Table 3 summarizes the parking requirements for the proposed Project based on the City of Cerritos Municipal Code. As shown at the bottom of Table 3, application of the above-referenced parking code ratios to the development description results in a City code-parking requirement of 61 spaces. With a proposed parking supply of 66 spaces, a theoretical parking sui:plus of five (5) parking spaces is forecast.
Parking Requirements Per Other Resources
Notwithstanding the requirements of City Code, the actual parking demand requirements for warehousing uses have been found to be less than the City's own Code requirement. This aspect is illustrated by application of other parking demand ratios contained in the 1TB Parking Generation, yh Edition publication.
Table 4 presents a summary of the project's warehouse parking requirements based on application of the aforementioned other source. Column one (I) presents the parking reference and column two (2) presents the recommended parking demand ratio. Column three (3) presents the project's development tabulation (i.e. the number of units) and column four (4) presents the project's industrial parking requirement.
Column five (5) indicates the proposed industrial parking supply (reserved and guests) and column six (6) indicates the project's industrial parking surplus or deficiency.
Review of the first row of Table 4 indicates that application of the average peak parking ratio [0.39 spaces/1,000 SF GPA (weekday)] for ITE Land Use 150:
Warehousing, contained within ITE Parking Generation, 5th Edition results in a parking requirement of 30 spaces. With an industrial parking supply of 66 spaces, the proposed Project would have a surplus of 36 spaces.
As a result, more than adequate parking will be provided for the proposed warehousing Project.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the aforementioned net trip generation forecast of the proposed 75,514 SF warehouse building, which is 43 net daily PCE trips, with 19 net PCE trips (12 inbound, 7 outbound) produced in the AM peak hour and 25 net PCE trips (10 inbound, IS outbound) produced in the PM peak hour on a "typical"' weekday, we conclude that the proposed Project will not adversely impact the swrounding transportation system based on the "110 daily trip" threshold. Therefore, using the Los N:\4~24S5'-17'!00l'naodcr .1..... w ........... CffliWllt,pan\45$8 . 17600 Crusader Awnuo w.,..,._ Trtfllc .t \IMT'liopottMdPadrina -Letnr R!Pcxt·C......._Ol-t$-.tt.doc>t
-LINSCOTT
' LAVI &
~GREENSPAN ~ r engin e ers
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142
Ms. Sandy Cisneros
August 15, 2022
Page6
Angeles County Public Works Transportation Impact Analysis Guidelines "110 daily trip" threshold, the Project would not require any specific intersection analysis.
In addition, given that the proposed 75,514 SF warehouse building Project is a nonretail development project that does not generate a net increase of 110 or more daily vehicle trips, this project could be screened from a VMT analysis and could be presumed a less than significant impact on VMT, per the Los Angeles County Public Works Transportation Impact Analysis Guide/;nes.
Lastly, based on application of City Parking Code ratios and ITE Parking Generation recommendations, more than adequate parking will be provided by the proposed Project.
* * * * * * *
We appreciate the opportunity to provide this Traffic Impact, VMT Impact, and Parking Assessment. Should you need further assistance, or have any questions regarding this analysis, please call us at (949) 825-6175.
Very truly yours,
Linscott, Law & Greenspan, Engineers
p~
Keil D. Maberry, P.E.
Principal
Attachments
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17900 CR\JSAOER AVENUE WAREHOUSE. CERRITOS
144
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146
TABLE1
PROJECT TRIP GENERATION FORECAST1
17600 CRUSADER AVENUE WAREHOUSE, CERRITOS
ITE Land Use Code/ Dally AM Peak Hour
Project Description 2-Way Enter Exit Total
Trip Generation Fgdors: ■ 11 O: Light Industrial {TE/TSF) 4.87 0.651 0.089 0.740 • 150: Warehousing (TEffSF) 2 2.10 0.339 0.101 0.440
a Passenger Cars- 80.3% of Daily (TF/TSF) 1.686 0.272 0.081 0.353 □ 2-Axle Trucks- 5.2% Daily (TEffSF) 0.109 0.018 0.005 0.023 Q 3-Axle Trucks- 4.5% Daily (TE/TSF) 0.095 0.015 0.005 0.020 □ 4+ Axle Trucks - 10.0% Daily (TE/fSF) 0.210 0.034 0.010 0.044 Existinf/E11titled., Trip Ge11eration Forr.cast:
110: Light Industrial Building (32,000 SF) [A] 156 21 3 24 l,011.osed Proiect Trl11. Geae,ration FQt.ecast:
ISO: Warehouse Building (75,514 SF) □ Passenger Cars 125 20 1 27 Q 2-Axle Trucks 8 l 0 1
a 3-Axle Trucks 7 1 0 1
Q 4+ Axle Trucks 1§. 1 l ~ Wareltouse Gross Trio Generation Forecast 156 25 8 33 PCE3 Pro[ect Tri{!_ Ge11er11t/on Forecast:
150: Warehouse Building (75,514 SF)
Q Passenger Cars 125 20 7 27 □ 2-Axle Trucks 12 2 0 2 □ 3-Axle Trucks 14 2 0 2 a 4+ Axle Trucks 48 .2 l ll
PCE Warel1011se Trip Generatio11 Forecast /BJ 199 33 JO 43 Net Projed 7)-lp Generation ForecasJ [BJ-[AJ 43 12 7 19 ~
• TE/TSF = Trip End per 1,000 Square Feet of Gross Floor Area PM Peak Hour
Enter Exit Total
0.091 0.559 0.650
0.134 0.346 0.480
0.108 0.277 0.385
0.007 0.018 0.025
0.006 0.016 0.022
0.013 0.035 0.048
3 18 21
8 21 29
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8 21 29
2 I 3
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Source: Trip xates based on Trip Generation, llth Edftfon, Inst/II/le of Tnmsportatkm Engineers (/TE), Waslrl1,gto1~ D.C. (2021).
Recommended mix of traffic, including mix of 2-axle, 3-axle and 4+sxle trucks, based on Trod Trip Genuatia,1 Study - City of Fo111ana.
A11g1rsl 2063 average rate used.
BllllCd on TIE Warehouse land use Code 150 trip generation equation:
• Dally: T a 1.S8(8) + 38.29
• AM peak hour. T - 0.12(8) + 23.62
• PMpcakhour. T a 0.12(S)+26.48
All 2-axle, 3-axle and 4+axles lnlcks converted to passenger car equivalents using a factor of 1.S vehicles per truck, 2.0 vehicles per truck, and 3.0 vehicles per truck, respectively.
147
TABLE2
WEEKEND PROJECT TRIP GENERATION FORECAST1
17600 CRUSADER AVENUE WAREHOUSE, CERRITOS
ITE Land Use Code/ Daily Saturday Midday Peak Hour
Project Description 2-Way Enter Exit Total
Trip Generation Factors:
• 1 JO: Light Industrial (TFJTSF)2 0.690 0.100 0.030 0.130 • 150: Warehousing (TE/TSF) 0.1S0 0.032 0.018 0.050 □ Passenger Cars - 80.3% of Daily (TE/I'SF) 0.120 0.026 0.014 0.040 □ 2-Axle Trucks - 5.2% Daily (TE/TSF) 0.008 0.002 0.001 0.003 □ 3-Axle Tmcks -- 4.5% Daily (TFffSF) 0.007 0.001 0.001 0.002 0 4+ Axle Trucks - 10.0% Daily (TE/l'SF) O.OlS 0.003 0.002 0.005 Exlsti1~/Entitled Tri11. Generation Forecast:
110: Light Industrial Building (32,000 SF) (A] 22 3 l 4 Proll!J.sed Pro~l Trle Generation Forecast:
150: Warehouse Buildlni: (75,514 SF) □ Passenger Cars 8 3 1 4 □ 2-Axle Trucks 1 0 0 0 a 3-Axle Trucks l 0 0 0 □ 4+ Axle Trucks 1 Q Q Q
Warehouse Gross Trip Generation Forecast 11 3 1 ,,
PC6.,3 Projt,ct Tri12. Ge11eralion Forecast:
150: Warehouse Building (75,514 SF)
0 Passenger Cars 8 3 l 4 □ 2-Axle Trucks 2 0 0 0 □ 3-Axle Trucks 2 0 0 0 □ 4+ Axle Trucks .3. Q Q Q PCE Warel,ouse Trip Ge11eration Forecast /BJ JS 3 I 4
Net ]!ro)ect •Trip Gl!l1tration Forecast [BJ~ {A] -7 0 0 0 Notes:
• TE/TSF = Trip End per 1,000 Square Feet of Gross Floor Area So-c: Trip rates based on Trip Ge1ttro1ion. I/1/1 Edflio,~ lnslftu1, of Traruportation Engi11t,rs (ffE}, Was1,ington, D.C. (2011).
Recommended mix of traffic, including mix of2-axlc, 3-axle and .++axle ~la, based on 1ruck Trip Generarfo11 S111dy- City of FontaltQ, A ugusl 2003 average rate used.
Sa!Wday midday peak hour !&le !)Med on ratio between weekday AM peak hour of genooitor rate mid weekday Daily rate All 2-ie, 3-axlc and 4-taxles trucks converted to passenger car equivalents using a factor of I.S vehicles per lluclc. 2.0 vehicles per lruclc, and 3.0 vehicles per truck, respectively.
148
TABLE3
CrrYCODE PARKING REQUIREMENT1
17600 CRUSADER AVENUE WAREHOUSE, CERRITOS
City of Indio
Description Size Prior Code Parking Ratio
lt2J!OSed P[!ject {2§s§l4 SF)
1 space for each 1,000 square feet of
gross floor area for the first 20,000
square feet, 1 space for each 2,000
square feet of gross floor area for the
second 20,000 square feet, l space for
• Warehouse 69,514 SF each 4,000 square feet of gross floor area in excess of the first 40,000 square
feet of gross floor area. plus 1 space for
each vehicle operated on or from the
property. The size of the space to be in
accord with the size of the vehicle.
• Office 6,000 SF 1 space for each 250 square feet of gross floor area Total Parking Required
Total Parking Supply
Parking Surplus/Deficiency(+/-)
LINSCOTT
- LAW &
GREENSPAN
: engineers , ~--
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61 66
+5
Source: Cir, ofCerrlJos Mw1ic/pQI Code-Clra~r 22.74: Ojf-Slnet Parking: Section 22.74.51JO J.lni11111111 parking :pace requfrenm/1.
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TABU:4
WAREHOUSE PARKING REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY PER OTHER RESOURCES 17600 CRUSADER AVENUE WAREHOUSE, CERRITOS
(3) (4)
(2) Project Projed
Parking D~mand ludo Dacrlp11on Parkinzluqllin:ment
ITE Pat~ing Goneralion S'° Edition (!TE Lt.nd 0.39 5f18CCS per 1,000 SF OFA 7S,SJ4 SF 30 -11)8Ces Use ISO: Warehousing) (Avonge) (:1) (6)
Perking Surplua/
Suppl;y D~licieacy (+/-)
66spac:es +36spaces
150
N OISE IMPACT ANALYSIS
17600 CRUSADER AVENUE WAREHOUSE PROJECT
CITY OF CERRITOS
Lead Agency:
City of Cerritos
Department of Community Development
18125 Bloomfield Avenue
Cerritos, CA 90703
Prepared by:
Vista Environmental
1021 Didrickson Way
Laguna Beach, CA 92651
949 510 5355
Greg Tonkovich, INCE
Project No. 22043
December 5, 2022
EXHIBIT 15
Noise Impact Analysis - 2022
Development Map Amendment 2026-2
Conditional Use Permit 2026-2
151
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives ................................................................................. 1
1.2 Site Location and Study Area ..................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Proposed Project Description .................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Standard Noise Regulatory Conditions ...................................................................................... 1
1.5 Summary of Analysis Results ..................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Mitigation Measures for the Proposed Project ......................................................................... 2
2.0 Noise Fundamentals ................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Noise Descriptors ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Tone Noise ................................................................................................................................. S 2.3 Noise Propagation ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Ground Absorption .................................................................................................................... 6
3.0 Ground-Borne Vibration Fundamentals ................................................................................... 7
3.1 Vibration Descriptors ................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Vibration Perception .................................................................................................................. 7 3.3 Vibration Propagation ................................................................................................................ 7
4.0 Regulatory Setting ................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Federal Regulations ................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 State Regulations ....................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Local Regulations ..................................................................................................................... 10
5.0 Existing Noise Conditions ....................................................................................................... 13
5.1 Noise Measurement Equipment .............................................................................................. 13
5.2 Noise Measurement Results .................................................................................................... 13
6.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions ................................................................................. 17
6.1 Construction Noise ................................................................................................................... 17
6.2 Vibration .................................................................................................................................. 18
7.0 Impact Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 20
7.1 CEQA Thresholds of Significance .............................................................................................. 20
7.2 Generation of Noise Levels in Excess of Standards ................................................................. 20
7.3 Generation of Excessive Groundborne Vibration .................................................................... 23 7 .4 Aircraft Noise ........................................................................................................................... 24
8.0 References ............................................................................................................................. 25 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Pagei
152
TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
APPENDICES
Appendix A - Field Noise Measurements Photo Index Appendix B - Field Noise Measurements Printouts Appendix C- RCNM Model Construction Noise Calculations
Appendix D - Operational Reference Noise Measurements Printouts
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-Project Location Map ................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 2 - Proposed Site Plan ....................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3 - Field Noise Monitoring Locations .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 4 - Field Noise Measurements Graph .............................................................................................. 16
LIST OF TABLES
Table A - FTA Construction Noise Criteria .................................................................................................... 9 Table B - Existing (Ambient) Noise Measurement Results ......................................................................... 14 Table C - Construction Equipment Noise Emissions and Usage Factors .................................................... 17 Table D - Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment.. ............................................................... 18 Table E - Construction Noise Levels at the Nearby Sensitive Receptors .................................................... 21 Table F - Operational Noise Levels at the Nearby Sensitive Receptors ..................................................... 22 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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153
ANSI
Caltrans
CEQA City CNEl
dB
dBA
DOT
FHWA
FTA
EPA
Hz
ldn
leq
lmax
ONAC
OSB OSHA
PPV
RMS
SEL STC
UMTA
VdB
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
American National Standards Institute
California Department of Transportation
California Environmental Quality Act City of Cerritos
Community Noise Equivalent level
Decibel
A-weighted decibels
Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Federal Transit Administration
Environmental Protection Agency Hertz
Day-night average noise level
Equivalent sound level
Maximum noise level
Federal Office of Noise Abatement and Control
Oriented Strand Board
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Peak particle velocity Root mean square
Single Event level or Sound Exposure level
Sound Transmission Class
Federal Urban Mass Transit Administration
Vibration velocity level in decibels
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Page iii
154
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives
This Noise Impact Analysis has been prepared to determine the noise impacts associated with the proposed 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project (proposed project). The following is provided in this report:
• A description of the study area and the proposed project; • Information regarding the fundamentals of noise;
• Information regarding the fundamentals of vibration;
• A description of the local noise guidelines and standards; • An evaluation of the current noise environment;
• An analysis of the potential short-term construction-related noise and vibration impacts from the proposed project; and,
• An analysis of long-term operations-related noise and vibration impacts from the proposed project.
1.2 Site Location and Study Area
The project site is located at 17600 Crusader Avenue in the City of Cerritos (City). There is an existing industrial building located on the project site. The approximately 3.93-acre project site is bounded an abandoned railroad right-of-way and Artesia Boulevard to the north, Interstate 605 to the east, industrial uses to the south, and Valley Christian High School to the west. The project study area is shown in Figu re
1. Sensitive Receptors in Project Vicinity
The nearest sensitive receptor to the project site is Valley Christian High School that is located adjacent to the west side of the project site and where the nearest classrooms are located as near as 80 feet to the west of the project site.
1.3 Proposed Project Description
The proposed project consists of the demolition of the existing industrial building and construct a 75,514 square foot warehouse building, which includes 6,000 square feet of office area and ten (10) truck loading dock bays. The warehouse is proposed to be a total of 35.5 feet high, which includes a 2.5 high parapet wall above the roof. The proposed project would include 66 automobile parking spaces located in two parking areas on the north and south sides of the project site. The proposed site plan includes an 8-foot high concrete tilt-up screen wall along the shared property line with Valley Christian High School. The proposed site plan is shown in Figure 2.
1.4 Standard Noise Regulatory Conditions
The proposed project will be required to comply with the following regulatory conditions from the City of Cerritos and State of California.
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Pagel
155
City of Cerritos Noise and Vibration Regulations
The following lists the noise and vibration regulations from the Municipal Code that are applicable, but not limited to the proposed project.
• Section 22.80.460: Vibration Standards
• Section 22.80.480(1): General Noise Standards
• Section 22.80.480(5): Construction Noise Exemptions
State of California Noise Regulations
The following lists the State of California noise regulations that are applicable, but not limited to the proposed project.
• California Vehicle Code Section 2700-27207 - On Road Vehicle Noise Limits • California Vehicle Code Section 38365-38350 - Off-Road Vehicle Noise Limits
1.5 Summary of Analysis Results
The following is a summary of the proposed project's impacts with regard to the State CEQA Guidelines noise checklist questions.
Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Less than significant impact.
Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Less than significant impact.
For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? Less than significant impact.
1.6 Mitigation Measures for the Proposed Project
This analysis found that through adherence to the noise and vibration regulations detailed in Section 1.4 above were adequate to limit all noise and vibration impacts to less than significant levels. No mitigation measures are required for the proposed project with respect to noise and vibration impacts. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Page2
156
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2.0 • NOISE FUNDAMENTALS
Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Sound becomes unwanted when it interferes with normal activities, when it causes actual physical harm or when it has adverse effects on health. Sound is produced by the vibration of sound pressure waves in the air. Sound pressure levels are used to measure the intensity of sound and are described in terms of decibels. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit which expresses the ratio of the sound pressure level being measured to a standard reference level. A-weighted decibels (dBA) approximate the subjective response of the human ear to a broad frequency noise source by discriminating against very low and very high frequencies of the audible spectrum. They are adjusted to reflect only those frequencies which are audible to the human ear.
2.1 Noise Descriptors
Noise Equivalent sound levels are not measured directly, but are calculated from sound pressure levels typically measured in A-weighted decibels (dBA). The equivalent sound level (Leq) represents a steady state sound level containing the same total energy as a time varying signal over a given sample period.
The peak traffic hour Leq is the noise metric used by California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for all traffic noise impact analyses.
The Day-Night Average Level (Ldn) is the weighted average of the intensity of a sound, with corrections for time of day, and averaged over 24 hours. The time of day corrections require the addition of ten decibels to sound levels at night between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) is similar to the Ldn, except that it has an added 4. 77 decibels to sound levels during the evening hours between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. These additions are made to the sound levels at these time periods because during the evening and nighttime hours, when compared to daytime hours, there is a decrease in the ambient noise levels, which creates an increased sensitivity to sounds. For this reason the sound appears louder in the evening and nighttime hours and is weighted accordingly. The City of Cerritos relies on the CNEL noise standard to assess transportation-related impacts on noise sensitive land uses.
2.2 Tone Noise
A pure tone noise is a noise produced at a single frequency and laboratory tests have shown that humans are more perceptible to changes in noise levels of a pure tone. For a noise source to contain a " pure tone," there must be a significantly higher A-weighted sound energy in a given frequency band than in the neighboring bands, thereby causing the noise source to "stand out" against other noise sources. A pure tone occurs if the sound pressure level in the one-third octave band with the tone exceeds the average of the sound pressure levels of the two contiguous one-third octave bands by:
• 5 dB for center frequencies of 500 hertz (H z) and above • 8 dB for center frequencies between 160 and 400 Hz
• 15 dB for center frequencies of 125 Hz or less
2.3 Noise Propagation
From the noise source to the receiver, noise changes both in level and frequency spectrum. The most obvious is the decrease in noise as the distance from the source increases. The manner in which noise reduces with distance depends on whet her the source is a point or line source as well as ground absorption, atmospheric effects and refraction, and shielding by natural and manmade features. Sou nd from point sources, such as air conditioning condensers, radiate uniformly outward as it travels away from 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Proj ect, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Pages
159
the source in a spherical pattern. The noise drop-off rate associated with this geometric spreading is 6 dBA per each doubling of the distance (dBA/DD). Transportation noise sources such as roadways are typically analyzed as line sources, since at any given moment the receiver may be impacted by noise from multiple vehicles at various locations along the roadway. Because of the geometry of a line source, the noise drop-off rate associated with the geometric spreading of a line source is 3 dBA/DD.
2.4 Ground Absorption
The sound drop-off rate is highly dependent on the conditions of the land between the noise source and receiver. To account for this ground-effect attenuation (absorption), two types of site conditions are commonly used in traffic noise models, soft-site and hard-site conditions. Soft-site conditions account for the sound propagation loss over natural surfaces such as normal earth and ground vegetation. For point sources, a drop-off rate of 7.5 dBA/DD is typically observed over soft ground with landscaping, as compared with a 6.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate over hard ground such as asphalt, concrete, stone and very hard packed earth. For line sources a 4.5 dBA/DD is typically observed for soft-site conditions compared to the 3.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate for hard-site conditions. Caltrans research has shown that the use of softsite conditions is more appropriate for the application of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) traffic noise prediction model used in this analysis as most ground surfaces between the source and receptor will provide some noise absorption.
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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160
3.0 GROUND-BORNE VIBRATION FUNDAMENTALS
Ground-borne vibrations consist of rapidly fluctuating motions within the ground that have an average motion of zero. The effects of ground-borne vibrations typically only cause a nuisance to people, but at extreme vibration levels damage to buildings may occur. Although ground-borne vibration can be felt outdoors, it is typically only an annoyance to people indoors where the associated effects of the shaking of a building can be notable. Ground-borne noise is an effect of ground-borne vibration and only exists indoors, since it is produced from noise radiated from the motion of the walls and floors of a room and may also consist of the rattling of windows or dishes on shelves.
3.1 Vibration Descriptors
There are several different methods that are used to quantify vibration amplitude such as the maximum instantaneous peak in the vibrations velocity, which is known as the peak particle velocity (PPV) or the root mean square (rms) amplitude of the vibration velocity. Due to the typically small amplitudes of vibrations, vibration velocity is often expressed in decibels and is denoted as (Lv) and is based on the rms velocity amplitude. A commonly used abbreviation is vibration decibels (VdB), which in this text, is when Lv is based on the reference quantity of 1 micro inch per second.
3.2 Vibration Perception
Typically, developed areas are continuously affected by vibration velocities of 50 VdB or lower. These continuous vibrations are not noticeable to humans whose threshold of perception is around 65 VdB. Offsite sources that may produce perceptible vibrations are usually caused by construction equipment, steelwheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads, while smooth roads rarely produce perceptible ground-borne noise or vibration.
3.3 Vibration Propagation
The propagation of ground-borne vibration is not as simple to model as airborne noise. This is due to the fact that noise in the air travels through a relatively uniform median, while ground-borne vibrations travel through the earth which may contain significant geological differences. There are three main types of vibration propagation; surface, compression, and shear waves. Surface waves, or Rayleigh waves, travel along the ground's surface. These waves carry most of their energy along an expanding circular wave front, similar to ripples produced by throwing a rock into a pool of water. P-waves, or compression waves, are body waves that carry their energy along an expanding spherical wave front. The particle motion in these waves is longitudinal (i.e., in a "push-pull" fashion). P-waves are analogous to airborne sound waves. S-waves, or shear waves, are also body waves that carry energy along an expanding spherical wave front. However, unlike P-waves, the particle motion is transverse or "side-to-side and perpendicular to the direction of propagation."
As vibration waves propagate from a source, the vibration energy decreases in a logarithmic nature and the vibration levels typically decrease by 6 VdB per doubling of the distance from the vibration sou rce. As stated above, this drop-off rate can vary greatly depending on the soil but has been shown to be effective enough for screening purposes, in order to identify potential vibration impacts that may need to be studied through actual field tests.
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4.0 REGULATORY SETTING
The project site is located in the City of Cerritos. Noise regulations are addressed through the efforts of various federal, state, and local government agencies. The agencies responsible for regulating noise are discussed below.
4.1 Federal Regulations
The adverse impact of noise was officially recognized by the federal government in the Noise Control Act of 1972, which serves three purposes:
• Promulgating noise emission standards for interstate commerce • Assisting state and local abatement efforts
• Promoting noise education and research
The Federal Office of Noise Abatement and Control (ONAC) was initially tasked with implementing the Noise Control Act. However, the ONAC has since been eliminated, leaving the development of federal noise policies and programs to other federal agencies and interagency committees. For example, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) agency prohibits exposure of workers to excessive sound levels. The Department of Transportation (DOT) assumed a significant role in noise control through its various operating agencies. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates noise of aircraft and airports. Surface transportation system noise is regulated by a host of agencies, including the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Transit noise is regulated by the federal Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA), while freeways that are part of the interstate highway system are regulated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Finally, the federal government actively advocates that local jurisdictions use their land use regulatory authority to arrange new development in such a way that "noise sensitive" uses are either prohibited from being sited adjacent to a highway or, alternately t hat the developments are planned and constructed in such a manner that potential noise impacts are minimized.
Although the proposed project is not under the jurisdiction of the FT A, the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA Manual), prepared by the FTA, September 2018, is the only guidance document from a government agency that has defined what constitutes a significant construction noise impact. The FTA recommends developing construction noise criteria on a project-specific basis that utilizes local noise ordinances if possible. However, local noise ordinances usually relates to nuisance and hours of allowed activity and sometimes specify limits in terms of maximum levels, but are generally not practical for assessing the noise impacts of a construction project. Project construction noise criteria should take into account the existing noise environment, the absolute noise levels during construction activities, the duration of the construction, and the adjacent land uses. The FTA standards are based on extensive studies by the FTA and other governmental agencies on the human effects and reaction to noise and a summary of the FTA findings for a detailed construction noise assessment are provided below in Table A.
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Table A- FTA Construction Noise Criteria
Land Use Day (dBA Leq(8-hour)) Night (dBA Leq(a-hourJ) 30-day Average (dBA Ldn) Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Notes:
80 85
90 (l) Use a 24-hour Leq (24hou,) instead of Ldn (JO day)• Source: Federal Transit Administration, 2018.
70 75
85 8Q(l) 90 35ll)
Since the federal government has preempted the setting of standards for noise levels that can be emitted by transportation sources, the City is restricted to regulating noise generated by the transportation system through nuisance abatement ordinances and land use planning.
4.2 State Regulations
Noise Standards
California Department of Health Services Office of Noise Control Established in 1973, the California Department of Health Services Office of Noise Control (ONC) was instrumental in developing regularity tools to control and abate noise for use by local agencies. One significant model is the "Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Environments Matrix," which allows the local jurisdiction to clearly delineate compatibility of sensitive uses with various incremental levels of noise.
California Noise Insulation Standards
Title 24, Chapter 1, Article 4 of the California Administrative Code (California Noise Insulation Standards) requires noise insulation in new hotels, motels, apartment houses, and dwellings (other than single-family detached housing) that provides an annual average noise level of no more than 45 dBA CNEL. When such structures are located within a 60-dBA CNEL (or greater) noise contour, an acoustical analysis is required to ensure that interior levels do not exceed the 45-dBA CNEL annual threshold. In addition, Title 21, Chapter 6, Article 1 of the California Administrative Code requires that all habitable rooms, hospitals, convalescent homes, and places of worship shall have an interior CNEL of 45 dB or less due to aircraft noise.
Government Code Section 65302
Government Code Section 65302 mandates that the legislative body of each county and city in California adopt a noise element as part of its comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize the land use compatibility guidelines published by the State Department of Health Services. The guidelines rank noise land use compatibility in terms of normally acceptable, conditionally acceptable, normally unacceptable, and clearly unacceptable.
Vibration Standards
Title 14 of the California Administrative Code Section 15000 requires that all state and local agencies implement the California Environmental Quality Act {CEQA) Guidelines, which requires the analysis of 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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exposure of persons to excessive ground borne vibration. However, no statute has been adopted by the state that quantifies the level at which excessive groundborne vibration occurs.
Caltrans prepared the Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020. The Manual provides practical guidance to Caltrans engineers, planners, and consultants who must address vibration issues associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of Caltrans projects.
However, this Manual is also used as a reference point by many lead agencies and CEQA practitioners throughout California, as it provides numeric thresholds for vibration impacts. Thresholds are established for continuous (construction-related) and transient {transportation-related) sources of vibration, which found that the human response becomes distinctly perceptible at 0.25 inch per second PPV for transient sources and 0.04 inch per second PPV for continuous sources. The Manual also found that vibration may potentially damage industrial buildings at 2.0 inch per second PPV and older residential structures at 0.5 inch per second PPV.
4.3 local Regulations
The City of Cerritos General Plan, adopted January 2004 and the Cerritos Municipal Code, December 9, 2021 establishes the following applicable policies related to noise and vibration.
City of Cerritos General Plan
The following lists the applicable goals and policies for the proposed project from the City of Cerritos General Plan Noise Element.
Goal N-I
Policy N-I.1 Policy N-1.2
Goal N-2
Policy N-2.2 Policy N-2.3
Goal N-3
Policy N-3.2 Policy N-3.3 Policy N-3.4
Reduction in noise impacts from transportation sources.
Mitigate transportation equipment impacts at construction sites.
Ensure noise mitigation measures are included in the design of new developments.
Develop measures to control non-transportation noise impacts.
Strive to resolve existing and potential conflicts between noise generating uses and human activities.
Ensure noise mitigation techniques are incorporated into all construction-related activities.
Include noise considerations as a part of land use planning decisions.
Ensure Community Noise Equivalent Levels (CNEL) levels for noise sensitive land uses meet or exceed normally acceptable levels, as defined by State of California standards.
Incorporate noise reduction measures into all development proposals, as necessary.
Consider noise impacts associated with the development of non-residential uses in the vicinity of residential uses.
City of Cerritos Municipal Code
The City of Cerritos Municipal Code establishes the following applicable standards related to noise and vibration.
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Section 22.80.460 Vibration
No vibration (other than from transportation facilities or temporary construction work) shall be permitted which is discernible without instruments at the points of measurement specified in Section 22.80.210. (Ord. 417 § 1 (part), 1972)
Section 22.80.480 Noise
In all districts in the city, the following noise standards, unless otherwise specifically indicated, shall apply:
(1) Maximum sound level. No noise shall be generated which causes the maximum sound level (noise level) at any point on property lines surrounding the premises on which noise is produced to exceed the background (ambient noise) including traffic noise by five dBA measured at the same point, or the following limits, whichever is greater:
Zone or Development Area
Residential or agriculture
Commercial
Industrial
Maximum Sound Levels dB(A)
so
60 70
Provided further that the sound level at the boundary line between land use areas shall not exceed the average of the maximum permitted sound level for each such area noted above. (2) Negative corrections. The sound level limits must be adjusted by addition of the following corrections:
Type of Noise Correction (Decibels)
Steady noise without impulse or prominent pure tones {such as rain noise) 0 Steady impulsive noise (such as hammering or riveting) -5 Steady audible tone components (such as whine, screech, hum) -5 (3) Positive corrections. One of the following corrections may be applied to the limits and corrections noted above only between the hours of seven a.m. and seven p.m., except for uses in or adjacent to residential areas.
Frequency of Occurrence
Noise occurring not more than fifteen minutes per hour
Noise occurring not more than five minutes per hour
Noise occurring not more than one minute per hour
(4) Measurement:
Correction (Decibels)
+5
+10
+15
a) Sound level (noise level) shall be measured with a sound level meter satisfying the specifications of the American National Standard Specifications (Sl.4-1961, as amended), which has had its acoustic calibration checked within the previous seven days, b) Measurements shall be made on the nearest property line which faces the noise source, or at any point on an adjacent property where the noise is greater, c) Measurements shall be made on the "A" weighted scale, with fast response, following the manufacturer's instructions,
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d) Measurement must be made out of doors with the microphone at a height of not less than four feet above the ground,
e) Care shall be taken to avoid readings which are influenced by such extraneous sources as wind, electrical interference, or unusual background (ambient) noise, f) Noise level shall be determined by taking an average of at least three maximum deflections of the pointer.
(5) Exemptions. The provisions for noise limits shall not be applied to occasional use of equipment for maintenance of any lot or buildings orfor building construction, for which a valid building permit has been issued, between the hour of seven a.m. and seven p.m. or for any public works activities or civic event which are authorized by the city.
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5.0 EXISTING NOISE CONDITIONS
To determine the existing noise levels, noise measurements have been taken in the vicinity of the project site. The field survey noted that noise within the proposed project area is generally characterized by vehicle traffic on Interstate 605, which is located adjacent to the east side of the project site. There is also noise created from the industrial uses located adjacent to the south side of the project site. The following describes the measurement procedures, measurement locations, noise measurement results, and the modeling of the existing noise environment.
5.1 Noise Measurement Equipment
The noise measurements were taken using two Extech Model 407780 Type 2 integrating sound level meters programmed in "slow" mode to record the sound pressure level at 3-second intervals for approximately 24 hours in "A" weighted form. In addition, the Leq averaged over the entire measuring time and Lmax were recorded. The sound level meters and microphones were mounted on trees approximately five feet above the ground and were equipped with a windscreen. The sound level meters were calibrated before and after the monitoring using an Extech calibrator, Model 407766. The noise level measurement equipment meets American National Standards Institute specifications for sound level meters (Sl.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA).
Noise Measurement Locations
The noise monitoring locations were selected in order to obtain the existing noise levels on the project site. Descriptions of the noise monitoring sites are provided below in Table B and are shown in Figure 3.
Appendix A includes a photo index of the study area and noise level measurement locations.
Noise Measurement Timing and Climate
The noise measurements were recorded between 10:33 a.m. on Monday, November 14, 2022 and 10:38 a.m. on Tuesday, November 15, 2022. At the start of the noise measurements, the sky was clear (no clouds), the temperature was 66 degrees Fahrenheit, the humidity was 42 percent, barometric pressure was 30.03 inches of mercury, and the wind was blowing around two miles per hour. Overnight, the temperature dropped to 43 degrees Fahrenheit and the humidity peaked at 90 percent. At the conclusion of the noise measurements, the sky was clear, the temperature was 72 degrees Fahrenheit, the humidity was 36 percent, barometric pressure was 29.98 inches of mercury, and the wind was blowing around two miles per hour.
5.2 Noise Measurement Results
The results of the noise level measurements are presented in Table B. The measured sound pressure levels in dBA have been used to calculate the minimum and maximum Leq averaged over 1-hour intervals. Table B also shows the Leq, Lmax, and CNEL, based on the entire measurement time. The CNEL was calculated through use of Equation 2-23 from Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol (TeNS), prepared by Caltrans, September 2013. The noise monitoring data printouts are included in Appendix 8. Figure 4 shows a graph of the 24-hour noise measurements. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Table B - Existing (Ambient) Noise Measurement Results
Site Average Maximum (dBA L..g t-hou,/Time) Average
No. Site Description (dBA Leg) (dBA Lmax) Minimum Maximum (dBA CNEL) Located on a tree near the southwest corner of
1 the project site, approximately 35 feet north of 66.7 61.1 73.0 74.0 the terminus of Crusader Avenue and 25 feet 90.5 1:31 a.m. 6:25 a.m. east of the west property line.
Located on a tree on the west property line on
2 the northern portion of the project site, 64.1 82.2 57.9 68.2 70.3 approximately 125 feet south of the northwest 1:14 a.m. 5:50 a.m. property corner.
Source: Noise measurements were taken with two Extech Model 407780 Type 2 sound level meters from Monday, November 14, 2022 to Tuesday, November 15, 2022.
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Proj ect, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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1LEGEND
3 Noise Monitoring Location
VISTA
ENVIRONMENTAL
\
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Figure 3
Field Noise Monitoring Locations
169
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10:35 PM E
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8:24 PM
7:52 PM
7:19 PM
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6:13 PM
5:41 PM
5 08 : PM
4:35 PM
4:02 PM
3:30 PM
2:57 PM
2:24 PM
1:51 PM
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170
6.0 MODELING PARAMETERS AND ASSUMPTIONS
6.1 Construction Noise
The noise impacts from construction of the proposed project have been analyzed through use of the FHWA's Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM). The FHWA compiled noise measurement data regarding the noise generating characteristics of several different types of construction equipment used during the Central Artery/Tunnel project in Boston. Table C below provides a list of the construction equipment anticipated to be used for each phase of construction as detailed in Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Analysis 176945 - 995 W. Markham Street Industrial Building Project (Air Quality Analysis), prepared by Vista Environmental, December 1, 2022.
Table C - Construction Equipment Noise Emissions and Usage Factors Number of Acoustical Use Spec 721.560 Lmax at
Equipment Description Equipment Factor1 (percent) SO feet2 (dBA, slow3) Demolition
Concrete/Industrial Saw 1 20 90
Excavator 3 40 85
Rubber Tired Dozer 2 40 85
Site Preparation
Rubber Tired Dozers 3 40 85
Tractors 2 40 84
Front End Loader 1 40 80
Backhoe 1 40 80
Grading
Excavator 1 40 85
Grader 1 40 85
Rubber Tired Dozer 1 40 85
Tractor 1 40 84
Front End Loader 1 40 80
Backhoe 1 40 80
Building Construction
Crane 1 16 85
Forklift (Gradall) 3 40 85
Generator 1 20 90
Tractor 1 40 84
Front End Loader 1 40 80
Backhoe 1 40 80
Welder 1 40 73
Paving
Cement and Mortar Mixers 2 40 85
Paver 1 50 85
Paving Equipment 2 so 85 Rollers 2 20 85
Tractor 1 40 84
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Actual Measured Lmax
at SO feet4 (dBA, slow3)
90 81
83 82
N/A
79 78
81 N/A
82 N/A
79 78
81 83
90 N/A
79 78
74 79
77 77
80 N/A
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Table C - Construction Equipment Noise Emissions and Usage Factors Number of Acoustical Use Spec 721.560 Lmax at Actual Measured Lmax Equipment Description Equipment Factor1 (percent) SO feet2 (dBA, slow3) at SO feet" (dBA, slow3) Architectural Coating
Air Compressor 1 40 80
Notes:
1 Acoustical use factor is the percentage of time each piece of equipment is operational during a typical workday. 'Spec 721.560 is the equipment noise level utilized by the RCNM program. 78 3 The "slow" response averages sound levels over 1-second increments. A "fast" response averages sound levels over 0.125-second increments. 4 Actual Measured is the average noise level measured of each piece of equipment during the Central Artery/Tunnel project in Boston, Massachusetts primarily during the 1990s.
Source: Federal Highway Administration, 2006 and CalEEMod default equipment mix.
Table C also shows the associated measured noise emissions for each piece of equipment from the RCNM model and measured percentage of typical equipment use per day. Construction noise impacts to the nearest homes have been calculated according to the equipment noise levels and usage factors listed in Table C and through use of the RCNM. For each phase of construction, all construction equipment was analyzed based on being placed in the middle of the project site, which is based on the analysis methodology detailed in the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA Manual), prepared by FTA, September 2018, for a General Assessment. The RCNM model printouts are provided in Appendix C.
6.2 Vibration
Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on the equipment used on the site. Operation of construction equipment causes ground vibrations that spread through the ground and diminish in strength with distance. Buildings in the vicinity of the project site respond to these vibrations with varying results ranging from no perceptible effects at the low levels to slight damage to the structures at the highest levels. Table D gives approximate vibration levels for particular construction equipment that is provided by the FTA, however it should be noted that not all of these equipment types would be used during construction of the proposed project. The data in Table D provides a reasonable estimate for a wide range of soil conditions.
Table D - Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment Equipment
Pile driver (impact)
Pile driver (sonic)
Clam shovel drop (slurry wall)
Vibratory Roller
Hoe Ram
Large bulldozer
Caisson drill
Loaded trucks
Jackhammer
Small bulldozer
Upper range
typical
Upper range
typical
Source: Federal Transit Administration, 2018.
Peak Particle Velocity
(inches/second)
1.518
0.644 0.734 0.170 0.202
0.210 0.089
0.089 0.089
0.076 0.035
0.003
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Approximate Vibration Level
(L..,)at 25 feet
112 104 105
93 94 94
87 87 87 86
79 58
172
The construction-related vibration impacts have been calculated through the vibration levels shown above in Table D and through typical vibration propagation rates. The equipment assumptions were based on the equipment lists provided above in Table C. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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7.0 IMPACT ANALYSIS
7.1 CEQA Thresholds of Significance
Consistent with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the State CEQA Guidelines, a significant impact related to noise would occur if a proposed project is determined to result in:
• Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies;
• Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels; or • For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels.
7.2 Generation of Noise Levels in Excess of Standards
The proposed project would not generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies. The following section calculates the potential noise emissions associated with the temporary construction activities and long-term operations of the proposed project and compares the noise levels to the City standards.
Construction-Related Noise
The construction activities for the proposed project are anticipated to include demolition of the existing 32,000 square foot industrial building and approximately 3 acres of pavement area, site preparation and grading of the 3.93-acre project site, building construction of the proposed 75,514 square foot warehouse, paving of truck loading area, driveways, and parking lots, and application of architectural coatings. Noise impacts from construction activities associated with the proposed project would be a function of the noise generated by construction equipment, equipment location, sensitivity of nearby land uses, and the timing and duration of the construction activities. The nearest sensitive receptor to the project site is Valley Christian High School that is located adjacent to the west side of the project site and where the nearest classrooms are located as near as 80 feet to the west of the project site.
Section 22.80.480(5) of the City's Municipal Code exempts construction noise from the City noise standards provided that a valid building permit has been issued and construction activities occur between 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. However, the City construction noise standards do not provide any limits to the noise levels that may be created from construction activities and even with adherence to the City standards, the resultant construction noise levels may result in a significant substantial temporary noise increase to the nearby residents. In order to determine if the proposed construction activities would create a significant substantial temporary noise increase, the FTA construction noise criteria thresholds detailed above in Section 4.1 have been utilized, which shows that a significant construction noise impact would occur if construction noise exceeds 80 dBA during the daytime at the noise sensitive nearby school classrooms to the west or 90 dBA at the industrial building to the south. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Construction noise impacts to the nearby school classrooms have been calculated through use of the RCNM and the parameters and assumptions detailed in Section 6.1 of this report including Table C - Construction Equipment Noise Emissions and Usage Factors. The results are shown below in Table E and the RCNM printouts are provided in Appendix C.
Table E - Construction Noise Levels at the Nearby Sensitive Receptors Construction Noise Level (dBA Leq) at:
Construction Phase Nearest Classrooms to West1 Nearest Industrial Building to South2 Demolition 73 70
Site
Preparation
Grading
72 69
Building Construction
Paving
Architectural Coatings
FTA Construction Noise Threshold3
Exceed Thresholds?
Notes:
73 74
71 60
80 No
1 The nearest classroom to the west is located as near as 230 feet from the center of the project site. ' The nearest industrial building to the south is located as near as 340 feet from the center of t he project site. ' The FTA Construction noise thresholds are detailed above in Table A.
Source: RCNM, Federal Highway Administration, 2006
69 70
68 57
90 No
Table E shows that greatest construction noise impacts would occur during the building construction phase, with a noise level as high as 74 dBA Leq at the nearest classrooms to the west and as high as 70 dBA Leq at the nearest industrial building to the south. The calculated construction noise levels shown in Table E are within the FTA construction noise standards of 80 dBA for the nearby classrooms and 90 dBA for the nearby industrial uses. Therefore, through adherence to the limitation of allowable construction times provided in Section 22.80.480(5) of the Municipal Code, construction-related noise levels would not exceed any standards established in the General Plan or Noise Ordinance nor would construction activities create a substantial temporary increase in ambient noise levels from construction of the proposed project.
Impacts would be less than significant.
Operational-Related Noise
The proposed project would consist of the development of a warehouse. Potential noise impacts associated with the operations of the proposed project would be from project-generated vehicular traffic on the nearby roadways and from onsite activities, which have been analyzed separately below.
Roadway Vehicular Noise
Vehicle noise is a combination of the noise produced by the engine, exhaust and tires. The level of traffic noise depends on three primary factors (1) the volume of traffic, (2) the speed of traffic, and (3) the number of trucks in the flow of traffic. The proposed warehouse would be located in an industrial area that is surrounded by other warehouses. As such, the vehicle mix of automobiles and trucks generated by the proposed warehouse would be anticipated to be similar to the existing vehicle mix on the nearby roads. In addition, the proposed project would not alter the speed limit on any existing roadway so the proposed project's potential offsite noise impacts have been focused on the noise impacts associated with the change of volume of traffic that would occur with development of the proposed project. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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According to Table 4.6-8 from the City of Cerritos General Plan EIR (General Plan EIR), January 6, 2004, a significant project noise level increase is defined as follows:
• An increase of 5 dBA or more, where the ambient noise without project is Jess than 60 dBA CNEL; • An increase of 3 dBA or more where the ambient noise without project is between 60 and 65 dBA CNEL; or
• An increase of 1 dBA or more where the ambient noise without project is more than 65 dBA CNEL.
According to the Traffic Impact, VMT Impact and Parking Assessment for the Proposed 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project (Traffic Analysis), prepared by Linscott Law & Greenspan, August 15, 2022, the proposed project would generate a total of 156 average daily trips (ADT). According to Cerritos General Plan, 183rd Street at Crusader Avenue had 14,100 ADT under year 2020 conditions. The proposed project would contribute up to 1.1 percent of the ADT on 183rd Street. In order for project-generated vehicular traffic to increase the noise level on any of the nearby roadways by 3 dB, the ADT would have to double, or by 1.5 dB, the ADT would have to increase by 50 percent. As such, the proposed project's roadway noise impacts would be well below the noise increase thresholds detailed above from the General Plan EIR. Therefore, operational roadway noise impacts would be less than significant.
Onsite Noise Sources
The operation of the proposed warehouse building may create an increase in onsite noise levels from onsite truck travel and truck loading area activities, rooftop mechanical equipment, forklift activities, and automobile parking lot activities. Section 22.80.480 of the Municipal Code limits noise to the school property to the west to 50 dBA and the industrial property to the south to 70 dBA. Section 22.80480 details that if ambient noise exceeds the above noise standards than the noise standard becomes ambient plus 5 dBA. As detailed above in Section 5.2, the ambient noise at the shared property line with the school to the west was measured at 64.1 dBA Leq. As such, the City noise standard at the west property line is
69.1 dBA Leq.
In order to determine the noise impacts from the operation of rooftop mechanical equipment, parking lots, and onsite truck travel and loading area, reference noise measurements were taken of each noise source and are shown in Table F and the reference noise measurements are provided in Appendix D.
Table F - Operational Noise Levels at the Nearby Sensitive Receptors Reference Measurements At School to West
Distance - Noise Distance• Source
Source to Level1 to Property Line
Noise Source Receiver (feet) (dBA Leq) (feet)
Rooftop Equipment 6 65.1 65
Auto Parking Lot 5 52.1 8
Onsite Truck Travel 10 66.5 20 and Loading Area
Forklift 10 74.4 45
Combined Noise Levels
City Noise Standard2
Exceed City Noise Standard?
Notes:
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Noise
Level1
(dBA Leq)
44 48
60 61
64 69.1
No
At Industrial to South
Distance - Source Noise
to Property Line Level1
(feet) (dBA Leq)
110 40
8 48
100 47
400 42
51 70
No
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1 The noise levels were calculated through use of standard geometric spreading of noise from a point source with a drop-off rate of 6.0 dB for each doubling of the distance between the source and receiver. Does not account for noise reduction features, including the proposed 8-foot high wall on the west property line.
2 City Noise Standard obtained from Section 22.80.480 of the Municipal Code.
Table F shows that the proposed project's worst-case operational noise from the simultaneous operation of all noise sources on the project site would create a noise level of 64 dBA at the shared west property line with Valley Christian High School and a noise level of 51 dBA at the south property line that is adjacent to existing industrial uses. The worst-case operational noise levels are within the City noise standards detailed in Section 22.80.480 of the Municipal Code. Therefore, operational onsite noise impacts would be less than significant.
Level of Significance
Less than significant impact.
7.3 Generation of Excessive Groundborne Vibration
The proposed project would not expose persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or ground borne noise levels. The following section analyzes the potential vibration impacts associated with the construction and operations of the proposed project.
Construction-Related Vibration Impacts
The construction activities for the proposed project are anticipated to include demolition of the existing 32,000 square foot industrial building and approximately 3 acres of pavement area, site preparation and grading of the 3.93-acre project site, building construction of the proposed 75,514 square foot warehouse, paving of truck loading area, driveways, and parking lots, and application of architectural coatings.
Vibration impacts from construction activities associated with the proposed project would typically be created from the operation of heavy off-road equipment.
Section 22.80.460 of the Municipal Code limits vibration to a level that is discernible without instruments, however Section 22.80.460 exempts temporary construction activities from this vibration standard. Since the City does not provide any limits to the vibration levels that may be created from construction activities, the vibration thresholds provided in Caltrans Guidance Manual that is discussed above in Section 4.2 have been utilized and include a damage to the nearby industrial building threshold of 2.0 inch per second PPV and a human annoya nee vibration threshold from transient sources of 0.25 inch per second PPV.
The primary source of vibration during construction would be from the operation of a bulldozer. From Table D above a large bulldozer would create a vibration level of 0.089 inch per second PPV at 25 feet.
The nearest structure to the project site is the industrial building to the south that is as near as 8 feet from where a dozer would operate onsite. Based on typical propagation rates, the vibration level at the nearest structure would be 0.31 inch per second PPV. The vibration level at the nearest structure would be within the Caltrans building damage threshold of 2.0 inch per second PPV. As such, construction-related vibration would result in a less than significant impact to potential building damage.
The nearest sensitive receptor to the project site where a person would sit and be more susceptible to vibration would be the classrooms at the school to the west, where the nearest classrooms are 80 feet from the project site. Based on typical vibration propagation rates, the vibration level from a bulldozer operating on the project site at the nearest classroom would be 0.02 inch per second PPV. The vibration 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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level at the nearest classrooms to the west would be within the Caltrans human annoyance threshold from transient sources of 0.25 inch per second PPV. As such, construction-related vibration would result in a less than significant impact to human annoyance. Therefore, a less than significant vibration impact is anticipated from construction of the proposed project.
Operations-Related Vibration Impacts
The proposed project would consist of the development of a warehouse building. The proposed project would result in trucks operating on the project site, which are a known source of vibration. Caltrans has done extensive research on vibration level created along freeways and State Routes and their vibration measurements of roads have never exceeded 0.08 inches per second PPV 15 feet from the center of the nearest lane, with the worst combinations of heavy trucks. As detailed above, truck activities on the project site would occur onsite as near as 100 feet from the nearest classroom at the school to the west.
Based on typical propagation rates, the vibration level at the nearest classrooms would be 0.01 inch per second PPV. Therefore, vibration created from operation of the proposed project would be below the human annoyance threshold from transient sources of 0.25 inch per second PPV detailed above. Impacts would be less than significant.
Level of Significance
Less than significant impact.
7.4 Aircraft Noise
The proposed project would not expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels from aircraft. The nearest airport is Long Beach Airport that is located as near as 4.3 miles southwest of the project site. The project site is located outside the 60 dBA CNEL noise contours of Long Beach Airport. As such, the proposed project would be exposed to a less than significant impact from aircraft noise.
Level of Significance
Less than significant impact.
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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8.0 REFERENCES
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analytics Protocol, September 2013.
California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020.
City of Cerritos, City of Cerritos General Plan, January 2004.
City of Cerritos, City of Cerritos General Plan EIR Final, January 2004.
City of Cerritos, Cerritos Municipal Code, December 9, 2021 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, September 2018.
Linscott Law & Greenspan, Traffic Impact, VMT Impact and Parking Assessment for the Proposed 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, August 15, 2022.
U.S. Department of Transportation, FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model User's Guide, January, 2006.
Vista Environmental, Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Analysis 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, December 1, 2022.
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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APPENDIX A
Field Noise Measurements Photo Index
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Appendix A
180
Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking north Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking northeast Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking east Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking southeast Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking south Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking southwest =~ ,_:a;.;.1;.;;""".:.:.. .. ,. Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking west Noise Measurement Site 1 - looking northwest 181
I
-~
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking north
.
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking east
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking south
-~,~-
~.c,
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking west
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking northeast
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking southeast
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking southwest
, .• ~-~~..__..1!..":~ , ••.• \ ..
Noise Measurement Site 2 - looking northwest
182
APPENDIXB
Field Noise Measurements Printouts
17600
Crusader
Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis
City of
Cerritos
Appendix B
183
Site 1 - Near Southwest Corner of Project Site Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site Date Time=11/14/22 10:33:00 AM Date Time=11 /14/22 10:38:00AM Sampling Time=3 Weighting=A Sampling Time=3 Freq Weighting=A Record Num" 29600 Weighting=Slow CNEL(24hr)= 74.0 Record Num= 29600 Weighting=Slow CNEL(24hr}: 70.3 Leq 66.7 SEL Value,,116.2 Ldn(24hr)= 73.8 Leq 64.1 SEL Value=113.7 Ldn(24hr)" 70.1 MAX 90.5 Min Leq1hr= 61.1 1:31 AM MAX 82.2 Min Leq1hr= 57.9 1:14AM MIN 54.6 Max Leq1 hr= 73.0 6:25AM MIN 52.5 Max Leq1hr= 68.2 5:50AM Site 1 - Near Southwest Corner of Project Site Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL
64.1 10:33:03 64.1 64.1 684 10:38:03 68.4 68.4
70.8 10:33:06 708 708 633 10:38:06 633 633
639 10:33 09 639 63.9 68.4 10:38·09 684 68.4
64.2 10:33:12 64.2 642 74 10:38:12 74 74
64.8 10:33:15 64.8 64.8 69 10:38·15 69 69
67 2 10·33·18 672 672 658 10·3818 65.8 65 8
71.8 10:33·21 71 8 718 67.5 10'38 21 67.5 67.5
65.6 10:33.24 65.6 65.6 65.1 1038 24 651 65.1
69.2 10:33:27 692 69.2 67.2 10:38 27 67 2 672
76.4 10:33:30 76.4 76.4 71 10:38:30 71 71
67.B 10·33:33 67 8 67.8 67.6 10:38·33 676 67.6
66.2 10·33:36 66.2 66.2 63.3 10:38'36 63.3 63.3
65.1 10:33:39 651 65.1 628 10:38:39 62.8 62.8
663 10:33:42 66.3 663 65.2 10:38:42 65.2 65.2
731 10:33 45 731 731 655 10·3845 65.5 655
641 10:33.48 641 64.1 682 103848 682 682
68 10:33:51 68 68 74.7 10:38 51 74.7 74.7
65.4 10:33:54 654 654 68 4 10 38:54 68.4 68.4
65.7 10:33:57 65.7 65.7 691 10:38:57 69. 1 69.1
648 1034.00 64.8 64 8 73 4 10·39.00 73.4 73.4
645 103403 64.5 64.5 78.4 10:3903 784 784
65 1034:06 65 65 70.8 10:39.06 70.8 70.8
66.B 10:34:09 66 8 66.8 66.5 10:39 09 66.5 66.5
65.3 10:34:12 65.3 65.3 73.1 10:39:12 73.1 73.1
65.7 1034:15 65.7 65.7 648 10:39:15 64 8 64.8
665 10:34:18 665 66.5 685 10:39:18 685 68 5
64.8 10:34 21 64.8 648 683 10·39·21 68.3 68.3
739 10:34:24 739 739 688 10:39'24 68.8 68.8
65.6 10·34:27 656 65.6 69.9 10:39:27 69.9 699
666 1034 30 66.6 66.6 64.7 10 39 30 64.7 64.7 652 1034 33 65.2 65.2 661 10·3933 661 66.1 655 1034:36 65.5 655 634 10'39:36 63.4 63.4
67.8 10 34:39 678 676 72 10:39:39 72 72
669 1034:42 66.9 66.9 65 2 10·39'42 65.2 65.2
65 10 34-45 65 65 661 10.3945 66. 1 66.1
642 10:34 48 64.2 64.2 65.4 10:39:48 65.4 65.4
64 2 10·3451 64.2 64.2 63.7 10:39:51 63.7 63.7 66.6 10:34 54 66.6 66.6 63.7 10:39:54 63.7 63.7 65 10:3457 65 65 63.9 10:39:57 63.9 63.9
66.4 10:35:00 66.4 66.4 64 10:40:00 64 64
65.3 10:35:03 65.3 65.3 64 10 40:03 64 64
66.6 10:35:06 666 66.6 64.2 10 40:06 642 642
63.3 1035:09 63 3 63.3 651 10 40·09 65 1 651 62.4 10:35:12 62.4 62.4 62.9 10:4012 62 9 62.9 633 10"3515 63.3 63.3 63 4 10'4015 63.4 63.4 643 10:35:18 64.3 643 645 10:40:18 64.5 64.5
66.4 10:35:21 66.4 66.4 63.6 10:40:21 63.6 63.6
66.5 10·35 24 66.5 66.5 63.8 10:40:24 638 63.8
63 4 10·35 27 634 63.4 65.3 10:40:27 653 65.3
634 10:35 30 63.4 63.4 661 10:40:30 66.1 66.1
63 3 10:35.33 63.3 63 3 64.5 10'40:33 64.5 64.5
63 5 10:35:36 63.5 63.5 65.4 10:40:36 65.4 654
62 10:35:39 62 62 64 10:40:39 64 64
61.2 10:35·42 61.2 61.2 641 10:40:42 641 641
63 5 10·35:45 63 5 63 5 636 10:40 45 636 636 65.3 10·35·48 653 653 649 10:4048 649 64.9 663 10:35:51 66.3 66.3 64.5 10'40:51 64.5 64.5
66.1 10:35:54 661 661 64.2 10'40"54 642 64 2
657 10:35:57 65.7 65.7 63.4 10:40:57 634 63.4
67.5 10:36 00 675 67.5 63.3 10:41:00 63.3 63.3
655 10'36 03 65.5 65.5 62 10:41:03 62 62
64 6 10:36 06 64.6 84.6 62 10:41.06 62 62
64.4 10:36 09 64.4 64.4 63 7 10:41:09 63.7 63.7
65 10:36.12 65 65 64.3 10:41:12 64.3 64.3
662 10:36:15 662 662 64.4 10:41:15 64.4 64.4
67 10:3618 67 67 64.5 10:4118 645 64.5
656 10:36.21 65.6 65.6 63.3 10:41 :21 63.3 63.3
65.6 10:36:24 65.6 656 64.5 10:41.24 64.5 64.5
65.9 10:36:27 65.9 65.9 63.5 10·41.27 63.5 63.5
64.8 10:36:30 648 648 634 10:41:30 634 634
641 10:3633 64, 641 63.7 10:41:33 63.7 63.7
64.7 10:36:36 64.7 64.7 638 10:41:36 63.8 63.8 65.3 10:36:39 653 65.3 64.7 10:41:39 64.7 64.7
64.8 10·35:42 64.8 64.8 65.1 10:41.42 65.1 65.1
648 103645 64.8 64.8 66 10:41 45 66 66
66.2 10 36:48 66 2 662 64 10:41:48 64 64
184
Site 1 - Near Southwest Corner of Project Site
Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site SPL
Time Leq (1 hour Av Ldn CNEL SPL Time Le (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL
66.8 10'36:54 66.8 668 652 10:41:54 65.2 65.2
667 10:36.57 667 66.7 67.9 10:41:57 67.9 67.9
663 10:37:00 66.3 66.3 66 10:42.00 66 66
66.1 10:37:03 66.1 66.1 62.1 10:42:03 62.1 62.1
66.1 10·.37:06 66.1 66.1 62.4 10:42:06 62.4 62.4
66.7 10:37·09 66.7 66.7 62.6 10:42:09 626 62.6
667 10:37'12 66.7 66.7 65 10:42·12 65 65
65.5 10:37:15 85.5 65.5 65.3 10:42:15 653 65.3
64.4 10·37:18 644 64.4 65.1 10-42-18 65.1 65.1
62.8 10·37:21 62.8 62.8 63.3 10"4221 63.3 633
65 1037:24 65 65 64 10.42:24 64 64
65.6 10·37:27 65.6 65 6 63.4 10:42:27 634 63 4
652 10'37:30 652 65 2 62 5 10:42:30 62 5 62.5
65.5 1037:33 655 65 5 64.6 1042.33 64.6 64.6
65 10:37.36 65 65 64.5 10:42:36 64.5 64.5
65.3 10-37:39 65.3 65.3 64.4 10-42:39 64.4 64.4
64 1 10.37·42 641 64.1 64 4 10'42.42 644 644
64.7 10:37 45 64.7 64.7 631 10:42:45 631 63.1
64.5 10 37 48 64.5 64.5 63 10.42.48 63 83
648 1037:51 64.8 648 63.7 10"42 51 63 7 63.7
644 10:37:54 644 644 64.9 10:42 54 64.9 64.9
64.1 10·37.57 64.1 64 1 639 10:42:57 63.9 639
64.2 10:38.00 642 64 2 64.1 10:43:00 641 64.1
65 10 38.03 65 65 63.2 10:43 03 63 2 63.2
65 10·38·06 65 65 635 10:43:06 63.5 635
64.9 1038 09 649 649 64.6 104309 64 6 646
664 10'38 12 664 664 64 2 10"43"12 64 2 642
86 10:38 15 66 66 638 10:4315 63.8 63.8
66.7 10:38:18 66 7 66.7 63.9 10:43:18 63.9 63.9
653 10.38:21 653 65.3 63.6 10:43 21 636 636
64 10 38·24 64 64 65.7 10:43·24 657 657
65.5 10 38 27 65 5 65 5 656 10:43.27 65.6 656
66 10:38 30 66 66 61.8 10:43:30 61.B 61.8
663 10:38:33 66 3 66.3 61 .8 10:43:33 61.8 61.8
65.8 10:38:36 65 8 65.8 63.5 10:43:36 63.5 635
654 10·38:39 65.4 854 65.4 104339 654 65.4
64.4 10:38 42 644 644 64.1 104342 64.1 64.1
65 4 10·38:45 654 654 61 .5 10:43:45 61.5 61.5
64.8 10'3848 64 8 64.8 636 10:43:48 636 63.6
65.1 10·38:51 65.1 65.1 64.6 10:43:51 646 646
64.3 10·38 54 64 3 643 64.4 10-43 54 644 644
644 10 38.57 64.4 64.4 65 4 10:43:57 65.4 654
638 10'39:00 638 63.8 65 2 10:44.00 65.2 65.2
63 5 10:39:03 63 5 63.5 646 10'44.03 64.6 64.6
64 10'39.06 64 64 64 5 10:44:06 645 64 5
64.8 1039.09 64 8 646 64 9 104409 649 649
66.1 10 39.12 66 1 661 63.9 104412 63.9 639
65.5 10:39:15 655 655 62.8 10:44:15 62.8 62.8
649 10:39:18 64.9 64.9 60.6 10:44:18 60.6 60.6
64.5 10·39:21 64.5 64.5 64.2 10:44 21 64.2 64.2
63.5 10·39:24 63.5 63.5 65.6 10:44:24 656 656
62.4 10'39:27 62 4 62.4 648 10:44 27 64.B 64.8
64.5 10:39:30 645 64.5 64.2 10:44:30 64 2 64.2
64.2 10:39 33 64 2 64.2 62.4 10-4433 62 4 62.4
64.5 10 39·.36 64 5 64.5 635 10-44 36 635 635
639 1039:39 639 639 634 10:44 39 834 63 4
64.3 10-39.42 843 64.3 64.9 10:44:42 64.9 64.9
64.8 10:39:45 64 8 64.8 63.6 10:44:45 636 63.6
64.9 10:39:48 64.9 649 64.2 10:4448 64 2 64 2
642 10.39'51 642 642 671 10-44 51 671 67.1
64.5 10-39·54 64 5 64 5 649 10-44 54 64.9 64.9
65 1039:57 65 65 62 2 10:44.57 62 2 62.2
64.9 10:40:00 64.9 64.9 62.1 10:45.00 62.1 62.1
64.6 10:40:03 64.6 64.6 629 10:45.03 62 9 62.9
66.2 10·40:06 662 66.2 632 10:45.06 63 2 63 2
665 10-40·09 665 665 632 10:45-09 632 632
652 10:40:12 65 2 652 64 8 10:45:12 648 64.8
65 10401 5 65 65 63 7 10.45.15 63.7 63.7
64.4 10:40:18 64.4 64.4 64.5 10:45:18 64.5 64.5
656 10:40:21 65.6 65.6 65.3 10:45.21 65 3 653
66.9 10:40.24 669 669 635 10:45·24 635 63 5
658 10 40:27 65 8 65.8 63 10:4527 63 63
65.6 10:40:30 65.6 656 62.9 1045:30 62 9 62.9
65 7 10:40:33 65.7 65 7 63.1 104 533 63.1 63.1
642 10:40:36 642 642 64 10:45:36 64 64
655 1040.39 655 655 64.6 10-45-39 646 646
653 10·40.42 65 3 65.3 63.3 10:4542 63 3 633
646 10·40:45 64.6 64.6 62.8 10-45_45 62.B 62.8
65.2 10:40:48 65.2 65.2 63.9 104548 63.9 63.9
65.1 10:40:51 65.1 65.1 632 10:45:51 632 632
63.5 10-40:54 63.5 63.5 63 10:4554 63 63
639 10'40:57 639 63.9 62.4 10-45_57 62.4 62.4
64 10:4 1:00 64 64 62 1046:00 62 62
662 10'41:03 662 662 618 10:46.03 61.8 81.8
64.1 10:41:06 64.1 64.1 605 10:46:06 60.5 60.5
64.1 10·41:09 641 64.1 617 10-46 09 6 1 7 617
654 10·41 12 65.4 65.4 65 10·4612 65 65
65 8 10:4115 65.8 65.8 64.5 104615 645 64.5
185
Site 1 - Near Southwest Corner of Project Site Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL
65.9 10'41:21 65.9 65.9 626 10:4621 62.6 62.6
66 10:41 :24 66 66 61.8 10:46:24 61.8 61.8
65.6 10:41:27 65.6 65.6 61 10:46:27 61 61
65.5 10:41:30 65.5 65.5 62.2 10:46:30 62.2 62.2 66.5 10:41:33 66.5 66.5 63.3 10:46:33 63.3 633 65.9 10:41:36 65.9 65.9 64.1 10:46:36 64.1 64.1 649 1041:39 64.9 64.9 64 10:4639 64 64 655 10:4142 655 655 641 10:4642 64.1 64.1
64.6 10:41.45 64.6 64.6 64 1046:45 64 64 64.9 10:4148 64.9 649 62.4 10"46:48 62.4 62.4 638 10:41:51 63.8 63.8 62.1 10:46:51 62.1 621 635 10:41:54 63.5 63.5 606 10:4654 60.6 60.6 632 10"41:57 632 632 61 7 10:4657 61.7 617 64.3 10:42.00 64.3 64.3 62 3 1047 00 62 3 62 3
65.3 1042.03 65.3 653 65 3 10:4703 653 653
64.7 10.42 06 647 647 65 7 10:47.06 65.7 65.7
649 10·42:09 64.9 649 648 1047.09 64 8 648
64.8 10:42· 12 64.8 64.8 64.7 10:47:12 64.7 64 7
65 10 4215 65 65 654 10:47:15 65.4 65 4
65 1042:18 65 65 664 10:47:18 664 66.4
64.8 10:42·21 648 64.8 65 10:47.21 65 65
64.7 10:42 24 64.7 64 7 63 7 1047:24 63 7 63.7
65.9 1042:27 65.9 65.9 638 1047:27 63.8 63.8
668 10"42:30 66.8 66.8 638 10:47:30 63.6 63.8
65.7 1042:33 65.7 65.7 63.9 104733 63.9 639
66.5 10:42 36 665 66.5 63 1047 36 63 63 66 9 10 42 39 669 669 62 g 10 47 39 629 62.9
67.6 10:42:42 67.6 67.6 63 1 104 7:42 63. 1 63 1
67 10:42.45 67 67 621 10 47:45 62. 1 62 1
66.6 10:42:48 66.6 66.6 62.8 1047:48 62.8 62.B
64.9 104251 64 9 649 632 10·4751 632 63 2
64.5 10:42 54 64 5 645 687 10:47 54 687 88 7
85 2 10:42:57 65.2 65.2 659 1047:57 65 9 659 652 10:43:00 65 2 65 2 672 1048.00 67.2 67.2
65.1 10:43:03 65.1 651 64.6 1048:03 64.6 64.6
639 1043:06 639 63.9 628 10:48:06 62.8 62.8
65.9 10:43 09 659 659 63 7 1048.09 63.7 637
642 104312 64.2 642 67.1 10·4812 67.1 67.1
652 10:43:15 652 652 64 8 10·4815 648 648
652 1043:18 65.2 652 64.7 1048 18 64 7 647
651 104321 65.1 651 652 10:4821 652 652
643 1043 24 64 3 64.3 647 10:46 24 64 7 64.7
63.9 10:43 27 63.9 63.9 64.8 10:48 27 648 64 8
64.2 10:43.30 642 642 64 3 10:4830 643 643
63.6 10:43 33 636 636 636 10:48.33 636 63 6
657 1043:36 65.7 657 626 10 46:36 62 6 62 6 646 1043.39 646 646 637 10 46:39 63.7 63.7 65 10:43:42 65 65 64.2 10:48:42 64.2 642
635 1043 45 63.5 63.5 641 10:48:45 641 64.1
64 10:43.48 64 64 63.4 10:48:48 63.4 63.4
642 10:4351 64.2 642 622 10:4851 62.2 62.2
64 104354 64 64 622 10:48 54 622 62 2
64.1 10:43 57 64.1 64.1 62 10:4857 62 62
64 10:4400 64 64 64.2 10·49 00 64.2 642
63.9 10:44.03 639 639 642 10:4903 642 64 2
648 10·44:06 64 6 64 8 62 5 10 49.06 62.5 62.5 656 10·44.09 65.6 65 6 622 1049.09 622 622
65.1 10:44·12 65.1 65.1 63.5 10:49:12 635 63.5
63.4 10:4415 634 63.4 69.1 10:4915 691 69.1
62.6 10:44 18 62 6 626 63 5 10:49 18 635 635 64 1 10 44 21 641 641 645 10.49:21 64.5 645
64.9 10·4424 64.9 64.9 64 2 104924 642 64.2
639 10:44 27 63.9 639 63 5 10:49·27 635 63.5 64.8 10:44 30 64.8 64.8 62.9 10:4930 62 9 62.9 63 7 10:44:33 63 7 63.7 62.8 10:49:33 62 8 62 8
62 8 1044.36 62 8 628 65.1 10:49 36 65 1 65 1
66.3 10·44:39 66.3 663 63 10·49:39 63 63
638 10·44 42 638 638 63.5 104942 63 5 63.5
648 10:44:45 64.8 64.8 632 10:49:45 63 2 632
64 10:44:48 64 64 661 10 49:48 66 1 661
64.6 10:44·51 646 64.6 66.9 1049·51 669 669
66.1 10:44 54 66 1 661 636 10:4954 636 63.6
65.6 10·44:57 65.6 65.6 62.9 10"49:57 62.9 62.9
63.7 10'45:00 63.7 63.7 63.7 10:5000 63 7 63 7
62 1045 03 62 62 64 7 10"50.03 64.7 64.7
64.8 10:45:06 64 8 64.8 64.5 10 50 06 64.5 64.5
641 10 45 09 641 64 1 64 10 50 09 64 64
66 10 4512 66 66 838 1050·12 63.8 638
64.9 10:45:15 649 64 9 64.5 10:50:15 64.5 64.5
648 10:4518 64.8 64.8 65.7 10:50:18 65.7 65 7
64 7 10:45:21 64 7 64.7 66 10:so·21 66 66
63.7 10:45 24 637 637 654 105024 654 65.4
64.2 10·45 27 64 2 64.2 64.3 10·50:27 64.3 64 3
63.8 1045:30 63.8 63.8 63.9 10:50:30 63 9 639
665 10 45:33 66.5 66.5 63.2 10 50:33 63 2 63.2
656 1045:36 656 656 632 10 50 36 632 63 2
64.8 10:45:39 64.8 64.B 62 10-50 39 62 62
63.2 10:4542 63 2 632 62.4 1050:42 62 4 62.4
186
Site 1 - Near Southwest Corner of Project Site Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site Leq (1 hour Av .) SPL Time Leq (1 hour Av .) LdnCNEL
62.5 10.45:48 62 5 62.5 63.7 10:50-48 83.7 63.7 62.1 10:45:51 62.1 62.1 63.8 10:50:51 63.8 63.8 62.8 10:45:54 62.8 82.8 64.7 10:50:54 64.7 64.7 65.6 10:45:57 65.6 856 65.6 10:50:57 65.6 65.6 64.9 10:46:00 64.9 64.9 63.5 10:51 :00 63.5 63.5 64.7 10:48:03 64.7 64.7 64.2 10:51:03 64.2 64.2 64.7 10:46 06 64.7 64.7 66.4 10:51:06 66.4 664 64.1 1046:09 641 64.1 64.8 10:51.09 64.8 648
63.7 10:4612 63.7 63.7 64.6 10-51:12 64.6 64.6
64 1048.15 64 64 62 10·51:15 62 62
64 10.4618 64 64 618 10:51:18 61 8 61.8 64.5 10:46:21 64.5 64.5 62.6 10:51:21 626 626 64.8 10-46:24 648 64.8 63 10:51:24 63 63 64.6 10:4627 646 64.6 621 10 51:27 621 62.1 64.5 10:46·30 64 5 64.5 61 10:51 :30 61 61 65 10:46:33 65 65 62.8 10:51:33 628 62.8 65 10"46 36 65 65 61 5 10 51 38 615 615 64.5 10:46:39 64.5 64.5 62.7 10·s1:39 62.7 62.7 64 1046:42 64 64 64.4 10 51:42 64.4 64.4 643 10·46.45 64.3 643 64.7 10:51:45 64 7 64 7
63.3 10:46:48 633 63.3 65 10:51:48 65 65 62.8 10-46:51 62 8 828 642 10·51:51 64 2 64 2 63.7 10:46 54 637 63.7 64.1 1051:54 64 1 64.1 652 10:46·57 652 65.2 664 10'.51 :57 664 66.4 65.3 10:47:00 65.3 65 3 64.1 10:52:00 64.1 64.1 65.2 10-47:03 65.2 65 2 636 10:52 03 836 636 64 2 10·4706 64 2 642 631 10 52.06 63. 1 631 63.3 10:47.09 633 633 626 10-52:09 62.6 62.6 62.3 10:4712 623 62.3 63.2 10:52:12 632 63.2 64.4 10·47:15 64.4 64.4 65.3 10:52:15 85.3 653 64.3 10 47·18 643 64.3 65 2 10:52.18 65.2 652 64 8 10-47 21 648 64.8 663 10 52:21 663 663 64.9 10:47:24 64 9 64.9 65.3 10'.52:24 65.3 65.3 66 10:47:27 66 66 65.7 10·52·27 65.7 65.7
65.5 10:47:30 65.5 65.5 64 10:52:30 64 64 63.5 10:47:33 63.5 63.5 633 10:52:33 633 633 61 1 10-47.36 61 1 61 .1 619 10-52:36 61 9 61 .9
62.6 10·47:39 62.6 62 6 62.2 10:52.39 622 622 63.4 1047:42 63.4 634 622 10:52-42 62 2 622 62 3 10:47:45 62.3 62.3 63.1 10:52:45 631 631
649 10:47.48 649 64.9 646 10:52:48 64.6 64.6 66.8 10-47:51 668 668 64.2 10:52:51 642 642 66.6 10:47:54 66.6 666 64.7 10·52 54 64 7 64.7
65.9 10:47:57 65.9 65.9 66.1 10:52:57 66 1 661 669 10:45·00 669 66.9 646 10:53:00 64.6 646 66.2 10·48:03 662 66 2 64.1 10·53 03 64 1 641 65.2 1048.06 652 652 636 10:53 06 636 63.6 64 1 10:48:09 64.1 64.1 63.1 10:53:09 631 63.1 637 10:48:12 63.7 63.7 62.8 10:53:12 62.8 62.8 65.2 10:48.15 652 652 62.7 10:53:15 62.7 62.7
64.2 10·48:18 64 2 64.2 621 10:53:18 62.1 62.1
64.2 10 48:21 64.2 64 2 62 10:53:21 62 62
63.5 10·48:24 635 63.5 61.8 10:53:24 618 61 .8 62.7 10:48 27 627 62.7 611 10·SJ-27 611 611
62.6 1048 30 62.6 62 6 62.2 105330 622 622 63.3 10-48:33 63.3 63 3 62.6 10:53 33 626 626 665 10:4836 66.5 66.5 62 10:53.36 62 62 66.1 10:48·39 66.1 66 1 62.4 10:53:39 62.4 624 66.1 10.48.42 661 66.1 62.2 10·5342 622 62.2
66.1 10:48:45 66.1 66.1 63.5 10:5345 63.5 63 5 657 10'.48·48 65.7 65.7 64.4 10:53:48 644 644 64.9 10·45 51 649 649 65.7 10 53:51 65.7 65.7 64.9 10:48 54 64.9 649 62 9 10·53:54 62 9 62.9 66.5 10·48:57 665 665 63.7 10:5357 637 637 64.5 10'.49:00 64.5 64.5 63.6 10:54:00 636 63.6
64.9 10:49.03 649 64.9 63.1 10:54:03 631 63.1
64.9 10:49 06 649 64.9 66 5 10·5405 66 5 66.5 64.7 10 49:09 64.7 64 7 64 10:54.09 64 64 65.2 1049:12 652 65.2 64.3 10:54.12 64.3 643 651 10:49:15 65.1 65.1 62.5 10:54:15 62.5 62.5 64 2 10·49:18 642 642 631 10·54·18 63 1 631 64 10:49 21 64 64 63.5 10·54·21 63 5 63.5 642 10'.49:24 64.2 64.2 64.2 10:54·24 642 642
64.5 10:49:27 64.5 845 652 10:54:27 652 65.2 64.5 10:49:30 645 64.5 65 10·54:30 65 65 64 10:4933 64 64 645 1054:33 645 645 64 1 10·49:36 64.1 641 642 10:54:36 842 642 62.9 10:49:39 62.9 62.9 64.4 10:54:39 644 64 4 629 10:49:42 62.9 62.9 65.3 10:54:42 65.3 65.3
63 10:49:45 63 63 64.3 10:54:45 64 3 64.3 662 10·49:48 66.2 66.2 629 10:54:48 629 62.9 639 10:49:51 63.9 63.9 63.7 10:54:51 637 63.7 64.7 10:49:54 64.7 64.7 65.4 10·5454 654 65.4
63.6 10:49:57 63.6 63.6 65.6 10:54:57 65.6 65.6 63.3 10-50:00 63.3 63.3 65.2 10:5500 652 65 2 64.1 10·50:03 641 64 1 654 10-55.03 654 654 65.3 10:50.06 653 65.3 644 10 55.06 64.4 64.4
64.2 10:50·09 64.2 64 2 632 10·5509 63.2 63.2
187
Site 1 • Near Southwest Corner of Project Site Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site SPL Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL 633 10:50·15 63.3 63.3 62.8 10:55:15 62.8 62.8
63.3 1050·18 63.3 63.3 63.6 10:55:18 636 63.6
63.7 10:50:21 63.7 63.7 66.1 10:55:21 66.1 66 1 64.6 10:50:24 64.6 64.6 66.2 10:5524 66.2 66.2 63 10:50:27 63 63 641 10:55:27 64.1 641
63.8 10:50:30 63.8 63.8 61.1 10:55:30 611 611
64.3 10:50:33 643 64.3 62.9 10:55:33 62.9 62.9
64.5 10·50:36 64.5 64.5 633 10:55:36 63.3 63.3
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62.3 10:50"42 62 3 62 3 63.5 1055.42 63 5 63.5
63.9 10:50:45 639 63.9 62.8 1055 45 62.8 62.8
64.8 10:50:48 64.8 64.8 62.9 1055.48 62.9 629
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65.4 10-5054 65.4 65.4 64 2 10·5554 642 642
65.3 10-50:57 65 3 65.3 64 2 105557 642 642
64.8 1051:00 64.8 64.8 63 9 10:5600 63.9 63.9 648 1051:03 648 648 637 10:56 03 63 7 637
66.7 1051:06 66 7 667 64.1 10:56.06 64 1 64. 1
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188
Site 1 - Near Southwest Corner of Project Site Site 2 - On West Side, Northern Portion of Project Site SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL SPL Time Leq (1 hour Avg.) Ldn CNEL
65.7 10:54:42 65.7 65.7 64 10:59:42 64 64 65.3 10:54:45 65.3 65.3 64.3 10:59:45 64.3 64.3
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190
APPENDIXC
RCNM Model Construction Noise Calculations
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Appendix C
191
Report date:
Case Description:
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
12/3/2022
17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Demolition
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night Nearest Classroom to West Residential 64.1 Description
Concrete Saw
Excavator
Excavator Excavator
Dozer
Dozer
64.1 64.1
Equipment
Spec
Impact Lmax
Device Usage(%) (dBA)
No 20
No 40 No 40
No 40
No 40 No 40
Results
Actual
Lmax
(dBA)
89.6 80.7 80.7
80.7 81.7
81 .7
Receptor Estimated
Distance Shielding
(feet) (dBA)
230 0
230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits {dBA)
Equipment
Concrete Saw
Excavator Excavator
Excavator
Dozer Dozer
Day
*Lmax Leq Lmax
76.3 69.3 N/A
67.5 63.5 NIA 67.5 63.5 NIA
67.5 63.5 N/A
68.4 64.4 N/A 68.4 64.4 N/A
Total 76 73 NIA
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
Evening
Leq Lmax Leq
N/A NIA NIA NIA NIA NIA
NIA N/A N/A
NIA N/A NIA
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NIA
192
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 12/3/2022
Case Description: 17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Demolition ---- Receptor #2 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Industrial to South Industrial 66.7 66.7 66.7
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
Concrete Saw No 20 89.6 340 0
Excavator No 40 80.7 340 0
Excavator No 40 80.7 340 0
Excavator No 40 80.7 340 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 340 0 Dozer No 40 81.7 340 0
Results
Calculated ( dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Concrete Saw 72.9 66 NIA N/A N/A N/A
Excavator 64.1 60.1 NIA NIA NIA NIA Excavator 64.1 60.1 NIA N/A NIA NIA Excavator 64.1 60.1 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Dozer 65.0 61.0 NIA NIA NIA N/A Dozer 65.0 61.0 N/A N/A NIA NIA Total 73 70 N/A N/A NIA NIA
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
193
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 121312022
Case Description: 17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Site Preparation ---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Classroom to West Residential 64.1 64.1 64.1
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
Dozer No 40 81.7 230 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 230 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 230 0
Backhoe No 40 77.6 230 0
Front End Loader No 40 79.1 230 0
Tractor No 40 84 230 0
Backhoe No 40 77.6 230 0
Results
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Dozer 68.4 64.4 NIA NIA N/A N/A
Dozer 68.4 64.4 N/A NIA NIA N/A
Dozer 68.4 64.4 NIA NIA N/A NIA
Backhoe 64.3 60.3 N/A N/A NIA N/A
Front End Loader 65.9 61.9 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Tractor 70.7 66.8 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Backhoe 64.3 60.3 NIA N/A NIA N/A
Total 71 72 NIA N/A NIA NIA
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
194
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 121312022
Case Description: 17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Site Preparation •··· Receptor #2 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Industrial to South Industrial 66.7 66.7 66.7
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
Dozer No 40 81.7 340 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 340 0 Dozer No 40 81.7 340 0
Backhoe No 40 77.6 340 0
Front End Loader No 40 79.1 340 0
Tractor No 40 84 340 0
Backhoe No 40 77.6 340 0
Results
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Dozer 65.0 61.0 NIA NIA N/A NIA Dozer 65.0 61.0 NIA NIA NIA NIA Dozer 65.0 61.0 NIA NIA NIA N/A
Backhoe 60.9 56.9 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Front End Loader 62.5 58.5 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Tractor 67.3 63.4 N/A N/A NIA N/A
Backhoe 60.9 56.9 N/A NIA N/A N/A
Total 67 69 N/A N/A NIA N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
195
Report date:
Case Description:
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
121312022
17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Grading
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night Nearest Classroom to West Residential 64.1 64.1 64.1 Equipment
Spec Actual
Impact Lmax Lmax
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA)
Excavator No 40 80.7
Grader No 40 85
Dozer No 40 81.7
Backhoe No 40 77.6
Front End Loader No 40 79.1
Tractor No 40 84
Results
Receptor Estimated
Distance Shielding
(feet) (dBA)
230 0
230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Excavator 76.3 69.3 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Grader 67.5 63.5 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Dozer 67.5 63.5 N/A NIA NIA NIA
Backhoe 67.5 63.5 NIA N/A NIA N/A
Front End Loader 68.4 64.4 NIA N/A NIA NIA
Tractor 68.4 64.4 N/A NIA NIA NIA
Total 76 73 N/A NIA N/A NIA
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
196
Report date:
Case Description:
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
1213/2022
17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Grading
---- Receptor #2 ••••
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Nearest Industrial to South Industrial Daytime Evening
66.7 66.7
Night
66.7 Equipment
Spec Actual
Impact Lmax Lmax
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA)
Excavator No 40 80.7
Grader No 40 85
Dozer No 40 81.7
Backhoe No 40 77.6
Front End Loader No 40 79.1
Tractor No 40 84
Results
Receptor Estimated
Distance Shielding
(feet) (dBA)
340 0 340 0
340 0 340 0 340 0 340 0
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Excavator 64.1 60 NIA NIA NIA NIA Grader 68.3 64.4 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Dozer 65.0 61.0 N/A NIA NIA NIA
Backhoe 60.9 56.9 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Front End loader 62.5 58.5 N/A N/A N/A NIA
Tractor 67.3 63.4 NIA NIA N/A NIA
Total 68 69 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
197
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 12/3/2022
Case Description: 17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Building Construction ---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Classroom to West Residential 64.1 64.1 64.1
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
Crane No 16 80.6 230 0
Gradall No 40 83.4 230 0
Gradall No 40 83.4 230 0
Gradall No 40 83.4 230 0
Generator No 50 80.6 230 0
Backhoe No 40 77.6 230 0
Front End Loader No 40 79.1 230 0
Tractor No 40 84 230 0
Welder I T arch No 40 74 230 0
Results
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Crane 67.3 59.3 NIA N/A NIA NIA
Gradall 70.1 66.2 NIA N/A N/A N/A Gradall 70.1 66.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Gradall 70.1 66.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Generator 67.4 64.4 N/A N/A NIA N/A
Backhoe 64.3 60.3 NIA N/A N/A N/A
Front End Loader 65.9 61 .9 N/A NIA N/A N/A
Tractor 70.7 66.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Welder I Torch 60.7 56.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 71 74 NIA NIA N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
198
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 12/312022
Case Description: 17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Building Construction ---- Receptor #2 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night Nearest Industrial to South Industrial 66.7 66.7 66.7 Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
Crane No 16 80.6 340 0
Gradall No 40 83.4 340 0
Gradall No 40 83.4 340 0
Gradall No 40 83.4 340 0
Generator No 50 80.6 340 0
Backhoe No 40 77.6 340 0
Front End Loader No 40 79.1 340 0
Tractor No 40 84 340 0
Welder I Torch No 40 74 340 0
Results
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Crane 63.9 55.9 N/A NIA N/A NIA
Gradall 66.7 62.8 NIA NIA NIA NIA Gradall 66.7 62.8 NIA NIA NIA NIA Gradall 66.7 62.8 NIA NIA NIA NIA Generator 64.0 61.0 NIA N/A NIA NIA
Backhoe 60.9 56.9 NIA N/A NIA NIA
Front End Loader 62.5 58.5 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Tractor 67.3 63.4 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Welder I Torch 57.3 53.4 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Total 67 70 N/A N/A NIA N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
199
Report date:
Case Description:
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
1213/2022
17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Paving
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Classroom to West Residential 64.1 64.1 64.1
Equipment
Spec Actual
Impact Lmax Lmax
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA)
Concrete Mixer Truck No 40 78.8
Concrete Mixer Truck No 40 78.8
Paver No 50 77.2
Paver No 50 77.2 Paver No 50 77.2
Roller No 20 80 Roller No 20 80
Tractor No 40 84
Results
Receptor Estimated
Distance Shielding
(feet) (dBA)
230 0
230 0 230 0 230 0
230 0
230 0 230 0 230 0
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Concrete Mixer Truck 65.5 61 .6 NIA NIA NIA N/A
Concrete Mixer Truck 65.5 61.6 NIA NIA NIA NIA
Paver 64.0 61.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Paver 64.0 61 .0 NIA N/A NIA NIA Paver 64.0 61 .0 NIA NIA N/A NIA
Roller 66.7 59.8 N/A NIA NIA NIA
Roller 66.7 59.8 N/A NIA N/A NIA
Tractor 70.7 66.8 NIA N/A NIA NIA
Total 71 71 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
200
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 12/3/2022
Case Description: 17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Paving ---- Receptor #2 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Industrial to South Industrial 66.7 66.7 66.7
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
Concrete Mixer Truck No 40 78.8 340 0
Concrete Mixer Truck No 40 78.8 340 0
Paver No 50 77.2 340 0 Paver No 50 77.2 340 0
Paver No 50 77.2 340 0
Roller No 20 80 340 0
Roller No 20 80 340 0
Tractor No 40 84 340 0
Results
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits ( dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Concrete Mixer Truck 62.1 58.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Concrete Mixer Truck 62.1 58.2 N/A N/A N/A NIA
Paver 60.6 57.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A Paver 60.6 57.6 N/A N/A NIA N/A Paver 60.6 57.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roller 63.3 56.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roller 63.3 56.4 N/A N/A N/A NIA
Tractor 67.3 63.4 NIA NIA NIA N/A
Total 67 68 NIA NIA N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
201
Report date:
Case Description:
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
12/3/2022
17600 Crusader Ave Warehouse - Architectural Coating
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Classroom to West Residential 64.1
Description
Compressor (air)
64.1 64.1
Impact
Device Usage(%)
No 40
Equipment
Spec Actual
Lmax Lmax
(dBA) (dBA)
77.7 Results
Receptor Estimated
Distance Shielding
(feet) (dBA)
230 0
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Equipment
Compressor (air)
Total
Description Land Use Nearest Industrial to South Industrial Description
Compressor (air)
Equipment
Compressor (air)
Total
Day
*Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
64.4 60.4 N/A N/A
64 60 N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
Baselines {dBA)
Daytime Evening
66.7 66.7
Impact
Device Usage(%)
No 40
---- Receptor #2 ----
Night
66.7 Equipment
Spec
Lmax
(dBA)
Results
Actual
Lmax
(dBA)
77.7 Evening
Lmax Leq
N/A N/A NIA N/A
Receptor Estimated
Distance Shielding
(feet) (dBA)
340 0
Calculated (dBA) Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
*Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
61 .0 57.0 N/A N/A NIA N/A
61 57 N/A N/A N/A NIA
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
202
APPENDIX D
Operational Reference Noise Measurements Printouts
17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Noise Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
Appendix D
203
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name 831_Data.004 Computer's File Name SLM_0002509_831_Data_004.02.ldbin Meter 831
Firmware
User Description Note
2.314
GT
Riverside - The Motorcycle Company • Phase 3
On Roof• Approx 6 feet from HVAC Unit
Location
Start Time
End Time
2020-05-09 13:23: 15 2020-05-09 13:33:15
Duration 0:10:00.2
Run Time 0:10:00.2 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LA,;q
LAE
65.1 dB
92.9 dB
EA 214.7 µPa'h
SEA --- dB
106.4 dB
80.1 dB 55.1 dB
2020-05-09 13:25:40
2020-05-09 13:25: 19 2020-05-09 13:30: 14
LAeq LCt,q
LAl 8 q
Exceedances
65.1 dB
78.1 dB
68.9 dB
Count
LC8q - LA eq
LAleq - LA8 q
Duration
LAS> 65.0 dB 16 0:02:46.5
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
lZpeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LZpeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LZpeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LON
Any Data
Leq Ls(max)
LF{max)
Ll(max) LSim,nJ
LF(m,nJ
llcm,n)
LPeak(max)
Overloads
Statistics
LAS 5.0 LAS 10.0
LAS 33.3
LAS 50.0
LAS 66.6 LAS 90.0
65.1 dB
LDEN
65.1 dB
A
Level Time Stamp
65.1 dB
80.1 dB 2020-05-09 13:25:19 84.7 dB 2020-05-09 13:25:18
86.7 dB 2020-05-09 13:25:18 55.1 dB 2020-05-09 13:30:14
54.3 dB 2020-05-09 13:30:13 54.6 dB 2020-05-09 13:30:13
98.9 dB 2020-05-09 13:25: 18
Count
0 71 .5 dB
69.4 dB
62.7 dB
59.5 dB
58.1 dB
56.5 dB
LDay
65.1 dB
LDay
65.1 dB
Duration
0:00:00.0
13.0 dB
3.8 dB
C
Level
78.1 dB
91.6 dB 95.4 dB
97.SdB
64.7 dB
63.0dB
65.0 dB
105.7 dB
LNight
0.0 dB
LEve
--- dB
Time Stamp
2020-05-09 13:26:05 2020-05-09 13:25:40 2020-05-09 13:25:40 2020-05-09 13:30:02 2020-05-09 13:30: 12 2020-05-09 13:30:02 2020-05-09 13:25:40
OBA Count
0 LNight
·-- dB
z
Level Time Stamp
80.9 dB 97.4 dB 2020-05-09 13:23:15
97.5 dB 2020-05-09 13:23:15
99.6 dB 2020-05-09 13:23:15
67.4 dB 2020-05-09 13:28:06
65.8 dB 2020-05-09 13:27:31
68.0 dB 2020-05-09 13:27:59
106.4 dB 2020-05-09 13:25:40
OBA Duration
0:00:00.0
204
Time History
140
120 100
co 80 "O
.; >
(II
...I 60
40 20
0 13:24 13:2S I 3:26 13:27 13:28 13. 29 13:30 13·3 I 13.32 13 33 LApeak D D dB
8kHz
>-
u lkHz
C: QJ
:::,
er
"- 125Hz
8Hz
13 24 13 2 5 13:26 13:27 13:28 13·29 13:30 13.3 1 1 3·32 0 dB 25 dB 50 dB 75 dB
205
Summary
File Name
Serial Number
Model Firmware Version User
Location
Job Description
Note Measurement Description
Start
Stop
Duration
Run Time
Pause
Pre Calibration Post Calibration
Calibration Deviation
Overall Settings
RMS Weight
Peak Weight
Detector Preamp
Microphone Correction Integration Method
OBA Range
OBA Bandwidth OBA Freq. Weighting OBA Max Spectrum
Gain
Overload
Under Range Peak
Under Range Limit
Noise Floor Results
LAeq
LAE
EA
LApeak (max)
LASmax
LASmin
SEA
LAS> 65.0 dB (Exceedance Counts/ Duration)
831_Data.002
0002509
Model 831
2.301
GT
At 7080 Mayten Ave - Edge of MFR Parking Lot
Mayten & Foothill
2015-09-10 15:54:09 2015-09-10 16:10:10
0:16:00.5 0:16:00.5
0:00:00.0
2015-09-10 15:32:49
None
A Weight ing A Weight ing
Slow
PRM831
Off
Linear
High
1/1 and 1/3
Z Weighting
Bin Max
0.0 dB
143.1 dB
A
75.6 26.1
17.0 C
72.6 26.4
17.3 52.1 dB
81.9 dB
17.242 µPa2h
2015-09-10 16:03:36 98.6 dB 2015-09-10 16:03 :36 2015-09-10 15:54:57 6 dB
74.6 dB
41.3 dB
11.6 s
z
77.6 dB
31.8 dB
22.5 dB
206
LAS > 85.0 dB (Exceedance Counts/ Duration)
LApeak > 135.0 dB (Exceedance Counts/ Duration) LApeak > 137.0 dB (Exceedance Counts/ Duration) LApeak > 140.0 dB (Exceedance Counts/ Duration) Community Noise
LCeq LAeq
LCeq - LAeq
LAleq LAeq LAleq - LAeq
# Overloads
Overload Duration
# OBA Overloads
OBA Overload Duration
Statistics
LAS5.00
LASl0.00 LAS33.30
LASS0.00
LAS66.60 LAS90.00
Calibration History
Preamp
PRM831
PRM831 PRM831 PRM831 PRM831
PRM831 PRM831 PRM831 PRM831 PRM831 PRM831
0 0 0
0 0.0 s 0.0 s 0.0 s 0.0 s
Ldn ':00-23:00 .3:00-07:00 Lden
52,1
65.0 dB
52.1 dB
12.9 dB
61.6 dB
52.1 dB
9.5 dB
0 0.0 s
0 0.0 s
55.0 dB 53.4 dB
49.1 dB 47.1 dB 45.8 dB
43.9 dB
52.1 Date re.1V/Pa
2015-09-10 15:32:49 -25.6 2015-08-14 17:54:36 -26.3 2015-08-05 20:29:18 -24.7 2015-07-24 14:47:10 -25.6 2015-05-05 14:56:20 -25.8 2015-04-22 8:42:55 -26.3
2015-04-17 11:29:03 -26.3
2015-04-17 9:59:48 -26.0 2015-04-17 8:00:28 -26.0
2061-08-11 15:40:00 -26.0
2014-10-15 14:30:38 -26.0
52.1 6.3
73.9 36.4
64.2 60.9 61.2
58.2 21.3
30.6 9.4
44.2 72.4
207
SLM & RTA Summary
File Translated:
Model/Serial Number:
Firmware/Software Revs:
Name:
Descrl:
Descr2:
Setup/Setup Descr:
Location:
13 Jul 2009, 09 :50:31
Z:\Vista Env\2008\081101-Los Banos Wal-Mart\Noise Measurements\5.slmdl 824 / A3176
4.272 / 3. 1 20
Vista Environmental
1021 Didrikson way
Laguna Beach, CA 92651
slm&rta.ssa / SLM & Real-Time Analyzer
10 feet south of Walmart truck loadi ng area
Notel: Note2: Noise from a truck unloading and tra i ler transfer and from mechanical push sweeper Overall Any Da ta
Start Time: 20-Jan-2 009 14:40:19
Elapsed Time: 00:10:00.6
A Weight C Weight Flat
Leq: 63.3 dBA 68.8 dBC 69.5 dBF
SEL: 91.1 dBA 96. 6 dBC 97 .3 dBF
Peak: 90.1 dBA 93.2 dBC 93 .2 dBF
2 0 -Jan-2009 14:43:19 20-Jan-2009 14:41:22 20-Jan-2009 14:41:22 Lmax (slow): 76.4 dBA 79 .3 dBC 80.2 dBF
20-Jan-2009 14:43:19 20-Jan-2009 14: 43 :19 20 -Jan-2009 1 4:43:19 Lmin (slow): 41. 0 dBA 58.0 dBC 59.7 dBF
20-Jan- 2009 14 :41 :35 20 -Jan- 2009 14:42:11 20-Jan-2009 14 :42 : 11 Lmax (fast): 77 .4 dBA 81. 6 dBC 83 .2 dBF
20-Jan-2009 14:43:19 20-Jan-2009 14:43: 19 20-J an- 2009 14:43:19 Lmin (fast): 39 .8 dBA 56.9 dBC 58.8 dBF
20-Jan-2009 14:42:33 20-Jan-2009 14: 42: 11 20-J an-2009 14:42:08 Lmax (impulse ) : 78.8 dBA 84.7 dBC 85.3 dBF
20-Jan-2009 14:44:25 20-Jan-2009 14:41:22 20-Jan-2009 14:41:22 Lmin (impulse ) : 41 . 1 dBA 58 . 5 dBC 61 . 0 dBF
20-Jan-2009 14:42:11 20 -Jan - 2009 14:42:11 20-Jan-2009 14:42 :08 Spectra
Date Ti me Run Time
20-Jan-2009 14:40:19 00:10:00.6
Hz Leql/3 Leql/1 Maxl/3 Maxl/1 Minl/3 Minl/1 Hz Legl/3 Leql/1 Maxl/3 12 .5 52 .8 65 .8 31. 8 630 56 .0 68.6
1 6 . 0 53.6 59.3 65 .4 71. 2 36 .1 39.5 800 54.3 67.2
20.0 56.3 67.7 35.1 1000 52.9 58.3 67. 4 25.0 56 .1 77 .1 39.3 1250 53.4 67 .3
31.5 60 . 2 63.4 77.3 81. 5 38 .9 44.9 1600 53.8 69.4
40.0 58.8 75.6 41.6 2000 53.2 57.7 68.0
50.0 58.3 68.8 4 5 . 6 2500 51.6 65.7
63 .0 58. 5 64 . 0 67. 2 73 . 0 44 . 9 49 . 8 3150 48.5 62 . 2
80.0 60.6 68 . 4 44.4 4000 45 .9 51.7 59 .8
100 57.5 67 . 8 40 .1 5000 45 .8 60 . 9
125 57.0 61. 7 7 0 .6 73.4 41. 3 45.l 6300 43 .6 58 .4
16 0 56.3 66 .2 39 .5 8000 41. 9 46 .8 54. 6
200 52.9 61. 5 35.0 10000 39.9 55.3
250 52.8 56 . 9 62.3 66.4 34.4 38.4 125 00 37.2 52 . 9
315 50.4 60.9 30 .3 16000 33 .0 38.9 48.9
400 52.0 63.8 30 .8 20000 27 .1 44 .0
500 52 .8 58 .7 66.2 71 . 4 27.6 33 . 7
Ln Start Level :
Ll.0 0 0. 0 dBA
LS.DO 0.0 dBA
1 5 dB
L50.00 L90.00
0.0 dBA 0.0 dBA
L95 . 00 L99.00
0 .0 dBA
0.0 dBA
Dete ctor: Slow
Weighting: A
SPL Exceedance Le ve l 1:
SPL Exceedance l evel 2:
Peak-1 Exceedance Level: Peak-2 Exceedance Lev el :
Hysteresis: 2
Overloaded: O time(s)
Paused: 0 times f o r
8 5 .0 dB
120 dB 105 dB
100 dB
00:00:00.0
Exceeded: 0 times
Exceeded: 0 t imes Exceede d: 0 times
Exceeded : 0 times
Maxl/1 Minl/3 Minl/1
27 .4
27.6 72 . l 26.7 31. 6
26.2 25.0
7 2 . 7 21. 3 27.2
18.9 17.4
65.8 15. 8 21. 0
1 5 . 0
14. 7
61. 2 15.0 19. 9
15.5 15. 9
54.7 17.3 22.4
19. 0
208
SLM & RTA Summary 13 Jul 200 9, 09:50:31
File Translated: Z:\Vista Env\2008\081 101-Los Banos Wal -Mart\Noise Measuremen ts\ 5.slmdl Model/Serial Number, 824 / A3176
Current Any Data
Start Time:
Elapsed Time:
Leq:
SEL:
Peak:
20-Jan-2009
Lmax (slow) :
20-Jan-20 09
Lmin (slow):
2 0 -Jan- 2009
Lmax (fast) :
20-·Jan-2009
Lmin (fast):
2 0-Jan -2009
Lmax (impul se),
20-Jan-2009
Lmin (impulse) :
2 0-Jan- 2009
Calibrated: Checked:
calibrator
20-Jan-2009 14:40:19
00:10:00.6
A Weight
63.3 dBA
91. 1 dBA 90.1 dBA
14:43:19 20-Jan- 2009
76.4 dBA
14:43:19 2 0-Jan-2009
41. 0 dBA
14:41:35 20-Jan-2009
77 .4 dBA
14: 43: 1 9 20-Jan-2 00 9
39 . 8 dBA
14:42:33 2 0 -Jan-2009
78.8 dBA
14:44:25 20-Jan-2009
41. 1 dBA
14:42:11 20-Jan-2009
20-Jan- 2009 08:31: 0 9
20 -Jan-2009 08 :31: 09
not set
C Weight
68.8 dBC
96 .6 dBC
93.2 dBC
14:41:22
79.3 dBC
14:43:19
58 . 0 dBC
14:42:11
81. 6 dBC
14:43:19
56.9 dBC
14:42:11
84.7 dBC
14:41:22
58 . 5 dBC
14:42:11
Cal Records Count: 0
Interval Records: Disabled
History Records: Disabled
Run/Stop Records:
Flat
69.5 dBF
97.3 dBF 93.2 dBF
20-J a n -2009 14:41:22
80.2 dBF
20-Jan-2009 14: 43:19
59.7 dBF
20-Jan-200 9 14:42:11
83.2 dBF
20 -Jan-2 009 14:43:19
58 . 8 dBF
2 0 -Jan-2009 14:42:08
85 .3 dBF
20-Jan-2 009 14: 4 1:22
61. 0 dBF
20 -J a n-2009 14:42:08
Offset:
Level: Level :
-49 .2 dB
94 .0 dB
94 .0 dB
Number I nterval Records:
Number Histor y Records: Numb er Run/Stop Record s:
0 0
2
209
SLM & RTA Summary 22 May 2011, 15:14 :22
File Translated:
Model/Serial Number:
V:\Vist a En v\2010\10022 -Fresno Walmart\Noise Measurements\LD\ 10.slmdl 824 / A3176
Firmware/Software Revs:
Name:
Descrl : Descr2:
Setup/Setup Descr:
Locat ion:
Notel:
4.283 / 3.120
1021 Didrikson Way
Laguna Beach, CA 92651
slm&rta.ssa / SLM & Real-Time Analy zer
At pallet stacking area on north side o f Walmart Approx. 10' from operational f o rklift Note2: 70F, 29. 43 in Hg, 27% Humid., 4 mph wind, partly cloudy Overall Any Data
Start Time:
Elapsed Time:
Leg:
SEL:
Peak:
18 -Ma y -2011
Lmax (sl ow):
18-May -2 011
Lmin (slow):
18-May- 2011
Lma x (fast):
18-May-2011
Lmin (fas t) :
18 - May - 2011
Lmax (impulse) :
18-May-2011
Lmin { impulse) :
18-May-2011
Spe ctra
Date
18 - May-2011 17 :21:20
00 : 04:00.7
A Weight C We ight
74 . 4 dBA 80. 5 dBC
98.2 dBA 104 . 3 dBC
108 . 4 dBA 109 .l dBC
17 : 24:51 18 - May-2011 17 : 2 4:44
87.9 dBA 90.9 dBC
17: 24: 4 9 18 -May- 2011 17:24:49
62.8 dBA 68 .6 dBC
17:21:34 18-May-2011 17 :21:33
91. 7 dBA 93. 9 dBC
17 :24:48 18 - May-2011 17 : 24: 48
59 .2 dBA 67 .1 dBC
17:21:28 18-May-2011 17:21:30
9 4. 3 dBA 96 . 2 dBC
17:24:51 18-May- 2011 17:24:44
63.1 dBA 69.1 dBC
17:23 : 23 18-May-2011 17 : 21 :33
Time Run Time
18-May-2011 17:21:20 00:04: 0 0. 7
Hz Leql/3 Leql/1 Maxl/3 Maxl /1 Minl/3 Minl / 1
12.5 63 . 2 76 . 2 39.0
16 .0 60.8 66 .2 73 .2 78.3 41. 6 45.6
20.0 59 .6 6 7.5 41. 5
25 .0 62 .7 70 . D 44.6
31. 5 67 . 6 72. 5 68 .8 73. 9 46.6 51.1
4 0 . 0 70.0 68 .5 47.3
50 .0 70.4 68 .1 48.0
63 . 0 71. 6 76.2 83 . 2 86 .2 51.8 5 5 .4
80.0 72.1 8 3. 1 51. 2
100 68. 5 73.7 51.0
125 68.7 73 .9 77 . 6 82.2 50.3 54 . 9
160 70. l 79.2 48. 9
Flat
81. 0 dBF
104. 8 dBF
1 09. 1 dBF
18-Ma y -2011 17 :24 :48
91. 0 dBF
18-Ma y - 2011 17:24:49
69.7 dBF
18-May-2011 17 :21 :33
9 4. 0 dBF
18 - Ma y- 2011 17 : 24 :48
6 8 . 2 dBF
18-May-2011 17:21:30
96 . 3 dBF
18 -Ma y-20 11 17:24:48
70 .4 dBF
18-May-2011 17:21:33
Hz Leq l / 3 Leql/1 Maxl/ 3
630 67 .7 84.8
800 64.6 83.9
1000 63. 1 68.6 82 . 1 1250 63 . 6 79. 1
1600 6 3 .8 79 . 9
2000 61. 7 66 . 9 8 1. 9 2500 60 .1 77.6
3150 6 3 .4 76 . 7
4 00 0 53.5 64 . 2 73 . 4
500 0 53 . 5 74 .0
630 0 4 9 . 8 6 9.2
800 0 4 7.2 52 .2 66 . 0
2 00 68.l 77 . 5 51.5 10000 4 2 .4 5 9. 4
250 63.4 69 . 9
315 60. 2
400 65.6
500 69 .l 72 .5
Ln Start Level :
Ll.00 o.o dBA
LS . 00 0 . 0 dBA
Detecto r: Slow
Weighting: A
SPL Exceedance Level 1 : SPL Exceedance level 2 :
Peak•l Exceedance Level :
Peak-2 Exceeda nce Leve l:
Hysteresis: 2
Overloaded: o time(sJ
73.7 80 . 0 73.2 78.8
85. 1 88 .5
15 dB
LS0 .0 0 L90. 00
85.0 dB
120 dB
105 dB 100 dB
Paused: O times for 00:00 : 00.0
46 .3 53.3 12500 39.5 5 7.8
45.0 16000 34.8 41.1 52.6 48. 7 20000 30.1 48.9
48 . 5 52.6
0 . 0 dBA L95 . 00 0 . 0 dBA
0 . 0 dBA L99.00 0 . 0 dBA
E:xce eded: 1 times Exceeded : 0 times
Exceeded : 4 t imes
E:xceeded: 4 t imes
Maxl/1
8 6. 9
8 4 .9
79 . 7 71 . 2
59 . 4
Minl/3 Minl /1
45 . 8
47.6 46.7 52 . 4 48.4
48 . 8
46.3 51.4
4 2 .6
41.0 36 .6 43.3 36 . 4
32.9 30 . 3 35 . 3
25 . 8 24. 0
23 . 0 27.7
21. 3
210
SLM & RTA Summary 22 May 2011, 15:14:22
File Translated: V: \ Vista Env\ 2010\10022-Fresno Walmart\Noise Measurements\LD\10.slmdl Model/Serial Number: 824 / A3176
Current Any Data
Start Time:
Elapsed Time:
Leq:
SEL :
18-May-2011 17:21:20
0 0 :04:00 . 7
A Wei ght
74.4 dBA
C Weight
80.5 dBC
98.2 dBA 1 04 . 3 dBC
Peak: 108 .4 dBA 109 .l dBC
18-May- 2 0 11
Lmax {slow):
18-May- 2011
Lmin (slow) :
18 -May -2011
Lmax (fast) :
18 -May- 2 011
Lmin (fast) :
18-May-2011
Lmax (impulse) :
18-May - 2011
Lmin (impulse):
18-May-2011
Calibrated:
Checked :
Calibrator
1 7 :24:51 18-May-2011
87.9 dBA
17:24: 49 18 -May-2011
62.8 dBA
17:21:34 18 - May-2011
91. 7 dBA
17 :24:48 18-May-2011
5 9.2 dBA
17 :21:28 18-May -2 011
9 4. 3 dBA
17:24:51 18 -May- 2 011
63 . 1 dBA
17:23:23 18 -May-2011
18-May-20 11 13: 09 : 02
19 -May-2011 06 :46:08
not set
Cal Records Count: 0
Interval Re cords:
History Records: Run/stop Records:
Disabled
Disabled
17:24:44
9 0 . 9 d BC
17:24:49
6 8 .6 dBC
17:21:33
93 .9 dBC
17 :24: 48
67.1 dBC
17 :21: 30
96 . 2 dBC
17 :24:44
69.1 dBC
17:21:33
Flat
81. 0 dBF
104 . 8 dBF
109 .1 dBF
18 -May-2011 17:24 :48
91. 0 dBF
18-Ma y -2011 17 :24:49
69. 7 dBF
18 - May-2011 17:21 : 33
94. 0 dBF
18 -May-2011 17:24 :48
68 .2 dBF'
18-May-2011 17 : 21:30
96 .3 dBF
18-May- 2011 17:24:48
7 0 .4 dBF
18-May-2011 17 :21 : 33
Offset: - 48.2 dB
Le vel : 1 13. 9 dB
Level: 114.0 dB
Number Interval Recor ds : Number History Records: Number Run/Stop Records :
0 0
2
211
AIR QUALITY AND GREENHOUSE G AS EMISSIONS
IMPACT ANALYSIS
17600 CRUSADER AVENUE WAREHOUSE PROJECT
CITY OF CERRITOS
lead Agency:
City of Cerritos
Department of Community Development
18125 Bloomfield Avenue
Cerritos, CA 90703
Prepared by:
Vista Environmental
1021 Didrickson Way
Laguna Beach, CA 92651
949 510 5355
Greg Tonkovich, AICP
Project No. 22043
December 1, 2022
EXHIBIT 16
Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Analysis - 2022 Development Map Amendment 2026-2
Conditional Use Permit 2026-2
212
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives ................................................................................. 1
1.2 Site Locations and Study Area .................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Proposed Project Description .................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Project Design Features Incorporated into the Proposed Project ............................................. 3
1.6 Mitigation Measures for the Proposed Project ......................................................................... 3
2.0 Air Pollutants ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Criteria Pollutants and Ozone Precursors .................................................................................. 6
2.2 Other Pollutants of Concern ...................................................................................................... 8
3.0 Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................................................. 10
3.1 Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Global Warming Potential. ....................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory ...................................................................................... 13
4.0 Air Quality Management ....................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Federal- United States Environmental Protection Agency ..................................................... 14
4.2 State - California Air Resources Board .................................................................................... 17
4.3 Regional - Southern California ................................................................................................ 18
4.4 Local- City of Cerritos ............................................................................................................. 21
5.0 Global Climate Change Management ..................................................................................... 23
5.1 International ............................................................................................................................ 23 5.2 Federal - United States Environmental Protection Agency ..................................................... 23
5.3 State ......................................................................................................................................... 24
5.4 Regional - Southern California ................................................................................................ 31
5.5 Local -City of Cerritos ............................................................................................................. 32
6.0 Atmospheric Setting .............................................................................................................. 33
6.1 South Coast Air Basin ............................................................................................................... 33
6.2 Local Climate ............................................................................................................................ 33
6.3 Monitored Local Air Quality ..................................................................................................... 34
6.4 Toxic Air Contaminant Levels in the Air Basin ......................................................................... 36
7.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions ................................................................................. 38
7.1 CalEEMod Model Input Parameters ........................................................................................ 38
8.0 Thresholds of Significance ...................................................................................................... 43
8.1 Regional Air Quality ................................................................................................................. 43
8.2 Local Air Quality ....................................................................................................................... 43 8.3 Toxic Air Contaminants ............................................................................................................ 44
8.4 Odor Impacts ............................................................................................................................ 44 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
8.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...................................................................................................... 45
9.0 Impact Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 46
9.1 CEQA Thresholds of Significance .............................................................................................. 46
9.2 Air Quality Compliance ............................................................................................................ 46
9.3 Cumulative Net Increase in Non-Attainment Pollution ........................................................... 47
9.4 Sensitive Receptors .................................................................................................................. 54
9.5 Odor Emissions ........................................................................................................................ 57
9.6 Generation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................................... 58
9.7 Greenhouse Gas Plan Consistency ........................................................................................... 59
10.0 References ............................................................................................................................. 60
APPENDICES
Appendix A - CalEEMod Model Daily Printouts
Appendix B - CalEEMod Model Annual Printouts
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-Project Local Study Area .............................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2 - Proposed Site Plan ....................................................................................................................... 5
LIST OF TABLES
Table A - Global Warming Potentials, Atmospheric Lifetimes and Abundances of GHGs ......................... 12 Table B - State and Federal Criteria Pollutant Standards ........................................................................... 14 Table C- National Air Quality Standards Attainment Status -South Coast Air Basin ............................... 16 Table D - California Ambient Air Quality Standards Attainment Status-South Coast Air Basin .............. 17 Table E - Monthly Climate Data ................................................................................................................. 34 Table F - Local Area Air Quality Monitoring Summary ............................................................................... 35 Table G - CalEEMod Land Use Parameters ................................................................................................. 38 Table H - Operation of Proposed Project Inventory of Vehicle Trips ......................................................... 41 Table I - Operation of Proposed Project Fleet Mix ..................................................................................... 41 Table J - SCAQMD Regional Criteria Pollutant Emission Thresholds of Significance ................................. 43 Table K - SCAQMD Local Air Quality Thresholds of Significance ................................................................ 44 Table L- Construction-Related Regional Criteria Pollutant Emissions ....................................................... 49 Table M - Construction-Related Local Criteria Pollutant Emissions ........................................................... 50 Table N - Operational Regional Criteria Pollutant Emissions ..................................................................... 51 Table O - Operations-Related Local Criteria Pollutant Emissions .............................................................. 54 Table P - Project Related Greenhouse Gas Annual Emissions ................................................................... 58 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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AB
AQMP
BACT
BSFC
CAAQS CalEEMod CalEPA
CAPCOA
CARB
CEC
CEQA
CFCs Cf4
CH4
City
co
DPM
EPA
FTIP
GHG
GWP
HAP
HFCs
IPCC
kWhr
LCFS LST
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Assembly Bill Air Quality Management Plan
Best Available Control Technology Brake Specific Fuel Consumption California Ambient Air Quality Standards
California Emissions Estimator Model
California Environmental Protection Agency California Air Pollution Control Officers Association California Air Resources Board
California Energy Commission California Environmental Quality Act chlorofluorocarbons
tetrafluoromethane
hexaflu oroetha ne
Methane
City of Cerritos
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide equivalent
Diesel particulate matter
Environmental Protection Agency
Fahrenheit Federal Transportation Improvement Program
Greenhouse gas
Global warming potential
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Hydrofluorocarbons
International Panel on Climate Change
kilow att-hour
Low Carbon Fuel Standard
Localized Significant Thresholds
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MATES MMTCO2e MPO
MWh NAAQS
NOx
NO2
OPR
Pfc PM
PM10 PM2.5
PPM
PPB PPT
RTIP RTP/SCS
SB
SCAQMD
SCAG
SF5 SIP
SOx
TAC
UNFCCC
voe
Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study
Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
Metropolitan Planning Organization
Megawatt-hour
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen dioxide
Office of Planning and Research
Perfluorocarbons Particle matter
Particles that are less than 10 micrometers in diameter Particles that are less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter Parts per million Parts per billion Parts per trillion
Regional Transportation Improvement Plan
Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy Senate Bill South Coast Air Quality Management District Southern California Association of Governments
Sulfur Hexafluoride
State Implementation Plan
Sulfur oxides
Toxic air contaminants
United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change
Volatile organic compounds
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives
This Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Impact Analysis has been completed to determine the air quality and GHG emissions impacts associated with the proposed 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse project (proposed project). The following is provided in this report:
• A description of the proposed project;
• A description of the atmospheric setting;
• A description of the criteria pollutants and GHGs;
• A description of the air quality regulatory framework; • A description of the GHG emissions regulatory framework; • A description of the air quality and GHG emissions thresholds including the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) significance thresholds; • An analysis of the conformity of the proposed project with the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP); • An analysis of the short-term construction related and long-term operational air quality and GHG emissions impacts; and
• An analysis of the conformity of the proposed project with all applicable GHG emissions reduction plans and policies.
1.2 Site Locations and Study Area
The project site is located at 17600 Crusader Avenue in the City of Cerritos (City). There is an existing industrial building located on the project site. The approximately 3.93-acre project site is bounded an abandoned railroad right-of-way and Artesia Boulevard to the north, Interstate 605 to the east, industrial uses to the south, and Valley Christian High School to the west. The project local study area is shown in Figure 1.
Sensitive Receptors in Project Vicinity
The nearest sensitive receptor to the project site is Valley Christian High School that is located adjacent to the west side of the project site and where the nearest classrooms are located as near as 80 feet to the west of the project site.
1.3 Proposed Project Description
The proposed project consists of the demolition of the existing industrial building and construct a 75,514 square foot warehouse building, which includes 6,000 square feet of office area and ten (10) truck loading dock bays. The proposed project would include 66 automobile parking spaces located in two parking areas on the north and south sides of the project site. The proposed site plan is shown in Figure 2. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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1.4 Executive Summary
Standard Air Quality and GHG Regulatory Conditions
The proposed project will be required to comply with the following regulatory conditions from the SCAQMD and State of California (State).
South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules
The following lists the SCAQMD rules that are applicable, but not limited to the proposed project. • Rule 402 Nuisance - Controls the emissions of odors and other air contaminants; • Rule 403 Fugitive Dust - Controls the emissions of fugitive dust; • Rules 1108 and 1108.1 Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt- Controls the VOC content in asphalt; • Rule 1113 Architectural Coatings - Controls the VOC content in paints and solvents; and • Rule 1143 Paint Thinners - Controls the voe content in paint thinners. • Rule 1403 Asbestos Removal - Regulates asbestos emissions from demolition activities.
State of California Rules
The following lists the State of California Code of Regulations (CCR) air quality emission rules that are applicable, but not limited to the proposed project.
• CCR Title 13, Article 4.8, Chapter 9, Section 2449 - In use Off-Road Diesel Vehicles; • CCR Title 13, Section 2025 - On-Road Diesel Truck Fleets; • CCR Title 24 Part 6- California Building Energy Standards; and • CCR Title 24 Part 11-California Green Building Standards.
Summary of Analysis Results
The following is a summary of the proposed project's impacts with regard to the State CEQA Guidelines air quality and GHG emissions checklist questions.
Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? Less than significant impact.
Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project.region is non-attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard? Less than significant impact.
Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? Less than significant impact.
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Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people?
Less than significant impact.
Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
Less than significant impact.
Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs?
less than significant impact.
1.5 Project Design Features Incorporated into the Proposed Project This analysis was based on implementation of the following project design feature that the project applicant has committed to implementing. According to Forklift Market Analysis, 2016-2027, prepared by Grand View Research, 2019, currently two-thirds of all new forklifts sold will be electric-powered and by 2027 three-quarter of all new forklifts will be electric-powered. As such Project Design Feature 1 is based on current market trends, as it would not be cost-effective to install the diesel tanks onsite for the limited duration of use of diesel-powered equipment onsite.
Project Design Feature 1:
All off-road equipment (non-street legal), such as forklifts and street sweepers, used onsite for warehouse operations shall be powered by alternative fuels, electrical batteries or other alternative/non-diesel fuels (e.g., propane or compressed natural gas (CNG)) that do not emit diesel particulate matter, and that are low or zero emissions.
1.6 Mitigation Measures for the Proposed Project
This analysis found that implementation of the State and SCAQMD air quality and GHG emissions reductions regulations detailed in Section 1.4 above and implementation of Project Design Feature 1 detailed above in Section 1.5 would limit criteria pollutants, toxic air contaminants, odors, and GHG emissions from the proposed project to less than significant levels. No mitigation measures are required for the proposed project with respect to air quality and GHG emissions. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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2.0 AIR POLLUTANTS
Air pollutants are generally classified as either criteria pollutants or non-criteria pollutants. Federal ambient air quality standards have been established for criteria pollutants, whereas no ambient standards have been established for non-criteria pollutants. For some criteria pollutants, separate standards have been set for different periods. Most standards have been set to protect public health. For some pollutants, standards have been based on other values (such as protection of crops, protection of materials, or avoidance of nuisance conditions). A summary of federal and state ambient air quality standards is provided in the Regulatory Framework section.
2.1 Criteria Pollutants and Ozone Precursors
The criteria pollutants consist of: ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), CO, sulfur oxides (SOx), lead, and particulate matter (PM). The ozone precursors consist of NOx and VOC. These pollutants can harm your health and the environment, and cause property damage. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) calls these pollutants "criteria" air pollutants because it regulates them by developing human healthbased and/or environmentally-based criteria for setting permissible levels. The following provides descriptions of each of the criteria pollutants and ozone precursors.
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx is the generic term for a group of highly reactive gases which contain nitrogen and oxygen. While most NOx are colorless and odorless, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can often be seen as a reddish-brown layer over many urban areas. NOx form when fuel is burned at high temperatures, as in a combustion process. The primary man made sources of NO, are motor vehicles, electric utilities, and other industrial, commercial, and residential sources that burn fuel. NOx reacts with other pollutants to form, ground-level ozone, nitrate particles, acid aerosols, as well as NO2, which cause respiratory problems. NO, and the pollutants formed from NOx can be transported over long distances, following the patterns of prevailing winds. Therefore, controlling NOx is often most effective if done from a regional perspective, rather than focusing on the nearest sources.
Ozone
Ozone is not usually emitted directly into the air, instead it is created by a chemical reaction between NOx and VOC in the presence of sunlight. Motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, chemical solvents as well as natural sources emit NOx and VOC that help form ozone. Ground-level ozone is the primary constituent of smog. Sunlight and hot weather cause ground-level ozone to form with the greatest concentrations usually occurring downwind from urban areas. Ozone is subsequently considered a regional pollutant. Ground-level ozone is a respiratory irritant and an oxidant that increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and can cause substantial damage to vegetation and other materials. Because NOx and voe are ozone precursors, the health effects associated with ozone are also indirect health effects associated with significant levels of NOx and voe emissions.
Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that is formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely. It is a component of motor vehicle exhaust, which contributes approximately 56 percent of all CO emissions nationwide. In cities, 85 to 95 percent of all CO emissions may come from motor vehicle exhaust. Other sources of CO emissions include industrial processes (such as metals processing and chemical manufacturing}, residential wood burning, and natural sources such as forest fires. Woodstoves, 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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gas stoves, cigarette smoke, and unvented gas and kerosene space heaters are indoor sources of CO. The highest levels of CO in the outside air typically occur during the colder months of the year when inversion conditions are more frequent. The air pollution becomes trapped near the ground beneath a layer of warm air. CO is described as having only a local influence because it dissipates quickly. Since CO concentrations are strongly associated with motor vehicle emissions, high CO concentrations generally occur in the immediate vicinity of roadways with high traffic volumes and traffic congestion, active parking lots, and in automobile tunnels. Areas adjacent to heavily traveled and congested intersections are particularly susceptible to high CO concentrations.
CO is a public health concern because it combines readily with hemoglobin and thus reduces the amount of oxygen transported in the bloodstream. The health threat from lower levels of CO is most serious for those who suffer from heart disease such as angina, clogged arteries, or congestive heart failure. For a person with heart disease, a single exposure to CO at low levels may cause chest pain and reduce that person's ability to exercise; repeated exposures may contribute to other cardiovascular effects. High levels of CO can affect even healthy people. People who breathe high levels of CO can develop vision problems, reduced ability to work or learn, reduced manual dexterity, and difficulty performing complex tasks. At extremely high levels, CO is poisonous and can cause death.
Sulfur Oxides
SOx gases are formed when fuel containing sulfur, such as coal and oil is burned, as well as from the refining of gasoline. SOx dissolves easily in water vapor to form acid and interacts with other gases and particles in the air to form sulfates and other products that can be harmful to people and the environment.
Lead
Lead is a metal found naturally in the environment as well as manufactured products. The major sources of lead emissions have historically been motor vehicles and industrial sources. Due to the phase out of leaded gasoline, metal processing is now the primary source of lead emissions to the air. High levels of lead in the air are typically only found near lead smelters, waste incinerators, utilities, and lead-acid battery manufacturers. Exposure of fetuses, infants and children to low levels of lead can adversely affect the development and function of the central nervous system, leading to learning disorders, distractibifity, inability to follow simple commands, and lower intelligence quotient. In adults, increased lead levels are associated with increased blood pressure.
Particulate Matter
PM is the term for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. PM is made up of a number of components including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. The size of particles is directly finked to their potential for causing health problems.
Particles that are less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PMlO) that are also known as Respirable Particulate Matter are the particles that generally pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs.
Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects. Particles that are fess than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) that are also known as Fine Particulate Matter have been designated as a subset of PMlO due to their increased negative health impacts and its ability to remain suspended in the air longer and travel further.
Volatile Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons are organic gases that are formed from hydrogen and carbon and sometimes other elements. Hydrocarbons that contribute to formation of ozone are referred to and regulated as voes (also 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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referred to as reactive organic gases). Combustion engine exhaust, oil refineries, and fossil-fueled power plants are the sources of hydrocarbons. Other sources of hydrocarbons include evaporation from petroleum fuels, solvents, dry cleaning solutions, and paint. voe is not classified as a criteria pollutant, since VOCs by themselves are not a known source of adverse health effects. The primary health effects of VO Cs resu It from the formation of ozone and its related health effects. High levels ofVOCs in the atmosphere can interfere with oxygen intake by reducing the amount of available oxygen through displacement. Carcinogenic forms of hydrocarbons, such as benzene, are considered TACs. There are no separate health standards for VOCs as a group.
2.2 Other Pollutants of Concern
Toxic Air Contaminants
In addition to the above-listed criteria pollutants, TACs are another group of pollutants of concern. TACs is a term that is defined under the California Clean Air Act and consists of the same substances that are defined as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in the Federal Clean Air Act. There are over 700 hundred different types of TACs with varying degrees of toxicity. Sources ofTACs include industrial processes such as petroleum refining and chrome plating operations, commercial operations such as gasoline stations and dry cleaners, and motor vehicle exhaust. Cars and trucks release at least 40 different toxic air contaminants. The most important of these TACs, in terms of health risk, are diesel particulates, benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and acetaldehyde. Public exposure to TACs can result from emissions from normal operations as well as from accidental releases. Health effects ofTACs include cancer, birth defects, neurological damage, and death.
TACs are less pervasive in the urban atmosphere than criteria air pollutants, however they are linked to short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic or carcinogenic) adverse human health effects. There are hundreds of different types of TACs with varying degrees of toxicity. Sources of TACs include industrial processes, commercial operations (e.g., gasoline stations and dry cleaners), and motor vehicle exhaust.
According to The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality 2013 Edition, the majority of the estimated health risk from TACs can be attributed to relatively few compounds, the most important of which is DPM. DPM is a subset of PM2.5 because the size of diesel particles are typically 2.5 microns and smaller. The identification of DPM as a TAC in 1998 led the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to adopt the Risk Reduction Plan to Reduce Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel-fueled Engines and Vehicles in September 2000. The plan's goals are a 75-percent reduction in DPM by 2010 and an 85-percent reduction by 2020 from the 2000 baseline. Diesel engines emit a complex mixture of air pollutants, composed of gaseous and solid material. The visible emissions in diesel exhaust are known as particulate matter or PM, which includes carbon particles or "soot." Diesel exhaust also contains a variety of harmful gases and over 40 other cancer-causing substances. California's identification of DPM as a toxic air contaminant was based on its potential to cause cancer, premature deaths, and other health problems.
Exposure to DPM is a health hazard, particularly to children whose lungs are still developing and the elderly who may have other serious health problems. Overall, diesel engine emissions are responsible for the majority of California's potential airborne cancer risk from combustion sources.
Asbestos
Asbestos is listed as a TAC by CARB and as a HAP by the EPA. Asbestos occurs naturally in mineral formations and crushing or breaking these rocks, through construction or other means, can release 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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asbestiform fibers into the air. Asbestos emissions can result from the sale or use of asbestos-containing materials, road surfacing with such materials, grading activities, and surface mining. The risk of disease is dependent upon the intensity and duration of exposure. When inhaled, asbestos fibers may remain in the lungs and with time may be linked to such diseases as asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. The nearest likely locations of naturally occurring asbestos, as identified in the General Location Guide for U/tramafic Rocks in California, prepared by the California Division of Mines and Geology, is located in Santa Barbara County. The nearest historic asbestos mine to the project site, as identified in the Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Other Natural Occurrences of Asbestos in California, prepared by U.S. Geological Survey, is located at Asbestos Mountain, which is approximately 95 miles east of the project site in the San Jacinto Mountains. Due to the distance to the nearest natural occurrences of asbestos, the project site is not likely to contain asbestos.
In addition to naturally occurring asbestos, asbestos was used extensively in building construction from the early 1940s through the 1970s as highly-effective and inexpensive fire-retardant material and thermal and acoustic insulator. Asbestos is most commonly found as thermal insulation on pipes, but also may be found in certain types of floor and ceiling tiles. There are two types of asbestos: "friable" and "nonfriable." Friable asbestos generally contains more than 1 percent asbestos by weight or area, and can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the pressure of an ordinary human hand, which releases fibers. Non friable asbestos generally contains more than 1 percent asbestos but cannot be pulverized under hand pressure and generally does not release asbestos fibers. Due to the age of the existing onsite building, the project site has a potential to contain asbestos, which is analyzed below in Section 9.4 of this Report.
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3.0 GREENHOUSE GASES
3.1 Greenhouse Gases
Constituent gases of the Earth's atmosphere, called atmospheric GHGs, play a critical role in the Earth's radiation amount by trapping infrared radiation from the Earth's surface, which otherwise would have escaped to space. Prominent greenhouse gases contributing to this process include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone, water vapor, nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This phenomenon, known as the Greenhouse Effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate.
Anthropogenic (caused or produced by humans) emissions of these greenhouse gases in excess of natural ambient concentrations are responsible for the enhancement of the Greenhouse Effect and have led to a trend of unnatural warming of the Earth's natural climate, known as global warming or climate change.
Emissions of gases that induce global warming are attributable to human activities associated with industrial/manufacturing, agriculture, utilities, transportation, and residential land uses. Emissions of CO2 and N2O are byproducts of fossil fuel combustion. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, results from offgassing associated with agricultural practices and landfills. Sinks of CO2, where CO2 is stored outside of the atmosphere, include uptake by vegetation and dissolution into the ocean. The following provides a description of each of the greenhouse gases and their global warming potential.
Water Vapor
Water vapor is the most abundant, important, and variable GHG in the atmosphere. Water vapor is not considered a pollutant; in the atmosphere it maintains a climate necessary for life. Changes in its concentration are primarily considered a result of climate feedbacks related to the warming of the atmosphere rather than a direct result of industrialization. The feedback loop in which water is involved is critically important to projecting future climate change. As the temperature of the atmosphere rises, more water is evaporated from ground storage (rivers, oceans, reservoirs, soil). Because the air is warmer, the relative humidity can be higher (in essence, the air is able to "hold" more water when it is warmer), leading to more water vapor in the atmosphere. As a GHG, the higher concentration of water vapor is then able to absorb more thermal indirect energy radiated from the Earth, thus further warming the atmosphere. The warmer atmosphere can then hold more water vapor and so on and so on. This is referred to as a "positive feedback loop." The extent to which this positive feedback loop wiff continue is unknown as there is also dynamics that put the positive feedback loop in check. As an example, when water vapor increases in the atmosphere, more of it will eventually also condense into clouds, which are more able to reflect incoming solar radiation (thus allowing less energy to reach the Earth's surface and heat it up).
Carbon Dioxide
The natural production and absorption of CO2 is achieved through the terrestrial biosphere and the ocean.
However, humankind has altered the natural carbon cycle by burning coal, oil, natural gas, and wood.
Since the industrial revolution began in the mid-1700s, each of these activities has increased in scale and distribution. CO2 was the first GHG demonstrated to be increasing in atmospheric concentration with the first conclusive measurements being made in the last half of the 20th century. Prior to the industrial revolution, concentrations were fairly stable at 280 parts per million (ppm). The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that concentrations were 379 ppm in 2005, an increase of more than 30 percent Left unchecked, the IPCC projects that concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is projected to increase to a minimum of 540 ppm by 2100 as a direct result of anthropogenic sources. This 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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could result in an average global temperature rise of at least two degrees Celsius or 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
Methane
CH4 is an extremely effective absorber of radiation, although its atmospheric concentration is less than that of CO2. Its lifetime in the atmosphere is brief (10 to 12 years), compared to some other GHGs (such as CO2, N20, and CFCs). CH4 has both natural and anthropogenic sources. It is released as part of the biological processes in low oxygen environments, such as in swamplands or in rice production (at the roots of the plants). Over the last SO years, human activities such as growing rice, raising cattle, using natural gas, and mining coal have added to the atmospheric concentration of methane. Other anthropocentric sources include fossil-fuel combustion and biomass burning.
Nitrous Oxide
Concentrations of NzO also began to rise at the beginning of the industrial revolution. In 1998, the global concentration of this GHG was documented at 314 parts per billion (ppb). N20 is produced by microbial processes in soil and water, including those reactions which occur in fertilizer containing nitrogen. In addition to agricultural sources, some industrial processes (fossil fuel-fired power plants, nylon production, nitric acid production, and vehicle emissions) also contribute to its atmospheric load. N20 is also commonly used as an aerosol spray propellant (i.e., in whipped cream bottles, in potato chip bags to keep chips fresh, and in rocket engines and race cars).
Chlorofluorocarbons
CFCs are gases formed synthetically by replacing all hydrogen atoms in methane or ethane with chlorine and/or fluorine atoms. CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable, insoluble, and chemically unreactive in the troposphere (the level of air at the Earth's surface). CFCs have no natural source, but were first synthesized in 1928. They were used for refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and cleaning solvents. Due to the discovery that they are able to destroy stratospheric ozone, a global effort to halt their production was undertaken and in 1989 the European Community agreed to ban CFCs by 2000 and subsequent treaties banned CFCs worldwide by 2010. This effort was extremely successful, and the levels of the major CFCs are now remaining level or declining. However, their long atmospheric lifetimes mean that some of the CFCs will remain in the atmosphere for over 100 years.
Hydrofluorocarbons
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic man-made chemicals that are used as a substitute for CFCs. Out of all the GHGs, they are one of three groups with the highest global warming potential. The HFCs with the largest measured atmospheric abundances are (in order), HFC-23 (CHF3), HFC-134a (CF3 CHzF), and HFC-152a (CH3CHF2). Prior to 1990, the only significant emissions were HFC-23. HFC-134a use is increasing due to its use as a refrigerant. Concentrations of HFC-23 and HFC-134a in the atmosphere are now about 10 parts per trillion (ppt) each. Concentrations of HFC-152a are about 1 ppt. HFCs are man made for applications such as automobile air conditioners and refrigerants.
Perfluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have stable molecular structures and do not break down through the chemical processes in the lower atmosphere. High-energy ultraviolet rays about 60 kilometers above Earth's surface are able to destroy the compounds. Because of this, PFCs have very long lifetimes, between 10,000 and 50,000 years. Two common PFCs are tetrafluoromethane (CF4 ) and hexafluoroethane (C2 F6 ). 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Concentrations of CF4 in the atmosphere are over 70 ppt. The two main sources of PFCs are primary aluminum production and semiconductor manufacturing.
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF5) is an inorganic, odorless, colorless, nontoxic, nonflammable gas. SF6 has the highest global warming potential of any gas evaluated; 23,900 times that of CO2. Concentrations in the 1990s were about 4 ppt. Sulfur hexafluoride is used for insulation in electric power transmission and distribution equipment, in the magnesium industry, in semiconductor manufacturing, and as a tracer gas for leak detection.
Aerosols
Aerosols are particles emitted into the air through burning biomass (plant material) and fossil fuels.
Aerosols can warm the atmosphere by absorbing and emitting heat and can cool the atmosphere by reflecting light. Cloud formation can also be affected by aerosols. Sulfate aerosols are emitted when fuel containing sulfur is burned. Black carbon (or soot) is emitted during biomass burning due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Particulate matter regulation has been lowering aerosol concentrations in the United States; however, global concentrations are likely increasing.
3.2 Global Warming Potential
GHGs have varying global warming potential (GWP). The GWP is the potential of a gas or aerosol to trap heat in the atmosphere; it is the cumulative radiative forcing effects of a gas over a specified time horizon resulting from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to the reference gas, CO2. The GHGs listed by the IPCC and the CEQA Guidelines are discussed in this section in order of abundance in the atmosphere.
Water vapor, the most abundant GHG, is not included in this list because its natural concentrations and fluctuations far outweigh its anthropogenic (human-made) sources. To simplify reporting and analysis, GHGs are commonly defined in terms of their GWP. The IPCC defines the GWP of various GHG emissions on a normalized scale that recasts all GHG emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). As such, the GWP of CO2 is equal to 1. The GWP values used in this analysis are based on the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, which are used in CARB's 2014 Scoping Plan Update and the CalEEMod Model Version 2020.4.0 and are detailed in Table A. The IPCC has updated the Global Warming Potentials of some gases in their Fifth Assessment Report, however the new values have not yet been incorporated into the CalEEMod model that has been utilized in this analysis.
Table A - Global Warming Potentials, Atmospheric Lifetimes and Abundances of GHGs Atmospheric Lifetime Global Warming Potential
Gas (years)1 (100 Year Horizon)2
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 50-200 1
Methane (CH4) 9-15 25
Nitrous Oxide (N:aO) 114 298
HFC-23 270 14,800
HFC-134a 14 1,430
HFC-152a 1.4 124
PFC: Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) 50,000 7,390 PFC: Hexafluoroethane (C2F6) 10,000 12,200 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) 3,200 22,800
Notes:
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Abundance
379 ppm
1,774 ppb
319 ppb
18 ppt
35 ppt
3.9 ppt
74 ppt
2.9 ppt
5.6 ppt
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1 Defined as the half-life of the gas.
2 Compared to the same quantity of CO, emissions and is based on the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 standard, w hich is utilized in CalEEMod (Version 2020.4.0),that is used in this report [CalEEMod User Guide, May 2021).
Definitions: ppm = parts per million; ppb = parts per billion; ppt = parts per trillion Source: IPCC 2007, EPA 2015
3.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
According to the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center1, 9,855 million metric tons (MMT) of C02e emissions were created globally in the year 2014. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the breakdown of global GHG emissions by sector consists of: 25 percent from electricity and heat production; 21 percent from industry; 24 percent from agriculture, forestry and other land use activities; 14 percent from transportation; 6 percent from building energy use; and 10 percent from all other sources of energy use2.
According to Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2019, prepared by EPA, in 2019 total U.S. GHG emissions were 6,558 million metric tons {MMT) of C02e emissions. Total U.S. emissions have increased by 4 percent between 1990 and 2016 and GHG emissions decreased by 13 percent between 2005 and 2019. The recent decrease in GHG emissions was a result of multiple factors, including population, economic growth, energy markets, and technological changes the include energy efficiency and energy fuel choices. Between 2018 and 2019, GHG emissions decreased by almost 2 percent due to multiple factors, including a one percent decrease in total energy use.
According to California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2019 Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators, prepared by CARB, July 28, 2021, the State of California created 418.2 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTC02e) in 2019. The 2019 emissions were 7.2 MMTC02e lower than 2018 levels and almost 13 MMTC02e below the State adopted year 2020 GHG limit of 431 MMTC02e. The breakdown of California GHG emissions by sector consists of: 39.7 percent from transportation; 21.1 percent from industrial; 14.1 percent from electricity generation; 7.6 percent from agriculture; 10.5 percent from residential and commercial buildings; 4.9 percent from high global warming potential sources, and 2.1 percent from waste.
1 Obtained from: https://cdiac.ess-dive. I bl.gov /trends/em is/tre_glob _2014.htm I 2 Obtained from: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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4.0 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
The air quality at the project site is addressed through the efforts of various federal, state, regional, and local government agencies. These agencies work jointly, as well as individually, to improve air quality through legislation, regulations, planning, policy-making, education, and a variety of programs. The agencies responsible for improving the air quality are discussed below.
4.1 Federal - United States Environmental Protection Agency The Clean Air Act, first passed in 1963 with major amendments in 1970, 1977 and 1990, is the overarching legislation covering regulation of air pollution in the United States. The Clean Air Act has established the mandate for requiring regulation of both mobile and stationary sources of air pollution at the state and federal level. The EPA was created in 1970 in order to consolidate research, monitoring, standard-setting and enforcement authority into a single agency.
The EPA is responsible for setting and enforcing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for atmospheric pollutants. It regulates emission sources that are under the exclusive authority of the federal government, such as aircraft, ships, and certain locomotives. NAAQS pollutants were identified using medical evidence and are shown below in Table B.
Air
Pollutant
Ozone (0,)
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
Nitrogen
Dioxide
(N02)
Table B - State and Federal Criteria Pollutant Standards Concentration / Averaging Time
California Federal Primary
Standards Standards
0.09 ppm/ 1-hour
0.07 ppm/ 8-hour
20.0 ppm/ 1-hour
9.0 ppm/ 8-hour
0.18 ppm/ 1-hour
0.030 ppm/ annual
0.070 ppm,/ 8-hour
35.0 ppm/ 1-hour
9.0 ppm / 8-hour
100 ppb / 1-hour
0.053 ppm/ annual
Most Relevant Effects
a) Pulmonary function decrements and localized lung injury in humans and animals; (b) asthma exacerbation; (c) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation; (d)
respiratory infection; (e) increased school absences, and hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits for combined respiratory diseases; (e) increased mortality; (fl possible metabolic effects.
Vegetation damage; property damage Visibility reduction (a) Aggravation of angina pectoris and other aspects of coronary heart disease; (b) decreased
exercise tolerance in persons with peripheral vascular disease and lung disease; {c) possible impairment of central nervous system functions; (d) possible increased risk to fetuses; (f) possible increased risk of pulmonary disease; (g) possible emergency department visits for respiratory diseases overall and visits for asthma.
Short-term (a) asthma exacerbations ("asthma attacks")
Long-term (a) asthma development; (b) higher risk of allcause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality.
Both short and long term NO2 exposure is also associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk.
Potential impacts on cardiovascular health, mortality and cancer, aggravate chronic respiratory disease.
Contribution to atmospheric discoloration
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Air
Pollutant
Sulfur
Dioxide
(S02)
Respirable
Particulate
Matter
(PM1ol
Suspended
Particulate
Matter
(PM2.s)
Sulfates
Lead
Hydrogen
Sulfide
Concentration / Averaging Time
California Federal Primary
Standards Standards
0.25 ppm/ 1-hour
0.04 ppm/ 24-hour
50 µg/m3 / 24-hour
20 µg/m3 / annual
12 µg/m3 / annual
25 µg/m3 / 24-hour
1.5 µg/m3 / 30-day
0.03 ppm/ 1-hour
75 ppb / 1-hour
150 µg/m3 / 24-
hour
35 µg/m3 / 24-hour
12 µg/m3 / annual
No Federal
Standards
0.15 µg/m3 /3-
month rolling
No Federal
Standards
Source: Draft 2022 AQMP, SCAQMD, 2022.
Most Relevant Effects
Respiratory symptoms (bronchoconstriction, possible
wheezing or shortness of breath) during exercise or physical activity in persons with asthma.
Possible allergic sensitization, airway inflammation, asthma development.
Short -term (al increase in mortality rates; (b) increase in respiratory infections; (c) increase in number and severity of asthma attacks; (d) COPD exacerbation; (el increase in combined respiratory-diseases and number of hospital
admissions; (f) increased mortality due to cardiovascular or respiratory diseases; (g) increase in hospital admissions for acute respiratory conditions; (hl increase in school absences; (i) increase in lost work days; (j) decrease in respiratory function in children; (kl increase medication use in children and adults with asthma.
Long-term (a) reduced lung function growth in children; (b) changes in lung development; (c) development of asthma
in children; (d) increased risk of cardiovascular diseases; (e) increased total mortality from lung cancer; (f) increased risk of premature death.
Possible link to metabolic, nervous system, and
reproductive and developmental effects for short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5.
(a) Decrease in lung function; (b) aggravation of asthmatic symptoms; (c) vegetation damage; (d) Degradation of
visibility; (e) property damage
(a) Learning disabilities; (b) impairment of blood formation and nerve function; (c) cardiovascular effects, including coronary heart disease and hypertension
Possible male reproductive system effects Exposure to lower ambient concentrations above the standard may result in objectionable odor and may be accompanied by symptoms such as headaches, nausea, dizziness, nasal
irritation, cough, and shortness of breath
As part of its enforcement responsibilities, the EPA requires each state with federal nonattainment areas to prepare and submit a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that demonstrates the means to attain the national standards. The SIP must integrate federal, state, and local components and regulations to identify specific measures to reduce pollution, using a combination of performance standards and marketbased programs within the timeframe identified in the SIP. The CARB defines attainment as the category given to an area with no violations in the past three years. As indicated below in Table C, the Air Basin has been designated by EPA for the national standards as a non-attainment area for ozone and PM2.5 and partial non-attainment for lead. Currently, the Air Basin is in attainment with the national ambient air quality standards for CO, PMlO, S02, and N02.
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Table C - National Air Quality Standards Attainment Status - South Coast Air Basin Criteria Pollutant
Ozone
PM2.5'
PM101
Lead8
co
Source: SCAQMD, May 2022
Notes:
Averaging Time
1979 1-Hour (0.12 ppm)
2015 8-Hour (0.07 ppm)d
2008 8-Hour (0.075 ppm)d
1997 8-Hour (0.08 ppm)d
2006 24-Hour (35 µg/m3)
2012 Annual (12 µg/m3)
1997 Annual (15 µg/m3)
1987 24-Hour (150 µg/m3)
2008 3-Months Rolling
(0.15 µg/m3)
19711-Hour (35 ppm)
1971 8-Hour (9 ppm)
2010 1-Hour (100 ppb)
1971 Annual (0.053 ppm)
2010 1-Hour (75 ppb)
1971 24-Hour (0.14 ppm)
Designation• Attainment Dateb
Nonattainment (Extreme) 2/6/2023 (revised deadline)
Nonattainment (Extreme) 8/ 3/2038
Nonattainment (Extreme) 7/20/2032
Nonattainment (Extreme) 6/15/2024
Nonattainment (Serious) 12/31/2019
Nonattainment (Serious) 12/31/2021
Attainment (final determination 4/5/2015
pending) (attained 2013)
Attainment (Maintenance) 7/26/2013 (attained)
Nonattainment (Partial)
(Attainment determination 12/31/2015
requested)
Attainment (Maintenance) 6/11/2007
Attainment (Maintenance) 6/11/2007
Unclassifiable/ Attainment N/A (attained)
Attainment (Maintenance) 9/22/1998 (attained)
Unclassifiable/Attainment 1/9/2018 Unclassifiable/Attainment 3/19/1979 a) U.S. EPA often only declares Nonattainment areas; everywhere else is listed as Unclassifiable/Attainment or Unclassifiable. b) A design value below the NAAQS for data through the full year or smog season prior to the attainment date is typically required for attainment demonstration.
c) The 1979 1-hour ozone NAAQS (0.12 ppm) was revoked, effective June 15, 2005; however, the Basin has not attained this standard and therefore has some continuing obligations with respect to the revoked standard; original attainment date was 11/15/ 2010; the revised attainment date is 2/6/2023.
d) The 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS (0.075 ppm) was revised to 0.070 ppm, effective 12/28/20115 with classifications and implementation goals to be finalized by 10/1/2017; the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS (0.08 ppm) was revoked in the 2008 ozone implementation rule, effective 4/6/2015; there are continuing obligations under the revoked 1997 and revised 2008 ozone NAAQS until they are attained. e) The attainment deadline for the 2006 24-Hour PM2.5 NAAQS was 12/31/ 15 for the former "moderate" classification; the EPA approved reclassification to "serious", effective 2/12/16 with an attainment deadline of 12/ 31/ 2019; the 2012 (proposal year) annual PM 2.5 NAAQS was revised on 1/15/2013, effective 3/18/2013, from 15 to 12 µg/m3; new annual designations were final 1/ 1S/2015, effective 4/15/ 2015; on 7/25/2016 the EPA finalized a determinat ion that the Basin attained the 1997 annual (15.0 µg/m3f and 24-hour PM2.5 (65 µg/m') NAAQS, effective 8/24/2016.
fl The annual PMlO standard was revoked, effective 12/ 18/ 2006; the 24-hour PMl0 NAAQS deadline was 12/31/2006; the Basin's Attainment Re-designation Request and PM10 Maintenance Plan was approved by the EPA on 6/26/2103, effective 7/26/2013. g) Partial Nonattainment designation - Los Angeles County portion of the Basin only for near-source monitors; expect to remain in attainment based on current monitoring data; attainment re-designation request pending. h) New 1-hour NO2 NAAQS became effective 8/2/ 2010, with attainment designations 1/20/2012; annual NO, NAAQS retained. i) The 1971 annual and 24-hour SO, NAAQS were revoked, effective 8/23/ 2010.
Despite substantial improvements in air quality over the past few decades, some air monitoring stations in the Air Basin still exceed the NAAQS and frequently record the highest ozone levels in the United States.
In 2020, monitoring stations in the Air Basin exceeded the most current federal standards on a total of 181 days {49 percent of the year}, including: 8-hour ozone (157 days over the 2015 ozone NAAQS), 24- hour PM2-5 (39 days), PMlO {3 days), and NO2 (1 day). Nine of the top 10 stations in the nation most frequently exceeding the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS in 2020 were located within the Air Basin, including stations in San Bernardino, Riverside, and Los Angeles Counties (SCAQMD, 2022}. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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PM2.5 levels in the Air Basin have improved significantly in recent years. Since 2015, none of the monitoring stations in the Air Basin have recorded violations of the former 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS (15.0 µg/m3). On July 25, 2016 the U.S. EPA finalized a determination that the Air Basin attained the 1997 annual (15.0 µg/m3) and 24-hour PM2.5 {65 µg/m3) NAAQS, effective August 24, 2016. However, the Air Basin does not meet the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS (12.0 µg/m3), with six monitoring stations having design values above the standard for the 2018-2020 period (SCAQMD, 2022).
4.2 State - California Air Resources Board
The CARB, which is a part of the California Environmental Protection Agency, is responsible for the coordination and administration of both federal and state air pollution control programs within California.
In this capacity, the CARB conducts research, sets the California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS), compiles emission inventories, develops suggested control measures, provides oversight of local programs, and prepares the SIP. The CAAQS for criteria pollutants in the Air Basin are shown in Table D.
In addition, the CARB establishes emission standards for motor vehicles sold in California, consumer products (e.g. hairspray, aerosol paints, and barbeque lighter fluid), and various types of commercial equipment. It also sets fuel specifications to further reduce vehicular emissions.
Table D - California Ambient Air Quality Standards Attainment Status - South Coast Air Basin Criteria Pollutant Averaging Time Level" Designationb
1-Hour 0.09 ppm No nattainment Ozone
8-Hour 0.070 ppm Nonattainment
PM2.5 Annual 12 µg/m3 Nonattainment
24-Hour 50 µg/m3 Nonattainment PMlO
Annual 20 µg/m3 Nonattainment
Lead 30-Day Average 1.5 µg/m3 Attainment
1-Hour 20 ppm Attainment co
8-Hour 9.0 ppm Attainment
1-Hour 0.18 ppm Attainment
N02
Nonattainmentc (CA 60 Near-road portion of San
Annual 0.030 Bernardino, Riverside and Los Angeles Counties) Attainment (remainder of Basin)
1-Hour 0.25 ppm Attainm ent
S02
24-Hour 0.04 ppm Attainment
Sulfates 24-Hour 25 µg/ m3 Attainment
Hydrogen Sulfide 1-Hour 0.03 ppm Unclassified
Source: SCAQMD, May 2022
Notes:
a) CA State standards, or CAAQS, for ozone, SO,, NO,, PMlO and PM2.5 are values not to be exceeded; lead, sulfates and H,S standards are values not to be equaled or exceeded; CAAQS are listed in the Table of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations. b) CA State designations shown were updated by CARB in 2019, based on the 2016-2018 3-year period; stated designations are based on a 3-year data period after consideration of outliers and exceptional events. c) While this region is currently in Non attainment, the CARS approved a redesignation to attainment to attainment based on 2018-2020 data on February 24, 2022.
As shown in Table D, the Air Basin has been designated by the CARB as a non-attainment area for ozone, PM 10 and PM2.S and partial nonattainment for NO2. Currently, the Air Basin is in attainment with the ambient air quality standards for lead, CO, SO2 and sulfates, and is unclassified for Hydrogen Sulfide. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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The following lists the State of California Code of Regulations (CCR) air quality emission rules that are applicable, but not limited to commercial retail projects in the State.
Assembly Bill 2588
The Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Information and Assessment Act (Assembly Bill [AB] 2588, 1987, Connelly) was enacted in 1987 as a means to establish a formal air toxics emission inventory risk quantification program.
AB 2588, as amended, establishes a process that requires stationary sources to report the type and quantities of certain substances their facilities routinely release in California. The data is ranked by high, intermediate, and low categories, which are determined by: the potency, toxicity, quantity, volume, and proximity of the facility to nearby receptors.
CARB Regulation for In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicles
On July 26, 2007, the CARB adopted California Code of Regulations Title 13, Article 4.8, Chapter 9, Section 2449 to reduce DPM and NOx emissions from in-use off-road heavy-duty diesel vehicles in California. Such vehicles are used in construction, mining, and industrial operations. The regulation limits idling to no more than five consecutive minutes, requires reporting and labeling, and requires disclosure of the regulation upon vehicle sale. Performance requirements of the rule are based on a fleet's average NOx emissions, which can be met by replacing older vehicles with newer, cleaner vehicles or by applying exhaust retrofits. The regulation was amended in 2010 to delay the original timeline of the performance requirement making the first compliance deadline January 1, 2014 for large fleets (over 5,000 horsepower), 2017 for medium fleets (2,501-5,000 horsepower), and 2019 for small fleets (2,500 horsepower or less). Currently, no commercial operation in California may add any equipment to their fleet that has a Tier 0 or Tier 1 engine. By January 1, 2018 medium and large fleets will be restricted from adding Tier 2 engines to their fleets and by January 2023, no commercial operation will be allowed to add Tier 2 engines to their fleets. It should be noted that commercial fleets may continue to use their existing Tier 0 and 1 equipment, if they can demonstrate that the average emissions from their entire fleet emissions meet the NOx emissions targets.
CARB Resolution 08-43 for On-Road Diesel Truck Fleets
On December 12, 2008 the CARB adopted Resolution 08-43, which limits NOx, PM10 and PM2.S emissions from on-road diesel truck fleets that operate in California. On October 12, 2009 Executive Order R-09-010 was adopted that codified Resolution 08-43 into Section 2025, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. This regulation requires that by the year 2023 all commercial diesel trucks that operate in California shall meet model year 2010 (Tier 4 Final) or latter emission standards. In the interim period, this regulation provides annual interim targets for fleet owners to meet. By January 1, 2014, SO percent of a truck fleet is required to have installed Best Available Control Technology (BACT) for NOx emissions and 100 percent of a truck fleet installed BACT for PM10 emissions. This regulation also provides a few exemptions including a onetime per year 3-day pass for trucks registered outside of California. All onroad diesel trucks utilized during construction of the proposed project will be required to comply with Resolution 08-43.
4.3 Regional - Southern California
The SCAQMD is the agency principally responsible for comprehensive air pollution control in the South Coast Air Basin. To that end, as a regional agency, the SCAQMD works directly with the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), county transportation commissions, and local governments and cooperates actively with all federal and state agencies. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCAQMD develops rules and regulations, establishes permitting requirements for stationary sources, inspects emission sources, and enforces such measures through educational programs or fines, when necessary. SCAQMD is directly responsible for reducing emissions from stationary, mobile, and indirect sources. It has responded to this requirement by preparing a sequence of AQMPs. The Draft 2022 Air Quality Management Plan, was prepared May 2022, is currently in the public comment period, and has not yet been adopted. As such the current applicable AQMP is the Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan (2016 AQMP) that was adopted by the SCAQMD Board on March 3, 2016 and was adopted by CARB on March 23, 2017 for inclusion into the SIP. The 2016AQMP was prepared in order to meet the following standards:
• 8-hour Ozone (75 ppb) by 2032
• Annual PM2.5 (12 µg/m3) by 2021-2025
• 8-hour Ozone (80 ppb) by 2024 (updated from the 2007 and 2012 AQMPs) • 1-hour Ozone (120 ppb) by 2023 (updated from the 2012 AQMP) • 24-hour PM2.5 (35 µg/m3) by 2019 (updated from the 2012 AQMP) In addition to meeting the above standards, the 2016 AQMP also includes revisions to the attainment demonstrations for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and the 1979 1-hour ozone NAAQS. The prior 2012 AQMP was prepared in order to demonstrate attainment with the 24-hour PM2.5 standard by 2014 through adoption of all feasible measures. The prior 2007 AQMP demonstrated attainment with the 1997 8-hour ozone (80 ppb} standard by 2023, through implementation of future improvements in control techniques and technologies. These "black box" emissions reductions represent 65 percent of the remaining NOx emission reductions by 2023 in order to show attainment with the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Given the magnitude of these needed emissions reductions, additional NOx control measures have been provided in the 2012 AQMP even though the primary purpose was to show compliance with 24-hour PM2.5 emissions standards.
The 2016 AQMP provides a new approach that focuses on available, proven and cost effective alternatives to traditional strategies, while seeking to achieve multiple goals in partnership with other entities to promote reductions in GHG emissions and TAC emissions as well as efficiencies in energy use, transportation, and goods movement. The 2016 AQMP recognizes the critical importance of working with othe.r agencies to develop funding and other incentives that encourage the accelerated transit ion of vehicles, buildings and industrial facilities to cleaner technologies in a manner that benefits not only air quality, but also local businesses and the regional economy.
Although SCAQMD is responsible for regional air quality planning efforts, it does not have the authority to directly regulate air quality issues associated with plans and new development projects throughout the Air Basin. Instead, this is controlled through local jurisdictions in accordance to CEQA. In order to assist local jurisdictions with air quality compliance issues the CEQA Air Quality Handbook (SCAQMD CEQA Handbook), prepared by SCAQMD, 1993, with the most current updates found at http:ljwww.aqmd.gov/cega/hdbk.html, was developed in accordance with the projections and programs detailed in the AQMPs. The purpose of the SCAQMD CEQA Handbook is to assist Lead Agencies, as well as consultants, project proponents, and other interested parties in evaluating a proposed project's potential air quality impacts. Specifically, the SCAQMD CEQA Handbook explains the procedures that SCAQMD recommends be followed for the environmental review process required by CEQA. The 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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SCAQMD CEQA Handbook provides direction on how to evaluate potential air quality impacts, how to determine whether these impacts are significant, and how to mitigate these impacts. The SCAQMD intends that by providing this guidance, the air quality impacts of plans and development proposals will be analyzed accurately and consistently throughout the Air Basin, and adverse impacts will be minimized.
The following lists the SCAQMD rules that are applicable but not limited to warehouse projects in the Air Basin.
Rule 402 - Nuisance
Rufe 402 prohibits a person from discharging from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which causes injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. Compliance with Rule 402 will reduce focal air quality and odor impacts to nearby sensitive receptors.
Rule 403- Fugitive Dust
Rufe 403 governs emissions offugitive dust during construction activities and requires that no person shall cause or allow the emissions of fugitive dust such that dust remains visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line or the dust emission exceeds 20 percent opacity, if the dust is from the operation of a motorized vehicle. Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard Best Available Control Measures, which include but are not limited to the measures below. Compliance with these rules would reduce local air quality impacts to nearby sensitive receptors. • Utilize either a pad of washed gravel 50 feet long, 100 feet of paved surface, a wheel shaker, or a wheel washing device to remove material from vehicle tires and undercarriages before leaving project site.
• Do not allow any track out of material to extend more than 25 feet onto a public roadway and remove all track out at the end of each workday.
• Water all exposed areas on active sites at feast three times per day and pre-water all areas prior to clearing and soil moving activities.
• Apply nontoxic chemical stabilizers according to manufacturer specifications to all construction areas that will remain inactive for 10 days or longer.
• Pre-water all material to be exported prior to loading, and either cover all loads or maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code Section 23114.
• Replant all disturbed area as soon as practical.
• Suspend all grading activities when wind speeds (including wind gusts) exceed 25 miles per hour. • Restrict traffic speeds on all unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour or less.
Rules 1108 and 1108.1- Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt Rules 1108 and 1108.1 govern the safe, use, and manufacturing of asphalt and limits the voe content in asphalt. This rule regulates the VOC contents of asphalt used during construction as well as any on-going 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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maintenance during operations. Therefore, all asphalt used during construction and operation of the proposed project must comply with SCAQMD Rules 1108 and 1108.1.
Rule 1113 - Architectural Coatings Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of architectural coatings and limits the VOC content in sealers, coatings, paints and solvents. This rule regulates the VOC contents of paints available during construction. Therefore, all paints and solvents used during construction and operation of the proposed project must comply with SCAQMD Rule 1113.
Rule 1143 - Paint Thinners Rule 1143 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents that are used in thinning of coating materials, cleaning of coating application equipment, and other solvent cleaning operations. This rule regulates the VOC content of solvents used during construction. Solvents used during construction and operation of the proposed project must comply with SCAQM D Rule 1143.
Rule 1403 - Asbestos Remova I
Rule 1403 governs asbestos emissions from demolition and renovation activities. The existing structures on the project site shall be surveyed for asbestos prior to demolition activities. If asbestos is found within the existing structures, the asbestos shall be removed through utilization of the removal procedures detailed in Rule 1403.
Southern California Association of Governments
The SCAG is the regional planning agency for Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Imperial Counties and addresses regional issues relating to transportation, the economy, community development and the environment. SCAG is the federally designated Metropolitan Planning Organizat ion (MPO) for the majority of the southern California region and is the largest MPO in the nation. With respect to air quality planning, SCAG has prepared the 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal), adopted September 3, 2020and the 2019 Federal Transportation Improvement Program (2019 FTIP), adopted September 2018, which addresses regional development and growth forecasts. Although the Connect SoCal and 2019 FTIP are primarily planning documents for future transportation projects a key component of these plans are to integrate land use planning with transportation planning that promotes higher density infill development in close proximity to existing transit service. These plans fo rm the basis for the land use and transportation components of the AQMP, which are utilized in the preparation of air quality forecasts and in the consistency analysis included in the AQMP. The Connect SoCal, 2019 FTIP, and AQMP are based on projections originating within the City and County General Plans.
4.4 Local - City of Cerritos
Local jurisdictions, such .as the City of Cerritos, have the authority and responsibility to reduce air pollution through its police power and decision-making authority. Specifically, the City is responsible for the assessment and mitigation of air emissions resulting from its land use decisions. The City is also responsible for the implementation of transportation control measures as outlined in the AQMPs.
Examples of such measures include bus turnouts, energy-efficient streetlights, and synchronized traffic signals. In accordance with CEQA requirements and the CEQA review process, the County assesses the air quality impacts of new development projects, requires mitigation of potentially significant air quality 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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impacts by conditioning discretionary permits, and monitors and enforces implementation of such mitigation.
In accordance with the CEQA requirements, the City does not, however, have the expertise to develop plans, programs, procedures, and methodologies to ensure that air quality within the City and region will meet federal and state standards. Instead, the City relies on the expertise of the SCAQMD and utilizes the SCAQMD CEQA Handbook as the guidance document for the environmental review of plans and development proposals within its jurisdiction.
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5.0 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE MANAGEMENT
The regulatory setting related to global climate change is addressed through the efforts of various international, federal, state, regional, and local government agencies. These agencies work jointly, as well as individually, to reduce GHG emissions through legislation, regulations, planning, policy-making, education, and a variety of programs. The agencies responsible for global climate change regulations are discussed below.
5.1 International
In 1988, the United Nations established the IPCC to evaluate the impacts of global climate change and to develop strategies that nations could implement to curtail global climate change. In 1992, the United States joined other countries around the world in signing the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC} agreement with the goal of controlling GHG emissions. The parties of the UNFCCC adopted the Kyoto Protocol, which set binding GHG reduction targets for 37 industrialized countries, the objective of reducing their collective GHG emissions by five percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The Kyoto Protocol has been ratified by 182 countries, but has not been ratified by the United States. It should be noted that Japan and Canada opted out of the Kyoto Protocol and the remaining developed countries that ratified the Kyoto Protocol have not met their Kyoto targets. The Kyoto Protocol expired in 2012 and the amendment for the second commitment period from 2013 to 2020 has not yet entered into legal force. The Parties to the Kyoto Protocol negotiated the Paris Agreement in December 2015, agreeing to set a goal of limiting global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius compared with preindustrial levels. The Paris Agreement has been adopted by 195 nations with 147 ratifying it, including the United States by President Obama, who ratified it by Executive Order on September 3, 2016. On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced that the United States is withdrawing from the Paris Agreement and on January 21, 2021 President Biden signed an executive order rejoining the Paris Agreement.
Additionally, the Montreal Protocol was originally signed in 1987 and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992. The Montreal Protocol stipulates that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in the stratosphere-CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform-were to be phased out, with the first three by the year 2000 and methyl chloroform by 2005.
5.2 Federal - United States Environmental Protection Agency The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for implementing federal policy to address global climate change. The Federal government administers a wide array of public-private partnerships to reduce U.S. GHG intensity. These programs focus on energy efficiency, renewable energy, methane, and other non-CO2 gases, agricultural practices and implementation of technologies to achieve GHG reductions. EPA implements several voluntary programs that substantially contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions.
In Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency (Docket No. 05-1120), argued November 29, 2006 and decided April 2, 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court held that not only did the EPA have authority to regulate greenhouse gases, but the EPA's reasons for not regulating this area did not fit the statutory requirements. As such, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the EPA should be required to regulate CO2 and other greenhouse gases as pollutants under the federal Clean Air Act (CAA). 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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In response to the FY2008 Consolidations Appropriations Act (H.R. 2764; Public law 110-161}, EPA proposed a rule on March 10, 2009 that requires mandatory reporting of GHG emissions from large sources in the United States. On September 22, 2009, the Final Mandatory Reporting of GHG Rule was signed and published in the Federal Register on October 30, 2009. The rule became effective on December 29, 2009. This rule requires suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial GHGs, manufacturers of vehicles and engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of GHG emissions to submit annual reports to EPA.
On December 7, 2009, the EPA Administrator signed two distinct findings under section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act. One is an endangerment finding that finds concentrations of the six GHGs in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations. The other is a cause or contribute finding, that finds emissions from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines contribute to the GHG pollution which threatens public health and welfare. These actions did not impose any requirements on industry or other entities, however, since 2009 the EPA has been providing GHG emission standards for vehicles and other stationary sources of GHG emissions that are regulated by the EPA. On September 13, 2013 the EPA Administrator signed 40 CFR Part 60, that limits emissions from new sources to 1,100 pounds of CO2 per mega-watt hour (MWh) for fossil fuel-fired utility boilers and 1,000 pounds of CO2 per MWh for large natural gas-fired combustion units.
On August 3, 2015, the EPA announced the Clean Power Plan, emissions guidelines for U.S. states to follow in developing plans to reduce GHG emissions from existing fossil fuel-fired power plants (Federal Register Vol. 80, No. 205, October 23 2015). On October 11, 2017, the EPA issued a formal proposal to repeal the Clean Power Plan and on June 19, 2019 the EPA replaced the Clean Power Plan with the Affordable Clean Energy rule that is anticipated to lower power sector GHG emissions by 11 million tons by the year 2030.
On April 30, 2020, the EPA and the National Highway Safety Administration published the Final Rule for the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks (SAFE Vehicles Rule}. Part One of the Rule revokes California's authority to set its own GHG emissions standards and zero-emission vehicle mandates in California, which results in one emission standard to be used nationally for all passenger cars and light trucks that is set by the EPA.
5.3 State
The CARB has the primary responsible for implementing state policy to address global climate change, however there are State regulations related to global climate change that affect a variety of State agencies. CARB, which is a part of the California Environmental Protection Agency, is responsible for the coordination and administration of both the federal and state air pollution control programs within California. In this capacity, the CARB conducts research, sets California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS}, compiles emission inventories, develops suggested control measures, provides oversight of local programs, and prepares the SIP. Jn addition, the CARB establishes emission standards for motor vehicles sold in California, consumer products (e.g. hairspray, aerosol paints, and barbeque lighter fluid), and various types of commercial equipment. It also sets fuel specifications to further reduce vehicular emissions.
In 2008, CARB approved a Climate Change Scoping Plan that proposes a "comprehensive set of actions designed to reduce overall carbon GHG emissions in California, improve our environment, reduce our dependence on oil, diversify our energy sources, save energy, create new jobs, and enhance public health" (CARB 2008). The Climate Change Scoping Plan has a range of GHG reduction actions which include direct 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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regulations; alternative compliance mechanisms; monetary and non-monetary incentives; voluntary actions; market-based mechanisms such as a cap-and-trade system. In 2014, CARB approved the First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan (CARB, 2014) that identifies additional strategies moving beyond the 2020 targets to the year 2050. On December 14, 2017 CARB adopted the California's 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, November 2017 (CARB, 2017} that provides specific statewide policies and measures to achieve the 2030 GHG reduction target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and the aspirational 2050 GHG reduction target of 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. In addition, the State has passed the following laws directing CARB to develop actions to reduce GHG emissions, which are listed below in chronological order, with the most current first.
Executive Order B-55-18 and Assembly Bill 1279
The California Governor issued Executive Order B-55-18 in September 2018 that establishes a new statewide goal to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible, but no later than 2045. This executive order directs CARB to work with relevant State agencies to develop a framework for implementation and accounting that tracks progress toward this goal as well as ensuring future scoping plans identify and recommend measures to achieve this carbon neutrality goal. Assembly Bill 1279 was passed by the legislature in September 2022 that codifies the carbon neutrality targets provided in Executive Order B55-18. The 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality, prepared by CARB, November 16, 2022 that will be considered for adoption at CARB's December Board meeting, was prepared in order to meet the carbon neutrality goal targets developed in Executive Order B-55-18 and codified in Assembly Bill 1279.
Executive Order N-79-20
The California Governor issued Executive Order N-79-20 on September 23, 2020 that requires all new passenger cars and trucks and commercial drayage trucks sold in California to be zero-emissions by the year 2035 and all medium- heavy-duty vehicles (commercial trucks) sold in the state to be zero-emission by 2045 for all operations where feasible. Executive Order N-79-20 also requires all off-road vehicles and equipment to transition to 100 percent zero-emission equipment, where feasible by 2035.
California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 6
CCR Title 24, Part 6: California's Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (Title 24) were first established in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption. The California Energy Commission (CEC) is the agency responsible for the standards that are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. In 2008 the State set an energy-use reduction goal of zero-net-energy use of all new homes by 2020 and the CEC was mandated to meet this goal through revisions to the Title 24, Part 6 regulations.
The Title 24 standards are updated on a three-year schedule and since 2008 the standards have been incrementally moving to the 2020 goal of the zero-net-energy use. The 2019 Title 24 standards are the current standards in effect and on January 1, 2023 the 2022 Title 24 standards will be the required standards for new projects in California. As such, the proposed project will be required to be designed to meet the 2022 Title 24 standards.
According to the Title 24 Part 6 Fact Sheet, the CEC estimates that over 30 years the 2022 Title 24 standards will reduce 10 MMTCO2e of GHG emissions, which is equivalent to taking nearly 2.2 million cars off the road for a year. For single-family homes, the CEC estimates that the 2022 Title 24 changes from 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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using natural gas furnaces to electric heat pumps to heat new homes and would reduce net CO2 emissions by 16,230 MTC02e per year, when compared to the 2019 Title 24 standards, which is equivalent of taking 3,641 gas cars off the road each year. The 2022 Title 24 standards will: (1) Increase onsite renewable energy generation; (2) Increases electric load flexibility to support grid reliability; (3) Reduces emissions from newly constructed buildings; (4) Reduces air pollution for improved public health; and (5) Encourages adoption of environmentally beneficial efficient electric technologies.
California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 11
CCR Title 24, Part 11: California Green Building Standards (CalGreen Code) was developed in response to continued efforts to reduce GHG emissions associated with energy consumption. The CalGreen Code is also updated every three years and the current version is the 2019 CalGreen Code and the 2022 CalGreen Code will go into effect on January 1, 2023.
The CalGreen Code contains requirements for construction site selection; storm water control during construction; construction waste reduction; indoor water use reduction; material selection; natural resource conservation; site irrigation conservation; and more. The code provides for design options allowing the designer to determine how best to achieve compliance for a given site or building condition.
The code also requires building commissioning, which is a process for verifying that all building systems (e.g., heating and cooling equipment and lighting systems) are functioning at their maximum efficiency.
The CalGreen Code provides standards for bicycle parking, carpool/vanpool/electric vehicle spaces, light and glare reduction, grading and paving, energy efficient appliances, renewable energy, graywater systems, water efficient plumbing fixtures, recycling and recycled materials, pollutant controls (including moisture control and indoor air quality), acoustical controls, storm water management, building design, insulation, flooring, and framing, among others. Implementation of the CalGreen Code measures reduces energy consumption and vehicle trips and encourages the use of alternative-fuel vehicles, which reduces pollutant emissions.
Some of the notable changes in the 2022 CalGreen Code over the prior 2019 CalGreen Code for nonresidential development mandatory requirements include repeal of the designated parking spaces for clean air vehicles, an increase in the number of electric vehicle (EV) ready parking spaces and a new requirement for installed Level 2 or DCFC EV charging stations for autos and added EV charging readiness requirements to loading docks, enhanced thermal insulation requirements, and acoustical ceilings are now required.
Senate Bill 100 and Executive Order B-55-18
Senate Bill 100 (SB 100) was adopted September 2018 and the California Governor issued Executive Order B-55-18 in September 2018, shortly before the Global Climate Action Summit started in San Francisco. SB 100 and Executive Order B-55-18 requires that by December 1, 2045 that 100 percent of retail sales of electricity to be generated from renewable or zero-carbon emission sources of electricity. SB 100 supersedes the renewable energy requirements set by SB 350, SB 1078, SB 107, and SB Xl-2. However, the interim renewable energy thresholds from the prior Bills of 44 percent by December 31, 2024, 52 percent by December 31, 2027, and 60 percent by December 31, 2030, will remain in effect.
Executive Order B-48-18 and Assembly Bill 2127
The California Governor issued Executive Order B-48-18 on January 26, 2018 that orders all state entities to work with the private sector to put at least five million zero-emission vehicles on California roads by 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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2030 and to install 200 hydrogen fueling stations and 250,000 electric vehicle chargers by 2025. Currently there are approximately 350,000 electric vehicles operating in California, which represents approximately
1.5 percent of the 24 million vehicles total currently operating in California. Implementation of Executive Order B-48-18 would result in approximately 20 percent of all vehicles in California to be zero emission electric vehicles. Assembly Bill 2127 (AB 2127) was codified into statute on September 13, 2018 and requires that the California Energy Commission working with the State Air Resources Board prepare biannual assessments of the statewide electric vehicle charging infrastructure needed to support the levels of zero emission vehicle adoption required for the State to meet its goals of putting at least 5 million zero-emission vehicles on California roads by 2030.
Executive Order B-30-15, Senate Bill 32 and Assembly Bill 197 The California Governor issued Executive Order B-30-15 on April 29, 2015 that aims to reduce California's GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. This executive order aligns California's GHG reduction targets with those of other international governments, such as the European Union that set the same target for 2030 in October, 2014. This target will make it possible to reach the ultimate goal of reducing GHG emissions 80 percent under 1990 levels by 2050 that is based on scientifically established levels needed in the U.S.A to limit global warming below 2 degrees Celsius - the warming threshold at which scientists say there will likely be major climate disruptions such as super droughts and rising sea levels. Assembly Bill 197 (AB 197) (September 8, 2016) and Senate Bill 32 (SB 32) (September 8, 2016) codified into statute the GHG emissions reduction targets of at least 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 as detailed in Executive Order B-30-15. AB 197 also requires additional GHG emissions reporting that is broken down to sub-county levels and requires CARB to consider the social costs of emissions impacting disadvantaged communities.
Executive Order B-29-15
The California Governor issued Executive Order B-29-15 on April 1, 2015 and directed the State Water Resources Control Board to impose restrictions to achieve a statewide 25% reduction in urban water usage and directed the Department of Water Resources to replace 50 million square feet of lawn with drought tolerant landscaping through an update to the State's Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance. The Ordinance also requires installation of more efficient irrigation systems, promotion of greywater usage and onsite stormwater capture, and limits the turf planted in new residential landscapes to 25 percent of the total area and restricts turf from being planted in median strips or in parkways unless the parkway is next to a parking strip and a flat surface is required to enter and exit vehicles. Executive Order B-29-15 would reduce GHG emissions associated with the energy used to transport and filter water.
Assembly Bill 341 and Senate Bills 939 and 1374
Senate Bill 939 (SB 939) requires that each jurisdiction in California to divert at least 50 percent of its waste away from landfills, whether through waste reduction, recycling or other means. Senate Bill 1374 (SB 1374) requires the California Integrated Waste Management Board to adopt a model ordinance by March 1, 2004 suitable for adoption by any local agency to require 50 to 75 percent diversion of construction and demolition of waste materials from landfills. Assembly Bill 341 (AB 341) was adopted in 2011 and builds upon the waste reduction measures of SB 939 and 1374, and set a new target of a 75 percent reduction in solid waste generated by the year 2020.
Senate Bill 375
Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) was adopted September 2008 in order to support the State's climate action goals to reduce GHG emissions through coordinated regional transportation planning efforts, regional GHG 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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emission reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. SB 375 requires CARB to set regional targets for GHG emissions reductions from passenger vehicle use. In 2010, CARB established targets for 2020 and 2035 for each Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) within the State. It was up to each MPO to adopt a sustainable communities strategy (SCS) that will prescribe land use allocation in that MPOs Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) to meet CARB's 2020 and 2035 GHG emission reduction targets.
These reduction targets are required to be updated every eight years and the most current targets are detailed at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/sustainable-communities-program/regionalplan-targets, which provides GHG emissions reduction targets for SCAG of 8 percent by 2020 and 19 percent by 2035.
The 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal), adopted September 3, 2020 provides a 2035 GHG emission reduction target of 19 percent reduction over the 2005 per capita emissions levels. The Connect SoCal include new initiatives of land use, transportation and technology to meet the 2035 new 19 percent GHG emission reduction target for 2035. CARB is also charged with reviewing SCAG's RTP/SCS for consistency with its assigned targets.
City and County land use policies, including General Plans, are not required to be consistent with the RTP and associated SCS. However, new provisions of CEQA incentivize, through streamlining and other provisions, qualified projects that are consistent with an approved SCS and categorized as "transit priority projects."
Assembly Bill 1109
California Assembly Bill 1109 (AB 1109) was adopted October 2007, also known as the Lighting Efficiency and Toxics Reduction Act, prohibits the manufacturing of lights after January 1, 2010 that contain levels of hazardous substances prohibited by the European Union pursuant to the RoHS Directive. AB 1109 also requires reductions in energy usage for lighting and is structured to reduce lighting electrical consumption by: (1) At least 50 percent reduction from 2007 levels for indoor residential lighting; and (2) At least 25 percent reduction from 2007 levels for indoor commercial and all outdoor lighting by 2018. AB 1109 would reduce GHG emissions through reducing the amount of electricity required to be generated by fossil fuels in California.
Executive Order S-1-07
Executive Order 5-1-07 was issued in 2007 and proclaims that the transportation sector is the main source of GHG emissions in the State, since it generates more than 40 percent of the State's GHG emissions. It establishes a goal to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels sold in the State by at least ten percent by 2020. This Executive Order also directs CARB to determine whether this low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) could be adopted as a discrete early-action measure as part of the effort to meet the mandates in AB 32.
In 2009 CARB approved the proposed regulation to implement the LCFS. The standard was challenged in the courts, but has been in effect since 2011 and was re-approved by the CARB in 2015. The LCFS is anticipated to reduce GHG emissions by about 16 MMT per year by 2020. The LCFS is designed to provide a framework that uses market mechanisms to spur the steady introduction of lower carbon fuels. The framework establishes performance standards that fuel producers and importers must meet annually.
Reformulated gasoline mixed with corn-derived ethanol and low-sulfur diesel fuel represent the baseline fuels. Lower carbon fuels may be ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, or blends of these fuels with gasoline or diesel. Compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas also may be low-carbon fuels. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Hydrogen and electricity, when used in fuel cells or electric vehicles, are also considered as low-carbon fuels.
Senate Bill 97
Senate Bill 97 (SB 97) was adopted August 2007 and acknowledges that climate change is a prominent environmental issue that requires analysis under CEQA. SB 97 directed the Governor's Office of Planning and Research (OPR), which is part of the State Natural Resources Agency, to prepare, develop, and transmit to CARB guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions, as required by CEQA, by July 1, 2009. The Natural Resources Agency was required to certify and adopt those guidelines by January 1, 2010.
Pursuant to the requirements of SB 97 as stated above, on December 30, 2009 the Natural Resources Agency adopted amendments to the State CEQA guidelines that addresses GHG emissions. The CEQA Guidelines Amendments changed 14 sections of the CEQA Guidelines and incorporated GHG language throughout the Guidelines. However, no GHG emissions thresholds of significance were provided and no specific mitigation measures were identified. The GHG emission reduction amendments went into effect on March 18, 2010 and are summarized below:
• Climate Action Plans and other greenhouse gas reduction plans can be used to determine whether a project has significant impacts, based upon its compliance with the plan. • Local governments are encouraged to quantify the GHG emissions of proposed projects, noting that they have the freedom to select the models and methodologies that best meet their needs and circumstances. The section also recommends consideration of several qualitative factors that may be used in the determination of significance, such as the extent to which the given project complies with state, regional, or local GHG reduction plans and policies. OPR does not set or dictate specific thresholds of significance. Consistent with existing CEQA Guidelines, OPR encourages local governments to develop and publish their own thresholds of significance for GHG impacts assessment.
• When creating their own thresholds of significance, local governments may consider the thresholds of significance adopted or recommended by other public agencies, or recommended by experts.
• New amendments include guidelines for determining methods to mitigate the effects of GHG emissions in Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines.
• OPR is clear to state that "to qualify as mitigation, specific measures from an existing plan must be identified and incorporated into the project; general compliance with a plan, by itself, is not mitigation."
• OPR's emphasizes the advantages of analyzing GHG impacts on an institutional, programmatic level. OPR therefore approves tiering of environmental analyses and highlights some benefits of such an approach.
• Environmental impact reports must specifically consider a project's energy use and energy efficiency potential.
Assembly Bill 32
In 2006, the California State Legislature adopted AB 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 requires CARB, to adopt rules and regulations that would achieve GHG emissions equivalent 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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to statewide levels in 1990 by 2020 through an enforceable statewide emission cap which will be phased in starting in 2012. Emission reductions shall include carbon sequestration projects that would remove carbon from the atmosphere and utilize best management practices that are technologically feasible and cost effective.
In 2007 CARB released the calculated Year 1990 GHG emissions of 431 MMTCO2e. The 2020 target of 431 MMTCO2e requires the reduction of 78 MMTCO2e, or approximately 16 percent from the State's projected 2020 business as usual emissions of 509 MMTCO2e (CARB, 2014). Under AB 32, CARB was required to adopt regulations by January 1, 2011 to achieve reductions in GHGs to meet the 1990 cap by 2020. Early measures CARB took to lower GHG emissions included requiring operators of the largest industrial facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons of CO2 in a calendar year to submit verification of GHG emissions by December 1, 2010. The CARB Board also approved nine discrete early action measures that include regulations affecting landfills, motor vehicle fuels, refrigerants in cars, port operations and other sources, all of which became enforceable on or before January 1, 2010.
CARB's Scoping Plan that was adopted in 2009, proposes a variety of measures including: strengthening energy efficiency and building standards; targeted fees on water and energy use; a market-based capand-trade system; achieving a 33 percent renewable energy mix; and a fee regulation to fund the program.
The 2014 update to the Scoping Plan identifies strategies moving beyond the 2020 targets to the year 2050.
The Cap-and-Trade Program established under the Scoping Plan sets a statewide limit on sources responsible for 85 percent of California's GHG emissions, and has established a market for long-term investment in energy efficiency and cleaner fuels since 2012.
Executive Order S-3-05
In 2005 the California Governor issued Executive Order S 3-05, GHG Emission, which established the following reduction targets:
• 2010: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; • 2020: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels; • 2050: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels.
The Executive Order directed the secretary of the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) to coordinate a multi-agency effort to reduce GHG emissions to the target levels. To comply with the Executive Order, the secretary of CalEPA created the California Climate Action Team (CAT), made up of members from various state agencies and commissions. The team released its first report in March 2006.
The report proposed to achieve the targets by building on the voluntary actions of businesses, local governments, and communities and through State incentive and regulatory programs. The State achieved its first goal of reducing GHG emissions to 2000 levels by 2010.
Assembly Bill 1493
California Assembly Bill 1493 (also known as the Pavley Bill, in reference to its author Fran Pavley) was enacted on July 22, 2002 and required CARB to develop and adopt regulations that reduce GHGs emitted by passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. In 2004, CARB approved the "Pavley I" regulations limiting the amount of GHGs that may be released from new passenger automobiles that are being phased in between model years 2009 through 2016. These regulations will reduce GHG emissions by 30 percent 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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from 2002 levels by 2016. In June 2009, the EPA granted California the authority to implement GHG emission reduction standards for light duty vehicles, in September 2009, amendments to the Pavley I regulations were adopted by CARB and implementation of the "Pavley I" regulations started in 2009.
The second set of regulations "Pavley II" was developed in 2010, and is being phased in between model years 2017 through 2025 with the goal of reducing GHG emissions by 45 percent by the year 2020 as compared to the 2002 fleet. The Pavley II standards were developed by linking the GHG emissions and formerly separate toxic tailpipe emissions standards previously known as the "LEV Ill" (third stage of the Low Emission Vehicle standards) into a single regulatory framework. The new rules reduce emissions from gasoline-powered cars as well as promote zero-emissions auto technologies such as electricity and hydrogen, and through increasing the infrastructure for fueling hydrogen vehicles. In 2009, the U.S. EPA granted California the authority to implement the GHG standards for passenger cars, pickup trucks and sport utility vehicles and these GHG emissions standards are currently being implemented nationwide.
The EPA has performed a midterm evaluation of the longer-term standards for model years 2022-2025, and based on the findings of this midterm evaluation, the EPA proposed The Safer Affordable Fuel Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Proposed Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 that amends the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) and GHG emissions standards for light vehicles for model years 2021 through 2026. The SAFE Vehicles Rule was published on April 30, 2020 and made effective on June 29, 2020.
5.4 Regional - Southern California
The SCAQMD is the agency principally responsible for comprehensive air pollution control in the Air Basin. To that end, as a regional agency, the SCAQMD works directly with SCAG, county transportation commissions, and local governments and cooperates actively with all federal and state agencies.
South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCAQMD develops rules and regulations, establishes permitting requirements for stationary sources, inspects emission sources, and enforces such measures through educational programs or fines, when necessary. SCAQMD is directly responsible for reducing emissions from stationary, mobile, and indirect sources. The SCAQMD is also responsible for GHG emissions for projects where it is the lead agency.
However, for other projects in the Air Basin where it is not the lead agency, it is limited to providing resources to other lead agencies in order to assist them in determining GHG emission thresholds and GHG reduction measures. In order to assist local agencies with direction on GHG emissions, the SCAQMD organized a Working Group, which is described below.
SCAQMD Working Group Since neither CARB nor the OPR has developed GHG emissions threshold, the SCAQM D formed a Working Group to develop significance thresholds related to GHG emissions. At the September 28, 2010 Working Group meeting, the SCAQMD released its most current version of the draft GHG emissions thresholds, which recommends a tiered approach that either provides a quantitative annual thresholds of 3,500 MTCO2e for residential uses, 1,400 MTCO2e for commercial uses, 3,000 MTCO2e for mixed uses, and 10,000 MTCO2e for industrial uses.
Southern California Association of Governments
The SCAG is the regional planning agency for Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Imperial Counties and addresses regional issues relating to transportation, the economy, community 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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development and the environment. SCAG is the federally designated Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for the majority of the southern California region and is the largest MPO in the nation. With respect to air quality planning, SCAG has prepared the Connect SoCal and 2019 FTIP addresses regional development and growth forecasts. Although the Connect SoCal and 2019 FTIP are primarily planning documents for future transportation projects a key component of these plans are to integrate land use planning with transportation planning that promotes higher density infill development in dose proximity to existing transit service. These plans form the basis for the land use and transportation components of the AQMP, which are utilized in the preparation of air quality forecasts and in the consistency analysis included in the AQMP. The Connect SoCal, 2019FTIP, and AQMP are based on projections originating within the City and County General Plans.
5.5 Local - City of Cerritos
Local jurisdictions, such as the City of Cerritos, have the authority and responsibility to reduce GHG emissions through their police power and decision-making authority. Specifically, the City is responsible for the assessment and mitigation of GHG emissions resulting from its land use decisions. In accordance with CEQA requirements and the CEQA review process, the City assesses the global climate change potential of new development projects, requires mitigation of potentially significant global climate change impacts by conditioning discretionary permits, and monitors and enforces implementation of such mitigation.
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6.0 ATMOSPHERIC SETTING
6.1 South Coast Air Basin
The project site is located within Los Angeles County, which is part of the South Coast Air Basin (Air Basin) that includes the non-desert portions of Riverside, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles Counties and all of Orange County. The Air Basin is located on a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills to the east. Regionally, the Air Basin is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the southwest and high mountains to the east forming the inland perimeter.
6.2 Local Climate
The southern portion of Los Angeles County is located on a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills to the east. The general region lies in the semi-permanent high-pressure zone of the eastern Pacific. As a result, the climate is mild, tempered by cool sea breezes. Occasional periods of strong Santa Ana winds and winter storms interrupt the otherwise mild weather pattern.
Although the Air Basin has a semi-arid climate, the air near the surface is typically moist because of the presence of a shallow marine layer. Except for infrequent periods when dry air is brought into the Air Basin by offshore winds, the ocean effect is dominant. Periods of heavy fog are frequent and low stratus clouds, often referred to as "high fog" are a characteristic climate feature.
Winds are an important parameter in characterizing the air quality environment of a project site because they determine the regional pattern of air pollution transport and control the rate of dispersion near a source. Daytime winds in Southern Los Angeles County are usually light breezes from off the coast as air moves regionally onshore from the cool Pacific Ocean. These winds are usually the strongest in the dry summer months. Nighttime winds in Southern Los Angeles County are a result mainly from the drainage of cool air off of the mountains to the east and they occur more often during the winter months and are usually lighter than the daytime winds. Between the periods of dominant airflow, periods of air stagnation may occur, both in the morning and evening hours. Whether such a period of stagnation occurs is one of the critical determinants of air quality conditions on any given day.
During the winter and fall months, surface high-pressure systems north of the Air Basin combined with other meteorological conditions, can result in very strong winds, called "Santa Ana Winds", from the northeast. These winds normally have durations of a few days before predominant meteorological conditions are reestablished. The highest wind speed typically occurs during the afternoon due to daytime thermal convection caused by surface heating. This convection brings about a downward transfer of momentum from stronger winds aloft. It is not uncommon to have sustained winds of 60 miles per hour with higher gusts during a Santa Ana Wind event.
The temperature and precipitation levels for Long Beach Daugherty Field Station, which is the nearest weather station to the project site with historical data is shown below in Table E. Table E shows that August is typically the warmest month and December is typically the coolest month. Rainfall in the project area varies considerably in both time and space. Almost all the annual rainfall comes from the fringes of mid-latitude storms from late November to early April, with summers being almost completely dry. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Table E - Monthly Climate Data
Average Maximum Average Minimum Average Total Precipitation Month Temperature {°F) Temperature {°F) (inches)
January 67.1 45.6 2.63
February 67.2 47.3 2.90
March 68.4 49.7 1.83
April 71.7 52.4 0.70
May 73.5 56.8 0.20
June 76.9 60.3 0.06 July 82.2 63.7 0.02
August 83.9 64.9 0.06
September 82.3 62.9 0.19
October 77.9 57.9 0.42
November 72.2 50.5 1.21 December 67.0 45.3 1.80
Annual 74.2 54.8 12.01
Source: https:/ /wrcc.dri.edu/ cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?caS08S
6.3 Monitored local Air Quality
The air quality at any site is dependent on the regional air quality and local pollutant sources. Regional air quality is determined by the release of pollutants throughout the Air Basin. Estimates of the existing emissions in the Air Basin provided in the 2012 AQMP, indicate that collectively, mobile sources account for 59 percent of the voe, 88 percent of the NOx emissions and 40 percent of directly emitted PM2.5, with another 10 percent of PM2.5 from road dust. The 2016 AQMP found that since 2012 AQMP projections were made stationary source voe emissions have decreased by approximately 12 percent, but mobile VOC emissions have increased by 5 percent. The percentage of NOx emissions remain unchanged between the 2012 and 2016 projections.
SCAQMD has divided the Air Basin into 38 air-monitoring areas with a designated ambient air monitoring station representative of each area. The project site is located in Air Monitoring Area 4, which covers South Coastal Los Angeles County. Since not all air monitoring stations measure all of the tracked pollutants, the data from the following two monitoring stations, listed in the order of proximity to the project site have been used; Compton Monitoring Station (Compton Station) and South Long Beach Monitoring Station (South long Beach Station).
The Compton Station is located approximately six miles west of the project site at 700 North Bullis Road, Compton and the South long Beach Station is located approximately seven miles southwest of the project site at 1305 E Pacific Coast Highway, long Beach. The monitoring data is presented in Table F and shows the most recent three years of monitoring data from CARB. Ozone, NO2, and PM2.5 were measured at the Compton Station and PMlO was measured at the South Long Beach Station. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Table F - Local Area Air Quality Monitoring Summary
Year
Pollutant (Standard) 2019 2020 2021
Ozone1:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.100 0.152 0.085
Days > CAAQS (0.09 ppm) 1 3 0
Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.079 0.115 0.076
Days> NAAQS (0.070 ppm) 1 4 1
Days > CAAQs (0.070 ppm) 1 4 1
Nitrogen Dioxide1 :
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppb) 70.0 72.3 68.2
Days> NAAQS (100 ppb) 0 0 0
Days> CAAQS (180 ppb) 0 0 0
lnhalable Particulates (PM10)2:
Maximum 24-Hour National Measurement (ug/m3) 55.7 72.7 68.3 Days> NAAQS (150 ug/m3) 0 0 0
Days > CAAQS (SO ug/m3) 1 2 3
Annual Arithmetic Mean (AAM) (ug/m3) 24.4 21.5 26.9
Annual > NAAQS (50 ug/m3) No No No
Annual > CAAQS (20 ug/m3) Yes Yes Yes
Ultra-Fine Particulates (PM2.5) 1:
Maximum 24-Hour California Measurement (ug/m3) 39.S 67.5 102.1 Days > NAAQS (35 ug/m3) 1 19 12
Annual Arithmetic Mean (AAM) (ug/m3) 10.9 14.7 14.4
Annual> NAAQS and CAAQS (12 ug/m3) No Yes Yes
Notes: Exceedances are listed in bold. CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standard; NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard; ppm= parts per million; ppb = parts per billion; ND = no data available. 1 Data obtained from the Compton Station.
' Data obtained from the South Long Beach Station.
Source: http://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/
Ozone
During the last three years, the State 1-hour concentration standard for ozone has been exceeded between zero and three days each year at the Compton Station. The State and Federal 8-hour ozone standard has been exceeded between one and four days each year over the last three years at the Compton Station. Ozone is a secondary pollutant as it is not directly emitted. Ozone is the result of chemical reactions between other pollutants, most importantly hydrocarbons and NO2, which occur only in the presence of bright sunlight. Pollutants emitted from upwind cities react during transport downwind to produce the oxidant concentrations experienced in the area. Many areas of Southern California contribute to the ozone levels experienced at this monitoring station, with the more significant areas being those directly upwind.
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Nitrogen Dioxide
The Compton Station did not record an exceedance of either the Federal or State 1-hour N02 standards for the last three years.
Particulate Matter
The State 24-hour concentration standard for PMlO has been exceeded between one and three days each year over the past three years at the South Long Beach Station. Over the past three years the Federal 24- hour standard for PMl0 has not been exceeded at the South Long Beach Station. The annual PMlO concentration at the South Long Beach Station has exceeded the State standard for the past three years and has not exceeded the Federal standard for the past three years.
Over the past three years the federal 24-hour concentration standard for PM2.5 has been exceeded between one and 19 days each year at the Compton Station. The annual PM2.5 concentrations at the Compton Station has exceeded both the State and Federal standards for two of the past three years.
There does not appear to be a noticeable trend for PMlO or PM2.5 in either maximum particulate concentrations or days of exceedances in the area. Particulate levels in the area are due to natural sources, grading operations, and motor vehicles.
According to the EPA, some people are much more sensitive than others to breathing fine particles (PMlO and PM2.5). People with influenza, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and the elderly may suffer worsening illness and premature death due to breathing these fine particles. People with bronchitis can expect aggravated symptoms from breathing in fine particles. Children may experience decline in lung function due to breathing in PMlO and PM2.S. Other groups considered sensitive are smokers and people who cannot breathe well through their noses. Exercising athletes are also considered sensitive, because many breathe through their mouths during exercise.
6.4 Toxic Air Contaminant Levels in the Air Basin
In order to determine the Air Basin-wide risks associated with major airborne carcinogens, the SCAQMD conducted the Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study (MATES) studies. According to the MATES V study (SCAQMD, 2021), the project site has an estimated cancer risk of 536 per million persons chance of cancer.
In comparison, the average cancer risk for the Air Basin is 455 per million persons. The MATES V study monitored air toxins between May 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019, found that cancer risk from air toxics has declined significantly in the Air Basin with a 40 percent decrease in cancer risk since the monitoring for the MATES IV study that occurred between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013 and an 84 percent decrease in cancer risk since the monitoring for the MATES II study that occurred between April 1, 1998 and March 31, 1999.
The MATES V study also analyzed impacts specific to the communities experiencing environmental injustices (EJ communities) that were evaluated using the Senate Bill 535 definition of disadvantaged communities, which found that between MATES IV and MATES V, the cancer risk from air toxics decreased by 57 percent in EJ communities overall, compared to a 53 percent reduction in non-EJ communities.
In order to provide a perspective of risk, it is often estimated that the incidence in cancer over a lifetime for the U.S. population ranges between 1 in 3 to 4 and 1 in 3, or a risk of about 300,000 per million persons.
The MATES-Ill study referenced a Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention, which estimated that of cancers associated with known risk factors, about 30 percent were related to tobacco, about 30 percent were 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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related to diet and obesity, and about 2 percent were associated with environmental pollution related exposures that includes hazardous air pollutants.
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7.0 MODELING PARAMETERS AND ASSUMPTIONS
7.1 Ca/EEMod Model Input Parameters
The criteria air pollution and GHG emissions impacts created by the proposed project have been analyzed through use of CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0. CalEEMod is a computer model published by the SCAQMD for estimating air pollutant emissions. The CalEEMod program uses the EMFAC2017 computer program to calculate the emission rates specific for the South Coast Air Basin portion of Los Angeles County for employee, vendor and haul truck vehicle trips and the OFFROAD2011 computer program to calculate emission rates for heavy equipment operations. EMFAC2017 and OFFROAD2011 are computer programs generated by CARB that calculates composite emission rates for vehicles. Emission rates are reported by the program in grams per trip and grams per mile or grams per running hour.
The project characteristics in the CalEEMod model were set to a project location of the South Coast Air Basin portion of Los Angeles County, a Climate Zone of 9, utility company of Southern California Edison and opening year of 2024 was utilized in this analysis. In addition, the EMFAC off-model adjustment factors for gasoline light duty vehicle to account for the SAFE Vehicle rule was selected in the CalEEMod model run.
Land Use Parameters
The proposed project consists of development of a 75,514 square foot warehouse building. The proposed project would include a truck loading area with 10 dock doors on the north side of the proposed warehouse building. A total of 66 automobile parking spaces would be provided that would be located in two parking areas on the north and south sides of the proposed warehouse. The proposed project's land use parameters that were entered into the CalEEMod model are shown in Table G.
Proposed Land Use
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
Paved Area (Truck Loading Area,
Driveways, and Parking Lots)
Notes:
'TSF = Thousand Square Feet; AC = Acre
Table G-CalEEMod Land Use Parameters
Land Use Subtype in CalEEMod
Land Use
Size1
Unrefrigerated Warehouse No Rail 75.514 TSF Parking Lot 1.45 AC ' Lot acreage calculated based on the total project site of 3.93-acres.
Lot
Acreage2
2.48 1.45
Building/Paving3
(square feet)
75,514
63162
' Building/Paving square feet represent area where architectural coatings will be applied. Paved area based on CalEEMod default values.
Construction Parameters
Construction of the proposed project is anticipated to start around March 2023 and was modeled based on the CalEEMod default timing that would have construction completed by April 2024. The constructionrelated GHG emissions were based on a 30-year amortization rate as recommended in the SCAQMD GHG Working Group meeting on November 19, 2009. The phases of construction activities that have been analyzed are detailed below and include: 1) Demolition; 2) Site Preparation; 3) Grading, 4) Building construction, 5) Paving; and 6) Application of architectural coatings.
The CalEEMod model provides the selection of "mitigation" to account for project conditions that would result in less emissions than a project without these conditions, however it should be noted that this 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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"mitigation" may represent regulatory requirements. This includes the required to adherence to SCAQMD Rule 403, which requires that the Best Available Control Measures be utilized to reduce fugitive dust emissions and was modeled in CalEEMod by selection of mitigation of water all exposed areas three times per day.
Demolition
The demolition phase would consist of demolishing the existing 32,000 square foot industrial building.
For the existing structure to be demolished, CalEEMod utilizes a factor of 0.046 tons of debris of building material per building square foot. This results in 1,472 tons of debris that would be generated from demolition of the existing structure. In addition, approximately 3-acres (130,680 square feet) of the project site is currently paved that will be required to be removed. The pavement was assumed to be an average of 4-inches thick and weigh 145 pounds per square foot, which results in 3,158 tons of pavement that would be removed from the project site. Therefore, the combined demolition of the structures and pavement area would require the removal of 4,630 tons of debris that would be exported from the site and would require a total of 458 haul truck trips (average 22.9 haul truck trips per day over duration of demolition phase).
The demolition phase has been modeled as starting in March 2023 and would occur over four weeks, which is based on the CalEEMod default timing. The demolition activities would require 15 worker trips per day. In order to account for water truck emissions, six vendor truck emissions were added to the demolition phase. The onsite equipment would consist of one concrete/industrial saw, three excavators, and two rubber tired dozers, which is based on the Ca IEE Mod default equipment mix.
Site Preparation
The site preparation phase wou Id consist of removing any vegetation, tree stumps, and stones onsite prior to grading. The site preparation phase is anticipated to start after completion of the demolition phase and was modeled as occurring over one week, which is based on the CalEEMod default timing. The site preparation activities would require 18 worker trips per day. In order to account for water truck emissions, six vendor truck emissions were added to the site preparation phase. The onsite equipment wou Id consist of three rubber-tired dozers, and four of either tractors, loaders, or backhoes, which is based on the CalEEMod default equipment mix.
Grading
The grading phase would occur after completion of the site preparation phase and was modeled as occurring over eight workdays, which is based on the Ca IEE Mod default timing. The grading would likely be balanced, which would result in no dirt being imported or exported from the project site. The grading activities would generate 15 worker trips per day. In order to account for water truck emissions, six vendor truck emissions were added to the grading phase. The onsite equipment would consist of one excavator, one grader, one rubber-tired dozer, and three of either tractors, loaders, or backhoes, which is based on the CalEEMod default equipment mix.
Building Construction
The building construction would occur after the completion of the grading phase and was modeled as occurring over 11 months, which is based on the CalEEMod default timing. The building construction phase would generate 58 worker trips and 23 vendor trips per day. The onsite equipment would consist 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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of the simultaneous operation of one crane, three forklifts, one generator, one welder, and three of either tractors, loaders, or backhoes, which is based on the CalEEMod default equipment mix.
Paving
The paving phase would consist of paving the truck loading area, driveways, and parking lots. The paving phase would occur after the completion of the building construction phase and was modeled as occurring over 18 workdays, which is based on the CalEEMod default timing. The paving phase would generate 20 worker trips per day. The onsite equipment would consist of the simultaneous operation of two cement and mortar mixers, one paver, two paving equipment, two rollers, and of one of either a tractor, loader, or a backhoe, which is based on the CalEEMod default equipment mix.
Architectural Coating
The application of architectural coatings would occur after completion of the paving phase and was modeled as occurring over 18 workdays, which is based on the CalEEMod default timing. The architectural coating phase was modeled based on covering 113,271 square feet of non-residential interior area, 37,757 square feet of non-residential exterior area, and 3,790 square feet of parking area. The architectural coating phase would generate 12 worker trips per day. The onsite equipment would consist of one air compressor, which is based on the CalEEMod default equipment mix.
Operational Emissions Modeling
The operations-related criteria air pollutant emissions and GHG emissions created by the proposed project have been analyzed through use of the CalEEMod model. The proposed project was analyzed in the CalEEMod model based on the land use parameters provided above and the parameters entered for each operational emission source is described below.
Mobile Sources
Mobile sources include emissions the additional vehicle miles generated from the proposed project. The daily vehicle trip rates associated with the proposed project have been obtained from the Traffic Impact, VMT Impact and Parking Assessment for the Proposed 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project (Traffic Analysis), prepared by Linscott Law & Greenspan, August 15, 2022. The Traffic Analysis found that the proposed project would generate a total of 156 weekday trips, of which would consist of the following breakdown: 125 passenger cars, 8 2-axle trucks, 7 3-axle trucks, and 16 4+ axle trucks. On weekends the Traffic Analysis found the proposed project would generate a total of 11 weekend trips, of which would consist of the following breakdown: 8 passenger cars, 12-axle trucks, 1 3-axle trucks, and 14+ axle trucks According to Review of SCAQMD Staff Comments and Testimony on Warehouse Projects, prepared by Southern California Leadership Council, March 14, 2014, SCAQMD details that truck trip length should be set to 40 miles in CalEEMod. In order to account for the longer truck trip length in CalEEMod, the 31 daily truck trips were analyzed under the "Parking lot" land use, where the trip length was set to 40 miles. For the 125 passenger car daily trips, the trips were analyzed under the "Unrefrigerated Warehouse" land use in CalEEMod. The passenger car trip lengths were based on the defau It trip lengths. The vehicle trips rate utilized in the CalEEMod model are provided in Table H. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Table H - Operation of Proposed Project Inventory of Vehicle Trips Daily Trip Generation Rates
Land Use Type in CalEEMod Vehicle Type Land Use Size1 Trips Rates2 Total Daily Trips Weekdays
Unrefrigerated Warehouse No Rail Passenger Cars 75.514 TSF 1.66 perTSF 125 Parking Lot Trucks l.45AC 21.38 per AC 31
Weekends
Unrefrigerated Warehouse No Rail Passenger Cars 75.514 TSF 0.11 per TSF 8 Parking Lot Trucks 1.45AC 2.07 per AC 3
Notes:
1 TSF = Thousand Square Foot; AC= Acre.
2 Daily Trip rates obtained from the Traffic Analysis (Linscott law & Greenspan, 2022).
In order to account for the 8 2-axle trucks, 7 3-axle trucks, and 16 4+axle trucks that were analyzed under the Parking Lot land use, the vehicle mix utilized in the CalEEMod model was adjusted to match the truck generation rates provided in the Traffic Analysis. In addition, the vehicle mix for the Unrefrigerated Warehouse land use was also adjusted to remove the truck trips from this land use. The vehicle mixes utilized in the CalEEMod model are shown in Table I. No other changes were made to the CalEEMod default mobile source parameters.
Table I - Operation of Proposed Project Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA LDTl LDT2 MDV LHD2 MHD HHD MCV
Unrefrigerated Warehouse No Rail 0.574 0.067 0.199 0.134 0 0 0 0.026 (Passenger Cars) Parking Lot (Trucks) 0 0 0 0 0.258 0.226 0.516 0 Notes:
lDA = light Duty Auto; LDTl = Light-Duty Trucks (less than 3,7S0 pounds gross vehicle weight rating [GVWR]); LDT2 = Light-Duty Trucks (3,7Sl to 6,000 pounds GVWR); MDV= Medium-Duty Trucks (6,000 to 8,500 pounds GVWR); lHD2 = light-Heavy-Duty Trucks 2 {GVWR 10,001 to 14,000 pounds); MHD = Medium-Heavy-Duty Trucks (GVWR 19,501 to 33,000 pounds); HHD = Heavy-Heavy-Duty Trucks (GVWR 33,000+ pounds); and MCY = motorcycles.
' The Parking Lot Truck fleet mix was based on the Truck Fleet Mix provided in the Traffic Analysis (Linscott Law & Greenspan, 2022), with 2-axle trucks analyzed as LHD2, 3-axle trucks analyzed as MHD, and 4+-axle trucks analyzed as HHD.
The CalEEMod model provides the selection of "mitigation" to account for project conditions that would result in less emissions than a project without these conditions, however it should be noted that this "mitigation" may represent current conditions, such as development that is in close proximity to existing sidewalks, where a project built at such location, would create less vehicle trips and associated emissions than a project that was not built in close proximity to existing sidewalks. The mobile source emissions modeling included the CalEEMod mitigation of improved pedestrian network onsite and connecting offsite, since the proposed project would install sidewalks onsite that would connect to the existing sidewalks on Crusader Avenue adjacent to the project site.
Area Sources
Area sources include em1ss1ons from consumer products, landscape equipment, and architectural coatings. The area source emissions were based on the on-going use of the proposed project in the CalEEMod model. No changes were made to the default area source parameters in the CalEEMod model. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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Energy Usage Energy usage includes emissions from electricity and natural gas used onsite. The energy usage was based on the ongoing use of the proposed project in the CalEEMod Model. No changes were made to the default energy usage parameters in the CalEEMod model.
Solid Waste
Waste includes the GHG emissions associated with the processing of waste from the proposed project as well as the GHG emissions from the waste once it is interred into a landfill. The analysis was based on the default CalEEMod waste generation rate of71 tons of solid waste peryearfrom the proposed project. No changes were made to the default solid waste parameters or mitigation measures in the CalEEMod model.
The CalEEMod "mitigation" of a SO percent reduction in landfill waste was selected to account for implementation of AB 341 that provides strategies to reduce, recycle or compost solid waste by 75 percent by 2020. Only 50 percent was selected, since AB 341 builds upon the waste reduction measures of SB 939 and 1374 and therefore, it was assumed approximately 25 percent of the waste reduction target has already been accounted for in the CalEEMod model.
Water and Wastewater Water includes the water used for the interior of the buildings as well as for landscaping and is based on the GHG emissions associated with the energy used to transport and filter the water. The analysis was based on the default CalEEMod unmitigated water usage rate of 17,461,700 gallons per year of water use.
No changes were made to the default water and wastewater parameters in the CalEEMod model.
The CalEEMod "mitigation" of the use of low flow faucets and toilets and use of smart irrigation system controllers were selected to account for the implementation of the 2019 CCR Title 24 Part 11 (CalGreen) requirements, which lowered the calculated water use for the proposed project to 14,737,700 gallons per year.
Off-Road Equipment
The primary activity that would require the use of off-road equipment would be associated with forklifts unloading/loading of truck deliveries. As detailed above, operation of the proposed project is anticipated to generate 31 daily truck trips. Based on 15 minutes of unloading/loading activities per truck trip, this would result in 7.75 hours of forklift activities per day, which was analyzed in CalEEMod as one forklift operating 8 hours per day. In order to account for Project Design Feature 1, that restricts the operation of diesel-powered off-road equipment on the project site during long-term operations of the project, the forklift was analyzed as being powered with compressed natural gas (CNG). 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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8.0 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
B.l Regional Air Quality
Many air quality impacts that derive from dispersed mobile sources, which are the dominate pollution generators in the Air Basin, often occurs hours later and miles away after photochemical processes have converted primary exhaust pollutants into secondary contaminants such as ozone. The incremental regional air quality impact of an individual project is generally very small and difficult to measure.
Therefore, SCAQMD has developed significance thresholds based on the volume of pollution emitted rather than on actual ambient air quality because the direct air quality impact of a project is not quantifiable on a regional scale. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that any project in the Air Basin with daily emissions that exceed any of the identified significance thresholds should be considered as having an individually and cumulatively significant air quality impact. For the purposes to this air quality impact analysis, a regional air quality impact would be considered significant if emissions exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds identified in Table J.
Table J - SCAQMD Regional Criteria Pollutant Emission Thresholds of Significance Construction
Operation
voe
75 55
NOx
100
55 Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)
CO SOx PMlO
550 150 150 550 150 150
PM2.5
55 55
Source: http:/ /www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality-significance•thresholds.pdf?sfvrsn=2
8.2 Local Air Quality
Lead
3 3
Project-related construction air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the Air Basin. In order to assess local air quality impacts the SCAQMD has developed Localized Significant Thresholds (LSTs) to assess the project-related air emissions in the project vicinity. SCAQMD has also provided Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (LST Methodology), July 2008, which details the methodology to analyze local air emission impacts. The LST Methodology found that the primary emissions of concern are NO2, CO, PM 10, and PM2.5.
The LST Methodology provides Look-Up Tables with different thresholds based on the location and size of the project site and distance to the nearest sensitive receptors. As detailed above in Section 6.3, the project site is located in Air Monitoring Area 4, which covers South Coastal Los Angeles County. The LookUp Tables provided in the LST Methodology include project site acreage sizes of 1-acre, 2-acres and 5- acres. Since the 3.93 acre project site is between the 2-acre and 5-acre sizes, the 2-acre and 5-acre thresholds were interpolated in order to develop the threshold for a 3.93-acre project site. The nearest sensitive receptor to the project site is Valley Christian High School that is located adjacent to the west side of the project site and where the nearest classrooms are located as near as 80 feet (24 meters) to the west of the project site. According to LST Methodology, any receptor located closer than 25 meters {82 feet} shall be based on the 25-meter thresholds. Table K below shows the LSTs for NO2, PM10 and PM2.S for both construction and operational activities.
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Activity
Construction
Operation
Notes:
Table K - SCAQMD Local Air Quality Thresholds of Significance NOx
108
108
Allowable Emissions (pounds/day}1
CO PMlO
1,285 12 1,285 3
PM2.5
7 2
'The nearest offsite sensitive receptors are classrooms at Valley Christian High School located as near as 80 feet (24 meters) from the project site. According to SCAQMD methodology, all receptors closer than 25 meters are based on the 25-meter threshold.
Source: Calculated from SCAQMD's Mass Rate Look-up Tables for two and five acres in Air Monitoring Area 4, South Coastal Los Angeles County.
8.3 Toxic Air Contaminants
According to the SCAQMD CEQA Handbook, any project that has the potential to expose the public to toxic air contaminants in excess of the following thresholds would be considered to have a significant air quality impact:
• If the Maximum Incremental Cancer Risk is 10 in one million or greater; or • Toxic air contaminants from the proposed project would result in a Hazard Index increase of 1 or greater.
In order to determine if the proposed project may have a significant impact related to toxic air contaminants (TA Cs), the Health Risk Assessment Guidance for analyzing Cancer Risks from Mobile Source Diesel Idling Emissions for CEQA Air Quality Analysis, (Diesel Analysis) prepared by SCAQMD, August 2003, recommends that if the proposed project is anticipated to create TACs through stationary sources or regular operations of diesel trucks on the project site, then the proximity of the nearest receptors to the source of the TAC and the toxicity of the HAP should be analyzed through a comprehensive facility-wide health risk assessment (HRA).
The comprehensive HRA for both construction and operation of the proposed project can be found below in Section 10.4.
8.4 Odor Impacts
The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that an odor impact would occur if the proposed project creates an odor nuisance pursuant to SCAQMD Rule 402, which states:
"A person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property.
The provisions of this rule shall not apply to odors emanating from agricultural operations necessary for the growing of crops or the raising of fowl or animals." If the proposed project results in a violation of Rule 402 with regards to odor impacts, then the proposed project would create a significant odor impact.
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8.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The proposed project is located within the jurisdiction of the SCAQMD. In order to identify significance criteria under CEQA for development projects, SCAQMD initiated a Working Group, which provided detailed methodology for evaluating significance under CEQA. At the September 28, 2010 Working Group meeting, the SCAQMD released its most current version of the draft GHG emissions thresholds, which recommends a tiered approach that provides a quantitative annual threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e for all land use projects. Although the SCAQMD provided substantial evidence supporting the use of the above threshold, the SCAQMD Board has not yet considered or approved the Working Group's thresholds.
It should be noted that SCAQMD's Working Group's thresholds were prepared prior to the issuance of Executive Order B-30-15 on April 29, 2015 that provided a reduction goal of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. This target was codified into statute through passage of AB 197 and SB 32 in September 2016.
However it should be noted that the California Supreme Court's ruling on Cleveland National Forest Foundation v. San Diego Association of Governments (Cleveland v. SAN DAG), Filed July 13, 2017 stated:
SANDAG did not abuse its discretion in declining to adopt the 2050 goal as a measure of significance in light of the fact that the Executive Order does not specify any plan or implementation measures to achieve its goal. fn its response to comments, the EIR said: "It is uncertain what role regional land use and transportation strategies can or should play in achieving the EO's 2050 emissions reduction target. A recent California Energy Commission report concludes, however, that the primary strategies to achieve this target should be major 'decarbonization' of electricity supplies and fuels, and major improvements in energy efficiency [citation].
Although, the above court case was referencing California's GHG emission targets for the year 2050, at this time it is also unclear what role land use strategies can or should play in achieving the AB 197 and SB 32 reduction goal of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. As such this analysis has relied on the SCAQMD Working Group's recommended thresholds. Therefore, the proposed project would be considered to create a significant cumulative GHG impact if the proposed project would exceed the annual threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e.
The GHG emissions analysis for both construction and operation of the proposed project can be found below in Sections 9.6 and 9.7.
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9.0 IMPACT ANALYSIS
9.1 CEQA Thresholds of Significance
Consistent with CEQA and the State CEQA Guidelines, a significant impact related to air quality and GHG emissions would occur if the proposed project is determined to:
• Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; • Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard; • Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; • Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people;
• Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment; or
• Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs.
9.2 Air Quality Compliance
The proposed project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of the SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). The following section discusses the proposed project's consistency with the SCAQMD AQMP.
SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires a discussion of any inconsistencies between a proposed project and applicable General Plans and regional plans (CEQA Guidelines Section 15125). The regional plan that applies to the proposed project includes the SCAQMD AQMP. Therefore, this section discusses any potential inconsistencies of the proposed project with the AQMP.
The purpose of this discussion is to set forth the issues regarding consistency with the assumptions and objectives of the AQMP and discuss whether the proposed project would interfere with the region's ability to comply with Federal and State air quality standards. If the decision-makers determine that the proposed project is inconsistent, the lead agency may consider project modifications or inclusion of mitigation to eliminate the inconsistency.
The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that "New or amended GP Elements (including land use zoning and density amendments), Specific Plans, and significant projects must be analyzed for consistency with the AQMP." Strict consistency with all aspects of the plan is usually not required. A proposed project should be considered to be consistent with the AQMP if it furthers one or more policies and does not obstruct other policies. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook identifies two key indicators of consistency:
(1) Whether the project will result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations or cause or contribute to new violations, or delay timely attainment of air quality standards or the interim emission reductions specified in the AQMP. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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(2) Whether the project will exceed the assumptions in the AQMP or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase.
Both of these criteria are evaluated in the following sections.
Criterion 1-Increase in the Frequency or Severity of Violations? Based on the air quality modeling analysis contained in this report, short-term regional construction air emissions would not result in significant impacts based on SCAQMD regional thresholds of significance discussed above in Section 8.1 or local thresholds of significance discussed above in Section 8.2. The ongoing operation of the proposed project would generate air pollutant emissions that are inconsequential on a regional basis and would not result in significant impacts based on SCAQMD thresholds of significance discussed above in Section 8.1. The analysis for long-term local air quality impacts showed that local pollutant concentrations would not exceed the air quality standards.
Therefore, a less than significant long-term impact would occur and no mitigation would be required.
Therefore, based on the information provided above, the proposed project would be consistent with the first criterion.
Criterion 2 - Exceed Assumptions in the AQMP?
Consistency with the AQMP assumptions is determined by performing an analysis of the proposed project with the assumptions in the AQMP. The emphasis of this criterion is to ensure that the analyses conducted for the proposed project are based on the same forecasts as the AQMP. The AQMP is developed through use of the planning forecasts provided in the Connect SoCal and 2019 FTIP. The Connect SoCal is a major planning document for the regional transportation and land use network within Southern California. The Connect SoCal is a long-range plan that is required by federal and state requirements placed on SCAG and is updated every four years. The 2019 FTIP provides long-range planning for future transportation improvement projects that are constructed with state and/or federal funds within Southern California.
Local governments are required to use these plans as the basis of their plans for the purpose of consistency with applicable regional plans under CEQA. For this project, the City of Cerritos General Plan's Land Use Plan defines the assumptions that are represented in AQMP.
The project site is currently designated as Light Industrial in the General Plan. The proposed warehouse project is consistent with the current land use designation and would not require a General Plan Amendment. As such, the proposed project is not anticipated to exceed the AQMP assumptions for the project site and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the second criterion.
Based on the above, the proposed project will not result in an inconsistency with the SCAQMD AQMP.
Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur in relation to implementation of the AQMP.
Level of Significance
Less than significant impact.
9.3 Cumulative Net Increase in Non-Attainment Pollution The proposed project would not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard.
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The SCAQMD has published a report on how to address cumulative impacts from air pollution: White Paper on Potential Control Strategies to Address Cumulative Impacts from Air Pollution (http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/Agendas/Environmental-Justice/cumulative-impactsworking-group/cumulative-impacts-white-paper.pdf). In this report the AQMD clearly states (Page D-3):
" ... the AQMD uses the same significance thresholds for project specific and cumulative impacts for all environmental topics analyzed in an Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The only case where the significance thresholds for project specific and cumulative impacts differ is the Hazard Index (HI) significance threshold for TAC emissions. The project specific (project increment) significance threshold is HI> 1.0 while the cumulative (facility- wide) is HI> 3.0. It should be noted that the HI is only one of three TAC emission significance thresholds considered (when applicable) in a CEQA analysis. The other two are the maximum individual cancer risk {MICR) and the cancer burden, both of which use the same significance thresholds {MICR of 10 in 1 million and cancer burden of 0.5) for project specific and cumulative impacts. Projects that exceed the project-specific significance thresholds ore considered by the SCAQMD to be cumulatively considerable. This is the reason project-specific and cumulative significance thresholds are the same. Conversely, projects that do not exceed the project-specific thresholds are genera/fy not considered to be cumulatively significant."
Therefore, this analysis assumes that individual projects that do not generate operational or construction emissions that exceed the SCAQMD's recommended daily thresholds for project- specific impacts would also not cause a cumulatively considerable increase in emissions for those pollutants for which the Basin is in nonattainment, and, therefore, would not be considered to have a significant, adverse air quality impact. Alternatively, individual project-related construction and operational emissions that exceed SCAQMD thresholds for project-specific impacts would be considered cumulatively considerable. The following section calculates the potential air emissions associated with the construction and operations of the proposed project and compares the emissions to the SCAQMD standards.
Construction Emissions
The construction activities for the proposed project are anticipated to include demolition of the existing 32,000 square foot industrial building and approximately 3 acres of pavement area, site preparation and grading of the 3.93-acre project site, building construction of the proposed 75,514 square foot warehouse, paving of truck loading area, driveways, and parking lots, and application of architectural coatings. The construction emissions have been analyzed for both regional and local air quality impacts.
Construction-Related Regional Impacts
The CalEEMod model has been utilized to calculate the construction-related regional emissions from the proposed project and the input parameters utilized in this analysis have been detailed in Section 7.1. The worst-case summer or winter daily construction-related criteria pollutant emissions from the proposed project for each phase of construction activities are shown below in Table L and the CalEEMod daily printouts are shown in Appendix A.
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Table L- Construction-Related Regional Criteria Pollutant Emissions Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)
Activity voe NOx co S02 PM10 PM2.5
Demolition1
Onsite2 2.27 21.48 19.64 0.04 2.93 1.22 Offsite3 0.10 3.40 1.43 0.02 0.63 0.19 Total 2.37 24.88 21.07 0.06 3.56 1.41
Site Preparation1
Onsite2 2.66 27.52 18.24 0.04 8.93 5.10 Offsite3 0.07 0.29 0.74 <0.01 0.24 0.07 Total 2.73 27.81 18.99 0.04 9.17 5.17
Grading1 Onsite2 1.71 17.94 14.75 0.03 3.54 2.05 Offsite3 0.06 0.28 0.63 <0.01 0.21 0.06 Total 1.77 18.21 15.38 0.03 3.75 2.11
Building Construction
Onsite2 1.57 14.38 16.24 0.03 0.70 0.66 Offsite3 0.23 1.07 2.44 0.01 0.80 0.22 Total 1.80 15.45 18.69 0.04 1.50 0.88
Paving
Onsite 1.09 8.27 12.22 0.02 0.40 0.37 Offsite 0.06 0.04 0.67 <0.01 0.22 0.06 Total 1.16 8.32 12.90 0.02 0.62 0.43
Architectural Coatings
Onsite 40.05 1.22 1.81 <0.01 0.06 0.06 Offsite 0.04 0.03 0.40 <0.01 0.13 0.04 Total 40.08 1.24 2.21 <0.01 0.19 0.10
Maximum Daily Construction Emissions 40.08 27.81 21.07 0.06 9.17 5.17 SCQAMD Thresholds 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No No No
Notes:
1 Demolition, Site Preparation and Grading based on adherence to fugitive dust suppression requirements from SCAQMD Rule 403. 2 Onsite emissions from equipment not operated on public roads. ' Offsite emissions from vehicles operating on public roads.
Source: CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0.
Table L shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the regional em1ss1ons thresholds during either demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, or architectural coatings phases. Therefore, a less than significant regional air quality impact would occur from construction of the proposed project.
Construction-Related Local Impacts Construction-related air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the Air Basin.
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The local air quality emissions from construction were analyzed through utilizing the methodology described in Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (LST Methodology), prepared by SCAQMD, revised October 2009. The LST Methodology found the primary criteria pollutant emissions of concern are NOx, CO, PMl0, and PM2.5. In order to determine if any of these pollutants require a detailed analysis of the local air quality impacts, each phase of construction was screened using the SCAQMD's Mass Rate LST Look-up Tables. The Look-up Tables were developed by the SCAQMD in order to readily determine if the daily onsite emissions of CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 from the proposed project could result in a significant impact to the local air quality. Table M shows the onsite emissions from the CalEEMod model for the different construction phases and the calculated localized emissions thresholds that have been detailed above in Section 8.2.
Table M - Construction-Related Local Criteria Pollutant Emissions Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
Construction Phase NOx co PMl0 PM2.S
Demolition2 21.91 19.82 3.01 1.24
Site Preparation2 27.56 18.34 8.96 5.11
Grading2 17.97 14.83 3.56 2.06
Building Construction 14.52 16.55 0.80 0.69
Paving 8.28 12.31 0.43 0.38
Architectural Coatings 1.22 1.81 0.06 0.06
Maximum Daily Construction Emissions 27.56 19.82 8.96 5.11 SCAQMD Local Construction Thresholds3 108 1,285 12 7
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No
Notes:
1 The Pollutant Emissions include 100% of the On-Site emissions (off-road equipment and fugitive dust) and 1/8 of the Off-Site emissions [on road trucks and worker vehicles), in order to account for the on-road emissions that occur within a ¼ mile of the project site 2 Demolition, Site Preparation and Grading phases based on adherence to fugitive dust suppression requirements from SCAQMD Rule 403. 3 The nearest off site sensitive receptors are classrooms at Valley Christian High School located as near as 80 feet (24 meters) from the project site. According to SCAQMD methodology, all receptors closer than 25 meters are based on the 2S•meter threshold.
Source: Calculated from SCAQMD's Mass Rate Look-up Tables for two and five acres in Air Monitoring Area 4, South Coastal Los Angeles County.
The data provided in Table M shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the local emissions thresholds during either demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, or architectural coatings phases. Therefore, a less than significant local air quality impact would occur from construction of the proposed project.
Operational Emissions
The ongoing operation of the proposed project would result in a long-term increase in air quality emissions. This increase would be due to emissions from the project-generated vehicle trips, emissions from energy usage, onsite area source emissions, and off-road equipment created from the on-going use of the proposed project. The following section provides an analysis of potential long-term air quality impacts due to regional air quality and local air quality impacts with the on-going operations of the proposed project.
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Operations-Related Regional Criteria Pollutant Analysis The operations-related regional criteria air quality impacts created by the proposed project have been analyzed through use of the Ca IEE Mod model and the input parameters utilized in this analysis have been detailed in Section 7.1. The worst-case summer or winter voe, NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 daily emissions created from the proposed project's long-term operations have been calculated and are summarized below in Table N and the Ca IEE Mod daily emissions printouts are shown in Appendix A.
Table N - Operational Regional Criteria Pollutant Emissions Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)
Activity voe NOx co S02
Area Sources1 1.71 <0.01 <0.01 0.00
Energy Usage2 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01
Mobile Sources3 0.53 5.39 5.99 0.04
Off-Road Equipment4 0.01 0.66 9.27 <0.01
Total Emissions 2.26 6.07 15.28 0.04
SCQAMD Operational Thresholds 55 55 550 150
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No
Notes:
1 Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. 2 Energy usage consist of emissions from electricity and natural gas usage. ' Mobile sources consist of emissions from vehicles and road dust.
PM10
<0.01 <0.01
2.23 <0.01
2.24 1S0
No
PM2.5
<0.01
<0.01
0.64 <0.01
0.65 55
No
4 Off-road equipment consists of emissions from forklifts utilized onsite (Project Design Feature 1 restricts the operation of diesel-powered forklifts, so forklifts have been analyzed as CNG-powered.
Source: Calculated from CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0.
The data provided in Table N shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the regional emissions thresholds. Therefore, a less than significant regional air quality impact would occur from operation of the proposed project.
Friant Ranch Case
The operations-related regional criteria air quality impacts In Sierra Cfub v. County of Fresno (2018) 6 Cal.5th 502 (also referred to as "Friant Ranch"), the California Supreme Court held that when an EIR concluded that when a project would have significant impacts to air quality impacts, an EIR should "make a reasonable effort to substantively connect a project's air quality impacts to likely health consequences." In order to determine compliance with this Case, the Court developed a multi-part test that includes the following:
1) The air quality discussion shall describe the specific health risks created from each criteria pollutant, including diesel particulate matter.
This Analysis details the specific health risks created from each criteria pollutant above in Section 4.1 and specifically in Table B. In addition, the specific health risks created from diesel particulate matter is detailed above in Section 2.2 of this analysis. As such, this analysis meets the part 1 requirements of the Friant Ranch Case.
2) The analysis shall identify the magnitude of the health risks created from the Project. The Ru ling details how to identify the magnitude of the health risks. Specifically, on page 24 of the ruling it states "The Court of Appeal identified several ways in which the EIR could have framed the 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos
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analysis so as to adequately inform the public and decision makers of possible adverse health effects. The County could have, for example, identified the Project's impact on the days of nonattainment per year."
The Friant Ranch Case found that an El R's air quality analysis must meaningfully connect the identified air quality impacts to the human health consequences of those impacts, or meaningfully explain why that analysis cannot be provided. As noted in the Brief of Amicus Curiae by the SCAQMD in the Friant Ranch case ( https ://www.courts.ca.gov/ docu ments/9-s219783-ac-south-coast-air-qua lity-mgt-dist-041315.pdf} (Brief), SCAQMD has among the most sophisticated air quality modeling and health impact evaluation capability of any of the air districts in the State, and thus it is uniquely situated to express an opinion on how lead agencies should correlate air quality impacts with specific health outcomes. The SCAQMD discusses that it may be infeasible to quantify health risks caused by projects similar to the proposed Project, due to many factors. It is necessary to have data regarding the sources and types of air toxic contaminants, location of emission points, velocity of emissions, the meteorology and topography of the area, and the location of receptors (worker and residence). The Brief states that it may not be feasible to perform a health risk assessment for airborne toxics that will be emitted by a generic industrial building that was built on "speculation" (i.e., without knowing the future tenant(s)). Even where a health risk assessment can be prepared, however, the resulting maximum health risk value is only a calculation of risk, it does not necessarily mean anyone will contract cancer as a result of the Project. The Brief also cites the author of the CARB methodology, which reported that a PM2.5 methodology is not suited for small projects and may yield unreliable results. Similarly, SCAQMD staff does not currently know of a way to accurately quantify ozone-related health impacts caused by NOX or voe emissions from relatively small projects, due to photochemistry and regional model limitations. The Brief concludes, with respect to the Friant Ranch EIR, that although it may have been technically possible to plug the data into a methodology, the results would not have been reliable or meaningful.
On the other hand, for extremely large regional projects (unlike the proposed project}, the SCAQMD states that it has been able to correlate potential health outcomes for very large emissions sources - as part of their rulemaking activity, specifically 6,620 pounds per day of NOx and 89,180 pounds per day of VOC were expected to result in approximately 20 premature deaths per year and 89,947 school absences due to ozone. As shown above in Table L, project-related construction activities would generate a maximum of 40.08 pounds per day of VOC and 27.81 pounds per day of NOx and as shown above in Table N, operation of the proposed project would generate 2.26 pounds per day of VOC and 6.07 pounds per day NOx. The proposed project would not generate anywhere near these levels of 6,620 pounds per day of NOx or 89,190 pounds per day of voe emissions. Therefore, the proposed project's emissions are not sufficiently high enough to use a regional modeling program to correlate health effects on a basin-wide level.
Notwithstanding, this analysis does evaluate the proposed project's localized impact to air quality for emissions of CO, NOX, PMlO, and PM2.5 by comparing the proposed project's onsite emissions to the SCAQMD's applicable LST thresholds. As evaluated in this analysis, the proposed project would not result in emissions that exceeded the SCAQMD's LSTs. Therefore, the proposed project would not be expected to exceed the most stringent applicable federal or state ambient air quality standards for emissions of CO, NOX, PMlO, and PM2.5.
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Operations-Related local Air Quality Impacts
Project-related air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the Air Basin. The proposed project has been analyzed for the potential local CO emission impacts from the project-generated vehicular trips and from the potential local air quality impacts from on-site operations. The following analyzes the vehicular CO emissions and local impacts from on-site operations.
Local CO Hotspot Impacts from Project-Generated Vehicular Trips CO is the pollutant of major concern along roadways because the most notable source of CO is motor vehicles. For this reason, CO concentrations are usually indicative of the local air quality generated by a roadway network and are used as an indicator of potential local air quality impacts. local air quality impacts can be assessed by comparing future without and with project CO levels to the State and Federal CO standards of 20 ppm over one hour or 9 ppm over eight hours.
At the time of the 1993 Handbook, the Air Basin was designated nonattainment under the CAAQS and NAAQS for CO. With the turnover of older vehicles, introduction of cleaner fuels, and implementation of control technology on industrial facilities, CO concentrations in the Air Basin and in the state have steadily declined. In 2007, the Air Basin was designated in attainment for CO under both the CAAQS and NAAQS.
SCAQMD conducted a CO hot spot analysis for attainment at the busiest intersections in Los Angeles during the peak morning and afternoon periods and did not predict a violation of CO standards3. Since the nearby intersections to the proposed project are much smaller with less traffic than what was analyzed by the SCAQMD, no local CO Hotspot are anticipated to be created from the proposed project and no CO Hotspot modeling was performed. Therefore, a less than significant long-term air quality impact is anticipated to local air quality with the on-going use of the proposed project.
Local Criteria Pollutant Impacts from Onsite Operations Project-related air emissions from onsite sources such as architectural coatings, landscaping equipment, and onsite usage of natural gas appliances may have the potential to create emissions areas that exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the Air Basin.
The local air quality emissions from onsite operations were analyzed using the SCAQMD's Mass Rate LST Look-up Tables and the methodology described in LST Methodology. The Look-up Tables were developed by the SCAQMD in order to readily determine if the daily emissions of CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 from the proposed project could result in a significant impact to the local air quality. Table N shows the onsite emissions from the Cal EE Mod model that includes area sources, energy usage, onsite off-road equipment, and vehicles operating in the immediate vicinity of the project site and the calculated emissions thresholds.
3The four intersections analyzed by the SCAQMD were: Long Beach Boulevard and Imperial Highway; Wilshire Boulevard and Veteran Avenue; Sunset Boulevard and Highland Avenue; and La Cienega Boulevard and Century Boulevard. The busiest intersection evaluated (Wilshire and Veteran) had a daily traffic volume of approximately 100,000 vehicles per day with LOSE in the morning and LOS Fin the evening peak hour. 17600 Crusader Avenue Warehouse Project, Air Quality and GHG Emissions Impact Analysis City of Cerritos