgas Add Nature Play Element (Identifiable Amenity) X 0 Alameda de las Pulgas Whole park design for amenities and accessibility with a Park Design Plan
X0
Alameda de las Pulgas Add looped walking path(s) X 0
Alameda de las Pulgas Encourage creation of sidewalks along and connecting to park X 0 Alameda de las Pulgas Add bike repair station X0
Alameda de las Pulgas Add fence or protective barrier between play element and road X 0 Alameda de las Pulgas Add native planting areas X0
Prioritization Matrix
DRAFT | Final February 2024 CITY OF BELMONT | LET’S BUILD OUR BACKYARD 209 DRAFT Prioritization Matrix
683

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684
CITY OF BELMONT | PARKS | RECREATION | OPEN SPACE MASTER PLAN APPENDICES 211 Probable Costs

APPENDIX H
685
Belmont PROS Plan DRAFT 6/26/2022
Opinion of Probable
Construction Costs
Item Quantity Unit Unit Cost Subtotal
Park design plan (medium-sized park) 1 LS 150,000 $ $ 150,000 Site preparation 680 SF $ 5 $ 3,400
Concrete path (48" wide) 680 SF $ 25 $ 17,000
Site preparation 880 SF $ 5 $ 4,400
Concrete path (48" wide) 880 SF $ 25 $ 22,000
Artful park sign 1 EA 25,000 $ $ 25,000
Mural on fence 1 LS 15,000 $ $ 15,000
Demolish existing BBQ 1 LS $ 1,000 $ 1,000
BBQ 2 EA $ 2,500 $ 5,000
Site preparation 1,700 SF $ 15 $ 25,500
Bocce court 1 EA 200,000 $ $ 200,000
Demolish existing playground 1 LS 25,000 $ $ 25,000
All-abilities playground structure (medium) 1 LS 750,000 $ $ 750,000 Playground safety surfacing 2,125 SF $ 45 $ 95,625
Site preparation 25 SF $ 5 $ 125
Bench 1 EA $ 3,500 $ 3,500
Concrete pad 25 SF $ 25 $ 625
Arborist visit (park site, annually)
Native planting 100 SF $ 15 $ 1,500
Tree (24" box) 1 EA $ 650 $ 650

ALEXANDER PARK
Current project, probable cost not included
Maintenance effort, probable cost not included

7. Replace an existing playground with an All-Abilities Playground

2. Provide ADA accessible path to existing and new amenities

5. Repair/Replace BBQs
-. Maintain high-quality landscape condition across the site -. Increase seating opportunities (price per bench)

1. Continue looped walking path around lawn
-. Enhance existing plantings with native and drought-tolerant species (price per 100 SF)

8. Monitor Oak tree
Conducted by City arborist
-. Park redesign for proposed park amenities
-. Expand tree canopy and shade with tree plantings (maintain central lawn without obstruction) (price per tree)

3. Increase visibility and celebrate the park by enhancing the entrance at the street and upgrade the experience by incorporating art, such as murals, along the entrance access

4. Resurface and restripe Tennis Court to include Pickleball (completed Summer 2022)

6. Add Bocce Ball Court