Clovis City Council
August 3, 2026

roof area shall be used to determine the need for automatic fire sprinklers, including covered walkways, patios, and porches. A Fire Department permit is required for an automatic fire sprinkler installation. Consideration should be given to the fire service water supply for size and fire sprinkler design for the intended Occupancy use.

63. Underground Fire Service Line Installation: Installation shall be per Clovis Fire Standard #2.1.

Prior to installation, the applicant shall submit fire sprinkler underground water supply plans for review and approval and issuance of a permit by the Clovis Fire Department. Prior to final acceptance, the underground fire service line shall be inspected, pressure tested and flushed in the presence of a Clovis Fire Department inspector. A permit is required to be on-site for all inspections requests. NOTE – When a fire pump is required by the overhead system demand, the FDC shall be connected on the discharge side of the fire pump.

64. FDC Location: The Fire Department Connection to the automatic fire sprinkler system shall be shown on the site utility plan. Installation shall be per Clovis Fire Standard #2.1. This will be reviewed and approved by the Clovis Fire Department before installation.

65. Monitored Sprinklers: All valves controlling the water supply for automatic sprinkler systems and water flow switches on all sprinkler systems shall be electronically monitored for integrity.

66. Double Detector Check Valve: All projects submitted for review on or after January 1st, 2026, shall install an approved double detector check backflow device on the underground fire service line as noted Clovis Fire Standard #2.1.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

67. Fire Extinguishers for Light Hazard Occupancies - Install approved fire extinguishers, 2A-10BC minimum rating, one per each 6000 square feet for light hazard occupancies, with a maximum travel of seventy-five feet from any point in building. These should be located and approved by the Clovis Fire Department prior to building occupancy.

BUILDING INFORMATION

68. Security Gates: All security gates must comply with Clovis Fire Department Gate Standard #1.5. Plans must be submitted for Fire Department review and permit issuance prior to installation. Gates must be inspected and tested for proper operation prior to occupancy.

69. Address Numbers: Address numbers shall be installed on every building as per adopted Clovis Fire Department Standard #1.8. Large commercial, industrial buildings may require additional building addressing on the back side of the building as approved by Clovis Fire Department.

70. Building numbers shall:

1. Be a minimum of twelve inches (12”) tall.

2. Be a minimum of one and one-half inches (1½”) principal stroke width.

3. Be located above any eaves or walkway coverings, if possible.

4. Face the street in which it is addressed, if possible.

5. Buildings with multiple units shall be identified with unit numbers at both front and rear entrances.

6. Buildings with multiple address numbers shall also have the address numbers on the rear door. (Rear door numbers are not required to be illuminated if reflectorized.)

7. Unit numbers and rear door building numbers shall be at least four inches (4”) in height.

PROJECT REVIEW

71. This project was reviewed by the fire department only for requirements related to water supply, fire hydrants, and fire apparatus access to the building(s) on site. Review for compliance with fire and life safety requirements for the building interior and its intended use are reviewed by both the Fire Department and the Building Departments. When a submittal for building plan review is made as required by the California Building Code by the architect or engineer of record for the building further comments will be given.

COUNTY OF FRESNO DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION (Kevin Tsuda, FID Department Representative – (559) 600-3327)

72. The applicant shall refer to the attached Department of Environmental Health correspondence.

If the list is not attached, please contact the Department for the list of requirements.

FRESNO IRRIGATION DISTRICT
(Jeremy Landrith, FID Department Representative – (559) 233-7161)

73. The applicant shall refer to the attached Fresno Irrigation District correspondence. If the list is not attached, please contact the District for the list of requirements.

FRESNO METROPOLITAN FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT
(Anthony Zaragoza, FMFCD Department Representative – (559) 456-3292)

74. The applicant shall refer to the attached FMFCD correspondence. If the list is not attached, please contact the District for the list of requirements.

T
T
T
T

GENERAL SITE PLAN NOTES

1. REFER TO CIVIL DOCUMENTS.

2. COORDINATE ALL SPOT ELEVATIONS AND DIMENSIONS WITH CIVIL, LANDSCAPE, AND OR STRUCTURAL DOCUMENTS. 3. PROVIDE POSITIVE DRAINAGE AWAY FROM ALL BUILDINGS OF 1% MINIMUM, 2% MAXIMUM AT ALL EXTERIOR PAVED PEDESTRIAN AREAS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SIDEWALKS, PATIOS, STAIRS, PAVING, U.N.O. 4. PROVIDE AND INSTALL POSITIVE DRAINAGE AWAY FROM ALL BUILDINGS OF 5% FOR A HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF 10 FEET AT ALL EXTERIOR NON-PAVED AREAS U.N.O. 5. REFER TO CIVIL DOCUMENTS FOR CONCRETE SIDEWALK EXPANSION JOINTS AND CONCRETE SIDEWALK CONTROL JOINTS. 6. VERIFY AND CONFIRM ALL JOINT LAYOUTS AT ALL CONCRETE SIDEWALKS WITH ARCHITECT PRIOR TO POURING OF CONCRETE. 7. PROVIDE AND INSTALL CONCRETE SIDEWALK EXPANSION JOINTS AT AREAS NOT SPECIFICALLY INDICATED AT 50 FEET ON-CENTER MAX. U.N.O. 8. PROVIDE AND INSTALL CONCRETE SIDEWALK CONTROL JOINTS AT AREAS NOT SPECIFICALLY INDICATED AT DISTANCES EQUIVALENT TO SIDEWALK WIDTH, BUT NOT TO EXCEED 10 FEET ON-CENTER MAX. 9. VERIFY ALL SITE SIGNAGE LOCATIONS WITH ARCHITECT PRIOR TO INSTALLATION OF SITE SIGNAGE. 10. EXTERIOR FACING SIDE OF CMU FENCE TO RECEIVE FULL-HEIGHT ANTI-GRAFFITI COATING. 11. CMU FENCE AND ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCE TO BE PER LOMA VISTA PLANNED DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS. 12. ALL CMU SITE WALLS TO RECEIVE WASH CAP OR CAP BLOCK COURSE PER LOMA VISTA PLANNED DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS. 13. SEE SHEET E-101 FOR SITE LIGHTING INFORMATION

SITE PLAN LEGEND

LANDSCAPE AREA

CONCRETE SIDEWALK

PROPOSED BUILDING

PROPERTY LINE

ORNAMENTAL FENCE

EASEMENT

LINE / SETBACK

ASSUMED PROPERTY LINE

ENCINO AVENUE
PROPOSED NEW CLOVIS P.D. ALTERNATE DISPATCH CENTER 45 DEGREE STREET

PARKING, SEE
DETAIL 18/AX101
TRAIL

COVERED COLONNADE

OUTDOOR PATIO

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
FENCE
LINE

FENCE LINE
3'-0" WIDE NEW METAL GATE AT

EXISTING METAL FENCE

TRANSFORMER
EV

CHARGING
CITY

SIDEWALK

DOUBLE ROLLING
GATE
2 EXISTING PARKING

STALLS TO REMAIN

ADA ADA
24'-0 241/256"

CMU WALL
8'-8" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 8'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 10'-0" 26'-0"

LANDSCAPING

LANDSCAPING
LANDSCAPING BUILDING SETBACK TO ALIGN WITH FIRE STATION 6 AX101 17 12' - 0"
FLAG
POLE,

SEE DTL
16/AX101
5'-0" GATE
GATE
(E) VALLEY
GUTTER
45°
AX101 19

CURB RAMP

CURB RAMP
CLR.4' - 0"
CLR.4' - 0"
20'-0" 26'-0" 18'-0"

GENERATOR

LOCATION, SEE

ELECTRICAL

DRAWINGS

FUTURE TRASH

ENCLOSURE,

SHOWN DASHED
48" MIN. CLR.

ROLLING GATE

CONTROLLER,

VERIFY LOCATION

WITH OWNER

SITE ANALYSIS LEGEND PROPERTY LINE

ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL (E) ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL (E) BUILDING NOT IN SCOPE (E) / PROPOSED FIRE HYDRANT

ASSUMED PROPERTY LINE
(E) BUILDING TO BE RENOVATED

PROPOSED BUILDING
(E) / PROPOSED

FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION
(E) / PROPOSED

POST INDICATOR VALVE
PROPOSED BUILDING I.D. SIGN (E) / PROPOSED FIRE LANE

FIRE ALARM CONTROL ROOM /

FIRE SPRINKLER RISER LOCATION ACCESSIBLE TOILET ROOM
(E) FH FH (E) FDC FDC (E) PIV PIV X

VAN EVCS VAN
EVCS

VAN ACCESSIBLE STALL /

VAN ACCESSIBLE STALL WITH EVCS ACCESSIBLE STALL /

ACCESSIBLE STALL WITH EVCS
EVCS
EV

EV CHARGING STATION
(EVCS WITH EVCE)

EV CAPABLE PARKING STALL
NOTE:

REFER TO CIVIL DRAWINGS FOR PAVEMENT MARKING AND EQUIPMENT DETAILS.

SITE ANALYSIS LEGEND PROPERTY LINE

ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL (E) ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL (E) BUILDING NOT IN SCOPE (E) / PROPOSED FIRE HYDRANT

ASSUMED PROPERTY LINE
(E) BUILDING TO BE RENOVATED

PROPOSED BUILDING
(E) / PROPOSED

FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION
(E) / PROPOSED

POST INDICATOR VALVE
PROPOSED BUILDING I.D. SIGN (E) / PROPOSED FIRE LANE

FIRE ALARM CONTROL ROOM /

FIRE SPRINKLER RISER LOCATION ACCESSIBLE TOILET ROOM
(E) FH FH (E) FDC FDC (E) PIV PIV X

VAN EVCS VAN
EVCS

VAN ACCESSIBLE STALL /

VAN ACCESSIBLE STALL WITH EVCS ACCESSIBLE STALL /

ACCESSIBLE STALL WITH EVCS
EVCS
EV

EV CHARGING STATION
(EVCS WITH EVCE)

EV CAPABLE PARKING STALL
NOTE:

REFER TO CIVIL DRAWINGS FOR PAVEMENT MARKING AND EQUIPMENT DETAILS.

PATH OF TRAVEL NOTES ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL (P.O.T.) THE ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL AS INDICATED ON PLAN IS A BARRIER-FREE ACCESS ROUTE WITHOUT ANY ABRUPT LEVEL CHANGES EXCEEDING 1/2" BEVELED AT 1:2 MAXIMUM SLOPE OR VERTICAL LEVEL CHANGES NOT EXCEEDING 1/4" MAXIMUM AND AT LEAST 48" IN WIDTH. SURFACE IS STABLE, FIRM AND SLIP RESISTANT, CROSS SLOPE DOES NOT EXCEED 2% AND SLOPE IN THE DIRECTION OF TRAVEL IS LESS THAN 5% UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED. ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL SHALL BE MAINTAINED FREE OF OVERHANGING OBSTRUCTIONS TO 80" MINIMUM AND PROTRUDING OBJECTS GREATER THAN 4" PROJECTION FROM WALL ABOVE 27" AND LESS THAN 80".

N
FRESNO, CA 559-448-8400

KEY PLAN

DATE PROJECT NUMBER
CLIENT

DRAWING HISTORY
www.pbk.com

PLAN & TRUE
FOR BLUEBEAM LABELING/OCR:

Plot Stamp:
1"
0"
NORTH:

DRAWN BY: CHECKED BY:
5/4/2026 10:16:30 AM
CITY OF CLOVIS P.D. ALT.

DISPATCH CENTER
AS101

SITE PLAN
01/30/2026 250361 City of Clovis Police Department
2288 ENCINO AVENUE
CLOVIS, CA 93619
AS101 SITE PLAN
Author Checker
250361
SCALE:1/16" = 1'-0" 1SITE PLAN
N
12" = 1'-0" SITE ANALYSIS LEGEND - CA
12" = 1'-0" SITE ANALYSIS P.O.T. NOTES - CA

A BC DE F
This is a Shared Nested GAnno Family. Access Family from the Project Environment to Edit. **Delete Note after Edits** These documents are incomplete and are for interim review only, and may not be used for regulatory approval, permit, or construction.

INTERIM NOTIFICATION
CONSTRUCTION TYPE: VB
OCCUPANCY: B, E, S-1AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLERS: YES
ALLOWABLE HEIGHT: 60' / 3 STORIES
ACTUAL HEIGHT: 29' / 1-STORY
ALLOWABLE BUILDING FLOOR AREA: 36,000 SF
ACTUAL GROSS BUILDING AREA: 4,500 SF OVERHANGS:

TOTAL:

No. Description Date
Attachment 2

PROFESSIONAL SEAL
ARCHITECT PBK Architects, Inc.

DATE PROJECT NUMBER

DRAWN BY REVISIONS
FRESNO 7790 North Palm Avenue Fresno, CA 93711 559-448-8400 P 559-448-8467 F PBK.com 15 2 3 4 6 8 7 9 11 10 12 14 13 15
1 5 2 3 4 6 8 7 9 11 10 12 14 13 15

K J LH G I E D F B A C

K J L H G I E D F B A C
FILE NO. PTN NO.
9/16/2025 11:18:31 AM Autodesk Docs://City of Clovis_250TBD_Police Alt Dispatch Center/AR25_Clovis PD Alternate Dispatch Center.rvt

CLOVIS PD ALTERNATE

DISPATCH CENTER
[Project Status]
LEVEL 1 -OVERALL FLOOR PLAN
09/05/2025 250361
[Project Status]
Clovis, CA
A-101
Author
1/8" = 1'-0" 01 LEVEL 1 - OVERALL FLOOR PLAN
# DESCRIPTION DATE 01 SCHEMATIC DESIGN 09.05.2025
N
DW
A-501
1 A-501 2
A-501
3 A-501 4
1 A-601
2 A-601
1 2 3 4 5
A
B
DD
C
A.7
EE
3 A-601

PLANTING AREA

TRAINING ROOM SHELL ONLY
INTERIOR FINISHES ARE ADD. ALTERNATE

VESTIBULE
101

DIRECTOR OFFICE
102
CUST. / STG.
103
FSR
104

BREAK ROOM
105
LACT. / QUIET
106

OPEN OFFICE
107

CIRCULATION
108
I.T.
109
MEN
110
WOMEN
111
STOR.
112
STOR.
113

TRAINING
114

EXTERIOR PATIO
115
FRESNO, CA 559-448-8400

www.pbk.com

02/16/2026
A-101

PROFESSIONAL SEAL
ARCHITECT PBK Architects, Inc.

DATE PROJECT NUMBER

DRAWN BY REVISIONS
FRESNO 7790 North Palm Avenue Fresno, CA 93711 559-448-8400 P 559-448-8467 F PBK.com 1 5 2 3 4 6 8 7 9 11 10 12 14 13 15
1 5 2 3 4 6 8 7 9 11 10 12 14 13 15

K J L H G I E D F B A C

K J L H G I E D F B A C
FILE NO. PTN NO.
9/16/2025 11:18:35 AM Autodesk Docs://City of Clovis_250TBD_Police Alt Dispatch Center/AR25_Clovis PD Alternate Dispatch Center.rvt

CLOVIS PD ALTERNATE

DISPATCH CENTER
[Project Status]

SCHEMATIC RENDERINGS
09/05/2025 250361
[Project Status]
Clovis, CA
A-502
Author
# DESCRIPTION DATE

PERSPECTIVE VIEW LOOKING AT BUILDING ENTRY PERSPECTIVE VIEW LOOKING EAST TOWARD BUILDING ENTRY PERSPECTIVE VIEW LOOKING WEST ALONG ENCINO AVE. PERSPECTIVE VIEW LOOKING EAST FROM TRAIL SIDE OF PROJECT

AERIAL PERSPECTIVE LOOKING NORTH AERIAL PERSPECTIVE LOOKING EAST AERIAL PERSPECTIVE LOOKING WEST AERIAL PERSPECTIVE LOOKING SOUTH FRESNO, CA 559-448-8400

www.pbk.com

02/16/2026
A-502

EXISTING 2'± RETAINING WALLWITH 6' HIGH WROUGHT IRON FENCEICVCP#101 PROPOSED NEW CLOVISP.D. ALTERNATEDISPATCH CENTERENCINO AVENUE

PARKING LOT TREESACCENT TREESSHADE TREESSTREETSCAPE TREESACCENT SHURBSFOUNDATION PLANTINGPARKING LOT PLANTINGSTREETSCAPEPLANTINGGROUNDCOVERPLANTING

CONCEPT PLANT SCHEDULE
SYMBOLDESCRIPTION01 PAVEMENTS, RAMPS, CURBSPAVING TYPE 1PAVING TYPE 2AC PAVINGMATERIALS SCHEDULE

PROFESSIONAL SEAL
ARCHITECTPBK Architects, Inc.

DATEPROJECT NUMBERDRAWN BYREVISIONS
FRESNO 7790 North Palm AvenueFresno, CA 93711559-448-8400 P559-448-8467 FPBK.com 1 52346879111012141315
1 52346879111012141315 KJLHGIEDFBAC
KJLHGIEDFBACFILE NO.PTN NO.CLOVIS PD ALTERNATEDISPATCH CENTERDESIGN DEVELOPMENT01/23/2026250361DESIGN DEVELOPMENTClovis, CAAuthor#DESCRIPTIONDATE01SCHEMATIC DESIGN09.05.2025 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTEDGELAND GROUP, Inc.4250 Executive Square, Suite 101,La Jolla, California 92037(619) 695-0400 // www.edgelandgroup.com 02DESIGN DEVELOPMENT01.23.2026N0SCALE: 510201"=10'-0"L1.00CONCEPT PLANTINGPLAN

PARKING LOT TREESACCENT TREESSHADE TREESSTREETSCAPE TREESACCENT SHURBSFOUNDATION PLANTINGPARKING LOT PLANTINGSTREETSCAPEPLANTINGGROUNDCOVERPLANTING

CONCEPT PLANT SCHEDULE
SYMBOLDESCRIPTION01 PAVEMENTS, RAMPS, CURBSPAVING TYPE 1PAVING TYPE 2AC PAVINGMATERIALS SCHEDULE

BAY LAUREL, LIVE
OAK,

MAGNOLIA, CRAPE

MYRTLE,

CALIFORNIA

SYCAMORE,

MESQUITE, PALO
VERDE,

DESERT WILLOW,
CASSIA

DIANELLA,

HESPERALOE RED

YUCCA, TRAILING

LANTANA,

MEXICAN BUSH
SAGE,

FOXTAIL
AGAVE,

MANDEVILLAS,

ROSEMARY, VITEX,

PRIDE OF

MADEIRA, ICEBERG
ROSE,

LAVENDAR,

PITTOSPORUM,

LOMANDRA, BIRD OF

PARADISE,

MYOPORUM,

CALANDRINIA
N0510
L1.00

PREPARED BY: TW DATE: 4/8/2026 VERSION
CHECKED BY: DATE:
6/20/2024
REVISIONS:

POLICE DISPATCH CENTER
APN: 555-450-08T
DEVELOPER: CITY OF CLOVIS
SERVICE ADDRESS: 2388 ENCINO AVE SEWER
WATER

NON-POTABLE WATER

STREETS

UNDERGROUNDING

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS

0.0 STORM DRAIN

0.0 0.0
TOTALS

0.0 NET AREA: 0.68 AC # OF LOTS # OF PGS
STREET AREA 4 TM
GROSS AREA: 0.83 AC PM
UNDERGROUNDING AREA 3
BUILDING AREA 4,997 SF SPR 2026-008 0.83 Gr. Ac.

WATER SUPPLY FEE DATA SPR NO. or "Future"
RESIDENTIAL UNITS 0 UNITS IN FID SERVICE AREA? YES OTHER NET AREA (WATER SUPPLY BASIS): 0.68 AC
PROPOSED ZONING DEVELOPMENT TYPE Industrial NO. OF TEMP. BASINS: YES / NO DENSITY (units / net acre) 0.0 OPO NO TW
MIXED USE NO (rounded up to nearest even decimal) INITIAL

ENTITLEMENT APPLICATION COMPLETED
WATER METER SIZE #
3/4" CITY DEVELOPER FILE NO
1" WATER FRONT FOOTAGE: 0 0 LIN FT
1-1/2" SFR ENCINO AVE - CIP 20-07 INSTALLED
2" SFR
1-1/2" 1 LANDSCAPE SEWER FRONT FOOTAGE: LIN FT 160 LIN FT 2" LANDSCAPE ENCINO AVE - 160' - SPR 2020-006 INSTALLED 3" LANDSCAPE
4" LANDSCAPE NEIGHBORHOOD PARK DEPOSIT (see right) LV SECTION NUMBER 6" LANDSCAPE LOCAN NEES ANNEXATION FEE NO YES / NO
1-1/2" MFR OR NON-RES FIRE TRANSITION FEE (FOR ANNEXATIONS AFTER MAY 6, 2013) NO YES / NO 2" 1 MFR OR NON-RES SPECIFIC PLAN FEES
3" MFR OR NON-RES
4" MFR OR NON-RES NON POTABLE WATER DEPT. HEALTH SERVICES NO YES / NO 6" MFR OR NON-RES PUP CREEK IMPROVEMENT 0 LIN FT

CFD PROCESSING FEE SFR AND MFR ONLY NO YES / NO
TRANSCEIVERS 2 UTILITY PROCESSING FEE (FIBER OPTIC) 1 1 TO 3 HRS (SPR ONLY) WATER TIE-IN, 1" - 3"
WATER TIE-IN, 4" - 6"
WATER TIE-IN, 8" OR GREATER
NET AREA CALCULATION: 0.68 AC SCALED PER SITE PLAN
GROSS AREA CALCULATION: 0.83 AC SCALED PER SITE PLAN & STREET DEED FIRE STATION # 6/ SPR 2019-09 ONLY CHARGED FOR AREA BEING DEVELOPED, THEREFORE FEES DUE FOR DISPATCH CENTER BLDG SQ FT: 4,996.53 SQ FT SCALED PER SITE PLAN
ASSUME 1-1.5" FOR LANDSCAPING AND 1-2" FOR DOMESTIC AND 2 TRANSCEIVERS PER METER

PER CMC, PUBLIC FACILITIES ARE EXEMPT FROM SMF, SOS, WMF, WOS, WATER SUPPLY, NPW, MAJOR STREET, COMMUNI TY SANITATION, FIRE, POLICE NOTES:

TBD = TO BE DETERMINED AT A LATER DATE WHEN MORE INFORMATION IS KNOWN.

PC/R = POTENTIAL CREDIT OR REIMBURSEMENT (SEE ATTACHED EXPLANATIONS) FMFCD FEES MAY BE INCLUDED FOR INFORMATION, HOWEVER, FMFCD WILL DETERMINE FINAL FEE AMOUNT.

Garbage
$0.00 Exempt Parks
Base Charges
$0.00
Charges
$5,168.00
$2,968.00
THIS CALCULATION INCLUDES CITY OF CLOVIS DEVELOPMENT IMPACT FEES AND CERTAIN ENGINEERING DIVISION PROCESSING AND INSPECTION FEES. IT DOES NOT INCLUDE BUILDING PERMIT

FEES OR CHARGES PAYABLE TO OTHER AGENCIES INCLUDING CLOVIS UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, SANGER UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, FRESNO COUNTY COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS (RTMF), COUNTY OF FRESNO, SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT, AND OTHERS. THESE AGENCIES OR DEPARTMENTS SHOULD BE CONTACTED TO ASCERTAIN THE PROJECT FEE OBLIGATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS.

THE AMOUNTS CALCULATED ARE ESTIMATES AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. THE AMOUNT DUE WILL BE BASED ON FINAL QUANTITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT AND WILL BE A SSESSED AT THE RATES IN EFFECT AT THE TIME OF PAYMENT.

BEFORE MAY 15, 2020
COM RETAIL (C-1, C-2, C-3, PCC)
$11,155.50
Calc'd
Quantity
SEE PAGE 2 FOR ITEMIZED CALCULATIONS
THE AMOUNTS SHOWN ARE ESTIMATES AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE ACTUAL AMOUNT PAYABLE S HALL BE CALCULATED USING THE RATES IN EFFECT AT THE TIME OF PAYMENT AND BASED ON FINAL GROSS ACREAGE, UNITS, AND IMPROVEMENTS INSTALLED.

Water Major Facilities Exempt
Exempt

SUMMARY OF CHARGES
Exempt Fire, Police
$3,019.50
TBD
$0.00
$0.00

CITY OF CLOVIS
DEVELOPMENT impact FEES

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Unit Calculation Methodology
Sewer Major Facilities Exempt

TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT
EFFECTIVE 7/21/2025
55545008.xlsx Page 1
Attachment 3

RATE UNITS CALCULATIONS QUANTITY FEE TOTALS SUBTOTAL /

COMMENTS
SEWER (Muni Code Section 6-4.03)
MAJOR FACILITIES SEWER $0.00 Exempt 0.0 $0.00 *
OVERSIZE SEWER $1,123.00 / GR AC
SEE ABOVE 0.00 $0.00 * PC/R

FRONT FOOTAGE
CITY $32.30 / LIN FT 0 $0.00
DEVELOPER $32.30 / LIN FT 160 $5,168.00
SEWER SUBTOTAL $5,168.00
WATER (Muni Code Section 6-5.203)
WATER MAJOR FACILITIES $0.00 Exempt 0.00 $0.00 *
OVERSIZE WATER $1,826.00 /GR AC
SEE ABOVE 0.00 $0.00 * PC/R

FRONT FOOTAGE
CITY $29.75 /LIN FT 0 $0.00
DEVELOPER $29.75 /LIN FT 0 $0.00

WATER METER
`
3/4" $378.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
1" $472.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
1-1/2" RESIDENTIAL $800.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
2" RESIDENTIAL $1,020.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
1-1/2" LANDSCAPE $1,027.00 /EACH 1 $1,027.00
2" LANDSCAPE $1,172.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
3" LANDSCAPE $1,650.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
4" LANDSCAPE $2,739.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
6" LANDSCAPE $4,949.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
1-1/2" MFR OR NON-RES $1,386.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
2" MFR OR NON-RES $1,573.00 /EACH 1 $1,573.00
3" MFR OR NON-RES $2,161.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
4" MFR OR NON-RES $3,387.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
6" MFR OR NON-RES $5,904.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
TRANSCEIVER $184.00 /EACH 2 $368.00
WATER SUPPLY FEE IN FID $0.00 / GR AC
APPLICATION DEEMED COMPLETE BEFORE MAY 15, 2020 SEE ABOVE 0.83 $0.00 * WATER SUBTOTAL $2,968.00
NON-POTABLE WATER (Muni Code Section 6-5.203)
NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEM $2,664.00 /GR AC SEE ABOVE 0.00 $0.00 * NON-POTABLE WATER SUBTOTAL $0.00
MAJOR STREET (Muni Code Section 7-7.07)
LOCAL STREETS ACTUAL $0.00
OUTSIDE TRAVEL LANE PUBLIC INFRAC. $0 NA
Public Infrastructure Exempt 0.000 $0.00 PC/R
CENTER TRAVEL LANE PUBLIC INFRAC. $0 NA Public Infrastructure Exempt 0.000 $0.00 PC/R TRAFFIC SIGNAL PUBLIC INFRAC. $0 NA Public Infrastructure Exempt 0.000 $0.00 PC/R BRIDGE PUBLIC INFRAC. $0 NA Public Infrastructure Exempt 0.000 $0.00 PC/R EXISTING FACILITIES ACTUAL $0.00
STREET FEE ADMINISTRATION CHARGE 1.5% $0.00 $0.00
STREETS SUBTOTAL $0.00
OVERHEAD UTILITY UNDERGROUNDING (Muni Code Section 7-5.07) UNDER GROUNDING OVERHEAD $0.00 /GR AC 0.83 $0.00 PC/R UNDER GROUNDING OVERHEAD UTILITY ADMIN CHARGE 1.5% $0 .00 UNDERGROUNDING SUBTOTAL $0.00

MISCELLANEOUS
COMMUNITY SANITATION FEE (Muni Code Section 6-3.20)
PUBLIC INFRAC. $0.00 Exempt 0 $0.00 *
PARKS AND RECREATION (Muni Code Section 3-4.03)
PUBLIC INFRAC. $0.00 Exempt Public Infrastructure Exempt 0 $0.00 * FIRE DEPARTMENT FEE (Muni Code Section 4.10.04) $2,2 53.00 /UNIT 0.0 $0.00 * POLICE DEPARTMENT FEE (Muni Code Section 4.11.04) $1,582.00 /UNIT 0.0 $0.00 * LIBRARY DEV IMPACT FEE (Muni Code Section 7-8.01) $0.00 /UNIT 0 $0.00 *

NEIGHBORHOOD PARK DEPOSIT
LOMA VISTA AREA (EFFECTIVE MARCH 10, 2017) $6,127.00 /UNIT 0.0 $0.00 * LOCAN NEES ANNEXATION FEE $755.00 /GR AC 0.00 $0.00

SPECIFIC PLAN PREP FEE
$0.00 NA 0 $0.00
PUP CREEK IMPROVEMENT FEE $34.95 /LF 0.00 $0.00
POND MAINTENANCE $10,000 /EACH 0 $0.00 TBD
CFD PROCESSING FEE $7,500.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
FINAL MAP FEE $3,501.00 + $30/LOT 0 $0.00
FINAL PARCEL MAP FEE $2,428.00 + $55/PARCEL 0 $0.00
ENCROACHMENT AND INSPECTION FEE $1,524.18 /EACH 0 $0.00 TBD UTILITY PROCESSING FEE $150.00 /HR 1 $150.00
WATER TIE-IN, 1" - 3" $172.50 /EACH 0 $0.00
WATER TIE-IN, 4" - 6" $345.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
WATER TIE-IN, 8" OR GREATER $690.00 /EACH 0 $0.00
STREET SIGN FEE $0.00
NPW ID TAGS $4.00 /EACH $0.00
SPR PLAN CHECK FEE $1,500.00 + $1,540/Gr.ac.
' 0.83 $2,869.50
FIRE TRANSITION FEE $1,219.00 /GR AC 0.00 $0.00
DOCUMENT PREPARATION $150.00 /HR 0.00 $0.00
DEPT. OF HEALTH SERVICES REVIEW $200.00 /EACH 0.00 $0.0 0 ADMINISTRATION CHARGE 1.5%
* SUBTOTAL FROM SPECIFIC ITEMS ABOVE $0.00 $0.00
MISCELLANEOUS /EACH 1.00 $0.00
MISCELLANEOUS /EACH 1 $0.00
MISCELLANEOUS SUBTOTAL $3,019.50
FRESNO METROPOLITAN FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT (Muni Code Section 8-7.05) * FMFCD CONTACT FMFCD 559-456-3292 /GR AC TBD TBD TOTAL $11,155.50

DEVELOPMENT FEE DESCRIPTION

ITEMIZED CALCULATIONS
55545008.xlsx Page 2

DEVELOPMENT FEE POTENTIAL CREDIT OR REIMBURSEMENT EXPLANATIONS SEWER
Sewer Oversize Fee will be credited in an amount to be determined, if the applicant installs permanent sewer mains that are deeper than 8’ and/or larger than 8” in diameter. The amount of the credit will vary according to the size and depth of the sewer main installed per the master development fee schedule pursuant to the Clovis Municipal Code.

WATER
Water Oversize Fee will be credited in an amount to be determined, if the applicant installs permanent water mains and valves that are larger than 10” in diameter. The amount of the credit will vary according to the size of the water main installed per the master development fee schedule pursuant to the Clovis Municipal Code.

MAJOR STREET
The major street fees were established to equitably share the cost incurred to install street improvements along the mile and half mile grid streets. If a development is required to install any of the major street improvements listed below, the cost of these improvements are credited against the corresponding major street fee for the development. The cost of any major street improvement constructed by the developer in excess of the corresponding major street fee for the developer’s project is then eligible for reimbursement as monies in that major street fee trust fund become available. The developer must file, with the City of Clovis, a reimbursement request to be placed on a payment list (first come, first paid).

Outside Travel Lane improvements include curb, gutter, sidewalk, street lights, and all permanent pavement outside the center travel lane and the corresponding right-of-way acquisition. (The maximum outside travel lane right-of-way width qualified for reimbursement shall be from the boundary of the center travel lane area to ten feet behind the ultimate location of the face of curb.) Center Travel Lane improvements include the permanent paving, all median island improvements and the corresponding right-of-way acquisition within “Center Travel Lanes”. “Center Travel Lanes" are those certain planned travel lanes and applicable right-of-way acquisition of a major street located adjacent to the center line (including median island and landscaping 2 - 16 foot center travel lanes on a 4-lane major street and four lanes consisting of 2 - 12 foot and 2 - 16 foot lanes on a 6-lane major street. Modifications to previously constructed permanent center travel lane improvements to accommodate site specific development are not eligible for reimbursement.

When the center travel lane improvements are constructed adjacent to outside travel lane improvements along the developer’s frontage, only 12 feet of the 16 foot lanes mentioned above are considered center travel lane improvements.

Traffic Signal improvements include installation of traffic signal hardware, wiring, detectors, and appurtenances at identified intersections at major streets.

Bridge Fee improvements include bridge installation or modifications at identified major street crossings. Street improvements associated with the bridge modification or installation are not included.

UNDERGROUNDING OVERHEAD UTILITIES
The Undergrounding Overhead Utilities Fee was established to equitably share the cost incurred to underground electrical utility facilities adjacent to major streets, such as the mile and half mile grid streets. Utility services to the development are not reimbursable. If a development is required to install any underground electrical utility mains, the cost of those improvements are credited against the underground overhead utility fee for that the development .

The cost of any underground electrical utility improvement constructed by the developer in excess of the corresponding underground overhead utility fee for the developer’s project is then eligible for reimbursement as monies in that underground overhead utility fee trust fund become available. The developer must file, with the City of Clovis, a reimbursement request to be placed on a payment list (first come, first paid). Overhead utility facilities include above ground wires, poles, and associated facilities supplying electric services.

Facilities used for the transmission of electric energy at nominal voltages of thirty-five thousand (35,000) volts or more are exempt. 55545008.xlsx Page 3

PROJECT NO:

APN:

ADDRESS:

SENT:
2026-008
2288 ENCINO AVE.
555-450-08T
April 08, 2026

PUBLIC AGENCY

MARISSA PARKER

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND

DEVELOPMENT SERVICES

CITY OF CLOVIS
1033

FIFTH STREET

CLOVIS, CA
93612

DEVELOPER

BENJAMIN LITTLE, CITY OF CLOVIS
1033
FIFTH ST.

CLOVIS, CA
93612
Drainage Area(s)
Preliminary Fee(s)
DO
$18,685.00
Development Review
Service Charge(s)
Fee(s)
NOR Review
$50.00
To be paid prior to release of District comments to Public Agency and Developer.

Grading Plan Review
$0.00
Amount to be submitted with first grading plan submittal.

Total Drainage Fee: $18,685.00
Total Service Charge: $50.00
The proposed development will generate storm runoff which produces potentially significant environmental impacts and which must be properly discharged and mitigated pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. The District in cooperation with the City and County has developed and adopted the Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan. Compliance with and implementation of this Master Plan by this development project will satisfy the drainage related CEQA/NEPA impact of the project mitigation requirements.

Pursuant to the District
’
s Development Review Fee Policy, the subject project shall pay review fees for issuance of this Notice of Requirements (NOR) and any plan submittals requiring the District ’
s reviews. The NOR fee shall be paid to the District by Developer before the Notice of Requirement will be submitted to the City. The Grading Plan fee shall be paid upon first submittal. The Storm Drain Plan fee shall be paid prior to return/pick up of first submittal.

The proposed development shall pay drainage fees pursuant to the Drainage Fee Ordinance prior to issuance of a building permit at the rates in effect at the time of such issuance. The fee indicated above is valid through 2/28/27
based on the site plan
submitted to the District on
3/17/26
Contact FMFCD for a revised fee in cases where changes are made in the proposed site plan which materially alter the proposed impervious area.

Considerations which may affect the fee obligation(s) or the timing or form of fee payment:
a.)
Fees related to undeveloped or phased portions of the project may be deferrable. b.)
Fees may be calculated based on the actual percentage of runoff if different than that typical for the zone district under which the development is being undertaken and if permanent provisions are made to assure that the site remains in that configuration.
c.)
Creditable storm drainage facilities may be constructed, or required to be constructed in lieu of paying fees. d.)
The actual cost incurred in constructing Creditable drainage system facilities is credited against the drainage fee obligation.
e.)
When the actual costs incurred in constructing Creditable facilities exceeds the drainage fee obligation, reimbursement will be made for the excess costs from future fees collected by the District from other development. f.)
Any request for a drainage fee refund requires the entitlement cancellation and a written request addressed to the General Manager of the District within 60 days from payment of the fee. A non refundable $300 Administration fee or 5% of the refund whichever is less will be retained without fee credit. 5469 E. OLIVE - FRESNO, CA 93727 - (559) 456-3292 - FAX (559) 456-3194

FRESNO METROPOLITAN FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT

NOTICE OF REQUIREMENTS
File No. 210.432

Approval of this development shall be conditioned upon compliance with these District Requirements.

1. X
a.

Drainage from the site shall BE DIRECTED TO ENCINO AVENUE.

b.

Grading and drainage patterns shall be as identified on Exhibit No.

c.

The grading and drainage patterns shown on the site plan conform to the adopted Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan.

2. The proposed development shall construct and/or dedicate Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan facilities located within the development or necessitated by any off-site improvements required by the approving agency:

Developer shall construct facilities as shown on Exhibit No. 1 as X
None required.

3. The following final improvement plans and information shall be submitted to the District for review prior to final development approval:

Grading Plan
X
Street Plan

Storm Drain Plan

Water & Sewer Plan

Final Map

Drainage Report (to be submitted with tentative map)

Other

None Required

4. Availability of drainage facilities:

X
a.

Permanent drainage service is available provided the developer can verify to the satisfaction of the City that runoff can be safely conveyed to the Master Plan inlet(s).

b.

The construction of facilities required by Paragraph No. 2 hereof will provide permanent drainage service.

c.

Permanent drainage service will not be available. The District recommends temporary facilities until permanent service is available.

d.

See Exhibit No. 2.

5. The proposed development:

Appears to be located within a 100 year flood prone area as designated on the latest Flood Insurance Rate Maps available to the District, necessitating appropriate floodplain management action. (See attached Floodplain Policy.)
X
Does not appear to be located within a flood prone area.

6. The subject site contains a portion of a canal or pipeline that is used to manage recharge, storm water, and/or flood flows. The existing capacity must be preserved as part of site development. Additionally, site development may not interfere with the ability to operate and maintain the canal or pipeline. 5469 E. OLIVE - FRESNO, CA 93727 - (559) 456-3292 - FAX (559) 456-3194

FRESNO METROPOLITAN FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT

NOTICE OF REQUIREMENTS

7. The Federal Clean Water Act and the State General Permits for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction and Industrial Activities (State General Permits) require developers of construction projects disturbing one or more acres, and discharges associated with industrial activity not otherwise exempt from National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting, to implement controls to reduce pollutants, prohibit the discharge of waters other than storm water to the municipal storm drain system, and meet water quality standards.

These requirements apply both to pollutants generated during construction, and to those which may be generated by operations at the development after construction.

a.

State General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activities, effective July 1, 2010, as amended. A State General Construction Permit is required for all clearing, grading, and disturbances to the ground that result in soil disturbance of at least one acre (or less than one acre) if part of a larger common plan of development or sale). Permittees are required to: submit a Notice of Intent and Permit Registration Documents to be covered and must pay a permit fee to the State Water Resources Control Board (State Board), develop and implement a storm water pollution prevention plan, eliminate non-storm water discharges, conduct routine site inspections, train employees in permit compliance, and complete an annual certification of compliance.

b.

State General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, April, 2014 (available at the District Office). A State General Industrial Permit is required for specific types of industries described in the NPDES regulations or by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. The following categories of industries are generally required to secure an industrial permit: manufacturing; trucking; recycling; and waste and hazardous waste management. Specific exemptions exist for manufacturing activities which occur entirely indoors. Permittees are required to: submit a Notice of Intent to be covered and must pay a permit fee to the State Water Resources Control Board, develop and implement a storm water pollution prevention plan, eliminate non-storm water discharges, conduct routine site inspections, train employees in permit compliance, sample storm water runoff and test it for pollutant indicators, and annually submit a report to the State Board.

c.

The proposed development is encouraged to select and implement storm water quality controls recommended in the Fresno-Clovis Storm Water Quality Management Construction and Post-Construction Guidelines (available at the District Office) to meet the requirements of the State General Permits, eliminate the potential for non-storm water to enter the municipal storm drain system, and where possible minimize contact with materials which may contaminate storm water runoff.

8. A requirement of the District may be appealed by filing a written notice of appeal with the Secretary of the District within ten days of the date of this Notice of Requirements.

9. The District reserves the right to modify, reduce or add to these requirements, or revise fees, as necessary to accommodate changes made in the proposed development by the developer or requirements made by other agencies.

10. X
See Exhibit No. 2 for additional comments, recommendations and requirements.

Debbie Campbell
Anthony Zaragoza
Design Engineer, RCE
Engineer III
Digitally signed by Debbie Campbell Date: 4/8/2026 9:07:21 AM Digitally signed by Anthony Zaragoza Date: 4/8/2026 9:07:13 AM 5469 E. OLIVE - FRESNO, CA 93727 - (559) 456-3292 - FAX (559) 456-3194

FRESNO METROPOLITAN FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT

NOTICE OF REQUIREMENTS

The City of Clovis has fee credit available from Agreement 2033
(D)-DO-
51 that is eligible to be
applied toward drainage fees in Drainage Area
“
DO
”.

The City may directly apply the fee credit
to CL SPR
2026-008
, against the drainage fee obligation for this site. The City shall provide in writing to the District any credits they wish assigned to this project.

In an effort to improve storm runoff quality, outdoor storage areas shall be constructed and maintained such that material that may generate contaminants will be prevented from contact with rainfall and runoff and thereby prevent the conveyance of contaminants in runoff into the storm drain system.

The District encourages, but does not require that roof drains from non-residential development be constructed such that they are directed onto and through a landscaped grassy swale area to filter out pollutants from roof runoff.

Runoff from areas where industrial activities, product, or merchandise come into contact with and may contaminate storm water must be treated before discharging it off-site or into a storm drain.

Roofs covering such areas are recommended. Cleaning of such areas by sweeping instead of washing is to be required unless such wash water can be directed to the sanitary sewer system.

Storm drains receiving untreated runoff from such areas shall not be connected to the District ’
s
system. Loading docks, depressed areas, and areas servicing or fueling vehicles are specifically subject to these requirements. The District
’
s policy governing said industrial site NPDES program
requirements is available on the District
’
s website at: www.fresnofloodcontrol.org or contact the District
’
s Environmental Department for further information regarding these policies related to industrial site requirements.

Development No.

CL SPR No. 2026-008

OTHER REQUIREMENTS
EXHIBIT NO. 2

Report to the City Council

To: City Council
From: Public Utilities Department
Date: August 3, 2026
Staff: Kevin Tuttle, Assistant Public Utilities Director Subject: Conduct a Public Hearing and Consider Approval - Res. 26-___, a Resolution Adopting the Urban Water Management Plan and the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

Recommendation: Approve
Attachments:

1. UWMP and WSCP Hearing and Adoption ATT 1 Res. 26-

Recommendation:

For the City Council to hold a public hearing for the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and the Water Shortage Contingency Plan; and approved a Resolution Adopting the City of Clovis 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Update and the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

Executive Summary:

The City’s Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) have been prepared pursuant to the requirements of the California Water Code, §10610-10656 and §10608. The UWMP is a State-mandated report required to be updated and submitted to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years. Within their UWMP, an urban water supplier must assess the reliability of water sources over a 20-year planning horizon, describe demand management measures and water shortage contingency plans, report per-capita urban water consumption in accordance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7), and discuss the existing and planned use of recycled water.

The UWMP and WSCP have been prepared in accordance with the California Water Code, notice has been given to the public to review and comment, and the plans have been submitted to the Council for approval and adoption. These plans are typically due on July 1st every five years. While this UWMP is slightly behind that schedule, there are no impacts to the City for the later submission.

Following adoption, the UWMP will be uploaded to the Department of Water Resources’ website for review and approval.

Background:

California Water Code, §10610-10656 and §10608 require every urban water supplier that either provides over 3,000 acre-feet of water annually or serves more than 3,000 service connections to prepare and adopt a UWMP every five years. The City currently serves over 25,000 acre-feet of water annually to over 41,000 service connections, and is therefore required to prepare and adopt by resolution a UWMP and WSCP.

A UWMP is considered to be a source of information for Water Supply Assessments (Senate Bill 610) and Written Verifications of Water Supply (SB 221). In addition, a UWMP may serve as a long- range guidance document for water supply, a source of data for development of a regional water plan, and a source document for cities and counties as they prepare planning documents.

Submission of an updated Plan is necessary to receive financial assistance from the Department of Water Resources.

The purpose of the UWMP is to provide for the conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies and to plan for that use and its implementation. This Plan specifies how the City intends to manage its water resources through both conservation and source development. Most of the management programs are ongoing and the City will continue these efforts. These measures include a water waste prevention ordinance, metering, conservation pricing, public education, plumbing retrofits, customer water surveys, washing machine rebates, toilet replacement rebates, conservation programs, and school education programs.

Some of the main topics required in the UWMP include:
• Water supply reliability – Assessment of water source reliability over a 20-year planning period in five-year increments, considering future demands, growth, and population to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water needs. • Water service reliability and drought risk assessment – Conduct a dry year water reliability assessment for a single dry year and multiple (up to five consecutive) dry years. • Water shortage contingency plan – A WSCP consisting of six drought stages (up to 10 percent, up to 20 percent, up to 30 percent, up to 40 percent, up to 50 percent, and greater than 50 percent reductions).

In 2009, the State approved SB X7-7, which amended the California Water Code to require water suppliers to set goals for water use reductions of 10% by December 31, 2015, and 20% by December 31, 2020. If a supplier does not meet these goals, they will not be eligible for State water grants or loans. A baseline per capita water use was determined based on a ten-year period ending between December 31, 2004, and December 31, 2010. Clovis’ baseline usage was determined to be 249 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). The 2015 interim target was 224 gpcd and the 2020 target was 199 gpcd. The 2015 target was easily met due to the mandatory State-required reductions in 2015. In 2020, the City achieved a per capita water use of 181 gpcd, and in 2025, the City achieved a per capita water use of 169 gpcd, thereby exceeding the 2020 target by 30 gpcd, or approximately 15% additional water use reduction.

The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is a detailed plan for how the City intends to respond to foreseeable and unforeseeable water shortages. A water shortage occurs when the water supply is reduced to a level that cannot support typical demand at any given time. The WSCP is used to provide guidance to the City’s elected officials, staff, and the public by identifying response actions to allow for efficient management of any water shortage with predictability and accountability. The WSCP provides the tools to maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions due to extended drought or catastrophic supply interruptions. The 2025 WSCP is a standalone

document (included as Appendix D in the UWMP) and can be modified as needed.

There are no major changes to the 2025 UWMP or WSCP from the 2020 UWMP or WSCP, with the exception of updating the report’s information with new data through 2025.

Prior to adopting the UWMP and WSCP, the law requires the plans be made available for public inspection and a public hearing be held. This hearing was noticed in the Fresno Bee on July 19 and July 26, 2026. No public comment was received by staff as of the preparation date of this report. The Plan was also circulated to public agencies in the vicinity that might be affected by the Plan. The City has received minor comments from City of Fresno, Fresno Irrigation District, and the Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District, which have been acknowledged or addressed in the report where appropriate.

Fiscal Impact:

The cost to prepare the UWMP and WSCP was included in the 2025-26 Water Enterprise budget.

The plans do not propose any significant new demand reduction measures, so there are no expected fiscal impacts.

Reason for Recommendation:

The City is required by State law to update its UWMP every five years. It has been five years since the City’s last plan update. The updated UWMP and WSCP will allow the City to increase its commitment to water resource management.

Actions Following Approval:

Staff will modify the plans as directed by Council, if required, and will submit copies of the UWMP and WSCP to the State Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and surrounding public agencies within 30 days of adoption.

Conflict of Interest:

None.

ATTACHMENT 1
RESOLUTION 26-___

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLOVIS
ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMNT PLAN AND

WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN

WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Plannin g Act (Water Code Section 10610 – 10656 and 10608) requires every urban water supplier to prepare a n Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), the primary function of which is to support the supplier’s long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water needs; and

WHEREAS, the City of Clovis (City) is an urban water supplier, providing water to over 41,000 customers; and

WHEREAS, the UWMP shall be periodically reviewed at least once every five years, and the City shall make any amendments or changes to its plan which are indicated by the review; and

WHEREAS, the Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is included as an appendix in the UWMP and provides an action plan for a drought or catastrophic water supply shortage; and

WHEREAS, the City has prepared and circulated a draft Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (attached as Attachment A) for public review, and properly noticed a public hearing regarding said plan held by the City Council on August 3, 2026; and

WHEREAS, the Clovis City Council considered the Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan, staff report, and all public testimony on August 3, 2026.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City of Clovis will proceed as follows:

1. The Clovis City Council does hereby adopt the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan as presented to this Council on August 3, 2026; and

2. Copies of said plans will be forwarded to the State of California, Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and surrounding public agencies for filing within 30 days of this date; and

3. The Public Utilities Director is hereby authorized and directed to implement the demand management measures as set forth in the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which includes water shortage contingency analysis and recommendations to the City Council regarding necessary procedures, rules, and regulations to carry out effective and equitable water conservation and water recycling programs; and

4. In a water shortage, the Public Utilities Director is hereby authorized to declare a Water Shortage Emergency according to the Stages of Action indicated in the Plan and implement necessary elements of the plans; and

5. The Public Utilities Director shall recommend to the City Council additional procedures, rules, and regulations, as discovered, to carry out effective and equitable allocation of water resources.

* * * * *

The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Clovis held on August 3, 2026, by the following vote, to wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

DATED:

______________________________ ______________________________ Mayor City Clerk

CITY OF CLOVIS

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
2025 UPDATE
AUGUST 2026

ATTACHMENT A

CITY OF CLOVIS

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
PLAN 2025 UPDATE

CLOVIS, CA
AUGUST 2026
PREPARED FOR:

City of Clovis
Clovis, CA
PREPARED BY:

PROVOST & PRITCHARD CONSULTING GROUP
455 W FIR AVENUE, CLOVIS, CALIFORNIA 93611

Report Prepared for:

City of Clovis
155 North Sunnyside Avenue
Clovis, CA 93611

Contact:

Nicholas Torstensen
(559) 324-2662

Report Prepared by:

Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group
Nick Jacobson, PE
Brittney Darnell
Heather Bashian, PE (QA/QC)

Contact:

Heather Bashian
(559) 449-2700
COPYRIGHT 2026 BY PROVOST & PRITCHARD CONSULTING GROUP ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group expressly reserves its common law copyright and other applicable property rights to this document. This document is not to be reproduced, changed, or copied in any form or manner whatsoever, nor are they to be assigned to a third party without first obtaining the written permission and consent of Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group In the e vent of unauthorized reuse of the information contained herein by a third party, the third party shall hold the firm of Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group harmless, and shall bear the cost of Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group's legal fees associated with defending and enforcing these rights.

City of Clovis August 2026
Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update

Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary (Lay Description) ................................ ................................ ................................ .. ES-1 System Description ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... ES-1 System Demands ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. ES-2 SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance ................................ ................................ .................... ES-3 System Supplies ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ES-4 Water Supply Reliability ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... ES-5 Demand Management Measures ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... ES-6 1 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 1-1

1.1 Background and Purpose................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1-1

1.2 Previous Urban Water Management Plan ................................ ................................ ................ 1-1

1.3 Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code ................................ ...... 1-1

1.3.1 Urban Water Management Planning Act of 1983 ................................ ................... 1-1

1.3.2 Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7) ................................ .............................. 1-2

1.3.3 Applicable Changes to the Water Code Since 2020 UWMP ................................ .... 1-2

1.4 Water Management Planning Efforts ................................ ................................ ....................... 1-3

1.5 UWMP Organization ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 1-4 2 Plan Preparation ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 2-1

2.1 Basis for Preparing a Plan ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 2-1

2.1.1 Suppliers With Both Wholesale And Retail Sales ................................ ..................... 2-2

2.1.2 Public Water Systems ................................ ................................ .............................. 2-2

2.2 Individual Planning and Compliance ................................ ................................ ......................... 2-2

2.3 Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure ................................ ................................ .......... 2-2

2.4 Coordination and Outreach ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 2-3

2.4.1 Wholesale and Retail Coordination ................................ ................................ ......... 2-3

2.4.2 Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community ................................ .......... 2-3

2.4.3 Notice to Cities and Counties ................................ ................................ .................. 2-4 3 System Description ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 3-1

3.1 General Description ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 3-1

3.2 Service Area Boundary ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 3-1

3.3 Service Area Climate ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 3-4

3.3.1 Climate Change ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 3-4

3.4 Service Area Population and Demographics ................................ ................................ ............. 3-6

3.4.1 Service Area Population ................................ ................................ ........................... 3-6

3.4.2 Other Social, Economic, And Demographic Factors ................................ ................ 3-7

3.5 Land Uses within Service Area ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3-8 4 System Demands ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 4-1

4.1 Non-Potable Versus Potable Use ................................ ................................ .............................. 4-1

4.2 Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector ................................ ................................ ... 4-1

4.2.1 Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code ................................ ................................ . 4-2

4.2.2 Past Water Use ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 4-2

4.2.3 Current Water Use ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 4-4

City of Clovis August 2026
Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update

Page ii

4.2.4 Projected Water Use ................................ ................................ ............................... 4-6

4.3 Distribution System Water Loss ................................ ................................ ............................... 4-9

4.3.1 Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses ................................ ....................... 4-9

4.3.2 Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard ........................ 4-10 5 SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance ................................ ................................ .................. 5-1

5.1 SB X7-7 Forms and Summary Tables ................................ ................................ ........................ 5-1

5.1.1 SB X7-7 Verification Form ................................ ................................ ........................ 5-1

5.1.2 SB X7-7 Compliance Form................................ ................................ ........................ 5-1

5.1.3 DWR Submittal Tables ................................ ................................ ............................. 5-2

5.2 Baseline and Target Calculations for 2020 UWMPs ................................ ................................ . 5-2

5.3 Urban Water Use Objective ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 5-2 6 System Supplies................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 6-1

6.1 Water Supply Analysis Overview ................................ ................................ .............................. 6-1

6.2 Water Supply Characterization ................................ ................................ ................................ . 6-2

6.2.1 Purchased or Imported Water ................................ ................................ ................. 6-2

6.2.2 Groundwater ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 6-2

6.2.3 Surface Water ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 6-9

6.2.4 Stormwater ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 6-12

6.2.5 Wastewater and Recycled Water ................................ ................................ .......... 6-12

6.2.6 Desalination Water Opportunities ................................ ................................ ......... 6-19

6.2.7 Exchanges or Transfers ................................ ................................ .......................... 6-19

6.2.8 Future Water Projects ................................ ................................ ........................... 6-20

6.2.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water ................................ ............. 6-23

6.2.10 Special Conditions ................................ ................................ ................................ . 6-24

6.3 Energy Consumption ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 6-25 7 Water Supply Reliability ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 7-1

7.1 Constraints on Water Sources ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7-1

7.1.1 Legal ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 7-1

7.1.2 Environmental ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 7-1

7.1.3 Water Quality ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 7-2

7.1.4 Climatic Factor ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 7-2

7.2 Water Service Reliability Assessment ................................ ................................ ....................... 7-3

7.2.1 Types of Years ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 7-3

7.2.2 Water Service Reliability Assessment Supply and Demand Comparison ................. 7-4

7.2.3 Description of Management Tools and Options ................................ ...................... 7-6

7.3 Drought Risk Assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 7-7

7.3.1 DRA Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Conditions ............................... 7-7

7.3.2 Individual Water Source Reliability ................................ ................................ .......... 7-8

7.3.3 Total Water Supply and Use Comparison ................................ ................................ 7-8 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning ................................ ................................ .......................... 8-1 9 Demand Management Measures ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9-1

9.1 Demand Management Measures ................................ ................................ ............................. 9-1

9.1.1 Water Waste Prevention Ordinance ................................ ................................ ........ 9-1

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9.1.2 Metering ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 9-2

9.1.3 Conservation Pricing ................................ ................................ ................................ 9-2

9.1.4 Public Education and Outreach ................................ ................................ ............... 9-5

9.1.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss ............................. 9-5

9.1.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support .......................... 9-6

9.1.7 Other Demand Management Measures ................................ ................................ .. 9-6

9.1.8 Residential Plumbing Retrofit ................................ ................................ .................. 9-6

9.2 Implementation Over the Past Five Years ................................ ................................ ................ 9-8

9.3 Planned Implementation to Achieve Water Use Targets ................................ ......................... 9-8 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation ................................ ................................ ........... 10-1

10.1 Inclusion of All 2025 Data ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 10-1

10.2 Notice of Plan Preparation ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10-1

10.3 Notice of Public Hearing ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 10-1

10.3.1 Notice to Cities and Counties ................................ ................................ ................ 10-2

10.3.2 Notice to Public ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10-2

10.4 Public Hearing and Adoption ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 10-3

10.4.1 Public Hearing ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 10-3

10.4.2 Adoption ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 10-3

10.5 Plan Submittal ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 10-3

10.5.1 Submitting an UWMP and WSCP to DWR................................ .............................. 10-4

10.5.2 Electronic Data Submittal ................................ ................................ ...................... 10-4

10.5.3 Submitting an UWMP and WSCP to the California State Library ........................... 10-4

10.5.4 Submitting an UWMP to Cities and Counties ................................ ........................ 10-4

10.6 Public Availability ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 10-4

10.7 Amending an Adopted UWMP or WSCP................................ ................................ ................. 10-4 11 References ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 11-1

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ES-1. Historic and Projected Population ................................ ................................ ....................... ES-1 Figure ES-2. Current Water Users by Sector ................................ ................................ ............................ ES-2 Figure ES-3. Historical Per Capita Water Use ................................ ................................ ........................... ES-3 Figure 3-1. Regional Location Map ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 3-2 Figure 3-2. Service Area ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 3-3 Figure 3-3. Climograph ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 3-5 Figure 3-4. Historical and Projected Population ................................ ................................ ........................ 3-7 Figure 4-1. 2025 Water Use by Sector ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 4-5 Figure 5-1. Historical Per Capita Water Use ................................ ................................ .............................. 5-2 Figure 6-1. Groundwater Basins and Subbasins ................................ ................................ ........................ 6-5 Figure 6-2. Historic Depth to Groundwater ................................ ................................ ............................... 6-8 Figure 6-3. FID Historic Kings River Entitlement ................................ ................................ ...................... 6-10 Figure 6-4. Recycled Water Use Areas................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 6-16

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LIST OF TABLES
Table ES-1. Past Water Use ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... ES-2 Table ES-2. Current and Projected Water Use by Sector ................................ ................................ ......... ES-3 Table ES-3. Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-2) .......................... ES-5 Table ES-4. Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-3) ...................... ES-5 Table ES-5. Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison ................................ ............................. ES-6 Table ES-6. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment ................................ ................................ ...................... ES-6 Table 1-1. Applicable Changes to the Water Code Since 2020 ................................ ................................ .. 1-3 Table 2-1. Public Water System (DWR Submittal Table 2-1) ................................ ................................ ..... 2-1 Table 2-2. Plan Identification (DWR Submittal Table 2-2) ................................ ................................ ......... 2-2 Table 2-3. Agency Identification (DWR Submittal Table 2-3) ................................ ................................ ..... 2-3 Table 2-4. Coordination with Appropriate Agencies ................................ ................................ .................. 2-4 Table 3-1. Climate Statistics ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 3-5 Table 3-2. Population – Current and Projected (DWR Submittal Table 3-1) ................................ .............. 3-7 Table 3-3. Land Uses ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3-9 Table 4-1. Past Water Production (2000-2025) ................................ ................................ ......................... 4-3 Table 4-2. Past Water Use for Groundwater Recharge (2010-2025) ................................ ......................... 4-4 Table 4-3. 2025 Demands for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual (DWR Submittal Table 4-1) ....... 4-5 Table 4-4. Use for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected (DWR Submittal Table 4-2) .................... 4-6 Table 4-5. Low-Income Water Demands ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 4-7 Table 4-6. Inclusion of Water Use in Projections (DWR Submittal Table 4-3) ................................ ............ 4-8 Table 4-7. Five-Year Projected Water Use ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4-9 Table 4-8. Last Five Years of Water Loss Audit Reporting (DWR Submittal Table 4-5) .............................. 4-9 Table 5-1. SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (DWR Submittal Table 5-1) ................................ ....................... 5-2 Table 5-2. Urban Water Use Objective ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 5-4 Table 6-1. Water Supply Wells................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 6-7 Table 6-2. Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Submittal Table 6-1) ................................ ..................... 6-8 Table 6-3. Historic Depth to Water, Recharge, and Rainfall ................................ ................................ ...... 6-9 Table 6-4. Actual and Projected Surface Water Supply ................................ ................................ ........... 6-11 Table 6-5. Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (DWR Submittal Table 6-2) .................... 6-14 Table 6-6. Wastewater Treatment and Discharge (DWR Submittal Table 6-3)................................ ........ 6-15 Table 6-7. Current and Projected Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses (DWR Submittal Table 6-4) ... 6-18 Table 6-8. 2020 Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual (DWR Submittal Table 6-5) 6-18 Table 6-9. Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Submittal Table 6-6) ......................... 6-19 Table 6-10. Water Banking Opportunities ................................ ................................ ............................... 6-20 Table 6-11. Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Submittal Table 6-7) ............... 6-22 Table 6-12. Water Supplies – Actual (DWR Submittal Table 6-8) ................................ ............................ 6-24 Table 6-13. Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Submittal Table 6-9) ................................ ....................... 6-24 Table 6-14. Energy Consumption (Optional DWR Submittal Table O-1A)................................ ................ 6-25 Table 7-1. Bases of Water Year Data (DWR Submittal Table 7-1) ................................ .............................. 7-4 Table 7-2. Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-2) ............................. 7-4 Table 7-3. Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-3) ......................... 7-5 Table 7-4. Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison ................................ ................................ . 7-6 Table 7-5. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (DWR Submittal Table 7-5) ................................ ............... 7-9 Table 9-1. Water Waste Prohibition Program Implementation ................................ ................................ . 9-2 Table 9-2. Current Water User Rates ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 9-3 Table 9-3. Proposed Water Rates ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 9-4 Table 9-4. Drought Response Surcharge by Conservation Goal and Fiscal Year ................................ ........ 9-5 Table 9-5. Washing Machine Rebate Program Implementation ................................ ................................ 9-7

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Table 9-6. Ultra-Low Flush Toilet Replacement Program ................................ ................................ .......... 9-7 Table 10-1. Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Submittal Table 10-1) ................................ .......... 10-2

APPENDICES
Appendix A – Outreach Documents
Appendix B – Water Loss Audit Reports
Appendix C – SB X7-7 Verification and Compliance Forms
Appendix D – 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Appendix E – City Ordinances
Appendix F – UWMP Checklist and DWR Tables
Appendix G – Adoption Resolution
Appendix H – Public Notice Documentation
Appendix I – Public Draft Comment Matrix

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ABBREVIATIONS
AB ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... Assembly Bill AF ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... acre-feet AFY ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... acre-feet per year AWWA ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... American Water Works Association CIMIS ................................ ................................ ..........California Irrigation Management Information System CII ................................ ................................ ................................ .... Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional City ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. City of Clovis CSA ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... county service area CVP ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ Central Valley Project CVWAC ................................ ................................ ...................... Central Valley Water Awareness Committee DBCP ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... Dibromochloropropane DIM ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... Dedicated Irrigation Meters DMMs ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... demand management measures DOF ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. California Department of Finance DRA ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... Drought Risk Assessment DWR ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ Department of Water Resources ENSO................................ ................................ ................................ .................... El Nino Southern Oscillation ETo ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... evapotranspiration oF................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... degrees Fahrenheit Fe ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... iron FID ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ Fresno Irrigation District FMFCD ................................ ................................ ......................... Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District gpcd ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ gallons per capita per day gpf ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... gallons per flush gpm ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... gallons per minute GSA ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... Groundwater Sustainability Agency GWD ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ Garfield Water District INI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . Irrigable Not Irrigated IWD................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... International Water District IWF ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... Integrated Water Factor Mn ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. manganese MTBE ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... Methyl Tert-butyl Ether MWELO ................................ ................................ ..................... Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance NKGSA ................................ ................................ ..................North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency NKGSP ................................ ................................ ....................... North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Plan O&M ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. Operations and Maintenance PFAS................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ perfluoroalkyl substances PG&E ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........Pacific Gas and Electric Company RWMP ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ Recycled Water Master Plan RWRF ................................ ................................ ...... Fresno-Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility SB 1420................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ Senate Bill No. 1420 SGMA................................ ................................ ............. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014 SOI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... Sphere of Influence STWRF ................................ ................................ .............................. Sewage Treatment Water Reuse Facility SWTP ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. Surface Water Treatment Plant TCP ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane TDS ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . total dissolved solids ULFT ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. ultra-low flush toilets

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UWMP ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... Urban Water Management Plans UWMP Guidebook .................. 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook for Urban Water Suppliers UWMPA ................................ ................................ ........................... Urban Water Management Planning Act WMP................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. Water Master Plan WSCP ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... water shortage contingency plan WUE ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... Water Use Efficiency WWD ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ waterworks department

City of Clovis August 2026
Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (LAY DESCRIPTION)
Legal Requirements:

CWC §1063.5 Each plan shall include a simple lay description of how much water the agency has on a reliable basis, how much it needs for the foreseeable future, what the agency’s strategy is for meeting its water needs, the challenges facing the agency, and any other information necessary to provide a general understanding of the agency’s plan.

This 2025 UWMP was prepared in compliance with the UWMPA and the Water Conservation Act of 2009 by Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group and the City. Contact information for the City and Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group is included at the beginning of the document.

The Purpose of the UWMP is to maintain efficient use of urban water supplies, continue to promote conservation programs and policies, ensure that sufficient water supplies are available for future beneficial use, and provide a mechanism for response during water drought conditions. This report, which was prepared in compliance with the California Water Code and as set forth in the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook for Urban Water Suppliers (Department of Water Resources, 2026) established by the DWR (UWMP Guidebook), constitutes the City of Clovis’ (City) 2025 UWMP.

The UWMP is organized into ten Sections, including:
• Section 1 – Introduction and System
Overview
• Section 2 – Plan Preparation
• Section 3 – System Description
• Section 4 – System Demands
• Section 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets,
and Compliance

• Section 6 – System Supplies
• Section 7 – Water Service Reliability
• Section 8 – Water Shortage
Contingency Planning
• Section 9 – Demand Management
Measures
• Section 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal,
and Implementation

This UWMP has been prepared for the City of Clovis and is not a regional or joint plan, but instead an individual plan for the City. The plan is based on the calendar year and is reported in units of acre-feet (one acre-foot is equivalent to approximately 325,851 gallons).

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The City limits currently encompass over 27.7
square miles, while the City’s Sphere of
Influence (SOI) covers 35.3 square miles.

Within the City’s water service boundary, the
City’s provides water supplies to
approximately 133,118 people throughout the
City of Clovis and the county island of Tarpey
Village. The population of the City is
anticipated to grow steadily each year, while
that of Tarpey Village is anticipated to remain
stable. The figure (shown at right) illustrates
the population growth anticipated in the
planning horizon of this plan.

50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
225,000
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Population
Year
Historical Population Projected Population
Figure ES-1. Historic and Projected Population

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

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SYSTEM DEMANDS
The City maintains records of past water use, seeing the lowest annual water production since 2001 occur in 2015; similarly, per capita water consumption in 2015 was at a historic low of 165 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). Total water demand increased again during pandemic conditions (2020 through 2022), while shelter in place conditions were enacted, including the 2022 per capita consumption of 182 gpcd, but has been declining again with per capita consumption of 169 gpcd in 2025. The following table illustrates the water demands since 2010.

Table ES-1. Past Water Use

YEAR ANNUAL WATER

PRODUCTION (AF) POPULATION PER CAPITA
CONSUMPTION (gpcd)
2010 24,735 99,335 222
2011 23,931 100,895 212
2012 26,110 102,362 228
2013 27,120 103,739 233
2014 25,067 105,640 212
2015 20,031 108,532 165
2016 20,623 111,015 166
2017 22,470 113,477 177
2018 23,123 116,891 177
2019 22,951 120,218 170
2020 24,828 122,350 181
2021 25,317 125,443 180
2022 25,977 127,607 182
2023 24,192 128,875 168
2024 25,417 131,618 172
2025 25,211 133,118 169

The following figure highlights the current water use by sector, showing single and multi-family uses as the primary user at 75 percent of the total (recharge is not shown in this figure).

Figure ES-2. Current Water Users by Sector

Single Family,

65.5%Multi-Family,

9.5%
Commercial, 6.3%
Institutional, 1.7%
Industrial, 1.9%
Landscape, 12.3%
Other, 0.4%
Losses, 2.4%
Single Family
Multi-Family
Commercial
Institutional
Industrial
Landscape
Other
Losses

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

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The City’s current and projected water use is shown in the table below, in acre-feet, by sector, including the City’s ongoing commitment to groundwater recharge.

Table ES-2. Current and Projected Water Use by Sector
USE TYPE 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family 16,521 19,123 21,096 23,278 25,691 28,360 Multi-Family 2,395 2,773 3,059 3,375 3,725 4,112
Commercial 1,587 2,060 2,272 2,507 2,767 3,054
Institutional 430 558 615 679 749 827
Industrial 491 638 703 776 856 945
Landscape 3,097 4,020 4,435 4,893 5,401 5,962
Other 89 115 127 140 155 171
Losses 601 781 861 950 1,049 1,158
Intentional Groundwater Recharge 7,641 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 Total 32,852 38,467 41,568 44,999 48,793 52,990

The projected water use is based on the 2020 Water Use Target (199 gpcd) for all uses except single- family and multi-family to account for some level of water use reduction for appropriate planning consistent with SB 1157. The purpose of this reduction is to address the efficient indoor residential water use standards of 47 gpcd effective in January 2025 and 42 gpcd effective in January 2030.

SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND COMPLIANCE
The City’s 2020 Compliance Water Use Target was set in the 2015 UWMP at 199 gpcd. The City does not need to modify that target based on any reasons provided in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook and will use the target to document compliance with SB X7-7. The City achieved a per capita water use of 169 gpcd in 2025, thereby meeting the target by 30 gpcd or approximately 15% additional water use reduction. Figure ES-3 is a graphical representation of the City Per Capita Water Use since 2010, when the baselines and targets were initially required. This figure highlights the City’s success in consistently decreasing its Per Capita Water Use.

Figure ES-3. Historical Per Capita Water Use

140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Water Use (gpcd)
Year
2010 Baseline 2015 Interim Target Water Use (gpcd) 2020 Target

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

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SYSTEM SUPPLIES
The City has three main water supply sources: groundwater, surface water, and recycled water. As the City continues to grow, it intends to expand its surface water supply use, recycled water use, and to continue intentional groundwater recharge efforts to relieve pressure on the groundwater aquifer.

Groundwater
The City extracts groundwater from the Kings Subbasin, an unadjudicated basin, with a status of critically overdrafted. The City worked cooperatively with several other agencies in the subbasin to prepare the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Plan (NKGSP) and subsequent update, as required by the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). The NKGSP explains the subbasin characteristics in detail and provides direction for compliance with SGMA, namely sustainable management of the aquifer by 2040.

The City currently obtains groundwater from thirty-two wells. Additionally, there are six planned wells and five standby wells. Combined the thirty-seven existing wells have a capacity of 37,670 gallons per minute (gpm), with another 4,380 gpm of planned capacity within the planning horizon of this document.

In 2025 the City utilized 16,972 AF of groundwater and conducted 7,641 AF of intentional groundwater recharge. The City continues to remain dedicated to recharge, as shown in the projected intentional groundwater recharge numbers above.

Surface Water
In addition to the groundwater supplies, the City also has access to surface water through several different contracts, all of which are delivered to the City by the Fresno Irrigation District (FID). The various surface water supplies are from the Kings River and Central Valley Project.

The City has access to a proportional share of the FID entitlement depending on the water deliveries in a particular year, with a maximum delivery of 32,100 AF based on total acres of the City that are within the FID boundary. The City treated approximately 8,240 AF of surface water in 2025.

The City, through FID, may have opportunities to access Central Valley Project Friant Class II water supplies, when available (Class II supplies are much less reliable than other surface water supplies).

The City executed a firm water supply agreement with FID in 2019 that provides a surface water supply that does not fluctuate with the FID entitlement, is usable throughout the City’s water service area, and will be available to the City on a consistent basis. This agreement provides for up to 7,000 AF per year by 2045, beginning at 1,000 AF in 2020; 2,500 AF was available to the City in 2025.

Finally, as the City grows and annexes portions of the Garfield and International Water Districts, those CVP, Class I water rights will be transferred to the City and added to the overall water supply portfolio.

Recycled Water
The City’s Water Reuse Facility produces tertiary treated effluent that can be used for a variety of applications but is primarily used either as agriculture or landscape irrigation, with the remaining being discharged to nearby creeks. The City intends to continue to expand the beneficial users of the recycled water supply and show the volumes in the water supply portfolio. Use of recycled water in this manner will continue to offset the City’s use of potable sources for non-potable demands, such as irrigation.

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

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WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY
Section 7 shows comparison of the City’s supply and demand projections, to gauge the system’s water supply reliability. This comparison is completed for ‘normal’ years when no drought conditions are present and water supplies are available in their expected quantities. All quantities are shown in acre- feet.

Table ES-3. Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-2) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals [1] 65,679 63,809 69,800 72,100 75,650
Demand Totals [2] 38,467 41,568 44,999 48,793 52,990
Surplus/(shortfall) 27,212 22,241 24,801 23,307 22,660
Notes:
[1] Supply totals are delineated by type (e.g., surface water, groundwater) in Table 6-13. [2] Demand totals are delineated by use type (e.g., single-family residential, commercial) in Table ES-2 and Table 4-4.

The comparison is also completed for a single-dry year scenario and a five-year, multiple dry year scenario. The single-dry year scenario used the 2015 drought as a model, with a significant reduction in surface water supplies. The only demand reduction employed in this scenario was to reduce intentional groundwater recharge; all customer demands were assumed to continue without mandatory conservation strategies. There are sufficient supplies to meet the demands for the single-dry year.

Table ES-4. Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-3) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals 46,133 43,623 46,637 47,970 51,159
Demand Totals [1] 30,067 33,168 36,599 40,393 44,590
Surplus/(shortfall) [2] 16,067 10,455 10,038 7,576 6,569 Notes:
[1] Groundwater recharged would be eliminated during a single-dry year event. [2] In instances of shortfall, groundwater pumping could be temporarily increased to meet demands, or conservation measures would be employed to reduce demands.

The multiple-dry year scenario used the 2012-2016 drought as a model, utilizing the reductions in surface water supplies of those years for the projected supply totals. The demand reductions fluctuated from 10 percent in the first, up to 30 percent in the fourth year, and 5 percent in the fifth year as the surface water supplies begin to rebound with the end of the drought conditions. Intentional groundwater recharge was also reduced during this scenario but not eliminated entirely. With demand conservation, the City would still have sufficient supply to meet demands in all years.

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

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Table ES-5. Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison SCENARIO 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
First year
Supply Totals 59,655 57,563 61,693 63,641 67,049
Demand Totals [1] 33,671 36,458 39,296 42,694 46,418
Surplus/(shortfall) 25,984 21,104 22,397 20,948 20,631
Second
year
Supply Totals 57,024 54,871 58,871 60,754 64,145
Demand Totals 33,322 36,160 39,078 42,532 46,302
Surplus/(shortfall) 23,702 18,711 19,793 18,222 17,843
Third year
Supply Totals 52,447 50,083 53,108 54,538 57,767
Demand Totals 29,184 31,723 34,226 37,276 40,607
Surplus/(shortfall) 23,263 18,360 18,883 17,262 17,161
Fourth year
Supply Totals 46,133 43,623 46,637 47,970 51,159
Demand Totals 24,618 26,895 29,227 31,950 34,867
Surplus/(shortfall) 21,515 16,728 17,410 16,019 16,291
Fifth year
Supply Totals 64,391 62,375 66,429 68,371 71,766
Demand Totals 36,645 39,574 42,471 46,043 50,008
Surplus/(shortfall) 27,746 22,801 23,957 22,328 21,759
Notes:
[1] Groundwater recharged would be reduced during a drought, as needed to avoid additional groundwater pumping as much as possible. A shortfall in supply would be met through additional groundwater pumping or more stringent conservation measures.

Lastly, the City prepared a Drought Risk Assessment, evaluating the preparedness of the City to contend with a drought immediately, in the next five years. This assessment draws upon the action detailed in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP). The City is able to meet demands without significant reduction measures.

Table ES-6. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment
YEAR

WITHOUT WSCP ACTIONS PLANNED WSCP ACTIONS
TOTAL
WATER
USE
TOTAL

SUPPLIES

SURPLUS/

SHORTFALL W/O

WSCP ACTION

USE REDUCTION

SAVINGS

BENEFIT (AF)

REVISED

SURPLUS/
(SHORTFALL)
% REDUCTION

FROM WSCP
ACTION
2026 33,975 50,337 16,362 2,880 19,242 8%
2027 35,098 48,543 13,445 2,715 16,160 8%
2028 36,221 45,242 9,021 5,625 14,646 16%
2029 37,344 40,515 3,171 8,729 11,900 23%
2030 38,467 55,321 16,855 1,503 18,358 4%

DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
The last portion of the UWMP is documentation of the City’s efforts to educate the public and manage the water system demands proactively. The City utilizes many measures to help manage demand including: Water Waste Prevention Ordinance, Metering, Conservation Pricing, Public Education, Distribution System Loss assistance, Water Conservation Program Coordinator, plumbing retrofits, water surveys, washing machine rebates, toilet replacements, conservation programs, and school education programs. The City has implemented a water waste ordinance and utilizes the steps listed therein to

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Executive Summary

ES-7
remind customers that water wasting is not allowed. Additionally, customers can request assistance with their water consumption through these varied programs in an effort to reduce consumption. With a volumetric billing rate and an additional charge during times of drought, the City’s programs are helpful for all types of water customers throughout the system.

City of Clovis August 2026
Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section One: Introduction

1-1
1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The California Water Code requires urban water suppliers within the state to prepare and adopt Urban Water Management Plans (UWMPs) for submission to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). The UWMPs, which must be filed every five years, must satisfy the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) of 1983 including amendments that have been made to the UWMPA and other applicable regulations. The UWMPA requires urban water suppliers servicing 3,000 or more connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare an UWMP.

The Purpose of the UWMP is to maintain efficient use of urban water supplies, continue to promote conservation programs and policies, ensure that sufficient water supplies are available for future beneficial use, and provide a mechanism for response during water drought conditions. This report, which was prepared in compliance with the California Water Code and as set forth in the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook for Urban Water Suppliers (Department of Water Resources, 2026) established by the DWR (UWMP Guidebook), constitutes the City of Clovis’ (City) 2025 UWMP.

This 2025 UWMP was prepared in compliance with the UWMPA and the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (Department of Water Resources, 2009) by Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group and the City. Contact information for the City and Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group is included at the beginning of the document.

1.2 PREVIOUS URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The City previously prepared an UWMP in 2020, which was approved and adopted by the City Council in July 2021. Following adoption, the 2020 UWMP was submitted to and approved by DWR.

This 2025 UWMP serves as an update to the 2020 UWMP (Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group, 2021) and complies with all new UWMP requirements and regulations.

1.3 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND THE CALIFORNIA WATER CODE
This section summarizes the California Water Code (CWC) sections that are applicable to UWMPs.

1.3.1 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING ACT OF 1983
In 1983, State Assembly Bill (AB) 797 modified the California Water Code Division 6 by creating the UWMPA. Several amendments to the original UWMPA, which were introduced since 1983, have increased the data requirements and planning elements to be included in UWMPs.

Initial amendments to the UWMPA required that total projected water use be compared to water supply sources over the next 20 years in 5-year increments. Recent DWR guidelines also suggest projecting through a 25-year planning horizon to maintain a 20-year timeframe until the next UWMP update has been completed. This is merely a guideline and not a requirement of the UWMPA. Therefore, the use of a 25-year planning horizon as opposed to a 20-year planning horizon is left up to the discretion of the agency. A 25-year planning horizon has been selected for the purposes of this UWMP.

Other amendments require that UWMPs include provisions for recycled water use, demand management measures (DMMs), and a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP). The UWMPA requires inclusion of a

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WSCP, which meets the specifications, set forth therein. Recycled water was added in the reporting requirements for water usage and figures prominently in the requirements for evaluation of alternative water supplies when future projections predict the need for additional water supplies. Each urban water purveyor must coordinate the preparation of the WSCP with other urban water purveyors in the area to the extent practicable. Each water supplier must also describe their water demand management measures that are being implemented or scheduled for implementation.

In addition to the UWMPA and its amendments, several other regulations are related to the content of the UWMP. In summary, the key relevant regulations are:
• Assembly Bill (AB) 1668 (Friedman, 2018) and Senate Bill (SB) 606 (Hertzberg, 2018): These two bills amended existing law to provide expanded and new authorities and requirements to enable permanent changes and actions for those purposes, improving the state’s water future for generations to come. SB 606 and AB 1668 provide complementary authorities and requirements that affect water conservation and drought planning for urban water suppliers, agricultural water suppliers, small water suppliers, and rural communities. • SB 606 (Hertzberg, 2018): This bill added several new requirements including changes to the stages required by the Water Shortage Contingency Plan from four to six, preparation of a drought risk assessment to be included in the UWMP, and addition of a Lay Description to the UWMP.
• SB 664 (Hertzberg, 2015): Requires urban water suppliers to provide a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan as part of their UWMP update or approved equal plan. • AB 1465 (Hill, 2009): Requires water suppliers to describe opportunities related to recycled water use and stormwater recapture to offset potable water use. • AB 1420 (Laird, 2007): Requires implementation of DMMs/best management practices (BMPs) and meeting the 20x2020 targets to qualify for water management grants or loans. • SB 1087 (Florez, 2005): Requires water suppliers to report single-family residential (SFR) and multi-family residential (MFR) projected water use for lower income areas separately. • Amendment SB 318 (Alpert, 2004): Requires the UWMP to describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including but not limited to ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as long-term supply.
• AB 105 (Wiggins, 2004): Requires urban water suppliers to submit their UWMPs to the California State Library.
• Amendments SB 610 (Costa, 2001) and AB 901 (Daucher, 2001): Effective beginning January 1, 2002, require counties and cities to consider information relating to the availability of water to supply large new developments by mandating the preparation of further water supply planning (Daucher) and Water Supply Assessments (Costa).

1.3.2 WATER CONSERVATION ACT OF 2009 (SB X7-7)
This bill requires the State to achieve a 20-percent reduction in per capita water use by 2020. Retail water suppliers are required to comply with the water conservation requirements in SB X7-7 to be eligible for State water grants or loans. Each retail water agency shall establish water use targets and track progress towards decreasing daily per capita water use.

1.3.3 APPLICABLE CHANGES TO THE WATER CODE SINCE 2020 UWMP The applicable changes to the CWC since the completion of the City’s 2020 UWMP are summarized in Table 1-1.

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Table 1-1. Applicable Changes to the Water Code Since 2020

TOPIC CWC

SECTION SUMMARY
General State Powers over
Water 110
Discusses water use for irrigation of nonfunctional turf.

Legislature has directed all appropriate state agencies to encourage and support the elimination of irrigation of
nonfunctional turf with potable water.

Conservation,
Development, and
Utilization of State Water
Resources (Definitions)
10608.12
Defines terms used within the Health and Safety Code.

Definitions remain the same, but subheadings have been
updated.

Nonfunctional Turf 10608.14
Prohibits use of potable water for the irrigation of
nonfunctional turf on commercial, industrial, and
institutional properties other than a cemetery and
properties of homeowner associations, common interest
developments, and community service organization or
similar entities. Exceptions are listed.

Urban Water Use
Objectives and Water Use
Reporting
10609.4
Updates the standard indoor residential water use
objectives through the year 2030. Impacts of these
standards will be evaluated in regards to water,
wastewater, and recycled water systems. Long term
effects of telework will be evaluated.

1.4 WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING EFFORTS
The City is committed to provide a reliable and high-quality water supply to its customers. To ensure that the City will be able to continue to reliably serve the residents of Clovis in the future, the City has conducted/participated in several important planning efforts that relate to water supply planning and are related to the UWMP. Some of the most critical water planning efforts are summarized below:
• City of Clovis General Plan: In August 2014, the City adopted an update to its General Plan that guides land use and development for the Clovis Planning Area that is expected to accommodate 80 years of growth. The General Plan focuses on the preservation and enhancement of the existing Clovis community while allowing the continued development of three Urban Centers to ensure the long-term viability of the City. An update to the 2014 General Plan is currently in progress.
• Water Master Plan Update: The City has previously prepared three Water Master Plans (WMP).

The "Phase I" Water Master Plan was completed in 1995, which was prepared to support the City's 1994 Clovis General Plan. The primary purpose of the Phase I Master Plan was to examine the feasibility of continued growth within Clovis from a water resource perspective. The findings of the Phase I Master Plan recommended a conjunctive use approach, where the City would utilize a combination of groundwater, groundwater recharge, and surface water to meet its customers' demands. The 1999 Phase II Water Master Plan was a continuation of the Phase I Master Plan that identified water supply and distribution system infrastructure facilities to support the General Plan growth based on the conjunctive use approach. The Phase III Water Master Plan, completed in 2017, served to update the Phase II Water Master Plan to reflect changes in demands, supplies, and potential service area to correspond with the 2014 General Plan.

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• Recycled Water Master Plan: In 2005, the City developed a Recycled Water Master Plan (RWMP) to serve as a tool for the City to evaluate and implement recycled water infrastructure projects to convey disinfected tertiary-treated water from the City's Sewage Treatment Water Reuse Facility (STWRF), located near the intersection of Ashlan Avenue and McCall Avenue, to recycled water users within the City. Since the development of the 2005 Recycled Water Master Plan, the Water Reuse Facility has become operational, and the City has begun supplying recycled water. The Recycled Water Master Plan was updated in 2018 to reflect changes in potential use areas, conveyance alignments, and the 2014 General Plan boundaries. • Groundwater Sustainability Plan: The City is a member of the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency (NKGSA). The NKGSA prepared and submitted a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) in January 2020, which was revised and resubmitted in 2022 based on feedback from DWR, and subsequently approved by DWR. The GSP was updated in January 2025, and it is awaiting review and approval by DWR. It will be subsequently updated as needed based on feedback from DWR or changes in the sustainable management criteria. Every five years, NKGSA submits a periodic evaluation to DWR to demonstrate progress toward achieving groundwater sustainability in accordance with the GSP. The NKGSA’s GSP was prepared in response to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014 (SGMA), which is codified in California Water Code Section 10720 et seq. The legislation created a statutory framework for groundwater management in California that can be sustained during the planning and implementation horizon without causing undesirable results. SGMA requires governments and water agencies of critically overdrafted basins to reach sustainability by 2040.

1.5 UWMP ORGANIZATION
This report is organized according to the recommended format provided in the DWR’s 2025 UWMP Guidebook. The UWMP contains ten sections, followed by appendices that provide supporting documentation for the information presented in the report. The sections are outlined below:
• Lay Description/Executive Summary: This section includes a lay description of the fundamental determinations of the UWMP regarding water service reliability, challenges ahead, and managing reliability risks.
• Section 1 – Introduction and System Overview: This section provides background information for the 2025 UWMP and explains why the plan is needed.
• Section 2 – Plan Preparation: This section provides background information in the development of the UWMP and efforts in coordination and outreach.
• Section 3 – System Description: This section describes the service area, population, and climate affecting the supplier’s water management planning. This section also presents an overview of the City’s water distribution system.
• Section 4 – System Demands: This section describes and quantifies the current and projected water uses within the City’s service area. This section will also address climate change as it relates to system water use.
• Section 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance: This section describes the methods for calculating baseline and target consumption. It also includes a description of the City’s efforts to meet the 2025 water use target.
• Section 6 – System Supplies: This section describes the current and projected sources of water available to the City. A description of the potential recycled water use, supply availability and associated energy use is also included in this section. This section also addresses climate change as it relates to system supplies.
• Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability: This section describes and quantifies the current and projected potable and non-potable water supplies. This section also includes a description of

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planned sources of supplies, and the supply’s management in correlation with other identified supplies.
• Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Planning: This section references the City’s staged plan for dealing with water shortages, including a catastrophic supply interruption. • Section 9 – Demand Management Measures: This section describes the City’s efforts to promote conservation, reduce water demand, and describes the City’s demand management measures. • Section 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation: This section describes the steps taken to adopt and submit the City’s UWMP and make it publicly available. This section will also describe the City’s plan to implement the UWMP.

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2 PLAN PREPARATION
This section presents information on the development of the 2025 UWMP and efforts in coordination and outreach.

2.1 BASIS FOR PREPARING A PLAN
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10617 “Urban water supplier” means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems subject to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 116275) of Part 12 of Division 104 of the Health and Safety Code.

CWC §10608.12(t) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.

CWC §10608.12(w) “Urban wholesale water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that provides more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually at wholesale for potable municipal purposes.

CWC §10620(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier.

CWC §10620(d) An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of this part by participation in area wide, regional, watershed, or basin wide urban water management planning where those plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement of conservation, efficient water use, and improved local drought resilience CWC §10621(a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before July 1, in years ending in six and one, incorporating updated and new information from the five years preceding each update.

CWC §10644(a)(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.

California Health and Safety Code §116275(h) “Public Water System” means a system for the provision of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances that has 15 or more service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.

The CWC defines an urban water supplier as “a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes”. Table 2-1 documents the number of municipal connections and the volume of water supplied in 2025. The City is considered an urban retail water supplier that supplies water to a single water system

Table 2-1. Public Water System (DWR Submittal Table 2-1)

PUBLIC WATER

SYSTEM NUMBER

PUBLIC WATER

SYSTEM NAME

NUMBER OF

CONNECTIONS

VOLUME OF WATER

SUPPLIED (AF)
1010003 Clovis, City of 41,572 25,211
Notes:

Municipal connections include all connections, metered and unmetered, but not construction, recycled, and emergency water service connections.

Volume of Water Supplied includes all potable water into the system without correction for losses.

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2.1.1 SUPPLIERS WITH BOTH WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES
The City only provides water for retail sales.

2.1.2 PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §116275(h) “Public Water System” means a system for the provision of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances that has 15 or more service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.”
The City provides water for retail use and is considered a public water system. The City serves a single public water system.

2.2 INDIVIDUAL PLANNING AND COMPLIANCE
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10620(d)(1) An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of this part by participation in area wide, regional, watershed, or basin wide urban water management planning where those plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement of conservation, efficient water use, and improved local drought resilience.

Water agencies are given the option to develop UWMPs individually or collectively as a regional group.

While efforts to prepare the UWMP were coordinated with appropriate agencies, this UWMP was developed for the City service area only, and the City is not participating in a Regional UWMP as shown in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2. Plan Identification (DWR Submittal Table 2-2)

SELECT ONE TYPE OF PLAN NAME OF REGIONAL

ALLIANCE OR RUWMP
☒ Individual UWMP
If Water Supplier is also a member of an SB X7-7 Regional Alliance, select name from the drop-down. N/A
 Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP)
If Supplier selected RUWMP, select name from the drop-
down. N/A

2.3 FISCAL OR CALENDAR YEAR AND UNITS OF MEASURE
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10608.20(a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers … may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis.

The City is reporting on a calendar year basis and therefore the 2025 data includes the months of January to December 2025. Additionally, the data presented in this UWMP is presented in the units of acre-feet (AF). Table 2-3 indicates the City’s type of reporting year and the units of measure for reporting water volumes throughout the 2025 UWMP.

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Table 2-3. Agency Identification (DWR Submittal Table 2-3)

TYPE OF SUPPLIER (SELECT ONE OR BOTH)
 Supplier is a wholesale supplier
☒ Supplier is a retail supplier

FISCAL OR CALENDAR YEAR (SELECT ONE)
☒ UWMP Tables are in calendar years
 UWMP Tables are in fiscal years

UNITS OF MEASURE USED IN UWMP
Unit AF

2.4 COORDINATION AND OUTREACH
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same five-year increments, and during various water year types in accordance with subdivision.

CWC §10631(f). - An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP identify the water agency’s coordination with appropriate nearby agencies.

The City’s 2025 UWMP is intended to address those aspects of the UWMPA, which are under the control of the City, specifically water supply and water use. While preparing the 2025 UWMP, the City coordinated its efforts with relevant agencies to ensure that the data and issues are presented accurately.

2.4.1 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL COORDINATION
The City does not receive wholesale water, nor does it plan to in the future. DWR Submittal Table 2-4 is not applicable.

2.4.2 COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES AND THE COMMUNITY Legal Requirements:

CWC §10620(d)(3) - Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.

CWC §10642. - Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan...

The City solicited participation from other agencies and organizations for the preparation of the 2025 UWMP. Table 2-4 summarizes how the UWMP preparation was coordinated.

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Table 2-4. Coordination with Appropriate Agencies

COORDINATING

AGENCIES

SENT A NOTICE OF

INTENTION TO

UPDATE UWMP

SENT ELECTRONIC

ACCESS TO THE

DRAFT PLAN

COMMENTED

ON THE DRAFT

ATTENDED
PUBLIC

MEETINGS
Bakman Water
Company ☒ ☒  
City of Fresno Public
Utilities Department ☒ ☒  
County of Fresno
Public Works ☒ ☒  
Fresno Irrigation
District ☒ ☒  
Fresno Metropolitan
Flood Control District ☒ ☒  
Garfield Water
District ☒ ☒  
International Water
District ☒ ☒  
North Kings
Groundwater
Sustainability Agency
☒ ☒  

2.4.3 NOTICE TO CITIES AND COUNTIES
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10621(b) - Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.

The City provided formal written notification to the City of Fresno and Fresno County that the City’s UWMP was being updated. In accordance with the UWMPA, this notification was provided at least 60 days prior to the public hearing of the plan. Electronic copies of the final UWMP will be provided to these agencies no later than 30 days after its submission to the DWR. Appendix A contains copies of the outreach documents.

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3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(a) [A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:] Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP include a description of the water purveyor’s service area and various aspects of the area served including climate, population, and other demographic factors.

3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The City is located in the northeast quadrant to the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area and is situated in the midst of the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. Since its incorporation in 1912, Clovis has been the “Gateway to the Sierra”. Dedicated to promoting planned growth while retaining its unique western atmosphere, the City’s population has more than doubled since 1985. The City’s economic base consists of retail sales and services and light manufacturing. Availability of housing, quality hospital care, excellent schools with modern facilities, responsive safety services, a mild climate, access to varied recreational opportunities, and strong community identity all contribute to Clovis’ reputation as a great place to live1.

Figure 3-1 provides a location map for the City.

The formation of alluvial fans in this part of the San Joaquin Valley has led to rather flat regional geography and has an average elevation of approximately 355 feet above mean sea level. The City has a long history of agriculture land use. However, agriculture has given way to residential housing and other aspects of urbanization.

3.2 SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY
The City limits currently encompass over 27.7 square miles. The City’s Sphere of Influence (SOI) covers

35.3 square miles, while the City’s General Plan encompasses approximately 75 square miles. Figure 3-2 illustrates the boundary of the service area, SOI, and General Plan Boundary.

1 https://www.clovisca.gov/government/about_clovis.php

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Figure 3-1: Regional Location Map
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City of Clovis UWMP Update
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City of Clovis UWMP Update
Figure 3-2: Study Area Map
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The City is a public agency that operates under a Council-Manager form of government. City residents elect a five-member City Council to serve as the City’s legislative and governing body. The City Council provides policy direction to the City Manager, who is responsible for administering City operations. The City’s Public Utilities Department is responsible for many public services within the City, including water service, sewer service, recycled water service, refuse, streets, parks, street lighting and signals, and fleet maintenance.

The City’s Public Utilities Department is the only municipal water purveyor in the City and provides service to approximately 133,118 customers. The City’s service area encompasses the City limits and the small, unincorporated community of Tarpey Village. The City’s 2025 estimated population is 129,121 while Tarpey Village has an estimated population of 3,997 and is mainly comprised of residential housing.

Within the City’s General Plan Area but outside of the SOI are three county service areas (CSA) and one waterworks district (WWD) that provide water service. Currently, the three CSAs and WWD are considered independent of the City’s utilities and service system.

3.3 SERVICE AREA CLIMATE
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(a) [A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:] Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

CWC § 10630 -It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning … while accounting for impacts from climate change.

The climate in the City can be classified as a Mediterranean-type climate. Summers are hot and dry, and winters are cool with an average precipitation of about 11.54 inches. The area is subject to significant variations in annual precipitation. Most of the annual precipitation occurs during the period from November through April. Table 3-1 summarizes monthly average evapotranspiration (ETo) rates, precipitation, and temperature. The total average monthly precipitation and average minimum and maximum monthly temperatures are also shown on Figure 3-3.

The average annual temperature is 63 degrees Fahrenheit (oF), although it is not unusual for summer readings to reach well over 100 oF. According to the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS), the monthly average mean temperature in July is 81 oF, with an average maximum of 96 oF and an average minimum of 64 oF.

3.3.1 CLIMATE CHANGE
DWR guidelines require urban water suppliers to consider the potential effects related to climate changes as in the UWMP as it relates to water demands, water supply, and water reliability. These topics are addresses in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of the UWMP, respectively.

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Table 3-1. Climate Statistics

MONTH AVERAGE
ETO (inches)

AVERAGE

RAINFALL
(inches)
TEMPERATURE (degrees F)

AVERAGE

MINIMUM

AVERAGE

MAXIMUM AVERAGE
January 1.22 2.30 37 58 47
February 2.00 1.85 39 63 51
March 3.68 2.08 43 68 55
April 5.43 0.93 47 74 61
May 7.41 0.49 53 82 68
June 8.47 0.16 59 90 76
July 8.91 0.01 64 96 81
August 7.89 0.02 63 95 79
September 5.76 0.10 58 90 74
October 3.75 0.58 49 80 63
November 1.89 1.03 41 67 52
December 1.10 1.98 37 57 46
Total/Average 57.52 11.54 49 77 63
Notes: (CIMIS 2026A); Fresno State - San Joaquin Valley Station 80 - Oct 1988-Jan 2026

Figure 3-3. Climograph

California has a Mediterranean climate, which is not expected to change with climate change projections in the future. The climate consists of cool, wet winters and hot dry summers typically.

According to climate scientists, increases in global greenhouse gas levels are changing climate patterns around the world and, it is speculated, may begin to change them at an accelerated pace from what has occurred in the past. An accelerated rate of change could potentially result in impacts to the local climate 0 20
40 60
80 100
120
0 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 Degrees F
Inches
Average ETo Average Rainfall Average Minimum Temperature Average Maximum Temperature

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of the City in the form of higher temperatures, increased drought and floods, decreased snowpack amounts and durations, and other extreme variations in weather patterns. As the UWMP projects through 2045, these changes could potentially manifest themselves over that period and could potentially affect the availability and volume of water resources.

3.3.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
In the past, the amount of rainfall has been consistent with periods of drought and periods of excess precipitation spaced relatively far apart. With climate change, the rainfall levels could begin to vary more year to year, incurring droughts followed by excesses with less time between them. Typically, climate change predicts a decrease in average rainfall for the area, while temperatures are expected to increase.

However, increased temperatures could intensify the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, possibly resulting in very abundant precipitation in wet years and drought level dry years.

For areas that rely on surface water deliveries, as the City does, this weather pattern change could mean less dependable surface water deliveries, as the snowpack diminishes in some years. Increasing temperatures could start the snowpack spring melting period earlier and at an increased rate, which will increase the need for capacity in storage and open channel conveyance facilities. The increased melting rate could also lead to extensive flooding in lower lying areas due to lack of storage infrastructure.

3.4 SERVICE AREA POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

3.4.1 SERVICE AREA POPULATION
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(a) [A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:] Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

According to data collected from the California Department of Finance (DOF), the City’s population for the year 2025 was approximately 129,121 with an additional estimated population of 3,997 served within the service area boundary which includes Tarpey Village. This corresponds to a services area population of 133,118. The Tarpey Village area is considered built-out; therefore, the population is assumed to remain constant. The City’s population increase over the last fifteen years has averaged 2.04 percent annually, from 95,447 in 2010 to 129,121 in 2025. DOF official population estimates from 2010 - 2025 were used to determine the average annual growth percentage for the time period, which is considered to be a reasonable proxy for projecting the City’s growth over the next 25 years rather than an average annual growth percentage that is averaged over a larger, more historical data set. The projected population estimate for 2050 is 213,729 (City only) and 217,726 for the service area.

The City’s documented population is entirely served by the City’s water system. As the City continues to grow, it is assumed that the projected population will also be served by the City’s water system.

Therefore, population projections, shown in Table 3-2 and Figure 3-4, are used to forecast water demands for the City. Historical population statistics shown on Figure 3-4 are from DOF estimates.

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Table 3-2. Population – Current and Projected (DWR Submittal Table 3-1)

POPULATION
SERVED
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
133,118 146,811 161,956 178,707 197,234 217,726
Notes:
[1] Population Served is defined as the population served by the distribution system. Population projections provided by the City of Clovis.

Figure 3-4. Historical and Projected Population

3.4.2 OTHER SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(a) [A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:] Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

The City has a diverse ethnic population, with white residents making up 49.4 percent, followed by Hispanic or Latino residents at 31.6 percent, Asian residents at 14.3 percent, American Indian and Alaska Native residents at 1.5 percent, and Black or African American residents at 1.0 percent per 2024 American Community Survey data.
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
225,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Population
Year
Historical Population
Projected Population

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Approximately 92% of adults have at least a high school diploma with almost 37% having a Bachelor’s degree or higher. Approximately 24% of households speak a language other than English at home. The median income for Clovis is approximately $93,000 in 20242.

3.5 LAND USES WITHIN SERVICE AREA
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(a) [A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:] Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

The City has 21 land uses identified in the City’s General Plan (updated in 2014). The existing service area includes the land use acreages shown in Table 3-3

The City’s SOI, anticipated to be fully built-out by 2035 and the General Plan boundary, anticipated to be fully built-out in 2083 (or later) have the land use acreages shown in Table 3-3.

2 U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Clovis city, California, accessed 5/4/2026

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Table 3-3. Land Uses

LAND USE CATEGORY SOI BOUNDARY

ACREAGES

GENERAL PLAN

BOUNDARY ACREAGES
Agriculture 44 5,463
General Commercial 854 885
High Density Residential 490 718
Industrial 542 542
Low Density Residential 5,380 6,146
Medium Density Residential 3,544 4,656
Medium High Density Residential 1,355 1,953
Mixed Use Business Campus 1,018 1,018
Mixed Use Village 825 1,022
Neighborhood Commercial 40 40
Office 283 283
Open Space 257 4,268
Park 449 533
Planned Rural Community 0 280
Public/Quasi-Public Facilities 536 547
Rural Residential 952 10,960
School 705 1,040
Special Commercial 0 170
Very High Density Residential 39 129
Very Low Density Residential 401 401
Water 778 1,163
Totals [1] 18,492 42,217
Notes:
[1] The total acreages shown in this table are less than the total acreages contained by the City's current Sphere of Influence and 2014 General Plan boundaries due to streets, highways, and right-of-way areas being omitted from the land use totals.

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4 SYSTEM DEMANDS
This section describes and quantifies the past, current, and projected water demands within the City’s service area.

4.1 NON-POTABLE VERSUS POTABLE USE
This section addresses demands that are met by non-potable and potable water sources. Recycled water, which is also available to the City, is utilized to meet non -potable water demands and is described comprehensively in Section 6. Currently, the City provides recycled water for landscape and agricultural irrigation through 172 metered landscape services and one agricultural irrigation service. There is a goal of expanding the users to include schools within the Clovis Unified Scho ol District in the future, as discussed in the City’s Recycled Water Master Plan (RWMP) (Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group, 2017).

4.2 PAST, CURRENT, AND PROJECTED WATER USE BY SECTOR
The UWMPA requires that the UWMP identify the quantity of water supplied to the City’s customers, including a breakdown by user classification.

Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10635(a) - Every urban water Supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

CWC § 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five- year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following… (2). The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a). (4)(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area.
(B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following: (i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections. (ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.

The City utilizes several water use sectors identified in the CWC and tracks water use within those sectors separately. Historic and projected water use are presented in those sectors.

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4.2.1 WATER USE SECTORS LISTED IN WATER CODE
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(d)
(1) Quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following uses:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof. (I) Agricultural.
(J) Distribution system water loss.
(2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).

The City’s water customers are divided into seven categories that include single -family and multi -family residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape irrigation, and “other”. Since the preparation of the 2020 UWMP, the number of new water customers has increased approximately 1 percent annually.

Much of the growth is attributed to single -family residents, who currently account for 60 percent of the City’s total potable water demand. The City also tracks distribution system losses via the water auditing process annually.

4.2.2 PAST WATER USE
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(d) - (1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past… water use… based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors…

The City maintains records of past water use, as shown in Table 4-1 below. Annual water production for 2015 was at its lowest since 2001; similarly, per capita water consumption in 2015 was at a historic low of 165 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). This decrease in demand can be attributed to statewide and local conservation measures enacted as a result of state mandates due to extreme drought conditions within California. Total water demand increased again during pandemic conditions (2020 through 2022), while shelter in place conditions were enacted, including the 2022 per capita consumption of 182 gpcd, but has been declining again with per capita consumption as low as 169 gpcd in 2025. Table 4-1 lists the historical water production from 2000 to 2025; it only accounts for total potable water.

The City used untreated surface water delivered for groundwater recharge, of which 7,641 AF (2,490 million gallons [MG]) was delivered to various basins, creeks, and landscape areas throughout the City’s Service Area in 2025. Past raw water use, as groundwater recharge, is shown in Table 4-2.

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Table 4-1. Past Water Production (2000-2025)
YEAR

ANNUAL POTABLE WATER PRODUCTION POPULATION
TOTAL
ANNUAL
(AF)

TOTAL ANNUAL
(MG) [1]
DAILY

AVERAGE
(MGD)

POPULATION
[2]

PER CAPITA

CONSUMPTION
(gpcd)
2000 19,355 6,307 17.3 72,473 238
2001 20,196 6,581 18.0 72,466 249
2002 21,277 6,933 19.0 76,457 248
2003 22,599 7,364 20.2 79,741 253
2004 24,352 7,935 21.7 84,040 259
2005 24,134 7,864 21.5 88,474 244
2006 25,426 8,285 22.7 92,154 246
2007 27,424 8,936 24.5 94,063 260
2008 27,761 9,046 24.8 96,385 257
2009 26,178 8,530 23.4 97,523 240
2010 24,735 8,060 22.1 99,335 222
2011 23,931 7,798 21.4 100,895 212
2012 26,110 8,508 23.3 102,362 228
2013 27,120 8,837 24.2 103,739 233
2014 25,067 8,168 22.4 105,640 212
2015 20,031 6,527 17.9 108,532 165
2016 20,623 6,720 18.4 111,015 166
2017 22,470 7,322 20.1 113,477 177
2018 23,123 7,535 20.6 116,891 177
2019 22,951 7,478 20.5 120,218 170
2020 24,828 8,090 22.2 122,350 181
2021 25,317 8,249 22.6 125,443 180
2022 25,977 8,465 23.2 127,607 182
2023 24,192 7,883 21.6 128,875 168
2024 25,417 8,282 22.7 131,618 172
2025 25,211 8,215 22.5 133,118 169
Notes:
[1] Public Water System Statistics; includes all water supplies entering the potable water system such as well and surface water production. Untreated raw water and recycled water used for non-potable demands and delivered through the recycled water system or other agency’s facilities are not included.
[2] California Department of Finance and American Community Survey Population Estimate; includes City and Tarpey Village population.

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Table 4-2. Past Water Use for Groundwater Recharge (2010-2025)

YEAR TOTAL ANNUAL
(AF)

TOTAL ANNUAL
(MG)
2010 8,365 2,726
2011 8,595 2,801
2012 9,681 3,155
2013 9,254 3,015
2014 3,272 1,066
2015 1,809 589
2016 9,400 3,063
2017 14,077 4,587
2018 8,885 2,895
2019 12,647 4,121
2020 5,316 1,732
2021 1,549 505
2022 6,857 2,234
2023 12,039 3,923
2024 9,770 3,184
2025 7,641 2,490
Notes:
[1] Raw water usage for recharge purposes and two onsite landscape application locations (Letterman Park and Reagan Center)

4.2.3 CURRENT WATER USE
Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10631(d) - (1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past… water use… based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors…

Water use throughout the year varies, with the greatest monthly use occurring in the summer months, due in large part to the landscape needs. A graphical representation of the information presented in Table 4-3 is shown in Figure 4-1; however, groundwater recharge is not shown on the figure, as it is not a direct use of potable water supplies.

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Figure 4-1. 2025 Water Use by Sector

Table 4-3. 2025 Demands for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual (DWR Submittal Table 4-1)

USE TYPE ADDITIONAL

DESCRIPTION

POTABLE OR

NON-POTABLE
VOLUME
(AF)
VOLUME
(MG)
Single Family Includes residential
landscaping Potable 16,521 5,383
Multi-Family Includes residential
landscaping Potable 2,395 781
Commercial Potable 1,587 517
Institutional/Governmental Potable 430 140
Industrial Potable 491 160
Landscape Potable 3,097 1,009
Other (optional) Construction Potable 89 29
Distribution System Water
Loss
Accounts for real
and apparent losses Potable 601 196
Groundwater recharge Raw Water 7,641 2,490
Total 32,852 10,705
Notes:

Source DWR Public Water System Statistics and the City of Clovis. Recycled water was removed from landscape volume. Water loss is the total water supplied minus authorized consumption.

Single Family, 65.5%
Multi-Family, 9.5%
Commercial, 6.3%
Institutional, 1.7%
Industrial, 1.9%
Landscape, 12.3%
Other, 0.4%
Losses, 2.4%

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4.2.4 PROJECTED WATER USE

4.2.4.1 GENERAL GUIDANCE ON PROJECTIONS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(d) – (1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, … projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors… CWC §10631(h) - An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available… If a Retail Supplier receives water from a Wholesale Supplier, the Retail Supplier must provide their projected use of that supply to the Wholesale Supplier. Suppliers will report which wholesale suppliers were informed of their projected use using Submittal Table 2-4 R. Wholesale Only No general guidance applicable to Wholesale Suppliers only.

CWC §10633 - The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water...and shall include all of the following:... (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a descripti on of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision...

CWC §10635 (a) - Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and dem and assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long -term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five -year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the u rban water supplier.

This section is based on a normal water year and normal water use, without additional restrictions put in place. Section 7 discusses, in detail, water demand and supply characteristics associated with single -dry and multiple-dry years, including a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA). Table 4-4 summarizes the projected water demands by sector for 2030 through 2050, for normal years. Table 4-5 represents the total sum of projected water demands for potable and raw use within the service area. These demands represent the City’s total demand in the future. Section 6 further discusses the current and projected use of recycled water.

Table 4-4. Use for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected (DWR Submittal Table 4-2)

USE TYPE ADDITIONAL

DESCRIPTION
PROJECTED WATER USE (AF) [1]
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family Includes residential
landscaping 19,123 21,096 23,278 25,691 28,360
Multi-Family Includes residential
landscaping 2,773 3,059 3,375 3,725 4,112
Commercial 2,060 2,272 2,507 2,767 3,054
Institutional 558 615 679 749 827
Industrial 638 703 776 856 945
Landscape [2] 4,020 4,435 4,893 5,401 5,962
Other Construction 115 127 140 155 171
Losses [3] Accounts for real
and apparent losses 781 861 950 1,049 1,158
Intentional Groundwater
Recharge 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400
Total 38,467 41,568 44,999 48,793 52,990
Notes:
[1] Projected water use is based on the 2020 Water Use Target (199 gpcd) for all uses except single-family and multi-family, as discussed in Section 4.3.2.
[2] Includes all landscape demands met by both potable and recycled water supply sources. [3] Water loss is the total water supplied minus recorded consumption.

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4.2.4.2 STANDARDS, CODES, ORDINANCES, AND PLANS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(d)(4)
(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area. (B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following:
(i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections.
(ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.

4.2.4.2.1 LOWER-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631.1
(a) The water use projections required by Section 10631 shall include projected water use for single -family and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of the supplier. (b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the identification of projected water use for single-family and multifamily residential housing for lower income households will assist a supplier in complying with the requirement under Section 65589.7 of the Government Code to grant a priority for the provision of service to housing units affordable to lower income households.

California Health and Safety Code 50079.5(a ) - “Lower income households” means persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families… In the event the federal standards are discontinued, the department s hall, by regulation, establish income limits for lower income households for all geographic areas of the state at 80 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size and revised annually.

As described above, the UWMP is required to account for low -income household water demands. Low - income households are defined as families with an income less than 80-percent of the area median income, adjusted for family size.

To calculate low-income water demands, the current and projected water use of single -family and multi- family residential households were used in conjunction with the estimated percent of very -low and low- income households within the service area, which in this case will include both low- and very low-income households. The Regional Housing Needs Determination, prepared by the Department of Housing and Community Development, for Fresno County is 42.4 percent, when both low and very low-income housing needs are considered (HCD, 2021). The determination is applicable through December 31, 2031; however, as the planning horizon this UWMP is through 2050, the same percentage has been assumed for all projection years.

To determine water demands for low -income housing, the water demands in Table 4-4 for single-family and multi-family units were multiplied by the percentage of low-income households specified in the City’s Housing Element (27.5%). Water demands associated with low-income residential water users through year 2050 are presented in Table 4-5.

Table 4-5. Low-Income Water Demands

LOW INCOME WATER DEMANDS

WATER USE (AF)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single and Multi-Family Residential 5,202 6,021 6,643 7,330 8,090 8,930 Total (AF) 5,202 6,021 6,643 7,330 8,090 8,930

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As shown in Table 4-6, lower income demand projections presented in Table 4-5 are included in the total water use projections provided in Table 4-4.

Table 4-6. Inclusion of Water Use in Projections (DWR Submittal Table 4-3)

SCENARIO RESPONSE
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Yes
If “Yes” to above, state the section or page number where citations of the codes, ordinances, etc. utilized in demand projections are found. Section 4.3 Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included in Projections? Yes

4.2.4.2.2 CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10630 - It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume of water supplied, while accounting for impacts from climate change.

CWC §10635(b) - Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment …(and) shall include each of the following …
(4) - Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

As climate change becomes more quantifiable and potentially affects the local water conditions, alterations in water supply planning may be necessary. Climate change elements such as drought, more rainfall and less snow in the watershed, or massive flooding could potentially affect supply reliability, therefore requiring the City to make modifications to their water supplies.

If necessary, reduction of the per capita demands in the system can help respond to climate change.

Reduced water demands equate to less energy use through reduced groundwater pumping and/or movement of water supplies through the system. Further reduction of per capita water demands, at this point of the City’s master planning efforts, may be challenging to achieve, as the City has implemented many conservation methodologies (discussed in further detail in Section 9); however, one strategy the City will continue to increase is the use of recycled water to use their water supplies more efficiently.

Additionally, the City will continue to evaluate methods to reduce landscape demands in response to climate change through ongoing enforcement of the City's water efficient landscape ordinance, continued encouragement of dedicated landscape flow meters, promotion of more efficient irrigation strategies, and optimization of recycled water use for new and existing landscape.

4.2.4.3 CHARACTERISTIC FIVE-YEAR WATER USE
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10635(b) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five -year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following… (3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period. [Emphasis added]
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

As part of the Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) prepared in Section 7, the following five -year water use between 2026 and 2030 can be utilized as a representative five-year normal period (Table 4-7).

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Table 4-7. Five-Year Projected Water Use
YEAR

PROJECTED

POTABLE WATER

USE (AF)

PROJECTED NON-

POTABLE WATER
USE (AF) [1]
TOTAL

PROJECTED

WATER USE (AF)
2026 26,182 7,793 33,975
2027 27,154 7,945 35,098
2028 28,125 8,096 36,221
2029 29,096 8,248 37,344
2030 30,067 8,400 38,467
Notes:
[1] Recycled water is not included in these volumes.

4.3 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER LOSS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(d)(3) –
(A) - The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance wi th rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34.
(B) - The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association. (C) - In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.

4.3.1 PREVIOUS FIVE YEARS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LOSSES
California Senate Bill No. 1420 (SB 1420) requires water utilities that submit UWMPs to conduct annual system water loss audits in accordance with American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards.

Agencies are required to submit their audits every five years as part of the UWMP.

AWWA quantifies water loss as the difference between the quantity of water supplied and the quantity of water delivered to authorized customers. Water loss is further defined under two categories: apparent losses and real losses. Apparent losses are due to unauthorized consumption, inaccurate metering, and systematic data handling errors. These losses can be considered non -physical losses associated with inaccurate recording. Real losses are the physical loss of water due to leaks within the distribution system.

Table 4-8 summarizes the findings of the City’s water loss audit for the last five years. The detailed water loss audit reports are available in Appendix B.

Table 4-8. Last Five Years of Water Loss Audit Reporting (DWR Submittal Table 4-5)

REPORTING PERIOD

START DATES

TOTAL VOLUME OF

WATER LOSS (AF)

PERCENT OF TOTAL
WATER SUPPLIED (%)

COMPLIES WITH
CWC §10608.34
January 2021 690 2.7% Yes
January 2022 1,022 3.9% Yes
January 2023 957 4.0% Yes
January 2024 882 3.5% Yes
January 2025 [1] 601 2.4% N/A
Notes:
[1] The 2025 City of Clovis Water Loss Audit has not been prepared as of the date of this report. Total loss volume shown is estimated using the total water supplied minus authorized consumption.

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Four: System Demands

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4.3.2 PROGRESS TOWARD MEETING THE WATER LOSS PERFORMANCE STANDARD

4.3.2.1 WATER SAVINGS ESTIMATE
Demands in Table 4-4 are based on the 2020 Water Use Target (199 gpcd) for all uses except single-family and multi-family to account for some level of water use reduction for appropriate planning consistent with SB 1157. The purpose of this reduction is to address the efficient indoor residential water use standards of 47 gpcd effective in January 2025 and 42 gpcd effective in January 2030. Additional water savings, such as mandated conservation measures, have not been included in the projections to allow the City to plan in a conservative manner.

Water savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans are also known as “passive savings”. These various factors generally decrease the water use for new and future customers, compared to historical customers. These codes and ordinances may include implementation of the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), the California Energy Commission Title 20 appliances standards for toilets, urinals, faucets, and showerheads, or the CALGreen Building Code.

As shown in Table 4-4, passive savings have not been specifically incorporated in projected water demands.

Instead, future water demands are projected based on population and the City’s target per capita water use, as documented in Section 5, and discussed above. However, the City does expect that passive savings, such as continued implementation of the City’s MWELO, Title 20 appliance standards for toilets, urinals, faucets, and showerheads, and CALGreen building Code requirements, will help the City continue to meet its target per capita water demand in the future.

City of Clovis August 2026
Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Five: SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance

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5 SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND COMPLIANCE
This section describes the baseline (base daily per capita) water use, the 2015 and 2020 water use targets, and the 2025 actual water use.

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP identify a baseline water demand, urban water use target, and interim urban water use target for the City.

Legal Requirements:

CWC § 10608.20
(e) An urban retail water supplier shall include in its urban water management plan. . . due in 2010 the baseline daily per c apita water use, urban water use target, interim urban water use target, and compliance daily per capita water use, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data.

The base daily per capita use was the first step in determining the City’s urban water use target. The historical per capita use set the “baseline” on which the urban water use target was determined. The City established an Interim 2015 water use target an d a subsequent 2020 urban water use target to judge compliance with the 2020 use reductions set forth in the Water Conservation Bill of 2009.

There are no statutory requirements that the City continue to meet the 2020 target in 2025 or in future years; however, the City has established an internal goal to track and meet this goal henceforth. The 2025 target discussed in this UWMP matches the same goal as that for 2020.

5.1 SB X7-7 FORMS AND SUMMARY TABLES
The City has previously calculated its baseline and targets in the 2010 and 2015 UWMPs and will use these previously calculated values to determine compliance with SB X7-7. The following subsections present the SB X7-7 Verification and Compliance forms, as discussed in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.

5.1.1 SB X7-7 VERIFICATION FORM
The 2015 UWMP included a complete SB X7 -7 Verification Form, which is provided for reference in Appendix C. The Form has not been prepared again for this 2025 UWMP, per the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.

5.1.2 SB X7-7 COMPLIANCE FORM
This 2025 UWMP includes a complete 2020 Compliance Form, as required, included in Appendix C. The Gross Water Use for the system includes groundwater wells, surface water supply, untreated water and recycled water that are used in place of potable sources. Untreated water or raw water used for groundwater recharge is not included in the Gross Water Use for purposes of calculating per capita water use for the City. If recharge were not conducted due to water supply availability, the per capita water demand would not change. It is considered a use separate from gross water use. The City’s 2020 Compliance Water Use Target was set in the 2015 UWMP at 199 gpcd. The City does not need to modify that target based on any reasons provided in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook and will use the target to document compliance with SB X7-7.

The City achieved a per capita water use of 169 gpcd in 2025, thereby meeting the target by 30 gpcd or approximately 15% additional water use reduction.

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Five: SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance

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5.1.3 DWR SUBMITTAL TABLES
In addition to reporting compliance on the SB X7 -7 Compliance Form, the City is also required to report compliance on the DWR Submittal Table 5-1, shown below.

Table 5-1. SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (DWR Submittal Table 5-1) ☐ Check the box if the supplier was not an urban water supplier during or before the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle.

Was Supplier part of a
merger or consolidation
since 2020?
Regional Alliance
Target or Individual
Target?
2020
Target
Actual 2020
GPCD
Did Supplier Achieve
Targeted Reduction for
2020?
No Individual Target 199 181 Yes

Figure 5-1 is a graphical representation of the City Per Capita Water Use since 2010, when the baselines and targets were initially required. This figure highlights the City’s success in consistently decreasing its Per Capita Water Use.

Figure 5-1. Historical Per Capita Water Use

5.2 BASELINE AND TARGET CALCULATIONS FOR 2020 UWMPS
The 2025 UWMP Guidebook indicated criteria to determine if the Supplier should or should not consider recalculation of its baselines and targets. Those criteria are discussed in the following subsection. As indicated below, the City does not meet a criteri on to recalculate its baselines and targets and meets the criterion to utilize those calculated in the 2015 UWMP.

Supplier Achieved 2020 Target in 2020
The City achieved the 2020 Target in 2020, and no further entry is required for DWR Submittal Table 5-1

140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Water Use (gpcd)
Year
2010 Baseline 2015 Interim Target Water Use (gpcd) 2020 Target

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Five: SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance

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5.3 URBAN WATER USE OBJECTIVE
Under California’s “Making Conservation a California Way of Life” framework, urban retail water suppliers (not individual customers) must meet an Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) that represents a customized, long-term water budget tailored to local conditions such as population, climate, and landscape area, with compliance beginning in 2027 and reporting starting earlier. Water Suppliers are not required to address these new regulations in the 2025 UWMPs, but a bri ef description is provided below. This regulation will need to be addressed in the 2030 UWMP. The State of California has stated that the new UWUO will likely require greater conservation than the per capita water use goals described above.

The UWUO is calculated as the sum of several required conservation components, including (1) indoor residential water use efficiency based on gallons -per-capita-per-day standards, (2) outdoor residential landscape conservation using climate -based irrigation and landscape efficiency factors, (3) commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) landscape irrigation efficiency —particularly for areas with dedicated irrigation meters, (4) reduction of real water loss through improved system management and leak control, and (5) supplier-level performance measures and adjustments, such as variances for unique land uses and incentives for potable recycled water. Table 5-2 shows the City’s UWUO for the 2025-2030 time period.

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Table 5-2. Urban Water Use Objective

URBAN WATER USE OBJECTIVE VOLUME (GALLONS

PER YEAR)
VOLUME
(AFY)
Residential Indoor Budget (no provisions or variances) 2,423,931,510 7,439 Residential Indoor Variances and Provisions 0 0
Residential Outdoor Budget (no provisions or variances) 3,083,286,384 9,462 Residential Outdoor Variances and Provisions 0 0
CII Landscapes with DIMs Budget (no provisions or variances) 1,240,389,000 3,807 CII Landscapes with DIMs Variances and Provisions 0 0
Real Water Loss Budget 42,419,655 130
Bonus Incentive for Potable Recycled Water 0 0
Sum of objective components, without inclusion of INI area 6,790,026,548 20,838 Total Potable Residential Water Use 6,286,888,000 19,294 Total Non-Potable Residential Water Use 0 0
Total Potable Deliveries to CII Landscapes with DIMs 954,225,000 2,928 Total Non-Potable Deliveries to CII Landscapes with DIMs 286,164,000 878 Annual Aggregate Real Water Loss 42,419,655 130
Sum total actual water use 7,569,696,655 23,231
Residential Outdoor Budget associated with 20% INI 178,208,228 547 INI Included in objective? Yes
Objective, before being capped by SB X7-7 6,968,234,776 21,385 Excluded demands 904,077,000 2,775
Objective-based total use 7,872,311,776 24,159
SB X7-7 Annual Volume 9,451,992,550 29,007
Process water excluded from the target 0 0
Recycled water excluded from the target 0 0
Target-based total use 9,451,992,550 29,007
Is target-based total use more efficient than objective-based total use? No
"Capped" Urban Water Use Objective 6,968,234,776 21,385 Regional Alliance Name, if Applicable Not Applicable
Regional Target Met Not Applicable
Final Urban Water Use Objective 6,968,234,776 21,385
Abbreviations used in this table not previously defined include:

DIMs – Dedicated Irrigation Meters
INI – Irrigable Not Irrigated

City of Clovis August 2026
Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Six: System Supplies

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6 SYSTEM SUPPLIES
The UWMPA requires that the UWMP include a description of the agency’s existing and future water supply sources for the next 25 years. The description of water supplies must include detailed information on the groundwater basin, such as water rights, deter mination of whether the basin is in overdraft, adjudication decree, and other information from the groundwater management plan.

6.1 WATER SUPPLY ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier [in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available] providing supporting and related information, including all of th e following:
(1) A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.
(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies.
(3) For any planned sources of water supply, a description of the measures that are being undertaken to acquire and develop those water supplies.

The City utilizes multiple sources of water supply to meet the demands discussed in Section 4, including groundwater, treated surface water, untreated surface water, and recycled water. The following sections quantify each supply, including future planned supplies over five -year increments through 2050. These sources will be quantified for the normal year, single-dry year, and five-year period of multiple dry years in Section 7.

The City’s groundwater supplies stem from the unadjudicated basin underlying the area, the Kings Subbasin, as described in DWR’s Bulletin 118 (Department of Water Resources, 2025) . While the basin is not adjudicated and does not have legal limitations on groundwater pumping, the City is a member of the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency (NKGSA) and a party to the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Plan (NKGSP). The N KGSA is working cooperatively with the six (6) other Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) in the Kings Subbasin to manage the groundwater aquifer and reach sustainability by 2040. As part of those efforts, the agencies have agreed to manage groundwater extraction in a way that does not cause undesirable results in the aquifer. The City is working towards reducing its groundwater reliance and will be using a sustainable groundwater pumping quantity for future supplies planning, with the balance of City water demands being met through surface or recycled water supplies.

Presently, the sustainable groundwater supply value is from the City’s Water Master Plan; however, the NKGSP is working towards identifying an updated value for the member agencies that w ill impact the groundwater supply value used in this UWMP. It is considered likely that the value will increase.

The City’s surface water supply is provided through multiple agreements with Fresno Irrigation District (FID), which allows the City to receive surface water supplies through a share of FID’s entitlement to the Kings River, ground water banking projects, and a firm water supply. The agreements are detailed in Section

6.2.3. Two additional water districts are located within the City’s General Plan Boundaries: Garfield Water District (GWD) and International Water District (IWD). Both have access to Class I CVP surface water supplies. As the districts urbanize, supplies associ ated with these areas are expected to be added to the City’s supply. The City uses its surface water supplies in two primary ways: (1) as potable water supply after being treated at the City’s Surface Water Treatment Plant (SWTP) or (2) as groundwater recharge in various basins located in and around the City’s service area.

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The final component of the City’s water supply portfolio is recycled water. The City operates a Sewage Treatment Water Reuse Facility, treating a portion of the wastewater generated within the service area to a tertiary treatment level. Once treated, the recycled water is used in one of two ways: (1) landscape irrigation throughout the City’s service area or (2) agricultural irrigation. As the recycled water system is expanded, based on the RWMP, the City can expand the users of those supplies to reduce non -potable demands on the potable water supply.

The City of Clovis is also in discussion with the City of Fresno on recovery of recycled water through the groundwater reclamation wells located at the Fresno-Clovis Regional Water Reclamation Facility. The City of Fresno currently has an exchange agreement with the Fresno Irrigation District to exchange extracted recycled water for surface water deliveries. The City of Clovis anticipates enacting a similar agreement or becoming a participating party in the City of Fresno’s existing agreement and/or pilot program.

6.2 WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION
The following subsections provide water supply availability quantification and narrative required under the CWC.

6.2.1 PURCHASED OR IMPORTED WATER
The City does not currently purchase or import water from outside entities.

6.2.2 GROUNDWATER
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information:
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part

2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater. For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree .

For a basin that has not been adjudicated, information as to whether the department has identified the basin as a high- or medium- priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to coordinate with groundwater sustainabil ity agencies or groundwater management agencies listed in subdivision (c) of Section 10723 to maintain or achieve sustainable groundwater conditions in accordance with a groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720).
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
(D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.

6.2.2.1 BASIN DESCRIPTION
For planning purposes, DWR has subdivided the State of California into ten separate hydrologic regions, corresponding to the State’s major drainage basins. Furthermore, groundwater within the State is divided into distinct groundwater basins; some of which are further divided into smaller interconnected subbasins.

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The groundwater underlying the City is the Kings Subbasin, a non -adjudicated, high-priority basin, which lies within the Tulare Lake Hydrologic Basin ( Figure 6-1). This Basin contains multiple interconnected subbasins that transmit, filter, and store water. These subbasins are Kaweah and Tulare Lake to the South, Westside and Delta Mendota to the west, and Madera to the North.

According to the Department of Water Resources Bulletin 118, the Kings Subbasin (Subbasin 5 -22.08) covers a surface area of approximately 981,135 acres (1,533 square miles). DWR estimated that, in 1961, total basin storage was about 93,000,000 AF to a depth of more than 1,000 feet (Department of Water Resources, 2025). The two major rivers overlying the subbasin are the San Joaquin River and the Kings River.

The Fresno Slough and James Bypass are along the western edge of the southern basin and connect the Kings River to the San Joaquin River.

According to DWR, the groundwater in the subbasin is predominantly of a bicarbonate type. Total dissolved solids (TDS) values are generally under 600 mg/L. The subbasin does have localized water quality impairments, including Dibromochloropropane (DBCP), N itrate, Ethylene -Dibromide, 1,2,3 - Trichloropropane (TCP), Methyl Tert -butyl Ether (MTBE), uranium, arsenic, hexavalent chromium, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and petroleum hydrocarbons. High concentrations of fluoride, boron, and sodium can be found in localized areas of the subbasin.

6.2.2.2 GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
The NKGSA prepared and submitted a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) in January 2020 . The 2020 GSP required revisions based on DWR comments. The 2020 GSP was revised and subsequently approved by DWR in 2023. The GSP was updated and submitted in January 2025 and is still being reviewed by DWR.

The GSP will be updated as needed based on feedback from DWR or changes in the sustainable management criteria . Every five years, NKGSA submits a periodic evaluation to DWR to demonstrate progress toward achieving groundwater sustainability in accordance with the GSP. The NKGSA’s GSP was prepared in response to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014 (SGMA), which is codified in California Water Code Section 10720 et seq. The legislation created a statutory framework for groundwater management in California t hat can be sustained during the planning and implementation horizon without causing undesirable results. SGMA requires governments and water agencies of critically overdrafted basins to reach sustainability by 2040.

SGMA identifies six (6) sustainability indicators to be monitored and reported in order to document sustainability: lowering groundwater levels, reduced groundwater storage, seawater intrusion, degraded [groundwater] quality, land subsidence, and surface w ater depletion. The NKGSA documents five (5) of those with seawater intrusion not being applicable to this region.

6.2.2.3 MULTIPLE GROUNDWATER BASINS
The City only utilizes groundwater supply from the Kings Subbasin; this section does not apply.

6.2.2.4 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
The City has documented, in its Water Master Plan (WMP), a sustainable amount of groundwater that can be extracted from year to year and replenished through naturally occurring groundwater recharge. The City will continue increasing its surface water and r ecycled water supply usage to a point where the groundwater extraction is not greater than the sustainable yield in a normal year. The sustainable yield is currently estimated at 9,400 acre-feet per year (AFY) for the SOI (discussed in greater detail in th e WMP, Table 6.11-1), without additional intentional recharge. This estimate will likely be modified and refined through SGMA efforts by the Kings Subbasin to determine the sustainable yield for the basin and each GSA in the Kings Subbasin through the adoption of the Kings Subbasin Groundwater Allocation Framework. The sustainable yield for the NKGSA is agreed to be 445,800 AFY (NKGSA, 2026), and the NKGSA is in the process

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of determining the sustainable yield for each entity in the NKGSA boundary, including the City. These efforts are expected to be completed in 2026.

CUDDY RANCH AREA

MIL POTRERO AREA

CITY OF CLOVIS
CrescentBypassWESTSIDE
KINGS

DELTA-MENDOTA

TULARE LAKE
KAWEAH

PLEASANT VALLEY

KERN COUNTY

KETTLEMAN PLAIN
TULE

CASTAC LAKE VALLEY

WALKER BASIN

CREEK VALLEY

TEHACHAPI VALLEY WEST

CUDDY CANYON VALLEY

KERN RIVER
VALLEY

BRITE VALLEY

CUMMINGS
VALLEY
CUDDY
VALLEY

PANOCHE
VALLEY

VALLECITOS

CREEK VALLEY
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
0 10 20
Miles
Legend
Clovis City Limits
Water Features
Groundwater Basins
San Joaquin Valley (5-22)
Delta-Mendota (5-22-07)
Kaweah (5-22-11)
Kern County (5-22-14)
Kettleman Plain (5-22-17)
Kings (5-22-08)
Pleasant Valley (5-22-10)
Tulare Lake (5-22-12)
Tule (5-22-13)
Westside (5-22-09)
Other
Brite Valley (5-80)
Castac Lake Valley (5-29)
Cuddy Canyon Valley (5-82)
Cuddy Ranch Area (5-83)
Cuddy Valley (5-84)
Cummings Valley (5-27)
Kern River Valley (5-25)
Mil Potrero Area (5-85)
Panoche Valley (5-23)
Tehachapi Valley West (5-28)
Walker Basin Creek Valley (5-26)
City of Clovis 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
o
Figure 6-1: Groundwater Basins and Subbasins
Prepared By6/18/2026 \\EgnyteDrive\Clients\Clovis_City Utilities - 1717\171726002 - 2025 UWMP Update\400 GIS\Map\Clovis_UWMP_Update\Clovis_UWMP_Update_2026_0507.aprx

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6.2.2.5 HISTORICAL GROUNDWATER PUMPING
The water system was initially constructed near the turn of the 20th century, when the first municipal well was installed, and, up until July 2004, the City’s sole source of drinking water was groundwater. The City currently obtains groundwater from thirty-two wells, which have a capacity of 33,290 gallons per minute (gpm). There are six planned wells, adding an additional capacity of 3,550 gpm, bringing the anticipated total well capacity to 36,840 gpm. The City can additionally use its five standby wells, with a total capacity of 4,380 gpm, on a limited basis. If the standby wells are used and the planned wells constructed, the City has a total well capacity of 41,220 gpm. Three (3) more of the City’s existing wells are inactive due to being dry. Table 6-1 lists the City’s well inventory and includes the capacity of each well.

In 2025, groundwater provided approximately sixty-seven (67) percent of the total potable water use. The historical volume of groundwater pumped by the City over the past five years is provided in Table 6-2 . The groundwater extraction increased since 2020 but has remained relatively consistent over the past five years.

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Table 6-1. Water Supply Wells
WELL # CURRENT
STATUS

CAPACITY (GPM)
NOTES

ACTIVE STANDBY PLANNED
2A Active 1,150 - -

3 Inactive - - - Well is dry
4A Active 1,220 - -

5A Active 1,450 - -

7A Active 1,870 - -

8A Active 1,530 - -

10 Standby - 710 - TCP-impacted water quality
11 Inactive - - - Well is dry
11A Future - - 800 Pending treatment infrastructure
12 Active 1,090 - -

14 Active 1,250 - -

15A Active 1,280 - -

16 Active 420 - -

17 Active 900 - -

18 Active 710 - - Offline due to lead-impacted water quality 20 Standby - 400 - Fe/Mn-impacted water quality
21 Active 900 - -

22 Active 860 - -

23 Active 510 - -

24 Active 680 - -

25 Active 800 - -

26 Active 1,580 - -

27 Active 1,170 - -

28 Active 1,480 - -

29 Active 910 - -

30 Active 820 - -

31 Active 540 - - Offline due to Fe/Mn-impacted water quality 32 Standby - 1,420 - PFAS-impacted water quality
33 Active 530 - -

34 Active 950 - -

35 Future - - 750 Pending well equipping
36 Inactive - - - Nitrate-impacted water quality
37 Active 930 - -

38 Active 1,580 - -

40 Standby - 1,200 - Fe/Mn and entrained air-impacted water quality 41 Active 1,430 - -

42 Active 1,870 - -

43 Active 1,530 - - Currently Offline
44 Future - - 500 Planned in WMP
45 Future - - 500 Planned in WMP
46 Future - - 500 Planned in WMP
47 Future - - 500 Planned in WMP
T-5 Standby - 650 - PFAS-impacted water quality
T-1 Inactive - - - Well is dry
T-3 Inactive - - - Well is dry
T-6 Active 530 - -

T-7 Active 560 - -
T-8 Active 260 - -
Totals 33,290 4,380 3,550

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Table 6-2. Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Submittal Table 6-1)

GROUNDWATER
TYPE BASIN NAME 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Alluvial Basin Kings Subbasin 5-22.08 15,677 15,235 12,749 17,635 16,972 Total 15,677 15,235 12,749 17,635 16,972
Units: AF

Recharging the underground aquifer is a very important aspect in the use of groundwater for supply and is one of the means to address basin overdraft. The amount of groundwater recharge varies annually and is highly dependent on precipitation, especially i n watersheds to the Kings River. In drought conditions, the City’s ability to recharge groundwater is reduced due to decreased surface water supplies. In 2025, recharge was 7,641 AF, while the City’s 30 -year average groundwater recharge quantity is approximately 8,391 AFY. Over the past five years , the depth of groundwater has risen from a historic low of 15 5 feet in 2016 to 133.5 feet in 2025. Recharge efforts began in 1974, and in 2004, the City began utilizing surface water with the goal of reducing groundwater extraction. Recharge efforts by the City, in conjunction with recharge efforts of other groundwater users, have slowed and reversed the decline of groundwater levels.

A component of recharge for cities is often treated effluent from a wastewater facility; as discussed later, the City sends much of its generated wastewater to the Fresno -Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF), which is approximately fourteen miles southwest of the City’s center. Due to the direction of the groundwater gradient also being southwesterly from the City’s center, this displaced recharge does not benefit the aquifer directly beneath the City from which it extracts groundwater; however, it does benefit the Kings Subbasin from which the City utilizes groundwater. Figure 6 -2 illustrates the historic average depth to groundwater for the City, and Table 6-3 summarizes the average depth to groundwater, intentional recharge efforts by the City, and the average annual rainfall from 1951 through 2025.

In 2025, the City constructed four gravity injection wells at the Marion Basin Facility, located near Marion and Nees Avenues. While the increase in annual recharge has not yet been estimated, the City plans to use this facility to increase intentional groundwater recharge using available surface water supplies.

Figure 6-2. Historic Depth to Groundwater

-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Depth to Groundwater (feet)
Year

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Table 6-3. Historic Depth to Water, Recharge, and Rainfall

YEAR DEPTH TO WATER (FT) TOTAL INTENTIONAL
RECHARGE (AF) RAINFALL (INCHES) [1]
1990 91.80 5,500 8.73
1991 92.00 7,369 10.49
1992 90.00 8,395 14.08
1993 95.00 9,224 13.77
1994 103.00 6,403 10.12
1995 102.00 8,751 17.29
1996 111.97 11,024 16.99
1997 111.58 8,591 7.69
1998 110.04 10,250 17.68
1999 110.50 9,076 6.17
2000 117.23 8,365 15.24
2001 122.12 9,141 12.05
2002 119.40 7,901 6.75
2003 124.97 6,661 9.14
2004 133.39 9,204 10.63
2005 133.35 10,760 11.68
2006 131.35 9,718 13.96
2007 133.24 6,257 7.03
2008 137.87 9,157 8.46
2009 136.83 8,225 9.08
2010 144.14 8,400 16.53
2011 139.51 8,356 10.92
2012 142.46 9,876 9.97
2013 141.99 8,262 3.01
2014 146.14 3,261 7.47
2015 144.42 1,788 8.99
2016 154.62 1,788 13.68
2017 148.52 9,925 13.21
2018 144.43 13,590 8.65
2019 139.40 8,858 12.41
2020 141.38 4,855 7.58
2021 153.06 1,549 12.79
2022 150.19 6,857 7.96
2023 145.07 12,039 15.71
2024 147.34 9,770 13.75
2025 140.03 7,641 14.2
Notes:

Precipitation data (CIMIS 2026); Fresno State - San Joaquin Valley Station 80 - Jan 2020-Dec 2025 and 2020 UWMP for 1990-2019

6.2.3 SURFACE WATER
The City’s surface water supply is provided through multiple agreements with FID, which allows the City to receive surface water supplies through a share of FID’s entitlement to the Kings River, ground water banking projects, and a firm water supply. These supplies are discussed in detail in the subsequent subsections .

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Surface water is treated at the City’s Surface Water Treatment Plant (SWTP) and distributed to the City’s users via the distribution system. The existing SWTP has a capacity of 22.5 million gallons per day (MGD), which limits the amount of surface water the City can use to directly meet drinking water demands. The City will pursue expanding the surface water treatment capacity for the City (either through expansion or an additional SWTP) to continue to expand its use of surface water as a main water supply source.

Two additional water districts are located within the City’s General Plan Boundaries: GWD and IWD. As the districts urbanize, supply within these areas is expected to be added to the City’s supply. Each water supply agreement is summarized below.

6.2.3.1 FRESNO IRRIGATION DISTRICT

6.2.3.1.1 KINGS RIVER
FID obtains much of its surface water from the Kings River. As a member of the Kings River Water Association, FID holds water rights and licenses for all the Kings River and Storage rights licenses on Kings River reservoirs. FID is entitled to water based upon a prorated monthly schedule determined by the natural flow of the Kings River as it would occur without reservoir storage above the historic Piedra gauging station.

FID is entitled to water from the Kings River at all flows, but the percentage is higher at relatively low Kings River flows. If the snowmelt is slow, FID receives a greater entitlement. FID’s average gross annual entitlement is 452,541 AF. Within the last fifty years, the smallest entitlement received was 158,109 AF, which occurred in 2015. Figure 6-3 shows FID’s entitlement to the Kings River from 1965 to 2025.

The City’s allocation from the Kings River is proportional to the total acreage of the City’s included area to the total FID area receiving water. The maximum percentage of FID's entitlement of Kings River water available to the City per the existing conveyance agreement is 7.12 percent. Over time, the City has received, on average approximately 17,000 AFY, though this has varied from 9,452 AF in the severe drought of 2015 to nearly 25,000 AF in 2017.

Figure 6-3. FID Historic Kings River Entitlement

6.2.3.1.2 FIRM WATER SUPPLY
In 2019, the City executed an agreement with FID for the development of a new, "firm", surface water supply. This agreement commenced by providing 1,000 AF in annual supply in 2020, increasing by 300 0 100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025
Entitlement (AF)
Year

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AF in annual supply each year from 2021 to 2030, and increasing by 200 AF in annual supply each year from 2031 to 2045 until reaching a total indefinite annual supply of 7,000 AF. The firm water supply is not affected by FID's Kings River entitlement and is available through all water years. The City's firm water supply as of 2025 is 2,500 AF.

6.2.3.1.3 CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT WATER ALLOCATION: FRIANT DIVISION The water obtained from the CVP comes from the diversion and storage of water from the San Joaquin River behind Friant Dam. The total available water on the San Joaquin River has been estimated at 2,200,000 AF (Bureau of Reclamation, 2014). Of that, 800,000 AF have been designated as Class I supply (Bureau of Reclamation, 2005). Class I supply is considered to be dependable in most years, with shortages only in very dry years. Class II water is in excess of Class I and is therefore much less dependable. FID has a contract with the United States Bureau of Reclamation for 75,000 A F of Class II water from this source (Bureau of Reclamation, 2005). FID’s Class II contract has received an average of 13,577 AFY with the actual number ranging from zero to the full 75,000 AF, depending upon the nature of each water year over that period. Table 6-4 lists the surface water volume received in 2025 and the projected allocation from Class I and Class II.

6.2.3.2 GARFIELD WATER DISTRICT
GWD is located north of the City with a portion of GWD in the City’s SOI. The GWD holds a Class I CVP contract for 3,500 AFY. With half of GWD within the City’s SOI, an estimated 1,750 AFY is expected to be added to the City’s supply upon development.

6.2.3.3 INTERNATIONAL WATER DISTRICT
IWD is located east of the City’s SOI within the general plan’s boundary. The IWD holds a Class I CVP contract for 1,200 AFY. The City’s General Plan designates a portion of IWD’s area as industrial and residential use.

At build-out it is estimated that the entire 1,200 AFY supply will be added to the City’s Supply.

Table 6-4 shows the actual volume of surface water available to the City in 2025 and the projected volume the City anticipates for 2030 through 2050. Future projections are based on the normal entitlement.

Table 6-4. Actual and Projected Surface Water Supply
SUPPLY SOURCE 2025 (AF) 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF) Kings River [1] 23,800 29,900 30,600 31,300 31,900 32,100 FID Agreement [2] 2,500 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 7,000
CVP Class II 0 0 0 1,300 1,300 1,300
GWD Class I 0 100 300 1,000 1,500 1,750
IWD Class I 0 0 0 1,000 1,200 1,200
Total (AF) 26,300 34,000 35,900 40,600 42,900 43,350
Notes:
[1] Kings River supplies include firm supplies, in appropriate increasing amounts, from 2019 Agreement between City and FID in addition to the City's original SW Supply agreement with FID. The City's allotment is capped at 7.12% of FID area, which equates to 32,100 AF.
[2] Per the 2019 FID Agreement, up to 2500 AF in 2025 and up to 7000 AF in 2045, Firm Supply

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6.2.4 STORMWATER
Stormwater throughout the City is collected in Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District’s (FMFCD) basins.

Unless the storm season is particularly wet, the collected stormwater is allowed to percolate into the soil as groundwater recharge. Additionally, the FMFCD allows the City to utilize seventeen stormwater basins throughout the City’s Service Area for recharge purposes. Use of FMFCD storm drain system and basins shall comply with FMFCD Ordinance 96-1, and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit and Waste Discharge Requirements General Permit for Discharges from Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (Order No. R5-2016-0040, NPDES Permit No. CAS0085324), under which the City of Clovis is a Co- Permittee with FMFCD, City of Fresno, County of Fresno, and California State University, Fresno.

The City of Clovis also shares in water rights to Fresno County Stream Group runoff in the Big Dry Creek.

Though not quantified explicitly each year, this water is available to the City for use by their constituents up to the point the water exits the City’s westerly boundary through Big Dry Creek. Clovis has the right to use, store, divert or recharge the water as it is collected or diverted with the Clovis Service Area.

6.2.5 WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633R The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area, and shall include all of the following:
(a) A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal. (b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is othe rwise available for use in a recycled water project.
(c) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, t he type, place, and quantity of use.
(d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irr igation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reu se, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a descr iption of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision. (f) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year. (g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP address the opportunities for development of recycled water, including the description of existing recycled water applications, quantities of wastewater currently being treated to recycled water standards, limitations on the use of available recycled water, an estimate of projected recycled water use, the feasibility of said projected uses, and practices to encourage the use of recycled water.

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6.2.5.1 RECYCLED WATER COORDINATION
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633 The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area…

A large portion of the City of Clovis' wastewater is treated at the RWRF, located southwest of the City of Fresno. It is approximately 16 miles by trunk sewer to the City of Clovis. Currently, the water is treated to the secondary level, and then some is spread in percolation ponds, and some is used directly on non-food crops. The RWRF can utilize wells on the treatment plant property to pump water to reduce groundwater mounding under the RWRF. The pumped water can then be put into Dry Creek and the Houghton Canal for use by farmers downstream. FID in exchange can provide the City of Fresno with approximately one additional acre-foot of surface water for each two AF of water pumped and put into the canals, which is designated to be used as recharge on the east side of FID. The City of Fresno is in the process of constructing a recycled water distribution system infrastructure to convey recycled water from the RWRF to customers within the City of Fresno. Because Clovis maintains equitable ownership and contributes a percentage of the flow to the RWRF and pays a percentage share of maintenance, operations, and capital improvement costs, Clovis is also entitled to a proportionate share of any exchanged water and will be meeting with the City of Fresno and FID to discuss how to obtain said water.

The City also reports its recycled water use as part of its overall water supply portfolio, reporting to the NKGSA for inclusion in its annual report to DWR.

6.2.5.2 WASTEWATER COLLECTION, TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633(a) A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.

6.2.5.2.1 WASTEWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM
The City’s wastewater collection system is divided into seven major service areas. These seven major wastewater service areas also represent the City’s entire water service area. Under existing conditions, the Herndon, Fowler, Sierra, and Peach service are as discharge into the City’s regional trunks, which convey flows to the RWRF. Flow from the remaining three service areas (Northwest, Northeast, and Southeast) are conveyed to the Clovis Sewage Treatment Water Reuse Facility (STWRF).

According to the 2017 Wastewater Collection System Master Plan, the City currently generates an Average Daily Flow of 7.0 2 MGD (7,861 AFY). As shown in Table 6-5 in 2025, approximately 6.3 MGD (7,052 AFY) was conveyed to the RWRF, while 2 mgd (2,242 AFY) was treated at the STWRF; a total average daily flow of 8.3 MGD (9,294 AFY

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Table 6-5. Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (DWR Submittal Table 6-2)

NAME OF

WASTEWATER

COLLECTION
AGENCY

WASTEWATER
VOLUME

METERED OR
ESTIMATED?

VOLUME OF

WASTEWATER

COLLECTED FROM

UWMP SERVICE
AREA 2025 (AF)

NAME OF

WASTEWATER

TREATMENT PLANT
(WWTP) AND PLACE

ID NUMBER

IS WWTP

LOCATED

WITHIN UWMP
AREA?
City of Clovis Metered 2,242 City of Clovis Water
Reuse Facility Yes
City of Clovis Metered 7,052
Fresno-Clovis Regional
Wastewater
Reclamation Facility
No
Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025: 9,294

6.2.5.2.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
By agreement with the City of Fresno, the City of Clovis conveys much of its wastewater to the RWRF and is entitled to a maximum capacity of 9.3 MGD. The RWRF is operated by the City of Fresno and currently has a maximum capacity of 80 MGD. If required, th e City has the right to acquire additional ownership capacity at the RWRF.

The City’s STWRF began service in 2009. The STWRF produces a disinfected tertiary treated water supply.

The plant serves the new growth areas of the City in the Southeast, Northwest, and Northeast Urban Centers. The STWRF is located on Ashlan Avenue, approximately 600 feet west of McCall Avenue. The facility utilizes wastewater flows that were previously being treated at the RWRF for a total average daily flow of 2.8 million gallons per day (3,136 AFY). The STWRF is designed to accommodate future expansion and will ultimately treat 8.4 MGD (9,400 AFY).

As shown in Table 6-5 2,242 AF of wastewater was treated at the STWRF, and 7,052 AF was treated at the RWRF. One hundred percent of the service area is covered by the wastewater collection system , and all population served by the water system is also served by the wastewater collection system. Of the 2,242 AF treated at the STWRF, 882 AF were used within the service area, while the remainder were discharged, as shown in Table 6-6

The City is also permitted to discharge north into the diversion channel to Little Dry Creek.

6.2.5.3 RECYCLED WATER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633
(c) (Describe) the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use.

The City updated its Recycled Water Master Plan in 2017. The goals of the update are to identify and summarize existing and potential future recycled water demands; identify constraints associated with certain recycled water users, evaluate existing recycled water infrastructure, and identify potential capacity for deliveries.

As shown in Table 6-7 772 AF of recycled water was used in 2025 to irrigate landscape, while 110 AF was used for agricultural irrigation. Current areas receiving recycled water include Freeway 168 between

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Shepherd Avenue and Sierra Avenue, Clovis Community Medical Center, and multiple City parks and landscape areas. Table 6-4 shows the location of existing and potential recycled water users.

Table 6-6. Wastewater Treatment and Discharge (DWR Submittal Table 6-3) WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT NAME AND PLACE ID Clovis Water Reuse Facility, Place ID 214899

DOES THIS PLANT TREAT WASTEWATER GENERATED OUTSIDE THE UWMP SERVICE AREA No
2025 VOLUME OF WASTEWATER RECEIVED FROM UWMP SERVICE AREA (AF) 2,242 TOTAL 2025 VOLUME OF WATER TREATED (AF) 2,242
2025

OUTCOMES OF

TREATED

WASTEWATER
Water Recycled Within UWMP
Service Area
Treatment Level Tertiary
Volume (AF) 882
Water Recycled Outside Of
UWMP Service Area
Treatment Level N/A
Volume (AF) 0
Effluent Discharge That Is Not
Permitted Recycled Water Use
Treatment Level Tertiary
Volume (AF) 1,360
Required Discharge For
Instream Flow
Treatment Level N/A
Volume (AF) N/A
Delivered To Another Entity For
Additional Treatment
Treatment Level N/A
Volume (AF) 0
Name of Other Entity N/A

Copper
International
Behymer
Perrin
Shepherd
Teague
Nees
Alluvial
Herndon
Sierra
Bullard
Barstow
Shaw
Gettysburg
Ashlan
Dakota
Willow
Peach
Minnewawa
Clovis
Sunnyside
Fowler
Armstrong
Temperance
Locan
De Wolf
Leonard
Highland
Thompson
Mc Call
Del Rey
Bethel
Academy
Pup Creek
Dog Creek
Big Dry Creek
Basin
Enterprise
Friant - Kern
Enterprise
Gould Canal
Canal
Canal
Canal
Big
Dry
Creek
Big DryCreek Spill
International
W.D.

McFarland
Garfield
W.D.
30''
0 0.5 1
Miles
Legend
Creeks and Canals
Water Reuse Facility
International W.D.

Garfield W.D.

California State University Fresno
City Limits
City of Clovis SOI
McFarland
Recycled Water Pipeline
2-IN
3-IN
4-IN
5-IN
6-IN
8-IN
10-IN
12-IN
14-IN
16-IN
18-IN
20-IN
24-IN
30-IN
36-IN
42-IN
City of Clovis 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
o
Figure 6-4: Recycled Water Use Areas
Prepared By6/18/2026 \\EgnyteDrive\Clients\Clovis_City Utilities - 1717\171726002 - 2025 UWMP Update\400 GIS\Map\Clovis_UWMP_Update\Clovis_UWMP_Update_2026_0507.aprx

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6.2.5.4 CURRENT, POTENTIAL, AND PROJECTED WATER USES
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633
(b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is othe rwise available for use in a recycled water project.
(d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irr igation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reu se, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a descr iption of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.

Landscape irrigation will continue to be the main use of recycled water in the future for the City. All public landscape areas within three-quarters of a mile of the distribution system are considered potential recycled water use areas. Clovis Unified School District is evaluating the use of recycled water for its landscape areas.

Caltrans has expanded its use of recycled water along Freeway 168 from Armstrong Avenue west to Sierra Avenue. This increase in volume and expansion of uses is expected to increase due to proactive actions taken by the City, which are described in a subsequent section. The City is very interested in exploring the use of recycled water for groundwater recharge. The water could be provided to the recharge facility during periods when no raw water supplies are available or to supplement raw water supplies.

The projected recycled water uses in Table 6-7 are primarily landscape areas within the new growth areas of the City and recharge applications.

6.2.5.4.1 POTENTIAL RECYCLED WATER USE
The recycled water produced by the tertiary treatment plant could be used for agricultural purposes if other users are not ready to accept the water. The City currently has a farmer adjacent to the STWRF that takes surplus recycled water to irrigate agricultural crops. The crops irrigated include almonds, citrus, and alfalfa. Farmers in the IWD area are also interested in utilizing the water to irrigate crops, which are mainly citrus. Currently, this area is not in the City’s service area. Excess recycled w ater supplies are currently discharged to Fancher Creek and conveyed through irrigation canals to agricultural lands southwest of Clovis or to the north into the diversion channel to Little Dry Creek.

There are currently no wildlife habitat areas or wetlands within the Clovis service area. Potentially, the water discharged to FID could be used for wetlands or wildlife habitat enhancement areas.

The water could also potentially be used by future industrial customers within the new growth areas of the City; however, it will depend on their needs and their proximity to the recycled water transmission and distribution lines. At this point, none have been specifically identified. Table 6-7 shows the current and projected recycled water, and direct beneficial users.

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Table 6-7. Current and Projected Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses (DWR Submittal Table 6-4) USE TYPE 2025
(AF)
2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050
(AF)

POTENTIAL

RECYCLED WATER

USE VOLUME (AF)
Agricultural Use 110 75 25 0 0 0 0
Landscape Irrigation
(excludes golf courses) 772 2,055 3,075 4,359 5,642 7,188 0 Groundwater
Recharge 0 970 0 1,941 658 2,212 0
Total (AF) 882 3,100 3,100 6,300 6,300 9,400 0

6.2.5.4.2 PLANNED VERSUS ACTUAL USE
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633
(e) (Provide) a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.

According to the 2020 UWMP, the City was projected to use 150 AF for agricultural irrigation, 1,400 AF for groundwater recharge, and 1,550 AF of recycled water for landscape irrigation. As shown in Table 6-8, the total 2020 projected water use for the year 202 5 was 3,100 AF, and the actual amount of recycled water used in 2025 was 882 AF.

Table 6-8. 2020 Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual (DWR Submittal Table 6-5) USE TYPE 2020 PROJECTION
FOR 2025 (AF)
ACTUAL 2025

USE (AF)
Agricultural Use 150 110
Landscape Irrigation
(excludes golf courses) 1,550 772
Groundwater Recharge 1,400 0
Total (AF) 3,100 882

6.2.5.5 ACTIONS TO ENCOURAGE AND OPTIMIZE FUTURE RECYCLED WATER USE Legal Requirements:

CWC §10633 The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier…and shall include the following:
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.

The City now requires all new development of public landscape near recycled water transmission lines to use recycled water. Additional actions include extending the recycled water distribution system to discharge at groundwater recharge facilities and lowering the cost of recycled water. Table 6-9 summarizes the City’s methods to expand future recycled water use.

The City updated the Recycled Water Master Plan in 2017, which includes options to maximize the use of recycled water. The Master Plan update helps the City identify required infrastructure, estimate recycled

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water demands, site recycled water use areas, and develop capital improvement plans. It also identifies the requirements to utilize recycled water for groundwater recharge.

Table 6-9. Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Submittal Table 6-6)

NAME OF ACTION DESCRIPTION

PLANNED

IMPLEMENTATION
YEAR

EXPECTED INCREASE

IN RECYCLED WATER

USE (AF)
Facilitate use for
groundwater recharge
Extend distribution system
to utilize water for recharge
during low-demand periods
2030 1,000
Expand use of recycled
water
Expand use of recycled
water to potential users
within 3/4-mile buffer of
existing recycled mains
2030 1,531
Total (AF) 2,531

6.2.6 DESALINATION WATER OPPORTUNITIES
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631 (g) Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP address the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater.

Currently, the City does not have any feasible or economic opportunities for desalination. The groundwater that underlies the City is not brackish in nature, and the City is not located in a coastal area. Therefore, the need for desalination is not required.

6.2.7 EXCHANGES OR TRANSFERS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP address the opportunities for transfers or exchanges.

6.2.7.1 EXCHANGES

6.2.7.1.1 FRESNO-CLOVIS REGIONAL WASTEWATER RECLAMATION FACILITY The City of Fresno has historically operated under an exchange agreement with FID which allowed the City of Fresno to receive additional surface water in exchange for percolated effluent pumped from the Fresno- Clovis RWRF. In recent years, the City of Fresno and FID have implemented a pilot project where exchange quantities are determined on a year by year basis. This pilot project has been in effect for three years.

The City is in discussion with the City of Fresno to ensure that Clovis is a beneficiary of any such projects or agreements proportionate to the City’s equitable ownership interest in the Fresno-Clovis RWRF.

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6.2.7.2 TRANSFERS
The City currently does not have any approved plans to facilitate water transfers. In accordance with the City’s 2014 General Plan, lands proposed to be annexed into the City must transfer existing water entitlements to the City as a condition of annexatio n. The City will continue to communicate these requirements to landowners in the GWD and IWD areas for the purposes of retaining the water rights and those rights be transferred to the City upon annexation.

6.2.7.3 WATER BANKING FACILITIES
Two banking facilities, the Waldron Banking Facilities (WBF) and Boswell Groundwater Banking Facility (BGBF), have been constructed in central Fresno County. The City entered into an agreement with the FID to participate in the financing of the constructio n of the WBF. The City is entitled to receive up to ninety percent (9,000 AF) of the annual yield. The City plans on taking the water in dry years to augment supply.

The City and FID have entered into a similar agreement regarding the BGBF whereby the City will have access of up to 4,500 AFY of surface water. The recharged water will be “banked” for future recovery during dry periods or to accommodate planned growth. In the event the Facility cannot produce the 4,500 AFY of surface water, FID will endeavor to acquire supplemental water for Clovis from other sources, which the City will be required to fund. Table 6-10 lists the actual and projected amount of water banked at these two facilities.

Table 6-10. Water Banking Opportunities

AGENCY SUPPLY

ACTUAL PROJECTED
2025 2030 2035 2040 2050
Waldron Banking
Facilities
Water
Banking 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
Boswell Groundwater
Banking Facility
Water
Banking 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500
Total (AF) 13,500 13,500 13,500 13,500 13,500

6.2.7.4 EMERGENCY INTERTIES
The City has an agreement with the City of Fresno for two interties between the two systems. The northern intertie will provide for treated water from the City of Fresno to be supplied to the City of Clovis. The Southern Intertie will provide for treated water from the City of Clovis to be supplied to the City of Fresno.

The Southern Intertie has been constructed and was put into service but is not currently being utilized. The Northern Intertie could be constructed during the next several years; however, a timeline has not been set between the cities. The purpose of the interties was to facilitate the transfer of treated water supplies during the initial years of the agreement and ultimately to provide emergency backup to both systems.

6.2.8 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(f) Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.

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The City has been searching for additional land to construct another dedicated groundwater recharge facility in the City. The facility will likely be in North Clovis upgradient of City wells. A minimum of 20 to 40 acres is desired with a minimum recharge c apability of approximately 1,500 AF per year . An additional project that the City is pursuing in cooperation with FID and FMFCD is the reoperation of Big Dry Reservoir, known as the Redbank -Fancher Creeks Flood Control Project, to allow storage of East Side Stream Flood releases typically lost to the area, and utilize the creek channel upstream of the Big Dry Creek Dam for recharge. This project is currently in the planning phase. The City is looking to construct a recharge basin of approximately 6 acres located about ¼ mile east of Barstow and Leonard Avenues. This will be the Agua Vista Park basin, and current recharge estimates based on initial study expect approximately 400 -800 AF per year.

The City is also in the design phase of treatment projects, which are expected to bring wells 31 and 32 back into use for the system, increasing the supply by an additional 3,155 AF per year. Additionally, Well 11A was recently drilled and equipped; however, due to nitrate-impacted water quality, the well is inactive and not yet permitted for use. Well 11A will require treatment before being eligible for use in the system.

In addition to recharge and treatment projects, the City updated its Capital Improvements Plan alongside the WMP Update in 2017 (Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group, 2018), and several water supply projects are included therein, as well as several additional planned projects, as shown in Table 6-11.

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Table 6-11. Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Submittal Table 6-7)

NAME OF
FUTURE

PROJECT OR

PROGRAM

JOINT PROJECT

WITH OTHER
SUPPLIERS?

ADDITIONAL

DESCRIPTION

PLANNED
YEAR

PLANNED

FOR USE IN

YEAR TYPE

EXPECTED

INCREASE IN

WATER SUPPLY TO

SUPPLIER (AF)
Agua Vista Park No - Additional
Recharge Basin 2027 All Year
Types 400-800
Well 31 Fe & Mn
Treatment No - Restored Water
Supply Source 2027 All Year
Types 870
Well 32 PFAS
Treatment No - Restored Water
Supply Source 2027 All Year
Types 2,285
Well 11A Nitrate
Treatment No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2028 All Year
Types 1,290
City Production
Well No. 44 No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2027 All Year
Types 800
City Production
Well No. 45 No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2028 All Year
Types 800
Well 36 Nitrate
Treatment No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2030 All Types 1,900
City Production
Well No. 46 No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2030 All Year
Types 800
City Production
Well No. 47 No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2032 All Year
Types 800
New SWTP No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2035 All Year
Types 22,400
City Production
Well No. T9 No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2035 All Year
Types 2,420
Southeast SWTP
Expansion No - Additional Water
Supply Source 2040+ All Year
Types 25,200
Clovis Recharge
Project No - Additional
Recharge Basin 2040+ All Year
Types 1,500
Big Dry
Reservoir
Reoperation
Yes FID and
FMFCD
Increase Recharge
Capabilities 2050+ All Year
Types To be determined

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6.2.9 SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED SOURCES OF WATER
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631
(b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision 10631(a). (4)(D) (Provide a) detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.

6.2.9.1 DESCRIPTION OF SUPPLIES
The following sections describe the various types of water supplies the City has access to and uses to meet demands.

6.2.9.1.1 GROUNDWATER
As discussed above, the City has historically relied upon groundwater for a large proportion of its water supply; however, that has been changing over the past twenty years and will continue to do so. The City is operating under the understanding that there is a sustainable yield for groundwater pumping of 9,400 AFY; however, SGMA implementation may affect that number.

6.2.9.1.2 SURFACE WATER
The City has succeeded in securing sufficient surface water supplies for normal year demands and will be expanding surface water treatment capacity and reliability with several capital projects in the next few years. The expansion at the existing SWTP and the construction of a second SWTP will support the anticipated growth of the community and associated water demands. Additionally, the City is reviewing options to mitigate the period each year when the existing conveyance to the SWTP is removed from service for maintenance activities. During this period, the City is unable to operate its SWTP and relies solely on groundwater pumping. Fortunately, the period occurs in November or December, one of the lowest water use months of the year. However, to rely mor e heavily on the SWTP, the City must ensure it can operate 365 days of the year.

6.2.9.1.3 SUPPLY FROM STORAGE
The City has access to 9,000 AF of annual water supply from the WBF; this water is considered a dry year supply, so it is not shown in the normal year water supply tables. Additionally, the City has access to 4,500 AF of annual water supply from the BGBF, which is a normal year water supply and is considered in the overall supply portfolio.

Groundwater pumping accounted for approximately twenty-eight percent of the City’s total available water supply. As shown in Table 6-12, the actual 2025 supply for the service area consisted of surface water, groundwater, supply water from storage, and recycled water.

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Table 6-12. Water Supplies – Actual (DWR Submittal Table 6-8)

WATER SUPPLY ADDITIONAL DETAILS ON

WATER SUPPLY
2025
ACTUAL

VOLUME (AF)

TOTAL AVAILABLE

SUPPLIES (AF)
Groundwater Kings Subbasin 5-22.08 16,972 16,972
Surface Water Kings River, CVP 15,881 26,300
Supply from Storage Waldron, Boswell Banking,
and Marion, Facilities 0 13,500
Recycled Water Water Reuse Facility 882 3,100
Total 33,735 59,872

Future supply projections through 2050 are shown in Table 6-13. The future supply projections assume normal surface water entitlements from the FID and incorporated water districts based on the most recent 30-year averages and anticipated growth rates for the City.

Table 6-13. Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Submittal Table 6-9)

WATER SUPPLY

ADDITIONAL

DETAILS ON WATER
SUPPLY

PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY (AF)
[REASONABLY AVAILABLE VOLUMES]
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Groundwater [1] Kings Subbasin 15,079 11,309 9,400 9,400 9,400 Surface Water [2] Kings River and CVP 34,000 35,900 40,600 42,900 43,350 Supply from
Storage
Waldron and Boswell
banked supplies 13,500 13,500 13,500 13,500 13,500
Recycled Water Water Reuse Facility 3,100 3,100 6,300 6,300 9,400 Total 65,679 63,809 69,800 72,100 75,650
Notes:
[1] Reasonably available volume shows reduction in reliance on groundwater supply, as planned, to the sustainable yield volum e in 2040. The City will be conducting intentional recharge in these years and may extract groundwater in excess on 9,400 AFY base d on the groundwater recharge conducted.
[2] Surface water is shown in detail in Table 6-4.

6.2.10 SPECIAL CONDITIONS

6.2.10.1 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS TO WATER SUPPLY SOURCES The impacts on the City’s water supply due to climate change could take many forms but are likely to impact surface water supplies most. It is anticipated that precipitation will occur more often in the form of rain, not snowpack, and snowmelt and the associated runoff will begin earlier than in the past. This change will require more water storage facilities be available to capture the water supply that would have otherwise been “stored” as snowpack in the mountains.

In years of drought, there are minimal water flows that must be maintained to the Bay Delta for water quality and other environmental reasons. While the City’s current surface water supply is primarily (and functionally) only from the Kings River, a portion of the City’s future water supplies are tied to the CVP, which will be impacted by minimal flow requirements. This could impact the City’s ability to obtain those surface water supplies.

If droughts or other impacts limit the ability of the City and other agencies in the Kings Subbasin to utilize surface water to meet potable water demands, the agencies may be forced to enact strict conservation

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measures and rely on the groundwater supplies more than desired. If the groundwater levels decline further, production wells could also be impacted.

6.2.10.2 REGULATORY CONDITIONS
The introduction of SGMA has been a major modification to how water supplies are considered. The Kings Subbasin has a plan to work cooperatively in managing its groundwater basin and reaching sustainability.

It is not anticipated additional regulation will be introduced to further modify how the agencies can access and utilize water supply sources. If the cooperative approach to SGMA compliance does not continue, additional regulation may be a possibility in the form of adjudication of the groundwater basin.

6.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631.2.(a) - In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems. (3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems. (5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.

The City tracks its energy use on a per supply source basis (i.e., energy use per well) on a monthly basis. In 2025, through pumps associated with groundwater wells, operation of intentional groundwater recharge basins, and operation of the SWTP, the City used approximately 15,671,166 kilowatt hours (kWh) of power to produce 25,211 AF of water into the distribution system, yielding a power consumption of 311 kWh/AF, as shown in Table 6-14 below. These figures do not include energy used by the wastewater system, including wastewater delivered to the RWRF.

Table 6-14. Energy Consumption (Optional DWR Submittal Table O-1A)

DESCRIPTION

VOLUME OF WATER

ENTERING

PROCESS (AF)
ENERGY

CONSUMED
(KWH)
ENERGY

INTENSITY
(KWH/AF)
WATER

MANAGEMENT

PROCESS
EXTRACT AND DIVERT 16,972 10,649,020 627
STORAGE 7,641 71,884 9
TREATMENT 8,239 4,199,295 510
DISTRIBUTION 25,211 822,851 33
TOTAL UTILITY 25,211 15,671,166 622
Data Quality Narrative:
• Energy data was provided for January through December 2025 and was compared to calendar year 2025 water supply. • The Extract and Divert row accounts for the associated energy to extract and treat water from the groundwater aquifer (i.e., groundwater well pumps).
• The Storage row accounts for the energy consumed to utilize raw surface water for groundwater recharge. • The Treatment row accounts for all water processed through the SWTP and energy required to run the SWTP. • The Distribution row accounts for all water distributed through the water system and energy associated with moving it throughout the system via booster pumps, including into and out of temporary storage reservoirs. • The City has solar power generation at the SWTP; however, the Energy Consumed is net of the Self-Generated Renewable Energy. • The City uses energy to treat its wastewater and create recycled water; however, the portion of energy attributable to the recycled water component only has not been separated from the total energy use at the STWRF so is not shown here. The City will make efforts to determine the portion of energy attributable to the recycled water generation for future reporting needs.

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7 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY
The UWMPA requires that the UWMP address the reliability of the City’s long-term water supplies. This includes a description of supply constraints which may impact the supply. Also included is a comparison between the City’s supply and demand.

7.1 CONSTRAINTS ON WATER SOURCES
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631(b)(1) A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.

CWC §10634 The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

CWC §10635 (b)(2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.

CWC §10635 (b)(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

A variety of circumstances can render a source inconsistent; therefore, determining the supply reliability for the City is difficult because of the complex factors that accompany a water source. Numerous factors, including legal complications, environmental constraints, water quality, and climatic variations, can affect the reliability of a water system. Each constraining factor is discussed in detail in subsequent sections.

7.1.1 LEGAL
The City’s groundwater supply (Kings Subbasin) is non-adjudicated, and the surface water supplies have long-term contracts to document quantities and availability to the City.

Since the 2020 UWMP, the NKGSA’s GSP has been submitted and subsequently updated, and the City is working collaboratively with other agencies reliant on the groundwater basin to reach sustainable management of the groundwater aquifer prior to 2040, as required. The projected groundwater supply in this UWMP is an estimated sustainable amount of 9,400 AFY.

Additionally, the City is following upcoming regulations regarding indoor and outdoor water standards and has used a reduced residential per capita rate for water use projections to reflect the indoor water standard changes anticipated in 2025 and beyond.

7.1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL
The status of environmental regulation in California is routinely changing due to new legislation, endangered species statuses, and other factors. Should new environmental legislation come into existence, it could potentially impact the City's available supply. The recent water supply reductions in the Delta are an example of environmental water needs versus community water supplies. While these reductions do not currently impact the City’s water supply, as it continues to grow, new surface water supplies that are expected to be added to the water supply portfolio may be impacted by the Delta reductions. It will be prudent for the City to continue to be aware of how those reductions change and plan accordingly. Due to the mixture of groundwater and surface water within the City, it is anticipated that alterations to the water supply could be made to accommodate these changes, should they occur.

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7.1.3 WATER QUALITY
The quality of the City’s water supply is generally good. The Kings River water is low in contaminants and usually treatable. Following heavy rain events, the turbidity levels can increase significantly. The City’s treatment plant can usually handle the increases, but it may also be shut down temporarily to save on operational costs. Historically, this has not critically affected the City’s water supply as storm events normally occur during low demand periods in the winter months. The City is currently evaluating pretreatment improvements to mitigate water quality impacts resulting from high turbidity events affecting the Enterprise canal. The delivery mechanism for the Kings River water, the Enterprise Canal, is patrolled by City staff six days a week and by a Fresno City staff member one day a week. This helps to protect and ensure that the quality of the water stays high.

Groundwater quality is also fairly consistent. However, water quality regulations are constantly being revised with new constituents being added for monitoring and new or reduced maximum contaminant levels being established. Water quality concerns have three existing wells temporarily offline (Wells 18, 31, and 43) and five on standby status (Wells 10, 20, 32, 40, and T-5). TCP, PFAS, DBCP, Nitrates, and high iron and manganese are the main water quality constraints in the Clovis area.

The City’s drinking water meets all applicable water quality regulations.

7.1.4 CLIMATIC FACTOR
As climate change becomes more quantifiable and potentially affects the local water conditions, alterations in water supply planning may be necessary. Climate change elements such as drought, more rainfall and less snow in the watershed, or massive flooding could potentially affect supply reliability, therefore requiring the City to make modifications to their water supplies.

7.1.4.1 WATER SUPPLY IMPACTS
The most probable water supply in the City’s portfolio to be impacted by climate change is their surface water supply. The NKGSP examined the reliability of the Kings River supply and concluded that the agencies reliant on the Kings Subbasin could continue to plan on those supplies with climate change factored in, stating specifically, “Kings River water supplies available to the Kings Subbasin will be managed in the future to maintain historical levels of water supplies.” Additionally, the City has entered into a Firm Water Supply Agreement and Water Banking Agreements with FID to help augment water supply during dry years. Evaluation of the Kings River supplies into the future, considering climate change impacts of warmer temperatures, showed more precipitation occurring as rainfall and less as snowfall and that the snowfall (snowpack) will have a tendency to melt sooner in the season. This change can largely be mitigated through additional reservoir storage and increased recharge during low-use periods.

The GSP further states that “climate change will have no significant impact on Kings River diversions.”

The climate change impacts on groundwater should be less impactful to overall water management strategies, as the City and others are already working to achieve groundwater sustainability by 2040.

Without groundwater sustainability achieved, groundwater levels could continue to decline, impacting the overall access and amount of groundwater in the aquifer. The City’s reduction in reliance on groundwater will also mean any impact on groundwater due to climate change will have a decreased impact on the City overall.

7.1.4.2 BEHAVIORAL MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
In response to potential climate changes, the City is proceeding with a two-fold approach including mitigation and adaptation strategies. Mitigation consists of reducing the amount of greenhouse gas

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emissions to help slow the process of climate change. Adaptation is the process of modifying behaviors in response to the warming climate and related changes.

In relation to water management, emission reduction can be achieved by reducing the amount of water usage per capita, thereby decreasing the energy used to move, treat, and discharge water supplies. As the City continues to implement the demand management measures (DMMs) discussed in Section 9, their water usage and related energy usage will decrease.

Adaptation is generally considered a local principle and, as such, must be contemplated in a very specific manner for each area. Adaptation can consist of more extensive master planning, enhanced management and storage of surface water supplies, increased usage of recycled water, investment in infrastructure to support the previously stated measures, and public outreach for water conservation. As mentioned before, the City is working towards sustainability in relation to their water usage through increased recycled water uses and conservation.

7.2 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
CWC §10635 (a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

This section considers the City’s water supply reliability during three water scenarios: normal/average year, single-dry year, and multiple-dry year periods.

7.2.1 TYPES OF YEARS
The reliability scenarios to be considered are defined as follows:
• Normal/Average year: This condition represents the water supplies a Supplier considers available during normal conditions. This could be a single year or averaged range of years that most closely represents the average water supply available to the Supplier. In the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, DWR uses the terms average and normal interchangeably when addressing the water year type.
• Single-dry year: the year that represents the lowest water supply available to the City.

Generally considered to be the lowest annual runoff for a watershed since the water-year beginning in 1903. Suppliers should determine this for each watershed from which they receive supplies.
• Multiple-dry year period: the period that represents the lowest average water supply available to the City for a consecutive multiple year period. Generally considered to be the lowest average runoff for a consecutive multiple year period (five years or more).

Table 7-1 summarizes the base years for the average, single- and multiple-dry year periods. In addition, the available supply volume, and percent relative to the normal/average year is listed. As shown, the representative normal year is 2018, while 2015 represents the lowest supply year (single dry year), and the multiple-dry year period takes place from 2012 - 2016.

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Table 7-1. Bases of Water Year Data (DWR Submittal Table 7-1)

YEAR TYPE BASE
YEAR

AVAILABLE SUPPLIES IF YEAR TYPE REPEATS
☐
Check box if quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with this table and
is provided elsewhere in the UWMP

VOLUME AVAILABLE
(AF)

PERCENT OF

AVERAGE SUPPLY
Normal/Average Year 2018 50,358 100%
Single-Dry Year 2015 32,493 65%
Multiple-Dry Year 2012 44,863 89%
Multiple-Dry Year 2013 42,447 84%
Multiple-Dry Year 2014 38,292 76%
Multiple-Dry Year 2015 32,493 65%
Multiple-Dry Year 2016 49,228 98%

7.2.2 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON Legal Requirements
CWC §10635
(a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and multiple dry water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

7.2.2.1 RELIABILITY – NORMAL YEAR
The normal water year supply reflects those supplies available to the City in a normal year, as presented in Table 6-13. The projected normal water year supplies and demand from 2030 through 2050 are presented in Table 7-2. As shown, the supply is greater than the demand for each year and reflects the projected surplus during a normal water year.

Table 7-2. Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-2) 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF)
Supply Totals [1] 65,679 63,809 69,800 72,100 75,650
Demand Totals [2] 38,467 41,568 44,999 48,793 52,990
Surplus/(shortfall) 27,212 22,241 24,801 23,307 22,660
Notes:
[1] Supply totals are delineated by type (e.g., surface water, groundwater) in Table 6-13. [2] Demand totals are delineated by use type (e.g., single-family residential, commercial) in Table 4-4.

7.2.2.2 RELIABILITY – SINGLE DRY YEAR
During a single-dry year, surface water allotments are anticipated to be reduced by as much as 65 percent for Kings River surface water supplies, and CVP Class II supplies are eliminated completely in dry years. In the future, as the City becomes more reliant on surface water supplies, the impact of surface water reductions in dry years will be more significant.

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The projected single-dry year supply and demand from 2030 through 2050 are presented in Table 7-3.

The supply totals reflect the amount of each supply type anticipated to be available to the City based on the water supply reductions experienced in 2015 (as noted for the representative Single-Dry Year in Table 7-1), as follows:
• Groundwater: 100% (9,400 AF assumed sustainable yield) • Surface Water Supplies: 65%
• Supply from Storage: 100%
• Recycled Water: 100% (of the values shown in Table 6-13)

As shown, demand reductions due to water shortage measures are included in the demand estimates.

During a single-dry year, demands will be reduced by temporarily eliminating groundwater recharge activities.

Table 7-3. Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Submittal Table 7-3) 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF)
Supply Totals 46,133 43,623 46,637 47,970 51,159
Demand Totals [1] 30,067 33,168 36,599 40,393 44,590
Surplus/(shortfall) [2] 16,067 10,455 10,038 7,576 6,569 Notes:
[1] Groundwater recharged would be eliminated during a single-dry year event. [2] In instances of shortfall, groundwater pumping could be temporarily increased to meet demands, or conservation measures would be employed to reduce demands.

7.2.2.3 RELIABILITY – FIVE CONSECUTIVE DRY YEARS
The projected multiple-dry year supply and demand from 2030 through 2050 is presented in Table 7-4. To provide protection for the system, planning for a 20 percent supply excess over demands is a guiding principle. During a multiple-year drought, demands will be reduced by temporarily reducing groundwater recharge activities and implementing the water shortage contingency plan as necessary. As with the 2012-2016 drought period, it is anticipated the final year will begin to see an improvement in supply availability and some restrictions may be relaxed; however, if that is not the case, the City may need to continue mandatory conservation strategies.

The supply totals reflect the amount of each supply type anticipated to be available to the City based on the water supply reductions experienced in 2012-2016 (as noted for the representative Multiple-Dry Years in Table 7-1), as follows:
• Groundwater: 100% (9,400 AF assumed sustainable yield) • Total Surface Water Supplies3:
• 2012: 81%
• 2013: 74%
• 2014: 60%
• 2015: 43%
• 2016: 93%
• Supply from Storage: 100%
• Recycled Water: 100% (of the values shown in Table 6-13)

3 Total Surface Water Supplies include 100% availability of the FID 2019 Firm Water Supply Agreement, based on contract year, which was not part of the supply portfolio in 2012-2016; the percentages are a weighted average of the five types of surface water the City has access to.

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Table 7-4. Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison SCENARIO 2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050
(AF)
First year
Supply Totals 59,655 57,563 61,693 63,641 67,049
Demand Totals [1] 33,671 36,458 39,296 42,694 46,418
Surplus/(shortfall) 25,984 21,104 22,397 20,948 20,631
Second year
Supply Totals 57,024 54,871 58,871 60,754 64,145
Demand Totals 33,322 36,160 39,078 42,532 46,302
Surplus/(shortfall) 23,702 18,711 19,793 18,222 17,843
Third year
Supply Totals 52,447 50,083 53,108 54,538 57,767
Demand Totals 29,184 31,723 34,226 37,276 40,607
Surplus/(shortfall) 23,263 18,360 18,883 17,262 17,161
Fourth year
Supply Totals 46,133 43,623 46,637 47,970 51,159
Demand Totals 24,618 26,895 29,227 31,950 34,867
Surplus/(shortfall) 21,515 16,728 17,410 16,019 16,291
Fifth year
Supply Totals 64,391 62,375 66,429 68,371 71,766
Demand Totals 36,645 39,574 42,471 46,043 50,008
Surplus/(shortfall) 27,746 22,801 23,957 22,328 21,759
Notes:
[1] Groundwater recharged would be reduced during a drought, as needed to avoid additional groundwater pumping as much as possible. A shortfall in supply would be met through additional groundwater pumping or more stringent conservation measures.

7.2.3 DESCRIPTION OF MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND OPTIONS
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10620(f) An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan, water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.

7.2.3.1 GROUNDWATER RELIABILITY
The City’s wells currently draw water from a non-adjudicated groundwater basin (Kings Subbasin) with no current limits on pumping and that has been labeled as being in a critical state of overdraft. Therefore, reliability of the groundwater supply will depend on the long-term balance between groundwater extraction and recharge for the subbasin as a whole as discussed in previous sections.

To minimize its contribution to groundwater depletion, sustainable use of groundwater supply sources is a primary focus of the City’s urban water management activities extending into the future. The City first maximizes its use of surface water at its SWTP to reduce its reliance on groundwater. Secondly, the City engages in groundwater recharge activities when surface water supplies are available to replenish the water table. Recycled water is also being utilized to take demands off the potable system; a focus for the City is to maximize the efficient use of water and to promote conservation.

As a member of the NKGSA and participant in the NKGSP, the City continues to actively pursue joint efforts to address overdraft.

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7.2.3.2 SURFACE WATER RELIABILITY
Surface water is supplied from the Kings River and conveyed to the City by the FID. The river is impacted by the level of snowmelt and precipitation received in the area and is susceptible to dry conditions. The City’s contract with FID ensures that the City receives a percentage of the total FID entitlement, approximately 2.1 AF per acre within the FID boundary; the City’s area is capped at 7.12% of the FID boundary or approximately 32,100 AFY in a normal water year. Additionally, in 2019, the City executed a contract with FID for development of a firm water supply which started at 1,000 AFY in 2020 and increasing to a maximum of 7,000 AFY by 2045 and thereafter; this new supply will not have the variability of the existing supply based on water year. Historically, FID’s entitlement on the Kings River has been considered reliable although it was affected significantly by the 2012-2016 drought. As previously discussed, Class II supplies from the CVP are not considered reliable. However, these supplies are relatively small and would not have significant impact on the total supply, which was the case for 2015, when there was a zero percent allotment for Class II supplies.

7.2.3.3 RECYCLED WATER RELIABILITY
Recycled water is considered a consistent source; however, because it is mainly dependent upon indoor residential use, it is susceptible to water rationing. In 2025, the City utilized approximately 39 percent of its treated wastewater. Utilization is primarily limited by existing infrastructure and seasonal need. The amount of recycled water used for beneficial purposes is expected to increase as additional infrastructure is built, wastewater generation increases, and the Clovis STWRF expands.

7.3 DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted.
(2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions. (3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

7.3.1 DRA DATA, METHODS, AND BASIS FOR WATER SHORTAGE CONDITIONS The Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) for the City has been prepared based on the next five years’ (2026- 2030) supplies and demands and the supply impacts seen during the 2012-2016 drought period. This requires the City to evaluate whether it can accommodate another historic drought if it were to begin in 2026. The DRA shows the City would need to enact water conservation measures as it did in 2014 to reduce demands; the City’s efforts in the past proved it is able to reach significant conservation when mandatory measures are enacted.

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7.3.1.1 WATER USE
The water use values are a projection between the actual water use in 2025 (DWR Submittal Table 4-1) and the projected water use in 2030 (DWR Submittal Table 4-2). This linear projection does not account for conservation or other demand reductions, beginning in 2026 and culminating in 2030.

7.3.1.2 WATER SUPPLY
The water supply value considers the City’s four primary supply sources: groundwater, surface water, banked groundwater, and recycled water.
• Groundwater: For purposes of the DRA, the groundwater quantity was reduced to the sustainable yield value discussed previously, 9,400 AFY. • Surface water: For purposes of the DRA, the surface water quantity available assumed no additional FID supplies would be available, no CVP supplies would be available, and the amount of surface water supplies received would follow the trend of the 2012-2016 drought period, varying from 35 to 96 percent of a normal water year, with the exception of the City’s 2019 Surface Water agreement with FID providing for a firm surface water supply ranging 2,800 AFY in 2026 and increasing to 7,000 AFY in 2045 and thereafter. • Banked groundwater: For purposes of the DRA, the City would assume to use both the WBF and BGBF fully, extracting up to 13,500 AFY from the two combined. • Recycled water: For the purposes of the DRA, the recycled water quantity available was assumed to be steady, including increases due to planned plant expansion; however, the assumption is the City would utilize all the supply either for direct use on landscaping or for groundwater recharge.

7.3.1.3 WATER SHORTAGE CONDITIONS
The DRA assumes to utilize the same levels discussed in the WSCP and the related use reduction benefit is shown in Table 7-5 below. The reductions range from none to 25 percent, depending on the year, similar to the 2012-2016 drought conditions. As the City is currently maintaining a lower water use per capita, the mandatory 36 percent conservation goal enforced by the State during the 2015 drought is not anticipated unless the drought conditions are worse than those in 2015, which is not what the DRA contemplates.

7.3.2 INDIVIDUAL WATER SOURCE RELIABILITY
• Groundwater: Groundwater is considered a very reliable water supply. • Surface water: For purposes of the DRA, the surface water quantity available assumed no Class II CVP supplies would be available and the GWD supplies would not be added to the City’s portfolio, as shown in Table 6-4, in normal projections. Additionally, the amount of surface water supplies received would follow the trend of the 2012-2016 drought period, varying from 35 to 96 percent of a normal water year. The firm water supply associated with the 2019 agreement is considered extremely reliable and should not vary significantly year to year. • Banked groundwater: The banked groundwater is considered very reliable, and the City can extract it each year, as needed, up to the limits at WBF and BGBF (noted above). • Recycled water: For the purposes of the DRA, the recycled water quantity available is considered very reliable; data from the previous drought shows the wastewater, and therefore recycled water, remains constant.

7.3.3 TOTAL WATER SUPPLY AND USE COMPARISON
The following comparison is completed on an annual basis rather than a monthly or quarterly basis for two primary reasons:

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• The City’s highest demands are in the summer when surface water supplies, even when reduced, are most available.
• The City’s other two largest supply sources (groundwater and banked groundwater) are flexible as to when they may be utilized.

By being a conjunctive user, the City has flexibility in how and when it uses its water supplies; therefore, it is not anticipated the City will have periods of time during a drought year where water supplies are not sufficient to meet demands.

The supplies have been modified based on the same characteristics as a Multiple Dry Year, as discussed in Section 7.2.3.1.

Table 7-5. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (DWR Submittal Table 7-5) YEAR

WITHOUT WSCP ACTIONS PLANNED WSCP ACTIONS
TOTAL
WATER
USE
TOTAL

SUPPLIES

SURPLUS/

SHORTFALL

W/O WSCP
ACTION
SUPPLY

AUGMENTATION

BENEFIT
USE

REDUCTION

SAVINGS

BENEFIT

REVISED

SURPLUS/
(SHORTFALL)
%

REDUCTION
FROM
WSCP
ACTION
2026 33,975 50,337 16,362 0 2,880 19,242 8%
2027 35,098 48,543 13,445 0 2,715 16,160 8%
2028 36,221 45,242 9,021 0 5,625 14,646 16%
2029 37,344 40,515 3,171 0 8,729 11,900 23%
2030 38,467 55,321 16,855 0 1,503 18,358 4%
Notes:

All units are in AF, unless otherwise noted.

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Eight: Water Shortage Contingency Planning

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8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10632.3
It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.

The UWMPA requires that the UWMP include an urban water shortage contingency analysis that addresses stages of action to be undertaken by the urban water supplier in response to water supply shortages, including more than a 50 percent reduction in water supply and an outline of specific water supply conditions which are applicable to each stage. In addition to the stages of action, the City is required to develop mandatory prohibitions against specific water use during shortages and consumption reduction methods in the most restrictive stages.

The City’s WSCP is an independent document from the UWMP and can be found in Appendix D.

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Urban Water Management Plan 2025 Update Section Nine: Demand Management Measures

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9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
This section provides a comprehensive description of the water conservation programs that the City has implemented, and is currently implementing, and plans to implement to meet its urban water use reduction targets.

9.1 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Legal Requirements:

CWC §10631
(1)(A)…a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20. (B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss. (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support. (vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.

The UWMPA requires urban water suppliers to provide information regarding water conservation and DMMs compliance; this Section provides that information. The UWMPA was amended in 2014 to streamline DMMs from fourteen specific measures to six more general requirements and an "other" category.

The City has a water conservation and recycling program in place. The City takes water conservation very seriously and considers implementation of DMMs as a necessity to achieve the goals of the conservation program.

9.1.1 WATER WASTE PREVENTION ORDINANCE
The City adopted Ordinance 15-14 in May of 2015 (see Appendix E). The ordinance levies fines and penalties for noncompliance with the City's water conservation program or water wasting. The penalties include written warnings, fines, and/or measures such as installation of water meters, water audits, landscape evaluation, and generation of a water budget, flow restrictors, termination of water service for exterior use, or complete termination of water service. As shown in Table 9-1, the City has levied citations since 2021 for water wasting. The number of citations is down from prior years. The City routinely patrols the City during the summer months to identify violators of the water waste ordinance, responds to complaints by City residents, and issues citations when violations are noticed by City employees. The City restricts outside water use to three days a week for all customers from April through October and one day per week, November through March.

The City has incorporated long-term ability to assess penalties into its ordinances for non-compliance with mandatory water conservation measures and will continue to enforce this DMM.

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Table 9-1. Water Waste Prohibition Program Implementation CATEGORY 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Waste Ordinance in effect Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Number of citations issued 166 329 295 252 123

9.1.2 METERING
Legal Requirements:

CWC §526
(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract... shall do both of the following:
(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural commercial buildings... located within its service area.

CWC §527
(a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or before January 1, 2025.

As of 2024, the City is fully metered for all customer classes, including separate meters for single-family residential, commercial, industrial, and schools. Multiple-family customers are metered but not necessarily individually by living unit. Additionally, all customers within Tarpey Village are now metered.

The City also has meters installed on 1,262 potable and 172 recycled water landscape irrigation services throughout the Clovis service area, a significant increase over metered landscape services in 2020. The City continues to encourage larger landscaped areas to have an individual, dedicated landscape water service with a separate meter.

The City currently utilizes automatic meter reading and is working toward Automatic Meter Reading devices on all water service meters, enabling them to track changes more accurately to typical water use (i.e., a potential leak or break) and provide real time information for City staff and customers to better understand their water usage trends.

9.1.3 CONSERVATION PRICING
The City adopted new water rates in July 2025; the new water fees are structured on two rates, which include drought and non-drought rates. The non-drought rates are in effect during normal water supply years and when the City is not required to reduce water use. The drought rate would be effective when the City is short of water or required to significantly reduce water use.

Each customer pays a fixed Dwelling Unit Charge (base charge) regardless of water consumption that is determined based on the customer class and meter size (for some classes). For the City's individually metered residential and commercial customers, the City has a tiered rate structure. Residential users have three tiers while commercial users have two tiers. Construction water users have a fixed rate. Table 9-2 summarizes the current rate structure for the City.

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Table 9-2. Current Water User Rates

CATEGORY NON-DROUGHT
RATE

DROUGHT
RATE
Residential: Single Family, Multi Family, Mobile Home [1] Dwelling Unit Charge: per 2 Month Period $27.71 $27.71
Volumetric Charge: Tier 1 (0-23,000 gallons) $1.13/kgal $1.35/kgal Volumetric Charge: Tier 2 (23,001-40,000 gallons) $1.88/kgal $2.74/kgal Volumetric Charge: Tier 3 (over 40,000 gallons) $2.33/kgal $3.47/kgal Commercial
Meter Charge: 1" or smaller $22.30 $22.30
Meter Charge: 1 1/2" $29.66 $29.66
Meter Charge: 2" $40.97 $40.97
Meter Charge: 3" $81.13 $81.13
Meter Charge: 4" $204.08 $204.08
Meter Charge: 6" $814.05 $814.05
Meter Charge: 8" $1,443.03 $1,443.03
Meter Charge: 10" $2,260.71 $2,260.71
Volumetric Charge: Tier 1 (0-23,000) $1.13/kgal $1.35/kgal Volumetric Charge: Tier 2 (over 23,000) $1.53/kgal $1.82/kgal Recycled Water
Meter Charge: 2" $40.97 $40.97
Meter Charge: 3" $81.13 $81.13
Meter Charge: 4" $204.08 $204.08
Meter Charge: 6" $814.05 $814.05
Meter Charge: 8" $1,443.03 $1,443.03
Meter Charge: 10" $2,260.71 $2,260.71
Volumetric Charge $0.71 $0.74
Other
Construction Water $139.05 $173.14
Notes:
[1] Tarpey customers are billed the same as inside City residential. kgal = thousand gallons

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The City has recently updated water rates and will enact the proposed non-tiered rate beginning January 2027. Additionally, the City has established drought response surcharge pricing beginning in January 2027. The following tables (Table 9-3 and Table 9-4) show the proposed rate structure and drought surcharge presented in the Water Rate Study (Raftelis, 2026).

Table 9-3. Proposed Water Rates
CATEGORY FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031
Residential, Commercial, and Landscape (Retail Potable Water Users) Bimonthly Meter Charge
1-inch or smaller $33.46 $40.49 $47.78 $49.21 $50.69
1 1/2-inch $55.36 $66.99 $79.05 $81.42 $83.86
2-inch $81.64 $98.78 $116.56 $120.06 $123.66
3-inch $151.72 $183.58 $216.62 $223.12 $229.81
4-inch $230.57 $278.99 $329.21 $339.09 $349.26
6-inch $449.58 $543.99 $641.91 $661.17 $681.01
8-inch $800.00 $968.00 $1,142.24 $1,176.51 $1,211.81
10-inch $1,062.81 $1,286.00 $1,517.48 $1,563.00 $1,609.89 Volumetric Charge $2.02 $2.44 $2.88 $2.97 $3.06
Recycled
Bimonthly Meter Charge
1-inch or smaller 25.87 31.30 36.93 38.04 39.18
1 1/2-inch 40.18 48.62 57.37 59.09 60.86
2-inch 57.35 69.39 81.88 84.34 86.87
3-inch 103.14 124.80 147.26 151.68 156.23
4-inch 154.66 187.14 220.83 227.45 234.27
6-inch 297.76 360.29 425.14 437.89 451.03
8-inch 526.71 637.32 752.04 774.60 797.84
10-inch 698.43 845.10 997.22 1,027.14 1,057.95
Volumetric Charge
Pressurized $0.87 $1.05 $1.24 $1.28 $1.32
Non-Pressurized $0.072 $0.090 $0.110 $0.110 $0.110
Fire and Construction
Bimonthly Meter Charge
4-inch and smaller 20.15 24.38 28.77 29.63 30.52
6-inch 36.52 44.18 52.13 53.69 55.30
8-inch 64.74 78.34 92.44 95.21 98.07
10-inch 107.20 129.72 153.07 157.66 162.39
12-inch 166.05 200.92 237.09 244.20 251.53
Construction Water 154.66 186.89 220.58 227.41 234.29
Hydrant Meter, bill per month 40.82 49.39 58.28 60.03 61.83 Volumetric Charge
Hydrant Meter, per 1kgal $2.02 $2.44 $2.88 $2.97 $3.06
Notes:

Tiered pricing has been removed from all customer classes.

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Table 9-4. Drought Response Surcharge by Conservation Goal and Fiscal Year CONSERVATION GOAL FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 < 10% (WSCP Stage 1) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Up to 20% (WSCP Stage 2) $0.23 $0.23 $0.32 $0.33 $0.34
Up to 30% (WSCP Stage 3) $0.51 $0.61 $0.72 $0.74 $0.77
Up to 40% (WSCP Stage 4) $0.87 $1.05 $1.23 $1.27 $1.31
Up to 50% (WSCP Stage 5) $1.35 $1.63 $1.92 $1.98 $2.04
> 50% (WSCP Stage 6) $2.02 $2.44 $2.88 $2.97 $3.06

9.1.4 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
The City promotes water conservation through a multitude of programs. The City distributes public information through bill inserts, brochures, the City website, social media, and booths or activities at special events. The City attended twenty-one special events from 2021 through 2025. At these events, the City distributes miscellaneous items such as shower timers and stress balls which carry the water conservation message to promote conservation water use. The outdoor watering schedule is noted on the back of customer’s bills, is listed on the City’s website, and is posted to social media outlets prior to the change in water schedule at the season markers. Since 2004, the City’s website has included a page which discusses water conservation.

Beginning in 2008, the City began participating with the “Partners for Clean Stormwater.” This group was organized by the FMFCD to pool resources and deliver messages that are common to the members, which include the City of Clovis, the City of Fresno, Caltrans, and Fresno County. With this group, the City has participated in the preparation of a children’s activity book that educates them about water and other environmental issues. The City has also participated in funding media spots that promote water conservation.

The City has leased land to a non-profit group at one of its park sites, at no cost, for a botanical garden.

The garden emphasizes native, low water using plants. The garden is currently three acres in size. The City provides information regarding water conservation at various events the non-profit group sponsors throughout the year.

The City has also joined the Central Valley Friendly Landscaping Group, whose objective is to promote landscapes in the Central Valley that are appropriate for the area climate and don’t require a lot of irrigation. Efforts have included producing a brochure and conducting a recognition program for Central Valley Friendly Landscaping projects.

City water bills show each customer’s current and previous year’s usage so that customers can compare their water usage.

Some of these measures have been in effect since 1990. The effectiveness of these measures can be determined based on overall per capita water use. However, since many measures have been implemented by the City in this same period, it is impossible to quantify how much of the per capita demand decrease is attributed to these specific measures.

9.1.5 PROGRAMS TO ASSESS AND MANAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM REAL LOSS The City has been conducting annual water system audits using software provided by AWWA, the most recent being conducted for the calendar year 2024. The percentage of water loss has been consistent