Dinuba City Council
September 8, 2026

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
50 Although no recycled water project is currently in operation, treated effluent from the WWTF remains a potential future local supply source. Potential reuse applications may include agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation for parks and public facilities, roadway medians, industrial reuse, construction water, or groundwater recharge subject to future regulatory approvals. Initial opportunities would most likely occur near the WWTF or along cost-effective pipeline corridors.

Currently, the technical and economic feasibility of recycled water implementation is constrained by treatment upgrade costs, storage needs, transmission infrastructure, seasonal demand patterns, operational requirements, and available funding. No funded recycled water capital projects are currently planned during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.

Based on current conditions, there are no projected recycled water use through 2050 unless future projects are identified and implemented. Because the City does not currently use recycled water and has no planned recycled water projects at this time, Submittal Tables 6-4 (Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area) and 6-5 (2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual) are not applicable to this UWMP.

The City will continue to evaluate future opportunities to beneficially reuse treated wastewater as part of its long-term water supply and groundwater sustainability planning efforts.

6.1.5.5. Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier… and shall include the following:
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.

Consistent with CWC Section 10633(g) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, urban water suppliers are required to describe actions planned to encourage and optimize future recycled water use. The City of Dinuba does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system and does not have funded recycled water expansion projects planned during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon. Accordingly, no specific recycled water implementation actions or quantifiable increases in recycled water use are identified at this time.

While no near-term expansion projects are currently planned, the City recognizes that treated effluent from the City’s WWTF may represent a potential long-term supplemental water resource. As future conditions warrant, the City may evaluate opportunities to optimize recycled water use through feasibility studies, treatment upgrades, storage improvements, transmission infrastructure, and identification of nearby non-potable demands such as parks, landscaped areas, agricultural irrigation, public facilities, or groundwater recharge projects subject to regulatory approval.

Because the City does not currently plan to expand recycled water use during the planning horizon, Submittal Table 6-6 (Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use) is not applicable to this UWMP.

The City will continue to monitor future opportunities to beneficially reuse treated wastewater as part of long-term water supply planning.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
51 6.1.6. Desalinated Water Opportunities
CWC Section 10631(g)
Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.

The City has evaluated the potential for desalinated water as a long-term water supply in accordance with CWC Section 10631(g). Due to the City’s inland location and significant distance from the Pacific Ocean, development of ocean desalination facilities or conveyance infrastructure to deliver desalinated seawater directly to the service area is not considered technically or economically feasible.

Similarly, there are no known brackish groundwater sources within or near the City’s service area that would support development of a brackish water desalination project.

Based on these factors, desalinated water is not currently a feasible or planned water supply option for the City of Dinbua but may be revisited as part of future regional water supply planning efforts.

6.1.7. Water Exchanges or Transfers
CWC Section 10631(c)
Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.

The City of Dinuba does not currently participate in any water transfers or exchange programs and has no existing contractual arrangements for imported water supplies through transfer or exchange mechanisms.

6.1.8. Supply from Storage
For purposes of this UWMP, “supply from storage” refers to water that was previously placed into surface or groundwater storage in a prior year and is subsequently withdrawn for use during the reporting year.

Consistent with the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, only water that was stored prior to the current reporting year and later extracted is reported as supply from storage to avoid double counting of water supplies.

The City does not rely on long-term surface or groundwater storage as a primary water supply source.

While the City operates storage tanks within its distribution system, these facilities are used for operational and system balancing purposes (meeting peak demand, maintaining pressure, and providing emergency storage) and do not function as long-term storage from which water is later withdrawn as a distinct supply source.

6.1.9. Other
The “Other” water supply category is used to report any water sources that are not adequately described by the defined supply categories in this UWMP. For the 2025 reporting year, the City does not have any water supplies that fall outside of the standard supply categories.

6.1.10. Future Water Projects
CWC Section 10631 (f)
Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
52 supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.

The City of Dinuba continues to evaluate and implement capital improvement projects to ensure adequate water supplies are available to meet projected future demands, enhance system reliability, and maintain operational resiliency during normal, dry, and extended drought conditions. As part of its long-term water supply planning efforts, the City has identified two key infrastructure projects anticipated to be completed during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.

The first project is the construction of Well No. 21, a new potable groundwater well anticipated to provide approximately 900 gpm of additional groundwater supply capacity. Based on projected operating conditions, Well No. 21 is expected to yield approximately 473 MG annually of additional potable water supply, helping meet future demand growth while increasing operational flexibility and system redundancy.

The second project involves the replacement of an existing 0.25 MG water storage tank with a new 1.0 MG storage tank. While the project does not create a new water supply source or increase the quantity of water available, it will significantly improve system reliability, emergency storage capacity, fire-flow capabilities, and operational flexibility. The additional storage volume will enhance the City's ability to manage peak demands and maintain service during outages, emergencies, and drought-related operational constraints.

Both projects are currently funded through grant programs and are anticipated to be completed by 2027.

Actual implementation schedules may be adjusted based on grant funding requirements, permitting, environmental review, and construction timelines.

Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (Submittal Table 6-7) Name of Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project with other
suppliers?
Water
Type
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned for
Use in Year
Type
Expected
Increase in
Water Supply
to Supplier
(MG)
Yes/No
If Yes,
Supplier
Name
Well No. 21 No - Potable 2027 Average Year 473
Water Tower(1) No - Potable 2027 Average Year 0.00
NOTES:
(1)The water storage tank project does not increase the quantity of available water supply but improves system reliability, emergency storage, fire-flow capacity, and operational flexibility.

6.2. Summary of Existing and Planned Sources
CWC Code 10631

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
53 (b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), providing supporting and related information, including all of the following… (b)(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies. (h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same fiveyear increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with subdivision (f). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).

The City of Dinuba currently relies primarily on local groundwater supplies to meet its municipal potable water demands. Groundwater extracted from the City’s municipal well system is conveyed through the potable distribution system to serve residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape, and public customers throughout the service area. Since the City’s water supply is solely groundwater, water supply management focuses on the coordinated operation of municipal wells, storage tanks, booster facilities, and related distribution infrastructure to efficiently meet seasonal demands while maintaining system reliability, operational flexibility, and adequate fire flow capacity. The City continuously monitors groundwater production, storage levels, and system operations to support reliable water service and longterm water supply sustainability.

The City does not receive wholesale imported water supplies under contract and therefore is not dependent on a wholesale agency for municipal potable supply. However, the City may evaluate future opportunities for supplemental surface water supplies, groundwater recharge, recycled water development, or regional supply partnerships as part of long-term water resource planning.

Table 6-6 summarizes the City’s actual water supplies in 2025 by source category. As shown, total potable supplies in 2025 were approximately 1,555 MG.

Water Supplies — 2025 Actual (Submittal Table 6-8)
Water Supply
2025
Water
Type
Actual
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Groundwater (not desalinated) Potable 1,555 1,555
Subtotal Potable 1,555 1,555
Subtotal Non-Potable 0 0
TOTAL 1,555 1,555
Table 6-7 summarizes the projected water supplies available to the City.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
54 Water Supplies — Projected (Submittal Table 6-9)
Water
Supply
Water
Type
Projected Water Supply
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Groundwater
(not
desalinated)
Potable 1,694 1,694 1,846 1,846 2,014 2,014 2,198 2,198 2,400 2,400 Subtotal Potable 1,694 1,694 1,694 1,846 1,846 2,014 2,014 2,198 2,198 2,400 Subtotal Non-Potable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 1,694 1,694 1,694 1,846 1,846 2,014 2,014 2,198 2,198 2,400

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
55 6.3. Energy Use
CWC Section 10631.2. (a)
In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems.
(5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.

In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include, to the extent the information can be readily obtained, estimates of the amount of energy used to extract, convey, treat, store, and distribute water supplies, as well as any other energy-related information deemed appropriate by the urban water supplier.

In accordance with CWC Section 10631.2(a), this section summarizes the electrical energy associated with the production and distribution of potable water within the City of Dinuba's service area. The information presented is based on metered PG&E utility billing records and operational data available for calendar year 2025 and is intended to provide a planning-level evaluation of the City's energy use associated with water system operations.

The City relies exclusively on locally extracted groundwater supplied through its municipal well system. As a result, the primary energy demands associated with the potable water system are related to groundwater extraction and pumping. Electrical energy is consumed to operate municipal well pumps that produce groundwater for delivery directly into the distribution system or to storage facilities. Additional energy is associated with maintaining system pressures and distributing potable water throughout the City's service area.

Two municipal wells are equipped with on-site solar photovoltaic systems that offset a portion of the electrical demand associated with groundwater production. During the 2025 reporting period, PG&E utility records documented self-generated renewable energy exports for Well No. 19. Although Well No. 20 is also equipped with a solar photovoltaic system, the PG&E billing records provided to the City did not include separate imported and exported electricity values for that account. Consequently, the quantity of self-generated renewable energy reported in this UWMP reflects only the renewable energy documented through the available utility records for Well No. 19. Energy consumption reported for Well No. 20 is based on the metered net electricity usage reported by PG&E, representing the best available information for the reporting period.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
56 Energy intensity represents the amount of electrical energy required to produce and deliver a unit volume of potable water and is expressed in kilowatt-hours per million gallons (kWh/MG). For the City of Dinuba, this includes the electrical energy required for groundwater extraction, pumping, storage, and distribution operations. Energy consumption was evaluated for the period of January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025, using DWR's recommended Total Utility Approach (Optional Submittal Table O-1B).

During calendar year 2025, the City produced and delivered approximately 1,555 MG of potable water while consuming approximately 1.93 million kWh of electricity for potable water operations, resulting in an overall system energy intensity of approximately 1,241 kWh/MG. Based on the available PG&E utility records, the City's potable water system generated and exported approximately 237,443 kWh of renewable electricity from Well No. 19 during the reporting period. Additional renewable energy is generated by the solar photovoltaic system serving Well No. 20; however, because complete import and export data were not available from the utility billing records, that renewable generation could not be quantified and is therefore not included in the reported self-generated renewable energy total. Detailed supporting information and data quality documentation are provided in the Appendix E.

Recommended Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (Submittal Table O-1C)
Water Delivery Product Retail Potable
Deliveries
Only for Water Delivery Products Under the
Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control
Start Date of Reporting
Period 1/1/2025
Sum of All
Water
Management
Processes
Non-Consequential
Hydropower
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded
energy in the values
reported?
No
Units of Measure for Water MG Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility Volume of Water Entering Process 1,555 0 1,555
Energy Consumed (kWh) 1,930,043 0 1,930,043
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG) 1,241 0 1,241 As discussed in Section 6.1.5, the City collects, treats, and disposes of wastewater generated within its service area through the City's municipal wastewater collection and treatment system. The following summarizes the electrical energy associated with the collection, conveyance, and treatment of wastewater during the reporting period of January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. Wastewater system energy intensity represents the amount of electrical energy required to collect, convey, treat, and discharge wastewater and is expressed as kkWh/MG of wastewater processed.

Based on metered PG&E utility billing records and operational flow data, the City's wastewater collection system conveyed approximately 733 MG of wastewater and consumed approximately 28,805 kWh of electricity during the reporting period, resulting in an energy intensity of approximately 39.3 kWh/MG.

The wastewater treatment plant treated approximately 684 MG of wastewater while consuming approximately 48,190 kWh of electricity, resulting in an energy intensity of approximately 70.5 kWh/MG.

Overall, wastewater operations consumed approximately 76,994 kWh of electricity and had a combined energy intensity of approximately 54.3 kWh/MG.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
57 The City's wastewater treatment plant is equipped with an on-site solar photovoltaic system that offsets a portion of the facility's electrical demand. However, the PG&E utility billing records provided by the City reported only net electricity usage and did not include separate imported and exported electricity values associated with the Net Energy Metering (NEM) account. Consequently, the quantity of self-generated renewable energy associated with the wastewater treatment plant could not be quantified and is not reported in this UWMP. The reported treatment energy therefore reflects the metered net electricity usage recorded by PG&E and represents the best available information for the 2025 reporting period.

Detailed supporting calculations, energy use summaries, and data quality documentation are provided in Appendix E.

Recommended Energy Reporting - Wastewater and Recycled Water (Submittal Table O-2) Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025 Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban End Date of Reporting Period 12/25/2025 Water Supplier's Operational Control Is upstream embedded energy
in the values reported? No Water Management Process
Units of Measure for Water MG Collection /
Conveyance Treatment Discharge / Distribution Total
Volume of Wastewater Entering Process (MG) 733 684 0 1,417 Wastewater Energy Consumed (kWh) 28,805 48,190 0 76,994 Wastewater Energy Intensity (kWh/volume) 39 70 0 54
Volume of Recycled Water Entering Process MG) 0 0 0 0
Recycled Water Energy Consumed (kWh) 0 0 0 0
Recycled Water Energy Intensity (kWh/volume
converted to MG) 0 0 0 0

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 58 CHAPTER 7 - WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT

RISK ASSESSMENT
Assessing water service reliability is the fundamental purpose for the UWMP and a core requirement of the UWMPA. Water service reliability reflects the ability of the City of Dinuba to meet the current and projected water needs of its customers under a range of hydrologic, regulatory, and operational conditions.

Consistent with CWC Sections 10631(c) and 10635, this chapter evaluates the reliability of City’s water supplies by comparing projected water demands with available supplies under varying conditions, including normal years, single dry years, and droughts lasting five consecutive years. This analysis considers multiple factors that may influence supply reliability, including hydrologic variability, climate change, regulatory constraints, infrastructure limitations, and operational considerations.

The City of Dinuba relies primarily on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. As such, water supply reliability is closely tied to groundwater availability, basin conditions, and long-term sustainability efforts under the SGMA. As documented in regional groundwater planning efforts, the Kings Subbasin has been identified as a critically overdrafted basin and is being actively managed to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040 through coordinated implementation of GSPs. These efforts play a key role in maintaining long-term water supply reliability for the City.

This chapter also addresses water quality and its potential influence on water supply reliability and management strategies. Because the City relies on groundwater as its sole source of supply, water quality considerations are an important component of system operations and planning. Groundwater quality in the region may be influenced by both naturally occurring constituents and anthropogenic factors, including agricultural activities. Maintaining compliance with drinking water standards and addressing constituents of concern, such as nitrate and other regulated contaminants, is essential to ensuring a reliable potable water supply. As groundwater conditions evolve under SGMA implementation, ongoing monitoring and management of water quality will remain a critical component of the City’s water supply reliability framework.

Additionally, this chapter includes a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) that evaluates the reliability of the City’s water system over a continuous five-year drought period. The DRA provides a forward-looking assessment of risks associated with extended drought conditions and supports proactive planning and implementation of shortage response actions.

The water service reliability assessment presented in this chapter summarizes City’s expected ability to meet projected demands under normal, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions for planning horizon years 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, and 2050. This evaluation provides the basis for identifying potential supply shortages and informs the City’s water shortage contingency planning, demand management strategies, and long-term resource planning.

7.1. Constraints on Water Sources
CWC Section 10631 (b)(1)

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 59 A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.

CWC Section 10634
The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

CWC Section 10635 (b)(2)
A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.

This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.

CWC Section 10635 (b)(4)
Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

Water supply reliability is influenced by a range of physical, regulatory, and operational factors that may affect the availability of water under varying conditions, including normal years, single dry years, and droughts lasting five consecutive years or longer. This section describes key constraints that may affect the reliability of each water supply source, including water quality considerations, climatic variability, and legal and institutional factors.

As previously stated, the City relies solely on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. Accordingly, the reliability of the City’s water supply is directly tied to groundwater conditions, including basin hydrology, recharge, and long-term sustainability under the SGMA. The Kings Subbasin is identified as a critically overdrafted basin and is being managed to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040 through coordinated groundwater sustainability plans.

The factors summarized below may influence groundwater supply availability and are incorporated into the City’s water supply reliability assessment and DRA.

7.1.1. Water Quality
Water quality is a key factor influencing water supply reliability, as it may affect the suitability of groundwater for potable use and require operational responses such as treatment, blending, or well management. The City relies exclusively on groundwater from the Kings Subbasin, and therefore maintains an ongoing water quality monitoring program in accordance with regulatory requirements to ensure compliance with applicable drinking water standards.

Water quality data for the City’s active supply wells are available through the State’s Drinking Water Watch database. The most recent monitoring results for Well Nos. 11, 15, 16, 18, 19, and 20 are summarized in Table 7-1. Monitoring data for Well No. 17 were not available at the time of this UWMP.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 60 Groundwater Quality by Well
Constituent
Raw Water
MCL
Well 11 Well 15 Well 16 Well 18 Well 19 Well 20
Primary
Aluminum, µg/L <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 1,000
Antimony, µg/L <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 6
Arsenic, µg/L 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.1 <2 3.9 10
Barium, µg/L <50 <50 75 66 59 56 1,000
Beryllium, µg/L <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 4
Cadmium, µg/L <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 5
Chromium, µg/L <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 50
Cyanide, µg/L <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 150
Fluoride, mg/L 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.15 2
Hexavalent chromium, µg/L 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.4 2.3 10
Mercury, µg/L <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 2
Nickel, µg/L <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 100
Nitrate (as Nitrogen), mg/L 5.1 5.3 3.9 21 25 25 45
Nitrate + Nitrite (sum as Nitrogen), mg/L 5.1 5.3 3.9 4.0 6.2 5.1 10 Nitrite (as nitrogen), mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1 Perchlorate, µg/L <1 <1 <1 1.1 1.4 <1 6
Selenium, µg/L <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 50
Thallium, µg/L <1 <1 <1 <2 <2 <2 2
Secondary
Color, Units <5 <5 <5 15 <5 <5 15
Copper, µg/L <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 12 1,000.0
Foaming Agents (MBAS), mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.5 Iron, µg/L <30 <30 <30 240 <30 <30 300
Manganese, µg/L <10 <10 <10 31 <10 <10 50
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), µg/L <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 13 Odor (Threshold at 60°C), Ton <1 <1 1.3 <1 <1 <1 3
Silver, µg/L <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 100
Thiobencarb, µg/L <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 70
Turbidity, NTU 0.17 0.12 0.10 10 0.12 0.11 5
Zinc, µg/L <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 450 5,000
Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L 230 190 260 220 370 250 1,000 Specific Conductance, µS/L 300 270 470 330 530 390 1,600 Chloride, mg/L 8.9 6.2 33 20 32 20 500
Sulfate, mg/L 8.5 8.3 8.9 7.0 19 11 500

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 61 As shown in Table 7-1, the majority of detected constituents are below established primary and secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). However, certain constituents, most notably nitrate, exhibit elevated concentrations in several wells. While most wells remain below the MCL for nitrate as nitrogen (10 mg/L), higher concentrations observed in select wells indicate localized groundwater quality variability that may influence operational use. Secondary constituents such as iron, manganese, and turbidity also vary by well but generally remain within acceptable ranges or are managed operationally.

Groundwater quality conditions in the Kings Subbasin are influenced by both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic factors, including agricultural practices, consistent with regional findings identifying nitrate as a primary constituent of concern.Under the SGMA, maintaining groundwater quality is a key sustainability objective, and long-term basin management is intended to avoid significant and unreasonable degradation of water quality.

Overall, existing groundwater quality does not currently limit the availability of supply for the City; however, continued monitoring, well-specific management, and coordination with regional groundwater sustainability efforts will be important to maintaining long-term water supply reliability.

7.1.2. Climatic Changes
Climatic and hydrologic conditions are key factors influencing long-term water supply reliability. The City of Dinuba operates within a semi-arid region of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, where water supply and demand are closely tied to temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration patterns. As required by CWC Sections 10630 and 10635(b), this UWMP considers both historical climate variability and projected climate change impacts in evaluating future water supply reliability.

Climate change projections for California indicate increasing temperatures, more variable precipitation patterns, and a greater frequency and duration of drought conditions. These changes may influence water demand within the City through increased outdoor irrigation requirements, longer dry seasons, and higher evapotranspiration rates. Warmer conditions and extended dry periods may result in higher peak demands and increased overall water use, particularly during summer months.

From a supply perspective, the City relies exclusively on groundwater from the Kings Subbasin; therefore, climate change impacts are primarily reflected through changes in groundwater recharge and regional basin conditions. Information from the Kings River East GSA GSP indicates that while total precipitation and surface water inflows may not change significantly in the long term, the timing and distribution of these hydrologic inputs are expected to shift. Specifically, more precipitation is projected to occur as rainfall rather than snowpack, with runoff occurring earlier in the year, potentially reducing the availability of water for groundwater recharge during critical periods.

In addition, climate projections indicate modest increases in evapotranspiration, which may reduce the effectiveness of natural recharge and increase irrigation demands. While overall precipitation totals are projected to remain relatively consistent, increased variability and changes in seasonal distribution may result in more frequent periods of drought and reduced recharge opportunities. Over time, these factors may contribute to increased reliance on groundwater and additional stress on the Kings Subbasin, which is already identified as critically overdrafted.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 62 Despite these projected changes, the Kings River East GSA GSP indicates that overall long-term water supply conditions can be managed through implementation of SGMA, including groundwater recharge, demand management, and coordinated basin-wide sustainability actions. The City’s water supply planning assumptions are consistent with the GSP and incorporate these anticipated climate-related impacts.

Overall, while climate change introduces uncertainty in both water demand and groundwater conditions, the City does not anticipate immediate limitations on supply availability under normal conditions.

However, continued monitoring, adaptive management, and coordination with regional groundwater sustainability efforts will be essential to maintaining long-term water supply reliability under changing climatic conditions.

7.1.3. Legal and Institutional Constraints
Legal and institutional factors may influence the availability and reliability of water supplies available to the City. The City of Dinuba relies exclusively on groundwater from the Kings Subbasin; therefore, regulatory requirements governing groundwater management represent the primary institutional constraint on water supply availability.

The Kings Subbasin is designated by the State of California as a critically overdrafted basin and is subject to management under SGMA. As a result, groundwater use within the basin is regulated through the Kings River East GSA and its adopted GSP. The GSP establishes long-term sustainability criteria, including measurable objectives and minimum thresholds for groundwater levels, water quality, land subsidence, and interconnected surface waters. Implementation of SGMA may result in future limitations on groundwater pumping, increased monitoring and reporting requirements, and the need for demand management or recharge projects to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040.

In addition to SGMA-related requirements, the City’s water system operations are subject to applicable federal, State, and local regulations governing drinking water quality, system operations, and environmental compliance. These include regulations administered by the SWRCB-DDW, which establish MCLs and operational requirements that may influence the use of individual wells or require treatment to maintain compliance.

Currently, the City does not rely on imported water supplies, contractual surface water deliveries, or interagency transfer agreements; therefore, no contractual supply limitations or third-party delivery constraints affect the City’s water supply. However, regional groundwater management decisions, regulatory actions, and evolving water policy may affect long-term supply availability and are considered in the City’s planning assumptions.

Overall, while no immediate legal or institutional constraints currently limit the City’s ability to meet water demands under normal conditions, ongoing SGMA implementation and regulatory compliance will play a significant role in shaping future groundwater availability and long-term water supply reliability.

7.2. Water Service Reliability Assessment
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.

This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 63 the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

Water supply reliability is evaluated based on the characteristics of City’s water supplies under representative water year types. In accordance with CWC Section 10635(a), the City’s water service reliability is assessed under three hydrologic conditions, which are described in the following sections.

7.2.1. Year Type Characterization
For evaluating water supply reliability, the City has defined representative water year types based on historical supply records. These year types are intended to reflect a range of hydrologic conditions and corresponding supply availability that may be experienced during the planning horizon. • Normal Year – A normal year represents typical water supply conditions under average hydrologic conditions. This could be a single year or averaged range of years that most closely represents the average water supply available to the Supplier. For this UWMP, the normal year supply was determined based on the average volume of potable water supplied by the City over the representative period of 2001 through 2025. During this period, the average annual potable water supply was approximately 1,559 MG. This value is used to represent the volume of potable water available under normal conditions.
• Single Dry Year – A single dry year represents the year with the lowest recorded water supply available to the City. Based on historical records, 2016 is identified as the single dry year, during which City supplied approximately 1,274 MG of potable water. This value is used to represent reduced supply availability under dry year conditions.
• Five-Consecutive Year Drought – A five-consecutive year drought represents an extended period of reduced water supply availability and is defined as the driest five-year sequence based on historical records. For this UWMP, the City evaluated potable water supply data over the period from 2001 through 2025 to identify the lowest consecutive five-year average. The period from 2012 through 2016 represents the driest five-year sequence, during which the average annual potable water supply was approximately 1,642 MG. During this period, the volume of potable water supplied decreased at an average annual rate of approximately 10.6 percent. This period is used to represent extended drought conditions for the reliability assessment.

Table 7-2 summarizes the City’s historical supply reliability under the representative water year types described above. The available supply columns present both the volume and corresponding percentage of potable water supply that would be expected if hydrologic conditions similar to each year type were to recur.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 64 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (Submittal Table 7-1) Year Type Base Year
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
☐
Check the box if quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with this table
and is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.

Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.

Volume Available % of Average Supply
Average Year 2001 - 2025 1,559 100%
Single-Dry Year 2016 1,274 82%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year(1) 2012 1,642 100%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year(1) 2013 1,467 94%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year(1) 2014 1,312 84%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year(1) 2015 1,172 75%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year(1) 2016 1,048 67%
NOTES:
(1)Assumes a 10.6 percent decrease in the available water supply from previous year.

7.2.2. Supply and Demand Comparison
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.

This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

This section presents a comparison of the City’s projected water demands and available water supplies to evaluate the reliability of water service under normal, single dry year, and multiple dry year conditions.

This assessment compares total projected water use with available water supplies over a 20-year planning horizon, in five-year increments, and is based on the demand projections presented in Chapter 4 and the supply projections presented in Chapter 6.

The following subsections evaluate water supply reliability by comparing total annual supply and demand for each representative water year type for the years 2025 through 2050. This analysis provides the basis for determining whether sufficient supplies are available to meet projected demands under varying hydrologic conditions.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 65 7.2.2.1. Normal Year
As discussed in Chapter 6, the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. Under normal year conditions, groundwater has historically provided a reliable and drought-resilient source of supply. Based on available basin data and current groundwater management efforts, including implementation of the GSPs, the City does not anticipate that normal hydrologic variability will result in a reduction of available water supplies sufficient to impact service reliability. The Kings Subbasin GSPs have been approved by the DWR and are being implemented to achieve long-term sustainability by 2040, which supports continued reliability of groundwater supplies.

While groundwater conditions are subject to long-term variability, the City’s system of multiple municipal wells provides operational flexibility and redundancy, further supporting reliability during normal year conditions. In addition, the City has developed a comprehensive WSCP, presented in Chapter 8, to address potential supply disruptions and ensure continued service under a range of hydrologic conditions.

Table 7-3 presents a comparison of projected water supplies and demands under normal year conditions.

As shown, projected supplies are equal to projected demands throughout the planning horizon. Supply and demand totals are consistent with those presented in Table 6-7 and Table 4-5, respectively. Based on this comparison, the City is expected to maintain a reliable water supply with no anticipated surplus or shortfall under normal year conditions.

Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-2) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals (MG) (From Table 6-7) 1,694 1,846 2,014 2,198 2,400 Use Totals (MG) (From Table 4-5) 1,694 1,846 2,014 2,198 2,400 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0

7.2.2.2. Single Dry Year
Single dry year conditions represent a period of below-average hydrologic conditions that may result in reduced groundwater recharge and increased reliance on groundwater supplies. For planning purposes, the City evaluated single dry year conditions by applying a reduction factor of approximately 18 percent to both projected water supplies and demands relative to normal year conditions. This assumption reflects the combined effects of reduced groundwater availability and implementation of demand reduction measures consistent with the City’s WSCP.

Although the City relies solely on groundwater, which is generally less susceptible to short-term hydrologic variability than surface water supplies, extended dry conditions may affect basin recharge and groundwater levels. However, groundwater within the Kings Subbasin continues to provide a reliable source of supply, and ongoing implementation of the GSPs is intended to ensure long-term basin sustainability and mitigate impacts associated with dry conditions. These plans support maintaining reliable groundwater supplies even during periods of reduced recharge.

As shown in Table 7-4, projected water supplies under single dry year conditions are equal to projected demands throughout the planning horizon. Based on this comparison, the City does not anticipate supply shortages under single dry conditions and expects to meet all projected demands through 2050.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 66 Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-3) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals (MG) 1,384 1,508 1,645 1,795 1,961
Use Totals (MG) 1,384 1,508 1,645 1,795 1,961
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
The single dry-year water service reliability assessment assumes that both available groundwater supplies and customer water demands are affected by drought conditions. Consistent with the City's WSCP (Chapter 8), the projected water demands presented in Table 7-4 reflect adjusted demands that assume implementation of applicable water shortage response actions and conservation measures during a single dry year. Because groundwater production is limited to the amount necessary to meet adjusted customer demands, projected groundwater supplies are shown equal to projected demands under each planning horizon. Accordingly, no surplus or shortfall is projected under the assumptions of this reliability assessment.

7.2.2.3. Five Consecutive Dry Years
Table 7-4 presents the comparison of projected water supplies and demands under a multiple dry year scenario consisting of five consecutive dry years over the planning horizon. This analysis is intended to evaluate the City’s ability to meet demands under prolonged drought conditions. For planning purposes, the City assumes incremental reductions in both available groundwater supply and water demand relative to normal year conditions. These reductions reflect the combined effects of reduced basin recharge, declining groundwater levels, and implementation of sustained water use restrictions consistent with the City’s WSCP.

Specifically, reductions of approximately 6 percent in the second year, 10 percent in the third year, 9 percent in the fourth year, and 8 percent in the fifth year are applied relative to normal year conditions.

Although groundwater supplies are generally less sensitive to short-term hydrologic variability, extended drought conditions may affect recharge and increase reliance on groundwater. However, ongoing implementation of the Kings Subbasin GSPs is intended to stabilize groundwater conditions and ensure long-term reliability through 2040 and beyond.

Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
First
Year
Supply Totals (MG) 1,694 1,846 2,014 2,198 2,400
Use Totals (MG) 1,694 1,846 2,014 2,198 2,400
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Second
Year
Supply Totals (MG) 1,594 1,737 1,895 2,068 2,258
Use Totals (MG) 1,594 1,737 1,895 2,068 2,258
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Third
Year
Supply Totals (MG) 1,341 1,461 1,594 1,739 1,899
Use Totals (MG) 1,341 1,461 1,594 1,739 1,899
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Supply Totals (MG) 1,008 1,098 1,198 1,307 1,428

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 67 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Fourth
Year
Use Totals (MG) 1,008 1,098 1,198 1,307 1,428
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fifth
Year
Supply Totals (MG) 677 738 805 879 959
Use Totals (MG) 677 738 805 879 959
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
The multiple dry-year water service reliability assessment follows the same methodology used for the single dry-year analysis. As drought conditions continue over multiple years, progressively greater reductions in available groundwater production and customer water demands are assumed through implementation of the City's WSCP. The projected water demands presented in Tables 7-3 through 7-5 therefore represent adjusted demands following implementation of the applicable conservation measures during each year of the drought sequence. Because groundwater production is assumed to be limited to the amount necessary to meet adjusted customer demands, projected groundwater supplies remain equal to projected demands throughout the analysis, resulting in no projected surplus or shortfall.

7.2.3. Description of Management Tools and Options
CWC Section 10620(f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.

The City of Dinuba recognizes the importance of maintaining a high-quality and reliable water supply while ensuring the long-term sustainability of its groundwater resources. Although water is a renewable resource, the rate at which groundwater can be sustainably extracted is limited by basin conditions, recharge rates, and regulatory requirements. Due to the City’s location and lack of access to alternative supply sources, groundwater from the Kings Subbasin is expected to remain the City’s sole potable water supply throughout the planning horizon.

The Kings Subbasin is a high-priority basin that has been identified as critically overdrafted and is now regulated under SGMA. Groundwater conditions within the basin are being managed through coordinated GSPs, which establish a framework to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040. As a result, the reliability of the City’s groundwater supply is closely tied to basin-wide efforts to balance groundwater extraction with recharge and to avoid undesirable results.

To support sustainable groundwater management and minimize impacts to the basin, the City focuses on maximizing the efficient use of its existing water supplies and reducing overall demand. The City implements a range of demand management measures (DMMs), including water conservation programs, public education and outreach, water loss control, and system efficiency improvements. The City will continue to expand and refine these efforts through implementation of additional DMMs, as described in Chapter 9, and through ongoing evaluation of system improvements such as advanced metering infrastructure.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 68 In addition, the City’s WSCP, presented in Chapter 8, provides a structured approach to managing water use during drought and supply shortage conditions. The WSCP includes staged response actions designed to reduce demand and maintain essential water service during periods of reduced supply availability.

Operationally, the City’s system of multiple groundwater wells provides flexibility to manage pumping, distribute demand, and maintain service reliability. The City also continues to coordinate with regional groundwater agencies and monitor basin conditions to support sustainable groundwater use.

Through these combined management tools and strategies, the City aims to optimize the use of its local groundwater resources, reduce long-term demand, and support basin sustainability, thereby minimizing the need for imported or alternative water supplies.

7.3. Drought Risk Assessment
CWC Section 10612
“Drought Risk Assessment” means a method that examines water shortage risks based on the driest five-year historic sequence for the agency’s water supply, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 10635.

CWC Section 10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted. (2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

In accordance with CWC Sections 10612 and 10635(b), the City has prepared a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) as part of this 2025 UWMP to evaluate the reliability of its water supplies under a drought lasting five consecutive years. The DRA was originally developed for the 2020 UWMP and has been reevaluated and updated for this 2025 UWMP to incorporate the most recent data, revised assumptions, and current regulatory and planning considerations. The DRA is intended to assess potential water supply shortages and to inform the development of demand management measures, water supply projects, and operational strategies.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 69 The DRA presented in this section provides a forward-looking evaluation of water supply reliability over a five-year period beginning in the year following preparation of this 2025 UWMP. This assessment considers the relationship between projected water supplies and unconstrained water demands under extended drought conditions, as well as relevant factors such as historical hydrology, regulatory considerations, and local operational conditions. Where projected shortages are identified, the DRA assumes implementation of the applicable shortage response actions identified in the City's WSCP. The estimated demand reductions used in the DRA are based on the target demand reductions established for each WSCP shortage level, which include reductions of up to 10 percent for Shortage Level 1, up to 20 percent for Shortage Level 2, up to 30 percent for Shortage Level 3, up to 40 percent for Shortage Level 4, up to 50 percent for Shortage Level 5, and greater than 50 percent for Shortage Level 6. These target demand reductions are consistent with the City's adopted WSCP and are used for planning purposes to evaluate the City's ability to respond to projected drought conditions. The DRA may be updated by the City outside of the UWMP cycle as new data becomes available or conditions change.

7.3.1. Data, Methodology, and Basis of Analysis
The DRA presented in Table 7-6 evaluates the City’s water supply reliability under a representative fiveconsecutive dry year scenario. The analysis is based on a planning-level comparison of projected water supplies and unconstrained demands, consistent with DWR guidance.

The following data, assumptions, and methodology were used in preparation of the City’s DRA:
• The representative five-year drought sequence for this 2025 UWMP is based on a recent period of extended dry conditions (2012–2016), which reflects hydrologic conditions similar to those experienced in the region. During comparable dry periods, groundwater recharge is reduced and reliance on groundwater pumping increases. Based on available operational data, the City’s potable water supply during dry conditions is estimated to decline at an average annual rate of approximately 8 percent over the drought period.
• Projected potable water supplies during the five-year drought scenario are assumed to decrease incrementally relative to normal year conditions to reflect reduced recharge, declining groundwater levels, and operational constraints. Reductions of approximately 6 percent in Year 2, 10 percent in Year 3, 9 percent in Year 4, and 8 percent in Year 5 are applied. These assumptions are consistent with the City’s reliability analysis presented in Section 7.2 and represent a conservative planning approach.
• Projected water demands during the drought period are based on unconstrained demand projections developed using the same demand forecasting methodology described in Section

4.2.5 and reflected in Table 4-5. Consistent with DWR guidance, the drought risk assessment evaluates projected demands without assuming water savings from WSCP actions prior to determining potential shortages.
• Projected demands are compared to available supplies to identify potential supply shortfalls and to evaluate the timing and magnitude of WSCP implementation. Based on the results of the analysis, the City would implement staged WSCP actions to offset projected deficits. Specifically, Stage 1 water shortage response actions would be implemented in Year 2, Stage 2 in Year 3, Stage 3 in Year 4, and Stage 4 in Year 5. The conservation measures and response actions associated with each stage are described in Chapter 8.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 70 • Supply shortfalls identified in the analysis are assumed to be fully offset through demand reduction measures implemented under the WSCP. No supply augmentation projects are assumed during the drought period. This approach reflects the City’s reliance on groundwater as its sole supply source and its emphasis on demand management to maintain supply-demand balance during drought conditions.

Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5) 2026 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 1,582
Total Supplies (MG) 1,582
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) 0
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2027 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 1,609
Total Supplies (MG) 1,514
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (95)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 95
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2028 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 1,637
Total Supplies (MG) 1,377
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (260)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 260
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2029 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 1,665
Total Supplies (MG) 1,252
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (413)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 413
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2030 Total

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 71 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5) Total Water Use (MG) 1,694
Total Supplies (MG) 1,138
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (556)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 556
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
The results of the DRA demonstrate that, while significant supply shortfalls may occur under extended drought conditions in the absence of management actions, implementation of the City’s WSCP is sufficient to eliminate projected deficits and maintain reliable water service throughout the drought period. The City’s ability to respond to drought conditions is further supported by ongoing basin-wide groundwater management efforts under the Kings Subbasin GSPs, which are intended to stabilize groundwater conditions and ensure long-term supply reliability.

7.3.2. Water Supply Determination
The City of Dinuba relies exclusively on groundwater extracted from municipal wells completed within the Kings Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. Unlike surface water supplies, groundwater is generally less susceptible to short-term hydrologic variability; however, its long-term availability is influenced by basin conditions, including recharge, pumping, and regulatory requirements.

The Kings Subbasin is a high-priority basin identified as critically overdrafted and is currently managed under SGMA through coordinated GSPs. These plans establish a framework to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040 through balancing groundwater extraction with recharge and avoiding undesirable results. As such, the reliability of the City’s water supply is closely tied to basin-wide management efforts and long-term groundwater conditions.

Based on historical operations, the City’s groundwater system has demonstrated a high degree of reliability, including during recent drought periods. The City’s multiple well sources provide operational flexibility and redundancy, allowing for distribution of pumping and continued service under a range of conditions.

For purposes of the DRA, conservative assumptions are applied to account for potential reductions in groundwater availability during extended drought conditions. These assumptions reflect reduced basin recharge, declining groundwater levels, and potential operational constraints, and are intended to evaluate system vulnerability and ensure that appropriate response actions, including implementation of the City’s WSCP, are identified.

7.3.3. Supply and Demand Comparison
Projected water supplies and demands during the five-year drought period were compared to evaluate potential supply shortfalls under extended dry conditions. As shown in Table 7-6, the City’s groundwater supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands during the first year of the drought without the need for additional response actions. However, beginning in the second year of the drought sequence, projected demands exceed available supplies under unconstrained conditions.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 72 To address these projected shortfalls, the City would implement staged water shortage response actions in accordance with its WSCP. The WSCP includes progressively more restrictive demand reduction measures designed to reduce water use and maintain a balance between supply and demand during drought conditions.

With implementation of these WSCP measures, the City can fully offset projected supply deficits and maintain adequate water supplies to meet customer demands throughout the five-year drought period.

This analysis demonstrates that, while extended drought conditions may result in reduced groundwater availability, the City has the management tools and response strategies necessary to maintain reliable water service.

7.3.4. Consideration of Climate Change and Other Factors Consistent with CWC Section 10635(b)(4), the DRA considers factors that may influence future water supply reliability, including:
• Historical drought hydrology, as represented by the driest five-year sequence of 2012–2016. • Potential impacts of climate change, including increased variability in precipitation patterns, more frequent and prolonged drought periods, higher temperatures, changes in runoff timing, and reduced natural groundwater recharge.
• Regulatory considerations affecting groundwater availability, particularly implementation of SGMA and associated GSPs, which establish requirements to achieve long-term basin sustainability.
• Local operational conditions, including well capacity, system redundancy, groundwater level fluctuations, aging infrastructure, energy costs associated with groundwater pumping, and the City’s ability to manage production among multiple wells throughout the distribution system.

While climate change introduces uncertainty in future hydrologic conditions, the City’s reliance on groundwater provides a relatively resilient supply during short-term drought conditions. However, longterm groundwater availability will depend on successful implementation of basin-wide management strategies under SGMA. The Kings Subbasin GSPs provide a framework to stabilize groundwater levels and achieve sustainable conditions by 2040, supporting long-term supply reliability.

7.3.5. Summary of Findings
The results of the DRA indicate that, under a five-consecutive year drought scenario, the City of Dinuba would experience supply shortfalls beginning in the second year of the drought if no management actions were taken. However, with implementation of staged conservation measures outlined in the WSCP, the City is able to fully offset projected deficits and meet anticipated water demands throughout the planning horizon.

This analysis demonstrates that, while the City’s groundwater supply is generally reliable, extended drought conditions may reduce available supplies due to decreased recharge and increased pumping demands. Accordingly, proactive demand management, continued implementation of conservation measures, and coordination with regional groundwater management efforts are essential to maintaining long-term water supply reliability and sustainability.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
73 CHAPTER 8 - WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
CWC Section 10632.3
It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.

This chapter presents the City’s WSCP, prepared in accordance with CWC Section 10632.3 and consistent with guidance provided in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook. The WSCP establishes a comprehensive and actionable framework for responding to water supply shortages and interruptions, including both extended drought conditions and sudden catastrophic supply events.

The WSCP builds upon and updates the plan originally adopted as part of the City’s 2020 UWMP, incorporating updated supply and demand information. The WSCP is intended to function as a standalone planning and operational document that guides the City’sresponse to water shortages and supports ongoing drought preparedness and resiliency.

This chapter is closely integrated with the water supply reliability assessment and DRA presented in Chapter 7. The results of those analyses provide the technical basis for defining water shortage levels, evaluating supply reliability under varying hydrologic conditions, and identifying appropriate response actions to address potential supply-demand imbalances.

Consistent with State requirements, the WSCP establishes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive reductions in available water supply and defines locally appropriate shortage response actions for each level. The plan also includes procedures for conducting annual water supply and demand assessments, as required under CWC Section 10632.1, which support ongoing evaluation of water supply conditions and inform the need for potential WSCP activation or adjustment.

The primary objective of the WSCP is to ensure that the City can effectively manage water supply shortages while protecting public health and safety, minimizing economic impacts, and preserving environmental and community resources. The WSCP also establishes communication protocols, monitoring and reporting procedures, enforcement mechanisms, and a process for periodic refinement to ensure the plan remains effective under changing conditions.

This WSCP will serve as the City’s primary framework for responding to water shortages and will be implemented during locally declared water shortage conditions, regional or county emergency declarations, or statewide drought emergencies, consistent with applicable laws and regulations. As noted in the CWC, it is the intent of the Legislature that, during a declared drought emergency, locally adopted water shortage contingency plans such as this be implemented to the extent practicable.

The elements of the WSCP presented in this chapter are organized to address all requirements of CWC Section 10632, including water supply reliability analysis, annual assessment procedures, shortage levels, response actions, communication protocols, compliance and enforcement, legal authorities, financial considerations, monitoring and reporting, and plan refinement.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
74 8.1. Water Supply Reliability Analysis
CWC Section 10632(a)(1)
The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635.

CWC Section 10632.5.(a)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities.

The City of Dinuba relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin to meet potable water demands within the service area. As discussed in Chapter 7, the reliability of the City’s water supply is directly influenced by groundwater availability, groundwater quality, climatic conditions, operational reliability of municipal wells, regulatory requirements, and long-term groundwater sustainability within the Kings Subbasin. The Kings Subbasin has been designated by DWR as a critically over drafted groundwater basin and is currently being managed pursuant to SGMA through coordinated GSPs prepared by GSAs within the basin.

Potential water shortage conditions affecting the City may result from a variety of factors, including:
• Extended drought conditions reducing natural groundwater recharge. • Declining groundwater elevations and reduced well yields. • Groundwater quality degradation or contamination.
• Regulatory pumping limitations associated with SGMA implementation. • Electrical power outages.
• Mechanical failure of wells, pumps, storage facilities, or distribution infrastructure. • Seismic events or catastrophic emergencies.
• Increased water demands during prolonged hot and dry conditions.

The City has established policies and procedures to manage water supplies during normal, drought, and emergency conditions through its WSCP, which was originally developed during the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle and has been updated as part of the 2025 UWMP. Consistent with State requirements, the WSCP establishes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to increasing degrees of supply deficiency relative to normal conditions. Each shortage level includes specific demand reduction measures, water use restrictions, operational actions, communication protocols, and enforcement procedures intended to maintain water system reliability and protect public health and safety. Implementation of shortage response actions is cumulative, such that higher shortage levels incorporate the response measures of preceding levels as appropriate.

The City’s water supply reliability assessment and DRA presented in Chapter 7 indicate that the City is expected to maintain adequate groundwater supplies throughout the planning horizon under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions, provided that groundwater sustainability efforts within the Kings Subbasin continue to progress in accordance with adopted GSPs and that the City continues implementing water conservation, demand management, and system maintenance practices.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
75 Although long-term supply reliability is anticipated to be maintained, temporary supply constraints or operational disruptions may still occur due to drought, infrastructure failure, groundwater quality impacts, power outages, or emergency events. Accordingly, the WSCP provides a structured and adaptive framework for responding to water shortage conditions through staged conservation measures, operational adjustments, and emergency response actions.

Based on the DRA presented in Section 7.3, the City will continue evaluating water supply and demand conditions annually, including the potential need for implementation of Stage 2 response actions during extended drought conditions. Implementation of higher WSCP stages, if necessary, will be determined through ongoing monitoring of hydrologic, operational, regulatory, and groundwater conditions to ensure continued system reliability and protection of public health and safety.

Consistent with CWC Section 10632.5(a), the City has also evaluated potential seismic risks to the water system. Seismic events have the potential to damage groundwater wells, pumps, pipelines, storage facilities, electrical systems, and other critical water infrastructure, potentially resulting in temporary service interruptions or reduced system capacity. To improve operational resiliency and minimize impacts during emergency events, the City continues to implement routine infrastructure maintenance, system monitoring, emergency response procedures, and operational redundancy measures where feasible.

8.2. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures CWC Section 10632(a)(2)
The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable. (ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier. (iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.

CWC Section 10632.1.

An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
76 supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.

The City conducts an AWSDA each fiscal year to evaluate current and anticipated water supply reliability conditions and determine whether implementation of water shortage response actions under the WSCP is necessary. The AWSDA is prepared in accordance with CWC Sections 10632(a)(2) and 10632.1 and serves as the basis for determining the appropriate water shortage response level for the City’s water system.

Since the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin, the AWSDA places particular emphasis on evaluating groundwater supply reliability, municipal well production capacity, groundwater quality conditions, and the operational reliability of the City’s groundwater extraction, treatment, storage, and distribution infrastructure. The AWSDA is intended to provide a proactive and locally focused evaluation of short-term water supply conditions and operational risks that could affect the City’s ability to meet projected customer demands.

The AWSDA includes a structured decision-making process supported by defined data inputs, evaluation criteria, and assessment methodologies that are applied consistently from year to year. The assessment compares projected unconstrained customer demands to anticipated available groundwater supplies under both current year and one dry year conditions to identify potential supply shortages.

Key data inputs and evaluation criteria considered as part of the AWSDA may include:
• Current year unconstrained demand (considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable).
• Current year available supply (considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year).
• Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. • A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
• A description and quantification of each source of water supply.

Since FY 2022-23, the City has prepared and submitted an AWSDA report to DWR by July 1st of each year in accordance with State requirements. The annual report includes information regarding anticipated shortage conditions, shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement measures, and communication actions implemented pursuant to the WSCP.

The City Manager, Public Works Department, and utility operations staff evaluate the results of the AWSDA and determine whether implementation, continuation, modification, or termination of a WSCP shortage stage is warranted. If anticipated supply conditions indicate a potential shortage, the City may implement the appropriate shortage response actions identified in this WSCP, including conservation measures, operational adjustments, public outreach efforts, and enforcement actions necessary to maintain system reliability and protect public health and safety.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
77 Although the City’s groundwater supplies are currently projected to remain sufficient to meet demands under most anticipated conditions, the AWSDA serves as an important planning and operational tool for identifying emerging supply constraints, drought-related risks, groundwater sustainability considerations, and infrastructure limitations before significant shortages occur. The AWSDA also supports timely implementation of appropriate response actions and continued coordination with regional groundwater sustainability efforts within the Kings Subbasin.

8.2.1. Decision Making Process
The City conducts its AWSDA through a coordinated internal review process. The assessment team consists of the City Manager, Public Works Department, utility operations staff, and the City Engineer, as appropriate. This team is responsible for evaluating water supply and demand conditions, reviewing groundwater and operational data, preparing the AWSDA report, and determining whether implementation, continuation, modification, or termination of a WSCP stage is warranted.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin, the decision-making process places particular emphasis on groundwater supply reliability, municipal well production capacity, groundwater elevations, groundwater quality conditions, and operational reliability of the City’s groundwater extraction and distribution infrastructure.

The decision-making process includes the following steps:
• Compilation and review of current year water production, customer demand, and operational data.
• Evaluation of hydrologic conditions, groundwater elevations, groundwater quality conditions, and regional groundwater sustainability information.
• Review of municipal well production capacity, infrastructure condition, and operational constraints.
• Comparison of anticipated available groundwater supplies to projected unconstrained customer demands.
• Evaluation of current and anticipated drought, climatic, regulatory, and operational conditions that may affect water supply reliability.
• Determination of anticipated supply shortages, expressed as a percentage reduction from normal supply conditions.
• Identification of the appropriate WSCP shortage level and corresponding response actions necessary to maintain system reliability and protect public health and safety.

Although WSCP shortage levels are generally implemented progressively as supply conditions worsen, the City retains the authority to advance directly to a higher shortage level if warranted by rapidly changing conditions, including severe drought, groundwater contamination, infrastructure failure, power outages, seismic events, or other emergency or catastrophic supply interruptions.

If warranted, the results of the AWSDA and recommended shortage response actions may be presented to the City Council for consideration and implementation of the appropriate WSCP shortage level.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
78 8.2.2. Data and Methodologies
The AWSDA relies on a combination of quantitative data and qualitative evaluation to assess water supply reliability. Key data inputs and evaluation criteria include:
• Current year unconstrained demand, customer usage patterns, seasonal demand trends, and projected growth.
• Current and projected groundwater production from municipal wells. • Groundwater elevations and groundwater quality conditions within the Kings Subbasin. • Municipal well production capacity and operational status. • Existing infrastructure capabilities and operational constraints, including maintenance activities, equipment failures, or emergency outages.
• Water system storage capacity and distribution system performance. • Historical and current water production and consumption data. • Metered customer water uses by customer classification. • Climatic and hydrologic conditions, including precipitation, temperature, and drought conditions. • SGMA implementation conditions and regional groundwater sustainability information. • Other operational, regulatory, or emergency conditions that may affect water supply reliability.

The City begins compiling and evaluating relevant data during the second quarter of each calendar year.

The assessment focuses on evaluating current and anticipated water supply reliability conditions for the upcoming fiscal year and identifying any potential supply limitations, groundwater sustainability concerns, or operational constraints that could affect the City’s ability to meet projected customer demands.

Water supply reliability is evaluated by comparing anticipated available groundwater supplies to projected unconstrained customer demands under both current year and one dry-year conditions. If a supplydemand imbalance or operational reliability concern is identified, the magnitude of the anticipated shortage is used to determine the appropriate WSCP shortage level and corresponding response actions.

In addition to routine operational evaluation, the City may consider other locally relevant factors when assessing water supply reliability and determining appropriate response actions, including regulatory developments, regional groundwater conditions, emergency events, water quality concerns, infrastructure reliability issues, or regional drought response advisories.

8.3. Six Standard Water Shortage Stages
CWC Section 10632(a)(3)
(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use.

Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
79 (B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross-reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(3) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City’s WSCP includes six standard water shortage levels. These levels correspond to progressive ranges of water supply shortage, defined as up to 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent, and greater than 50 percent reduction in available water supply relative to normal supply conditions.

These standardized shortage levels are intended to provide a consistent framework for evaluating and communicating water supply conditions at the local, regional, and statewide level. The City defines its shortage levels based on the relationship between available groundwater supply and projected unconstrained demand, as determined by the AWSDA described in Section 8.2.

Each shortage level represents an increasing degree of supply deficiency and corresponds to specific response actions, including demand reduction measures, operational adjustments, and, where necessary, emergency response actions. These shortage levels may be triggered by a range of conditions, including hydrologic variability, regulatory constraints, operational limitations, or catastrophic supply interruptions such as power outages, earthquakes, or other emergency events.

Since adoption of the City’s 2020 UWMP, the WSCP has been fully aligned with the six standard water shortage levels and no longer relies on a separate or alternative staging system. Each WSCP stage directly corresponds to the required shortage ranges and is designed to maintain system reliability while protecting public health and safety. Implementation of each stage is cumulative, such that higher stages incorporate all requirements of preceding stages.

As shown in Table 8-1, the City’s WSCP stages correspond directly to the State-mandated shortage levels and associated percentage ranges; therefore, no cross-reference to an alternative staging system is required for the 2025 UWMP.

Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (Submittal Table 8-1) ☒
Check the box if the Supplier uses the Standard six
levels of water shortage.

Standard Shortage Levels Percent Shortage
Range Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range
1 Up to 10% 1 Up to 10%
2 Up to 20% 2 Up to 20%
3 Up to 30% 3 Up to 30%
4 Up to 40% 4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50% 5 Up to 50%
6 >50% 6 >50%

8.4. Shortage Response Actions
CWC Section 10632 (a)(4)

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
80 Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to statemandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action
CWC Section 10632.2
An urban water supplier shall follow, where feasible and appropriate, the prescribed procedures and implement determined shortage response actions in its water shortage contingency plan, as identified in subdivision (a) of Section 10632, or reasonable alternative actions, provided that descriptions of the alternative actions are submitted with the annual water shortage assessment report pursuant to Section 10632.1. Nothing in this section prohibits an urban water supplier from taking actions not specified in its water shortage contingency plan, if needed, without having to formally amend its urban water management plan or water shortage contingency plan.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(4), this section describes the shortage response actions that the City may implement for each defined water shortage level. These actions are designed to reduce the gap between available water supplies and projected unconstrained demand while minimizing social, economic, and environmental impacts to the community.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin, the City’s shortage response actions focus primarily on reducing groundwater demands, maintaining municipal well reliability, protecting groundwater resources, and preserving operational flexibility during drought and emergency conditions. The City’s WSCP includes a range of locally appropriate response actions consisting of demand reduction measures, operational changes, supply reliability measures, public outreach efforts, and mandatory prohibitions on specific water use practices. Each action is intended to contribute to achieving the required level of demand reduction associated with each shortage stage and maintaining system reliability and protection of public health and safety.

Response actions are implemented in a staged and cumulative manner, such that higher shortage levels incorporate all actions from preceding levels. The specific actions implemented during a shortage event will depend on the nature, severity, and duration of the supply constraint. In determining appropriate response actions, the City will evaluate the cause of the shortage, system conditions, regulatory requirements, and other locally relevant factors.

Consistent with CWC Section 10632.2, the City may implement alternative or additional actions not specifically identified in this WSCP, as necessary to effectively respond to water shortage conditions. Any such actions will be documented and reported as part of the AWSDA report submitted to DWR.

Table 8-2 summarizes the six standard water shortage levels and corresponding severity classifications utilized by the City. The shortage levels are based on the estimated reduction in available water supplies

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
81 relative to normal supply conditions and may also be triggered by operational disruptions, groundwater quality concerns, infrastructure failures, or emergency conditions that affect the City’s ability to reliably meet customer demands.

Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels
Shortage Level
Percent
Shortage
Range
Severity Shortage Response Actions
1 Up to 10% Potential
Shortage
Up to a 10% reduction in available groundwater
supply or operational reliability due to drought,
groundwater conditions, infrastructure limitations,
or other operational factors.
2 Up to 20% Minor
Shortage
Between 10% and 20% reduction in available
groundwater supply or operational reliability due
to prolonged dry conditions, declining
groundwater conditions, or operational
constraints.
3 Up to 30% Moderate
Shortage
Between 20% and 30% reduction in available
groundwater supply or operational reliability due
to moderate drought, reduced well production,
groundwater quality impacts, or infrastructure
limitations.
4 Up to 40% Severe
Shortage
Between 30% and 40% reduction in available
groundwater supply or operational reliability due
to severe drought, significant infrastructure
constraints, or emergency conditions.
5 Up to 50% Critical
Shortage
Between 40% and 50% reduction in available
groundwater supply or operational reliability due
to critical groundwater conditions, infrastructure
failures, or prolonged emergency conditions.
6 > 50%
Extreme
Emergency
Shortage
More than 50% reduction in available
groundwater supply or catastrophic interruption
of water system operations caused by severe
emergency conditions, including major
infrastructure failures, groundwater
contamination, seismic events, or widespread
power outages.

Table 8-3 identifies the target demand reduction associated with each shortage level, which reflects the estimated reduction needed to address the supply-demand imbalance. The specific response actions associated with each shortage level, including demand reduction, supply augmentation, operational changes, and prohibitions, are presented in Table 8-6.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
82 Water Usage Reduction by Stage
Shortage
Level
Mandatory or
Voluntary Percent
Demand Reduction
Severity
1 5% Potential Shortage
2 10% Minor Shortage
3 20% Moderate Shortage
4 30% Severe Shortage
5 50% Critical Shortage
6 60% Extreme Emergency Shortage

8.4.1. Supply Augmentation
The City’s 2020 UWMP indicated that groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin were expected to remain sufficient to meet projected customer demands under most anticipated conditions. This condition generally remains unchanged for this 2025 UWMP. However, consistent with CWC requirements and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City has identified feasible supply augmentation measures and operational actions that may be implemented to reduce the impacts of drought, operational disruptions, or emergency water shortage conditions.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin, opportunities for traditional supply augmentation are more limited than for agencies with multiple imported or surface water supplies. As a result, the City’s supply augmentation strategy focuses primarily on maximizing operational flexibility within the existing groundwater system, maintaining well reliability, utilizing existing storage capacity, and coordinating regional groundwater sustainability efforts to preserve long-term groundwater supply reliability.

During shortage conditions, the City may implement a variety of operational and supply reliability measures intended to reduce the supply-demand gap and maintain system reliability. These measures may include maximizing production from active groundwater wells, increasing operational flexibility among wells and storage facilities, strategically utilizing available storage capacity, optimizing pumping schedules, and reducing operational losses through system maintenance and leak detection activities. The City may also rehabilitate or reactivate inactive wells where feasible, expedite repair or replacement of failed pumping equipment, and utilize backup power generation equipment during emergency power outages or other operational disruptions.

In addition, the City will continue coordinating with other regional GSA’s regarding groundwater recharge, basin management activities, and long-term groundwater sustainability planning efforts within the Kings Subbasin. During severe drought or emergency conditions, the City may also evaluate opportunities for supplemental regional water supply coordination or future groundwater recharge partnerships if such opportunities become available and can be feasibly integrated into the City’s water system.

Unlike agencies with imported surface water supplies, the City does not currently maintain dedicated emergency imported water supplies or formal water exchange agreements capable of significantly augmenting potable supplies during shortage conditions. Consequently, the City’s ability to offset

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
83 shortages through supply augmentation actions alone is limited, and the City will rely primarily on demand reduction measures, operational adjustments, and water conservation actions to address anticipated supply-demand imbalances during shortage conditions.

Table 8-4 summarizes the supply augmentation and operational actions that may be implemented at each of the six standard water shortage levels, along with the estimated reduction in the shortage gap associated with each action. The values presented represent planning-level estimates of the relative contribution each action may provide toward reducing supply shortages or improving operational reliability. Actual effectiveness will vary depending on drought severity, groundwater conditions, infrastructure reliability, and operational circumstances at the time of implementation.

Accordingly, the City will rely primarily on demand reduction measures, as described in Section 8.4.2, to achieve the required level of shortage response.

Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(%)
1 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Strategic use of existing storage and system balancing 1 System Operational
Adjustments Percentage 1–5%
Operational optimization of
groundwater wells and pumping
schedules
2 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Increased reliance on storage and operational flexibility 2 Groundwater Well
Optimization Percentage 5–10% Maximizing production from available municipal wells 3 Groundwater Well
Rehabilitation Percentage 5–10% Rehabilitation or restoration of existing well capacity where feasible 3 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Continued strategic storage utilization 3 Operational
Adjustments Percentage 5–10% Pressure management and operational balancing 4 Groundwater Well
Optimization Percentage 10–15% Maximum practical utilization of available well capacity 4 Other Purchases or
Regional Coordination Percentage 1–5%
Evaluation of supplemental supplies
or regional coordination
opportunities, if available

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
84 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(%)
4 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Maximum use of available storage capacity 5 Emergency Operational
Measures Percentage 10–15% Emergency operational adjustments and infrastructure prioritization 5 Groundwater System
Optimization Percentage 10–15% Maximum practical use of groundwater production and storage 6 Emergency Response
Actions Percentage 15–20%
Emergency response measures
necessary to maintain minimum
health and safety supplies
6 Other Actions Percentage 5–10% Emergency operational adjustments and response

8.4.2. Demand Reductions
The following section describes the demand reduction measures associated with each WSCP shortage level. These measures are based on the conservation provisions contained in the City’s adopted Water Shortage Contingency Plan and Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 – Water Conservation and have been updated and refined to align with the requirements of CWC Section 10632(a)(4) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.

The City’s demand reduction strategy is intended to reduce customer water use during shortage conditions while maintaining essential public health and safety needs and minimizing economic and social impacts to the community. Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Kings Subbasin, demand reduction measures are a critical component of maintaining groundwater supply reliability during drought conditions, operational disruptions, or emergency water shortage events.

Demand reduction actions are implemented in a progressive and cumulative manner such that each successive shortage level incorporates the response actions and restrictions associated with preceding levels. As shortage conditions intensify, the City transitions from voluntary conservation measures and public outreach efforts to increasingly stringent mandatory restrictions on non-essential water uses, particularly outdoor irrigation and discretionary uses of potable water. Water meter data, customer usage trends, groundwater conditions, and operational system performance will be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented shortage response actions and determine whether additional measures are necessary.

State 1 – Potential Shortage

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
85 Stage 1 represents a potential water shortage condition and serves as the baseline conservation stage through public education, promotion of water-saving landscaping, reduction of system water losses, use of tiered water rates, and enforcement of existing prohibitions on water waste. Existing Municipal Code provisions prohibiting runoff from irrigation, excessive water loss from leaks, and irrigation during peak daytime hours remain applicable during Stage 1 conditions.

Stage 1 is continuously in effect to establish a framework for efficient water use and to reduce water demand through ongoing conservation practices. Under Stage 1 conditions, the City may experience up to a 10 percent reduction in available water supply, and customers are encouraged to achieve a voluntary reduction in water use of approximately 5 percent or greater.

State 2 – Minor Shortage
Stage 2 represents a minor water shortage condition associated with prolonged dry conditions or moderate operational constraints resulting in an anticipated supply reduction of approximately 10 to 20 percent. Under Stage 2 conditions, a mandatory reduction in water use of approximately 10 percent or greater is required.

During Stage 2, the City expands public outreach and conservation messaging and implements mandatory outdoor water use restrictions in accordance with Dinuba Municipal Code Section 13.05.060(B).

Landscape irrigation using sprinklers or irrigation systems is limited to designated days and permitted only between the hours of 7:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m., except for handheld hoses equipped with positive shutoff nozzles, drip irrigation systems, or handheld buckets. Vehicle washing is similarly restricted to designated hours and must utilize a handheld hose equipped with a positive shutoff nozzle or a handheld bucket. The washing of sidewalks, driveways, patios, parking areas, and other paved surfaces is prohibited.

Restaurants are requested to serve water only upon customer request, and ornamental fountains may only operate if equipped with recirculating systems.

State 3 – Moderate Shortage
Stage 3 represents a moderate water shortage condition associated with severe drought conditions, groundwater supply limitations, or infrastructure constraints resulting in an anticipated supply reduction of approximately 20 to 30 percent. Under Stage 3 conditions, a mandatory reduction in water use of approximately 20 percent or greater is required. All Stage 1 and Stage 2 measures remain in effect.

During Stage 3, outdoor irrigation restrictions become more stringent. Irrigation is limited to designated days and may occur only between 8:00 p.m. and midnight in accordance with Dinuba Municipal Code Section 13.05.060(C). Vehicle washing outside of commercial car wash facilities is prohibited unless necessary to protect public health and safety. The filling or refilling of swimming pools, spas, and similar water features is prohibited, and operation of ornamental fountains or decorative water features is prohibited. Use of potable water from fire hydrants is restricted to firefighting and activities necessary to maintain public health and safety.

The City may also implement additional conservation measures, including increased water waste patrols, restrictions on runoff from landscape irrigation, limits on system flushing activities, and monitoring of excessive water use conditions based on historical customer demand patterns.

State 4 – Severe Shortage

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
86 Stage 4 represents a severe water shortage condition associated with significant groundwater supply limitations, major operational constraints, or emergency conditions resulting in an anticipated supply reduction of approximately 30 to 40 percent. Under Stage 4 conditions, a mandatory reduction in water use of approximately 30 percent or greater is required. All conservation measures implemented under Stages 1 through 3 remain in effect.

During Stage 4, the City intensifies public outreach and enforcement activities and may further limit outdoor irrigation schedules, expand restrictions on decorative water features, reduce non-essential water uses, increase water waste patrols, and conduct water use surveys for high-demand customers. The City may also limit new construction water use to interior purposes only and require timely repair of plumbing leaks or system malfunctions following notification by the City.

State 5 – Critical Shortage
Stage 5 represents a critical water shortage condition associated with severe drought, major infrastructure failure, groundwater supply disruption, or prolonged emergency conditions resulting in an anticipated supply reduction of approximately 40 to 50 percent. Under Stage 5 conditions, a mandatory reduction in water use of approximately 50 percent or greater is required. All conservation measures from preceding shortage levels remain in effect.

During Stage 5, all outdoor landscape irrigation using potable water may be prohibited except where necessary to preserve public health and safety. Vehicle washing using potable water is prohibited except at approved commercial facilities utilizing recirculating or recycled water systems. Use of potable water for dust control, earth compaction, and similar construction activities may also be prohibited. The City may expand public notification efforts through media releases, signage, and emergency communication protocols to ensure customers are aware of applicable restrictions and emergency conservation requirements.

State 6 – Extreme Emergency Shortage
Stage 6 represents an extreme emergency water shortage condition associated with catastrophic infrastructure failure, widespread groundwater contamination, seismic events, regional power outages, or other severe emergency conditions resulting in a reduction in available water supplies greater than 50 percent. Under Stage 6 conditions, the City will implement all measures necessary to preserve minimum public health and safety water supplies and maintain essential services. All conservation measures from preceding shortage levels remain in effect.

Additional emergency conservation measures may include further mandatory reductions in customer water use, restrictions on commercial and industrial water uses, emergency operational adjustments, and implementation of emergency response procedures identified in the City’s Emergency Operations Plan and Water System Emergency Response Plan. Commercial kitchens and other high water use facilities may be required to implement additional water-efficient practices and equipment to minimize potable water consumption during emergency conditions.

Table 8-5 summarizes the demand reduction actions that may be implemented by the City under each WSCP shortage level, including the estimated reduction in the shortage gap associated with each action, applicable enforcement provisions, and references to the corresponding requirements contained in

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
87 Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05. These measures are implemented in a progressive and cumulative manner to achieve the target demand reductions necessary to maintain water supply reliability during drought and emergency conditions.

Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
1 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage 10
Implemented at all shortage
levels as appropriate to meet
demand reduction targets
No
1 Provide Rebates on
Plumbing Fixtures
and Devices
Percentage 10
Implemented at all shortage
levels as appropriate to meet
demand reduction targets
No
1 Provide Rebates for
Turf Replacement Percentage 10
Implemented at all shortage
levels as appropriate to meet
demand reduction targets
No
1 Landscape - Restrict
or prohibit runoff
from landscape
irrigation
Percentage 10
Municipal Code Section

13.05.050 A. Enforcement no
for Stage 1, but yes for 2 and
higher stages.

No
1 Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
breaks, and
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Percentage 10
Municipal Code Section

13.05.050 B. Enforcement no
for Stage 1, but yes for 2 and
higher stages.

No
1 Other - Require
automatic shut of
hoses
Percentage 10
Municipal Code Section

13.05.050 C. Enforcement no
for Stage 1, but yes for 2 and
higher stages.

No
1 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific times
Percentage 10
Municipal Code Section

13.05.050 D. Enforcement no
for Stage 1, but yes for 2 and
higher stages.

No
2-3
Improve Customer
Billing Percentage 10-30
Implemented in shortage
levels 2 and higher as
appropriate to meet demand
reduction targets
No

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
88 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
2-3
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific times
Percentage 10-30 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 B.1 Yes
2-3
Other - Prohibit
vehicle washing
except at facilities
using recycled or
recirculating water
Percentage 10-30 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 B.2 Yes
2-3
Other water feature
or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 10-30 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 B.3 Yes
2-3
Other water feature
or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 10-30 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 B.4 Yes
2-3
Other - Prohibit use
of potable water for
washing hard
surfaces
Percentage 10-30 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 B.5 Yes
2-3
CII - Restaurants
may only serve
water upon request
Percentage 10-30 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 B.6 Yes
4-6
Decrease Line
Flushing Percentage 30-50 Municipal Code Section 13.05.060 C.3 Yes 4-6
Offer Water Use
Surveys Percentage 30-50
Implemented in shortage
levels 4 and higher as
appropriate to meet demand
reduction targets
Yes
4-6
Increase Water
Waste Patrols Percentage 30-50
Implemented in shortage
levels 4 and higher as
appropriate to meet demand
reduction targets
Yes
4-6
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific days
Percentage 30-50 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 C.1 Yes

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
89 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
4-6
Other - Prohibit
vehicle washing
except at facilities
using recycled or
recirculating water
Percentage 30-50 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 C.2 Yes
4-6
Landscape - Prohibit
certain types of
landscape irrigation
Percentage 30-50 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 C.4 Yes
4-6
Other water feature
or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 30-50 Municipal Code Section

13.05.060 C.5 and C.6 Yes
NOTES:
(1)Target demand reduction for all measures in effect at Shortage Level 1 is up to 10%. (2)Target demand reduction for all measures in effect for Shortage Level 2 is up to 20%. (3)Target demand reduction for all measures in effect for Shortage Level 3 is up to 30%. (4)Target demand reduction for all measures in effect for Shortage Level 4 is up to 40%. (5)Target demand reduction for all measures in effect for Shortage Level 5 is up to 50%. (6)Target demand reduction for all measures in effect for Shortage Level 6 is greater than 50% up to the anticipated shortage gap.

8.4.3. Operational Changes
During water shortage conditions, the City’s operations may be modified to support implementation of demand reduction measures and maintain reliable water service. Operational changes will be implemented based on the severity of the shortage level and corresponding reduction targets. The City will optimize groundwater supplies through a combination of operational strategies and demand reduction actions to minimize the impacts of short-term water shortages.

As part of the AWSDA process, the City will evaluate existing operational procedures to identify opportunities for short-term adjustments that improve system efficiency and reduce water use. These operational measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Expand public information and outreach efforts to educate customers on water shortage conditions, required conservation measures, and available resources to reduce water use. • Reduce water main flushing activities to only those necessary for water quality, regulatory compliance, or public health and safety purposes.
• Suspend routine hydrant flushing when Stage 2 or higher shortage conditions are declared, except as required for emergency response or system maintenance.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
90 • Review and verify the accuracy of water metering devices to ensure proper accounting of water use and minimize apparent losses.
• Increase water waste patrols, including the reassignment of staff from other departments, as necessary, to enforce conservation measures and identify excessive water use. • Implement or modify drought rate structures, surcharges, or emergency tiered pricing, as applicable, in accordance with Proposition 218 requirements and California law. • Conduct targeted outreach to high water users to promote conservation practices and reduce discretionary water use.
• Monitor construction meters and fire hydrant meters to ensure efficient use of water and address any identified misuse or waste.

8.4.4. Additional Mandatory Restrictions
The City’s WSCP establishes locally appropriate mandatory restrictions intended to reduce discretionary water use and protect available groundwater supplies during drought and emergency shortage conditions. These restrictions are implemented in accordance with the City’s WSCP and Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 and are intended to supplement statewide water conservation requirements with locally applicable measures tailored to the City’s operational conditions and groundwater supply reliability needs.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies, mandatory restrictions focus primarily on reducing non-essential outdoor water use, minimizing water waste, improving overall system efficiency, and preserving available supplies for essential public health and safety purposes. The restrictions are implemented progressively based on the severity of the water shortage condition, with more stringent limitations imposed as drought conditions worsen or operational reliability concerns increase.

Locally implemented mandatory restrictions may include limitations on landscape irrigation frequency, timing, and duration; prohibitions on irrigation practices that result in runoff to streets, gutters, sidewalks, or adjacent properties; and restrictions on outdoor irrigation during peak daytime hours. During more severe shortage conditions, outdoor landscape irrigation may be limited to designated days and hours or prohibited entirely, except where necessary to preserve public health and safety or prevent the loss of permanent landscaping.

Additional mandatory restrictions may include prohibitions on washing sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, patios, and other hard-surfaced areas using potable water; restrictions on vehicle washing except at approved commercial facilities utilizing recirculating or recycled water systems; limitations on filling or refilling swimming pools, spas, and decorative water features; and restrictions on operation of ornamental fountains or similar water features unless equipped with recirculating systems. The City may also prohibit the use of potable water for dust control, earth compaction, and similar construction-related activities unless no feasible alternative source is available.

The City’s WSCP also requires customers to repair plumbing leaks, irrigation system malfunctions, and other avoidable water losses within a reasonable period following notification by the City. Additional restrictions may include limitations on excessive water use, increased monitoring of high-water use accounts, restrictions on hydrant use except for emergency purposes, and other operational measures necessary to maintain system reliability during shortage conditions.

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91 These restrictions are enforced through customer notifications, public outreach, water waste patrols, and enforcement actions authorized under Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05. Enforcement measures may include written warnings, administrative citations, fines, or other enforcement actions consistent with applicable laws and regulations.

The City retains the authority to implement additional mandatory restrictions or emergency response measures, as necessary, to respond to severe drought conditions, catastrophic infrastructure failures, groundwater supply interruptions, or other emergency events to maintain essential water supplies for public health, safety, sanitation, and fire protection purposes.

8.4.5. Emergency Response Plan
CWC Section 10632(c) requires urban water suppliers to develop an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) that documents the actions to be undertaken to prepare for and respond to a catastrophic interruption of water supplies. A catastrophic interruption may result from natural or human-caused events that significantly disrupt the availability, treatment, or distribution of water. Such events may include, but are not limited to, extreme weather conditions, wildfires, earthquakes, infrastructure failures, or acts of terrorism.

The City considers catastrophic interruptions to be emergency conditions that may trigger implementation of higher shortage response levels under the WSCP, depending on the severity, duration, and operational impacts of the event. Emergency conditions are evaluated as part of the City’s operational response procedures and the AWSDA process.

The City maintains an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) that establishes standardized procedures for emergency preparedness, response, continuity of operations, and recovery activities during emergency events. The EOP is coordinated with the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and National Incident Management System (NIMS) frameworks and provides guidance for responding to natural, technological, and human-caused hazards. The City Fire Department coordinates local emergency response activities through the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in coordination with County, State, and Federal agencies.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies, emergency preparedness efforts focus on maintaining groundwater production, storage, and distribution system operations during emergency conditions. Potential emergency scenarios include drought, regional power outages, well or pump failures, earthquakes, flooding, extreme heat, hazardous materials incidents, and other infrastructurerelated emergencies identified in the Tulare County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP). The MJLHMP identifies drought, climate change, and extreme heat as high-significance hazards affecting the City.

The City maintains emergency water storage capacity and backup power generation capabilities at critical facilities to support continued water system operations during emergency conditions. In addition, the City participates in regional emergency coordination and mutual aid efforts to support resource sharing and continuity of essential public services during catastrophic events.

The EOP establishes emergency communication procedures, operational response actions, resource coordination protocols, and system recovery strategies intended to minimize impacts on public health,

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92 safety, and welfare while maintaining continuity of water service operations. Emergency conditions may also trigger implementation of higher shortage response levels under the City’s WSCP, depending on the severity and duration of the event. The City will continue to periodically review and update its emergency response procedures to reflect current regulatory guidance, operational conditions, and infrastructure improvements.

8.4.6. Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan
CWC Section 10632.5.(a)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities. (b) An urban water supplier shall update the seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan when updating its urban water management plan as required by Section 10621. (c) An urban water supplier may comply with this section by submitting, pursuant to Section 10644, a copy of the most recent adopted local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) if the local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan addresses seismic risk.

The CWC Section 10632.5 requires urban water suppliers to assess the vulnerability of water system facilities to seismic hazards and identify measures to mitigate those vulnerabilities. This assessment is required to be updated as part of each UWMP cycle. Compliance with this requirement may be achieved through incorporation of information from an adopted LHMP or Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, provided that seismic risks are adequately addressed.

The City has evaluated potential seismic risks and vulnerabilities associated with the municipal water system in accordance with CWC Section 10632.5. Although the City is not located directly adjacent to a major active fault system, seismic events occurring within California have the potential to affect regional infrastructure and utility operations. Potential impacts to the City’s water system may include damage to groundwater wells, pumps, pipelines, storage facilities, electrical equipment, and control systems, as well as regional power outages and disruptions to transportation or communication systems necessary for emergency response and recovery activities.

Maintaining operational reliability of the City’s groundwater production and distribution facilities during and following a seismic event is critical to protecting public health and safety. The City continues to implement measures intended to improve system resiliency and reduce potential seismic vulnerabilities, including routine inspection and maintenance of critical infrastructure, replacement or rehabilitation of aging facilities as funding becomes available, maintenance of emergency repair equipment and materials, and utilization of backup power generation capabilities at critical facilities.

The City’s EOP and the Tulare County MJLHMP provide additional guidance regarding emergency preparedness, hazard mitigation, response coordination, and recovery activities associated with seismic events and other natural hazards. The City will continue to periodically evaluate infrastructure conditions, emergency response procedures, and operational practices to improve long-term system resiliency and minimize potential service disruptions associated with seismic or other catastrophic emergency events.

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The City’s water system is fully metered, with meters installed at all active groundwater production wells and customer service connections. These meters provide the basis for monitoring groundwater production, system demand, and overall water use trends throughout the service area. Water use data is collected and reviewed regularly, with customer consumption totals compiled monthly for billing, operational monitoring, and water supply management purposes.

City staff routinely evaluate water production, groundwater pumping conditions, and customer demand patterns to assess overall system performance and water supply conditions within the Kings Subbasin.

Based on this information, City staff may recommend adjustments to the current water shortage stage and implementation measures, as appropriate, to respond to changing water supply conditions or regulatory requirements associated with drought response and groundwater sustainability.

Under normal operating conditions, the City evaluates water supply and demand conditions on at least a monthly basis, allowing the City to identify seasonal trends, changes in customer demand, and year-toyear variations in groundwater production. This ongoing monitoring provides the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented shortage response actions and determining whether additional conservation measures may be necessary to achieve targeted demand reductions.

During water shortage conditions, demand reductions are evaluated relative to a defined baseline condition, such as normal-year demand or another applicable baseline established by the City consistent with State requirements. The effectiveness of individual and combined shortage response actions is estimated using planning-level assumptions and professional judgment and is summarized in Table 8-5.

These estimates reflect the anticipated contribution of both quantifiable measures, such as landscape irrigation restrictions and prohibitions on non-essential water use, as well as less quantifiable measures including public outreach, customer behavioral changes, and operational adjustments.

The overall effectiveness of the City’s shortage response actions depends on a combination of enforceable conservation measures, operational management, public outreach, and customer participation.

Continued education, communication, and enforcement will remain important components of the City’s WSCP and will support the City’s ongoing efforts to maintain water supply reliability and comply with groundwater sustainability requirements established under SGMA.

8.5. Communication Protocols
CWC Section 10632 (a)(5)
Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1. (C) Any other relevant communications

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94 In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(5), the City will implement communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state agencies regarding current and projected water shortages, associated shortage response actions, and other relevant information.

The City will provide timely notification of any current or anticipated water supply shortages identified through the AWSDA conducted pursuant to Section 10632.1. In addition, the City will communicate any shortage response actions that have been triggered or are anticipated to be implemented, including applicable conservation requirements, restrictions, and enforcement provisions.

Communication methods will include direct outreach to customers as well as broader public information efforts. The City will distribute bill inserts containing conservation information, maintain and update water shortage and conservation information on its website, and conduct public outreach through informational meetings or community engagement efforts, as appropriate. These communications will include practical guidance on reducing water use, such as identifying and repairing leaks, improving irrigation efficiency, installing high-efficiency fixtures, and participating in water conservation practices such as graywater reuse where feasible.

When a water shortage level is declared or modified, the City will provide formal notice to customers and post updates on its website. Depending on the severity of the shortage condition, additional communication methods may be utilized, including local media announcements, radio broadcasts, publication in community newsletters, door-to-door notifications, or supplemental mailings.

The City may also coordinate with local, regional, and state agencies, as appropriate, to ensure consistent messaging and compliance with statewide requirements. Communication efforts will be adjusted based on the severity of the shortage conditions to ensure that customers receive clear, timely, and actionable information to support compliance with required conservation measures.

8.6. Compliance and Enforcement
CWC Section 10632 (a)(6)
For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.

As required by CWC Section 10632(a)(6), the City has established compliance and enforcement procedures for implementation of the WSCP and associated shortage response actions. During declared water shortage conditions, the City may monitor customer water use and compliance with mandatory conservation measures through meter data, field inspections, water waste patrols, customer complaints, and operational observations by City staff.

Customers violating mandatory water use restrictions may be identified through evaluation of metered water use, field observations, or reports of prohibited water use. Violations may include irrigation runoff, prohibited outdoor watering, failure to repair leaks, unauthorized hydrant use, washing of hard surfaces with potable water, or other prohibited water use practices identified in the WSCP and Chapter 13.05 of the Dinuba Municipal Code.

Enforcement of the WSCP shall be conducted in accordance with Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05.

Consistent with Section 13.05.080, the City encourages voluntary compliance with water conservation

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95 requirements and may issue up to three written notices of violation before issuing a citation for violations of the applicable water conservation provisions. Violations may be prosecuted as infractions in accordance with the City's Municipal Code, and each day a violation continues may constitute a separate offense. In addition, pursuant to Section 13.05.090, water waste may be declared a public nuisance and may be subject to abatement through appropriate legal action. Enforcement activities may be carried out by the enforcement officers designated in Section 13.05.100.

The City recognizes that circumstances may exist in which strict compliance with water use restrictions would create an undue hardship or adversely affect public health, sanitation, fire protection, or public safety. Consistent with Section 13.05.110 of the Municipal Code, customers may submit a written request for an exception to the applicable water use restrictions. Requests are reviewed by the Director of Public Works, who may grant an exception when the findings specified in the Municipal Code are satisfied.

Public outreach, customer education, and ongoing communication will continue to serve as the City's primary tools for promoting voluntary compliance and achieving the demand reduction targets necessary to maintain reliable water supplies during drought and emergency conditions.

8.7. Legal Authorities
CWC Section 10632 (a)(7)
(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions. (B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1. [see below] (C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.

CWC Section Division 1, Section 350
Declaration of water shortage emergency condition. The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(7), the City has the legal authority to implement and enforce the shortage response actions identified in this WSCP pursuant to applicable provisions of the CWC, the California Government Code, Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 – Water Conservation, and other applicable ordinances, resolutions, and emergency regulations adopted by the Dinuba City Council. These authorities allow the City to implement mandatory conservation measures, prohibit non-essential water use, establish water use restrictions, and undertake enforcement actions necessary to protect public health, safety, and water supply reliability during drought and emergency conditions.

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96 Consistent with CWC Division 1, Section 350, the City shall declare a water shortage emergency condition whenever the City Council determines that ordinary water demands and requirements cannot be satisfied without depleting available water supplies to the extent that insufficient water would remain for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. During declared shortage conditions, the City may implement the applicable shortage response actions identified in this WSCP and Municipal Code Chapter

13.05. The City shall also coordinate with the County of Tulare and other applicable local and regional agencies regarding the potential proclamation of a local emergency pursuant to Government Code Section 8558 when drought, catastrophic infrastructure failure, groundwater supply interruption, or other emergency conditions threaten the continued reliability of the City’s water system. Such coordination may include emergency response planning, mutual aid, public communication, and implementation of emergency operational measures necessary to maintain essential public health and safety services.

8.8. Financial Consequences of WSCP Activation
CWC Section 10632(a)(8)
A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4). (C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division

1. [retail urban suppliers only]
All of the City’s waterservice connections are metered; therefore, the City’s water fund operating revenue is closely tied to water use and may be significantly impacted by conservation measures implemented under the WSCP. During shortage conditions, expenditures may increase due to enhanced outreach, enforcement, and operational activities, while revenues from water sales may decrease as a result of reduced customer demand.

To mitigate these financial impacts, the City may adjust its rate structure, including implementation of drought-related surcharges or emergency pricing mechanisms, to maintain adequate revenue levels. The City may also utilize reserve funds to offset temporary revenue shortfalls and minimize the need for immediate rate increases.

A comprehensive evaluation of water rates and financial conditions will be conducted at the time of a shortage and presented to the City Council for consideration and approval. Additionally, the City may consider deferring non-essential capital improvements or implementing temporary rate adjustments until normal supply conditions are restored.

8.9. Monitoring and Reporting
CWC Section 10632(a)(9)

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97 For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(9), this section describes the monitoring and reporting procedures used to implement the WSCP and evaluate the effectiveness of shortage response actions.

The City continuously monitors its water supply conditions, including groundwater production and customer water demands. These data values are evaluated on at least a monthly basis and more frequently during periods of anticipated or declared water shortages. If a supply shortage is projected, the City will implement the appropriate WSCP stage, as declared by the City Council, based on the results of its AWSDA and ongoing operational monitoring.

Monitoring of customer water use is conducted using metered consumption data and billing records. The City evaluates water use trends by customer class to assess progress toward achieving required demand reduction targets. Water savings resulting from WSCP implementation are quantified by comparing current water use to baseline conditions, which may include historical averages, prior months, or the same period in previous years, as appropriate. The City may also consider external factors such as weather variability, seasonal demand patterns, and operational conditions in evaluating performance.

If demand reductions are not sufficient to meet established targets, the City may conduct more detailed analyses at the individual customer level to identify excessive use or potential non-compliance.

Enforcement actions, if necessary, will be implemented in accordance with the City’s adopted ordinances and WSCP provisions.

The City will document and report the effectiveness of shortage response actions to the City Council on a regular basis during WSCP implementation. In addition, the City will comply with all applicable state reporting requirements, including submission of AWSDA reports, monthly and annual drought reports and any other required reports to DWR.

Consistent with past practices, including those documented in the City’s prior UWMPs, monitoring and reporting results will also be communicated to customers through ongoing public outreach efforts, such as notices, billing inserts, and updates on the City’s website, to promote transparency and encourage continued water use efficiency.

8.10. WSCP Refinement Procedures
CWC Section 10632 (a)(10)
Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(10), the City will periodically reevaluate and update its WSCP to ensure that shortage risk tolerance remains appropriate and that response actions are effective and current. The WSCP is implemented as an adaptive management framework. The City will use results from its AWSDA, as well as monitoring and reporting activities, to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented actions and identify opportunities for improvement. This ongoing evaluation supports informed decisionPage 282 of 377 City of Dinuba
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98 making by City staff and the City Council and promotes efficient and consistent management of water shortages.

The City will review WSCP triggers, shortage level structure, and response actions as needed based on operational experience, changing conditions, and lessons learned during implementation. Potential updates may include modifications to shortage stage criteria, adjustments to response measures, or incorporation of new strategies to improve effectiveness.

Any proposed revisions to the WSCP will be presented at a publicly noticed City Council meeting. The City will consider input from the public and the City Council prior to adoption. Updates to the WSCP will be formally approved by resolution of the City Council.

8.11. Special Water Feature Distinction
CWC Section 10632 (b)
For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(b), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.

The City distinguishes between artificially supplied water features, such as decorative fountains, ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and similar features, and swimming pools and spas. These water uses are considered separately when evaluating and implementing water shortage response actions because swimming pools and spas may require potable water to maintain minimum public health and safety standards, whereas decorative water features are generally considered discretionary water uses.

Under the City’s WSCP and Municipal Code Chapter 13.05, restrictions on decorative water features, fountains, ponds, and similar uses may be implemented during water shortage conditions, particularly during moderate, severe, or critical shortage stages. Decorative fountains and similar water features may be prohibited from operation unless the system utilizes recirculating water. Restrictions on filling or refilling swimming pools and spas may also be implemented during higher shortage stages to reduce discretionary potable water use and maintain groundwater supply reliability.

Rather than grouping all water features into a single category, the City addresses pools, spas, fountains, ponds, and other recreational or decorative water uses individually within the applicable shortage response stages. This approach allows the City to implement targeted conservation measures based on the type of water use, operational considerations, and severity of the water shortage condition.

8.12. Plan Adoption, Submittal, Availability, and Amendment Procedures CWC Section 10632 (c)
The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan.

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…Prior to adopting either [UWMP and WSCP], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan [UWMP] and water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon…After the hearing or hearings, the plan [UWMP] or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.

CWC Section 10640.
(b) …The supplier shall likewise periodically review the water shortage contingency plan as required by paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article [Article 3 Sections 10640 -10645] CWC Section 10644(a)(2)(b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of it water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 [required elements of a WSCP] no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.

In accordance with CWC Sections 10632(c), 10642, 10640(b), and 10644(a)(2), the City will ensure that its WSCP is adopted, maintained, and made publicly available in compliance with statutory requirements.

Pursuant to Section 10642, the City made the WSCP available for public inspection and conducted a duly noticed public hearing prior to adoption. Following the public review process, the City Council formally adopted the WSCP on January 11, 2022, in conjunction with the 2020 UWMP, by Resolution No. 2022-02.

In accordance with Section 10632(c), the City makes the WSCP available to customers and to any city or county within which it provides water service no later than 30 days following adoption. The WSCP is publicly accessible through the City’s website and will continue to be made available for all future updates.

Consistent with Section 10644(a)(2), the adopted WSCP was submitted to the DWR within 30 days of adoption using the required electronic reporting tools.

In accordance with Section 10640(b), the City will periodically review and evaluate the WSCP and implement amendments as necessary to reflect updated conditions, regulatory requirements, and operational experience. Any revisions to the WSCP will be adopted following a publicly noticed City Council meeting and will be submitted to DWR and made publicly available within 30 days of adoption, consistent with applicable CWC requirements.

The WSCP will continue to be updated, adopted, and implemented in coordination with future UWMP updates to ensure consistency between planning documents and continued compliance with state law.

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CHAPTER 9 - DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
CWC Section 10631
(e)Provide a description of the supplier’s water demand management measures. This description shall include all of the following:
(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20. (B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss. (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support. (vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.

CWC Section 10631(e) requires urban retail water suppliers to provide a narrative description of the water demand management measures (DMMs) implemented over the past five years and those planned to achieve applicable water use objectives and targets. DMMs measures are policies, programs, ordinances, and operational practices implemented by suppliers to promote water use efficiency, conservation, and ultimately reduce long-term potable water demand.

Consistent with the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook, this chapter describes the nature, extent, and effectiveness of the City’s DMMs, including how these measures contribute to achieving water use efficiency objectives established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668, as well as the City’s previously established SB X7-7 targets. As a groundwater-dependent agency located within the critically overdrafted Kings Subbasin, the City recognizes that efficient water use and long-term demand management are essential components of maintaining groundwater sustainability under SGMA. The Kings Subbasin is managed through multiple GSPs, including the Kings River East GSA GSP, which establishes a long-term sustainability goal of balancing groundwater demands with available supplies by 2040.

The City continues to implement conservation-focused measures intended to reduce potable water demands, improve system efficiency, and support the long-term reliability of groundwater supplies. These efforts complement regional groundwater management activities occurring within the Kings Subbasin and are consistent with local planning objectives identified in the City’s General Plan, which promotes sustainable growth and efficient use of public infrastructure and water resources.

The CWC identifies seven categories of DMMs to be addressed:

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• Water waste prevention ordinances
• Metering
• Conservation pricing
• Public education and outreach
• Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss • Water conservation program coordination and staffing support • Other demand management measures
The following sections describe City’s implementation of these measures and how they support compliance with current and future water use efficiency requirements.

9.1. Implementation over the Past Five Years
In accordance with CWC Section 10631(e)(1)(A), the City has implemented a range of demand management measures over the previous five-year period (2020–2025) to promote water use efficiency, reduce system demand, and support the long-term sustainability of the City’s groundwater supplies. As a groundwater-dependent agency within the critically overdrafted Kings Subbasin, the City recognizes the importance of maintaining efficient water use practices to support compliance with SGMA and the sustainability goals established for the basin. The Kings Subbasin GSPs establish a long-term objective of balancing groundwater pumping and recharge by 2040 through coordinated groundwater management, conservation, and recharge efforts.

The City’s conservation framework is primarily implemented through the Dinuba Municipal Code and the City’s WSCP, which establish enforceable water conservation requirements, prohibited water waste practices, and staged response actions during water shortages. As discussed in Chapter 8, the WSCP establishes six shortage response levels consistent with current CWC requirements. Even during normal supply conditions, the City promotes ongoing water conservation practices intended to reduce unnecessary water use and improve long-term supply reliability.

The City maintains a fully metered water system, which supports measurement of customer water use, leak detection, water accountability, and customer awareness. Metering also supports the City’s water rate structure and provides operational data necessary for annual water loss audits, demand forecasting, and system planning activities. Over the previous five years, the City has continued to replace aging meters and improve meter accuracy to strengthen overall system efficiency and improve the reliability of water use reporting.

Public education and outreach efforts are ongoing and integrated into the City’s conservation program.

These efforts include customer communications, promotion of water-saving practices, and dissemination of information regarding conservation requirements and drought conditions. The City also encourages water-efficient landscaping and indoor water use practices as part of its broader conservation messaging.

To manage distribution system real losses, the City continues to conduct annual water loss audits and implement system maintenance and repair activities. These efforts are supported by operational practices such as system monitoring, leak detection, and infrastructure improvements.

Water conservation program coordination and implementation are carried out by City staff as part of ongoing utility operations, planning, customer service, and regulatory compliance activities. Conservation

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measures are integrated into the City’s broader groundwater sustainability and water supply reliability planning efforts, including coordination with regional groundwater management activities occurring within Kings Rive East GSA and the Kings Subbasin.

Collectively, these measures demonstrate the City’s continued commitment to implementing practical and locally appropriate demand management strategies that support water use efficiency, groundwater sustainability, and long-term water supply reliability.

9.2. Implementation to Achieve Water-Use Targets
CWC Section 10631
(e)(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20.

In accordance with CWC Section 10631(e)(1)(A), the City will continue to implement and enhance DMMs to achieve applicable water use targets and water use efficiency objectives established pursuant to Section 10608.20. These objectives include maintaining compliance with the City’s SB X7-7 targets and progressing toward long-term water use efficiency standards established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668, while also supporting groundwater sustainability objectives within the critically overdrafted Kings Subbasin.

As a groundwater-dependent agency, the City recognizes that efficient water use is an essential component of maintaining long-term supply reliability and reducing demands on the underlying aquifer.

Accordingly, the City’s approach to achieving water use objectives emphasizes maintaining consistent baseline conservation practices, improving system efficiency, and implementing adaptive conservation measures that can respond to changing hydrologic, operational, and regulatory conditions.

The City will continue to rely on its existing conservation framework, including the Dinuba Municipal Code and the WSCP, to guide implementation of both ongoing and enhanced conservation measures. As discussed in Chapter 8, the WSCP establishes six stages of response to water shortage conditions consistent with current CWC requirements. Stage 1 conservation measures remain in effect during normal supply conditions and establish the City’s baseline conservation program through water waste prohibitions, public outreach, and ongoing water use efficiency practices. During periods of reduced groundwater availability, drought, or increased system demand, the City will implement progressively more restrictive measures consistent with the WSCP to achieve additional demand reductions.

The City will continue to utilize its fully metered system to monitor customer demand, evaluate water use trends, identify inefficiencies, and support ongoing system planning efforts. The City also continues to evaluate opportunities for future meter replacement and system modernization improvements that may improve meter accuracy, water accountability, leak detection capabilities, and overall system efficiency.

Management of distribution system water losses will remain an important component of the City’s demand management strategy. The City will continue to prepare annual AWWA water loss audits, conduct routine system maintenance, repair leaks, and implement targeted infrastructure replacement projects to improve system reliability and reduce real water losses. The City will continue evaluating water loss

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performance metrics and operational data to identify opportunities for additional system efficiency improvements.

Public education and outreach efforts will continue to support achievement of the City’s water use objectives. Conservation messaging will focus on promoting efficient indoor and outdoor water use practices, reducing landscape irrigation demands, encouraging timely leak repairs, and increasing customer awareness regarding the importance of groundwater sustainability and long-term water supply reliability. Outreach efforts may include billing inserts, public notices, website information, social media communication, and drought-related conservation messaging, as appropriate.

Water conservation program implementation and coordination will continue to be integrated into the City’s ongoing utility operations, planning, customer service, and regulatory compliance activities. The City will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of its DMMs using available performance indicators, including water production trends, GPCD, water loss audit results, and system operational data. Conservation measures and operational practices will be adjusted as necessary to support continued progress toward the City’s water use efficiency objectives and groundwater sustainability goals.

Through continued implementation and refinement of these DMMs, the City will promote efficient water use, improve system reliability, support sustainable groundwater management within the Kings Subbasin, support compliance with State-mandated water use efficiency standards, and maintain a reliable longterm water supply for its customers.

9.3. Required Demand Management Measures

9.3.1. Water Waste Prevention Ordinance
This DMM consists of adopting and enforcing a water waste prevention ordinance that prohibits the inefficient or unnecessary use of water. Such ordinances typically include specific prohibitions on practices that result in water waste, such as excessive runoff from landscape irrigation, irrigation during precipitation events, and the use of hoses without automatic shutoff nozzles.

The City of Dinuba has established its water waste prevention framework through Chapter 13.05 of the Dinuba Municipal Code, entitled “Water Conservation.” The ordinance applies to all persons, customers, and properties within the City limits, including properties served by private wells, and authorizes the City Manager or designee to implement water conservation measures necessary to protect public welfare and safety.

Section 13.05.050 of the Dinuba Municipal Code establishes prohibited water waste practices that remain in effect under normal operating conditions and during declared water shortage conditions. Prohibited uses include allowing substantial irrigation runoff to gutters or drains, failure to repair leaks or breaks in a timely manner, washing vehicles or paved surfaces without a positive shutoff nozzle, and watering lawns or landscaped areas during restricted daytime hours between 11:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. from May 1 through September 30.

In addition to the baseline prohibitions on water waste, Section 13.05.060 establishes staged outdoor water use restrictions and conservation measures that correspond with the City’s WSCP. The City’s WSCP, adopted in January 2022 as part of the 2020 UWMP update, includes six standard water shortage levels consistent with current CWC requirements and identifies progressive demand reduction actions and

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Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
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mandatory restrictions associated with each shortage stage. As shortage conditions increase, additional restrictions may include limitations on irrigation schedules, prohibitions on vehicle washing, restrictions on filling decorative water features or swimming pools, and limitations on the use of potable water for washing hard surfaces.

The City’s water waste prevention ordinance is supported through ongoing public outreach, customer education, and enforcement activities. The City utilizes conservation messaging, public notices, billing communications, and other outreach efforts to encourage compliance with water conservation requirements and promote efficient water use practices. Enforcement authority is provided through Dinuba Municipal Code Section 13.05.080, which authorizes enforcement actions for violations of water conservation requirements and water shortage restrictions.

Collectively, the City’s water conservation ordinance, WSCP implementation procedures, and public outreach efforts provide the foundation for reducing unnecessary water use, supporting long-term water use efficiency, and promoting sustainable groundwater management within the Kings Subbasin.

9.3.2. Metering
CWC Section 526
(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract... shall do both of the following:
(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural commercial buildings... located within its service area.

CWC Section 527
(a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or before January 1, 2025.

CWC Sections 526 and 527 require urban water suppliers to install water meters on all applicable service connections. Section 526 applies to suppliers receiving water from the federal Central Valley Project, while Section 527 requires all other urban water suppliers to install meters on all municipal and industrial service connections no later than January 1, 2025. These requirements support volumetric billing, improved water use accountability, and enhanced water use efficiency.

This DMM requires that all new service connections be metered and that any existing unmetered connections be retrofitted to allow for accurate measurement of water use. Metering enables suppliers to bill customers based on actual consumption, identify unusual usage patterns, and support conservation efforts through improved data collection and analysis.

The City of Dinuba has implemented a fully metered potable water system in accordance with State requirements. All residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape irrigation, and temporary service connections are metered and billed based on actual water use. In addition, all municipal groundwater production wells are equipped with production meters that are routinely monitored and recorded to support system operations, annual reporting, water loss auditing, and water supply planning.

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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
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The City utilizes customer meter data as part of its ongoing water conservation and system management efforts. Consumption records are reviewed to identify abnormal usage patterns, unusually high-water demands, or potential leaks within customer plumbing systems or the distribution network. Where appropriate, the City conducts follow-up investigations and customer notifications to encourage timely repairs and reduce unnecessary water use. Meter data also supports preparation of annual water audits, AWSDAs, UWUO reporting, and other State-mandated water use efficiency reporting requirements.

The City will continue to maintain and upgrade its metering infrastructure as needed to improve data accuracy and operational efficiency. Through the continued implementation and enhancement of its metering program, City supports accurate water accounting, promotes efficient water use, and ensures compliance with State water use efficiency requirements.

9.3.3. Conservation Pricing
Conservation pricing is a key DMM that uses rate structures to encourage efficient water use by linking the cost of water to the volume consumed. A well-designed conservation pricing structure provides customers with a financial incentive to reduce discretionary water use while ensuring sufficient revenue stability for system operations.

The City has implemented a conservation-oriented rate structure that is in effect at all times and is not dependent on declared water shortage conditions. The City’s current rate structure was developed through the preparation of the City of Dinuba Comprehensive Water and Sewer Utility Rate Study prepared by Willdan Financial Services and dated July 18, 2023. Following a Proposition 218 public hearing held on September 26, 2023, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 2023-49 approving updated water utility rates effective October 2, 2023, with scheduled annual adjustments through July 1, 2027.

The City’s water rates consist of fixed monthly service charges applied to all customers and volumetric usage charges. Residential and irrigation customers are subject to increasing rates in which higher water use is charged at higher volumetric rates. Residential customers are charged one rate for water use up to 9,000 gallons per month, and a higher rate for usage exceeding 9,000 gallons. Similarly, irrigation customers are charged one rate for water use up to 50,000 gallons per month and a higher rate for usage exceeding 50,000 gallons. Commercial and industrial customers are charged uniform volumetric rates based on usage.

The increasing consumption rate structure encourages conservation by assigning higher costs to higher discretionary water use and peak demand conditions. The adopted rates also provide funding necessary to support ongoing operations, infrastructure rehabilitation, and water system improvements identified in the City’s rate study. Through continued implementation of conservation-oriented pricing, the City supports efficient water use, long-term groundwater sustainability, and reliable water service.

9.3.4. Public Education and Outreach
Public education and outreach are important components of the City of Dinuba’s demand management strategy and provide customers with information regarding efficient water use practices, conservation requirements, and water supply conditions. The City implements public outreach efforts through customer communications, public notices, billing information, and information made available on the City’s website.

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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
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The City has expanded its public information campaign over the years to provide water conservation information and resource links through the City’s website, social media platforms, mailers, and flyers. The City also providesinformation linking customers to available rebate programs for water-efficient plumbing fixtures, devices, and turf replacement programs, and distributed bill inserts to educate and remind customers about water conservation practices.

The City’s website includes a dedicated Water Services webpage that provides customers with utility service information, billing contacts, and water conservation-related information. Public outreach efforts are supplemented as needed during drought conditions or implementation of higher WSCP stages to communicate updated conservation requirements and water shortage response measures.

In addition, the City distributes the annual Drinking Water Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), which provides customers with information regarding water quality, system operations, and regulatory compliance while also serving as an opportunity to reinforce water conservation awareness and efficient water use practices.

Through continued public education and outreach efforts, the City promotes water conservation awareness, encourages long-term efficient water use practices, and supports compliance with local and State water use efficiency requirements.

9.3.5. Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss The City recognizes that distribution system real losses, including leakage from pipelines storage facilities, and system appurtenances, represent a significant component of total water loss, and ultimately valuable groundwater resources from the Kings Subbasin. Effective management of these losses is essential to improving system efficiency, reducing non-revenue water, and supporting long-term groundwater sustainability and water supply reliability.

As a first step in managing real losses, the City conducts annual water loss audits in accordance with the AWWA water audit methodology and reports results through the State’s WUEdata reporting system.

These audits quantify the components of water loss, including real and apparent losses, and evaluate the operational and financial impacts associated with system inefficiencies. The results are used to establish a baseline understanding of system performance and to identify priority areas for improvement.

To reduce real water losses, the City implements ongoing system maintenance and repair activities, including leak investigations, repair of water main breaks, replacement of deteriorated infrastructure, and monitoring of abnormal system demands or pressure conditions. The City also utilizes customer meter data and production well metering to assist with identifying potential system losses and unusual water use patterns.

Based on audit findings, the City has identified the need for continued investment in aging water infrastructure, including water main replacement projects, system rehabilitation improvements, and updated meter infrastructure to improve operational reliability and reduce water losses throughout the distribution system. The City continues to incorporate water loss reduction and infrastructure replacement efforts into its broader capital improvement and utility planning activities.

Through continued implementation of water loss audits, proactive system maintenance, and targeted infrastructure improvements, the City aims to reduce real losses, improve system efficiency, and support

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compliance with State water loss performance standards and long-term groundwater sustainability objectives.

9.3.6. Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support Effective implementation of DMMs requires dedicated coordination, oversight, and integration into daily operations. The City supports its water conservation program through coordination among Public Works Department staff responsible for water system operations, planning, maintenance, customer service, and regulatory compliance activities.

At this time, the City does not have a dedicated full-time Water Conservation Coordinator. Water conservation responsibilities continue to be shared among the Public Works Director, City Engineer, Public Works Utility Supervisor, and supporting Public Works staff. These responsibilities include implementation of conservation measures, coordination of drought response actions, preparation of required State reporting, oversight of water loss audits, customer outreach and education, investigation of water waste concerns, and implementation of water use restrictions established under the City’s WSCP.

Water conservation activities are integrated into routine utility operations, infrastructure planning, and customer communications. The City may evaluate opportunities for additional conservation staffing or program support in the future as funding becomes available.

9.3.7. Other Demand Management Measures
The City continues to implement additional demand management measures intended to promote water conservation and improve system efficiency. Although the City does not currently have funding available to provide direct rebates or financial incentives for water conservation improvements, customers are encouraged to participate in available State-funded rebate and incentive programs for items such as highefficiency toilets, turf replacement, and other water-saving devices.

The City utilizes a variety of public outreach methods to encourage efficient water use practices, including social media, flyers, mailers, and other educational materials. The City also maintains an active account monitoring program to identify unusual consumption patterns that may indicate customer-side leaks or excessive water use. When abnormal usage is identified, customers are notified so potential leaks or inefficiencies can be addressed promptly.

In addition, the City provides customers with information regarding efficient indoor and outdoor water use practices and offers individual water use reviews or water audits upon request. These ongoing conservation and outreach efforts are intended to support long-term water use efficiency and system reliability.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 108
CHAPTER 10 - PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND

IMPLEMENTATION
This chapter describes the procedures followed by the City of Dinuba for the preparation, public review, adoption, and submittal of the 2025 UWMP in accordance with the CWC. This chapter also summarizes the steps taken to ensure public participation, interagency coordination, and ongoing implementation of the Plan.

10.1. Plan Completion Timeline
This 2025 UWMP includes water use, supply, and planning data for calendar year 2025. The Plan evaluates current conditions, and projected water demands and supplies over a minimum 20-year planning horizon in accordance with the CWC and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.

10.2. Notice of Plan Preparation
CWC Section 10621
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan shall … at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the plan … notify any city or county within which the supplier provides waters supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.

CWC Section 10621(b) requires that each urban water supplier notify cities and counties within its service area, as well as other appropriate agencies, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the UWMP. The City of Dinuba is the sole retail water supplier within its service area and prepares its UWMP independently; however, the City coordinates with regional agency water providers to support consistent and informed water resources planning.

In compliance with CWC Section 10621(b), the City provided formal written notification of the preparation of its 2025 UWMP to relevant agencies and jurisdictions, including:
• Alta Irrigation District
• Kings River East Groundwater Sustainability Agency
• Kings River Conservation District
• Tulare County
Notification letters were issued on April 15, 2026, inviting these agencies to participate in the UWMP preparation process and provide input as appropriate. Copies of these notification letters are included in Appendix B.

10.3. Notice of Public Hearing
CWC Section 10642
…Prior to adopting either [the plan or water shortage contingency plan], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon. Prior to any of these hearings, notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code [see below]. The urban water supplier shall provide

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 109
notice of the time and place of a hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies Notices by a local public agency pursuant to this section shall be provided pursuant to Chapter

17.5 (commencing with Section 7290) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code. A privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area.

Government Code Section 6066
Publication of notice pursuant to this section shall be once a week for two successive weeks. Two publications in a newspaper published once a week or oftener, with at least five days intervening between the respective publication dates not counting such publication dates, are sufficient. The period of notice commences upon the first day of publication and terminates CWC Section 10642 requires that, prior to adoption, the UWMP and WSCP be made available for public inspection and that a public hearing be held. Notice of the time and place of the hearing must be published pursuant to Government Code Section 6066, which requires publication once per week for two successive weeks.

In accordance with these requirements, the City:
• Will make the draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP available for public review prior to adoption. • Will publish a Notice of Public Hearing in the local newspaper of general circulation in accordance with Government Code Section 6066. A copy of the publication will be provided in Appendix G. • Will provide notice of the public hearing to all agencies who were previously notified of the plan preparation. A copy of the notices will be provided in Appendix H. • Post the Notice of Public Hearing on the City’s website.

Table 10-1 summarizes the cities and counties notified in accordance with statutory requirements. In addition to those listed in Table 10-1, the City also provided a 60-day notice and Notice of Public Hearing to the Alta Irrigation District, Kings River East Groundwater Sustainability Agency and the Kings River Conservation District.

Notification to Cities and Counties (Submittal Table 10-1) City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Tulare County Yes Yes

10.4. Public Hearing and Adoption
CWC Section 10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan. Prior to adopting either, the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 110
hearing or hearings thereon…. After the hearing or hearings, the plan or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.

Government Code Section 7291
…every local public agency… serving a substantial number of non-English-Speaking people, shall employ a sufficient number of qualified bilingual persons in public contact positions or as interpreters to assist those in such positions, to ensure provision of information and services in the language of the non-Englishspeaking person.

CWC Section 10642 requires that urban water suppliers encourage public participation and hold a public hearing prior to adoption of the UWMP and WSCP. The City will hold a duly noticed public hearing before the City Council to receive comments on the draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP. The hearing will provide an opportunity for public review and input from all interested parties.

Following the public hearing, the City Council will consider all comments received and may adopt the UWMP and WSCP as prepared or as modified. Adoption will be completed by resolution of the City Council of the City of Dinuba and a copy of the adopting resolution will be included in Appendix I.

In accordance with Government Code Section 7291, the City will provide language assistance or accommodations, as appropriate, to ensure meaningful public participation.

10.5. Plan Submittal
CWC Section 10621
(e) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to the department by July 1, 2026… CWC Section 10635
(c) The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 60 days after the submission of its urban water management plan.

CWC Section 10644
(a)(1) An urban water supplier shall submit to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies a copy of its plan no later than 30 days after adoption.

The City of Dinuba’s submittal process for its 2025 UWMP is detailed below.

10.5.1. Submitting a UWMP and WSCP to DWR
In accordance with CWC Sections 10621(e) and 10644(a)(1), the final UWMP and WSCP will be submitted to the DWR within 30 days of adoption. Following adoption, the City will submit the 2025 UWMP, including the WSCP, electronically through DWR’s Water Use Efficiency (WUEdata) portal.

10.5.2. Electronic Data Submittal
Section 10644 (a)(2)
The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall be submitted electronically and shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.

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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 111
CWC Section 10644(a)(2) requires submission of standardized data tables in electronic format. The City will submit all required UWMP data tables through the WUEdata portal concurrently with the UWMP submittal.

10.5.3. Submitting UWMP, including WSCP, to the California State Library Within 30 days of adoption of the 2025 UWMP by the City of Dinuba City Council, a copy (CD or hardcopy) of the 2025 UWMP will be submitted to the State of California Library. The 2025 UWMP will be mailed to the following address if sent by regular mail:

California State Library Government Publications Section Attention: Coordinator, Urban Water Management Plans
P.O. Box 942837
Sacramento, CA 94237-0001

10.5.4. Submitting UWMP to the Cities and Counties
Pursuant to CWC Sections 10621(e) and 10635(c), the City will provide copies of the adopted UWMP and WSCP to Tulare County, and other relevant agencies within 30 days of adoption.

10.6. Public Availability
CWC Section 10645
(a) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours. (b) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

CWC Section 10645 requires that the UWMP and WSCP be made available for public review within 30 days of submittal. The City will make the adopted 2025 UWMP available:
• At City Hall during normal business hours.
• On the City’s website for public access.

10.7. Notification to Public Utilities Commission
CWC Section 10621 (c)
An urban water supplier regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall include its most recent plan and water shortage contingency plan as part of the supplier’s general rate case filings.

The City is not regulated by the CPUC; therefore, this requirement does not apply.

10.8. Plan Implementation
CWC Section 10643
An urban water supplier shall implement its plan adopted pursuant to this chapter in accordance with the schedule set forth in its plan.

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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 112
The City will implement the 2025 UWMP through ongoing operational practices, capital improvement planning, demand management measures, and water supply management strategies described throughout this document. The City will monitor system performance and update programs as necessary to ensure continued compliance with State requirements and long-term water supply reliability.

10.9. Amending an Adopted UWMP or WSCP
CWC Section 10621
(d) The amendments to, or changes in, the plan shall be adopted and filed in the manner set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640).

CWC Section 10644
(a)(1) Copies of amendments or changes to the plans shall be submitted to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies within 30 days after adoption.

The City’s amendment process for the 2025 UWMP and WSCP is detailed below.

10.9.1. Amending a UWMP
In accordance with CWC Sections 10621(d) and 10644(a)(1), any amendments to the UWMP will be adopted by the City Council of the City of Dinuba and submitted to DWR, the California State Library, and affected cities and counties within 30 days of adoption.

10.9.2. Amending a Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Section 10644 (b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan, the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of its water shortage contingency plan prepared…no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.

CWC Section 10644(b) requires that revisions to the WSCP be submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption. If the City amends the WSCP, the revised plan will be adopted by the City Council and submitted electronically to DWR using the required reporting tools within the prescribed timeframe.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix A – Legislative Requirements

APPENDIX A

LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix B – Notice of Plan Preparation

APPENDIX B

NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix C – Service Area Map

APPENDIX C

SERVICE AREA MAP

N O ST

N LILLIE AVE

BELLIS AVE

N NEWTON DR S COLLEGE AVE
N
A
LTA
AV
E

N CRAWFORD AVE

EL MONTEM
O
B
I
L
E
V
I
L
L
A
G
E

N EUCLID AVE

PARKSIDE VILLAGE

E EL MONTE WAY

E MAGNOLIA WAY

N VILLA AVE

E PARK WAY

E MONOST

E KAMM AVE

LAREDO ST

W EL MONTE WAY
S Q ST

E GOLDEN WAY

LOIS LN

E SIERRA WAY
S K ST
N
D
I
C
K
E
Y
AV
E

E TULARE ST

W KELLY DR
V
E
R
N
A
Z
Z
A
AV
E

WALDO WAY
K
I
M
E
S
AVE
N
LY
N
D
S
AY
WAY

S JOHNSON AVE

W NORTH WAY

ROSEMARY AVE

E MILLARD WAY
AVENUE 426

PENNY LN

S ARKONA AVE

S CAILE CT

S GREENE AVE

BRENT RD

ROBIN DR

E SEQUOIA DR

N HAYES AVE

LAVENDER AVE

E NORTH WAY
E
L
M
O
N
T
E
M
O
B
I
LE

VILLAGE

N SYCAMORE DR

W NEBRASKA AVE

E ADELAIDE WAY

E VASSAR AVE
BIRCH
FIG
ELM

S CRAWFORD AVE

N COREY CT

E HOLLOW WAY

FLORENCE AVE

SAN ANTONIO AVE
N L ST

N URUAPAN DR
VI
S
CAYA
CT

DUMPLING AVE
N K ST

E MARSHALL AVE

S ALTA AVE
S
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
AV
E

S MYRTLE AVE
V
I
S
C
AYA
P
KY

NUTCRACKER AVE

S WILSON AVE

W TULARE ST

W MERCED ST

E GERALD AVE

W MONO ST
S
J
O
H
N
S
O
N
AV
E
N M ST

GRACE LN

POPPY AVE
OAK DR
S
W
R
I
G
H
T
S
T

S PALM DR
S 2ND AVE

S DEWHIRST DR

RANDLE AVE

N SMITH AVE

E RAMBLEWOOD DR

N ALICE ST

S PALM DR

N CEDAR LN

DAISY AVE

LINDERA AVE

E NEBRASKA AVE

ARLA RD

REINA DR

W NORTH WAY

AMARILLO ST

W NORTH WAY

W PAMELA LN

E DAVIS DR

E TERRACE DR

N LAUREL DR

RYRIE DR

W KELLY DR

W FRANKLIN WAY

GRACE LN
ROAD 88
H
A
R
R
MI A
N
AVE

KIMBERLY AVE
N
M
A
R
K
D
R

E MARIPOSA ST
N J ST
N
P
E
R
R
Y
AV
E

ENGLEHART AVE

N MORNINGSIDE DR

S ARKONA AVE

N NICHOLS AVE
N
M
O
R
N
I
N
G
S
I
D
E
D
R

N LINCOLN AVE

PEACHTREE AVE
AVENUE 406

PAYAN AVE

FOOTHILL AVE

HEATHER AVE

ODESSA ST

BRYAN AVE

E ELIZABETH WAY

CHERIE ANN AVE
S
PA
L
M
D
R

N GLADYS AVE

N ROBERTS PL

MARIGOLD CT

DAISY CT

PEACHCREEK AVE

E HARVARD AVE
S
B
U
E
N
A
VIS
TA
D
R
AVENUE 412

W KERN ST

E NORTHRIDGE DR
N
E
AT
O
N
AV
E

W ADELAIDE WAY

S FLAKE ST

E YALE AVE
S O ST

N ARKONA AVE

E SAGINAW AVE

E ECHO ST

W FRANKLIN WAY

E LINZMEIER DR

E FRANZEN WAY

E BOLINGER WAY

E LINZMEIER DR

E PRINCETON AVE

E ACADEMY WAY

S EVANS DR
S
B
U
E
N
A
V
SI TA
D
R

E WHITTAKER WAY

N NICHOLS AVE
S
1 S
T
AV
E

RANDLE RD

W ADELAIDE WAY

W KAMM AVE

E ROE AVE

E ADELAIDE WAY

E MILLWOOD DR

E MEADOW LN
N P ST

PEAR AVE

E RAMBLEWOOD CT

N RENE DR

E MILLWOOD DR

N SUZANNE CT

N MCKINLEY CT
N
W
H
TI N
E
Y
AV
E
N I ST
N
LY
N
D
S
AY
W
A

N KELLY DR
Y
N
N
A
N
CY
WAY
CEDAR
S M ST

VENICE AVE

SIENA AVE

VERONICA AVE

E MERCED ST

PALM DR

S UMBRELLA ST

W VENTURA ST

N PLUM ST

GOLDEN WAY

QUAIL RUN DR

E FRESNO ST

E AMADOR ST

W KERN ST

N APPLE ST

E VENTURA ST
N
K
E
L
LY
DR

W MONO ST

N SKYE ST

N APRICOT ST
O ST

W MARIPOSA ST

W FRESNO ST

KEITH AVE

E BRIARWOOD DR

CAILE CT

MERRILL AVE

MAYFLOWER AVE

JASMINE AVE

E KERN ST

N KELLY DR

W INYO ST

W VENTURA ST

BUTTERCUP AVE

W SIERRA WAY
ASH

RED ROBIN DR

S SNYDER ST

ROOSEVELT WAY
S L ST

S CALIFORNIA ST

KIMBERLY AVE

S VIOLET AVE
N H ST

E MARION WAY

E AKERS WAY

EL PASO AVE

ROSEMARY AVE

ASTER CT

SAGINAW AVE

SCOTT AVE

PRIMROSE AVE
S P ST
ROAD 74

E COLLEGE LN
S J ST

GRAINRIDGE DR

VISCAYA PKY

GARDEN EST

S URUAPAN DR

EXIE LN

HOLDEN AVE

N ALEXANDRA DR
S I ST
ROAD 72
S
M
I
LSAP
AV
E

W EUCLID CIR

APRICOT ST

N MICHELLE DR

N JEFFREY DR

BRYAN AVE
MAPLE

DINUBA MANOR

ARNO RD
PINE
WALNUT
OAK
C
A
R
A
R
D
SPRUCE

SAGINAW AVE

SUNSET WAY

N CHARLES ST

MARKS CT

SUE AVE

KATELYN AVE

MALSCH STRASSE
ROAD 68
AVENUE 424
ROAD 64

W WHITTAKER WAY
N
B
AT
E
S
AV
E

N NICHOLS AVE

MERRILL AVE
S
G
L
O
R
AI AV
E

W FRANKLIN WAY

N VERMONT AVE

N GARDEN DR

E OLIVE WAY
ROAD 84

E BEL AIRE DR

EDWARD PL
N
M
C
KIN
L
E
Y
AV
E

W ADELAIDE WAY

AUTO MALL DR

N VERMONT AVE
N
M
C
K
NI L
E
Y
AV
E
AVENUE 424

PEONY DR

E HOLLOW WAY

TUSCANY DR

E RAMBLEWOOD DR

E LA VISTA AVE
N
B
U
E
N
A
V
SI TA

CLORA ANN AVE

BARE OAK AVE

E VILLAGE DR

ENGLEHART AVE

GRIGGS AVE

N CEDAR LN
AVENUE 412

PACIFIC CIRCLE DR

W ROSEMARY AVE

DUNBAR WAY

EDWARD PL
AVENUE 404

N HAYES AVE

N WHITNEY AVE

SURABIAN DR

CHEVY CHASE LN

TIMOTHY AVE

LAUREN AVE

W BLOOMINGDALE AVE

EL MONTE WAY

EL MONTE WAY
AVENUE 408
ROA
D
6 4

E FLORAL AVE
S
S
H
O
R
T
AV
E
ROAD 92

CLORA ANN AVE

W VERONICA AVE
ROAD 72

PEDERSON AVE
AVENUE 408

MONTE VISTA DR
AVENUE 404

SAMANTHA WAY

W WAYSIDE DR
ROAD 92
AVENUE 420

E MOUNTAIN VIEW WAY
AVENUE 426

ALTA AVE
R
D
I
G
E
C
R
E
E
K
D
R
AVENUE 422
ROAD 88
AVENUE 430

FLORAL AVE
ROAD 66
ROAD 62
ROAD 70
S ROAD 72
AVE 432
AVENUE 430
ROAD 68
AVENUE 428

COUNTRY PL

HILLSIDE DR

HARVEST DR

CLOVER DR

BROOKSIDE DR
AUTUMN
D
R

ROCIO LN

RUBY LN

ALAMEDA WAY
ROAD 92

OLIVE WAY

CONCORD WAY

CRIMSON WAY

PARK WAY

BARE OAK AVE

HUME AVE

APPLE CT

S PLUM CT

HARRISON AVE

N PLUM CT

APPLE ST

ELDERWOOD AVE

APRICOT ST

CASTRO AVE

WILSONIA AVE N PARKSTONE AVE

SELIGMAN AVE

PALMER AVE

SAGINAW AVE

FLORENCE AVE
C-1
C-1
C-1
C-1
RM-2
C-2
RM-2
RM-3
C-2
C-2
C-2 RM-3
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2 C-2
C-2 C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2 C-2
C-2 C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2 C-2
C-2
C-2
RM-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-4
C-4
C-3 C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-4
C-4
C-4 C-4
C-4
C-4 C-4
C-4 C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4 C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
C-3
C-3
C-3
C-4 C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
C-4
M-1
C-4
C-4
M-1
M-1
RCO
RCO
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
R-1-6
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
M-1
PB
PB
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO

PO PO PO PO
PO
PO PO

PO PO PO
PO
PO
PO PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10 R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10 R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-10
R-1-7.5
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
RCO
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-A
R-A
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO

RCO RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO

RCO RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO

RCO RCO RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RM-2
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RCO
RM-1.5
RM-1.5 RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
RM-2
M-1
RM-2
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
RM-3
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-6 R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
RCO R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-7.5 R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-7.5
R-1-6
R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6 R-1-6
R-1-6
PO
RM-2
M-1
M-1
M-1
RCO
RM-1.5
RM-1.5
C-3
C-4
C-4
M-1
C-4
RM-1.5
0 0.125 0.25 0.5
Miles
Zoning Map
Legend
City Limits
Type
Planned Unit Development
Precise Plan Overlay
Parcels
Railroad
Streets
Zone District
(AN) Residential Low Density
(C-1) Neighborhood
Commercial
(C-2) Downtown Commercial
(C-3) Community Commercial
(C-4) General Commercial
(M-1) Light Industrial
(M-2) General Industrial
(PB) Park/Ponding Basin
(PO) Professional Office
(R-1-10) One-Family Residential
(R-1-6) One-Family Residential
(R-1-7.5) One-Family
Residential
(R-A) Residential Acreage
(RCO) Resource Conservation
(RM-1.5) Multi-Family
Residential
(RM-2) Multi-Family Residential
(RM-3) Multi-Family Residential
Map Date : 4/16/2026

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix D – SB X7-7 Compliance Form

APPENDIX D
SB X7-7 COMPLIANCE FORM

SB X7-7 Table 0: Units of Measure Used in 2025 UWMP
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
(select one from the drop down list)
Million Gallons
The unit of measure must be consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES:

NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 2: Method for 2025 Population Estimate
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Method Used to Determine 2025 Population
(may check more than one)

1. Department of Finance (DOF) or
American Community Survey (ACS)

3. Other
DWR recommends pre-review

2. Persons-per-Connection Method

3. DWR Population Tool

2025 26,566
SB X7-7 Table 3: 2025 Service Area Population
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and
10608.20(h)(1)(2)
2025 Compliance Year Population
NOTES:

Population is based on the U.S. Census American
Community Survey Estimate for 2024. 2025 estimate
was not available during the preparation of the 2025
UWMP.

Exported
Water
Change in
Dist. System
Storage
(+/-)
Indirect
Recycled
Water
This column will
remain blank
until SB X7-7
Table 4-B is
completed.

Water
Delivered
for
Agricultural
Use
Process Water
This column will
remain blank
until SB X7-7
Table 4-D is
completed.
1,555 - - - - - 1,555
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4: 2025 Gross Water Use
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
2025 Volume
Into
Distribution
System
This column will
remain blank until
SB X7-7 Table 4-A is
completed.
2025 Gross
Water Use
2025 Deductions
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Compliance
Year 2025

Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
1,555 - 1,555
Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
0 DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
Enter Name of Source 9
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
NOTES:

Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
Name of Source Enter Name of Source 11
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
NOTES:

NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Name of Source Enter Name of Source 10
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Name of Source Enter Name of Source 8
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

NOTES:

A purchased or imported source
Name of Source
A purchased or imported source
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Enter Name of Source 3
This water source is (check one):

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Name of Source Enter Name of Source 7
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
NOTES:

DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Name of Source Enter Name of Source 2
Name of Source
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
NOTES
This water source is (check one):

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
City of Dinuba
Compliance Year
2025
This water source is (check one):

The supplier's own water source
Enter Name of Source 4
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
Name of Source Enter Name of Source 6
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

A purchased or imported source
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Name of Source
Name of Source Enter Name of Source 5
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
Name of Source
NOTES:

Name of Source Enter Name of Source 15
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Name of Source Enter Name of Source 14
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
Compliance Year
2025
Compliance Year
2025
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain cons istent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
Name of Source Enter Name of Source 13
This water source is (check one) :

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.

Compliance Year
2025
Name of Source Enter Name of Source 12
This water source is (check one) :

Volume
Discharged
from
Reservoir for
Distribution
System
Delivery
Percent
Recycled
Water
Recycled
Water
Delivered to
Treatment
Plant
Transmission/
Treatment Loss
Recycled
Volume Entering
Distribution
System from
Surface
Reservoir
Augmentation
Volume Pumped
from
Groundwater for
Distribution
System Delivery
Percent
Recycled Water
Recycled Water
Delivered to
Treatment
Plant
Transmission/
Treatment Loss
Recycled
Volume
Entering
Distribution
System from
Ground Water
Recharge
0% - - - - 0% - - - - -
NOTES:
2025 Groundwater Recharge
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.

Suppliers will provide documentation to support the percentage of recycled water reported in this table.

SB X7-7 Table 4-B: 2025 Indirect Recycled Water Use Deduction (For use only by agencies that are deducting indirect recycled water) Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
2025 Compliance
Year
Total Deductible
Volume of Indirect
Recycled Water
Entering the
Distribution System
2025 Surface Reservoir Augmentation

Criteria 1- Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 12% of gross water use.

Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.1
Criteria 2 - Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 15 GPCD.

Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.2
Criteria 3 - Non-industrial use is equal to or less than 120 GPCD.

Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.3
Criteria 4 - Disadvantaged Community.

Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.4
SB X7-7 Table 4-C: 2025 Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water) Choose Only One NOTES:

2025 Gross Water
Use Without
Process Water
Deduction
2025 Industrial
Water Use
Percent
Industrial
Water
Eligible for
Exclusion
Y/N
1,555 82 5% NO
NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-C.1: 2025 Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 1) Criteria 1
Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 12% of gross water use 2025 Compliance Year

2025 Industrial
Water Use
2025 Population
2025
Industrial
GPCD
Eligible for
Exclusion Y/N
82 26,566 8 NO

NOTES:

SB X7-7 Table 4-C.2: 2025 Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 2) Criteria 2
Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 15 GPCD 2025 Compliance
Year

2025 Gross Water Use
Without Process Water
Deduction
(Fm SB X7-7 Table 4)
2025
Industrial
Water Use
2025 Nonindustrial
Water Use
2025
Population
Fm SB X7-7
Table 3
NonIndustrial
GPCD
Eligible for
Exclusion
Y/N
1,555 82 1,473 26,566 152 NO
NOTES:

Criteria 3
Non-industrial use is equal to or less than 120 GPCD
SB X7-7 Table 4-C.3: 2025 Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 3) 2025 Compliance
Year

Service Area Median
Household Income
Percentage of
Statewide
Average
Eligible for
Exclusion? Y/N
$59,484 59% YES
NOTES
California Median
Household Income
DWR NOTES: California median household income for 2024 as reported in US Census Bureau.

SB X7-7 Table 4-C.4: 2025 Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 4) Criteria 4
Disadvantaged Community. A “Disadvantaged Community” (DAC) is a community with a median household income less than 80 percent of the statewide average.

SELECT ONE
"Disadvantaged Community" status was determined using one of the methods listed below:

If using the IRWM DAC Mapping Tool, include a screen shot from the tool showing that the service area is considered a DAC.

1. IRWM DAC Mapping tool https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/dacs/

2. California Median Income
$100,149

2025 Gross Water
Fm SB X7-7 Table 4
2025 Population Fm
SB X7-7 Table 3 2025 GPCD
26,566 1,555 160
SB X7-7 Table 5: 2025 Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD) Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20 (h)(1)(2)
NOTES:

Extraordinary
Events
(GPCD)
Weather
Normalization
(GPCD)
Economic
Adjustment
(GPCD)
160 - - 160 - 179 YES
NOTES:

DWR NOTES: All values are reported in GPCD
Suppliers that had a merger or consolidation since 2020 may use a population weighted average 2020 target. See Section P.1.2.1 of Appendix P.

SB X7-7 Table 9: 2025 Compliance
Water Code Section 10608.24(d)
Optional Adjustments to 2025 GPCD
Did Supplier
Achieve
Targeted
Reduction for
2025?
Actual 2025
GPCD
TOTAL 2020 Target
Adjustments
Adjusted 2025
GPCD (Adjusted
if applicable)
Enter "0" if Adjustment Not Used

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix E – Energy Intensity Tables

APPENDIX E

ENERGY INTENSITY TABLES

Water Delivery Product
drop down list
(If delivering more than one type of product recommend using Table O-1C)
Retail Potable
Deliveries
Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in the values reported? No
Units of Measure for Water MG Total Utility
See DWR NOTES
Hydropower Net Utility
- 1,555 1,555
- 1,930,043 1,930,043
- 1,241 1,241
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
237,443.4 kWh
Data Quality (Estimate, Metered Data, Combination of Estimates and Metered Data) Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

Narrative:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies.

Optional Submittal Table O-1B: Recommended Energy Reporting - SINGLE DELIVERY PRODUCT - TOTAL UTILITY APPROACH Energy consumption values were developed using metered PG&E utility billing data for each active potable groundwater well serving the City. Reported energy values are based on the annual electricity usage recorded on the utility billing statements for the 2025 reporting period. For wells without on-site renewable generation, the reported energy consumption reflects the metered electricity imported from the utility. Well Nos. 19 and 20 are equipped with on-site solar photovoltaic systems operating under PG&E's Net Energy Metering (NEM) program. For Well No. 19, the PG&E billing statements provided separate imported electricity, exported renewable electricity, and net electricity usage values, allowing both imported energy and self-generated renewable energy to be identified. For Well No. 20, although the facility also includes on-site solar generation, the PG&E billing statements provided by the City reported only net annual electricity usage and did not include separate imported and exported electricity values.

Accordingly, the reported energy consumption for Well No. 20 is based on the metered net electricity usage reported by PG&E, and the quantity of self-generated renewable energy reported in Table O-1B reflects only the exported renewable energy documented for Well No. 19. Overall, the energy data presented in this table are based on metered utility records and represent the best available information for the 2025 reporting period. 10631.2. (a) In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies though its distribution systems.

Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control Sum of All Water Management
Processes
Non-Consequential Hydropower
DWR NOTES:

Total Utility:The volume of water entered in the “Total Utility” column should equal the volume of water entering the distribution system (excluding recycled water); in most cases, this is the total volume calculated in UWMP Table 4-1: 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water. Note if recycled water is included in your Submittal Table 4-1, you must exclude it from your volume in this table. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.

NOTES:

During calendar year 2025, the City's potable water system delivered approximately 1,555 MG of potable water and consumed approximately 1.93 million kWh of electricity, resulting in an overall energy intensity of approximately 1,241 kWh/MG. Energy consumption is associated primarily with groundwater extraction from the City's municipal wells. The City continues to utilize on-site solar photovoltaic systems to offset electrical demand at selected well facilities. Utility records confirm that Well No. 19 generated and exported approximately 237,443 kWh of renewable electricity during the reporting period. Although Well No. 20 is also equipped with a solar photovoltaic system, the PG&E billing statements provided to the City did not include separate imported and exported electricity values for that account; therefore, the exported renewable energy associated with Well No. 20 could not be quantified and is not included in the reported quantity of self-generated renewable energy. Consequently, the reported renewable energy value represents a conservative estimate based solely on the metered export data available from Well No. 19, while the energy consumption values reflect the metered utility billing data available for each facility.

Volume of Water Entering Process
Energy Consumed (kWh)
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG)
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate. 10631.2 (b) The Department shall include in its guidance for the preparation of urban water management plans a methodology for the voluntary calculation or estimation of the energy intensity of urban water systems. (5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.

Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
End Date of Reporting Period 12/25/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in the values reported? No
Units of Measure for Water MG Collection /
Conveyance
Treatment
Discharge /
Distribution Total
733 684 0 1417
28804.73 48189.55 0 76994.28

39.3 70.5 0.0 54.3
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy related to recycled water and wastewater operations
- kWh
Data Quality (drop down)
Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

Narrative:

NOTES:

Volume of Wastewater Entering Process (volume units selected above) Wastewater Energy Consumed (kWh)
Volume of Recycled Water Entering Process (volume units selected above) Recycled Water Energy Consumed (kWh)
Wastewater Energy Intensity (kWh/volume converted to MG) Recycled Water Energy Intensity (kWh/volume converted to MG) Optional Submittal Table O-2: Recommended Energy Reporting - WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water
Supplier's Operational Control
Water Management Process
Energy consumption values for the City's wastewater collection and treatment systems were developed using metered PG&E utility billing records for the 2025 reporting period. Energy use for the wastewater collection system reflects the metered electricity usage for each sewer lift station, while treatment energy reflects the metered electricity usage for the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The WWTP is equipped with an on-site solar photovoltaic system; however, the PG&E billing records provided by the City reported only net electricity usage and did not include separate imported and exported electricity values associated with the Net Energy Metering (NEM) account. Accordingly, the reported treatment energy is based on the net electricity usage reported by PG&E. Because separate imported and exported electricity data were unavailable, the quantity of self-generated renewable energy associated with the WWTP could not be quantified and is therefore not reported. Overall, the energy values presented are based on metered utility records and represent the best available information for the 2025 reporting period.

During calendar year 2025, the City's wastewater collection and treatment system processed approximately 733 MG through the collection system and 684 MG through the wastewater treatment plant. Total electrical energy consumption for wastewater operations was approximately 76,994 kWh, consisting of approximately 28,805 kWh for wastewater collection and conveyance and 48,190 kWh for wastewater treatment. This corresponds to an overall wastewater energy intensity of approximately 54.3 kWh/MG. Electrical energy consumption is associated with the operation of the City's sewer lift stations and wastewater treatment processes. The wastewater treatment plant is equipped with an on-site solar photovoltaic system that offsets a portion of the facility's electrical demand. However, because the PG&E billing records provided by the City reported only net electricity usage and did not include separate imported and exported electricity values, the amount of self-generated renewable energy could not be quantified for the reporting period. Consequently, the reported energy consumption reflects the metered net electricity usage recorded by PG&E, and no quantity of selfgenerated renewable energy is reported. This approach is consistent with the available utility billing information and represents the best available data for the City's 2025 wastewater energy reporting.

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix F – Municipal Code Chapter 13.05

APPENDIX F
MUNCIPAL CODE CHAPTER 13.05

Chapter 13.05

WATER CONSERVATION
Sections:

13.05.010 Purpose.

13.05.020 Short title.

13.05.030 Authorization.

13.05.040 Application.

13.05.050 Prohibition on water waste.

13.05.060 Outdoor water use—Water conservation stages.

13.05.070 Mandatory conservation phase implementation.

13.05.080 Enforcement.

13.05.090 Public nuisance—Definitions.

13.05.100 Enforcement officers.

13.05.110 Exceptions.

13.05.010 Purpose.

It is the purpose and intent of this chapter to minimize outdoor water use and to control unnecessary consumption of the available potable water supplies in the city from city and private wells. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.020 Short title.

This chapter shall be known as the “Water Conservation Ordinance of the City of Dinuba.” (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.030 Authorization.

The city manager, or his designee, is authorized and directed to implement the applicable provisions of this chapter upon their determination that such implementation is necessary to protect the public welfare and safety. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.040 Application.

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to all persons, customers and property whether receiving water from The Dinuba Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 2026-02, passed February 10, 2026.

Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 WATER CONSERVATION Page 1 of 6

the city or other source, such as private wells, within the limits of the city. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.050 Prohibition on water waste.

The following uses of water are defined as a “waste of water” and are prohibited except as otherwise authorized:

A. The use of water which allows substantial amounts of water to run off to a gutter, ditch or drain. Every water user is deemed to have their water distribution lines and facilities under their control at all times and to know the manner and extent of their water use and excess runoff; B. The excessive use, loss or escape of water through breaks, leaks or malfunctions in the water user’s plumbing or distribution facilities for any period of time after such escape of water should reasonably have been discovered and corrected. It shall be presumed that a period of forty-eight hours after discovery is a reasonable time within which to correct such leak or break;
C. The washing of vehicles, building exteriors, sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios or other paved areas without the use of a positive shutoff nozzle on the hose, which results in excessive runoff, except where necessary to dispose of liquids or substances that would endanger the public’s health and safety after obtaining authorization from city officials;
D. The watering of lawns, groundcover and shrubbery between the hours of eleven a.m. and six p.m. from May 1st to September 30th.

Exception: Commercial nurseries, commercial sod farmers, golf courses and similar establishments are exempt from the restrictions in subsection (D) of this section, but will be requested to minimize water waste at all times. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.060 Outdoor water use—Water conservation stages.

No one within the city shall knowingly make, cause, use or permit the use of water for residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, governmental or any other purpose in a manner contrary to any provision of this chapter, or in an amount in excess of that use permitted by the conservation stage in effect pursuant to action taken by the city manager, or his designee, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Authorized personnel shall promulgate guidelines which shall set forth the criteria for determining when a particular conservation stage is to be implemented and terminated. Such guidelines shall be updated when, in the opinion of the city manager, the conditions of the utility system have changed so as to necessitate such update. The city manager shall include in such guidelines a scheduling system designating allowed days for irrigation by customers. Said guidelines shall be available for inspection at the city offices, and the public works administrative office, Alta Irrigation District, and the library during normal business hours.

A. Stage 1. Voluntary Conservation. Water users in the city are requested to voluntarily limit the amount of water used at all times to that amount absolutely necessary for health, business and irrigation.

The Dinuba Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 2026-02, passed February 10, 2026.

Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 WATER CONSERVATION Page 2 of 6

B. Stage 2. Mandatory Compliance-Water Alert. Upon implementation by the city manager, and publication of notice, the following restrictions shall apply to all persons. All elements of Stage 1 shall remain in effect in Stage 2 except that:

1. Irrigation utilizing individual sprinklers or sprinkler systems of lawns, gardens, landscaped areas, trees, shrubs or other plants is permitted only on designated days between the hours of seven p.m. and ten a.m. Irrigation of lawns, gardens, landscaped areas, trees, shrubs or other plants is permitted at any time if:
a. A handheld hose with a positive shut off nozzle is used or, b. A handheld bucket is used or,
c. A drip irrigation system is used.

Exception: Commercial nurseries, commercial sod farmers, and similar establishments are exempt from Stage 2 irrigation restrictions, but will be requested to curtail all nonessential water use.

2. The washing of automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile equipment is permitted only between the hours of seven p.m. and ten a.m. Such washing, when allowed, shall be done with a handheld bucket, or a handheld hose equipped with a positive shutoff nozzle for quick rinses.

Exception: Washing may be done at any time on the immediate premises of a commercial carwash or commercial service station. Further, such washing may be exempted from these regulations if the health, safety and welfare of the public is contingent upon frequent vehicle cleanings, such as emergency vehicles, garbage trucks and vehicles to transport food and perishables.

3. The refilling or adding of water to swimming pools, wading pools and/or spas is permitted only between the hours of seven p.m. and ten a.m.

4. The operation of any ornamental fountain or other structure making similar use of water is prohibited unless the fountain uses a recycling system, such as an electric pump.

5. The washing of sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, courts, patios or other paved areas is absolutely prohibited.

6. All restaurants are requested to serve water to customers only when specifically requested by the customers.

C. Stage 3. Mandatory Compliance-Water Emergency. Upon implementation by the city manager and publication of notice, the following restrictions shall apply to all persons. All elements of Stage 2 shall remain in The Dinuba Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 2026-02, passed February 10, 2026.

Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 WATER CONSERVATION Page 3 of 6

effect in Stage 3 except that:

1. All outdoor irrigation of vegetation shall be permitted only between the hours of eight p.m. and twelve midnight on designated days.

2. The washing of automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile equipment not occurring upon the immediate premises of commercial carwashes and commercial service stations and not in the immediate interest of the public health, safety and welfare shall be prohibited.

3. Use of water from fire hydrants shall be limited to firefighting and/or other activities immediately necessary to maintaining the health, safety and welfare of the citizens of Dinuba.

4. Commercial nurseries, commercial sod farmers, and similar establishments shall water only on designated days between the hours of ten a.m. and six p.m. and shall use only handheld hoses, drip irrigation systems, or handheld buckets.

5. The filling, refilling, water to swimming pools, wading pools and/or spas is prohibited.

6. The operation of any ornamental fountain or similar structure is prohibited. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.070 Mandatory conservation phase implementation.

The public works department along with Alta Irrigation District shall monitor the projected supply and demand for water within the city shall recommend to the city manager the extent of the conservation required through the implementation and/or termination of particular conservation stages in order to assure the water supply of the city. Thereafter, the city manager, as directed by administrative policies, shall order that the appropriate phase of water conservation be implemented or terminated in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

Said order shall be made by public announcement and shall be published a minimum of one time in a daily newspaper of general circulation and shall continue to be published on a weekly basis until such time as all restrictions are removed and shall become effective immediately upon such publication. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989)

13.05.080 Enforcement.

It is one of the objectives of the city council that the residents of Dinuba be encouraged to voluntarily comply with the provisions of this chapter, therefore, in furtherance of said objective, the enforcement of this chapter will permit the issuance of up to three warnings of violations of Sections 13.04.090 and/or 13.04.100, by way of written notices of violation to the violating water use, before the issuance of a citation for said violations.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any person, firm or corporation violating any provisions of Sections 13.04.090 and/or 13.04.100, of this chapter, including any or all other amendments, revisions or supplements, is guilty of an infraction and, upon conviction, shall be punished accordingly, as set forth in Section 1.16.010 of this code. If any violation is continued, each day’s violation is deemed a separate infraction. (Ord. 96-2 § 10, 1996: Ord. 723 The Dinuba Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 2026-02, passed February 10, 2026.

Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 WATER CONSERVATION Page 4 of 6

any violation is continued, each day’s violation is deemed a separate infraction. (Ord. 96-2 § 10, 1996: Ord. 723 § l (part), 1989)

13.05.090 Public nuisance—Definitions.

In addition to any other remedies which may otherwise be available to the city, the city council makes the following findings and declarations:

The waste of water, as that term is defined herein, on public or private property within the city, is hereby found to contribute to and compound drought conditions which may, from time to time, exist in the city, to the detriment of one of our most precious and finite resources, water. Such conditions cause injury to the health, safety and general welfare of the citizens of Dinuba. Therefore, the waste of water within the city on private or public property, except as expressly permitted in this chapter is declared to constitute a public nuisance which may be abated in an action brought on behalf of the people of the state, by the city attorney, in any court of competent jurisdiction. (Ord. 723 § l (part), 1989)

13.05.100 Enforcement officers.

All peace officers and persons authorized by law to issue citations within the city shall, in conjunction with duties imposed by the law, diligently enforce the provisions of this chapter.

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 836.5 of the Penal Code, the following officers and employees of the city are designated as enforcement officers and authorized to issue citations for enforcement of this chapter:

Director of public works Animal control officer City engineer Building official
Public works superintendent Building inspector
Employees of the city are authorized by this chapter to issue written notices of violations of Sections 13.04.090 and 13.04.100 but are not authorized by law to issue citations for said violations. (Ord. 723 § l (part), 1989)

13.05.110 Exceptions.

Consideration of written applications for exceptions regarding regulations and restrictions on water use not otherwise set forth in previous sections of this chapter shall be as follows:

1. Written application for exception may be granted by the director of the public works department.

2. Exceptions may be granted if.
a. Compliance with this chapter would cause an unnecessary and undue hardship to the applicant, including, but not limited to, adverse economic impacts, such as loss of production or jobs; or The Dinuba Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 2026-02, passed February 10, 2026.

Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 WATER CONSERVATION Page 5 of 6

b. Compliance with this chapter would cause a condition affecting the health, sanitation, fire protection or safety of the applicant or the public. (Ord. 723 § 1 (part), 1989) The Dinuba Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 2026-02, passed February 10, 2026.

Dinuba Municipal Code Chapter 13.05 WATER CONSERVATION Page 6 of 6

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix G – Publication of Notice of Public Hearing

APPENDIX G

PUBLICATION OF NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix H – Notice of Public Hearing

APPENDIX H

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix I – 2025 UWMP and WSCP Adoption Resolution

APPENDIX I
2025 UWMP AND WSCP ADOPTION RESOLUTION
(NOT INCLUDED IN DRAFT VERSION)

City of Dinuba
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix J – 2025 UWMP Checklist

APPENDIX J
2025 UWMP CHECKLIST

RESOLUTION NO. 2026-50
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DINUBA ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN WATER

MANAGEMENT PLAN
WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and periodically update an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP); and WHEREAS, California Water Code Section 10621 requires urban water suppliers to review and update their UWMP every five years and submit the adopted Plan to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR); and
WHEREAS, the City of Dinuba is an urban water supplier as defined by California Water Code Section 10617 and previously adopted its 2020 Urban Water Management Plan on January 11, 2022; and WHEREAS, the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Sections 10621 and 10642, the City provided notice of its intent to prepare the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the applicable public agencies, made the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing in accordance with Government Code Section 6066, and provided notice of the hearing to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service; and WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council on September 8, 2026, during which all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard and all comments received regarding the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan were considered prior to adoption.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Dinuba as follows:

1. The Council adopts the City of Dinuba 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.

2. The Council authorizes and directs the Public Works Director, or designee, to submit the adopted 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the California Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and all other agencies as required by California Water Code Section 10644, to make the adopted Plan available for public review, and to take all actions necessary to implement the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 8th day of September, 2026, at a regular meeting of the Dinuba City Council by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

_______________________________
Rachel Nerio-Guerrero, Mayor of the
City of Dinuba
ATTEST:

_________________________________
Maria Alaniz, City Clerk

RESOLUTION NO. 2026-49
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DINUBA ADOPTING THE 2025 WATER SHORTAGE

CONTINGENCY PLAN
WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and periodically update an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP); and WHEREAS, California Water Code Section 10632 requires each urban water supplier to prepare and adopt a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) that establishes the actions the supplier will undertake to respond to water shortages and catastrophic water supply interruptions; and WHEREAS, the City of Dinuba is an urban water supplier as defined by California Water Code Section 10617 and previously adopted its 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan on January 11, 2022; and
WHEREAS, the Draft 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook; and WHEREAS, the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan establishes six standard water shortage levels, identifies corresponding demand reduction actions, response measures, communication procedures, enforcement provisions, annual water supply assessment procedures, and actions to address catastrophic water supply interruptions in accordance with California Water Code Section 10632; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Sections 10621 and 10642, the City provided notice of its intent to prepare the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan to the applicable public agencies, made the Draft Water Shortage Contingency Plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing in accordance with Government Code Section 6066, and provided notice of the hearing to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service; and WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council on September 8, 2026, during which all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard and all comments received regarding the Draft 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan were considered prior to adoption.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Dinuba as follows:

1. The Council adopts the City of Dinuba 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

2. The Council authorizes and directs the Public Works Director, or designee, to submit the adopted 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan to the California Department of Water Resources in accordance with California Water Code Section 10644, make the adopted Plan available for public review, and take all actions necessary to implement the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 8th day of September, 2026, at a regular meeting of the Dinuba City Council by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

_______________________________
Rachel Nerio-Guerrero, Mayor of the
City of Dinuba
ATTEST:

_________________________________
Maria Alaniz, City Clerk

City Council Staff Report
Department: ADMINISTRATIVE

SERVICES
September 8, 2026
To: Mayor and City Council
From: Karina Solis, Administrative Services Director
By: Karina Solis, Administrative Services Director
Subject: Fiscal Year 2025/26 Cash and Investment Report for the Quarter Ending June 30, 2026 (KS)
RECOMMENDATION:

Council to review and accept the City of Dinuba Cash and Investment report for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025/26.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The investment report summarizes the city's cash and rates of return on investments for the fourth and final quarter of fiscal year 2025/26. This report is informational only with no action required.

OUTSTANDING ISSUES:

None.

DISCUSSION:

Cash and Investment Summary
The cash and investment summary through the fourth quarter of the 2025/26 fiscal year covers the city’s cash position and return on investments for the full year of the fiscal year, July 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026.

The city’s cash and investments as of June 30, 2026 total $71.2 million as reflected on Table 1 and summarized in Attachment ‘1’.

Table 1: Cash Summary as of June 30, 2026
Amount
Cash/Investment Type (in millions)
Banks & Deposits $4.89

Trustee Cash and Investments $1.68
Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) $9.47
Money Market Deposit (PIMMA) $32.23
California Asset Management Program (CAMP) $2.29
Tulare County Investment Pool $0.00
Meeder $20.69
Total Cash & Investments $71.25
Portfolio and Managed Investments
The City invests with the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF). LAIF is a pooled investment fund established by the state to provide cities with safe investment option that is administered by the State of California Treasurer’s Office. Interest rates in LAIF lag behind the current economic trends. At the end of the fourth quarter, the interest rate for LAIF was at 3.98%.

The City also invests in Mechanics Bank’s Public Investment Money Market Account (PIMMA). At the end of June, the PIMMA interest rate was at 3.92% The City also invested in the Tulare County investment pool; however, all funds were withdrawn as of August 8, 2025. Interest earned from July 1, 2025 through August 8, 2025 totaled $11,348. As a result of the withdrawal, no interest was received from the Tulare County pool during the fourth quarter.

The city began investing in the California Asset Management Program (CAMP) Joint Powers Authority (JPA) in January 2023. CAMP’s Trust’s Cash Reserve Portfolio (Pool) is a short-term portfolio which seeks to preserve principal, provide daily liquidity and earn a high level of income. The Pool is a long-established short-term investment alternative for California public agencies. At the end of June, the interest rate for CAMP was at 3.77%.

In August 2025, the City began investing with Meeder Public Funds to achieve greater diversification within its investment portfolio and to pursue higher yields. The investments with Meeder are structured as long-term holdings, which are expected to generate higher returns over time compared to the City’s overnight investment vehicles that fluctuate with daily interest rate changes. At the end of June, the interest rate with Meeder was at 3.92%.

The combined pooled interest earnings of $2,153,801 are broken down as follows:

LAIF - Local Agency Investment Fund, 3.98% $ 408,077
US Bank – Meeder, 3.92% $ 687,404
PIMMA - Public Investment Money Market Account, 3.92% $ 932,257 CAMP - California Asset Management Program, 3.77% $ 114,714 Tulare County Investment Pool, 3.735% $ 11,348

To compare the 2025/26 fiscal year to the 2024/25 fiscal year, there is a reduction of interest earned in the amount of $540,534.

Through the fourth quarter of 2024/25 the interest collected was $2,694,335 with the breakdown and interest rates at the end of the quarter as follows:

LAIF - Local Agency Investment Fund, 4.48% $ 225,440
PIMMA - Public Investment Money Market Account, 4.58% $ 883,352 CAMP - California Asset Management Program, 4.40% $1,544,062 Tulare County Investment Pool, 3.575% $ 41,482
The difference between the current and previous fiscal years is due to the changing interest rates. Since July 1, 2025, there were three Fed rate cuts of 0.25 percentage points for a total of 0.75 percentage point cut.

In summary, the city’s interest earnings on cash investments through the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025/26 totaled $2,153,801 The City’s Cash and Investment Summary is enclosed as Attachment ‘1’.

The Federal Reserve held its last meeting of the City's fiscal year on June 16–17, 2026, and decided to keep its key interest rate unchanged. This was the fourth meeting in a row where the Fed chose not to change interest rates. The Fed’s last rate cut was in December 2025, when it lowered rates by 0.25 percentage points. As a result, there were no changes to interest rates during the City’s fourth quarter, which runs from April 1 through June 30, 2026. The federal funds rate remained at the 3.50% - 3.75% range as we closed out the fiscal year.

Looking ahead to the next quarter, interest rates are expected to remain relatively stable, although there is still uncertainty about the direction of rates. The Federal Reserve kept its key interest rate at 3.50% to 3.75% at its July meeting, but three members of the Fed voted in favor of raising rates because of continued concerns about inflation. While a rate cut remains possible if inflation begins to ease and the economy slows, recent economic data and market expectations have also raised the possibility of a rate increase. As a result, we expect interest rates to remain around their current levels during the next quarter, but will continue to monitor economic conditions that could influence the Federal Reserve's decisions.

FISCAL IMPACT:

The City’s monetary resources are organized and accounted for on a fund basis with some of those funds being restricted for specified uses and others that are unrestricted.

For investment purposes, all funds are invested as a pool.

The investment report for the period ending June 30, 2026 shows a combined pool balance of $71,246,996 of which, $2,153,801 was the combined pool interest earnings.

PUBLIC HEARING:

None.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Cash and Investment Summary Qtr 4 2025-26

Attachment '1'
2025/26
Actual Cash Balance or Fiscal Year to date
Name of Institution Purpose Rate Portfolio Market Value Interest Earnings Cash In Banks
Mechanics Bank Accounts Payable, Payroll, Golf 4,806,837 Bank of the Sierra Police 75,867
Petty Cash Various City Departments 8,570
Total Cash Deposits $4,891,274
Cash and Investments with Fiscal Agents (Trustee)
US Bank Safe Drinking Water 525,637
US Bank 2012 Lease Revenue Bonds 617,643
US Bank 2012 Wastewater Revenue Bonds 533,042
Total Trustee Deposits $1,676,323
Portfolio Investments
LAIF - Local Agency Investment Fund State of California Investment 3.98% 9,472,920 408,077 PIMMA - Public Investment Money Market Account Money Market Investment 3.92% 32,231,592 932,257 Total Portfolio Investments $41,704,512 $1,340,335
Managed Investments
CAMP - California Asset Management Program** Joint Powers Authority Investment 3.77% 2,287,484 114,714 Tulare County Investment Pool*** Tulare County Investment 3.735%* - 11,348 US BANK - Meeder**** Longer-Term Investment Account 3.92% 20,687,404 687,404 Total Managed Investments $22,974,888 $813,466
Total Cash and Investments $71,246,996 $2,153,801
* The rate indicated is at the end of the period indicated on the report. Daily rates vary. ** Managed by PFM Financial Advisors
*** Managed by Tulare County Treasury Staff and PFM Financial Advisors **** Investments with Meeder began after the beginning of the fiscal year on 8/12/2025 Cash and Investment Summary
As of June 30, 2026

City Council Staff Report
Department: CITY MANAGER'S OFFICE September 8, 2026
To: Mayor and City Council
From: Maria Alaniz, City Clerk/HR Director
By:

Subject: Designation of League of California Cities Voting Delegate and Alternate(s) (MA)
RECOMMENDATION:

Council to appoint a delegate and alternate delegate(s) to vote on matters pertaining to League policy on behalf of the City of Dinuba at the League of California Cities Annual Business Meeting.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The Annual League of California Cities Conference will be held on September 23–25, 2026, in Anaheim, California. The City Council must designate one voting delegate and may appoint up to two (2) alternate voting delegates, to vote on the City's behalf concerning League policy. Only the delegate and alternates appointed by the City Council and, who are registered to attend the Annual League Conference, may vote at the annual business meeting.

OUTSTANDING ISSUES:

None.

DISCUSSION:

The Annual League of California Cities Conference will be held on September 23–25, 2026, in Anaheim, California. The League's Annual Business meeting will take place on Friday, September 25, 2026, during which member cities will cast their votes on resolutions concerning League policy. Each member city has the right to cast one vote. (Attachment 'A')
Consistent with the League's bylaws, the City Council may designate one voting delegate and up to two (2) alternates to represent the City. Alternates may serve in the event that the voting delegate is unable to serve in that capacity. Only those individuals who are voting delegates (or alternates) may sign petitions to initiate a League resolution. In addition, all voting delegates and alternates must be registered for the

Annual Conference.

FISCAL IMPACT:

None.

PUBLIC HEARING:

None required.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Attachment 'A' League Delegate Voting Procedures

1400 K Street, Suite 400, Sacramento, CA 95814 • 916.658.8200 • calcities.org General Assembly Voting Guidelines

1. One City One Vote. Each member city has a right to cast one vote on matters pertaining to Cal Cities policy.

2. Designating a City Voting Representative. Prior to the Cal Cities Annual Conference and Expo, each city council may designate a voting delegate and up to two alternates; these individuals are identified on the voting delegate form provided to the Cal Cities Credentials Committee.

3. Registering with the Credentials Committee. The voting delegate, or alternates, may pick up the city's voting card at the voting delegate desk in the conference registration area. Voting delegates and alternates must sign in at the voting delegate desk. Here they will receive a special sticker on their name badge and thus be admitted to the voting area at the General Assembly.

4. Signing Initiated Resolution Petitions. Only those individuals who are voting delegates (or alternates), and who have picked up their city’s voting card by providing a signature to the credentials committee at the voting delegate desk, may sign petitions to initiate a resolution.

5. Voting. To cast the city's vote, a city official must have in their possession the city's voting card and voting tool; and be registered with the credentials committee. The voting card may be transferred freely between the voting delegate and alternates but may not be transferred to another city official who is neither a voting delegate nor alternate.

6. Voting Area at General Assembly. At the General Assembly, individuals with a voting card will sit in a designated area. Admission to the voting area will be limited to the individual in possession of the voting card and with a special sticker on their name badge identifying them as a voting delegate.

7. Resolving Disputes. In case of dispute, the credentials committee will determine the validity of signatures on petitioned resolutions and the right of a city official to vote at the General Assembly.