Corona City Council
July 1, 2026

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.I-6
To realize these principles on the ground, the Growth Vision encourages:

Focusing growth in existing and emerging centers and along major transportation corridors; Creating significant areas of mixed-use development and walkable communities; Targeting growth around existing and planned transit stations; and Preserving existing open space and stable residential areas. As part of the visioning effort, the Compass Blueprint 2% Strategy provides guidance for how and where SCAG can implement the Growth Vision for Southern California’s future. It calls for modest changes to current land use and transportation trends on only 2% of the land area of the region. Directing the changes to the selected 2% of the land identified produces the greatest policy achievement for the least land affected.

The Growth Visioning effort encourages clustering/densification of job growth and population activity in proximity to certain transportation facilities. As indicated on the 2% Strategy Opportunity Areas map for the Western Riverside Council of Governments, the City of Corona and its SOI are located within a Compass 2% Strategy Opportunity Area. As such, the site is within a key target area that, if developed at higher density, would help best serve the mobility, livability, prosperity and sustainability goals of the Growth Vision for the region. In anticipation of population growth in Western Riverside County, the City of Corona has initiated several Compass Blueprint projects, including the Metrolink Station Area Plan, Downtown Revitalization Plan, and the Neighborhood Electric Vehicle Program (WRCOG). The applicable principles and policies of the Compass Blueprint Growth Vision relevant to the project and an analysis of the project’s consistency with these principles and policies are provided below under the subheading Analysis of Project Impacts. (b) Air Quality Management Plan
The Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) presents strategies for achieving the air quality planning goals set forth in the Federal and California Clean Air Acts (CCAA), including a comprehensive list of pollution control measures aimed at reducing emissions.

The SCAQMD, which was established in 1977 pursuant to the Lewis-Presley Air Quality Management Act, is responsible for bringing air quality in the South Coast Air Basin (Basin) into conformity with federal and State air pollution standards. The SCAQMD is also responsible for monitoring ambient air pollution levels throughout the Basin and for developing and implementing attainment strategies to ensure that future emissions will be within federal and State standards. Consistency with the AQMP, last amended in 2012, is addressed in Section 4.B, Air Quality, of this EIR.
(c) Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan The project site is located within the Temescal Canyon Area Plan of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (WRC MSHCP). The WRC MSHCP also establishes habitat assessment requirements for certain plant, bird, mammal, and amphibian species. Discussion of the WRC MSHCP and other applicable regulatory requirements related to biological resources are provided in Section 4.C, Biological Resources, of this Draft EIR.

December 2015 4.I. Land Use and Planning
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(2) Local
(a) City of Corona General Plan
Local governments have the primary responsibility for the planning and regulation of land uses. State law requires that each city and county prepare and adopt a "comprehensive, long-term general plan for the physical development" of the community. This general plan must cover all incorporated territory and should go beyond the city limits to include "any land outside its boundaries which...bears relation to its planning." (Gov. Code §65300).

Because the general plan is a policy document with a long-term perspective, it includes adjacent territory (sphere of influence or SOI) that the city ultimately expects to annex or to serve. The city's SOI describes the city’s probable physical boundaries and service area and serves as a benchmark for the minimum extent of the planning area and represents those areas likely to be served by and potentially annexed to the City. The SOI for the City of Corona was defined by the city, SCAG, and the Riverside County LAFCO. The identification of the SOI is a statement of its future intent and one means by which city officials indicate to state and local governments their concerns for the future of surrounding unincorporated lands.

Therefore, the boundaries of the City of Corona General Plan Planning Area incorporate two geographical areas. These include approximately 37.6 square miles the lands within the City’s corporate limits and approximately 35.2 square miles in unincorporated Riverside County lands within its SOI. The City of Corona SOI is illustrated in Figure 2-3 in Chapter 2 of this EIR.

The City of Corona General Plan (adopted March 17, 2004, with latest updates in 2008) guides land use and public investment decisions in the City. The General Plan presents a vision for the City's future and a strategy to make that vision a reality. The General Plan is required to address these topics or elements: land use, circulation, housing, open space, conservation, safety, and noise. The City of Corona General Plan also addresses economic development, community design, historic preservation, and parks and recreation.

The General Plan is comprised of seven chapters. Chapters 3 through 6 include the General Plan elements and related goals and policies and are organized as follows:

Chapter 3 Community Development
o Land Use
o Community Design
o Housing
o Historic Resources
o Economic Development
Chapter 4 Infrastructure and Public Services
o Circulation
o Infrastructure and Utilities
o Parks, Schools, and Libraries

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
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o Police and Fire Services
Chapter 5 Environmental Resources
o Hydrological Resources
o Biological Resources
o Agricultural and Mineral Resources
o Air Quality
o Visual Resources
Chapter 6 Environmental Hazards and Public Safety
o Seismic, Geologic, and Erosion Hazards
o Flooding Hazards
o Hazardous Materials
o Noise
o Emergency/Disaster Preparedness
Consistency with applicable goals and policies related to Land Use and Infrastructure and Utilities (Energy, Telecommunications) are presented below under the subheading Analysis of Project Impacts. Consistency with applicable goals and policies related to other environmental issues are presented in the corresponding sections of this Draft EIR.
(c) Corona Municipal Code – Title 17
The project will need to adhere to development standards of applicable code chapters within Title 17 when designing site plans for buildings, landscaping and fencing.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
a. Methodology
The analysis of potential land use impacts considers consistency of the project with applicable local and regional plans, policies, and regulations. The determination of consistency is based upon a review of the previously identified planning documents that regulate land use or guide land use decisions pertaining to the project site. CEQA Guidelines Section 15125(d) requires that an EIR discuss any inconsistencies between the proposed project and applicable general plans, specific plans, and regional plans. The proposed project is considered consistent with applicable plans if it is compatible with the general intent of the plans and would not preclude or substantially impede attainment of relevant objectives, goals, policies, principles, and standards. Determinations of significance are based not on inconsistency alone, but on instances where inconsistencies with plans, policies, and regulations also result in physical impacts on the environment. b. Thresholds of Significance
Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines (the Initial Study Environmental Checklist form) and the City’s Initial Study Checklist include questions relating to land use and planning that are utilized as thresholds of

December 2015 4.I. Land Use and Planning
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significance in this section (Thresholds 1 through 3). Accordingly, a significant land use and planning impact would occur if the project would:

Threshold 1: Physically divide an established community (refer to Impact Statement 4.I-1); Threshold 2: Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to, the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (refer to Impact Statement 4.I-2); and/or Threshold 3: Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan (refer to Impact Statement 4.I-3). c. Project Design Features (1) Project Components
The project involves the review and consideration of Tentative Tract Map 36544 for the development of 292 single-family homes, including necessary infrastructure, open space, etc. In order to facilitate the development of the residential subdivision, the following approvals and/or entitlements are necessary:

Annexation of 394.8 acres from unincorporated Riverside County in the City of Corona’s SOI to the City of Corona;
General Plan Amendment to Corona’s General Plan Sphere of Influence Land Use Plan (West Sphere) to amend 394.8 acres from Rural Residential 1 (0.2 – 0.5 dwelling units/acre) to Low Density Residential (3-6 dwelling units/acre) on 357.14 acres and Open Space/General on 37.61 acres; Zoning text and map amendments, including 37.61 acres to an Open Space zone, 86.23 acres to an Agriculture zone, and 270.9 acres to R-1-7.2 (single-family residential, 7,200 square-foot minimum lot size) located in the city’s SOI (westerly sphere) to facilitate the annexation of property into the City of Corona; and
Approval of Tentative Tract Map 36544. Tentative Tract 36544 includes numerous lettered lots to be set aside for open space, slope landscaping, streets, and utilities. Forty-five lots would be developed to the north of Mabey Canyon and 247 lots would be developed to the south of Mabey Canyon. The residential development would occur in three phases. Phase I would consist of 157 homes to be located in the central and south sectors of the site, to the south of Mabey Canyon and along the future Trudy Way alignment. Phase II would consist of 90 homes to be constructed in the central sector of the site, south of Mabey Canyon and west of the Trudy Way alignment. Phase III would consist of 45 homes to be constructed in the north sector of the project site, north of Mabey Canyon. It is anticipated that the three phases would be completed by 2020.

The four U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services parcels within the annexation area and the open space parcel at the south edge of the annexation area would be maintained as permanent open space. This would allow permanent access to Skyline Drive and trails within the Cleveland National Forest. Open space would also be

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
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provided within the project site (Tentative Tract 36544) in the form of landscaped slopes, landscaped and native open space areas, and landscaped detention basins. (a) Vehicular Access, Circulation and Infrastructure Improvements The project would require the installation of roadway and intersection improvements, requiring street vacations, road closures, relocation of underground utilities, and other improvements. Vehicle access to the project would be from the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension, which would be constructed along the northeast side of the site. Access to the south edge of the project site would be via Trudy Way, which currently serves Subdivision Tract 31955. The central access point from the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension would be at “P” Street and access to the northerly sector would be via “B” Street, which would align with Border Avenue. The alignment of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension would require the dedication of approximately 21.38 acres from the 270.9-acre project site. “P” Street would be developed to meet “local collector,” 88-foot-wide standards. Eighty-eight-foot-wide “local collector” standards require a 16-foot-wide raised, landscaped median; two 24-foot-wide, two-lane roadways; five-foot-wide sidewalks; and seven-foot landscaped parkways. Trudy Way and “B” Street would be developed to meet “local collector,” 68-foot-wide standards. These “local collector” standards require a 44-foot-wide, four-lane roadway, five-foot-wide sidewalks, and seven-foot-wide landscaped parkways.

Interior streets would be developed to meet “local street,” 60-foot-wide or 56-foot-wide standards. “Local street” 60-foot-wide standards require four-foot-wide sidewalks and eight-foot-wide landscaped parkways. “Local street” 56-foot-wide standards require four-foot-wide sidewalks and six-foot-wide landscaped parkways.

The planned improvements for intersections completed by the project in conjunction with the City’s Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project include the following construction of the south leg of the Border Avenue at Foothill Parkway intersection to provide a shared northbound left-through right lane, construction of the south leg of the “P” Street at Foothill Parkway intersection to provide a shared northbound left-through right lane. (b) Landscaping
Landscaping would be included along the streetscapes and in open space areas. Twenty-four-inch boxed trees would be planted at a rate of one per lot or at 35 feet on center along street frontages. Approved tree species include ginko biloba, lagerstroemia indica, platanus acerifolia, quercus agrifolia, and rhus lancea. As shown in Figures 2-9 and 2-10 in Chapter 2 of this EIR, plantings on commonly-owned (HOA) and private slopes would be chosen from “Defensible Space Landscaping Plant Palette for Fuel Modification in Riverside County” guidelines and all trees and shrubs would be California Department of Water Resources “Water Use Classifications of Landscape Species” (WUCOLS) low water use. Irrigation would consist of point source drip or in-line drip irrigation. Overhead spray irrigation would not be permitted. Groundcovers would consist of three inches of “gorilla hair” mulch that would be spread evenly over all slope areas. Trees would be 15 gallons for each 400 square feet of slope. Shrubs would be two shrubs for each 64 square feet of slope: 60 percent would be one gallon and 40 percent would be five gallon. Approved trees and shrubs for common and private slopes are listed on Figures 2-9 and 2-10. Common open space recreation areas would be

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planted with WUCOLS low-water plants, as shown in Figures 2-9 and 2-10. Areas containing native open space would not be altered from existing conditions.

Detention basin areas would be planted with trees and shrubs to screen views of the basin at the perimeter.

The basin floor would be hydroseeded with an appropriate native mix to be determined. Approved trees and shrubs are listed on Figures 2-9 and 2-10.

Figure 2-11 in Chapter 2 illustrates a typical layout for common slopes and open space areas. As shown in Figure 2-11, five-foot walkways would enhance access to open space areas. Where views are available, the view corridor would be retained and an overlook area with seating would be provided. Open space would combine plant and tree species and provide for turf areas to enhance use and access.

Landscaping on private property would be consistent with City of Corona standards. One 15-gallon tree or larger is required for each 400 square feet of slope. No less than 50 percent of the trees shall be evergreens.

Two shrubs are required for each 64 feet of slope area. For groundcovers, rooted cuttings shall be planted at 12 inches on center minimum and 24 inches on center maximum, depending on the variety of groundcover.

Smaller trees and shrubs shall be planted at the top of the slope and larger trees and shrubs are to be planted further downslope to preserve views and lines of sight. Trees are to be planted near the property line to further frame the view.
(c) Grading
The grading operation entails cut and fill from the existing grades to the proposed ultimate roadway and pad grades within the project development within a single phase. The anticipated maximum cut and fill depths are 160 feet and 145 feet, respectively. The estimated earthwork volume to be moved is approximately 5,000,000 cubic yards. The site is designed to balance the cut and fill within the project site with no import or export of material.
d. Analysis of Project Impacts
(1) Physically Divide an Established Community
Threshold 1: Would the project physically divide an established community? Impact 4.I-1 The proposed project would not physically divide established residential communities in the vicinity of the project site. The Construction Traffic Management Plan would relegate haul traffic to major roadways and would not allow construction parking or staging in existing developed areas. The focus of project traffic at “P” Street would reduce project traffic through existing, adjacent residential neighborhoods. No existing uses would be removed and existing access to Skyline Drive and trails to the Cleveland National Forest would be retained. Impacts with respect to the physical division of an established community would be less than significant.

Construction
The project’s Construction Traffic Management Plan would require adherence to approved haul routes and provide a program for construction parking and staging. During the three construction phases, construction

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
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traffic would access the project site via the Foothill Parkway Extension and “P” Street. Vehicle parking and staging would be restricted to the project site and would not encroach on the Foothills Parkway Extension or surrounding, existing neighborhood streets. Haul routes would be limited to highways and would not encroach upon or disturb existing residential neighborhoods. Therefore, construction activities would not physically divide or disrupt an established community.

Operation
The proposed project would be located to the southwest of the Foothill Parkway Extension and adjacent to an existing subdivision, Tract Map 31955. The latter contains approximately 154 single-family residential lots and, as with the project, is located to the south of the Foothill Parkway. “P” Street, a proposed 88-foot right-of-way, divided “local collector” street would serve as a primary access into the northerly portion of the project. “B” Street and Trudy Way, which are proposed 68-foot right-of-way “local collector” streets, would serve as gated primary access to the southerly portion of the project. Although “P” Street would provide primary access, because the project contains no industrial or commercial uses, any vehicles from the project traversing Trudy Way through a portion of the adjacent subdivision would be related to the proposed residential use and not dissimilar in character to residential traffic in the existing neighborhood. Limited use of Trudy Way and the local residential character of the project’s traffic during operation would reduce the project’s traffic effects on the adjacent residential neighborhood. Therefore, the project would not divide or adversely disrupt the existing residential neighborhood in the vicinity of Trudy Way. The project’s third phase would be located in the area of “B” Street, which is aligned with Border Avenue to the north of the Foothill Parkway Extension. The extension of the Foothill Parkway Extension to Green River Road and use of “B” Street would reduce through traffic from the project onto Border Avenue. Therefore, the project would not divide or adversely disrupt the existing residential neighborhood in the vicinity of Border Avenue.

The proposed project would not require the removal of existing land uses and would not alter current access to existing land uses within the annexation area including access to Skyline Trail, which is a recognized and designated public access trail. As shown below in Figure 4.I-1, Skyline Trail Alignment, and Figure 4.I-2, Skyline Trail Access and Trailhead Location, while the project would be developed near the existing Skyline Trail, and two limited segments of the trail alignment are contained within the annexation area and the 270.9-acre project site, respectively, the project is not anticipated to directly or indirectly affect trail access or operation. Specifically, the southernmost portion of the annexation area contains an unpaved segment of the trail immediately west of an existing gate and three handicapped-accessible parking spaces at the intersection of Skyline Drive and Borrero Way, while another unpaved trail segment at a higher elevation to the west is located within the project site (southern edge of APN 275-070-003). However, no physical changes to these areas would occur as part of the project, and therefore implementation of the project would not result in direct adverse effects on the trail or otherwise affect trail access. Furthermore, the trail would not be accessible directly from the project site, given steep topography and intervening development (see Figure 4.I-2).

Skyline Trail Alignment FIGURE
Skyline Heights Project 4.I-1
Source: KWC Engineers, 2015. 0 160 Feet N

Skyline Trail Access and Trailhead Loca on FIGURE
Skyline Heights Project 4.I-2
Source: KWC Engineers, 2015. 0 800 Feet N

TRAILHEAD
ACCESS
POINT

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Additionally, while future project residents would likely utilize the existing trail facilities in the area for recreation, including the adjacent Skyline Trail, the increase in trail use associated with the project is expected to be nominal relative to the existing trail usage, and thus it is not expected that the project would result in measurable degradation of the trail. As such, the project would not adversely affect existing routing or substantially increase the use of Skyline Drive or the Skyline Trail itself, which currently provides regional trail access to the Cleveland National Forest.

Other existing residential and non-residential land uses in the area would be located to the north of the Foothill Parkway Extension and would not be affected by the project’s street layout or access plan.

Therefore, the project would not divide or adversely disrupt existing residential neighborhoods to the north of the Foothill Parkway Extension. Impacts with respect to the physical division of an established community would be less than significant.
(2) Consistency with Applicable Plans and Policies
Threshold 2: Would the project conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?
Impact 4.I-2 The proposed project would result in less than significant land use impacts with regard to consistency with the CKH Act, SCAG’s Regional Comprehensive Plan, RTP/SCS and Compass Blueprint Growth Vision, and the City of Corona General Plan. With the approval of the requested amendments to the General Plan existing inconsistencies between the General Plan and uses on the project site would be resolved.
(a) Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 The project must meet the criteria for annexation set forth under the CKH Act. Under this regulation, Riverside LAFCO acts within a set of state-mandated parameters encouraging "planned, well-ordered, efficient urban development patterns," the preservation of open-space lands, and the discouragement of urban sprawl. The Legislature has taken care to guide the actions of the LAFCOs by providing statewide policies and priorities for the consideration of annexations (Government Code Section 56844), and by establishing criteria for the delineation of spheres of influence (Government Code Section 56425).

Table 4.1-1, Comparison of the Proposed Annexation to Required LAFCO Consideration Factors, compares the consistency of the proposed annexation to factors under State law that must be considered by LAFCO in making a determination in the suitability of an annexation. As shown in Table 4.I-1, the project would be consistent with the population density and land area, and land use consideration factors in that population density would not exceed SCAG’s RTP projections and the site is located within the City’s SOI and is a mutually determined site for future development by LAFCO, the City, the County, and SCAG in accordance with the local government structure of the county. The proposed annexation would provide open space and would conserve access to Skyline Drive, which serves as trail access to the Cleveland National Forest to the region and thus, serve social interests of the area. The proposed subdivision would contribute approximately 21.38 acres for the City’s Foothill Parkway Extension and, thus, serve mutual economic

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interests. With the implementation of project design features, government services would be adequate to serve the proposed project.

The proposed annexation would provide open space and would conserve access to Skyline Drive, which serves as trail access to the Cleveland National Forest to the region and, thus, would serve social interests of the area. The proposed subdivision associated with the annexation would provide approximately 21.38 acres for the City’s Foothill Parkway Extension and, thus, serve mutual economic interests.

The area proposed for development is adjacent to an existing residential subdivision in the R-1-7.2 zone (the same as requested for the proposed subdivision) within the City of Corona and directly across the proposed Foothill Parkway Extension from similar residential development within the City. The contiguity of the annexation site to existing development and the City boundary would provide for an orderly, efficient pattern of urban development. Also, because the annexation area is within an approved SOI, it would be consistent with state policies and priorities for conversion of open-space lands to other uses.

With regard to agricultural preserves, lands within the annexation area are not contained within agricultural preserves. However, 86.23 acres would be zoned Agriculture and 37.61 acres would be zoned Open Space.

Under the proposed zoning, approximately 64.3 percent of the annexation area (394.8 acres) would be developed and 35.39 percent would be retained as agricultural or open space land. The proposed annexation comprises contiguous properties and would not create islands or corridors of unincorporated territory. With regard to general plan consistency, the proposed annexation is located within the City of Corona’s General Plan as an SOI area proposed for single-family residences and agricultural uses. The proposed subdivision is consistent in density (du/acre) with adjacent residential subdivisions within the City.

Government Code Section 56375(a)(4)(B), requires the LAFCO annex a property where it is located within an urban service area that has been delineated and adopted by a commission, which is not prime agricultural land, as defined by Section 56064, and is designated for urban growth by the general plan of the annexing city. Such is the case here, the proposed annexation area is adjacent to the City boundary to the north and east, is not designated as prime agricultural land, is located in the City of Corona SOI and designated for future development, and is located with the City of Corona’s service area.

As shown in Table 4.I-1, the proposed annexation would be substantially consistent with existing requirements and consideration factors. Because the proposed annexation would be substantially consistent with existing regulations of the CKH Act, the impact with respect to this regulation would be less than significant.

Table 4.I-1
Comparison of the Proposed Annexation to Required LAFCO Consideration Factors Factor
Evaluation of Project Consistency in Meeting Required
Consideration Factors

1. Population, population density, land area and use, per capita assessed valuation, topography, natural
boundaries, drainage basins, proximity to populated
Consistent. The effect of population density with
respect to SCAG’s RTP projections, land use, topography, natural boundaries, proximity to populated areas and

December 2015 4.I. Land Use and Planning
Table 4.I-1 (Continued)
Comparison of the Proposed Annexation to Required LAFCO Consideration Factors City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
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Factor
Evaluation of Project Consistency in Meeting Required
Consideration Factors
areas, and the likelihood of significant growth during the next ten years.
other concerns are addressed in Chapter 2, Project
Description; Section 4.E, Geology and Soils; Section 4.K, Population, Housing, and Employment; and other
applicable sections of this EIR and, thus, provide
information to decision-makers regarding the effects of annexation.

2. Need for organized community services, present cost
and adequacy of government services and controls,
probable future needs, probable effect of the annexation and of alternative courses of action on the cost and
adequacy of services and controls in the area and
vicinity.

Consistent. The effect of the annexation on community
services is evaluated in Sections 4.L, Public Services, and

4.N, Utilities, of this EIR. As described therein, with the implementation of project design features, government
services would be adequate to serve the proposed
project.

3. The effect of the proposed annexation and of
alternative actions on adjacent areas, on mutual social and economic interests and on the local government
structure of the county.

Consistent. The annexation area is located within the
City’s SOI and is, thus, a mutually determined site for future development by LAFCO, the City, the County, and
SCAG in accordance with the local government structure
of the county. The proposed annexation would provide
open space and would conserve access to Skyline Drive,
which serves as trail access to the Cleveland National
Forest to the region and thus, serve social interests of the area. The proposed subdivision would contribute
approximately 21.38 acres for the City’s Foothill
Parkway Extension and, thus, serve mutual economic
interests.

4. Conformity of the proposal and its effects with LAFCO policies on providing planned, orderly, efficient patterns of urban development and with state policies and
priorities in conversion of open-space lands to other
uses.

Consistent. The proposed annexation is located in the
City of Corona’s SOI and adjacent to the existing city
boundary. The area proposed for development is
adjacent to an existing residential subdivision in the R-1-

7.2 zone (the same as requested for the proposed
subdivision) within the City of Corona and directly
across the proposed Foothill Parkway Extension from
similar residential development within the City. The
contiguity of the annexation site to existing development and the City boundary would provide for an orderly,
efficient pattern of urban development. Also, because
the annexation area is within an approved SOI, it would be consistent with state policies and priorities for
conversion of open-space lands to other uses.

Approximately 86.23 acres would be zoned for
agricultural uses and 37.61 acres would be zoned for
open space. Under the proposed zoning, approximately

64.3 percent of the annexation area (394.8 acres) would be developed and 35.39 percent would be retained as
agricultural or open space land.

5. Effect of the proposal on maintaining the physical and economic integrity of lands in an agricultural preserve in open-space use.

Consistent. Lands within the annexation area are not
contained within agricultural preserves. However, 86.23 acres would be zoned Agriculture and 37.61 acres would

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Comparison of the Proposed Annexation to Required LAFCO Consideration Factors City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
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Factor
Evaluation of Project Consistency in Meeting Required
Consideration Factors
be zoned Open Space.

6. Clarity of the boundaries of the territory, the
nonconformance of proposed boundaries with lines of
assessment or ownership, the creation of islands or
corridors of unincorporated territory and other similar matters affecting the proposed boundaries.

Consistent. The proposed annexation comprises
contiguous properties and would not create islands or
corridors of unincorporated territory.

7. Consistency with appropriate city or county general
and specific plans.

Consistent. The proposed annexation is located within
the City of Corona’s General Plan as an SOI area
proposed for single-family residences and agricultural
uses. The proposed subdivision zoning is consistent in
density (du/acre) with adjacent residential subdivisions within the City.

8. The sphere of influence of any agency which may be
applicable to the proposal being reviewed.

Consistent. The proposed annexation area is located
within the City of Corona Sphere of Influence.

9. The comments of any affected agency. Consistent. This Draft EIR and the annexation application would be circulated for city, county, and
state agency review.

Government Code Section 56375(a): 1. The land is substantially surrounded by the city or the Pacific Ocean, is substantially developed or
developing, is not prime agricultural land, is
designated for urban growth on the city's general
plan, and is not within the sphere of influence of
another city.

Consistent. The proposed annexation area is adjacent
to the City boundary to the north and east. It is not
designated as prime agricultural land. However,
approximately 86.23 acres would be zoned for future
agricultural purposes. The site is located in the City of Corona SOI and designated for future development.

2. The land is located within an urban service area
designated by the LAFCO, is not prime agricultural
land, and is designated for urban growth on the
city's general plan.

Consistent. The proposed annexation area is located
with the City of Corona’s service area and contiguous to existing City boundaries. It is designated for future
development in the City’s general plan.

Source: PCR Services Corporation, 2014.
(b) SCAG Regional Plans and Programs
The project site is currently undeveloped land located within the City of Corona SOI, as defined by the City of Corona, Riverside LAFCO and SCAG. The current land use designation of the project site (site of proposed residential development) in unincorporated Riverside County is Rural Mountainous (RM), which allows single-family residential development up to one dwelling unit per 10 acres (minimum 10-acre lot size).

Adjacent residential land uses in the City of Corona are zoned R1-7.2 (single-family with a 7,200-square-foot minimum lot size), similar to the proposed 3 to 6 units per acre proposed by the project. The project site is also located within a Compass Blueprint 2% Strategy Area, which anticipates future growth. The project would be consistent with SCAG objectives to focus growth in existing and emerging centers and along major transportation corridors and to preserve existing open space and stable residential areas. As described

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above, the Compass Blueprint 2% Strategy calls for modest changes to current land use and transportation trends on only 2% of the land area of the region. The Growth Visioning effort encourages densification of job growth and population activity in proximity to certain transportation facilities. The project site is located in the City of Corona SOI, which as is the City of Corona, served by regional freeways (I-15 and SR-91) and transit (Corona’s Metrolink station) and is within a target area that, if developed at higher density, would help serve the mobility, livability, prosperity and sustainability goals of the Growth Vision for the region.

The proposed annexation provides for the preservation of open space parcels and continued access to trails via Skyline Drive to the Cleveland National Forest. The proposed subdivision incorporates permanent, common open space areas that would preserve views and enhance the natural setting. The project would also be within the anticipated growth projected by SCAG’s RTP/SCS for the local, subregional, and regional areas, respectively, between the years of 2008 and 2035 (see Section 4.K, of this EIR). Because the project would be located within an area anticipated for future growth and consistent with the principals of SCAG regional plans and policies, it would have a less than significant impact with respect to SGAG regional plans and policies.
(c) City of Corona General Plan
The 394.8-acre annexation area, which includes the 270.9-acre project site, is currently within unincorporated Riverside County and the City of Corona SOI. Most of the SOI is designated under the current Riverside County General Plan as Rural Mountainous (RM), which allows for residential development at a density of one dwelling unit per ten acres, with the remaining portion designated as Conservation-Habitat (OS-CH). While the County’s land use designations for the project site and larger annexation area are currently in force, the City’s General Plan also designates the property as Rural Residential I (0.2-0.5 dwelling units per acre) and Open Space/General (OS/G), respectively, for the same parcels, since these parcels are located within the City’s SOI. The Land Use chapter of the General Plan provides guidance for the City of Corona and its SOI. It defines how lands are to be used, the density, intensity, and physical form and character of development and a strategy that articulates where growth will occur and what lands will be conserved.

Implementation of the proposed project would require an amendment to Corona’s General Plan to incorporate the annexed portion (394.8 acres) of the SOI within the City of Corona boundary and to change the land use designation from the County’s Rural Mountainous (RM) designation and the City’s Rural Residential I (0.2 - 0.5 dwelling units/acre) designation to Low Density Residential (LDR), with a density of 3-6 dwelling units per acre on 357.19 acres, and Open Space/General on 37.61 acres.

The proposed change in land use designations for the 270.9-acre project site would be consistent with existing, adjacent residential uses, which are designated as LDR and Estate Residential (ER, with a density of 1 to 3 dwelling units per acre) within the City of Corona, as well as the existing open space and agricultural uses in the annexation area, but outside the project site. As presented in Table 4.I-2, General Plan Consistency Analysis, the proposed project would be consistent with all of the applicable goals and policies of the General Plan, including those related to provision of additional housing opportunities, preservation of open space and sensitive habitat areas, adequacy of public services and infrastructure, mobility and accessibility, and sustainability and natural resource conservation.

As such, the project would be consistent with the City’s General Plan and impacts in this regard would be less than significant.

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
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Table 4.I-2
General Plan Consistency Analysis
Goals and Policies Evaluation of Project Consistency
Community Development – Land Use
Goal 1.1 – A community that contains a diversity of land uses that supports the needs of and provides a high
quality of life for its residents, sustains and enhances the City’s economy and fiscal balance, is supported by
adequate community infrastructure and services, and is
compatible with the environmental setting and
resources.

Consistent. The proposed project would require an
amendment to the General Plan require an amendment to
Corona’s General Plan to incorporate the annexed portion (394.8 acres) of the SOI within the City of Corona
boundary and to change the City’s land use designation
from Rural Residential I (0.2 - 0.5 dwelling units/acre) to Low Density Residential (3-6 dwelling units per acre) on 357.14 acres and Open Space/ General on 37.61 acres.

Specific zoning on the project site (270.9 acres) would be R-1-7.2 (single-family residential with a minimum lot size of 7,200 square feet). The remainder of the annexation
site would be zoned Agriculture (86.23 acres) and Open
Space (37.61 acres). The General Plan Amendment
would allow for the development of 292 single-family
homes and the preservation of permanent open space.

New single-family housing in the City of Corona would
expand the City’s range of land uses and support the
needs of the community, while providing a high quality of life for its residents. As discussed in Section 4.N, Utilities and Service Systems, of this EIR, water, drainage and
sewer lines are available in the area to serve the project.

Impacts to biological and cultural resources and
transportation systems would be reduced to less than
significant levels through the implementation of design features and mitigation measures described in Sections

4.C, 4.D, and 4.M. of this EIR. The project would not result in adverse impacts and, as such, would be compatible with the environmental setting and resources. Policy 1.1.1 – Accommodate uses that support the diverse needs of Corona’s residents including
opportunities for living, commerce, employment,
recreation, education, culture, entertainment, civic
engagement, and social and spiritual activity that are in balance with natural open spaces.

Consistent. The project provides housing and, thus,
provides new living space in Corona. In addition, the
project preserves open space as well as maintaining
access to existing trails (via Skyline Drive) to the
Cleveland National Forest and, as such, would be
consistent with the objectives of the General Plan to
maintain a balance between development and natural
open space.

Policy 1.1.4 -Accommodate the types, densities, and mix of land uses that can be adequately supported by
transportation and utility infrastructure (water, sewer, etc.) and public services (schools, parks, libraries, etc.) Consistent. The project increases the City housing stock and mix of housing while being adequately supported by
transportation and utility infrastructure (Section 4.N, Utilities and Service Systems) and public services (see Section 4.L, Public Services) of this EIR.

Policy 1.1.5 – Accommodate uses that in balance with
the preservation and conservation of open spaces for
recreation, aesthetic relief, natural resource value, and public safety (such as floodways, seismic fault zones,
and other.

Consistent. The annexation provides permanent open
space parcels between the subdivision development and
surrounding areas, as well as incorporating open space
features within the proposed subdivision, that provide
for recreation and natural resource value. As discussed in Sections 4.H, Hydrology and Water Quality, and 4.E,

December 2015 4.I. Land Use and Planning
Table 4.I-2 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
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Goals and Policies Evaluation of Project Consistency
Geology, the project would provide adequate drainage
and retention of surface flow, would not locate
residences with canyon drainage areas or in proximity to active fault zones.

Goal 1.2 – A cohesive and integrated City comprised of
distinct and vital commercial and business districts and livable residential neighborhoods, which are correlated with supporting transportation and utility infrastructure and sustain natural open spaces, hillsides, and canyons.

Consistent. The project would provide a livable
residential neighborhood that is supported by regional
roadways, adequate utility infrastructure, and permanent open space, hillsides, and canyons within and around the proposed residential subdivision.

Policy 1.2.1 – Locate and design development to
reflect Corona’s unique physical setting considering its natural topography, environmental resources, natural
hazards, and opportunities for views in accordance with this Plan’s policies for Natural Resources and Public
Safety.

Consistent. The project, which would locate homes
within a hillside area, would minimize grading activities by following the natural topography of the area to the
extent feasible. Natural hazards, such as canyon drainage areas would be avoided and opportunities for views from open space areas within the subdivision would be
enhanced by public viewing areas. Landscape plans are
designed to avoid view blockage.

Policy 1.2.2 – Require that land uses be located and
designed to reflect and incorporate the property’s
natural drainage courses, to the extent feasible in
consideration of public safety and habitat preservation.

Consistent. The project would be designed to avoid deep drainage courses, which providing for habitat
preservation in permanent open space areas to the extent feasible (see Sections 4.C, Biological Resources, and 4.H, Hydrology, of this EIR). Goal 1.3 - Development pattern that retains and complements the City’s important residential
neighborhoods, commercial and industrial districts, and open spaces.

Consistent. The annexation would support open space
by providing permanent open space parcels and trail
access to the Cleveland National Forest via Skyline Drive.

The proposed density would be consistent with existing
residential development in the area and would not
detract from the City’s existing residential
neighborhoods.

Policy 1.3.1 - Permit land use development consistent
with the Land Use Plan, as depicted in Figure 3. The
following indicates the primary land use categories and the densities/intensities and, where appropriate,
heights to be permitted. Public uses may be permitted in any land use designation, consistent with Policy 1.15.2.

Consistent. Although lands within the SOI are not
depicted in Figure 3 of the General Plan, the project
would be consistent with adjacent land use and zoning
designations within the City boundary, as shown in
Figure 3, including the LDR, ER, and OS/G land use
designations and open space and R-1-7.2 zoning within
the adjacent subdivisions. Goal 1.4 – Strategic growth that preserves existing viable residential neighborhoods and commercial and
industrial districts and targets new development to
remaining vacant parcels that are environmentally
suitable and can be supported by infrastructure and
services and reuses appropriate properties to enhance
their economic vitality and community livability.

Consistent. The project would not occur in existing
residential areas or affect existing neighborhoods. The site is a vacant parcel within the City’s SOI that is slated for residential development and, as discussed in Sections

4.L, Public Services, and 4.N, Utilities and Service
Systems, of this Draft EIR, is supported by existing
infrastructure and services. No existing land uses would be redeveloped or reused.

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
Table 4.I-2 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
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Goals and Policies Evaluation of Project Consistency
Policy 1.4.8 – Require that development occur only when the public infrastructure and services needed to support that development are available, will be provided concurrently, or are committed to be provided within a reasonable time frame where this would not incur adverse impacts on current
infrastructure and services, to the extent permitted by State law.

Consistent. As analyzed in Sections 4.L, Public Services, 4.M, Transportation, and 4.N, Utilities and Service Systems, of this Draft EIR, the project would ensure that adequate infrastructure and services are available to accommodate the demand generated by the project and no adverse
impacts would occur due to project development.

Goal 1.5 – Distinct neighborhoods and districts that
contribute to the identity, character, and image of
Corona as a vital, livable, diverse, innovative, and
environmentally sustainable community.

Consistent. The project would provide a high quality
residential neighborhood, which combines residential
development, well- maintained landscaping and street
design, in combination with permanent open space, that
would contribute to the character and image of Corona as a livable and environmentally sustainable community.

Policy 1.5.1 – Promote the development of residential
neighborhoods, commercial and industrial districts, and public places that are distinguished by their physical
design, image, effectiveness in nurturing community
socialization and economic activity, and perception as
valued places by residents, business persons, and visitors to the City.

Consistent. As discussed in Chapter 2, Project
Description, of this EIR, the project would incorporate specific design features that include high quality
landscaping and street design, common landscaped areas
and view locations, and permanent open space that
would be valued by the residents of the area and visitors.

Policy 1.5.11 – Require the submittal and approval of
landscape plans for all development projects.

Consistent. A concept landscape plan would be
submitted as part of the permit application. Landscape
treatments would include trees, shrubs, and potted
plantings, street layouts and design, building setbacks and heights that would be consistent with the project’s landscape plan and Corona Municipal Code. Landscaping
materials will include WUCOLS drought resistant, lowwater-demand vegetation.

Goal 1.7 – Residential neighborhoods that contain a
diversity of housing and supporting uses to meet the
needs of Corona’s residents that are designed to
enhance livability and a high quality of life.

Consistent. The proposed project would provide
additional single-family housing units within the City, which would help the City meet its current and future
RHNA goals. Additionally, the proposed residential
development would include various improvements such
as new roads, open space areas, landscaping, and other
features that are intended to enhance livability of on-site residents and provide a high quality of life.

Goal 1.7 - Residential neighborhoods that contain a
diversity of housing and supporting uses to meet the
needs of Corona’s residents that are designed to
enhance livability and a high quality of life.

Consistent. The residential project would focus on
single-family homes in various sizes. Although only
containing single-family homes, the project would
contribute to the City’s overall variety and diversity of high quality housing stock and, thus, enhance livability and quality of life in the community.

December 2015 4.I. Land Use and Planning
Table 4.I-2 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
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Goals and Policies Evaluation of Project Consistency
Policy 1.7.10 - Require that fencing in residential
neighborhoods meet high aesthetic and safety standards
in consideration of the following principles: - Fencing should not obstruct vehicle sight lines - Fencing should be compatible with the architectural design of nearby structures - Fencing should make a positive contribution to the character of the neighborhood
Consistent. Development plans for the project
incorporate fencing and wall plans. These include
masonry and iron features that contribute to the
character of the subdivision and are encoded in HOA
requirements.

Goal 1.9 Development of new residential
neighborhoods that complement existing neighborhoods
and assure a high level of livability for their residents.

Consistent. The project would be consistent with
zoning, lot size, density with the adjacent residential neighborhood to the east (Subdivision Tract 31955) and
with similar single family neighborhoods to the north of the Foothill Parkway Extension. As with the project,
these neighborhoods offer a high level of livability for their residents because of views, lot sizes, and high
quality new construction.

Policy 1.9.1 - Accommodate the development of new
residential neighborhoods in areas depicted by the Land Use Plan and Growth and Development Policy Plan that
contain a diversity of housing and supporting schools,
parks, and other amenities.

Consistent. The project would be located in an SOI area that anticipates new residential development. As
discussed in Section 4.L, Public Services, of this EIR, the project would either not impact or would provide
support for schools, parks, and other services.

Policy 1.9.2 - Promote the development of master
planned communities that integrate a diversity of
housing, parks, schools, trails, open spaces, and other elements into a distinct place. Establish a development pattern that ties together individual parcels into a
cohesive whole addressing the location and massing of
buildings, architecture, landscape, connective pedestrian trails, use of key landmarks, and similar elements.

Consistent. The project would be developed as a unified whole, containing pedestrian routes and pathways,
common open space and other amenities. The scale of
the development is not adequate to support public
schools, however, common open space would be
provided. The main entrances at “B” Street and “P” Street would feature a landmark to distinguish the residential community.

Goal 1.10 - Development of low-density residential
neighborhoods in areas on the City’s southern periphery that preserve the rural and open space character of their setting.

Consistent. The project would be a low-density
residential neighborhood within the southwestern
periphery of the City and characterized by its rural and open space setting.

Policy 1.10.1 - Accommodate the development of low- density single-family housing that reflects and maintains the rural character of Corona’s foothills and canyons, in accordance with the Land Use Plan’s designations and
applicable density standards and design and
development policies.

Consistent. The project would be a low-density singlefamily residential neighborhood that is characterized by its rural and open space setting. The subdivision would incorporate open space and pedestrian trails, as well as landscape and view standards that would enhance the
experience of the setting for residents.

Policy 1.10.2 - Require that development projects be
located and designed to maintain predominant
topographic forms, contours, and elevations, in the City’s foothills and canyons, in accordance with Policies

10.21.2 and 10.21.3. Consistent. The project would be designed to maintain predominant topographic forms, contours, and elevations in accordance with Policies 10.21.2 and 10.21.3.

Policy 1.10.3 - Minimize the removal of native
landscape and integrate with new residential
development, to .the extent feasible and practical for fire control.

Consistent; The project would preserve native
landscape in natural open space areas (see Section 4.C, Biological Resources) to the extent feasible. Because of the configuration of the subdivision, much of the
subdivision would be integrated into the surrounding
habitat to the extent that it is practicable and fire control is maintained.

4.I. Land Use and Planning December 2015
Table 4.I-2 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
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Goals and Policies Evaluation of Project Consistency
Policy 1.10.4 - Site and design development to maintain natural drainages and habitats, except as necessary to
assure flood control.

Consistent. – Under the proposed subdivision plan,
building development would be set back from (not
encroach into) Mabey Canyon, a major drainage that
divides the site. Natural drainage would be maintained
to the extent feasible.

Policy 1.10.5 - Establish community design standards
that reflect the rural character such as the use of wood or stone fences, limited sidewalks, extensive street
landscape, low levels of street lighting, and similar
techniques.

Consistent. – The proposed subdivision would
incorporate project design features, mitigation measures and the City’s Development Plan review to ensure that
development reflects the character of the area. The
proposed landscape plan calls for extensive street
landscape and common open space that enhance views of
the natural setting and hills.

Goal 1.16 - Open spaces that provide Corona’s residents with opportunities to enjoy the natural environment,
provide visual “relief” from urban development, protect significant plant and animal habitats, and protect
development from natural environmental hazards.

Consistent. The proposed annexation would provide

37.61 acres of designated “open space” land and 86.23
acres of designated “agriculture” land that would be
conserved for open space or agricultural purposes. In
addition, the proposed subdivision would incorporate
common open space areas. These areas would provide
visual “relief,” protect significant plant and animal
habitats, e protect development from natural
environmental hazards. Policy 1.16.2 - Require the dedication of additional open spaces in new residential subdivisions and other
applicable development, where necessary, to preserve
the natural topography, plant and animal habitats, and
flooding and drainage corridors in accordance with
subsequent policies of this Plan
Consistent. The project would largely preserve Mabey
Canyon, a major drainage, and other surrounding
topographic features and conserve habitat in drainages
(See Section 4.H, Hydrology, of this EIR. The proposed
subdivision would also incorporate common open space
areas on the periphery of the developed area. Infrastructure and Public Services – Energy Policy 7.11.1 – Require that new development is
approved contingent upon its ability to be served with
adequate natural gas facilities and infrastructure.

Consistent. Natural gas lines are currently located in the surrounding street system that would provide service to the site.

Policy 7.12.1 – Require that new development is
approved contingent upon the ability to be served with
adequate electrical facilities and service.

Consistent. Electrical facilities are currently located both on- and off-site. Policy 7.12.3 – Continue to provide for the undergrounding of new and existing electrical
distribution lines unless it is determined not to be
economically or practically feasible as a result of
significant environmental or other constraints.

Consistent. Utilities serving the project site would be located underground.

Infrastructure and Public Services – Telecommunications Policy 7.13.1 – Require that new development be
approved contingent upon its ability to be served by
adequate telecommunication and other supporting
infrastructure.

Consistent. Telecommunication infrastructure currently
exists in the area and would be available to serve the site.

Source: City of Corona General Plan, 2004 as amended; ICF International, 2013; and PCR Services Corporation, 2013.

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(3) Conflict with Habitat Conservation Plan
Threshold 3: Would the project conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan?
Impact 4.I-3 The proposed project would not conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan. The project site is located within the Temescal Canyon Area Plan of the WRC MSHCP. The payment of a development mitigation fee is intended to provide full mitigation. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

As discussed in detail in Section 4.C, Biological Resources, of this Draft EIR, the project site is located within the Temescal Canyon Area Plan of the WRC MSHCP and would comply with the WRC MSHCP. The project site is not within a Criteria Cell, nor is it within the Narrow Endemic Plant Species, Criteria Area Species, Amphibian Species, or Mammal Species Survey Areas. The project is also not located within a MSHCP designated Core or Linkage and will not impact overall Reserve Assembly goals, although the project does adjoin PQP (public quasi-public) and would isolate a 10-acre PQP parcel. None of the identified Planning Species for the Temescal Canyon Area Plan have been located within the survey area. The project site is located within the Burrowing Owl Survey Area and focused surveys were conducted for this species; however, no burrowing owls were found on-site. The project site is located outside the Stephens’ kangaroo rat mitigation fee area and the SKR HCP. Project implementation would be carried out in compliance with the WRC MSHCP as relates to (1) core and linkage areas, (2) PQP lands, (3) burrowing owl habitat areas, (4) riparian/riverine habitat areas, and (5) urban/wildland interface areas. The Applicant would pay the required MSHCP development mitigation fee.

Payment of the WRC MSHCP development mitigation fee is required for the undeveloped/vacant areas within the project boundaries. The fee is intended to provide full mitigation under CEQA, NEPA, CESA, and FESA for impacts on the species and habitats covered by the WRC MSHCP, pursuant to agreements with USFWS and CDFG, as set forth in the implementing agreement for the MSHCP. Therefore, the proposed project would be considered consistent with the WRC MSHCP and impacts would be less than significant.

3. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
Development of the proposed project is not anticipated to result in cumulatively significant land use impacts relative to compliance with the applicable objectives, goals, principles, policies, actions or standards of the SCAG RCP, SCAG RTP/SCS, SCAG Compass Blueprint Growth Vision, City of Corona General Plan, or City of Corona Municipal Code. Any current and future development projects within the City of Corona would be subject to environmental review on a project-by-project basis to evaluate consistency with applicable plans, policies, and regulations as well as the potential to divide a community or conflict with applicable conservation plans. As part of environmental review of individual projects, mitigation would be provided to address any physical impacts due to plan inconsistency. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to land use impacts associated with dividing a community or plan inconsistencies and cumulative impacts would be less than significant.

4.I. Land Use and Planning – PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – December 2015 City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
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4. MITIGATION MEASURES
With the approval of the General Plan Map Amendment, Zoning Map and Text Amendment, Tentative Tract Map, and project design features described in other sections of this EIR, the project would not conflict with relevant land use plans, policies and regulations. Therefore, impacts related to land use and planning would be less than significant and no mitigation measures are required.

5. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION
Project-related and cumulative impacts associated with land use and planning would be less than significant.

City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
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4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
J. NOISE

INTRODUCTION
This section describes noise and groundborne vibration fundamentals, relevant regulations, and existing conditions associated with noise. Based on applicable thresholds of significance, the section also analyzes the potential impacts of project construction and operational noise on noise sensitive land uses in the vicinity of the project site. Information in this section is largely based on information and findings obtained in the Noise Impact Analysis Skyline Heights Project (“Noise Study”), prepared by First Carbon Solutions/Michael Brandman Associates, dated April 24, 2014. The Noise Study is contained in Appendix I of this EIR.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
a. Noise Fundamentals
Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Sound becomes unwanted when it interferes with normal activities, when it causes actual physical harm or when it has adverse effects on health. Sound is produced by the vibration of sound pressure waves in the air. Sound pressure levels are used to measure the intensity of sound and are described in terms of decibels. The decibel (“dB”) is a logarithmic unit, which expresses the ratio of the sound pressure level being measured to a standard reference level. A-weighted decibels (“dBA”) approximate the subjective response of the human ear to a broad frequency noise source by discriminating against very low and very high frequencies of the audible spectrum. They are adjusted to reflect only those frequencies that are audible to the human ear.
(1) Noise Descriptors
Noise equivalent sound levels are not measured directly, but are calculated from sound pressure levels typically measured in dBA. The equivalent sound level (“Leq”) represents a steady state sound level containing the same total energy as a time varying signal over a given sample period. The peak traffic hour Leq is the noise metric used by California Department of Transportation (“Caltrans”) for all traffic noise impact analyses.

The Day-Night Average Sound Level (“Ldn”) is the weighted average of the intensity of a sound, with corrections for time of day, and averaged over 24 hours. The time-of-day corrections require the addition of ten dBs to sound levels at night between 10 P.M. and 7 A.M. While the Community Noise Equivalent Level (“CNEL”) is similar to the Ldn, except that it has another addition of 4.77 dB to sound levels during the evening hours between 7 P.M. and 10 P.M. These additions are made to the sound levels at these times because during the evening and nighttime hours, when compared to daytime hours, there is a decrease in the ambient noise levels, which creates an increased sensitivity to sounds. For this reason the sound is perceived to be louder in the evening and nighttime hours and is weighted accordingly. Many cities rely on the CNEL noise standard to assess transportation-related impacts on noise sensitive land uses.

Another noise descriptor that is used primarily for the assessment of aircraft noise impacts is the Sound Exposure Level, which is also called the Single Event Level (“SEL”). The SEL descriptor represents the

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acoustic energy of a single event (i.e., an aircraft overflight) normalized to one-second event duration. This is useful for comparing the acoustical energy of different events involving different durations of the noise sources. The SEL is based on an integration of the noise during the period when the noise first rises within 10 dBA of its maximum value and last falls below 10 dBA of its maximum value. The SEL is often 10 dBA greater, or more, than the LMAX since the SEL logarithmetically adds the Leq for each second of the duration of the noise.
(2) Tone Noise
A pure tone noise is a noise produced at a single frequency and laboratory tests have shown the humans are more perceptible to changes in noise levels of a pure tone. For a noise source to contain a “pure tone,” there must be a significantly higher A-weighted sound energy in a given frequency band than in the neighboring bands, thereby causing the noise source to “stand out” against other noise sources. A pure tone occurs if the sound pressure level in the one-third octave band with the tone exceeds the average of the sound pressure levels of the two contagious one-third octave bands by 5 dB for center frequencies of 500 Hertz (“Hz”) and above; by 8 dB for center frequencies between 160 and 400 Hz; and by 15 dB for center frequencies of 125 Hz or less. (3) Noise Propagation
From the noise source to the receiver, noise changes both in level and frequency spectrum. The most obvious is the decrease in noise as the distance from the source increases. The manner in which noise reduces with distance depends on whether the source is a point or line source as well as ground absorption, atmospheric effects and refraction, and shielding by natural and manmade features. Sound from point sources, such as air conditioning condensers, radiate uniformly outward as it travels away from the source in a spherical pattern. The noise drop-off rate associated with this geometric spreading is 6 dBA per each doubling of the distance (“dBA/DD”). Transportation noise sources such as roadways are typically analyzed as line sources, since at any given moment the receiver may be impacted by noise from multiple vehicles at various locations along the roadway. Because of the geometry of a line source, the noise drop-off rate associated with the geometric spreading of a line source is 3 dBA/DD. (4) Ground Absorption
The sound drop-off rate is highly dependent on the conditions of the land between the noise source and receiver. To account for this ground-effect attenuation (absorption), two types of site conditions are commonly used in traffic noise models: soft-site and hard-site conditions. Soft-site conditions account for the sound propagation loss over natural surfaces such as normal earth and ground vegetation. For point sources, a drop-off rate of 7.5 dBA/DD is typically observed over soft ground with landscaping, as compared with a 6.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate over hard ground such as asphalt, concrete, stone and very hard packed earth. For line sources a 4.5 dBA/DD is typically observed for soft-site conditions compared to the 3.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate for hard-site conditions. To be conservative, hard-site conditions were used in this analysis.
(5) Traffic Noise Prediction
The level of traffic noise depends on the three primary factors: (1) the volume of the traffic, (2) the speed of the traffic, and (3) the number of trucks in the flow of traffic. Generally, the loudness of traffic noise is increased by heavier traffic volumes, higher speeds, and greater number of trucks. Vehicle noise is a

December 2015 4.J. Noise
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combination of the noise produced by the engine, exhaust, and tires. Because of the logarithmic nature of traffic noise levels, a doubling of the traffic volume (assuming that the speed and truck mix do not change) results in a noise level increase of 3 dBA. Based on the Federal Highway Administration (“FHWA”) community noise assessment criteria, this change is “barely perceptible,” for reference a doubling of perceived noise levels would require an increase of approximately 10 dBA. However, the 1992 findings of Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (“FICON”), which assessed changes in ambient noise levels resulting from aircraft operations, found that noise increases as low as 1.5 dB can cause annoyance, when the existing noise levels are already greater than 65 dB. The truck mix on a given roadway also has an effect on community noise levels. As the number of heavy trucks increases and becomes a larger percentage of the vehicle mix, adjacent noise levels increase.
(6) Noise Barrier Attenuation
Effective noise barriers can reduce noise levels by 10 to 15 dBA, cutting the loudness of traffic noise in half.

For a noise barrier to work, it must be high enough and long enough to block the view of a road. A noise barrier is most effective when placed close to the noise source or receiver. A noise barrier can achieve a 5- dBA noise level reduction when it is tall enough to break the line-of-sight. When the noise barrier is a berm instead of a wall, the noise attenuation can be increased by another 3 dBA. b. Groundborne Vibration Fundamentals
Groundborne vibrations consist of rapidly fluctuating motions within the ground that have an average motion of zero. The effects of groundborne vibrations typically only cause a nuisance to people, but at extreme vibration levels, damage to buildings may occur. Although groundborne vibration can be felt outdoors, it is typically only an annoyance to people indoors where the associated effects of the shaking of a building can be notable. Groundborne noise is an effect of groundborne vibration and only exists indoors, since it is produced from noise radiated from the motion of the walls and floors of a room and may consist of the rattling of windows or dishes on shelves.
(1) Vibration Descriptors
Several different methods are used to quantify vibration amplitude such as the maximum instantaneous peak in the vibrations velocity, which is known as the peak particle velocity (“PPV”) or the root mean square (“RMS”) amplitude of the vibration velocity. Because of the typically small amplitudes of vibrations, vibration velocity is often expressed in dBs denoted as LV and is based on the RMS velocity amplitude. A commonly used abbreviation is VdB, which in this text, is when the particle velocity level (“LV”) or sound velocity level (“SVL”) is based on the reference quantity of 1 microinch per second. The LV should not be confused with the speed of sound.
(2) Vibration Perception
Typically, developed areas are continuously affected by vibration velocities of 50 VdB or lower. These continuous vibrations are not noticeable to humans whose threshold of perception is around 65 VdB. Offsite sources that may produce perceptible vibrations are usually caused by construction equipment, steel- wheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads, while smooth roads rarely produce perceptible groundborne noise or vibration.

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(3) Vibration Propagation
The propagation of groundborne vibration is not as simple to model as airborne noise. This is because noise in the air travels through a relatively uniform median, while groundborne vibrations travel through the earth, which may contain significant geological differences. There are three main types of vibration propagation: surface, compression, and shear waves. Surface waves, or Rayleigh waves, travel along the ground’s surface. These waves carry most of their energy along an expanding circular wave front, similar to ripples produced by throwing a rock into a pool of water. P-waves, or compression waves, are body waves that carry their energy along an expanding spherical wave front. The particle motion in these waves is longitudinal (i.e., in a “push-pull” fashion). P-waves are analogous to airborne sound waves. S-waves, or shear waves, are also body waves that carry energy along an expanding spherical wave front. However, unlike P-waves, the particle motion is transverse, or side-to-side and perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

As vibration waves propagate from a source, the vibration energy decreases in a logarithmic nature and the vibration levels typically decrease by 6 VdB per doubling of the distance from the vibration source. As stated above, this drop-off rate can vary greatly depending on the soil but has been shown to be effective enough for screening purposes, in order to identify potential vibration impacts that may need to be studied through actual field tests.
(4) Construction-Related Vibration Level Prediction
Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on the equipment used on the site. Operation of construction equipment causes ground vibrations that spread through the ground and diminish in strength with distance. Buildings in the vicinity of the construction site respond to these vibrations with varying results ranging from no perceptible effects at the low levels to slight damage at the highest levels. Table 4.J-1, Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment, identifies approximate vibration levels for particular construction activities. The data in Table 4.J-1 provides a reasonable estimate for a wide range of soil conditions.
c. Existing Noise Conditions
(1) Measurement Procedure and Criteria
To ascertain the existing noise at and adjacent to the project site, field monitoring was conducted on Wednesday, May 1, 2013. The field survey noted that noise within the project area is generally characterized by sounds of nature (i.e., birds), construction activity, and roadway traffic noise. (2) Noise Measurement Equipment
Noise monitoring was performed using an Extech Model 407780 Type 2 integrating sound level meter. The Extech meter was programmed in “slow” mode to record the sound pressure level at 1-second intervals for in A-weighted form. The sound level meter and microphone were mounted approximately five feet above the ground and equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. The sound level meter was calibrated before monitoring using an Extech calibrator, Model 407766. The noise level measurement equipment meets American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”) specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA).

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(3) Noise Measurement Locations
The noise monitoring locations were selected in order to obtain noise measurements of the current noise sources impacting the vicinity of the project site and to provide a baseline for any potential noise impacts that may be created by development of the proposed project. The selected sites are shown in Figure 4.J-1, Noise Monitoring Locations. Appendix I includes a photographic index of the study area and noise level measurement locations.
(4) Noise Measurement Timing and Climate
The noise measurements were recorded between 08:53 hours and 11:00 hours on Wednesday, May 1, 2013.

At the start of the noise monitoring, the skies were partly cloudy, winds ranging between 0 to 3 miles per hour, the temperature was 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
(5) Noise Measurement Results
The noise measurements were taken at five (5) locations at and adjacent to the project site. The results of the noise level measurements are provided below in Table 4.J-2, Existing Noise Level Measurements from Noise Study. d. Regulatory Framework
(1) Federal Regulations
The adverse impact of noise was officially recognized by the federal government in the Noise Control Act of 1972, which serves three purposes:

Table 4.J-1
Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment
Equipment
Peak Particle Velocity
(inches/second) at 25 feet
Approximate Vibration Level (LV)
at 25 feet
Pile driver (impact) 1.518 (upper range), 0.644 (typical) 112, 104 Pile driver (sonic) 0.734 (upper range), 0.170 (typical) 105, 93 Clam shovel drop (slurry wall) 0.202 94
Hydromill (slurry wall) 0.008 in soil, 0.017 in rock 66, 75 Vibratory Roller 0.210 94
Hoe Ram 0.089 87
Large bulldozer 0.089 87
Caisson drill 0.089 87
Loaded trucks 0.076 86
Jackhammer 0.035 79
Small bulldozer 0.003 58
Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal Transit Administration, May 2006.

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Promulgating noise emission standards for interstate commerce; Assisting state and local abatement efforts; and
Promoting noise education and research.

The Federal Office of Noise Abatement and Control (“ONAC”) was initially tasked with implementing the Noise Control Act. However, the ONAC has since been eliminated, leaving the development of federal noise policies and programs to other federal agencies and interagency committees. For example, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) agency limits noise exposure of workers to 90 dB Leq or less for 8 continuous hours or 105 dB Leq or less for 1 continuous hour. The Department of Transportation (“DOT”) assumed a significant role in noise control through its various operating agencies. The Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) regulates noise of aircraft and airports. Surface transportation system noise is regulated by a host of agencies, including the Federal Transit Administration (“FTA”). Transit noise is regulated by the federal Urban Mass Transit Administration (“UMTA”), while freeways that are part of the interstate highway system are regulated by the FHWA. Finally, the federal government actively advocates that local jurisdictions use their land use regulatory authority to arrange new development in such a way that “noise sensitive” uses are either prohibited from being sited adjacent to a highway or, alternately that the developments are planned and constructed in such a manner that potential noise impacts are minimized.

Since the federal government has preempted the setting of standards for noise levels that can be emitted by the transportation sources, the City is restricted to regulating the noise generated by the transportation system through nuisance abatement ordinances and land use planning.

Table 4.J-2
Existing Noise Level Measurements from Noise Study
Site Location Description Leq LMAX LMIN
Site 1 Western side of Adobe Avenue, north of proposed Planning Area 1 48.6 64.6 43.3 Site 2 Eastern end of Chisholm Trail Circle, east of proposed Planning Area 1 43.0 54.1 38.8 Site 3 Western terminus of the public right-of-way portion of Mabey Canyon Road, adjacent to Mabey Canyon Debris Basin and within proposed Planning Area 1.

44.9 55.2 39.0
Site 4 Southern terminus of Elker Road, adjacent to Skyline Drive/Trail and south of proposed Planning Area 3.

47.4 60.4 40.9
Site 5 Intersection of Green River Road and Paseo Grande, north of proposed Planning Area 1.

57.7 71.1 43.4
Source: FirstCarbon Solutions | Michael Brandman Associates, 2014

Noise Monitoring Loca ons FIGURE
Skyline Heights Project 4.J-1
Source: Michael Brandman Associates, 2013.
0 1400 Feet N
N.A.P

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(2) State Regulations
Established in 1973, the California Department of Health Services Office of Noise Control (“ONC”) was instrumental in developing regularity tools to control and abate noise for use by local agencies. One significant model, which is illustrated in Table 4.J-3, Land Use Compatibility Matrix, which allows the local jurisdiction, such as the City of Corona, to clearly delineate compatibility of sensitive uses with various incremental levels of noise.

Title 24, Chapter 1, Article 4 of the California Administrative Code (California Noise Insulation Standards) requires noise insulation in new hotels, motels, apartment houses, and dwellings (other than single-family detached housing) that provides an annual average noise level of no more than 45 dBA CNEL. When such structures are located within a 60-dBA CNEL (or greater) noise contour, an acoustical analysis is required to ensure that interior levels do not exceed the 45-dBA CNEL annual threshold. In addition, Title 21, Chapter 6, Article 1 of the California Administrative Code requires that all habitable rooms, hospitals, convalescent homes, and places of worship shall have an interior CNEL of 45 dB or less due to aircraft noise.

Government Code Section 65302 mandates that the legislative body of each county and city in California adopt a noise element as part of its comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize the land use compatibility guidelines published by the State Department of Health Services. The guidelines rank noise land use compatibility in terms of normally acceptable, conditionally acceptable, normally unacceptable, and clearly unacceptable.
(3) Local Regulations
The City of Corona General Plan establishes the following applicable conclusions, recommendations, standards, policies, and regulations regarding noise and vibration. (4) City of Corona General Plan
The Noise Element of the City of Corona General Plan provides the conclusions, recommendations, and strategies necessary to ensure an appropriately quiet and pleasurable environment for the residents, employees, and visitors in the County’s unincorporated areas. Since the regulation of transportation noise sources such as roadway and aircraft primarily fall under either State or federal jurisdiction, local jurisdictions will generally use land use and planning decisions to limit locations or volumes of such transportation noise sources, to avoid development within noise impact zones, or to shield impacted receivers or sensitive receptors.
(a) City of Corona General Plan Noise Element
Applicable Conclusions and Recommendations:

In the planning of land use, 65 CNEL should be regarded as the maximum exterior aircraft noise exposure compatible with noise sensitive uses. Where roadway noise exceeds 65 CNEL, mitigation is required;
The California Noise Insulation Standards sets a 45 dBA CNEL interior noise standard for new multifamily residential units; and

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Noise-sensitive land uses should be considered to include:
o Residential, including single and multifamily dwellings, and similar uses; o Libraries, school classroom areas, churches, and other similar areas; Table 4.J-3
Land Use Compatibility Matrix
Land Use Categories Community Noise Equivalent Level CNEL Categories Uses <55 60 65 70 75 80>
Residential Single Family Duplex A A B B D D D
Multiple Family A A B B C D D
Residential Mobile Home A A B C C D D
Commercial
Regional, District Hotel, Mote Transient Lodging A A B B C C D Commercial
Regional, Village, District,
Special
Commercial Retail, Bank, Restaurant,
Movie Theatre A A A A B B C
Commercial
Office
Institutional
Office Building, Research and
Development, Professional Offices,
City Office Building

A A A B B C D
Commercial
Recreation
Institutional
Civic Center
Amphitheater, Concert Hall
Auditorium, Meeting Hall B B C C D D D
Commercial
Recreation
Children’s Amusement Park,
Miniature Golf Course, Go-cart Track,
Equestrian Center, Sports Club

A A A B B D D
Commercial
General, Special
Industrial, Institutional
Automobile Service Station, Auto
Dealership, manufacturing,
Warehousing, Wholesale, Utilities

A A A A B B B
Institutional
General
Hospital, Church, Library, Schools,
Classroom A A B C C D D
Open Space Parks A A A B C D D
Open Space
Golf Course, Cemeteries, Nature
Centers, Wildlife Reserves, Wildlife
Habitat

A A A A B C C
Agriculture Agriculture A A A A A A A
Interpretation
Zone A
Clearly Compatible
Specified land use is satisfactory. based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction without any special noise insulation requirements Zone B
Normally Compatible
New construction or development should be undertaken only after detailed Analysis of the noise reduction requirements are made and needed noise insulation features in the design are determined. Conventional construction with dosed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice. Note that residential uses are prohibited with airport CNEL greater than 6S.

Zone C
Normally Incompatible
New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed. A detailed analysis of noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design.

Zone D
Clearly Incompatible New construction of development should generally not be undertaken

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o Hospitals, nursing homes, convalescent hospitals, and other facilities for long-term medical care;
The City of Corona General Plan requires development in areas that exceed or may in the future exceed the 65 DB (A) Ldn to conduct an acoustical analysis and incorporate design measures in their construction to reduce the interior levels to 45 DB (A) Ldn.

It is required for all areas with existing or future ambient noise levels that exceed an exterior noise level of 65 DB (A) Ldn to provide satisfactory buffering or construction mitigation measures for all development of new housing, health care facilities, schools, libraries, religious facilities, and other “noise sensitive” land uses.
(b) City of Corona Municipal Code
The City of Corona, California Municipal Code establishes the following noise regulations that are relevant to the proposed project.

Title 17 – Zoning, 17.84 Performance Standards
Section 17.84.040 – Noise: Stationary Noise Standards
(C) 2) Residential land uses including single, double, and multi uses shall have an exterior maximum allowable noise level of 55 dBA CNEL between 7 A.M. and 10 P.M. and 50 dBA CNEL between 10 P.M. and 7 A.M. Interior noise standards from 7 A.M. to 10 P.M. are 45 dBA CNEL and 35 dBA CNEL from 10 P.M. to 7 A.M.
(D) Exterior Noise:

1. It shall be unlawful for any person, entity, or operation at any location within the incorporated area of the City to create any noise or to allow the creation of any noise on property owned, leased, occupied, or otherwise controlled by such person, which causes the noise level when measured on any other property to exceed:
a) The noise standard for a cumulative period of more than 30 minutes in any hour; b) The noise standard plus 5 dB for a cumulative period of more than 15 minutes any hour; c) The noise standard plus 10 dB for a cumulative period of more than 5 minutes in any hour; d) The noise standard plus 15 dB for a cumulative period of more than one minute in any hour; e) The noise standard plus 20 dB for any period of time; (E) Interior Noise: It shall be unlawful for any person at any location within the incorporated area of the City to create any noise or to allow the creation of any noise on property owned, leased, occupied, or otherwise controlled by such person which causes the noise level when measured within any other residential dwelling unit or sensitive land use to exceed; 1) The noise standard for a cumulative period of more than five minutes in any hour; 2) The noise standard plus 5 dB for a cumulative period of more than one minute in any hour; or 3) The noise standard plus 10 dB, or the maximum measured ambient, for any period of time.

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Section 17.84.040 – Noise: (3) Transportation Noise Sources The maximum exterior noise level for transportation, both roadway and airport, within residential land uses is 65 dBA CNEL while the interior maximum is 45 dBA CNEL.

Section 17.84.040 – Noise: (D) Special Provisions
(2) Construction noise is prohibited between the hours of 8:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. Monday through Saturday and 6:00 P.M. to 10:00 A.M. Sundays and federal holidays.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
a. Methodology
Potential impacts from short-term and long-term stationary and mobile noise sources associated with the proposed project are assessed quantitatively. The project Applicant provided information regarding on-site construction activities and on-site and off-site operations. Construction activities are calculated from the acoustical center of construction. The acoustical center of construction is the idealized point from which construction could occur. It takes into account the mobility of construction equipment and is derived from multiplying the furthest distance construction equipment could be from a sensitive receiver with the closest distance (construction staging area) and then taking the square root of the product. Changes in noise level at adjacent noise-sensitive land uses attributable to the proposed project were also evaluated. This included an evaluation of whether noise generated from on-site operations could affect local residences at both existing and future on- and off-site noise-sensitive land uses. Off-site traffic volumes on local roadways would increase as a result of the proposed project, which would incrementally increase traffic noise in the project area. Noise impacts related to vehicular traffic were modeled using a version of the FHWA Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108), as modified for CNEL and the “Calveno” energy curves. Sitespecific information is entered, such as roadway traffic volumes, roadway active width, source-to-receiver distances, travel speed, noise source and receiver heights, and the percentages of automobiles, medium trucks, and heavy trucks that the traffic is made up of throughout the day, amongst other variables. The daily traffic volumes were obtained from the Traffic Impact Analysis Report Skyline Heights (“TIA”), prepared by Linscott, Law & Greenspan, dated July 16, 2013. The TIA is contained in Appendix I of this EIR.

Project-Related Traffic
Impacts attributable to project-specific traffic increases would be considered significant if they create a 5- dBA or greater increase in noise levels along roadways accessed by project-specific traffic (3 dBA if resulting noise level exceeds 65 dBA at sensitive receptor boundaries). Offsite noise levels were calculated along roadway segments in the project vicinity for the following scenarios:

Existing Conditions
Existing plus Project
Year 2020, without Project
Year 2020, with Project
Year 2035 (Cumulative), without Project

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Year 2035 (Cumulative), with Project
Using the traffic noise modeling parameters outlined above, the various scenarios that are described above were modeled to determine project-specific increases in noise levels at a uniform distance of 50 feet from roadway centerline. The uniform distance allows for direct comparisons of potential increases or decreases in noise levels based upon various traffic scenarios; however, at this distance, no specific noise standard necessarily applies. Therefore, the change in a noise level between scenarios is the focus of this portion of the analysis, rather than the resulting independent noise level for any one segment. b. Thresholds of Significance
Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines provides a checklist of questions to assist in determining whether a project would have a significant impact related to various environmental issues including noise. Based on the following issue areas identified in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a significant impact to noise would occur if the proposed project would result in one or more of the following:

Threshold 1: Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-1 below);
Threshold 2: Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-2 below);
Threshold 3: A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-1 below); Threshold 4: A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-1 below); Threshold 5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, the project would expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-3 below);
Threshold 6: For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, the project would expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-3 below); or
Threshold 7: Conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (refer to Impact Statement 4.J-4 below).

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c. Project Design Features
There are no specific Project Design Features (“PDFs”) that relate to potential noise impacts. d. Analysis of Project Impacts
(1) Noise Generation
Threshold 1: Would the project expose persons to or generate noise levels in excess of standards presumed in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Threshold 3: Would the project result in a substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? Threshold 4: Would the project result in a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? Impact 4.J-1 Implementation of the proposed project could result in temporary increases in ambient noise levels and expose people to temporary, intermittent, and moderate to high-level noise levels.

However, as the proposed project would comply with the City of Corona’s Noise Ordinance, construction noise impacts would be less than significant. Nonetheless, mitigation has been prescribed to minimize the potential for construction noise impacts at the nearby noise sensitive residential land uses. The proposed project’s residential uses would not result in a substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the proposed project. Thus, long-term operational noise impacts would be less than significant. (a) Short-Term Construction Noise Impacts
Short-term noise impacts could potentially occur during project construction activities from either the noise impacts created from the transport of workers and movement of construction materials to and from the project site, or from the noise generated onsite during demolition and ground clearing activities, excavation, grading, and similar ground-disturbing activities.

Construction noise levels vary significantly based upon the size and topographical features of the active construction zone, duration of the workday, and types of equipment employed. According to the Noise Study, a typical eight-hour construction day would generate 84 dBA CNEL at a distance of 50 feet from the noise source, on average. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve one or two minutes of full power operation followed by three to four minutes at lower power settings.

Although there would be potential for a relatively high single-event noise exposure resulting in potential short-term intermittent annoyances, the effect on long-term ambient noise levels would be nominal when averaged over a longer period. As illustrated by the ambient noise level measurements in Table 4.J-2, maximum noise levels in the project vicinity are currently up to 71.1 dBA.

Construction of the proposed project would require the use of heavy equipment for demolition of the existing onsite structures, site grading and excavation, installation of utilities, paving, and building

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fabrication. Development activities would also involve the use of smaller power tools, generators, and other sources of noise. During each stage of development, there would be a different mix of equipment operating and noise levels would vary based on the amount of equipment in operation and the location of the activity.

The closest noise-sensitive uses to the project site are the single-family residences located along Condor Circle, Clearview Circle, and Meadow Crest Circle, approximately 75 feet northeast of the project site boundary.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (“U.S. EPA”), has compiled data regarding the noise generating characteristics of specific types of construction and typical construction activities. The data pertaining to the types of construction equipment and activities that would occur at the project site are presented in Table 4.J-4, Construction Equipment Noise Levels and Table 4.J-5, Typical Outdoor Construction Noise Levels, respectively, at a distance of 50 feet from the noise source (i.e., reference distance). The noise levels shown in Table 4.J-4 represent composite noise levels associated with typical construction activities, which take into account both the number of pieces and spacing of heavy construction equipment that are typically used during each phase of construction. According to Table 4.J-4, outdoor noise levels at noise- sensitive receptors 50 feet from the noise source would range from 77 dBA to 86 dBA with the use of noise- attenuating devices. As illustrated in Table 4.J-5, construction noise during the heavier initial periods of construction is presented as an average of 86 dBA when measured at a reference distance of 50 feet from the center of construction activity. These noise levels would diminish notably with distance from the construction site at a rate of 6 dBA per doubling of distance. For example, a noise level of 86 dBA measured at 50 feet from the noise source to the receptor would reduce to 80 dBA at 100 feet from the source to the receptor, and reduce by another 6 dBA to 74 dBA at 200 feet from the source to the receptor.

During construction, two basic types of activities would be expected to occur and generate noise at the project site. The first activity would involve the preparation and grading of the project site to accommodate the building foundations for the proposed project. The second activity that would generate noise during construction would involve the physical construction and finishing of the proposed residential buildings.

The annexation area that is not part of the proposed project would be graded and potentially constructed upon at a later date and would be subject to all the noise standards of the proposed project. It is unknown at this time how the grading of the annexation area would be phased. As such, impacts from this area would be addressed as they become specific projects and would be required to undergo a similar analysis. Further, the existing sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the annexation area are further away from the project boundary than the receptors analyzed for the proposed project. Therefore construction noise impacts would be similar to, or less than those already reported herein.

Table 4.J-6, Exterior Noise at Nearest Offsite Sensitive Uses from Project Construction, illustrates the construction noise levels that would occur at the adjacent offsite sensitive uses during construction at the project site. The peak construction noise levels experience by the adjacent offsite sensitive receptors would be approximately 82 dBA, with the use of mufflers on the construction equipment. However, the increase in noise levels at the offsite locations during construction at the project site would be temporary in nature, and would not generate continuously high noise levels, although occasional single-event disturbances from construction are possible. As such, the estimated noise level increases at each sensitive receptor that is shown in Table 4.J-6 would only occur periodically, not continuously, throughout the construction day.

Additionally, in the later phases of construction when work is being conducted within the interior of the proposed buildings, the noise levels at the adjacent sensitive receptors would be further reduced as the

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physical structures that are constructed onsite would break the line-of-sight noise transmission from the proposed project to the offsite receptors.

Table 4.J-4
Construction Equipment Noise Levels.

Equipment
Noise Level (dBA) at 50 Feet
60 70 80 90 100 110 EQUIPMENT POWERED B INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES EARTH MOVING Compacters
(Rollers)
Front Loaders
Backhoes
Tractors
Scrapers, Graders
Pavers Trucks MATERIAL HANDLINGConcrete Mixers Concrete Pumps Cranes (Moveable)
Cranes (Derrick) STATION ARY
Pumps Generators Compressors IMPACT EQUIPMENT
Pneumatic
Wrenches
Jack Hammers and
Rock Drills
Pile Drivers OTHE R
Vibrators Saws Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1971, “Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances,” NTID 300-1.

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Nonetheless, the typical construction noise levels associated within the proposed project would exceed the residential noise standard of 65 dBA at the closest residential receptor boundary. As such, construction- related noise impacts associated with the proposed project could be potentially significant.

Project construction and demolition shall be restricted to the hours of 7:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. Monday through Saturday, and 10:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. on Sundays and Federal holidays (Mitigation Measure NS-1).

Noise and groundborne vibration construction activities whose specific location on the project site may be flexible shall be conducted as far as possible from the nearest noise- and vibration-sensitive land uses (Mitigation Measure NS-2). Construction and demolition activities shall be scheduled so as to avoid operating several pieces of equipment simultaneously (Mitigation Measure NS-3). The use of construction equipment or construction methods with the greatest peak noise generation potential shall be minimized (Mitigation Measure NS-4). The project contractor shall use power construction equipment with state-ofthe-art noise shielding and muffling devices (Mitigation Measure NS-5). Barriers such as, but not limited to, plywood structures of flexible sound control curtains shall be erected between the proposed project and the adjacent existing residences to the northeast and west, to minimize the amount of noise to the maximum extent feasible during construction (Mitigation Measure NS-6). All construction truck traffic shall be restricted to truck routes approved by the City of Corona Planning Department, which shall avoid residential areas and other sensitive receptors to the extent feasible (Mitigation Measure NS-7). Adjacent land uses Table 4.J-5
Typical Outdoor Construction Noise Levels
Construction Phase
Average Noise Levels
at 50 Feet with
Mufflers (dBA)
Average Noise Levels
at 60 Feet with
Mufflers (dBA)
Average Noise Levels
at 100 Feet with
Mufflers (dBA)
Average Noise Levels
at 200 Feet with
Mufflers (dBA)
Ground Clearing 82 80 76 70
Excavation, Grading 86 84 80 74
Foundations 77 75 71 65
Structural 83 81 77 71
Finishing 86 84 80 71
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment and Home Appliances, PB 206717, 1971,
Table 4.J-6
Exterior Noise at Nearest Offsite Sensitive Uses from Project Construction Sensitive Land Use
Approximate
Distance to
Project Site
(ft.)
Estimated Highest Average
Construction Noise Level at
Property Line (dBA)
Residences located adjacent to the northeast
portion of the project site along Condor Circle,
Clearview Circle and Meadow Crest Circle.
75 82
Source: First Carbon Solutions-Michael Brandman Associates, 2013; Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Final Report, May 2006.

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within 300 feet of the construction site shall be notified about the estimated duration and hours of construction activities at least 30 days before the start of construction (Mitigation Measure NS-8).

Overall, compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements of the City’s Noise Ordinance and implementation of the prescribed mitigation measures, impacts related to short-term construction noise would be less than significant.
(b) Long-Term Operational Noise Impacts
Potential noise impacts associated with the long-term operations of the proposed project would include stationary noise sources associated with the proposed project and vehicular traffic on roadways within the project vicinity. As the project proposes residential uses, it is not considered a source of onsite operational noise. The nearest main road to the proposed project is West Foothill Parkway. Lots 247 and 251 would be located nearest West Foothill Parkway. However, both lots would be located at least 50 feet from the road right-of-way (“ROW”) with pad elevations of at least 30 feet above the roadway. According to the Noise Study, at this distance and elevation, the roadway noise would be approximately 43.8 dBA CNEL, which is below the residential noise standard of 65 dBA. The roads proposed within the proposed project are collectors and would not be a source of significant traffic noise. To further reduce roadway noise, the embankment between the road ROW and the backyard of the proposed homes would be landscaped with a perimeter wall to be placed on top of the embankment.

The project traffic noise roadway impacts were calculated by comparing the existing traffic noise levels with the existing plus project, the comparison of Year 2020 traffic noise levels both with and without the project, and Year 2035 traffic noise levels both with and without the project; refer to Table 4.J-7, Project Traffic Noise Contributions. The segments modeled in the Noise Study include Green River Road, Paseo Grande, Ontario Avenue, Border Avenue, Lincoln Avenue, and Foothill Parkway. As presented in Table 4.J-7, no roadway segments have an increase of 3 dBA or greater. The highest increase is 1.3 dBA CNEL along the segment of Foothill Parkway between Elysia Street and Lincoln Avenue under the existing and existing plus project scenarios. Thus, the change in noise levels from existing conditions for this scenario is not considered significant. As such, impacts related to long-term operational noise would be less than significant.

December 2015 4.J. Noise
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project

4.J 19
Table 4.J 7
Project Traffic Noise Contributions
Roadways/Road
Segment
Existing Existing Plus Project Year 2020 Year 2035 ADT dB CNEL
Existing
plus
Project ADT dB
CNEL
Project
Specific
Increase
Without
Project ADT dB
CNEL
With
Project ADT dB
CNEL
Project
Specific
Increase
Without
Project ADT dB
CNEL
With
Project ADT dB
CNEL
Project
Specific
Increase
Green River Road
between Serf as
Club Drive and
Paseo Grande
12,398 68.6 13,228 68.9 0.3 16,303 69.8 17,273 70.1 0.3 26,492 71.9 27,462 72.1 0.2 Paseo Grande
between Ontario
Avenue and
Green River Road
12,357 68.6 13,187 68.9 0.3 7,893 66.7 8,031 66.7 0.0 9,546 67.5 9,684 67.6 0.1 Ontario Avenue
between Paseo
Grande and
Border Avenue
10,413 67.9 11,383 68.3 0.4 1,959 60.6 1,959 60.6 0.0 2,304 61.3 2,304 61.3 0.0 between Border
Avenue and Via
Pacifica
11,873 68.4 11,873 68.4 0.0 5,400 65.0 5,400 65.0 0.0 6,353 65.7 6,353 65.7 0.0 between Via
Pacifica and
Lincoln Avenue
25,677 71.8 25,677 71.8 0.0 17,157 70.0 17,157 70.0 0.0 20,184 70.8 20,184 70.8 0.0 Border Avenue
between Via
Pacifica and
Ontario Avenue
3,362 63.0 3,500 63.1 0.1 3,539 63.2 3,677 63.4 0.2 4,177 63.9 4,315 64.0 0.1 between Ontario
Avenue and
Foothill Parkway
3,097 62.6 4,205 63.9 1.3 3,205 62.8 3,343 62.9 0.1 3,695 63.4 3,833 63.5 0.1 Lincoln Avenue
between Citron
Street and
Ontario Avenue
20,521 70.8 21,213 71.0 0.2 18,997 70.5 19,551 70.6 0.1 21,883 711 22,437 71.2 0.1 between Ontario
Avenue and
Foothill Parkway
16,785 69.9 17,616 70.2 0.3 6,721 66.0 7,413 66.4 0.4 9,209 67.3 9,901 67.7 0.4

4.J. Noise December 2015
Table 4.J 7
Project Traffic Noise Contributions
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project

4.J 20
Roadways/Road
Segment
Existing Existing Plus Project Year 2020 Year 2035 ADT dB CNEL
Existing
plus
Project ADT dB
CNEL
Project
Specific
Increase
Without
Project ADT dB
CNEL
With
Project ADT dB
CNEL
Project
Specific
Increase
Without
Project ADT dB
CNEL
With
Project ADT dB
CNEL
Project
Specific
Increase
Foothill Parkway
between Elysia
Street and
Lincoln Avenue
4,941 64.6 6,603 65.9 1.3 9,336 67.4 10,860 68.1 0.7 21,619 71.0 23,143 71.32 0.3 between n
Lincoln Avenue
and Highgrove
Street
6,352 65.7 7,182 66.3 0.6 8,990 67.2 9,820 67.6 0.4 16,203 69.8 17,035 70.0 0.2 Source: FirstCarbon Solutions | Michael Brandman Associates, 2014

December 2015 4.J. Noise
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.J-21
(2) Groundborne Vibration and Noise
Threshold 2: Would the project result in exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?
Impact 4.J-2 Implementation of the proposed project would not result in exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels. Impacts would be less than significant in this regard.
(a) Short-Term Construction Vibration Impacts
Construction activities could produce vibration that may be felt by adjacent uses. The construction of the proposed project would not require the use of equipment such as pile drivers, which are known to generate substantial construction vibration levels. According to the Noise Study, the primary source of vibration during project construction would be from a large bulldozer (tractor), which would generate 0.089 inch per second PPV at 25 feet. Groundborne vibration typically decreases rapidly with distance. The closest receptors to the project site are the residential uses located approximately 75 feet from the northeastern project boundary. The vibration levels caused by a large bulldozer operating 75 feet from the nearest sensitive receptor would be less than 0.02 inch per second RMS. This vibration level would not exceed the City’s regulatory standard for vibration sources of 0.05 inch per second. As such, impacts related to short- term construction vibration would be less than significant. (b) Long-Term Operational Vibration Impacts
As the project proposes residential uses, the proposed project does not include any sources of operational vibration. As such, impacts related to long-term operational vibration impacts would be less than significant. (3) Aircraft/Airport Noise
Threshold 5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, the project would expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? Threshold 6: For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, the project would expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? Impact 4.J-3 Implementation of the proposed project would not result in exposure of persons to or generation of excessive noise levels from airport-related noise. Impacts would be less than significant in this regard.

The Corona Municipal Airport is located more than three miles to the northeast of the project site. The project site is not located within an airport land use plan and is not located within two miles of a public or private airport or airstrip. Therefore, the project site would not receive airport-related noises and would not expose people residing or working within the project area to excessive noise levels. As such, impacts related to aircraft/airport noise impacts would be less than significant.

4.J. Noise December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.J-22
(4) Consistency With Regulatory Framework
Threshold 7: Would the project conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? Impact 4.J-4 Implementation of the proposed project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the proposed project with regard to noise (including, but not limited to the General Plan and Municipal Code). This impact is considered less than significant.

As mentioned above, the proposed project would not conflict with the City’s Noise Ordinance. Further, the proposed project would not conflict with applicable goals and policies contained in the City’s General Plan regarding noise, as discussed below in Table 4.J-8, General Plan Consistency Analysis. As illustrated in Table

4.J-8, impacts related to consistency with the City of Corona General Plan regarding noise would be less than significant. 3. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
In order for the proposed project to create a cumulative considerable impact, the proposed project’s portion of the cumulative increase in noise would need to increase the noise levels by 3 dBA to 5 dBA at sensitive receptor boundaries. As presented in Table 4.J-7, the highest increase for the year 2035 with and without the project scenarios is 0.4 dBA CNEL along the segment of Foothill Parkway between Elysia Street and Lincoln Avenue. As such, no cumulative noise impact is anticipated.

Table 4.J-8
General Plan Consistency Analysis
General Plan Goal/Policy Project Consistency Statement
Environmental Hazards and Public Safety – Noise
Policy 11.5.1 – Require that in areas where existing or future ambient noise levels exceed an exterior noise level of 65 dB(A) Ldn, all development of new housing, health care facilities, schools, libraries, religious facilities, and other “noise sensitive” land uses shall include satisfactory buffering and/or construction mitigation measures to
reduce noise exposure to levels within acceptable limits.

Consistent. A full analysis of construction and
operational impacts related to noise was prepared for the proposed project, as provided in the Noise Study (see
Appendix I in this Draft EIR). The proposed project would be designed to minimize noise impacts. Overall,
compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements
of the City’s Noise Ordinance and implementation of the prescribed mitigation measures NS-1 through NS-8,
impacts related to short-term construction noise would be less than significant.

As the project proposes residential uses, it is not
considered a source of on-site operational noise. The
nearest main road to the proposed project is West Foothill Parkway. Lots 247 and 251 would be located nearest
West Foothill Parkway. However, both lots would be
located at least 50 feet from the road right-of-way
(“ROW”) with pad elevations of at least 30 feet above the roadway. According to the Noise Study, at this distance

December 2015 4.J. Noise
Table 4.J-8 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.J-23
General Plan Goal/Policy Project Consistency Statement
and elevation, the roadway noise would be approximately

43.8 dBA CNEL, which is below the residential noise
standard of 65 dBA. The roads proposed within the
proposed project are collectors and would not be a source of significant traffic noise. To further reduce roadway noise, the embankment between the road ROW and the
backyard of the proposed homes would be landscaped
with a perimeter wall to be placed on top of the
embankment.

Policy 11.5.3 – Require development in all areas where
the existing or future ambient noise level exceeds 65
dB(A) Ldn to conduct an acoustical analysis and
incorporate special design measures in their construction, thereby, reducing interior noise levels to the 45 dB(A) Ldn level, as depicted on Table 5.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 11.5.1
Policy 11.5.4 – Encourage existing “noise sensitive uses,” including schools, libraries, health care facilities, and residential uses in areas where existing or future noise levels exceed 65 dB(A) Ldn to incorporate fences, walls, landscaping, and/or other noise buffers and barriers,
where appropriate and feasible.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 11.5.1
Policy 11.5.5 – Require development that generates
increased traffic and substantial increases in ambient
noise levels adjacent to noise sensitive land uses, to
provide appropriate mitigation measures in accordance
with the acceptable limits of the City Noise Ordinance.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 11.5.1
Policy 11.5.6 – Require construction activities that occur in close proximity to existing “noise sensitive” uses,
including schools, libraries, health care facilities, and residential uses to limit the hours and days of operation in accordance with City Noise Ordinance.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 11.5.1
Goal 11.7 – Provide for the reduction of noise spillover or encroachment where the noise environment from
commercial and industrial land uses is unacceptable; and protect and maintain adjoining residential areas and other “noise sensitive” areas having acceptable noise
environments.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 11.5.1
Source: City of Corona General Plan (2004) and PCR Services Corporation (2014).

4. MITIGATION MEASURES
(1) Construction
Mitigation Measure NS-1: Construction and demolition shall be restricted to the hours of 7:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. Monday through Saturday, and 10:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. on Sundays and Federal holidays.

4.J. Noise December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.J-24
Mitigation Measure NS-2: Noise and groundborne vibration construction activities whose specific location on the project site may be flexible (e.g., operation of compressors and generators, cement mixing, general truck idling) shall be conducted as far as possible from the nearest noise-and vibration-sensitive land uses.

Mitigation Measure NS-3: Construction and demolition activities shall be scheduled so as to avoid operating several pieces of equipment simultaneously, which causes high noise levels.

Mitigation Measure NS-4: The use of construction equipment or construction methods with the greatest peak noise generation potential shall be minimized (i.e., use of drills, jackhammers).

Mitigation Measure NS-5: The project contractor shall use power construction equipment with state-of-the-art noise shielding and muffling devices.

Mitigation Measure NS-6: Barriers such as, but not limited to, plywood structures of flexible sound control curtains shall be erected between the proposed project and the adjacent existing residences to the northeast and west, to minimize the amount of noise to the maximum extent feasible during construction.

Mitigation Measure NS-7: All construction truck traffic shall be restricted to truck routes approved by the City of Corona Public Works Department, which shall avoid residential areas and other sensitive receptors to the extent feasible.

Mitigation Measure NS-8: Adjacent land uses within 300 feet of the construction site shall be notified about the estimated duration and hours of construction activities at least 30 days before the start of construction.

5. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION
Implementation of the recommended mitigation measures and compliance with the City’s Noise Ordinance would ensure that impacts related to noise and vibration remain less than significant.

City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-1

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
K. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND EMPLOYMENT

INTRODUCTION
This section addresses the potential population growth, housing, and employment effects of the proposed project in the context of the local area (the City of Corona), the Western Riverside subregion, and the Southern California Association of Governments (“SCAG”) regional area of the proposed project. The analysis evaluates the proposed project’s population growth, housing, and employment effects in relation to adopted growth forecasts and relevant policies and programs. Demographic data and projections presented in this section are primarily based on SCAG forecasts contained in the SCAG 2012 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (“RTP/SCS"), which was adopted in April 2012. The City of Corona General Plan Housing Element (2004) and Final Housing Element 2013-2021 includes the City’s goals, policies, and programs to address housing needs in the City. A discussion of the proposed project’s consistency with the applicable goals, policies and programs of the Housing Element is also provided in this section. 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING a. Existing Conditions
(1) Existing On-Site Conditions and Surrounding Land Uses The majority of the 394.8-acre annexation Project site is primarily undeveloped, with the exception of one existing single-family homes, a nursery, and buildings formerly used in conjunction with a horse stable.

Surrounding land uses include single-family residences to the north, northeast, and east. (2) Demographic Analysis of the Areas
The project area is located within the regional area of SCAG, the subregional area of Western Riverside, and the local area of the City of Corona (“City”) demographic areas. The largest area is the regional area of SCAG, which includes 14 subregions, including Western Riverside. The Western Riverside subregion consists of 17 Riverside County cities, the County of Riverside, the Eastern Municipal Water District (“EMWD”), the Western Municipal Water District (“WMWD”), March Joint Powers Authority (“March JPA”), and Riverside County Superintendent of Schools. The local area boundary of the project area is the City. Table 4.K-1, Existing Population, Housing, and Employment Summary, below, discusses the population, housing, and employment numbers for the local, subregion, and regional areas for the year 2008 based on SCAG data.

As shown in Table 4.K-1 and according to the data contained in the 2012 SCAG RTP/SCS, for 2008 the City has an estimated population of approximately 148,000 residents, approximately 44,600 households, and 71,200 employees. The Western Riverside subregional area has a residential population of approximately 2,128,000 residents, a household total of approximately 679,000 households, and approximately 664,000 employees. The SCAG regional area has a total residential population of 17,895,000 residents, approximately 5,814,000 households, and approximately 7,738,000 employees.

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-2
The 2012 RTP/SCS provides data on projected population, housing, and employment at various geographical levels within the SCAG region. The following analysis will provide an overview of the projections and trends anticipated for population, housing, and employment in relation to the proposed project as provided by SCAG. The SCAG projection data for population, housing, and employment are shown in Table 4.K-2, Population, Housing, and Employment Projections, above. In correlation with each trend, population, housing, and employment within the City are anticipated to increase through the year 2035. Job/housing ratio projections are provided below in Table 4.K-3, Job/Housing Ratio Projections. b. Projections and Trends (1) Population
According to SCAG’s regional forecast, the population will increase in all geographic zones during the years between 2008 and 2035. In the local area of the City, the percentage growth is an approximate 11.22 percent increase between the years 2008 and 2035. During the same time period, the population growth in the subregional area of Western Riverside is forecasted to have a percentage increase of 56.20 percent, and an approximate percentage increase of 23.45 percent for the regional area of SCAG. (2) Housing
The SCAG housing forecasts indicate that the housing growth in the local area of the City is projected to increase by approximately 9.42 percent between the years of 2008 and 2035. During the same time period, the housing growth for the subregional area of Western Riverside is forecasted to be approximately 60.82 percent. The housing forecast for the regional area of SCAG is estimated to experience an increase of 25.99 percent. The large increase in housing within the subregional and regional areas can be attributed to the County’s growing population and residential development to accommodate it.

Table 4.K-1
Existing Population, Housing, and Employment Summary
Total
Population
Total
Households a TotalEmployment
Local Area
Corona 148,000 44,600 71,200
Subregional Area
Western Riverside 2,128,000 679,000 664,000
Regional Area
SCAG 17,895,000 5,814,000 7,738,000
a SCAG’s growth forecasts reflect the number of households present within an area rather than the number of housing units.

Source: PCR Services Corporation based on data presented in Table 18 of the SCAG 2012 RTP/SCS projections, April 2012.

December 2015 4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-3
(3) Employment
According to SCAG, the local area of the City will have an employment percent increase of approximately

47.47 percent between the years of 2008 and 2035. Employment in the subregional area of Western Riverside is projected to increase by 87.20 percent while the regional area of SCAG is projected to increase

22.01 percent, during the same time period.

Table 4.K-2
Population, Housing, and Employment Projections
Geographic Zone
Actual
2008
Projected
2020
Projected
2035
2008-2035
Growth a PercentageChange (%)
Population
Local Area 148,000 155,800 164,600 16,600 +11.22
Subregional Area 2,128,000 2,592,000 3,324,000 1,196,000 +56.20 Regional Area 17,895,000 19,663,000 22,091,000 4,196,000 +23.45 Housing
Local Area 44,600 46,100 48,800 4,200 +9.42
Subregional Area 679,000 834,000 1,092,000 413,000 +60.82 Regional Area 5,814,000 6,458,000 7,325,000 1,511,000 +25.99 Employment
Local Area 71,200 88,300 105,000 33,800 +47.47
Subregional Area 664,000 939,000 1,243,000 579,000 +87.20 Regional Area 7,738,000 8,414,000 9,441,000 1,703,000 +22.01 a 2008-2035 growth was calculated by taking the difference between projected 2035 and actual 2008.

Source: PCR Services Corporation based on data presented in Table 18 of the SCAG 2012 RTP/SCS projections, April 2012.

Table 4.K-3
Job/Housing Ratio Projections a Projected Projected
Geographic Zone 2008 2020 2035
Local Area 1.60 1.92 2.15
Subregional Area 0.98 1.13 1.14
Regional Area 1.33 1.30 1.29
a Job/Housing Ratio is calculated by dividing the employment and housing forecasted number.

Source: PCR Services Corporation based on data presented in Table 18 of the SCAG 2012 RTP/SCS projections, April 2012.

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-4
(4) Job/Housing Ratio
A jobs-housing balance is the distribution of employment relative to the distribution of workers within a given geographic area. A job/housing ratio of 1:1 indicates that there is a job for every one household. As such, for ratios below 1.0, those areas are considered to have jobs deficit and housing surplus, or “housing- rich”. For ratios above 1.0, those areas are considered to have a job surplus, or “job-rich” and a housing deficit. As identified by SCAG, the ideal average job/housing ratio in the SCAG region is 1.25.

As shown above for the year 2008, the local area of the City has a job/housing ratio of 1.60, the subregional area of Western Riverside has a ratio of 0.98, and the regional area of SCAG has a ratio of 1.33. Within the local area, the job/housing ratio is expected to increase from 1.60 to 2.15 between 2008 and 2035 and will be considered “job rich” with a housing deficit above the ideal 1.25 job/housing ratio. The subregional area’s job/housing ratio is also expected to increase from 2008 to 2035 with a job/housing ratio of 0.98 to 1.14 and will also be considered “job rich” but below the ideal SCAG ratio. The job/housing ratio for the SCAG regional area will decrease, but remains close to the ideal SCAG ratio of 1.25. As population continues to increase in the local, subregional, and regional geographic zones, employment demands will be met as there will be a job surplus, but new houses will need to be built to meet the future housing demands and meet the ideal average job/housing ratio of 1.25 as identified by SCAG.
c. Regulatory Framework
(1) Southern California Association of Governments (“SCAG”) The Project is located within the jurisdiction of SCAG. SCAG is a Joint Powers Agency established under California Government Code Section 6502 et seq. Pursuant to federal and state law, SCAG serves as a Council of Governments, a Regional Transportation Planning Agency, and the MPO for Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside, Ventura, and Imperial counties. SCAG’s mandated responsibilities include developing plans and policies with respect to the region’s population growth, transportation programs, air quality, housing, and economic development. Specifically, SCAG is responsible for preparing the RTP/SCS and Regional Housing Needs Assessment (“RHNA”), in coordination with other state and local agencies. These documents include population, employment, and housing projections for the region and 14 subregions. The project site is located within the Western Riverside Council of Governments (“WRCOG”) subregion (“Riverside County subregion”).
(2) Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (“RTP/SCS”) On April 4, 2012, SCAG adopted the 2012-2035 RTP/SCS: Towards a Sustainable Future. The 2012-2035 RTP/SCS is a long-range regional transportation plan that provides a blueprint to help achieve a coordinated and balanced regional transportation system in the SCAG region, which is composed of six counties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. The RTP/SCS is the culmination of a multi- year effort involving stakeholders from across the SCAG Region, and includes short- and long-range population, housing, and employment projections for local, subregional, and regional geographies that are utilized for regional planning efforts.

December 2015 4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-5
(3) Regional Housing Needs Assessment (“RHNA”)
A RHNA, most recently adopted and approved by the SCAG Regional Council on October 4, 2012, includes an assessment of regional housing needs for very low income, low income, moderate income, and above moderate income groups for the planning period from January 2014 through June 2021.1 The RHNA is used by local communities to address land use planning, prioritize local resource allocation, and decide how to address identified existing and future housing needs resulting from population, employment, and household growth. As shown in Table 4.K-2, there are 44,600 housing units in the City as of 2008. According to the RHNA, the housing needs for the City include a total of 770 additional dwelling units, of which 192 will be very low income, 128 low income, 142 moderate income, and 308 above moderate income housing; refer to Table 4.K-4, Regional Housing Growth Needs of the City of Corona. (4) City of Corona General Plan Housing Element 2014-2021 State law requires housing elements to be updated at least every five years to reflect a community’s changing housing needs. The City of Corona Housing element was last updated in 2013; however, special legislation extended the update cycle for jurisdictions within SCAG to coincide with the 2012 update of baseline population, employment, and other shared data for the RTP/SCS. Therefore, the Housing Element is updated for the years 2013-2021 for the update cycle for jurisdictions in the SCAG region and is consistent with other regional and local plans. The City of Corona Final Housing Element 2014-2021 is comprised of the following major components:

An analysis of Corona’s population, household, and employment base, and the characteristics of the City’s housing stock to define the nature and extent of unmet housing needs (Chapter 2).

A review of potential constraints to meeting the City’s identified housing needs (Chapter 3). An evaluation of resources and opportunities that will further the development of new housing and advance energy conservation in the community (Chapter 4).

A statement of the Housing Plan to address Corona’s identified housing needs, including housing goals, policies, and programs (Chapter 6).
1 Southern California Association of Governments website: http://www.scag.ca.gov/Documents/5thCyclePFinalRHNAplan.pdf. Accessed May 2014.

Table 4.K-4
Regional Housing Growth Needs of the City of Corona
Very Low
Income Households
Low
Income Households
Moderate
Income Households
Above Moderate
Income Households
Total
Households
192 128 142 308 770

25.0% 16.6% 18.4% 40.0% 100%
Source: Southern California Association of Governments Website: http://www.scag.ca.gov/Documents/5thCyclePFinalRHNAplan.pdf

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-6

2. PROJECT IMPACTS
a. Methodology
The population, housing, and employment analysis consists of a comparison of the project’s proposed development and estimated population, housing, and employment to the expected forecasted SCAG projections for the years 2008 through 2035 for the three geographic areas. The analysis addresses impacts at the local (“Corona”), subregional (“Western Riverside”), and regional (“SCAG”) areas. The analysis also evaluates the project’s estimated population, housing, and employment and its compatibility with SCAG projections and related policies applicable to the project area. b. Significance Thresholds
Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines provides a checklist of questions to assist in determining whether a proposed project would have a significant impact related to various environmental issues including population, housing, and employment. Based on the following issue areas identified in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a significant impact to population, housing, and employment would occur if the proposed project would result in one or more of the following:

Threshold 1: Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (e.g. by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g. through extension of roads or other infrastructure) (refer to Impact Statement 4.K-1);
Threshold 2: Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere (refer to Impact Statement 4.K-1.); Threshold 3: Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere (refer to Impact Statement 4.K-1.); and Threshold 4: Comply with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (refer to Impact Statement 4.K-2). c. Project Design Features
The proposed project would introduce 292 single-family detached residential dwellings that would provide new housing opportunities to the local, subregional and regional areas. d. Analysis of Project Impacts
Threshold Would the project induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (e.g. by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g. through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
Threshold Would the project displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?

December 2015 4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-7
Threshold Would the project displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
Impact 4.K-1 Implementation of the proposed project would not induce substantial population, housing, or employment growth in the project area beyond that anticipated by SCAG projections. Further, implementation of the proposed project would not displace substantial numbers of existing housing or people and would not necessitate the construction of replacement housing elsewhere. These impacts are considered less than significant. (1) Construction Impacts
The proposed project would generate construction workers during the demolition, grading and excavation, and building construction and finishing phases. However, project construction would not necessarily generate new employment within the region. Rather, construction workers move from project to project and are somewhat mobile. To the extent that the proposed project would support and contribute to the pool of construction workers, the overall impacts of project implementation would be considered beneficial. Since construction activities related to the proposed project would not exceed expected growth nor alter the location, distribution, density, or growth rate of construction employment through the local, subregional, and regional area, construction-related employment impacts would be less than significant. (2) Operational Impacts
(a) Population Growth
The proposed project includes the construction of 292 single-family homes that would generate a population of approximately 1,028 residents.2 The residential population increase to the City associated with the proposed project is compared to the expected population increase for the years between 2008 and 2035 in the local, subregional, and regional areas. Table 4.K-5, Proposed Project Population, Household, and Employment Impacts Between the Years of 2008 and 2035, below, shows the project’s population increase in relation to the three geographic areas. The increase of 1,028 residents to the City would represent a total of

6.193 percent, 0.086 percent, and 0.024 percent of the population growth projected by SCAG for the local, subregional, and regional areas, respectively, between the years of 2008 and 2035.

As shown above, these percent increases do not exceed the forecasted growth set forth by SCAG. In addition, the project population growth would not substantially alter the location or growth rate of the population projected and forecasted for the City, the Western Riverside subregion, and SCAG region. By adding new housing units to the general housing supply, the Project would support applicable housing policies of the City’s General Plan, SCAG’s RTP/SCS, and housing allocation goals of the RHNA, and would substantially help meet the housing demands of the growing population of the City by contributing to housing availability and opportunity in the project area. As such, the proposed project would not result in a significant population impact. 2
The average household size for the City of Corona is 3.52 persons/household per the U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed May 2014. 292 single family homes X 3.52 persons = 1,028 persons.

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-8
Although project implementation would result in the removal of two existing single-family homes, it would not displace substantial numbers of people, since such removal would be limited to approximately seven persons3, if both residences are occupied, which would be offset by the future provision of up to 1,028 persons on-site. As such, impacts related to the displacement of substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere, would be considered less than significant. (b) Household Growth
As presented in Table 4.K-5, the proposed project would represent 6.952 percent, 0.071 percent, and 0.019 percent of household growth projected by SCAG for the local, subregional, and regional areas between the years of 2008 and 2035, respectively. The demand of additional housing units is well within the SCAG housing growth projections for the City, the Western Riverside subregion, and the SCAG region. By creating new housing units within the project area, the proposed project would support applicable housing policies of SCAG’s RTP/SCS and housing allocation goals of the RHNA, and would substantially help meet the housing demands of the growing population of the City. As such, impacts related to housing growth would be considered less than significant. Although project implementation would result in the removal of two existing single-family homes, it would not displace substantial numbers of existing housing, since such removal would be limited to two housing units that would be offset by the future provision of up to 292 single-family homes on-site, or 290 net new housing units. As such, impacts related to the displacement of substantial numbers of existing house, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere, would be considered less than significant. 3 The average household size for the City of Corona is 3.52 persons/household per the U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed May 2014. 2 single family homes X 3.52 persons = 7.04 persons.

Table 4.K-5
Proposed Project Population, Household, and Employment Impacts Between the Years of 2008 and 2035
Populationa Project
Percent of
Growth b
(%) Household a Project
Percent of
Growth b
(%)
Employment a Project
Percent of
Growth b
(%)
Net New from Proposed Project 1,028 c 292d N/Ae Local Area 16,600 +6.193 4,200 +6.952 33,800 N/A Subregional Area 1,196,000 +0.086 413,000 +0.071 579,000 N/A Regional Area 4,196,000 +0.024 1,511,000 +0.019 1,703,000 N/A a The local, subregional, and regional area numbers represent the 2008-2035 growth projections as provided in Table 4.K-2 above. b Percent difference calculated by dividing the project’s net new growth by the 2008-2035 growth projections. c The average household size for the City of Corona is 3.52 persons/household per the U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed May 2014. 292 single-family homes X 3.52 persons = 1,028 persons. d The proposed project includes the construction of 292 single-family homes. e The project proposes residential uses, thus resulting in no direct employment.

Source: PCR Services Corporation, 2014 and SCAG, 2012.

December 2015 4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-9
(c) Employment Growth
The proposed project would generate up to 292 single-family homes. Thus, project implementation would not directly generate new job opportunities to the City. As shown above in Table 4.K-3, the local area, subregional area, and regional area would be considered “job rich” with a housing deficit that would not meet the ideal 1.25 job/housing ratio. As population continues to increase in the City, the Western Riverside subregion, and the SCAG region, employment demands would be met as there would be a job surplus, but new homes would need to be built to meet the future housing demands and meet the ideal average job/housing ratio of 1.25 as identified by SCAG. The proposed would introduce up to 292 residential units, which would be able to provide housing for residents and help make up for the high job/housing ratio within the City. As such, impacts associated with employment growth would be less than significant.

Threshold Would the project conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? Impact 4.K-2 Implementation of the proposed project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code). This impact is considered less than significant.

The City of Corona General Plan (2004) Housing Element and Final Housing Element 2013-2021 (2012) includes goals and policies that relate to housing. An analysis of the proposed project’s consistency with each of the applicable goals contained in the Housing Element is presented below in Table 4.K-6, General Plan Consistency Analysis. As indicated in Table 4.K-6, the proposed project would be consistent with the applicable goals of the General Plan Housing Element with respect to population, housing, and employment.

As such, impacts in this regard would be less than significant.

3. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
Implementation of the proposed project would result in a net increase in the City’s residential population by approximately 1,028 persons and housing stock by up to 292 single-family homes. The proposed project, in combination with other cumulative development within the project vicinity would result in a cumulative increase in population, housing, and employment. Achieving the remaining RHNA units is expected through the future redevelopment of the key housing opportunity areas identified through the General Plan update process.

Chapter 3, Basis for Cumulative Analysis, of this Draft EIR provides a list of projects that are planned or are under construction in the proposed project study area and would potentially contribute to a cumulative population, housing, and employment impact when combined with the proposed project. Table 4.K-7, Cumulative Population, Housing, and Employment Generation, below, summarizes the cumulative growth associated with implementation of the proposed project and related projects.

As shown in Table 4.K-7, the cumulative population, housing, and employment projections total 21,927 residents, 6,229 housing units, and 4,301 employees, respectively. Relative to SCAG growth projections at the local, subregional, and regional levels for the 2008 to 2035 timeframe, this represents 132.1, 1.83, and

0.52 percent of overall population growth; 148.3, 1.51, and 0.41 percent of overall housing growth; and 12.8, 0.74, and 0.25 percent of overall employment growth, respectively. As such, cumulative growth associated

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-10
with the proposed project and related cumulative development in the project area is within SCAG’s 2008- 2035 growth projections at the subregional and regional levels, but would exceed the local projections for population and housing growth within the City of Corona. However, an exceedance of SCAG growth projections at the local level does not necessarily translate into a physical impact on the environment, as each particular development would be subject to environmental review by the City of Corona and conditioned through mitigation measures or alternatives to address any physical impacts related to such growth. The proposed project would contribute to this growth by providing housing and associated population growth, but would not result in adverse physical impacts related to housing and population, and would also contribute to meeting the City’s RHNA requirements. As such, although the proposed project would, in conjunction with other related project development, contribute to an exceedance of SCAG population and housing growth projections at the local level (City of Corona), it would not result in a significant cumulative impact due to the lack of physical effects associated with anticipated growth, as physical effects would be addressed through mitigation measures and other mechanisms on a project-byproject basis, subject to approval by the City of Corona (i.e., all related projects are located within the City, and therefore would be subject to City environmental review).

The analysis above provides an assessment of project population, housing, and employment in comparison with local, subregional, and regional growth forecasts, which also accounts for planned or reasonably foreseeable development within each jurisdiction in the local area, subregional area, and regional area.

Therefore, the analysis is both a project-level and cumulative analysis. As stated above, the increase of indirect population and housing, and direct employment associated with the proposed project would be within the forecasted population, housing, and employment projections for the Western Riverside subregional area and larger SCAG region, but would exceed projections at the local level for population and housing growth. Furthermore, cumulative development, similar to the proposed project, would also be required to support applicable policies provided by SCAG and the City of Corona General Plan. As such, implementation of the proposed project would not result in significant cumulative impacts associated with Table 4.K-6
General Plan Consistency Analysis
Applicable Goals/Policies/Programs Project Consistency Statement Goal 3.1 – Promote and maintain a balance of housing
types and corresponding affordability levels to provide for the community’s demands for housing within all
economic segments of the City.

Consistent. The proposed project would generate up
to 292 single-family homes. By adding new housing
units to the general housing supply, the Project would
support applicable housing policies of the City’s General Plan, SCAG’s RTP/SCS, and housing allocation goals of
the RHNA, and would help meet the housing demands of
the growing population of the City by contributing to
housing availability and opportunity in the project area.

Policy 3.3.1 – Provide public services and
improvements that enhance and create neighborhood
stability.

Consistent. Refer to Section 4.L. Public Services.

Source: City of Corona General Plan (2004) Housing Element and Final Housing Element 2013-2021 and PCR Services Corporation, 2014.

December 2015 4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-11 Table 4.K-7
Cumulative Population, Housing, and Employment Generation Related Project
Residential
(units)
Hotel
(acres)
Commercial/
Retail/
Restaurant
(acres)
Office
(acres)
Medical
Office
(acres)
Industrial
(acres)
School
(acres) Total
Foremost Communities (TTM 36541) 237 - - - - - - MBK Homes and Turner Development (TTM 35590, PP07-007)
288 - - - - 12.25 - Cesar Chavez School Expansion (DPR11-006) - - - - - - 2.15 Knowleton Communities (TTM 33135) 63 - - - - - - Knowleton Communities (PM 36250, PP09-004) - - 1.69 - - - - Rancho De Paseo Valencia (TTM 34760, Annex 110, SPA08-005 EIR)
34 - - - - - - DJJ Development (TTM 32386) 49 - - - - - - City of Corona Successor Agency/West Coast Development (TTM 34488, PP06-009)
194 - - - - - - Corona North Main, LLC Phase II (PP12-005) 453 - - - - - - Pecuniary Capital, LLC (TTM 35851, CUP10-017) 60 - - - - - - Mulligan-Allen & Associates (PM 35661, PP08- 001) 442 - - - - - - Sherborn, LLC (PM 33959) - - - - - 76 - Nova Homes (TTM 36533) 103 - - - - - - Cornerstone Enterprises (PM 36311, PP10-001, CUP10-003, 004; 005) - 0.89 4.06 - - - - Tri-Pointe Homes (TTM 36355, CUP14-001) 146 - - - - - - Gateway Business Park Crossings (PM 29503R, PP08-008)
- - 14.0 - - 14.0 - SE Corporation Lakeshore Plaza (PM 34890, PP06-006)
- - - 26.6 - - - Meridian Dos Lagos, LP (PM 34851, PP06-011) - - - 3.6 - - - Fu Bang Group (PM 33151, PP04-018) 92 - - - - - - Rexco Development (PP13-006) 354 - - - - - - Rexco Development - - - - - 29.0 - Arrantine Hills Specific Plan (SP09-001) 1,621 - 59.1 - - 18.6 -

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
Table 4.K-7 (Continued)
Cumulative Population, Housing, and Employment Generation City of Corona Skyline Heights Project PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-12 Related Project
Residential
(units)
Hotel
(acres)
Commercial/
Retail/
Restaurant
(acres)
Office
(acres)
Medical
Office
(acres)
Industrial
(acres)
School
(acres) Total
North Main Street District 404 - - - - - - Berzansky/PB Development - - - - 3.6 - - Westliving 112 - - - - - - Vulcan Materials - - - - - 100.0 - Sanre Corporation - - - - - 3.0 - Trammell Crow - - - - - 26.34 - Griffco Land LLC 125 - - - - - - Citrus Circle Apartments 42 - - - - - - Houman /Patel - - - 1.6 - - - ASTA /Strata 45 - - - - - - Subtotal Related Projects 4,864 0.89 93.86 31.80 3.60 279.19 2.15 Proposed Project 290 - - - - - - TOTAL 5,154 0.89 93.86 30.2 3.60 149.85 2.15 - Population (residents) 18,142 a 9 b 1,066b 650b 130 b 1,914 b 14b 21,927 Housing (units) 5,154 3 b 303 b 185 b 37 b 544 b 4b 6,229 Employment (employees) - 11c 1,212c 739 c 148 c 2,175 c 16 c 4,301 a
4,426 residential units X 3.52 persons per household = 15,580 persons (based on the average household size for the City of Corona is 3.52 persons/household per the U.S. Census Bureau (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed May 2014.) b Indirect housing growth is assumed to be one-quarter (25%) of employment growth, while indirect population growth is assumed to be one-quarter (25%) of employment multiplied by 3.52 persons per household. c
Project-related growth is based on 11.82 employees per acre of hotel; 12.91 employees per acre of retail; 23.25 employees per acre of office; 41.16 employees per acre of medical office; 7.79 employees per acre of industrial; 0.88 employees per acre of mining; and 7.46 employees per acre of middle schools per data presented in Table B-1 of the “Employment Density Study Summary Report”, prepared for SCAG by The Natelson Company (October 2001) for Riverside County. Assumes an FAR of 0.25 for commercial retail/restaurant and office uses and an FAR of 0.33 for Industrial uses.

Source: PCR Services Corporation, 2015

December 2015 4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-13
population, housing, and employment and no mitigation measures are required. Further, the proposed project’s contribution to cumulative impacts would not be considerable.

4. MITIGATION MEASURES
All impacts related to population, housing, and employment would be less than significant; as such, no mitigation measures are required.

5. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION
Project-related and cumulative impacts associated with population, housing, and employment growth would be less than significant.

4.K. Population, Housing, and Employment December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.K-14
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City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-1

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
L. PUBLIC SERVICES

INTRODUCTION
This section analyzes the potential impacts of the proposed project regarding public services including fire protection and emergency medical services, police protection and law enforcement services, parks and recreational services, schools, and library services that would serve the proposed project. Existing conditions and relevant regulations are described as well as the potential for the proposed project to impact public service facilities and the ability of the service providers to provide or maintain adequate services with implementation of the proposed project. Information in this section is based on correspondence with the City of Corona Fire Department (“CFD”), the City of Corona Police Department (“CPD”), the City of Corona Maintenance Services Department, the Corona-Norco Unified School District (“CNUSD”), and the City of Corona Public Library (“CPL”), a site-specific Radio Study prepared by Wavepoint Research, Inc. (“Wavepoint”) in September 2014, as well as information provided on the City’s website and in the City of Corona General Plan (“General Plan”) (2004), City of Corona General Plan Technical Background Report (“Technical Background Report”) (2004), City of Corona General Plan Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) (2004), the Santa Ana River Trail Master Plan (2011), the City of Corona Bicycle Master Plan (2001), and the CNUSD Facilities Needs Analysis (2012). Correspondence with the above-referenced agencies and the site- specific Radio Study are provided in Appendix J of this Draft EIR.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
a. Existing Conditions
(1) Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services
Fire protection and emergency medical services for both the City and the project site are provided by the CFD. The CFD deploys seven fire stations and staffs seven fire engines, one fire truck, one squad, and one battalion chief for a minimum daily staffing of 35 personnel. The fire engines and truck each have four personnel while the squad has two personnel and battalion chief with one.1 The proposed project is located within a very high fire hazard severity zone (“VHFHSZ”) within a State Responsibility Area (“SRA”).2 The project site is located within the district of Fire Station 6. However, for multiple unit responses, Fire Stations 1 and 3 also provide fire protection and emergency medical services to the project site. Further, a portion of the Project area and vicinity are covered by an aid agreement with the United States Forest Service (“USFS”), Riverside County Fire Department (“RCFD”), and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (“CAL FIRE”). Engine 6 is the first in responder with Engine 1, Engine 3, Truck 1, Squad 3, and Battalion Chief as back-up responders.3 Fire Station 1 (540 Magnolia Avenue), Fire Station 3 (790 S. Smith Avenue), and Fire Station 6 (110 W. Upper Drive) are located approximately 2.75 miles northeast, 2.75 miles north, and 1.7 miles east of the project site, respectively. The main access routes to the project site from Fires Stations 1, 3, and 6 are Upper Drive and Foothill Parkway. The CFD’s response time goal for the first in responder is six minutes, 90 percent of the time. For calendar year 2013, the average response time for Fire Station 6 was 1 Cindi Schmitz, CFD, Email correspondence, dated March 17, 2014. 2 Fire Hazard Severity Zones in SRA, Western Riverside County, adopted by CAL FIRE on November 7, 2007. 3 Cindi Schmitz, CFD, Email correspondence, dated March 17, 2014.

4.L. Public Services December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-2
five minutes and 30 seconds. Upon project implementation, the CFD anticipates a similar average response time for Fire Station 6 for calendar year 2014.4 The incident types, incident counts, and average response times of Fire Stations 1, 3, and 6 are identified below in Table 4.L-1, Fire Incident Types, Counts, and Average Response Times.

The CFD is funded largely through the City’s General Fund, with other funding coming from tax revenue, fees for services, a fee charged to the local ambulance company, the emergency medical service subscription program, and developer impact fees charged to all new development which are used on facilities and equipment.5 Currently, there are no immediate or future plans for expansion of fire facilities, staff, or equipment inventory.6
(2) Police Protection and Law Enforcement Services
Police protection and law enforcement services for both the City and the project site are provided by the CPD. The CPD is divided into three divisions within four police community/patrol zones: Field Services, Investigation Services, and Support Services. The CPD provides emergency police response, non-emergency police response, routine police patrol, crime investigation, offender apprehension, special response teams(i.e., SWAT), hostage negotiators, crime suppression teams, K9 teams trained in explosives/narcotics/missing persons, a traffic enforcement bureau, school resource officers, mounted patrol for special events, community awareness programs, and animal control. All patrol investigation and support services operate from the City’s main police station located at 730 Public Safety Way (previously named “Corporation Yard Way”), approximately 4.7 miles north of the project site. The project site is directly accessible from the main station with major roadways.7 In addition to the main station, the Zone 2 office, located at 340 N. McKinley Street, provides a satellite office for field officers. The Temescal Public Safety Facility, located at 3777 Bedford Canyon Road, is a joint CPD and CFD facility that includes living quarters, office facilities, and an apparatus garage.

The CPD staffing consists of 159 full-time sworn officers, 65 full-time civilian personnel, and 35 part-time personnel for a total of 259 employees with 59 patrol vehicles. The CPD averages 16 patrol officers on duty 24 hours a day, seven days a week with approximately 40 to 50 administrative and investigation staff available within the police station during normal business hours. The project site is located within police community/patrol zone 4 (“Zone 4”), which is roughly south of the State Route 91 (“SR-91”) Freeway, Main Street to the east, and the City boundary to the west. Zone 4 is 10.28 square miles and possesses approximately one-quarter of the City’s total population of 158,391 people. Zone 4 is patrolled by multiple police units with a minimum two units configured to patrol and remain within the zone 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Additional available units consist of roving units, traffic units, supervisors, and other specialized units. Police staffing is always under review and evaluated in order to maintain the sworn 4 Cindi Schmitz, CFD, Email correspondence, dated March 17, 2014. 5 Arantine Hills Specific Plan, Draft Environmental Impact Report, prepared by LSA, dated May 9, 2012. 6 Cindi Schmitz, CFD, Email correspondence, dated March 17, 2014. 7 Captain Jerry Rodriguez, Investigative Services Commander, Email correspondence, dated March 3, 2014.

December 2015 4.L. Public Services
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-3
officers to population ratio, maintaining an emergency response within five minutes or less, and retaining adequate officer availability.8 The CPD has a goal of responding to priority 1 (emergency) calls in five 8 Captain Jerry Rodriguez, Investigative Services Commander, Email correspondence, dated March 3, 2014.

Table 4.L-1
Fire Incident Types, Counts, and Average Response Times CFD Fire Station 1
Incident Type Incident Count
Average Response Times
(MM:SS)
Fire 55 05:44
Rupture/Explosion 2 06:47
EMS/Rescue 2,230 05:41
Hazardous Condition 19 06:39
Service Call 308 06:03
Good Intent 235 05:32
False Call 57 06:49
Total: 2,906 05:44
CFD Fire Station 3
Incident Type Incident Count
Average Response Times
(MM:SS)
Fire 80 05:46
Rupture/Explosion 2 06:09
EMS/Rescue 1,350 05:25
Hazardous Condition 26 06:45
Service Call 108 06:25
Good Intent 212 05:40
False Call 58 07:20
Total: 1,836 05:35
CFD Fire Station 6
Incident Type Incident Count
Average Response Times
(MM:SS)
Fire 25 06:36
Rupture/Explosion 1 06:20
EMS/Rescue 830 05:22
Hazardous Condition 14 07:49
Service Call 52 06:13
Good Intent 66 06:14
False Call 21 06:39
Totals: 1,009 05:30
Notes: EMS = emergency medical services; MM:SS = minutes: seconds.

Source: Cindi Schmitz, CFD, Email correspondence, dated March 17, 2014.

4.L. Public Services December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-4
minutes or less and 90 percent of the time, four minutes or less. In 2013, the CPD emergency response time average was five minutes and 11 seconds with 90 percent of the response times at four minutes and six seconds. For priority 2 (non-emergency) calls the response time was 13 minutes and 42 seconds. Currently, the CPD’s goal for emergency response times is met. The planned extension of Foothill Boulevard to the west side of the City is anticipated to enhance the flow of traffic creating increased access and response of police units to the entire area. However, the CPD continually researches and examines ways to improve response times and services.9
Law enforcement services within the City are funded through a variety of sources including tax revenues, penalties, service fees, development impact fees, asset forfeiture funds, traffic offender funds, the General Fund, and various grants. Grants include Supplemental Law Enforcement Service Funds (“SLESF”), COPS grants, the Edward Byrne JAG Grant, and the Office of Traffic Safety grants. Impact fees are updated on a regular basis and are intended to accommodate an adequate level of police service within the City.10 (3) Parks and Recreational Services
The City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department provides community services and recreational and leisure time opportunities for both the City and the project site. Additionally, the Maintenance Services Department maintains approximately 393 acres of developed parkland within the City.11 The existing ratio of developed parkland per resident on a City-wide bases is 0.00248 acres.12 A number of parks are located within the vicinity of the project site. The four nearest parks are classified as neighborhood parks, which would typically serve the neighborhood population of which they are located.

The nearest community park, which would likely serve the proposed project, Mountain Gate Park, is located approximately 1.4 miles east of the project site.13 Refer below to Table 4.L-2, Existing Parks Near the Project Site, for parks located near the project site and a summary of their park classification, size, location, amenities/activities and approximate distance/direction from the project site.

School recreation facilities are often open to the public during non-school hours. Typically, elementary schools provide additional recreation opportunities to surrounding neighborhoods, while junior high schools and high schools provide additional community-wide facilities. Formal agreements for general public use of school facilities have been made by the City and the CNUSD. Under these agreements, swimming pools and summer aquatics programs have been made available to the public. Other existing recreational resources within the City include community centers, multipurpose recreation centers, a senior center, several tennis courts, two skate parks, a gymnasium facility, and an auditorium within the City Hall Civic Center. Further, residents within the City have access to the nearby Cleveland National Forest, Chino Hills State Park, 9 Captain Jerry Rodriguez, Investigative Services Commander, Email correspondence, dated March 3, 2014. 10 Arantine Hills Specific Plan, Draft Environmental Impact Report, prepared by LSA, dated May 9, 2012. 11 Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014. 12 393 acres of developed parkland/158,391 residents = 0.00248 acres of developed parkland per resident per Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014. 13 Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014.

December 2015 4.L. Public Services
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-5
Featherly Regional Park, Prado Regional Park, Prado Basin, Santa Ana River Wildlife Area, Santa Ana River Trail (“SART”), and the Wardlow Wash which all provide regional facilities and recreational opportunities.14 Existing bike facilities located within the vicinity of the project site include Class II bikeway facilities located on Foothill Parkway east of Lincoln Avenue and Lincoln Avenue north of Foothill Parkway. Proposed bike facilities located within the vicinity of the project site include Class I bikeway facilities on Skyline Drive south of Foothill Parkway; Class II bikeway facilities on Foothill Parkway west of Lincoln Avenue and Lincoln Avenue south of Foothill Parkway; and Class III bikeway facilities on Mangular Avenue north of Foothill Parkway.15 Class I bikeway facilities are referred to as bike paths that provide a completely separated right of way for the exclusive use of bicycles and pedestrians with crossflow by motorists minimized. Class II bikeway facilities are referred to as bike lanes that provide a striped lane for one-way bike travel on a street 14 City of Corona General Plan Technical Background Report, prepared by EIP Associates, adopted March 2004. 15 City of Corona Bicycle Master Plan and Existing and Proposed Bicycle Facilities Map, prepared by Alta Transportation Consulting and Ryan Snyder Associates, dated May 31, 2001.

Table 4.L-2
Existing Parks Near the Project Site
Name
Type of
Park/Size Location Parks Amenities/Activities
Approximate
Distance/Direction
from project sitea Border
Park
Neighborhood
(2.28 acres)
2400
Boarder
Avenue
Tennis court, volleyball court, children’s play
equipment, barbecue area, drinking fountains,
ADA accessible

1.00 miles north
Mangular
Park
Neighborhood
(3.63 acres)
2200
Mangular
Avenue
Tennis court, children’s play equipment, and
drinking fountain 1.05 miles north
Ontario
Park
Neighborhood
(5.17 acres)
Ontario &
Via Pacifica
Softball field, basketball court, jogging course,
children’s play equipment, barbecue and picnic
area, covered shelter, bicycle racks, restrooms,
and drinking fountains

1.15 miles northeast
Buena
Vista Park
Neighborhood
(9.48 acres)
2515 Buena
Vista
Avenue
Softball field, children’s play equipment,
barbecue and picnic area, covered shelter,
restrooms, drinking fountains, ADA accessible

1.25 miles northeast
Mountain
Gate Park
Community
(21.07 acres)
3100 S.

Main Street
Softball field, tennis court, basketball court,
jogging course, children’s play equipment,
barbecue and picnic area, covered shelter,
bicycle racks, restrooms, and drinking fountains

1.4 miles east a Approximate distance/direction from project site in miles is a straight line distance, not a drive distance.

Source: Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014.; City of Corona Parks and Community Website, http://www.coronadwp.com/parkmaint/parksfacilities.shtml, accessed March 2014; PCR Services Corporation, 2014.

4.L. Public Services December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
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or highway. Class III bikeway facilities are referred to as bike routes that provide for shared use with pedestrian or motor vehicle traffic and are only identified by signage.16 (4) Schools
The CNUSD, kindergarten through twelfth grade (“K-12”), serves the City of Corona, the City of Norco, the City of Eastvale, the City of Jurupa Valley, and portions of unincorporated Riverside County, and the project site. The CNUSD operates 31 elementary schools, eight intermediate schools, five comprehensive high schools, and three alternative high schools.17 Student enrollment in the CNUSD tabulated for the 2012/13 school year was approximately 27,686 elementary school students, 8,529 intermediate schools students, and 17,641 high school students for a total enrolment of 53,856 students. A comparison of current and projected student enrollment to current capacity demonstrates that the CNUSD is still impacted at the intermediate school level but has some additional capacity to accommodate students from new residential development at both the elementary and high school levels.18 The project site is located within the attendance boundaries of Adams Elementary School, Raney Intermediate School, and the Corona High School.19 The Adams Elementary School is located at 2350 Border Avenue, approximately 1.50 miles north of the project site. The Raney Intermediate School is located at 1010 West Citron Street, approximately two miles northeast of the project site. The Corona High School is located 1150 W. 10th Street, approximately 2.50 miles northeast of the project site.
(5) Library Services
The CPL provides library services to the City and the project site. The CPL is the City’s only library branch while 13 libraries are located within the Riverside County Library System. The CPL is located at 650 South Main Street, approximately 2.84 miles northeast of the project site. The 62,000 square-foot CPL includes 40 staff members, a 170,440 item collection, computers, passport services, private study rooms, and free wireless fidelity (“Wi-Fi”). The CPL has 85,856 total borrowers of which are both residents and non- residents. Hours of operation include Monday thru Wednesday, 10:00 A.M-9:00 P.M., Thursday and Friday 10:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M., Saturday 12:00 P.M.-5:00 P.M. and closed on Sundays.20 b. Regulatory Framework
(1) Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services
(a) California Fire Code (“CFC”), 2010, California Code of Regulations (“CCR”), Title 24, Part 9 The CCR Title 24 (California Building Code [“CBC”]) is a compilation of building standards including fire safety standards for residential and commercial buildings. CBC standards are based on building standards that have been adopted by state agencies without change from a national model code; building standards based on a national model code that have been changed to address particular California conditions; and 16 Highway Design Manual, Chapter 1000, Bikeway Planning and Design, Topic 1001 – General Criteria, Section 1001.4 Definitions, June 26, 2006. 17 Nancy Baker, Facilities Supervisor, Corona-Norco Unified School District, Letter Correspondence, dated March 13, 2014. 18 Corona-Norco Unified School District School Facilities Needs Analysis, December 2012. 19 Nancy Baker, Facilities Supervisor, Corona-Norco Unified School District, Letter Correspondence, dated March 13, 2014. 20 Katherine Backus, Management Analyst, Corona Public Library, Letter Correspondence, dated February 27, 2014.

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building standards authorized by the California legislature, not covered by the national model code. Typical fire safety requirements of the CBC include: the installation of sprinklers in all high-rise buildings; the establishment of fire resistance standards for fire doors, building materials, and particular types of construction; and, the clearance of debris and vegetation within a prescribed distance from occupied structures in wildfire hazard areas. The CBC applies to all occupancies in California, except where more stringent standards have been adopted by local agencies. Specific CBC fire safety regulations have been incorporated by reference in the City of Corona Municipal Code (“CMC”). Chapter 7 of the CBC is incorporated by reference in Chapter 15.12 of the CMC regarding the use of fire-resistant building materials, fire suppression systems, and other fire safety elements related to the design and construction of buildings.

Chapter 9, Section 905 of the CBC is incorporated by reference in Chapter 15.12 of the CMC regarding fire protection systems.
(b) City of Corona Municipal Code, Title 15, Buildings and Construction, Chapter 15.12, Fire Code As set forth in Title 15, Buildings and Construction, Chapter 15.12, Fire Code of the CMC, the City has adopted and incorporated by reference into the CMC the International Fire Code (“IFC”) 2009 Edition and the CFC 2010 Edition, collectively referred to by the City as the “Fire Code”. All of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms referring to the CFC also pertain to the Fire Code for the City of Corona. (c) City of Corona Municipal Code, Title 3 Revenue and Finance, Chapter 3.36, Fire Facilities Fee It is the purpose and intent of this chapter to implement the City’s General Plan to attempt to assure that fire facilities which satisfy City standards are available concurrent with the need caused by new development within the City. Due to the location of certain development within the urban/wildland interface area by the Cleveland National Forest, such development will create a fire hazard impacts not found in other parts of the City. The City has established a fire facilities fee to fund the provision of fire provision services to property located within this urban/wildland interface.
(d) City of Corona General Plan (2004) – Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Police and Fire Services
Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Police and Fire Services, of the City of Corona General Plan includes goals and policies pertaining to programming fire personnel and facilities within the City. (2) Police Protection and Law Enforcement Services
(a) City of Corona General Plan (2004) – Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Police and Fire Services
Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Police and Fire Services, of the City of Corona General Plan includes goals and policies pertaining to programming police personnel and facilities within the City. (3) Parks and Recreational Services
(a) Quimby Act
Section 66477 of the California Government Code (“CGC”), also known as the Quimby Act, was enacted by the California legislature in 1965 to promote the availability of park and open space areas in response to

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California’s rapid urbanization and the need to preserve open space and provide parks and recreation facilities in response to this urbanization. The Quimby Act authorizes cities and counties to enact ordinances requiring the dedication of land, or the payment of fees for park and/or recreational facilities in lieu thereof, or both, by developers of residential subdivisions as a condition to the approval of a tentative map or parcel map. Under the Quimby Act, dedications of land shall not exceed three acres of parkland per 1,000 persons residing within a subdivision, and in-lieu fee payments shall not exceed the proportionate amount necessary to provide three acres of parkland, unless the amount of existing neighborhood and community parkland exceeds that limit. Thus, Chapter 16.35 of the CMC was enacted to ensure compliance with the Quimby Act as discussed below.
(b) City of Corona Municipal Code, Title 16, Subdivisions, Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and In Lieu Fees
Title 16, Subdivisions, Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and In Lieu Fees of the CMC, sets forth park and open space requirements and standards for determining park land dedication requirements as well as impact fees to provide residents with adequate open space. As stated in Section 16.35.060, land dedication, impact fees or a combination of both may be required so that three acres of park area are available for every 1,000 residents.
(c) City of Corona General Plan (2004) – Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Parks, Schools, and Libraries
Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Parks, Schools, and Libraries, of the City of Corona General Plan includes goals and policies pertaining to programming parks and recreational services within the City. (4) Schools
(a) California Department of Education (“CDE”)
The CDE administers California’s public education system at the State level and the State Board of Education, by statute, is the governing and policy-determining body of the CDE. The Board adopts rules and regulations for the governing of the State’s public schools. The State also provides funding through a combination of sales and income taxes. In addition, pursuant to Proposition 98, the State is also responsible for the allocation of educational funds that are acquired from property taxes. Further, the governing board of any school district is authorized to levy a fee, charge, dedication, or other requirement against any construction within the boundaries of the district, for the purpose of funding the construction or reconstruction of school facilities.21
(b) School Facility Act – Development Fees – Assembly Bill 2926 (“AB 2926”) – Senate Bill (“SB 50”) AB 2926 was enacted in 1986 by the State of California and added to the CGC as Section 65995. This Act authorized school districts to collect development fees for certain types of projects based on demonstrated need and generates revenue for capital acquisitions and improvements. It also establishes the maximum fees, adjustable for inflation, which may be collected under this Act. SB 50 subsequently revised the School Facilities Act by defining the Needs Analysis process in Sections 65995.5-65998 of the CGC, by allowing 21 California Education Code Section 17620(a)(1).

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school districts to collect fees higher than previously permitted to offset the costs associated with increasing school capacity needs as a result of new development. Developer fees for projects within the CNUSD boundaries are approved by the Board of Education and collected at the time of issuance of building permits. (c) Critically Overcrowded School Facilities Program – Assembly Bill (“AB 16”) In 2002, AB 16 created the Critically Overcrowded School Facilities program, which supplements the new construction provisions within the School Facilities Program (“SFP”). SFP provides State funding assistance for two major types of facility construction projects: new construction and modernization. The Critically Overcrowded School Facilities program allows school districts with critically overcrowded school facilities, as determined by the CDE, to apply for new construction projects in advance of meeting all SFP new construction program requirements. Districts with SFP new construction eligibility and school sites included on a CDE list of source schools may apply.
(d) City of Corona General Plan (2004) – Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Parks, Schools, and Libraries
Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Parks, Schools, and Libraries, of the City of Corona General Plan includes goals and policies pertaining to schools within the City. (5) Library Services
(a) City of Corona Municipal Code, Title 16, Subdivisions, Chapter 16.23, Development Impact Fees Section 16.23.080 of the CMC identifies the City’s Library Facility and Collection section of the Master Facility Plan which requires development impact fees to be charged to new development to maintain current levels of service to the City.
(b) City of Corona General Plan (2004) – Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Parks, Schools, and Libraries
Chapter 4, Infrastructure and Public Services, Parks, Schools, and Libraries, of the City of Corona General Plan includes goals and policies pertaining to libraries within the City.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
a. Methodology
(1) Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services
Fire protection and emergency medical service needs relate to the size of the population and geographic area served, the number and types of calls for service, and the characteristics of the community and the proposed project. Changes in these factors resulting from the proposed project may increase the demand for services.

The CFD evaluates the demand for fire protection and emergency medical services on a project-by-project basis to review a project’s emergency features and to determine if a proposed project would require additional equipment, personnel, new facilities, or alterations to existing facilities. Beyond the standards included in the CFC and the Fire Code, consideration is given to the size of the proposed project, uses proposed, fire flow necessary to accommodate the proposed project, response time, distance for engine and

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truck companies, fire hydrant sizing and placement standards, access, and the project’s potential to use or store hazardous materials. Based on these factors, a determination is made as to whether the CFD would require a new or physically altered facility to maintain current service levels, the construction of which could result in a potentially significant environmental impact. (2) Police Protection and Law Enforcement Services
The determination of significance relative to impacts on police protection and law enforcement services is based on the ability of the CPD to adequately serve the existing and future population. Based on these criteria, a determination was made as to whether police facilities could accommodate the additional demand for police protection services resulting from the proposed project without the need for a new facility or the alteration of existing facilities.
(3) Parks and Recreational Services
The analysis identifies park and recreational facilities and resources within the project area, identifies the approximate net population growth that would result from the proposed project, and provides a conclusion regarding the effects of the proposed project on park and recreational facilities and resources based on the proximity of the project site to designated recreational facilities and the project’s potential contribution to demand for future facilities.
(4) Schools
The analysis of enrollment effects on schools is based in part on the ability of CNUSD school facilities to accommodate the potential increase in students generated from development of the proposed project. The analysis estimates the number of students that would be generated by the proposed project using CNUSD student generation rates, and focuses on whether CNUSD school facilities expected to serve the proposed project would have sufficient available capacity to accommodate these students. The analysis addresses all levels of education facilities operated by the CNUSD (i.e., elementary, middle, and high schools); and focuses on the schools that would serve the project site. It also addresses state regulations, i.e. SB 50, and related development fees as a mechanism for providing new school facilities and addressing school impacts of the proposed project.
(5) Library Services
Potential project impacts on library services and facilities are determined based on identifying the primary service library or libraries that serve the project site, forecasting the number of residents generated by the proposed project, identifying the population within the library’s service area at the time of project buildout, combining the project’s resident population with the forecasted service area population, and comparing the combined population to the service population for the library as determined by CPL. b. Thresholds of Significance
Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines provides a checklist of questions to assist in determining whether a proposed project would have a significant impact related to various environmental issues including public services. Based on the following issue areas identified in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a significant impact relative to public services would occur if the project would result in the following:

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Threshold 1: Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Fire Protection (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-1 below); Police Protection (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-2 below); Parks (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-3 below);
Schools (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-4 below);
Other public facilities (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-5 below). Threshold 2: Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-3 below); Threshold 3: Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment (refer to Impact Statement 4.L-3 below); or
Threshold 4: Comply with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (refer to Impact Statement

4.L-6 below).
c. Project Design Features
Future development pursuant to the proposed project would comply with applicable State and local codes and building requirements related to fire safety and access for emergency vehicles in order to provide an adequate degree of fire and police protection services through proper design and to allow for acceptable response times for fire, police, and emergency medical services. Water infrastructure within the project area would also be constructed and improved as necessary to meet the minimum fire flow requirements of the CFD. The proposed project would further comply with all applicable State and local regulations related to parks and recreation services, schools, and library services.

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d. Analysis of Project Impacts
(1) Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services
Threshold Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered government facilities, the construction of which would cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Fire Protection?
Impact 4.L-1 Implementation of the proposed project could result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered government facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for fire protection and emergency medical services. However, compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and implementation of the project design features and prescribed mitigation measures would reduce potentially significant impacts in these regards to a less than significant level.

The proposed project would introduce 292 single-family detached residential dwellings that would generate an additional 1,028 persons.22 As described in the Existing Conditions section above, the CFD provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the project site. The project site is located within the district of Fire Station 6. However, for multiple unit responses, Fire Stations 1 and 3 also provide fire protection and emergency medical services to the project site. Fire Stations 1, 3, and 6, are located approximately 2.75 miles northeast, 2.75 miles north, and 1.7 miles east of the project site, respectively. Due to the close vicinity to multiple stations, the response time to the project site would be within the CFD’s response time goals for the first in responder of six minutes, 90 percent of the time. For calendar year 2013, the average response time for Fire Station 6 was five minutes and 30 seconds. Upon project implementation, the CFD anticipates a similar average response time for Fire Station 6 for calendar year 2014.23 The proposed project is located within a VHFHSZ within a SRA.24 Per the CFD, a fuel modification plan for the proposed project is required.25 Section 4.G, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, discusses the potential for impacts associated with wildland fires. Section 4.G provides a detailed discussion of the fuel modification zones proposed by the project, each of which would be designed specifically to help suppress a wildland fire in different ways. As discussed in Section 4.G, with implementation of the project design features and prescribed mitigation measures relating to fire prevention, any significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, would be minimized to the maximum extent feasible. As importantly, because the existing project site is not maintained as a fuel modification area and consists of uncontrolled wild land 22 The average household size for the City of Corona is 3.52 persons/household per the U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed May 2014. 292 single family homes X 3.52 persons = 1,028 persons. 23 Cindi Schmitz, CFD, Email correspondence, dated March 17, 2014. 24 Fire Hazard Severity Zones in SRA, Western Riverside County, adopted by CAL FIRE on November 7, 2007. 25 Cindi Schmitz, Corona Fire Department, Email correspondence, dated February 27, 2014.

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vegetation, existing single-family residences to the north, northeast, and east of the project site would gain increased protection from the spread of fire. As such, the proposed project would reduce the threat of wildland fires to people and structures in the project vicinity and thus, reduce the demand for fire services needed in the event of a wildland fire. In addition, in the event of a wildland fire in the project vicinity, the CFD has automatic aid agreements with all fire agencies in State. Please also refer to the discussion of impacts related to wildland fire hazards provided in Section 4.G, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, of this Draft EIR.

As required by the CFD, the project Applicant shall obtain CFD review and approval of the site plan, fuel modification plan, and project design features including, but not limited to roadways designed to meet or exceed minimum fire and emergency access requirements including ingress/egress; minimum driveway and fire lane width of 28 feet; minimum turning radii of 25 feet inside and 50 feet outside; grades not to exceed ten percent; adequate on-site space to park CFD apparatus; fire hydrant sizing, spacing minimum of 300 feet, and fire hydrant locations; fire protection systems including automatic fire sprinkler systems and fire alarms installed in each residence; minimum availability of firefighting water flow of 1,500 gallons per minute (“gpm”) at 20 pounds per square inch (“psi”) for two hours; and building materials compliant with the CBC Chapter 7A, Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildlife Exposure (Mitigation Measure PS-1).26 As described in the Project Design Features section above, water infrastructure within the project area would be constructed and improved as necessary to meet the minimum fire flow requirements of the CFD.

The ability of the water service provider to provide water supply to the project site is further discussed in Section 4.N, Utilities and Service Systems, of this Draft EIR. Conformance with these development/construction requirements and implementation of the project design features and prescribed mitigation measures reduces the risks associated with fire hazards.

No new fire protection facilities would be necessary as a result of project implementation.27 The CFD is funded largely through the City’s General Fund, with other funding coming from tax revenue, fees for services, a fee charged to the local ambulance company, the emergency medical service subscription program, and developer impact fees charged to all new development which are used on facilities and equipments.28 To further ensure that the provision of fire and emergency medical services is not eroded by future development, prior to the issuance of a building permit for the construction of the proposed project, the project Applicant shall pay the required service and development fees pursuant to the “Fire Facilities Fund” as amended in Chapter 3.36 of the CMC to the City for the public improvements and facilities associated with the CFD (Mitigation Measure PS-2). These fees would be utilized to fund capital costs associated with acquiring land for new fire stations, constructing new fire stations, purchasing fire equipment for new fire stations, and providing for additional staff as needed and as identified by the City and CFD.

As such, the incremental increase of 1,028 persons, when compared to the City’s population of approximately 158,391 people, would not be substantial enough to significantly impact fire and emergency medical services on a daily or annual basis. Overall, compliance with applicable regulatory requirements of the CFC, the CMC/Fire Code, the CFD, and implementation of the project design features and prescribed 26 Cindi Schmitz, Corona Fire Department, Email correspondence, dated February 27, 2014. 27 Ibid. 28 Arantine Hills Specific Plan, Draft Environmental Impact Report, prepared by LSA, dated May 9, 2012.

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mitigation measures, impacts related to fire protection and emergency medical services and facilities would be less than significant impact.
(2) Police Protection and Law Enforcement Services
Threshold Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which would cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Police Protection?
Impact 4.L-2 Implementation of the proposed project could result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for police protection and law enforcement services. However, compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and implementation of the project design features and prescribed mitigation measures would reduce potentially significant impacts in these regards to a less than significant level.

As described above in the Existing Conditions section, the project site is serviced by the CPD within Zone 4.

The City’s main police station is located at 730 Public Safety Way, approximately 4.7 miles north of the project site. The CPD staffing consists of 159 full-time sworn officers, 65 full-time civilian personnel, and 35 part-time personnel for a total of 259 employees with 59 patrol vehicles. Police staffing is always under review and evaluated in order to maintain the sworn officers to population ratio, maintaining an emergency response within five minutes or less, and retaining adequate officer availability. Currently, the CPD’s goal for emergency response times is met.29 As described in the Project Design Features section above, the proposed project provides development standards regulating vehicular circulation including emergency vehicle access.

With development of the site, patrol routes in the area would be slightly modified to include the project site; however, the CPD’s current adequate response times would not be substantially changed such that response time objectives are comprised in any manner.30 In 2013, Zone 4 had priority 1 response times averaging six minutes and three seconds with 90 percent of the response times at five minutes. Upon project implementation, response times to the project site should be within the Zone 4 response time goals.31 Further, the planned extension of Foothill Boulevard to the west side of the City is anticipated to enhance the flow of traffic creating increased access and response of police units to the entire area.32 As required by the CPD, the project Applicant shall be required to set aside land within the project site that would allow CPD, if determined to be necessary in the future, to construct an on-site radio facility site for increased police protection.
29 Captain Jerry Rodriguez, Investigative Services Commander, Email correspondence, dated March 3, 2014 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid.

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A site-specific radio study was prepared for the proposed project by Wavepoint in September 2014.33 The objectives of the radio study were to (1) assess the current coverage of the Corona public safety radio system based on the existing tower/antenna locations, (2) predict coverage in the proposed Skyline Heights development area for purposes of determining the potential requirement to improve coverage in said area by installing an additional communications site, and (3) provide coverage maps and assist the Applicant in technical discussions with the Corona radio system operators. The radio study analysis used conservative configuration parameters and also modeled worst-case (weakest) signal strength from each site. The results of the study show that the existing radio tower sites within the City of Corona’s Public Safety radio system provide adequate coverage to the proposed area of the Skyline Heights development. As such, CPD radio communications are anticipated to be maintained throughout the project site and surrounding area without the need for an on-site radio tower facility. However, as required by Mitigation Measure PS-3, below, the project Applicant would be required to set aside a portion of the project site, the size and location of which would be subject to review and approval by the CPD, for construction of such a radio tower facility should CPD determine that one is necessary in the future.

The CPD’s operating budget is generated through tax revenues, penalties, service fees, and allowed government assistance including the General Fund, development impact fees, asset forfeiture funds, traffic offender funds, and various grants.34 To further ensure that the provision of police protection and law enforcement services are not eroded by future development, prior to the issuance of a building permit for the construction of the proposed project, the project Applicant shall pay the required service and development fees to the City for the public improvements and facilities associated with the CPD (Mitigation Measure PS-4). These fees would be utilized to fund capital costs associated with acquiring land for new police facilities, constructing new police facilities, and providing for additional staff as needed and as identified by the City and CPD.

As such, compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements of the CPD, and implementation of the project design features and prescribed mitigation measures, impacts related to police protection and law enforcement services would be less than significant.
(3) Parks and Recreational Services
Threshold Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which would cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Parks?
32 Ibid. 33 Wavepoint Research, Inc., “Analysis of Corona, California Public Safety Radio Sites Coverage Predictions – Skyline Heights Development,” September 30, 2014. Included in Appendix J of this Draft EIR. 34 Arantine Hills Specific Plan, Draft Environmental Impact Report, prepared by LSA, dated May 9, 2012.

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Threshold Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
Threshold Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? Impact 4.L-3 Implementation of the proposed project could result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives parks and recreational facilities. Further, the proposed project could increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility could occur or be accelerated, and the proposed project could include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment.

However, compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and implementation of the project design features and prescribed mitigation measures would reduce potentially significant impacts in these regards to a less than significant level.

As described above in the Existing Conditions section, the City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department provides community services and recreational and leisure time opportunities for the project site. The department maintains approximately 393 acres of developed parkland within the City.35 The proposed project would generate an additional 1,028 residents, which would incrementally increase demand for park and recreational facilities in the project vicinity. A number of parks are located within the vicinity of the project site. The nearest community park, which would likely serve the proposed project, Mountain Gate Park, is located approximately 1.4 miles east of the project site.36 The Mountain Gate Park is currently heavily used.37 Existing bike facilities located within the vicinity of the project site include Class II bikeway facilities located on Foothill Parkway east of Lincoln Avenue and Lincoln Avenue north of Foothill Parkway.38 As described above, the City has a total of 393 acres of developed parkland.39 The existing ratio of developed parkland per resident on a City-wide bases is 0.00248 acres.40 The City has a recommended standard of 3.5 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents, or 0.00350 acres per resident.41,42 Therefore, an estimated total of 35 Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014. 36
Ibid. 37 Ibid. 38 City of Corona Bicycle Master Plan and Existing and Proposed Bicycle Facilities Map, prepared by Alta Transportation Consulting and Ryan Snyder Associates, dated May 31, 2001. 39 Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014. 40 393 acres of developed parkland/158,391 residents = 0.00248 acres of developed parkland per resident per Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014. 41 Steve Lawson, Senior Management Analyst, City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Department, Email correspondence, dated April 29, 2014. 42 3.5 acres/1,000 persons = 0.0035 acres per person.

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approximately 55443 acres of parklands are needed within the City to accommodate the City’s existing population of 158,391.44 Thus, this represents a parkland deficit of 161 acres.45 Since the Project would contribute new residents that would utilize City parks, impacts on City parks and recreational services are considered to be a potentially significant impact.

Three planned parks and recreation projects, Civic Center Gymnasium Improvements, Victoria Park Improvements ADA Interior Restroom Project, and the Butterfield Park Parking Lot Expansion would provide additional recreational opportunities.46 The Riverside County Regional Park and Open-Space District, the Cities of Corona and Norco, and the Jurupa Community Services District (“JCSD”) have entered a partnership to complete their portion of the regional Santa Ana River Trail which lies along the Santa Ana River between the downstream side of State Route 71 (“SR-71”) and the Hidden Valley Wildlife Area at the edge of the City of Riverside. Referred to as the Corona-Norco-Eastvale segment, it encompasses the Prado Dam and surrounding flood control basin, as well as the residential communities of Corona, Norco, and Eastvale. The construction of the trail would be divided into three phases with an estimated completion in the 2016-2020 time frame. The trail would be used by local pedestrians (i.e., exercise, walk the dog), long- distance walkers/runners, recreational equestrians, recreational bicyclists, and commuter bicyclists. The Santa Ana River Trail would provide the following amenities: a transportation hub, turn out and vista points, interpretative sites, parking for automobiles and equestrian rigs, overnight parking, bicycle racks, tie-ups for horses, horse corrals, equestrian centers, drinking water facilities for people and horses/dogs, shade trees or structures, regulatory signage, wayfinding signage, benches, trash cans, restrooms, and landscaping.47 Further, residents within the City, including the project site, have access to the nearby Cleveland National Forest, Chino Hills State Park, Featherly Regional Park, Prado Regional Park, Prado Basin, Santa Ana River Wildlife Area, Santa Ana River Trail (“SART”), and the Wardlow Wash which all provide regional facilities and recreational opportunities.48 Assuming the population increase of 1,028 residents at a 0.00350 acre City requirement per person (i.e., 3.5 acres per 1,000 residents); the proposed project would require that provision of approximately 3.6 acres of parkland. However, the proposed project is not proposing new park or recreational facilities. The City collects a park impact fee for residential projects which is used to fund the City’s park maintenance and improvement program. Thus, to mitigate the Project’s potentially significant impact and to ensure that the provision of parks and recreational services and facilities are not eroded by future development, the project Applicant shall comply with Municipal Code Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and In Lieu Fees. The City’s tentative map review authority shall determine whether land dedication, an in lieu fee, or a combination of the two shall be required in conjunction with its approval of a tentative map (Mitigation Measure PS-5). As such, compliance with applicable regulatory requirements of the Municipal Code and implementation of the 43 158,391 persons/1,000 persons = 158.39 X 3.5 acres of parkland = 554.37 acres of needed parkland. 44 City of Corona Total Population (2011) per the U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed March 2014. 45 393 acres of developed parkland – 554 acres of needed parkland = 161 acres of parkland deficit. 46 The City of Corona Library and Recreation Services Website, Recently Completed, Current & Planned Projects, http://www.coronadwp.com/parkmaint/projects.shtml, accessed May 2014. 47 Santa Ana River Trail Master Plan, Corona-Eastvale-Norco Segment State Route 71 to Hidden Valley Wildlife Area, prepared by The Dangermond Group, WRC Consulting, Inc., Michael Brandman Associates, and Kammeyer and Associates, dated June 2011 and the City of Corona Online Services Website, Santa Ana River Trail Documents, http://www.discovercorona.com/City-Departments/Parks- --Community-Services/Park-Development-(1)/Trail-Projects.aspx, accessed May 2014. 48 City of Corona General Plan Technical Background Report, prepared by EIP Associates, adopted March 2004.

4.L. Public Services December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-18
prescribed mitigation measure, the proposed project’s potentially significant impact related to park and recreational facilities would be reduced to less than significant. (4) Schools
Threshold Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which would cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Schools?
Impact 4.L-4 Implementation of the proposed project could result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for schools. This impact is considered less than significant with mitigation incorporated. As described in the Existing Conditions section above, the project site would be served by the CNUSD within the attendance boundaries of the Adams Elementary School, Raney Intermediate School, and the Corona High School, approximately 1.50 miles north, two miles northeast, and 2.50 miles northeast of the project site, respectively. The proposed project would generate an additional 1,028 persons. Based upon the CNUSD student generation factors, the proposed project would generate approximately 88 elementary age students (grades K-6), 25 intermediate students (grades 7-8), and 43 high school students (grades 9-12) for a total of 156 students. A comparison of current and projected student enrollment to current capacity demonstrates that the CNUSD is still impacted at the intermediate school level but has some additional capacity to accommodate students from new residential development at both the elementary and high school levels.49 The CNUSD cannot guarantee that the Adams Elementary School, Raney Intermediate School, and the Corona High School can or would continue to accept student enrollment. If these schools are at capacity and cannot accept students from the proposed project, the CNUSD would bus the students to the nearest schools with capacity.50 Pursuant to SB 50, payment of fees to the CNUSD is considered full mitigation for project impacts, including impacts related to the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts (Mitigation Measure PS-6). With implementation of the prescribed mitigation measure, impacts to schools would be less than significant.
(5) Other Public Facilities
Threshold Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which would cause significant 49 Corona-Norco Unified School District School Facilities Needs Analysis, December 2012. 50 Nancy Baker, Facilities Supervisor, Corona-Norco Unified School District, Letter Correspondence, dated March 13, 2014.

December 2015 4.L. Public Services
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-19
environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Libraries?
Impact 4.L-5 Implementation of the proposed project could result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered government facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for library services. This impact is considered less than significant with mitigation incorporated.

The proposed project would generate an additional 1,028 persons.51 Due to this incremental increase of population, when compared to the City’s population of approximately 158,391 people, the impact on library services is anticipated to be minimal and would not affect the CPL’s ability to provide library services. As described above in the Existing Conditions section, the project site is located within approximately 2.84 miles of the CPL. The proposed project would not be expected to affect the CPL. To ensure that the library services are not eroded by future development, prior to the issuance of a building permit for the construction of the proposed project, the project Applicant shall pay the required service and development fees pursuant to the Section 16.23.080 of the CMC and in the City’s Library Facility and Collection section of the Master Facility Plan to the City for the public improvements and facilities associated with the CPL (Mitigation Measure PS-7). These fees would be utilized to fund additional services and improvements that may be required to provide adequate library services to the project area. With implementation of the prescribed mitigation measure, impacts to library services and facilities would be less than significant. (6) Consistency With Regulatory Framework
Threshold Would the project conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan and municipal code) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? Impact 4.L-6 Implementation of the proposed project could conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the General Plan and Municipal Code). This impact is considered less than significant with mitigation incorporated.
(a) California Fire Code (“CFC”)
As noted previously, specific CBC regulations have been incorporated by reference in the Municipal Code.

Chapter 7 of the CBC, regarding the use of fire-resistant building materials, fire suppression systems, and other fire safety elements related to the design and construction of new buildings, and Chapter 9 of the CBC regarding fire protection systems, are incorporated by reference in the Municipal Code. As these regulations for fire safety have been incorporated into the City’s building code, and would therefore be incorporated into 51 The average household size for the City of Corona is 3.52 persons/household per the U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0616350.html, accessed March 2014. 292 single family homes X 3.52 persons = 1,028 persons.

4.L. Public Services December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-20
future developments on-site that are subject to review by the City, the proposed project would be consistent with the CFC and impacts would be less than significant. (b) Quimby Act
The proposed project would be required to pay development fees to fund public facilities within the City, which at the discretion of the City, can include park facilities. As such, the proposed project would be consistent with the Quimby Act and impacts would be less than significant in this regard. (c) California Education Code (“CEC”) and Senate Bill 50 (“SB 50”) The proposed project would be subject to the requirements of the California Education Code (“CEC”) and SB 50 regarding the provision and funding of necessary school facilities within school district boundaries. As the proposed project would pay requisite fees for all future development projects on-site, it would not conflict with the CEC or SB 50 and impacts would be less than significant. (d) City of Corona Municipal Code
Future development of on-site uses would be subject to all applicable requirements of the Municipal Code, including those related to fire safety, lighting, emergency vehicle access, and parkland standards, which are intended to minimize demands on fire, emergency medical, law enforcement services, and parkland within the City. Future development would also be subject to pay all applicable development fees for the public improvements and facilities associated with public services. As the proposed project would comply with applicable provisions of the Municipal Code, impacts would be less than significant with regard to public services.
(e) City of Corona General Plan
The City’s General Plan contains a number of goals and policies that are relevant to public services, including goals and policies contained Chapter 4 – Infrastructure and Public Services. As discussed below in Table 4.L-3, General Plan Consistency Analysis, the proposed project would not conflict with the applicable goals and policies of the City of Corona General Plan. As such, impacts would be less than significant.

Table 4.L-3
General Plan Consistency Analysis
Applicable Goals/Policies Project Consistency Statement Infrastructure and Public Services – Police and Fire Services Policy 9.1.3 – Assess the impacts of incremental increases in community development density and intensity and
subsequent impacts on traffic congestion, municipal
infrastructure capacity, and emergency response times.

Ensure through the design review process that new
development and re-development will not result in a
reduction of law enforcement services below acceptable, safe levels.

Consistent. Police staffing is always under review and
evaluated in order to maintain the sworn officers to
population ratio, maintaining an emergency response
within five minutes or less, and retaining adequate officer availability. Currently, the CPD’s goal for emergency
response times is met. Upon project implementation,
response times to the project site should be within the Zone 4 response time goals. Further, the planned
extension of Foothill Boulevard to the west side of the City is anticipated to enhance the flow of traffic creating

December 2015 4.L. Public Services
Table 4.L-3 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-21
Applicable Goals/Policies Project Consistency Statement increased access and response of police units to the entire area. As described in the Project Design Features section above, the proposed project provides development
standards regulating vehicular circulation including
emergency vehicle access.

Policy 9.1.5 – Require development projects to contribute fees based on their proportional impact and demand for
police services.

Consistent. The proposed project would contribute fees
per City requirements (refer to Mitigation Measure PS-4).

Policy 9.2.3 – Extend water distribution pipes to maintain and improve fire water flows.

Consistent. Water infrastructure within the project area would be constructed and improved as necessary to meet
the minimum fire flow requirements (1,500 gpm at 20 psi for two hours) of the CFD. The ability of the water service provider to provide water supply to the project site is further discussed in Section 4.N, Utilities and Service Systems, of this Draft EIR.

Policy 9.2.4 – Assess the impacts of incremental increases in community development density and intensity and
subsequent impacts on traffic congestion, municipal
infrastructure capacity, fire hazards, and emergency
response times. Ensure through the design review
process that new development and re-development will
not result in a reduction of fire protection services below acceptable, safe levels.

Consistent. As required by the CFD, the project Applicant shall obtain CFD review and approval of the site plan, fuel modification plan, and project design features including, but not limited to roadways designed to meet or exceed
minimum fire and emergency access requirements
including ingress/egress; minimum driveway and fire lane width of 28 feet; minimum turning radii of 25 feet inside and 50 feet outside; grades not to exceed ten percent;
adequate on-site space to park CFD apparatus; fire
hydrant sizing, spacing minimum of 300 feet, and fire
hydrant locations; fire protection systems including
automatic fire sprinkler systems and fire alarms installed in each residence; minimum availability of firefighting water flow of 1,500 gpm at 20 psi for two hours; and
building materials compliant with the CBC Chapter 7A,
Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildlife Exposure (Mitigation Measure PS-1). As described in the Project Design Features section above, water
infrastructure within the project area would be
constructed and improved as necessary to meet the
minimum fire flow requirements of the CFD.

Policy 9.2.5 – Require development projects to contribute fees based on their proportional impact and demand for
fire services.

Consistent. The proposed project would contribute fees
per City requirements (refer to Mitigation Measure PS-2).

Goal 9.4 – Require that all existing and new
development/redevelopment address provision of police
and fire protection in an active and preventative manner.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.1.3 and Policy

9.2.4. Policy 9.4.1 – Require adequate access for emergency vehicles, including adequate street widths and vertical clearance on new streets.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.1.3 and Policy

9.2.4. Policy 9.4.2 – Require all new commercial, industrial, institutional, multiple-unit residential and mixed-use
developments to install fire protection systems and
encourage the use of automatic sprinkler systems where
not otherwise required by existing codes and ordinances.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.2.4.

4.L. Public Services – WORKING DRAFT – December 2015
Table 4.L-3 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-22
Applicable Goals/Policies Project Consistency Statement Policy 9.4.3 – Request, wherever appropriate, that all
existing development install and maintain fire protection devices including automatic sprinkler systems.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.2.4.

Policy 9.4.4 – Require all existing and new development to install and maintain adequate smoke detection and
carbon monoxide detection systems, in accordance with
State statutory requirements.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.2.4.

Policy 9.4.5 – Require, through the development review
process, that all structures and facilities conform to
Federal, State and City regulatory standards and
applicable safety guidelines.

Consistent. The proposed project would comply with all
Federal, State and City regulatory standards and
applicable safety guidelines.

Policy 9.4.7 – Require all new development projects to
incorporate adequate egress systems in their design as
well as encourage existing structures to upgrade their
egress systems.

Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.2.4.

Policy 9.4.8 – Provide an adequate level of water-related infrastructure in development for use in the event of a fire.

Consistent. Refer to Policy 9.2.3 and Policy 9.2.4.

Policy 9.5.3 – Require that landscaping proposed
proximate to commercial, industrial, multiple-family,
institutional, and public structures be designed and sited to facilitate safety and security surveillance.

Consistent. Project design would landscape the project
site with low-growing groundcover and shade trees,
rather than a predominance of shrubs that could conceal potential criminal activity around buildings and parking areas.

Policy 9.5.4 – Develop methods through design,
enforcement, and engineering to reduce auto pedestrian
accidents. Consistent. Refer to response Policy 9.1.3 and Policy

9.2.4. Goal 9.6 – Address fire prevention measures on open space land to reduce the risk of wildland fires.

Consistent. Refer to Policy 9.2.3 and Policy 9.2.4. Section

4.G, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, discusses the
potential for impacts associated with wildland fires.

Section 4.G provides a detailed discussion of the fuel
modification zones proposed by the project, each of which would be designed specifically to help suppress a wildland fire in different ways. As discussed in Section 4.G, with implementation of the project design features and
prescribed mitigation measures relating to fire
prevention, any significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, would be minimized to the
maximum extent feasible. As importantly, because the
existing project site is not maintained as a fuel
modification area and consists of uncontrolled wild land vegetation, existing single-family residences to the north, northeast, and east of the project site would gain
increased protection from the spread of fire. As such, the proposed project would reduce the threat of wildland fires to people and structures in the project vicinity and thus, reduce the demand for fire services needed in the event of a wildland fire. In addition, in the event of a wildland fire in the project vicinity, the CFD has automatic aid
agreements with all fire agencies in State.

December 2015 4.L. Public Services
Table 4.L-3 (Continued)
General Plan Consistency Analysis
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-23
Applicable Goals/Policies Project Consistency Statement Infrastructure and Public Services – Parks, Schools, & Libraries Goal 8.2 – Provide an appropriate range of active and
passive parkland facilities to meet park acreage standards and to meet the recreational needs of Corona’s population. Consistent. The proposed project would contribute fees per City requirements (refer to Mitigation Measure PS-5) to fund City park maintenance and improvement
programs.

Policy 8.2.1 – Establish and maintain a standard of 4
acres of parkland per 1,000 residents in the City. Specific standards are as follows: 2.0 acres/1,000 for community parks; 2.0 acres/1,000 for (a combination of)
neighborhood, major, and special use parkland.

Consistent. Refer to response Goal 8.2.

Policy 8.3.1 – Require developers of new residential
developments of five or more dwelling units to provide
on-site recreational or open space amenities and/or a
contribute fees for the development citywide public
recreation facilities meeting demands generated by the
development’s resident population. Where there are
insufficient lands to provide on-site recreational/open space amenities, the developer will be required to provide the City of Corona with cash-in-lieu that would be used to develop or upgrade nearby recreation facilities and offset user demand.

Consistent. The proposed project is not proposing new
park or recreational facilities. The City collects a park impact fee for residential projects which is used to fund the City’s park maintenance and improvement program.

Thus, to mitigate the Project’s potentially significant impact and to ensure that the provision of parks and
recreational services and facilities are not eroded by
future development, the project Applicant shall comply
with Municipal Code Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and
In Lieu Fees. The City’s tentative map review authority shall determine whether land dedication, an in lieu fee, or a combination of the two shall be required in conjunction with its approval of a tentative map (Mitigation Measure PS-5).

Policy 8.4.1 – Continue to implement the Quimby Act and to provide credits to acquire land donations and/or
community recreational facilities.

Consistent. Refer to response Goal 8.2.

Policy 8.4.2 – Acquire parkland, community centers, and aquatic facilities through such financial means as the
Capital Budget process, scheduling of Quimby Act funds, Citywide development impact fees, and grants.

Consistent. Refer to response Goal 8.2.

Policy 8.14.4 – Require that residential development pay fees to school districts for the acquisition of school sites.

Consistent. The proposed project would contribute fees
per City requirements (refer to Mitigation Measure PS-6).

Policy 8.18.2 – Continue to utilize city-collected, library specific impact fees for the development of new and
maintenance of existing library facilities.

Consistent. The proposed project would contribute fees
per City requirements (refer to Mitigation Measure PS-7).

Sources: City of Corona General Plan, prepared by EIP Associates, adopted March 17, 2004; PCR Services Corporation, 2014.

3. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
(1) Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services
The proposed project, in combination with other cumulative projects would increase the population and introduce structures that would create increased demand for fire protection and emergency medical services in the City. This cumulative demand for fire protection and emergency medical services would require

4.L. Public Services December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-24
additional personnel and resources within the CFD to provide adequate service levels and to maintain existing response times. Individual developments are required to comply with pertinent provisions and standard conditions of the CFC, the CMC/Fire Code, and the CFD to minimize the potential for fire hazards, to promote fire safety, and to facilitate emergency response. Cumulative projects would be required to pay the required service and development fees for public improvements and facilities associated with the CFD. As such, with implementation of applicable mitigation measures, compliance with the CFC, the CMC/Fire Code, and the CFD, and required payment of fees, cumulative impacts would be less than significant and the project’s contribution to such impacts would not be considerable. (2) Police Protection and Law Enforcement Services
The proposed project, in combination with other cumulative projects would increase the population and introduce structures that would generate an increased demand for police protection and law enforcement services in the City. Annual evaluation of police protection services by the City would determine the adequacy of police protection and law enforcement services and the necessary resources to meet the public safety needs. Individual cumulative projects would be subject to review by the CPD to determine ways to reduce the potential for crime incidences and demand for police protection and law enforcement services.

Cumulative projects would be required to pay the required service and development fees for public improvements and facilities associated with the CPD. As such, with implementation of applicable mitigation measures and required payment of fees, combined with review/approval by the CPD, cumulative impacts would be less than significant and the project’s contribution to such impacts would not be considerable. (3) Parks and Recreational Services
Deterioration of recreational facilities and resources within the local project vicinity as a result of local and regional population growth would be repaired and replaced with funding such as in-lieu fees for parks or donations of parkland pursuant to the Municipal Code (Chapter 16.35). Individual development projects would be reviewed to determine their potential impact on recreational facilities and resources. The actual parkland dedication calculations and credit determinations would be based on the subdivision maps submitted for each residential development among the cumulative projects. As such, with implementation of applicable mitigation measures and the required payment of the Park Dedication and Fees Ordinance, cumulative impacts would be less than significant and the project’s contribution to such impacts would not be considerable.
(4) Schools
The proposed project, in conjunction with other cumulative projects would have indirect impacts to school facilities and services. Cumulative impacts on schools would be mitigated through the school facility improvements or payment of fees in accordance with SB 50 on a project-by-project basis. As such, cumulative impacts would be less than significant and the project’s contribution to such impacts would not be considerable.
(5) Library Services
The proposed project, in combination with other cumulative projects would increase the demand for library services. Cumulative projects would be required to pay the service and development fees for public improvements and facilities associated with the CPL system. As such, with implementation of applicable

December 2015 4.L. Public Services
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-25
mitigation measures and required payment of fees, cumulative impacts would be less than significant and the project’s contribution to such impacts would not be considerable.

4. MITIGATION MEASURES
The following mitigation measures provided are applicable to the proposed project and would be implemented, as necessary, to ensure that impacts related to public services are less than significant. a. Fire Protection
Refer to Mitigation Measures HAZ-1 and HAZ-2 in Section 4.7, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, regarding wildland fire hazards and Mitigation Measures UTIL-1 through UTIL-5 in Section 4.M, Utilities and Service Systems, related to utilities and infrastructure. The following mitigation measures are also prescribed.

Mitigation Measure PS-1: Prior to issuance of building permits, the project Applicant shall obtain CFD review and approval of the site plan, fuel modification plan, and project design features including, but not limited to roadway design to meet or exceed minimum fire and emergency access requirements including ingress/egress; driveway and fire lane width; turning radii inside and outside; grades/elevations; adequate on-site space to park CFD apparatus; fire hydrant sizing, spacing and locations; fire protection systems including automatic fire sprinkler systems and fire alarms installed in each residence; availability of adequate firefighting water flow; and approved building materials.

Mitigation Measure PS-2: Prior to the issuance of building permits, the project Applicant shall pay the required service and development fees pursuant to the “Fire Facilities Fund” as amended in Chapter 3.36 of the CMC to the City of Corona for the public improvements and facilities associated with the CFD.
b. Police Protection and Law Enforcement Services
Mitigation Measure PS-3: Prior to the issuance of building permits, the project Applicant shall reserve a portion of the project site for a future radio facility site, the specific size and location of which is subject to review and approval of CPD.

Mitigation Measure PS-4: Prior to the issuance of building permits, the project Applicant shall pay the required service and development fees to the City of Corona for the public improvements and facilities associated with the CPD.
c. Parks and Recreational Services
Mitigation Measure PS-5: Prior to the issuance of building permits, the project Applicant shall comply with the City of Corona Municipal Code (Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and In Lieu Fees). The City’s subdivision map review authority shall determine whether land dedication, an in lieu fee, or a combination of the two shall be required in conjunction with its approval of a subdivision map.

4.L. Public Services December 2015
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PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 4.L-26
d. Schools
Mitigation Measure PS-6: Pursuant to Section 65995 of the California Government Code, the project Applicant shall pay the required SB 50 mitigation fees to the CNUSD. e. Libraries
Mitigation Measure PS-7: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for the construction of the proposed project, the project Applicant shall pay the required service and development fees pursuant to the Section 16.23.080 of the CMC and in the City’s Library Facility and Collection section of the Master Facility Plan to the City of Corona for the public improvements and facilities associated with the CPL.

5. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION
Implementation of the recommended mitigation measures and payment of applicable development fees would ensure that impacts related to public services are less than significant.

City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-1

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
M. TRANSPORTATION

INTRODUCTION
This section provides an analysis of potential impacts associated with construction and operational traffic on roadway intersections and street segments. The section also addresses site access and circulation as well as project consistency with transportation plans and other relevant plans, policies, and regulations. Information for this analysis is based on a Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) dated July 2013 prepared for the proposed project by Linscott, Law & Greenspan, Engineers (LLG). The TIA is provided in Appendix K of this EIR. 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The site is located approximately three miles south of the Chino Valley Freeway (SR 7l) and the Riverside Freeway (SR 91) and approximately four miles west of Interstate 15 (I-15). Regional access to the site is provided by the SR 91. The site is located near the terminus of the Foothill Parkway and the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension would run through the site. Table 4.M-1, Summary of Characteristics of the Existing Street Network in the Site Vicinity, summarizes the characteristics of streets within the vicinity of the site.
a. Existing Roadway System
(1) Streets
Figure 4.M-1, Study Intersections and Roadway Segments, shows the street network within the vicinity of the site and identifies the study intersections and roadway segments within the study area. Table 4.M-1, Summary of Characteristics of the Existing Street Network in the Site Vicinity, summarizes the characteristics of streets within the vicinity of the site.
(2) Study Intersections and Roadway Segments
The 11 existing intersections and three (3) future study intersections and the 11 roadway segments evaluated in the TIA are listed in Table 4.M-2, Study Intersections and Roadway Segments. The lane geometrics of the study intersections are shown in Figure 4.M-2, Existing Roadway Conditions and Intersection Controls. The study intersections were designated for evaluation based on City of Corona TIA criteria and discussions with City staff. The roadway segments were selected based on the arterial network within the study area and discussions with City staff.
(3) Existing Public Transit
The study area is served by the Riverside Transit Agency (RTA) and the City of Corona Transit Service (CCTS) Corona Cruiser. No RTA routes traverse any study intersections analyzed in the TIA. The Corona Cruiser runs along pre-designated Blue Line and Red Line fixed routes. The Red Line route begins at

4.M. Transportation December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-2 Table 4.M-1
Summary of Characteristics of the Existing Street Network in the Site Vicinity Street
Circulation
Element
Designation Direction of Roadway No. of Lanes Traffic Control Speed Limit Bike Lane Parking Serfas Club
Drive
Major Arterial
(4-lanes)
North-South 4-lane,
undivided
roadway north
of Palisades Dr.; 4-lane, divided
roadway south
of Palisades Dr.
35 mph
north of
Palisades
Dr.; 40 mph
south of
Palisades Dr. Class II
Bike Lane
Permitted on both sides
within vicinity of site
Paseo Grande Collector Northeast-Southwest 2-lane,
undivided
roadway
Intersection of
Paseo
Grande/Green
River Rd. is
currently
uncontrolled; planned to be
signalized with the
Foothill Parkway
Extension
40 mph Not permitted on either
side within the site
vicinity
Border Avenue Collector Northeast-Southwest 2-lane, divided roadway
Intersection of
Border
Ave./Ontario Ave. is currently
uncontrolled
35 mph Permitted on the north
side of the
roadway/restricted on
the south side of the
roadway, within the site
vicinity
Via Pacifica Secondary
Arterial
North-South 4-lane, divided
roadway; south
of Ontario Ave.
2-lane
undivided
roadway
40 mph
north of
Ontario Ave.;
25 mph
south of
Ontario Ave.

Not permitted north of
Ontario Ave.; Permitted
south of Ontario Ave.

December 2015 4.M. Transportation
Table 4.M-1 (Continued)
Summary of Characteristics of the Existing Street Network in the Site Vicinity City of Corona Skyline Heights Project PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-3 Street
Circulation
Element
Designation Direction of Roadway No. of Lanes Traffic Control Speed Limit Bike Lane Parking Lincoln
Avenue
Major Arterial
south of Ontario
Ave.; Secondary
Arterial north of
Ontario Ave. North-South 4-lane, divided
roadway
Intersections of
Lincoln
Ave./Ontario Ave.
and Lincoln
Ave./Foothill
Parkway are
controlled by an 8- phase traffic signal
40 mph
north of
Ontario Ave.; 45 mph
south of
Ontario Ave.

Permitted on east
side/restricted on west
side north of Ontario
Ave.; not permitted on
either side south of
Ontario Ave. Green River
Road
Major Arterial
(6-lanes) west of
Palisades Dr.; Major Arterial
(4-Lanes) east of
Palisades Dr. East-West/SoutheastNorthwest
4-lane, divided
roadway
45 mph Not permitted on either
side within the site
vicinity
Ontario
Avenue
Collector west of
Mangular Ave.
and a Major
Arterial east of
Mangular Ave.

East-West 4-lane, divided
roadway; 2-
lane, divided
roadway west
of Avenida Del
Vista; 2-lane,
undivided
roadway
between
Avenida Del
Vista and
Border Ave.;2-
lane, divided
roadway
between Border
Ave. and Via
Pacifica

25 mph west
of Border
Ave.; 35 mph
between
Border Ave. and Via
Pacifica; 45
mph east of
Via Pacifica
Permitted on both sides
of roadway west of
Border Ave.; not
permitted on either side
of roadway east of
Border Ave.

4.M. Transportation December 2015
Table 4.M-1 (Continued)
Summary of Characteristics of the Existing Street Network in the Site Vicinity City of Corona Skyline Heights Project PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-4 Street
Circulation
Element
Designation Direction of Roadway No. of Lanes Traffic Control Speed Limit Bike Lane Parking Mesquite Lane 2-lane,
undivided
residential
roadway
25 mph Permitted on both sides
within site vicinity
Emerson Drive 2-lane,
undivided
residential
roadway
25 mph Permitted on both sides
within site vicinity
Peacock Lane 2-lane,
undivided
residential
roadway
25 mph Permitted on both sides
within site vicinity
Trudy Way 2-lane,
undivided
residential
roadway
25 mph Permitted on both sides
within site vicinity
Elvsia Street 2-lane,
undivided
residential
roadway
25 mph Permitted on both sides
within site vicinity
Foothill
Parkwaya Secondary Arterial
East-West 4-lane, divided
roadway
45 mph Not permitted on either
side within site vicinity
a Currently extends from Trudy Way in the west to the eastern City limits of Corona. Foothill Parkway will be extended from Trudy Way to adjoin with Green River Road at Paseo Grande with the Foothill Parkway Extension Project. Roadway improvements are expected to be completed by 2017.

Source: PCR Services Corporation, 2014

Study Intersec ons and Roadway Segments FIGURE
Skyline Heights Project 4.M-1
Source: Linsco , Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2013. N

Exis ng Roadway Condi ons and Intersec on Controls FIGURE Skyline Heights Project 4.M-2
Source: Linsco , Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2013. N

December 2015 4.M. Transportation
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-7
California Avenue and Ontario Avenue and ends at the Metrolink West Corona station. The route does not traverse any study intersections analyzed in this report. b. Existing Traffic Conditions
(1) Existing Traffic Volumes
Traffic counts were collected in February 2013 for the study intersection and roadway segment evaluated in the TIA. Figure 4.M-3, Existing A.M. Peak Hour Traffic Volumes, and Figure 4.M-4, Existing P.M. Peak Hour Traffic Volumes, shows the existing A.M. and P.M. peak hour traffic volumes, respectively, for the 11 existing study intersections.

Table 4.M-2
Study Intersections and Roadway Segments
Intersections

1. Serfas Club Drive at Green River Road

2. Paseo Grande at Green River Road

3. Paseo Grande at Ontario Avenue

4. Border Avenue at Ontario Avenue 5. Lincoln Avenue at Ontario Avenue

6. Border Avenue at Mesquite Lane

7. Border Avenue at Emerson Drive

8. Border Avenue at Peacock Lane

9. Lincoln Avenue at Foothill Parkway 10. Elvsia Street at Foothill Parkway

11. Trudy Way at Foothill Parkway

12. Chase Drive at Foothill Parkway [Future]

13. Border Avenue/B Street at Foothill Parkway [Future] 14. P Street at Foothill Parkway [Future] Roadway Segments

1. Green River Road between Serfas Club Drive and Paseo Grande

2. Paseo Grande between Ontario Avenue and Green River Road

3. Ontario Avenue between Paseo Grande and Border Avenue

4. Border Avenue between Via Pacifica and Ontario Avenue

5. Ontario Avenue between Border Avenue and Via Pacifica

6. Ontario Avenue between Via Pacifica and Lincoln Avenue

7. Lincoln Avenue between Citron Street and Ontario Avenue

8. Border Avenue between Ontario Avenue and Foothill Parkway

9. Lincoln Avenue between Ontario Avenue and Foothill Parkway

10. Foothill Parkway between Elysia Street and Lincoln Avenue

11. Foothill Parkway between Lincoln Avenue and Highgrove Street Source: LLG, 2013; PCR Services Corporation, 2014

4.M. Transportation December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-8
Intersections
Street system operating conditions are typically described in terms of level of service (LOS). LOS is a qualitative measure used to indicate the quality of traffic flow on intersections and roadway segments, and ranges from LOS A (free flow, little congestion) to LOS F (forced flow, extreme congestion). In conformance with City of Corona requirements, A.M. and P.M. peak hour operating conditions for the study intersections were evaluated using the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) operations method of analysis. LOS for signalized intersections is defined in terms of control delay, which is a measure of driver discomfort, frustration, fuel consumption and lost travel time. Table 4.M-3, Level of Service Criteria For Signalized Intersections (HCM Methodology), provides the LOS, control delay and a description of the performance rating scheme. For unsignalized intersections, LOS was determined using the HCM 2000 unsignalized methodology for stopcontrolled intersections. Table 4.M-4, Level of Service Criteria For Unsignalized Intersections (HCM Methodology), provides the delay per vehicle and a description for each performance rating scheme.

Currently, two of the 11 study intersections operate at unacceptable levels of service during the P.M. peak hour when compared to the LOS thresholds. The remaining 9 study intersections currently operate at acceptable levels of service during the A.M. and P.M. peak hours. The intersections operating at adverse levels of service are:

3. Paseo Grande at Ontario Avenue: LOS E during the P.M. peak hour

4. Border Avenue at Ontario Avenue: LOS F during the P.M. peak hour Roadway Segments
Figure 4.M-5, Existing Daily Traffic Volumes, presents the existing volumes of traffic on the study roadway segments. Daily operating conditions for the roadway segments are calculated according to the Volume to Capacity (V/C) ratio of each roadway segment. The V/C relationship is used to estimate the LOS of the roadway segment with the volume based on the 24-hour traffic volumes and the capacity based on the City’s classification of each roadway. Table 4.M-5, Level of Service Criteria For Roadway Segments (V/C Methodology), shows the categories of level of service along with the corresponding V/C value range. (See subsection 2.a., Methodology, for a more detailed discussion regarding the methodology and subsection 2.b., Thresholds of Significance, for the criteria used in the TIA.) Currently, one of the 11 study roadway segments operate at unacceptable level of service on a daily basis when compared to the LOS standards. The remaining 10 study roadway segments currently operate at acceptable levels of service on a daily basis. The roadway segment operating at adverse level of service is:

4. Paseo Grande between Ontario Avenue and Green River Road: LOS E c. Regulatory Framework
The City of Corona General Plan includes policies and goals that apply to traffic service levels and transportation infrastructure. A consistency analysis is provided in the Impact Analysis under Threshold 6; please see Table 4.M-10 below.

Exis ng AM Peak Hour Tra FIGURE c Volumes
Skyline Heights Project 4.M-3
Source: Linsco , Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2013. N

Exis ng PM Peak Hour Tra FIGURE c Volumes
Skyline Heights Project 4.M-4
Source: Linsco , Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2013. N

Exis ng Daily Tra FIGURE c Volumes
Skyline Heights Project 4.M-5
Source: Linsco , Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2013. N

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PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-12
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2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
a. Methodology
The TIA, which is a multi-step process, was conducted in accordance with the City of Corona TIA criteria and discussions with City staff. After taking existing traffic counts, trip generation, which estimates the total arriving and departing traffic on a peak hour and daily basis. Next trip distribution, which identifies the origins and destinations of inbound and outbound project-generated trips, was determined. These origins Table 4.M-3
Level of Service Criteria For Signalized Intersections (HCM Methodology) Level of Service
(LOS)
Control Delay Per Vehicle
(seconds/vehicle) Level of Service Description
A < 10.0
This level of service occurs when progression is
extremely favorable and most vehicles arrive during
the green phase. Most vehicles do not stop at all.

Short cycle lengths may also contribute to low delay.

B > 10.0 and < 20.0
This level generally occurs with good progression,
short cycle lengths, or both. More vehicles stop than
with LOS A, causing higher levels of average delay.

C > 20.0 and < 35.0
Average traffic delays. These higher delays may result
from fair progression, longer cycle lengths, or both.

Individual cycle failures may begin to appear at this
level. The number of vehicles stopping is significant at this level, though many still pass through the
intersection without stopping.

D > 35.0 and < 55.0
Long traffic delays. At level D, the influence of
congestion becomes more noticeable. Longer delays
may result from some combination of unfavorable
progression, long cycle lengths, or high v/c ratios.

Many vehicles stop and the proportion of vehicles not
stopping declines. Individual cycle failures are
noticeable.

E > 55.0 and < 80.0
Very long traffic delays. This level is considered by
many agencies to be the limit of acceptable delay.

These high delay values generally indicate poor
progression, long cycle lengths and high v/c ratios.

Individual cycle failures are frequent occurrences.

F 80.0
Severe congestion. This level, considered to be
unacceptable to most drivers, often occurs with over
saturation, that is, when arrival flow rates exceed the capacity of the intersection. It may also occur at high v/c ratios below 1.0 with many individual cycle
failures. Poor progression and long cycle lengths may
also be major contributing factors to such delay levels.

Source: Highway Capacity Manual 2000, Chapter 16 (Signalized Intersections)

4.M. Transportation December 2015
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PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-14
and destinations are typically based on demographics and existing/expected future travel patterns in the study area. The third step is traffic assignment, which involves the allocation of project-generated traffic to study area streets and intersections. Traffic assignment is typically based on minimization of travel time, which may or may not involve the shortest route, depending on prevailing operating conditions and travel speeds. Trip distribution patterns are indicated by general percentage orientation, while trip assignment allocates specific volume forecasts to individual roadway segments and intersection turning movements throughout the study area. With the forecasting process complete and project-generated trip assignments developed, the impact of the project is isolated by comparing operational LOS conditions at study intersections using expected future traffic volumes with and without forecast project-generated traffic. The various components of the traffic analysis are discussed in more detail below. (1) Study Timeframes
The HCM, Volume to Capacity (V/C) ratio and corresponding LOS calculations were performed at the study intersections and roadway segments for the following existing, near-term and long-term traffic scenarios:

A. Existing (Baseline) Conditions;
B. Existing (Baseline) With Project;
C. Scenario (B) with Recommended Improvements, if any;
D. Year 2020 Without Project;
E. Year 2020 With Project;
F. Scenario (E) with Recommended Improvements, if any;
G. Year 2035 Without Project;
H. Year 2035 With Project; and
I. Scenario (H) with Recommended Improvements, if any.

Table 4.M-4
Level of Service Criteria For Unsignalized Intersections (HCM Methodology) Level of Service
(LOS)
Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)
Delay Per Vehicle (seconds/vehicle) Level of Service Description A 10.0 Little or no delay
B > 10.0 and 15.0 Short traffic delays
C > 15.0 and 25.0 Average traffic delays
D > 25.0 and 35.0 Long traffic delays
E > 35.0 and 50.0 Very long traffic delays
F > 50.0 Severe congestion Source: Highway Capacity Manual 2000, Chapter 17 (Unsignalized Intersections).

December 2015 4.M. Transportation
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-15
Table 4.M-5
Level of Service Criteria For Roadway Segments (V/C Methodology) Level of Service
(LOS)
Volume to Capacity Ratio
(V/C) Level of Service Description
A 0.600
EXCELLENT. Describes primarily free flow operations
at average travel speeds, usually about 90% of the free flow speed for the arterial class. Vehicles are
completely unimpeded in their ability to maneuver
within the traffic stream. Stopped delay at signalized
intersections is minimal.

B 0.601 – 0.700
VERY GOOD. Represents reasonably unimpeded
operations at average travel speeds, usually about
70% of the free flow speed for the arterial class. The
ability to maneuver within the traffic stream is only
slightly restricted and stopped delays are not
bothersome. Drivers are not generally subjected to
appreciable tension.

C 0.701 – 0.800
GOOD. Represents stable conditions; however, ability
to maneuver and change lanes in mid-block location
may be more restricted than in LOS B, and longer
queues and/or adverse signal coordination may
contribute to lower average travel speeds of about
50% of the average free flow speed for the arterial
class. Motorists will experience appreciable tension
while driving.

D 0.801 – 0.900
FAIR. Borders on a range in which small increases in
flow may cause substantial increases in approach
delay and, hence, decreases in arterial speed. This may be due to adverse signal progression, inappropriate
signal timing, high volumes, or some combination of
these. Average travel speeds are about 40% of free
flow speed.

E 0.901 – 1.000
POOR. Characterized by significant approach delays
and average travel speeds of one-third the free flow
speed or lower. Such operations are caused by some
combination of adverse progression, high signal
density, extensive queuing at critical intersections, and inappropriate signal timing.

F > 1.000
FAILURE. Characterizes arterial flow at extremely low
speeds below one-third to one-quarter of the free flow
speed. Intersection congestion is likely at critical
signalized locations, with resultant high approach
delays. Adverse progression is frequently a
contributor to this condition.

LOS F applies whenever the flow rate exceeds the segment capacity.

Source: Transportation Research Board 2000.

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(2) Future Intersection and Roadway Improvements
The Foothill Parkway currently extends approximately five miles in the southern portion of the City of Corona to Trudy Way. The Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension, which has been anticipated since the 1980s, would consist of two miles of new four-lane highway from Trudy Way to Paseo Grande at Green River Road connecting Sierra del Oro to south Corona. The extension of Foothill Parkway is expected to provide traffic congestion relief to existing east-west City roads, including Ontario Avenue and 6th Street.

Connections to the new section of Foothill Parkway from both Border Avenue and Mangular Avenue, via Chase Drive, are part of the overall extension of the roadway. The Existing and Existing With Project scenarios do not assume the completion of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension, while the 2020 and 2035 scenarios assume the completion of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension.

For analysis purposes, various improvements have been assumed in the different scenarios. The Existing With Project scenario assumes that the planned improvements described below for the three affected intersections would be implemented as part of the development of the proposed residential project, since the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension is not assumed in the Existing With Project scenario:

Intersection 11 – Trudy Way at Foothill Parkway: Widen and/or restripe Foothill Parkway to provide a second eastbound through lane and a second westbound through lane.

Intersection 13 – Border Avenue/“B” Street at Foothill Parkway: Install a traffic signal and design for six-phase operation. Construct the south leg of “B” Street at this intersection and provide a shared northbound left-through-right turn lane. Construct the north leg of Border Avenue at this intersection and provide an exclusive southbound left-turn lane and a shared southbound through- right turn-lane. Construct the west leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive eastbound left-turn lane, an eastbound through lane and a shared eastbound through right turn-lane. Construct the east leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive westbound left-turn lane, a westbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turn-lane.

It should be noted that this planned traffic signal is a master-planned traffic signal to be installed by the City as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project.

Intersection 14 – “P” Street at Foothill Parkway: Construct a one-way stop-controlled intersection.

Construct the south leg of “P” Street at this intersection and provide an exclusive northbound left- turn lane and an exclusive northbound right-turn lane. Construct the west leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an eastbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turnlane. Construct the east leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive westbound left-turn lane and two westbound through lanes. There are no planned improvements to roadway segments in the Existing With Project scenario.

In the 2020 Without Project and 2020 With Project scenarios, the planned improvements described below would be implemented for the following five intersections and would be the sole responsibility of the Project if the Project were to be developed prior to the construction of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension:

Intersection 2 – Paseo Grande at Green River Road/Foothill Parkway: Install a traffic signal and design for six-phase operation. Widen the west leg of Green River Road at this intersection to provide a 2nd exclusive eastbound left-turn lane, an eastbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turn lane. Construct the east leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection to provide an

December 2015 4.M. Transportation
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-17
exclusive westbound left-turn lane, two westbound through lanes and an exclusive right-turn lane.

Construct the south leg of Paseo Grande at this intersection to provide a shared northbound left- through-right lane. Widen the north leg of Paseo Grande at this intersection to provide an exclusive southbound left-turn lane and a shared southbound through-right lane. It should be noted that these planned roadway improvements will be constructed as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project. In addition, this planned traffic signal (with the construction of the south and east legs) is a master-planned traffic signal to be installed by the City as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project
Intersection 11 – Trudy Way at Foothill Parkway: Widen and/or restripe Foothill Parkway to provide a second eastbound through lane and a second westbound through lane as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project.

Intersection 12 – Chase Drive at Foothill Parkway: Install a traffic signal and design for six-phase operation. Construct the south leg of Chase Drive at this intersection and provide a shared northbound left-through-right turn lane. Construct the north leg of Chase Drive at this intersection and provide an exclusive southbound left-turn lane and a shared southbound through-right turnlane. Construct the west leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive eastbound left-turn lane, an eastbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turn-lane.

Construct the east leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive westbound left-turn lane, a westbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turn lane. It should be noted that these planned roadway improvements will be constructed as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project. In addition, this planned traffic signal is a master-planned traffic signal to be installed by the City as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project.

Intersection 13 – Border Avenue/“B” Street at Foothill Parkway: Install a traffic signal and design for six-phase operation. Construct the south leg of “B” Street at this intersection and provide a shared northbound left-through-right turn lane. Construct the north leg of Border Avenue at this intersection and provide an exclusive southbound left-turn lane and a shared southbound through- right turn-lane. Construct the west leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive eastbound left-turn lane, an eastbound through lane and a shared eastbound through right turn-lane. Construct the east leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive westbound left-turn lane, a westbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turn-lane.

It should be noted that these planned roadway improvements will be constructed as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project except the south leg of the intersection, which is the Project access. In addition this planned traffic signal is a master-planned traffic signal to be installed by the City as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project Intersection 14 – “P” Street at Foothill Parkway: Construct a one-way stop-controlled intersection.

Construct the south leg of “P” Street at this intersection and provide an exclusive northbound left- turn lane and an exclusive northbound right-turn lane. Construct the west leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an eastbound through lane and a shared eastbound through-right turnlane. Construct the east leg of Foothill Parkway at this intersection and provide an exclusive westbound left-turn lane and two westbound through lanes. It should be noted that these planned roadway improvements will be constructed as part of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension Project except the south leg of the intersection, which is the Project access.

In addition, the following planned improvements are assumed for Roadway Segment 1:

4.M. Transportation December 2015
City of Corona Skyline Heights Project
PCR Services Corporation/SCH No. 2014021003 4.M-18
Roadway Segment 1 – Green River Road between Serfas Club Drive and Paseo Grande: Consistent with the City of Corona General Plan Circulation Element, Green River Road will be improved from a Two-Lane Divided Collector to a Four-Lane Divided Arterial along this roadway segment prior to the Project completion Year 2020.

These improvements would be the sole responsibility of the Project if the Project were to be developed prior to the construction of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension. In the 2035 Without Project and 2035 With Project scenarios, planned improvements are assumed at the same five intersections and one roadway segment as in the 2020 With and Without Project scenarios as described above. (3) Trip Generation
Trip generation is expressed in vehicle trip ends, defined as one-way vehicular movements, either entering or exiting the generating land use. The trip generation is based on the Ninth Edition of Trip Generation, published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE, Washington, D.C., 2012). Table 4.M-6, Project Trip Generation Rates, provides the forecast of the daily and peak hour project traffic volumes for a typical weekday. As shown in Table 4.M-6, the project would generate 2,780 daily trips (one half arriving, one half departing), with 219 trips (55 inbound, 164 outbound) in the A.M. peak hour and 292 trips (184 inbound, 108 outbound) in the P.M. peak hour on a typical weekday. (4) Trip Distribution
Project traffic volumes, both entering and exiting the site, were distributed and assigned to the adjacent street system in consultation with City staff based on the following considerations:

Table 4.M-6
Project Trip Generation Rates and Forecast
Project Description
Daily 2-
Way
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total
Trip Generation Factors:
210: Single Family Residential (TE/DU) 9.52 0.19 0.56 0.75 0.63 0.37 1.00 Proposed Project Trip Generation Forecast:

Single Family Residential - Phase I (157 DU) 1,495 30 88 118 99 58 157 Single Family Residential - Phase II (90 DU) 857 17 50 68 57 33 90 Single Family Residential - Phase III (45 DU) 428 8 25 33 28 17 45 Proposed Project (292 DU) Trip Generation Forecast 2,780 55 164 219 184 108 292 TE/DU = Trip ends per Dwelling Unit
DU = Dwelling Units
Source: Trip Generation, 9th Edition, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Washington, D.C. (2012). Average rates used; Linscott, Law & Greenspan, July 2013

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The site’s proximity to major traffic carriers (i.e., SR 91 Freeway); Expected localized traffic flow patterns based on adjacent street channelization and presence of traffic signals, and the future Foothill Parkway Extension project; The traffic-carrying capacity and travel speed available on roadways serving the site; Existing intersection traffic volumes; and
Ingress/egress availability at the site.

Because of the timing of the completion of the Foothill Parkway Extension project, the Existing Conditions trip distribution is made without the Foothill Parkway Extension (see Figure 5-1) of the TIA) while the future directional trip distribution pattern includes the Foothill Parkway Extension (see Figure 5-2 of the TIA). The A. M. and P.M. traffic volumes under existing conditions at the 14 study intersections are shown in Figures 5- 3 and 5-4, respectively, of the TIA. The daily traffic volumes under existing conditions on the 11 study roadway segments is shown in Figure 5-5 of the TIA. Figures 5-6 and 5-7 of the TIA show the Future Conditions in the A. M. and P.M. hours respectively at the 14 study intersections and Figure 5-8 of the TIA shows the Future Conditions daily volumes on the 11 study roadway segments.

Traffic counts were collected in February 2013 for the study intersection and roadway segment evaluated in the TIA.
(5) Level of Service
Street system operating conditions are typically described in terms of LOS, which is a qualitative measure used to indicate the quality of traffic flow on intersections and roadway segments, and ranges from LOS A (free flow, little congestion) to LOS F (forced flow, extreme congestion). The following describes the methodology for determining projected LOS for signalized and unsignalized intersections as well as roadway segments.
(a) Signalized Intersections
In conformance with City of Corona requirements, A.M. and P.M. peak hour operating conditions for the study intersections were evaluated using the HCM operations method of analysis. Level of service for signalized intersections is defined in terms of control delay, which is a measure of driver discomfort, frustration, fuel consumption and lost travel time. The delay experienced by a motorist is made up of a number of factors that relate to control, geometries, traffic and incidents. Control delay includes initial deceleration delay, queue move-up time, stopped delay and final acceleration delay. (b) Unsignalized Intersections
In accordance with the requirements of the City of Corona, A.M. and P.M. peak hour operating conditions for the unsignalized study intersections were evaluated using the HCM 2000 unsignalized methodology for stop- controlled intersections. For all-way stop-controlled intersections, this methodology estimates the average control delay for each of the subject movements and determines the level of service for each movement. The overall average control delay measured in seconds per vehicle and level of service is then calculated for the entire intersection. For one-way and two-way stop-controlled (minor street stop-controlled) intersections,

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this methodology estimates the worst side street delay, measured in seconds per vehicle and determines the level of service for that approach.
(c) Roadway Segments – V/C Ratio
In conformance with the City of Corona requirements, the first step is to calculate daily operating conditions for the study roadway segments according to the V/C ratio of each roadway segment. The V/C relationship is used to estimate the LOS of the roadway segment with the volume based on the 24-hour traffic volumes and the capacity based on the City’s classification of each roadway. (6) Cumulative Development
The TIA contains two future year scenarios, Year 2020 and Year 2035, which both include traffic generated by other development projects. These two scenarios represent a near-term and long-term cumulative analysis. The TIA was conducted using the City’s travel demand model developed by LSA Associates, Inc. for the City of Corona Circulation Element Update. The Year 2035 General Plan Buildout traffic volume forecasts were obtained through utilization of the City’s model, which is based on data from the Revised Travel Demand Model of the City of Corona’s General Plan, with selected regional projects from the SCAG Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) added as well as the Riverside County to Orange County connection project.

Thus, the model provides the Year 2035 General Plan Buildout traffic conditions. The Year 2020 Without Project traffic volumes were obtained by interpolating between the Existing and Year 2035 Without Project traffic volumes, as well as reducing the Year 2035 Without Project traffic volumes by fifteen percent (15%) [one percent (1%) per year for fifteen (15) years].
b. Thresholds of Significance
Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines (the Initial Study Environmental Checklist form) and the City’s Initial Study Checklist include questions relating to the transportation system that are utilized as the thresholds of significance in this section, in addition to the City of Corona’s Circulation Element and guidelines for the assessment of traffic impacts.
(1) Intersections
The City of Corona considers LOS D to be the minimum acceptable LOS for all intersections that consist of collector and arterial roadways and LOS E for Green River Road at SR-91 Ramps and Dominguez Ranch Road intersections based on the City of Corona General Plan Circulation Element Policy 6.1.6.1 In addition, the City of Corona considers LOS C to be the minimum acceptable LOS for local and collector streets in residential and industrial areas.
1 The City of Corona General Plan Circulation Element Policy 6.1.6 states “At some key locations, such as at heavily traveled freeway interchanges, LOS E may be adopted as the acceptable standard, on a case-by-case basis.” During the course of the Foothill Expansion Project development and the preparation of the Draft EIR for that project, the City of Corona staff reviewed this policy, and determined that, due to the close proximity of the segment of Green River Road to SR-91 and the roadway segment’s characteristics, this portion of Green River Road meets the criteria. The determination is documented in the City’s Draft EIR for the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension (dated August 2008).

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Threshold 1: A significant intersection impact would occur if the project would reduce the LOS below LOS D with the exception of Green River Road at SR-91 Ramps and Dominguez Ranch Road intersections for which LOS E is acceptable (refer to Impact Statement 4.M-1 below). (2) Roadway Segments
The City of Corona considers LOS D to be the minimum acceptable LOS for all roadway segments that consist of collector and arterial roadways and LOS E for Green River Road west of Palisades Drive based on the City of Corona General Plan Circulation Element Policy 6.1.6. In addition, the City of Corona considers LOS C to be the minimum acceptable LOS for local and collector streets in residential and industrial areas.

Threshold 2: A significant impact would occur to a roadway segment if the project would reduce the LOS below LOS D with the exception of the segment of Green River Road west of Palisades Drive for which LOS E is the minimum acceptable LOS (refer to Impact Statement 4.M-2 below). (3) Other Criteria
The project would result in a significant impact if the project would:

Threshold 3: Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (refer to Impact Statement 4.M-3 below).

Threshold 4: Result in inadequate emergency access (refer to Impact Statement 4.M-4 below).

Threshold 5: Result in insufficient off-street parking that would not comply with the City of Corona parking requirements (refer to Impact Statement 4.M-5 below).

Threshold 6: Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities, or otherwise decrease the performance or safety of such facilities (refer to Impact Statement 4.M-6 below).
c. Project Design Features
Vehicle access to the site would be from the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension, which would be constructed along the northeast side of the property. Access to the south edge of the site would be via Trudy Way, which currently serves Subdivision Tract 31955. The central access point from the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension would be at “P” Street and access to the northerly sector would be via “B” Street, which would align with Border Avenue. The access points along Trudy Way and “B” Street will be gated. The project would result in a dedication of approximately 21.38 acres from the 270.9-acre for the alignment of the Foothill Parkway Westerly Extension. Roadway development within the subdivision would be completed in compliance with the City’s requirements. “P” Street would be developed to meet “local collector,” 88-foot-wide standards. Eighty-eightfoot-wide “local collector” standards require a 16-foot-wide raised, landscaped median; two 24-foot-wide, two-lane roadways; five-foot-wide sidewalks; and seven-foot landscaped parkways. Trudy Way and “B” Street would be developed to meet “local collector,” 68-foot-wide standards. These “local collector”