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conclusions, advice, recommendation, or counsel ind ependent of the control and direction of the CITY or any CITY official, other than normal contract monitoring. In addition, CONTRACTOR possesses no authority with respect to a ny CITY decision beyond these conclusions, advice, recommendation, or counsel.
14) EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT REPORTING REQUIRE MENTS. When the CITY executes an agreement for or makes payment to CONTR ACTOR in the amount of $600 (six hundred dollars) or more in any one calendar year, CONTRACTOR shall provide the following information to CITY to comply with Employment Devel opment Department (EDD) reporting requirements:
a) Whether CONTRACTOR is doing business as a sole prop rietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, corporation, limited liability corporation, non-profit corporation or other form of organization.
b) If CONTRACTOR is doing business as a sole proprieto rship, CONTRACTOR shall provide the full name, address and social security number or federal tax identification number of the sole proprietor.
c) If CONTRACTOR is doing business as other than a sol e proprietorship, CONTRACTOR shall provide CONTRACTOR’s federal tax identification number. 15) LABOR AND WAGE CODE GUIDELINES. Attention is direc ted to Section 1777.5 of the Labor Code as it applies to Apprenticeship Standards.
The general prevailing wage rates for each craft, c lassification, or type of workman shall be determined by the Director of Industrial Relations (available online at http://www.dir.ca.gov/dlsr/PWD/index.html - select the appropriate wage decision and then collect the wage decisions for Statewide, Northern California and Solano County). A copy of these wage rate determination are kept on file are available for review at the Office of the City Engineer located at 1000 Webster Street.
In accordance with the provisions of Section 1860 o f the California labor Code, attention is directed to the requirement that in accordance with the provisions of Section 3700 of the California Labor Code, every contactor will be requ ired to secure the payment of compensation of his or her employees.
Attention is directed to the Federal Minimum wage rate requirements. If there is a difference between the minimum wage rates predetermined by the Secretary of Labor and the general prevailing wage rates determined by the Director of the California Department of Industrial relations for similar classifications of labor, the Contractor and subcontractors shall pay not less than the higher wage rates. The Department wi ll not accept lower State wage rates not specifically included in the Federal minimum wage d eterminations. Where Federal wage determinations do not contain the State wage rate determination otherwise available for use by the Contractor and subcontractors, the Contracto r and subcontractors shall pay not less than the Federal minimum wage rates, which most clo sely approximates the duties of the employees in question.
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16) CONTRACT BONDS (required for projects above $25k). The Contractor shall furnish two good and sufficient bonds in compliance with applicable federal and state laws. One of the bonds in the amount of one hundred percent (100%) of the contract price shall guarantee the faithful performance of the contract by the Contrac tor; and, in addition, by its terms, the faithful performance bond shall remain in full forc e and effect for a period of one (1) year from and after the completion and acceptance of sai d work to guarantee the repair and/or replacement of faulty workmanship and defective mat erial. The other bond shall be a payment (labor and material) bond in the amount of one hundred percent (100%) of the contract price. Each respective bond shall be in the form set forth in the Articles of Agreement Section.
Whenever any surety or sureties on any such bonds, or on any bonds required by law for the protection of the claims of laborers and material m en, become insufficient, or the City has cause to believe that such surety or sureties have become insufficient, a demand in writing may be made of the Contractor for such further bond or bonds or additional surety, not exceeding that originally required, as is considere d necessary, considering the extent of the work remaining to be done. Thereafter no payment shall be made upon such contract to the Contractor or any assignee of the Contractor until such further bond or bonds or additional surety has been furnished.
The City Engineer before execution of the contract by City may require that Contractor submit the documents enumerated in Code of Civil Procedure section 995.660 to verify the sufficiency of the surety or sureties on the contract bonds.
9 Rev. 01/09/2025
EXHIBIT “D”
INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
CONSULTANT shall procure and maintain for the duration of the contract insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder by the CONSULTANT, its agents, representatives, or employees. 1) MINIMUM SCOPE AND LIMITS OF INSURANCE
a) Commercial General Liability coverage (occurrence Form CG 00 01) with minimum limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence for bodily injury, per sonal injury, products and completed operations, an d property damage. If Commercial General Liability o r other form with a general aggregate limit is used , either the general aggregate limit shall apply separately to this project/location or the general aggregate limit shall be twice the required occurrence limit.
b) Automobile Liability coverage (Form CA 00 01 with C ode 1 – any auto) with minimum limits of $1,000,000 per accident for bodily injury and property damage. c) Workers’ Compensation insurance as required by the State of California and Employers’ Liability insurance, each in the amount of $1,000,000 per accident for bodily injury or disease. 2) INDUSTRY SPECIFIC COVERAGES
If checked below, the following insurance is also required.
Professional Liability Insurance / Errors and Omissions Liability in the minimum amount of $1,000,000 per occurrence.
Pollution Liability Insurance in the minimum amount of $1,000,000 per occurrence Garage Keepers Insurance in the minimum amount of $1,000,000 per occurrence Fidelity / Crime / Dishonesty Bond in the minimum amount of $____________ MCS-90 Endorsement to Business Automobile insurance for transportation of hazardous materials and pollutants
Builder’s Risk / Course of Construction Insurance in the minimum amount of $__________.
3) INSURANCE PROVISIONS
a) DEDUCTIBLES AND SELF-INSURED RETENTIONS. Any deduc tibles or self-insured retentions must be declared to and approved by the CITY. At the op tion of the CITY, either the insurer shall reduce o r eliminate such deductibles or self-insured retentions as respects the CITY, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers; or the CONSULTANT shall procure a b ond guaranteeing payment of losses and related investigations, claim administration and defense expenses. b) The general and automobile liability policies (and if applicable, pollution liability, garage keepers liability and builder’s risk policies) are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following provisions:
10 Rev. 01/09/2025
i) The CITY, its officers, officials, employees and vo lunteers are to be covered as insureds as respects: liability arising out of work or operati ons performed by or on behalf of the CONSULTANT; products and completed operations of th e CONSULTANT; premises owned, occupied or used by the CONSULTANT; and automobiles owned, leased, hired or borrowed by the CONSULTANT. The coverage shall contain no special limitations on the scope of protection afforded to the CITY, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers. ii) For any claims related to this project, the CONSULTANT’S insurance coverage shall be primary insurance as respects the CITY, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers. Any insurance or self-insured maintained by the CITY, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers shall be in excess of the CONSULTANT’S insurance and shall not contribute with it. iii) Any failure to comply with reporting or other provisions of the policies including breaches of warranties shall not affect coverage provided to th e CITY, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers.
iv) The CONSULTANT’S insurance shall apply separately to each insured against whom claim is made or suit is brought, except with respect to the limits of the insurer’s liability. v) Each insurance policy required by this clause shall be endorsed to state that coverage shall not be suspended, voided, canceled by either party, reduced in coverage or in limits except after thirty (30) days’ prior written notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, has been given to the CITY.
vi) The policy limits of coverage shall be made available to the full limits of the policy. The minimum limits stated above shall not serve to reduce the C ONSULTANT’S policy limits of coverage.
Therefore, the requirements for coverage and limits shall be (1) the minimum coverage and limits specified in this agreement, or (2) the broader coverage and maximum limits of coverage of any insurance policy or proceeds available to the named insured, whichever is greater. c) ACCEPTABILITY OF INSURER. Insurance is to be placed with insurers with a current A.M. Best’s rating of no less than A:VII, unless otherwise acceptable to the CITY.
VERIFICATION OF COVERAGE. CONSULTANT shall furnish the CITY with original endorsements effecting coverage required by this Exhibit D. The endorsements are to be signed by a person authorized by that insurer to bind coverage on its behalf; on forms eq uivalent to CG 20 10 11 85, subject to CITY approva l; and submitted electronically via email at [email protected] . All insurance certificates and endorsements are to be received and approved by the CITY before work commences. At the request of the CITY, CONSULTANT shall provide complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies, includin g endorsements affecting the coverage required by these specifications. d) SUB-CONTRACTORS. CONSULTANT shall require all subc ontractors to procure and maintain insurance policies subject to the requirements of Exhibit D. Failure of CONSULTANT to verify existence of sub- contractor’s insurance shall not relieve CONSULTANT from any claim arising from sub-contractors work on behalf of CONSULTANT.
11 Rev. 01/09/2025
Check this box if section does not apply City Initial Contractor Initi al
PERFORMANCE BOND
(include if project is over $25k)
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that:
WHEREAS the City of Fairfield (“City”) has awarded to
(Name and address of Contractor)
(“Contractor”) a contract (the “Contract”) for the work described as follows:
CALTRANS WESTBOUND TRUCK SCALES CASING EXTENSION
WHEREAS, Contractor is required under the terms of the Contract to furnish a bond for the faithful performance of the Contract.
NOW, THEREFORE, we, the undersigned Contractor, as Principal, and
,
(Name and address of Surety)
(“Surety”) a duly admitted surety insurer under the laws of the State of California, as Surety, are held and firmly bound unto City in the penal sum of
Dollars ($ ), this amount being not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the total contract price, in lawful money of the United States of America, f or the payment of which sum well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents.
THE CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION IS SUCH THAT, if t he hereby bounded Contractor, his, her or its heirs, executors, administrators, successors or ass igns, shall in all things stand to and abide by, an d well and truly keep and perform all the undertakings, te rms, covenants, conditions and agreements in the Contract and any alteration thereof made as therein provided, on the Contractor's part to be kept and performed, all within the time and in the manner th erein specified, and in all respects according to t heir true intent and meaning, and shall indemnify and ho ld harmless City, its officers, agents, and others as therein provided, then this obligation shall become null and void; otherwise, it shall be and remain in full force and effect.
In case suit is brought upon this bond, Surety furt her agrees to pay all court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees in an amount fixed by the court.
12 Rev. 01/09/2025
FURTHER, the Surety, for value received, hereby stipulates and agrees that no change, extension of time, alteration, addition or modification to the terms o f the Contract, or of the work to be performed thereunder, or the specifications for the same, shall in any way affect its obligations under this bond, and it does hereby waive notice of any such change, extension of time, alteration, addition, or modification to the terms of the Contract or to the work or to the specifications thereunder. Surety hereby waives the provisions of California Civil Code §§ 2845 and 2849. City is the principal beneficiary of this bond and has all rights of a party hereto.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this instrument shall for all p urposes be deemed an original hereof, have been duly executed by Contractor and Surety, on the date set forth below, the name of each corporate party being hereto affixed and these presents duly signed by its undersigned representative(s) pursuant to authority of its governing body.
Dated:
“Contractor” “Surety”
By: By:
Title Title
By: By:
Title Title
(Seal) (Seal)
Note: This bond must be executed and dated, all signatures must be notarized , and evidence of the authority of any person signing as attorney-in-fact must be attached.
13 Rev. 01/09/2025
Check this box if section does not apply City Initial Contractor Initi al
PAYMENT BOND
(LABOR AND MATERIALS)
(include if project is over $25k)
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that:
WHEREAS the City of Fairfield (“City”) has awarded to
(Name and address of Contractor)
(“Contractor”), a contract (the “Contract”) for the work described as follows:
CALTRANS WESTBOUND TRUCK SCALES CASING EXTENSION
WHEREAS, Contractor is required under the terms of the Contract and the California Civil Code to secure the payment of claims of laborers, mechanics, material men, and other persons as provided by law.
NOW, THEREFORE, we, the undersigned Contractor, as Principal, and
,
(Name and address of Surety)
(“Surety”) a duly admitted surety insurer under the laws of the State of California, as Surety, are held and firmly bound unto City in the penal sum of
Dollars ($ ), this amount being not less than o ne hundred percent (100%) of the total contract price, in lawful money of the United States of America, for the payment o f which sum well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents.
THE CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION IS SUCH THAT, if the hereby bounded Contractor, his, her or its heirs, executors, administrators, successors or assigns, or subcontractors shall fail to pay any of the persons named in Section 3181 of the California Civil Code, or any amounts due under the Unemployment Insurance Code with respect to work or labor performed under the Contract, or for any amounts required to be deducted, withheld, and paid over to the Employment Development Department from the wages of employees of the Contractor and subcontractors pursuant to Section 1 3020 of the Unemployment Insurance Code, with respect to work or labor performed under the Contract, the Surety will pay for the same in an amount not exceeding the penal sum specified in this bond; otherwise, this obligation shall become null and void.
This bond shall inure to the benefit of any of the persons named in Section 3181 of the California Civ il
14 Rev. 01/09/2025
Code so as to give a right of action to such person s or their assigns in any suit brought upon the bon d. In case suit is brought upon this bond, Surety further agrees to pay all court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees in an amount fixed by the court.
FURTHER, the Surety, for value received, hereby stipulates and agrees that no change, extension of time, alteration, addition or modification to the terms o f the Contract, or of the work to be performed thereunder, or the specifications for the same, shall in any way affect its obligations under this bond, and it does hereby waive notice of any such change, extension of time, alteration, addition, or modification to the terms of the Contract or to the work or to the specifications thereunder. Surety hereby waives the provisions of California Civil Code §§ 2845 and 2849.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF this instrument shall for all purposes be deemed an original hereof, have been duly executed by Contractor and Surety, on the date set forth below, the name of each corporate party being hereto affixed and these presents duly signed by its undersigned representative(s) pursuant to authority of its governing body.
Dated:
“Contractor” “Surety”
By: By:
Title Title
By: By:
Title Title
(Seal) (Seal)
Note: This bond must be executed and dated, all signatures must be notarized , and evidence of the authority of any
15 Rev. 01/09/2025
person signing as attorney-in-fact must be attached.
CALIFORNIA ALL -PURPOSE -ACKNOWLEDGMENT CIVIL CODE § 1189 A notary public or other officer completing this ce rtificate verifies only the identity of the individ ual who signed the document, to which this certificate is attached, and not the trustfulness, accuracy, or validity of that document.
State of California ) County of ____________________________ )
On ________________________ before me, _______________________________________, Date Here Insert Name and Title of the Officer Personally appeared ___________________________________________________________ Name(s) of Signer(s)
____________________________________________________________________________ Who proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evide nce to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledgment to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.
Place Notary Seal Above
I certify under PENALTY OF PERJURY under the laws
of the State of California that the foregoing
paragraph is true and correct.
WITNESS my hand and official seal.
Signature _____________________________
Signature of Notary Public
OPTIONAL
Though this section is optional, completing this information can deter alteration of the document or fraudulent reattachment of this form to an unintended document.
Description of Attached Document
Title or Type of Document: ____________________________ Document Date: ____________ Number of Pages: _______ Signer(s) Other Than Named Above: ________________________ Capacity(ies) Claimed by Signer(s)
16 Rev. 01/09/2025
Signer’s Name: ________________________
€ Corporate Officer – Title(s):_____________
€ Partner – € Limited € General
€ Individual € Attorney in Fact
€ Trustee € Guardian or Conservator
€ Other: ______________________________
Signer Is Representing: __________________
_____________________________________
Signer’s Name: ________________________
€ Corporate Officer – Title(s):_____________
€ Partner – € Limited € General
€ Individual € Attorney in Fact
€ Trustee € Guardian or Conservator
€ Other: ______________________________
Signer Is Representing: __________________
_____________________________________
Agenda Item No: P.7
AGENDA REPORT
DATE: June 16, 2026
TO: Acting Mayor and Council
FROM: David Gassaway, City Manager
SUBJECT: Resolution 2026-124 PW 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Update Adoption
Adoption of the 2025 City of Fairfield Urban Water Management Plan
Funding Source: N/A
Contact: Michael J. Hether, (707) 428-7493
RECOMMENDED ACTION
Adopt resolution.
STATEMENT OF ISSUE
Under California law, the City of Fairfield is required to prepare and adopt an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) every five years. The most recent UWMP was adopted by the City Council on June 15, 2021. The City is required to submit the updated UWMP to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) by July 1, 2026.
DISCUSSION
The Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) was adopted by the California state legislature as Assembly Bill (AB) 797 in 1983. The Act requires all urban water suppliers exceeding a threshold of more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) annually, to develop an UWMP and to update it every five years. The City of Fairfield’s water system exceeds both thresholds and consequently has complied with provisions of the Act since inception. The DWR reviews all UWMPs to ensur e that water suppliers are implementing effective water management strategies to support long-range planning activities.
UWMP is a planning document that supports long-term water resource planning, whose purpose is to ensure the availability of adequate w ater supplies for demands imposed by future growth.
Urban water suppliers are required to assess the reliability of water sources over a 20 -year planning horizon that considers normal, dry, and multiple dry years. A UWMP plan generally describes and eval uates water supply sources, projected population, future water demands,
demand management measures, strategies for responding to water shortages, and other relevant information to ensure an appropriate level of reliability in water supply and demand forecasting.
Legislation enacted in 2018 requires water suppliers to develop a stand -alone Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP). The WSCP outlines actions to be taken during drought conditions or catastrophic water supply shortages. Maintaining the WSCP as a separate document from the UWMP allows updates and amendments to be made independently without revising the UWMP.
Accordingly, the 2025 WSCP is included as Appendix B of the 2025 UWMP.
The proposed UWMP and WSCP update provides a comprehensive look at th e City’s water sources and evaluates available supply alongside potential demands based on projected growth over the period of 202 5 to 204 5. The primary water sources for the City have been and will continue to be from the Solano Project (Lake Berryessa) and the State Water Project (SWP).
Projected demands imposed by future growth were taken from land use information taken from the City’s General Plan and Public Utility Master Plan.
Previous up dates have also addressed the implementation of water conservation goals. This update continues those efforts by promoting water conservation best management practices focused on preventing water waste, improving irrigation efficiency in both existing and newly landscaped areas, increasing water-use efficiency within the business community, and expanding public outreach and education efforts. Through sound planning and ongoing investment in the City’s water utility system, the City has maintained a highly r eliable water supply for the community.
The City must adopt and submit both the UWMP and the WSCP to DWR by July 1, 2026, in accordance with State regulations.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
N/A
PUBLIC CONTACT/ADVISORY BODY RECOMMENDATION
Staff notified the Cities and County that the Administrative Draft of the Urban Water Management Plan was available for review and comment. In addition, a public hearing will be held.
ALTERNATIVE ACTION
This action is mandatory pursuant to requirements of the Water Conservation Act and the Water Conservation Bill of 2009.
COORDINATED WITH
N/A
STAFF CONTACT
Michael J. Hether, Assistant Public Works Director - Utilities (707) 428-7493
[email protected]
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 2: Proposed Resolution
Attachment 3: Proposed 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Update
CITY OF FAIRFIELD
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-124
ADOPTION OF THE 2025 CITY OF FAIRFIELD URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
WHEREAS, the City of Fairfield prepared and adopted an updated Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) in conformance with the requirements of state law as administered by the Department of Water Resources ; and
WHEREAS, the State of California requires updates to the Urban Water Management Plan every five years; and
WHEREAS, the last update to the Urban Water Management Plan was adopted in 2021; and
WHEREAS, the City of Fairfield has reviewed the UWMP and prepared an update in conformance with the State of California Department of Water Resources requirements.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FAIRFIELD HEREBY RESOLVES:
Section 1. The UWMP update is hereby adopted and ordered filed with the city clerk.
Section 2. The city manager is hereby authorized and directed to file the UWMP update with the State of California Department of Water Resources by July 1, 2026.
Section 3. The city manager is hereby authorized and directed to implement the Water Conservation Programs as detailed in the adopted UWMP update, including recommendations to the City Council regarding necessary procedures, rules, and regulations to carry out effective and equitable water conservation programs.
RES. NO. 2026-124
PASSED AND ADOPTED this 16th day of June 2026, by the following vote:
AYES: MEMBERS: BERTANI/CARR/PANDURO/SANDHU/TONNESEN/WILLIAMS NOES: MEMBERS: _________________________________________________ ABSENT: MEMBERS: _________________________________________________ ABSTAIN: MEMBERS: _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
ACTING MAYOR
ATTEST:
___________________________
CITY CLERK
June 2026
2025 Urban Water
Management Plan
Draft Final
Prepared by
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
275 Battery Street Suite 550
San Francisco, CA 94111
415-243-2411
2025 Urban Water
Management Plan
Draft Final
June 8, 2026
Prepared for
City of Fairfield
1000 Webster Street
Fairfield, California 94533
KJ Project No. 2568002*00
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Table of Contents
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL i \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx List of Tables ....................................................................................... ....................................... iii List of Figures.................................... ................................................... ...................................... iv List of Appendices ................................................................................... .................................... v List of Acronyms ..................................................................................... .................................... vi Section 1: Introduction/Layperson Description ......................................... 1-1
1.1 Overview ........................................................................................... 1 -1
1.2 Purpose ........................................... ................................................. 1 -1
1.2.1 Relationship to Other Planning by Water Agency ................... 1-2
1.2.2 Relationship to Water Shortage Contingency Plan ................. 1-2
1.3 Structure and Organization of the Plan .............................................. 1-2
1.4 Implementation of the Plan (CWC Section 10642) ............................ 1-4
1.4.1 Joint Preparation of the Plan .................................................. 1-5
1.4.2 Plan Adoption (CWC Section 10608.26(a)) ............................ 1-5
1.4.3 Public Outreach (CWC Section 10620(d)(2)) .......................... 1-5
1.4.4 Plan Availability ...................................................................... 1-6
1.5 System Description ........................................................................... 1-6
1.5.1 Service Area Physical Description (CWC Section
10631(a)) ............................................................................... 1-6
1.5.2 Service Area Boundary Maps ................................................. 1-7
1.5.3 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics (CWC Section 10631(a)) ................................................................ 1-10
1.6 Land Uses in the Service Area (CWC Section 10631(a)) ................ 1-10
1.6.1 Potential Development ......................................................... 1-13
1.7 Climate (CWC Section 10631(a)) .................................................... 1-13
1.8 Potential Effects of Climate Change ................................................ 1-13
1.8.1 Additional Resources for Water Resources Planning for Climate Change ................................................................... 1-14 Section 2: Water Demands ......................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Overview ........................................................................................... 2 -1
2.2 Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use ........................................... 2-1
2.3 Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector ............................ 2-1
2.3.1 Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code ............................... 2-1
2.3.2 Water Use Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code ...................................................................................... 2-1
2.3.3 Past Water Use ...................................................................... 2-1
2.3.4 Distribution System Water Losses .......................................... 2-2
2.3.5 Current Water Use ................................................................. 2-5
2.3.6 Projected Water Use .............................................................. 2-5
Table of Contents (cont'd)
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL ii \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx
2.3.6.1 Effects of Climate Change on Water Use ............. 2-7
2.3.7 Low Income Projected Water Demands (CWC Section
10631.1(a)) ............................................................................ 2-7 Section 3: SB X7-7 Baseline and Targets .................................................. 3-1
3.1 Existing and Target Per Capita Water Use ........................................ 3-2
3.1.1 Base Daily Per Capita Water Use for SBX7-7 Reduction ....... 3-2
3.1.2 Compliance Water Use Targets ............................................. 3-2
3.1.3 Achievement of Target ........................................................... 3-3 Section 4: Water Resources ...................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Overview ........................................................................................... 4 -1
4.2 Surface Water Supplies (CWC Section 10631(b)) ............................. 4-1
4.2.1 State Water Project ................................................................ 4-1
4.2.2 Solano Project ........................................................................ 4-1
4.2.3 Non-SWP Settlement Water ................................................... 4-2
4.3 Groundwater (CWC Section 10631(b)) .............................................. 4-2
4.4 Stormwater (CWC Section 10631(b)) ................................................ 4-2
4.5 Transfers, Exchanges, and Groundwater Banking Programs (CWC Section 10631(b) & (c)) ........................................................... 4-3
4.6 Embedded Energy Current Supply Portfolio ...................................... 4-3
4.7 Water Quality (CWC Section 10634) ................................................. 4-4
4.8 Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs (CWC Section 10631(b)(3) & 10631(f)) ..................................................................... 4-5
4.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water ........................ 4-6 Section 5: Recycled Water and Reuse ....................................................... 5-1
5.1 Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal ............................... 5-1
5.2 Recycled Water Planning .................................................................. 5-3
5.2.1 Other Methods to Expand Recycled Water ............................. 5-3
5.2.2 Projected Recycled Water Demand ........................................ 5-3
5.2.3 Methods to Encourage Recycled Water Use .......................... 5-5 Section 6: Reliability Planning ................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Overview ........................................................................................... 6 -1
6.2 Normal Water Year ........................................................................... 6-5
6.3 Single-Dry Year ................................................................................. 6-5
6.4 Multiple-Dry Year (5 years) ............................................................... 6-5
6.5 Drought Risk Assessment (CWC Section 10635(b) & (1)) ................. 6-6
6.5.1 Data and Methodologies Used ............................................... 6-8
6.5.1.1 Water Demands ................................................... 6-8
6.5.1.2 Water Supplies ..................................................... 6-8
Table of Contents (cont'd)
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL iii \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Section 7: Demand Management Measures .............................................. 7-1
7.1 Summary of Demand Management Measures .................................. 7-1
7.2 Demand Management 2020-2025 ..................................................... 7-1
7.2.1 Water Waste Prohibition ......................................................... 7-1
7.2.2 Metering ................................................................................. 7-2
7.2.3 Conservation Pricing .............................................................. 7-2
7.2.4 Public Education and Outreach .............................................. 7-2
7.2.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss ......................................... ..................................... 7-4
7.2.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support .................................................................................. 7-5
7.2.7 Other DMMs ........................................................................... 7-5
7.3 Planned DMMs to Reach Water Use Targets .................................. 7-10 Section 8: Seismic Risk Assessment ........................................................ 8-1 References ........................................................................................... ........................................ i List of Tables
Table 1-1: DWR Retail: Public Water Systems (DWR Table 2-1) .......................................... .. 1-4 Table 1-2: DWR: Plan Identification (DWR Table 2-2) ............................................................. 1-4 Table 1-3: DWR: Supplier Identification (DWR Table 2-3) ....................................................... 1-4 Table 1-4: DWR Retail Water Supplier Information Exchange (DWR Table 2-4) ..................... 1-5 Table 1-5: DWR Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Table 10-1) ........................ 1-6 Table 1-6: DWR Retail: Population - Current and Projected (DWR Table 3-1)....................... 1-10 Table 1-7: City of Fairfield Land Use (a) ............................................... ................................. 1-11 Table 1-8: Fairfield Climate Data .................................................................... ....................... 1-13 Table 2-1: Past Water Usage .......................................................................... ........................ 2-2 Table 2-2: DWR Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting (DWR Table 4-5) .................................... 2-2 Table 2-3: DWR Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (DWR Table 4-6) ....... 2-4 Table 2-4: DWR Retail: Total Use for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual (DWR Table 4-1) ..................................................................................................... .................... 2-5 Table 2-5: DWR Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected (DWR Table 4-2) .............................................. ................................................... ................. 2-6 Table 2-6: Low Income Additional Annual Water Demand Projections .................................... 2-7 Table 2-7: DWR Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections (DWR Table 4-3) ......................... 2-8 Table 3-1: DWR Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (DWR Table 5-1) ............................... 3-3 Table 4-1: DWR Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Table 6-1) ............................... 4-2 Table 4-2: DWR: City of Fairfield Energy Intensity – Potable Water Supply Process Approach 4-4 Table 4-3: Fairfield Drinking Water Quality .......................................................... .................... 4-5
Table of Contents (cont'd)
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL iv \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 4-4: DWR Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Table 6-7) ..................................................................................................... .................... 4-6 Table 4-5: DWR Retail: Water Supplies – Actual (DWR Table 6-8) ......................................... 4-7 Table 4-6: DWR Retail: Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Table 6-9) .................................... 4-8 Table 5-1: DWR Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-2) ............. 5-1 Table 5-2: DWR Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area (DWR Table 6-3) ...................................................................................... ........ 5-2 Table 5-3: DWR Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-4) .............................................. ................................................... ................. 5-4 Table 5-4: DWR Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual (DWR Table 6-5) ...................................................................................... ........ 5-5 Table 5-5: DWR Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Table 6-6) 5-5 Table 6-1: DWR Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) – State Water Project (DWR Table 7-1(a)) (a) ......................................................................... 6-2 Table 6-2: DWR Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) – Non-SWP Settlement Water (DWR Table 7-1(c)) (a) ......................................................... 6-3 Table 6-3: DWR Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) – Solano Project (DWR Table 7-1(b)) (a) ..................................................................................... 6-4 Table 6-4: DWR Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (DWR Table 7-2) ............. 6-5 Table 6-5: DWR Retail: Single-Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (DWR Table 7-3) ........ 6-5 Table 6-6: DWR Retail: Multiple-Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (DWR Table 7-4) .... 6-6 Table 6-7: DWR Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables (DWR Table 7-5) .......... 6-7 List of Figures
Figure 1-1: City of Fairfield Municipal Water System Service Area .......................................... 1-8 Figure 1-2: City of Fairfield Water Supply Schematic.................................................. ............. 1-9 Figure 1-3: City of Fairfield Land Use ............................................................... ..................... 1-12
Table of Contents (cont'd)
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL v \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx List of Appendices
Appendix A: UWMP Checklist
Appendix B: 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Appendix C: Fairfield Adoption of the 2020 UWMP and WSCP Appendix D: Public Outreach Materials
Appendix E: Water Loss Audit Output
Appendix F: DWR Standardized Tables
Table of Contents (cont'd)
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL vi \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx List of Acronyms
ABAG Association of Bay Area Governments
Act California Urban Water Management Planning Act
AF Acre-feet
AFY acre-feet per year
AMI Automatic Meter Infrastructure
AMR Automatic Meter Read
AWWA American Water Works Association
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CII Commercial, Industrial and Institutional
CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System City City of Fairfield
CWC California Water Code
DMM Demand Management Measures
DWR California Department of Water Resources
ETo Evapotranspiration
Fairfield City of Fairfield
FMU Fairfield California Municipal Utility
FSSD Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District
GPCD Gallons Per Capita per Day
gpf gallons per flush
HETs high efficiency toilets
IPR Indirect Potable Reuse
kWh kilowatt hour
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goals
MG Million Gallons
MGD Million Gallons per Day
NBA North Bay Aqueduct
NBR North Bay Regional
ppb Parts Per Billion
ppm Parts Per Million
RCD Solano Resource Conservation District
RRA risk and resiliency analysis
RUWMP Regional Urban Water Master Plan
SB X7-7 Water Conservation Act of 2009, Senate Bill 7 of Special Extended Session 7 SCWA Solano County Water Agency
SID Solano Irrigation District
SWP State Water Project
the Delta Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region
USBR U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
UWCC Urban Water Conservation Committee
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WSIP Water Savings Incentives Program
WSS Water Sense Specifications
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Section 1: Introduction/Layperson Description
1.1 Overview
This report presents the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) for the City of Fairfield (City or Fairfield). This section describes the legal underpinnings and purpose of the 2025 UWMP, some background of the City and its service area characteristics.
1.2 Purpose
An UWMP is a planning tool that generally guides the actions of water management agencies. It provides managers and the public with a broad perspective on a number of water supply issues.
It is not a substitute for project-specific planning documents, nor was it intended to be when mandated by the State Legislature.
The intent of this UWMP is to provide the Department of Water Resources (DWR) and the public with information on present and future water sources and demands and to provide an assessment of Fairfield’s water needs. Specifically, the 2025 UWMP must provide water supply planning for a 25-year planning period in 5-year increments, identify and quantify adequate water supplies for existing and future demands during normal, dry and drought years, and assure efficient use of urban water supplies. This 2025 UWMP addresses all Water Code requirements for such a plan as shown in the completed DWR UWMP checklist provided in Appendix A.
This UWMP is a management tool, providing a framework for action, but not functioning as a detailed project development or action. It is important that this UWMP be viewed as a long-term, general planning document, rather than as an exact blueprint for supply and demand management. Water management in California is not a matter of certainty, and planning projections may change in response to a number of factors. From this perspective, it is appropriate to look at the UWMP as a general planning framework, not a specific action plan. It is an effort to generally answer a series of planning questions including:
What are the potential sources of supply and what is the reasonable probable yield from them?
What is the probable demand, given a reasonable se t of assumptions about growth and implementation of good water management practices?
How well do supply and demand figures match up, as suming that the various probable supplies will be pursued by the implementing agency?
Using these “framework” questions and resulting answers, the implementing agency will pursue feasible and cost-effective options and opportunities to meet demands.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-2 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx The California Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) requires preparation of a plan that:
Accomplishes water supply planning over a 20-year period in five-year increments (the City is going beyond the requirements of the Act by developing a plan which spans 25 years).
Identifies and quantifies adequate water supplies, including recycled water, for existing and future demands, in normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry years. Implements conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies.
State legislation, Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life (assembly Bill 1668 and Senate Bill 606) concluded rulemaking in July 3, 2024. For simplicity, the Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life regulation is hereafter referred to as the California Water Use Objective or CWUO. The CWUO framework establishes individual efficiency goals for each urban retail water supplier based on unique characteristics of the supplier’s service area. The intent is to reduce urban water use and adapt to climate change. In some instances suppliers may adjust their objective to account for direct potable reuse, seasonal tourism, and emergency response. Starting in 2027 suppliers need to meet the overall objective. The CWUO regulation also has provisions requiring water suppliers to undertake Commercial, Industrial and Institutional (CII) performance measures. Fairfield is subject to CWUO.
In short, the UWMP answers the question: Will there be enough water for the area served by the City in future years, and what mix of programs should be explored for making this water available?
1.2.1 Relationship to Other Planning by Water Agency
This UWMP has been prepared in conjunction with the City’s General Plan Update (Fairfield Forward 2050), adopted on December 3, 2024. It also involves coordination with Solano County Water Agency’s (SCWA) 2025 UWMP update and relied on their water supply and reliability data.
1.2.2 Relationship to Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Concurrent with the 2025 UWMP update, the City also updated its Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) consistent with California Water Code (CWC) Section 10632 and Section 10635.
The WSCP outlines the City’s action plan for a drought or catastrophic water supply shortage and specifies opportunities to reduce demand and augment supplies under such conditions. The WSCP is a stand-alone document for the 2025 UWMP update and will be provided separately as Appendix B to this UWMP.
If revised, a copy of the WSCP shall be submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption.
1.3 Structure and Organization of the Plan
The following information is included in this report and is discussed in individual sections below:
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-3 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Section 1 – Introduction/Layperson Description: In this introductory chapter, a discussion on the importance of water management planning is provided and the extent of Fairfield’s efforts in related activities. The section describes the basis for preparing the 2025 UWMP, the regional planning involved, the calendar year and units of measure, and the coordination and outreach efforts utilized by the City. The section also includes maps of Fairfield’s service area and a description of the service area and climate. A discussion of the Public Water System, the organizational structure, and the history of the water supplier are also provided. Lastly, it outlines the steps taken to adopt and submit the 2025 UWMP, including Fairfield’s efforts to publicly circulate the plan for review and comment and Fairfield’s intent to implement the 2025 UWMP.
Section 2 – Water Demands: This section describes the urban water system demands. It quantifies the current water system demand by category and projects them over the planning horizon of the 2025 UWMP, including water sales to other agencies and system water losses.
Section 3 – SBx7-7 Baseline and Targets : This section describes the baseline water use, urban water use targets and achievement of 2020 target compliance.
Section 4 – Water Resources: This section describes and quantifies the current and projected sources of water available to Fairfield. It also includes information on water exchanges and transfers.
Section 5 – Recycled Water and Reuse: This section includes description and quantification of recycled water use planning by Fairfield.
Section 6 – Reliability Planning: This section describes the reliability of Fairfield’s water supply and provides a 25-year reliability projection. This description is provided for normal, single-dry years, and multiple-dry years.
Section 7 – Demand Management Measures: Fairfield’s efforts to promote conservation and to reduce demand on water supply is detailed in this section, which also specifically addresses several demand management measures.
Section 8 – Seismic Risk Assessment: Fairfield’s seismic risk analysis assessing the vulnerability of its water systems and plans to mitigate those vulnerabilities are addressed in this section.
Following Section 8, applicable references contained within this 2025 UWMP are noted, and appendices follow the references.
In accordance with the CWC, urban water suppliers with 3,000 or more service connections, or supplying 3,000 or more acre-feet per year (AFY) of water, are required to prepare an UWMP every five years. The 2025 UWMP shall be updated and submitted to the DWR by July 1, 2026.
This plan is being prepared for the City of Fairfield and is an individual rather than Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP). Data provided in this plan are reported in calendar years rather than fiscal years. To the extent possible, water volumes are reported in million gallons (MG). Table 1-1, Table 1-2, and Table 1-3 document the structure of this plan.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-4 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 1-1: DWR Retail: Public Water Systems (DWR Table 2-1) Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Volume of
Water Supplied
202 5 (MG)
CA4810003 City of Fairfield 33,937 5,840
Table 1-2: DWR: Plan Identification (DWR Table 2-2)
Select One or Both Type of Plan Name of RUWMP or
Regional Alliance if applicable
X Individual UWMP
Water Supplier is also a member of a
SB X7-7 Regional Alliance n/a
RUWMP n/a
Table 1-3: DWR: Supplier Identification (DWR Table 2-3) Type of Supplier (select one or both)
Supplier is a wholesale supplier
X Supplier is a retail supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year (select one)
X UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
If using fiscal years provide month and date that the fiscal year begins (mm/dd) Units of measure used in UWMP
Unit MG
1.4 Implementation of the Plan (CWC Section 10642)
There is an extensive set of notifications during the adoption process, documentation of submissions to the DWR, and distribution of completion notices that are a required part of this UWMP. The following documents and actions are listed as requirements of the 2025 UWMP. A copy of the adoption resolution
Documentation about how the 2025 UWMP will be impl emented. Documentation that within 30 days of submitting th e UWMP to DWR, the adopted UWMP has been or will be submitted to the California State Library and any city or county to which the supplier provides water.
Documentation that within 30 days of submitting th e UWMP to DWR, the adopted UWMP has been or will be available for public review during normal business hours.
Many of these actions and documentation that demonstrate compliance with the UWMP development guidelines will be completed after this draft is reviewed and acted on by the City of Fairfield.
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1.4.1 Joint Preparation of the Plan
The Urban Water Management Planning Act requires water suppliers to coordinate the preparation of its UWMP with other appropriate agencies in the area. This includes other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable. Various agencies are involved in supplying water to the City or having jurisdiction over a portion of the water resources. This section briefly discusses each one.
1.4.2 Plan Adoption (CWC Section 10608.26(a))
The City began preparation of this UWMP in June 2025. A draft of the plan was presented to, and reviewed by, the City Council on June 2, 2026. The final draft of the UWMP was adopted by the City Council on June 16, 2026 by Resolution No. 2026-[TBD] (Appendix C) and submitted to DWR within 30 days of City Council approval. This plan includes all information necessary to meet the requirements of Water Conservation Act of 2009 (CWC, §§ 10608.12-10608.64) and the Urban Water Management Planning Act (CWC, §§ 10610-10656). Additionally, the plan has also been submitted to all appropriate entities and made available for public review per the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act.
1.4.3 Public Outreach (CWC Section 10620(d)(2))
The City of Fairfield reached out within the community and coordinated with surrounding agencies during the preparation of the UWMP. As required under the 2025 UWMP, Table 1-4 lists the Wholesaler, SCWA, the City of Fairfield worked with to coordinate their planning efforts.
Urban water agencies preparing plans are required to hold a public hearing on the UWMP prior to its adoption. In response to these requirements, a public hearing was conducted on June 2, 2026 by the City to receive public comments and input on the UWMP. Table 1-5 presents the required notification of Cities and Counties during the development of the UWMP. A copy of the public outreach materials, including paid advertisements, newsletter covers, website postings, and invitation letters are provided in Appendix D.
Table 1-4: DWR Retail Water Supplier Information Exchange (DWR Table 2-4) Water Code Section 10631 (h)
The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use.
Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Solano County Water Agency
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-6 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 1-5: DWR Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Table 10-1) Water Code Section 10621(b) and 10642
City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing
City of Fairfield Yes Yes
City of Vacaville Yes Yes
City of Benicia Yes Yes
City of Vallejo Yes Yes
City of Dixon Yes Yes
City of Suisun Yes Yes
City of Rio Vista Yes Yes
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing
Solano County Yes Yes
Notes:
Notices also sent to Solano County Water Agency (City’s wholesaler) and Solano Irrigation District.
1.4.4 Plan Availability
As directed by City Council, in accordance with CWC Sections 10621, 10644(a)(1)-(2), and 10635(c), the UWMP will be submitted to:
The California DWR
The California State Library
Solano County Planning Department
The UWMP, or amendments to the UWMP, will be submitted to DWR electronically.
In addition, the UWMP will be posted to the City’s website and will be made available during normal business hours at City of Fairfield in the Public Works Department:
1000 Webster Street, Fairfield, CA 94533.
1.5 System Description
1.5.1 Service Area Physical Description (CWC Section 10631(a)) The City of Fairfield which has a 2025 water service area population of 121,485, is located mid- way between San Francisco and Sacramento and lies on the eastern edge of the San Francisco Bay Area hydrologic region.
Fairfield’s Municipal Water System operates within the corporate limits of the City of Fairfield, while excluding Travis Air Force Base. The Water System’s service area encompasses approximately 32 square miles. The Water System’s treatment, storage and distribution system consists of 2 treatment plants (Waterman and North Bay Regional (NBR) water treatment plants), 12 reservoirs and approximately 378 miles of distribution lines. The Water System treats and delivers an average of 21 million gallons per day (MGD), with a rated treatment capacity of
56.7 MGD to accommodate high use periods. The peak use day for the Water System to date
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-7 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx has been 37.6 MG. The City presently has approximately 78 MG of treated water storage capacity.
1.5.2 Service Area Boundary Maps
The Fairfield Water System boundary is shown on Figure 1-1 while a schematic of various water supplies and uses is found on Figure 1-2.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-8 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Figure 1-1: City of Fairfield Municipal Water System Service Area
Source: City of Fairfield Public Utility Master Plan
Figure 1-2
Distribution System Delineation
Source: City of Fairfield 2015 UWMP
City of Fairfield
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Figure 1-2
Distribution System Delineation
KJ 2568002*00
June 2026
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1.5.3 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics (CWC Section 10631(a))
Population projections for the 2025 UWMP, shown in Table 1-6, are based on the approach used by the City of Fairfield in their 2025 Public Utility Master Plan. The 2025 Public Utility Master Plan utilizes 2024 data as a starting point and the 2050 projected population from the City’s General Plan Update (Fairfield Forward 2050) as an endpoint. The population projections for 2025-2045 were determined by interpolating between the 2024 population and the projected 2050 population.
Table 1-6: DWR Retail: Population - Current and Projected (DWR Table 3-1) Water Code Section 10631(a)
Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
121,485 127,214 132,943 138,672 144,401 150,130
Notes:
Source: Public Utility Master Plan published in March 2025
Other demographic factors affecting water management include growth in the I-80 corridor between the Bay Area and Sacramento. Solano County, similar to other surrounding counties in the area, has experienced rapid urbanization in the last three decades. This growth is driven primarily by the rising cost of living in the San Francisco Bay Area, the availability of affordable housing in Solano County, and the proximity of these counties to both the Bay Area and Sacramento. The rate of population growth has averaged 0.96% per year over the past 14 years. One of the more recent factors affecting housing projections is the availability of rail service and the construction of a rail station in the North East Area of Fairfield, which is the major planned growth area of the community.
Economic growth factors affecting water supply include continued industrial growth in the food sector, which has been a water intensive use category.
Water Use Sectors of the Customer Base are addressed in Section 2.
1.6 Land Uses in the Service Area (CWC Section 10631(a)) Land use in the City of Fairfield was provided in the City’s 2024 General Plan. The City of Fairfield is comprised of three main geographical areas: Cordelia, Central Fairfield, and Northeast Fairfield. Travis Air Force Base is located within the City limits in Northeast Fairfield and makes up a large part of the City’s geographical footprint; however, it is not a part of the City’s water service area.
Current land use in the City’s land area is shown in Table 1-7 and Figure 1-3.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-11 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 1-7: City of Fairfield Land Use (a)
Land Use Percent of Land Area
Single Family Residential 18.7%
Multi -Family Residential 1.8%
Rural Residential 0.4%
Residential Care/Assisted Living 0.54%
Mobile Homes 0.4%
Commercial 4.2%
Industrial 4.9%
Public and Government 5%
Schools and Other Educational Facilities 11.9%
Public Utilities 0.3%
Open Space and Conservation 12.6%
Agricultural 3.3%
Parks and Recreation 3.1%
Trails and Greenways 1%
Suisun Marsh Land 2.1%
Vacant (b) 8.6%
Roads and Railroad Right -of -Way 13.1%
Travis Air Force Base (c) 18.4%
Notes:
(a) Source: City of Fairfield 2024 General Plan
(b) Most vacant land is located in Northeast Fairfield, and has been planned for development as part of the Train Station Specific Plan or other development approvals
(c) Part of the City’s geographic area but not a part of the water service area
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-12 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Figure 1-3: City of Fairfield Land Use
Source: City of Fairfield 2024 General Plan
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1.6.1 Potential Development
Growth within the City of Fairfield is envisioned to occur within the existing Heart of Fairfield Specific Plan and Train Station Specific Plan as their implementation continues. Established land use patterns in Fairfield are largely expected to continue into the future. The 2024 General Plan outlines eleven focus areas where major land use changes may occur. These include eight “infill” focus areas within the City limits, and three “growth” focus areas where the City may annex land in the future. Outside these areas, the existing land use pattern will likely be preserved.
1.7 Climate (CWC Section 10631(a))
The average rainfall and average temperature information comes from the Western Regional Climate Center station 042934 for the City of Fairfield. The standard monthly average evapotranspiration (ETo) comes from California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) stations 77 and 139 that were downloaded from the CIMIS web site.
The City borders the cooler San Francisco Bay area and warmer Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region (the Delta) – making summers 2 to 5 degrees cooler than inland Vacaville to the east and 2 to 5 degrees warmer than coastal Vallejo to the west. The City receives 90 percent of the annual rainfall between October and April. Measurable rainfall occurs on 50 to 60 days per year under normal conditions. The normal growing season is 244 days. Periodic high winds off the Delta and heavy clay soils often make irrigation difficult. The local climate is classified as semi-arid temperate. Fairfield has a mild two-season Mediterranean climate that is typical of the Central Valley in California. Cool, moist winters and warm-to-hot, dry summers characterize this area. Climate data for Fairfield is provided in Table 1-8.
Table 1-8: Fairfield Climate Data
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Standard
Monthly
Average
Eto
CIMIS 77 a, b 1.37 1.91 3.31 4.73 6.01 6.75 7.15 6.36 4.93 3.50 1.78 1.28 49.1 CIMIS 139 a, b 1.62 2.27 3.70 5.20 7.04 8.02 8.06 7.28 5.54 3.80 2.10 1.41 56.0 Avg.
Precipitation c 4.77 4.04 3.09 1.39 0.55 0.17 0.02 0.06 0.24 1.30 2 .75 4.30 22.7 Avg. Temp. c 46.5 51.3 54.6 58.5 64.2 69.2 72.5 72.4 70.6 64.1 54.1 47.0 60.4 Max. Daily
Temp. c 55.4 61.5 65.9 71.1 78.0 84.4 89.0 88.8 86.6 78.3 6 5.4 56.0 73.4 Min. Daily
Temp. c 37.6 41.1 43.3 45.8 50.3 54.0 56.0 56.0 54.5 49.8 4 2.7 37.9 47.4 Notes:
a CIMIS stations 77 and 139 are located in Oakville and Winters, respectively b CIMIS data recorded February 2026
c The reporting period for the Western Regional Climate Center station 042934 is December 1950 to May 2016
1.8 Potential Effects of Climate Change
A topic of growing concern for water planners and managers is climate change and the potential impacts it could have on California’s future water supplies. Climate change models have
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 1-14 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx predicted that potential effects from climatic changes will result in increased temperature, early snow melt, and a rise in sea level.
In the 2023 update of the DWR California Water Plan , the implications of future climate conditions are evaluated. These changing hydrological conditions could affect future planning efforts, which are typically based on historic conditions. The California Water Plan identifies the following probable impacts due to changes in temperature and precipitation, many of which will likely apply to Fairfield:
Changes to hydrological variability and shifts in streamflow timing. Increased inland flooding and drought severity.
Increased sea level rise and increased threat of c oastal flooding. Changes to groundwater recharge and saltwater intr usion into coastal groundwater aquifers.
Other implications of future climate conditions are likely to include changes in temperature, precipitation, evaporative demand, and other variables:
Increases in both average and extreme air temperat ures and heat extremes. Increased extreme precipitation.
Increased evaporative demand and higher water temp eratures. Potential for longer wildfire season with more ign itions as population growth continues. Reduction in snowpack.
Even without population changes, water demand could increase. Precipitation and temperature influence water demand for outdoor landscaping and irrigated agriculture. It is typical that about half of the water used by residential development is for outdoor use and therefore it is assumed that outdoor water use is a large component of Fairfield’s water demands.
1.8.1 Additional Resources for Water Resources Planning for Climate Change
The City of Fairfield is describing their efforts to mitigate impacts of climate change as part of the General Plan Update (Fairfield Forward 2050), completed and adopted in 2024. In addition, much work has been done at State and regional levels to evaluate the effects and impacts of climate change and to develop strategies to support effective statewide, regional, and local water management in the future. The following resources are a selection that may provide additional information describing water resources planning for climate change:
Climate Action Plan—Phase 2. California Department of Water Resources, 2018. (DWR 2018)
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2.1 Overview
This section contains a series of tables that present recent water use and projections into the future. All water that is produced and distributed within the Fairfield Water Utility Service area is included in this analysis. Much of the information in this section will be in table form to comply with the requirements of the UWMP Guidebook from DWR.
2.2 Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use
This section provides information regarding potable vs. non-potable demands. Fairfield does not provide recycled or raw water service. These sources of water within Solano County are provided by other agencies.
2.3 Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector
The sections that follow present breakdowns of the water sectors that apply to Fairfield, as well as actual and projected potable water uses for the various customer types. All accounts in Fairfield are metered.
2.3.1 Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code
The City of Fairfield provides water in the following DWR water use sectors: Single Family, Multi-Family, Commercial, Industrial, Institutional/Governmental, Landscape, Sales/Transfers/Exchanges to Other Agencies, Losses (i.e., distribution system water losses), and Other (e.g., fire and construction).
2.3.2 Water Use Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code The City of Fairfield meters fire and construction usage. This is categorized as “Other” in Table 2-1 and Table 2-4.
2.3.3 Past Water Use
The actual water usage reported in 2020 is summarized in Table 2-1 below.
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20 20 Actual
Use Type
(Add additional rows as needed)
Additional Description
(as needed)
Level of Treatment
When Delivered Volume
Single Family Drinking Water 3,513
Multi-Family Drinking Water 305
Commercial Drinking Water 641
Industrial Drinking Water 765
Institutional/Governmental Drinking Water 82
Landscape Drinking Water 963
Sales/Transfers/Exchanges to
other agencies Drinking Water 3
Losses Estimated as % of
consumption Drinking Water 511
Other Fire and Construction Drinking Water 25
Total 6,808
Notes:
Volumes are reported in MG
2.3.4 Distribution System Water Losses
Distribution system water losses are the physical potable water losses from the water distribution system and the supplier’s storage facilities, up to the point of customer consumption. “Water loss” is the difference between water production and water consumption and represents water that cannot be accounted for. Water losses are calculated using the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Method and are the sum of “real losses” and “apparent losses.” Table 2-2 shows the City’s water loss audit submittal status for all five years. The DWR/AWWA water loss audits prepared by Fairfield are provided in Appendix E.
Table 2-2: DWR Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting (DWR Table 4-5) Water Code Section 10631 (d)(3)(A)
Public Water System ID Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program
CA4810003
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
Notes:
City of Fairfield’s water loss reports submitted to DWR’s Water Loss Audit Program
Water Code Section 10608.34, requires compliance with a water loss standard. The State Water Resources Control Board Water Loss Performance Standard is composed of the real water loss standard and the apparent water loss standard. The water loss standard does not have to be met until 2028, however, pursuant to Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C), Retail Suppliers are required to include data in their 2025 UWMPs demonstrating whether they met the water loss standard.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 2-3 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx A comparison of results from the CY2024 AWWA Water Loss Audit to the 2028 standard is shown in Table 2-3. Based on the audit results, the City meets its Apparent Water Loss Performance Standard but currently exceeds its Real Water Loss Performance Standard. The City must be in compliance with both water loss standards by January 1, 2028. The City has been investigating the sources of water losses and is implementing register, transducer, and/or meter replacement to fully transition to automated meter infrastructure. Compliance will be re- evaluated with the City’s future annual water loss audits, which will be founded on improved data, once those are available.
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Public
Water
System ID
Did the
Water
Board
Calculate
a Water
Los
Standard
for this
Public
Water
System?
Real Water Loss Apparent Water Loss
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit Real
Water
Loss
Per
Unit
per
Day
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Apparent
Water
Loss Per
Unit per
Day
2028 Real
Water
Loss
Standard
per Unit
per day
Units
for Real
Water
Loss
Number
of Units
(a)
Volume
of Total
Real
Loss
(MG) (b)
2028
Apparent
Water
Loss
Standard
per Unit
per day
Units for
Apparent
Water
Loss
Number
of Units
(a)
Volume of
Total
Apparent
Loss
(MG) (b)
CA4810003 Yes 17.2 GPSCD 33,937 381 30.7 12.5 GPSCD 33,937 134 10.8 Notes:
(a) Number of units is reported as the number of meter connections (b) Water loss volume reported from the CY2024 AWWA Water Loss Audit
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2.3.5 Current Water Use
Current water use (2025 metered usage) is reported in Table 2-4. Since 2015, the City of Fairfield has seen an increase in single family residential, commercial, industrial, and landscape usage consistent with an increase in the number of metered connections. Overall usage has decreased by approximately 12% since 2020.
Table 2-4: DWR Retail: Total Use for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual (DWR Table 4-1)
Water Code Section 10 631(d)(1)
202 5 Actual
Use Type Additional Description
(as needed)
Level of
Treatment
When
Delivered
Volume
(MG)
Single Family Drinking Water 2,720
Multi-Family Drinking Water 443
Commercial Drinking Water 374
Industrial Drinking Water 475
Institutional/Governmental Drinking Water 104
Landscape Drinking Water 1,049
Losses Drinking Water 830
Other Fire and Construction Drinking Water 24
Total 6,017
Notes:
Water loss volume estimated using the difference between the 2025 water production data and 2025 water metered consumption data.
2.3.6 Projected Water Use
Future water demand projections were estimated using the total water demand projections developed in the City’s 2025 Public Utility Master Plan. The demand projections developed in the 2025 Public Utility Master Plan added current baseline water demands to projected water demands. The Public Utility Master Plan used conservative estimates based on historic consumption data (2019-2023) to establish the current baseline water demands. This period of historic water consumption data encompassed both dry and wet years and accounts for passive reductions in water use resulting from installation of replacement fixtures/appliances with high efficiency versions. The projected water demands were developed using a land-use based approach. The land-use based approach for water demand projections considers the changes in water use corresponding to land use changes due to future developments. Additional information on the water demand projection methodology can be found in the 2025 Public Utility Master Plan.
For the 2025 UWMP, a linear interpolation was used between the 2030 and 2050 total water demands projected in the Public Utility Master Plan. The total projected water demands were then divided into the use types based on historic water use data. The estimate was adjusted to incorporate the full yearly Anheuser-Busch contract allocation of 1,140 MG, or 3,500 acre-feet (AF). Although the entire entitlement was not used in 2025, the maximum volume of usage by
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 2-6 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Anheuser-Busch was incorporated into future projections. The resulting projected City of Fairfield demand is presented in Table 2-5.
Table 2-5: DWR Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected (DWR Table 4-2)
Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Use Type
Additional
Description
(as needed)
Projected Water Use
(Report to the Extent that Records are Available)
2030
(MG)
2035
(MG)
2040
(MG)
2045
(MG)
2050 opt
(MG)
Single Family 3,851 4,094 4,338 4,581 4,824
Multi-Family 663 706 749 792 835
Commercial 573 610 646 682 718
Industrial 1,524 1,548 1,572 1,596 1,621
Institutional/Governmental 151 160 170 179 189
Landscape 1,897 2,017 2,137 2,257 2,377
Sales/Transfers/Exchanges
to other agencies 3 3 3 3 3
Losses 385 403 422 442 463
Other Potable 25 25 25 25 25
Subtotal Potable 9,081 9,575 10,070 10,566 11,063
Subtotal Non -Potable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 9,081 9,575 10,070 10,566 11,063
Notes:
(a) Demand projections developed using the projections provided in the May 2025 Fairfield Public Utility Master Plan (b) Fairfield has periodic sales outside of SWP
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2.3.6.1 Effects of Climate Change on Water Use
As discussed in Section 1.7, one of the likely potential effects of climate change is higher temperatures, which could result in increased water use, especially from irrigation. Fairfield has observed that over time, irrigation demands appear to be decreasing as lots have become smaller and customers have selected less water intensive landscape. These changes will mitigate the potential effects of higher temperatures on water use. However, the period from 2022-2025 has had average to above average precipitation with associated reduced water use.
Water use could increase again if drier conditions were to occur.
2.3.7 Low Income Projected Water Demands (CWC Section
10631.1(a))
The City of Fairfield has operated an affordable housing program since the formation of the Fairfield Redevelopment Agency. In reviewing housing progress between 1995 and 2009 the City was involved in developing or substantially rehabilitating 765 low-income and 505 very low- income households. Fairfield Housing Authority currently has 240 affordable units approved for development over the next one to two years. Fairfield Train Station affordable housing program has planned to build 502 units of 100% affordable housing (with direct pedestrian access to Fairfield-Vacaville train station), of which 190 are under construction and 312 are expected to be complete within 5-10 years. Much of the housing development and rehabilitation will not significantly increase the water demand to the Fairfield Water Utility. The following Table 2-6 anticipates new development over this window.
Low–income water projections are based on the historical pattern of Habitat for Humanity construction and an estimation of 25% of new multi-family housing being low-income housing.
Fairfield and much of Solano County provides a lower cost housing alternative to the surrounding Bay Area counties.
Table 2-6: Low Income Additional Annual Water Demand Projections Low Income Water
Demands a 2030 (MG) 2035 (MG) 2040 (MG) 2045 (MG) 2050 (MG) Single-family residential 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.24
Multi-family residential 5.98 7.47 8.97 10.5 12.0
Total 6.90 8.47 10.1 11.6 13.2
Notes:
a Provide demands as directly estimated values.
The Fairfield Water Utility does not expect any limitation on low-income housing based on availability of water supply.
Table 2-7 provides a summary of the factors used in the water use projections.
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(Refer to Appendix K of UWMP Guidebook) Yes
If "Yes” to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included in Pr ojections? Yes Optional If the method for accounting Lower Income Residential Demands has been included, provide page number where this accounting can be found.
2-5
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This section provides the target setting requirements for 20 x 2020 water conservation efforts as detailed in the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (also known as SB X7-7) and the Technical Methodologies for Calculating Baseline and Compliance Urban Per Capita Water Use prepared by the California Department of Water Resources. Demand Management Measures to reduce system demands are included in Section 7.
SB X7-7 outlines four methodologies to calculate the 2020 target for each agency. The language describing the target setting is found in state law and online. 1 The methodologies prescribed for setting targets are as follows:
Four Target Methodologies
Target Options Summary
1 Eighty percent of the urban retail water supplier ’s baseline per capita daily water use. 2 Water Efficiency Performance Standard based on the sum of the following:
□ Indoor residential water use of 55 gallons per cap ita per day (provisional). □ Landscape Irrigation that meets the standards of t he state’s Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance. The limit of irrigation use shall not exceed the Maximum Applied Water Allowance.
□ Commercial, Industrial and Institutional water use will be reduced 10% from the baseline.
Use that falls below these standards in 2015 and 2020 are deemed efficient. 3 Ninety-five percent of the 2020 target for the San Francisco Bay Area hydrologic region.
4 The California Department of Water Resources has de tailed a target method as follows:
□ Residential use that saves 15 gallons per capita p er day □ Commercial, Industrial and Institutional water use will be reduced 10% from the baseline.
□ Landscape irrigation and water loss will be reduce d by 21.6%
It is critical to note that provisions for economic growth and industrial process water were incorporated into the SB X7-7. Provisions that allow for baseline adjustments are in process at the Department of Water Resources. Fairfield City staff were instrumental in including these provisions and are continuing to work with DWR to protect the economic interests of the City.
In the 2015 UWMP, Fairfield opted to switch to Method 1 from Method 4 in 2010. In the 2020 UWMP, Fairfield chose to continue with Method 1. Therefore, the option to calculate a 20% reduction of Gallons Per Capita per Day (GPCD) from the baseline yielded a 2020 target of 181 GPCD. The interim target for 2015 was 204 GPCD, which Fairfield achieved in its 2015 UWMP.
The actual 2020 GPCD for Fairfield was 175 GPCD, which met the SB X7-7 target of 181 GPCD set in the 2015 UWMP.
1 https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficie ncy/SB-X7-7
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3.1 Existing and Target Per Capita Water Use
As required by SB X7-7, the Water Conservation Bill of 2009, this section identifies the water use targets in 2015 and 2020 to demonstrate a 20% reduction in per capita water use by 2020.
Included are calculations of the baseline gross water use expressed as per capita daily water use (gallons per capita per day, or GPCD), baseline and target population, and year 2020 urban water use target. This section includes a description of how City of Fairfield calculated its baseline and target per capita water demands, in accordance with Method No. 1 described in "Methodologies for Calculating Baseline and Compliance Urban Per Capita Water Use " (DWR Methodologies, 2011). The City has completed the SB X7-7 Compliance Form and has summarized this form in Table 3-1 of this chapter.
3.1.1 Base Daily Per Capita Water Use for SBX7-7 Reduction Two baseline periods are to be determined during the calculation of the base daily per capita water use. The first is a continuous 10- to 15-year period used to calculate baseline per capita use, and the second is a continuous 5-year period used to determine whether the 2020 per capita water use target meets the legislation’s minimum water use reduction requirements of at least a 5% reduction per capita water use.
The legislation allows the first continuous baseline period to increase from a 10-year to a 15- year base period if the amount of recycled water delivered in 2008 was 10% or greater of total water demand. City of Fairfield’s recycled water use in 2008 did not meet 10% or greater total water demand; therefore, under the legislation, City of Fairfield may not use anything greater than a 10-year base period.
Years 1996 to 2005 were selected for calculation of the 10-year base period while years 2003 to 2007 have been selected for calculation of the 5-year base period. The City of Fairfield’s baseline GPCD was estimated to be 226, and the 5-year Baseline GPCD was 218.
3.1.2 Compliance Water Use Targets
The 2020 target was established in the 2015 UWMP. The City chose to meet SB X7-7 targets as an individual agency rather than as part of a regional alliance.
In addition to calculating base gross water use, the SB X7-7 legislation requires that a retail water supplier identify its demand reduction targets. An urban retail water supplier must have set a 2020 water use target (herein called the Compliance Water Use Target) and a 2015 interim target (herein called the Interim Water Use Target). The Interim Water Use Target was set as a halfway point between the Base Daily Water Use GPCD and the 2020 Compliance Water Use Target GPCD. The Interim Water Use Target was 204 GPCD, which Fairfield met in 2015.
The Maximum Allowable GPCD is 95 percent of the 5-year Baseline GPCD, or 207. The Compliance Water Use Target, under Method 1 (181 GPCD) is less than the Maximum Allowable GPCD and therefore no adjustments to the Compliance Water Use Target were needed. Therefore, Fairfield’s Compliance (2020) Water Use Target was 181 GPCD.
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3.1.3 Achievement of Target
The City’s actual 2020 GPCD was calculated based on the 2020 population (based on Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) Plan Bay Area 2040 estimate), and the City’s 2020 gross water use. This value was used to determine if the City met its Compliance Target.
DWR has allowed for optional adjustments to the 2020 GPCD, including extraordinary events, economic adjustments, and weather normalization. City of Fairfield made no such adjustments to the 2020 GPCD, as compliance was achieved without these factors. As shown in Table 3-1, the City of Fairfield met the 2020 Target, with an actual 2020 GPCD of 175.
Table 3-1: DWR Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (DWR Table 5-1) Water Code Section 10608.40
Check the box if the Supplier was not an Urban Wat er Supplier during or before the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle.
Was Supplier
part of a
merger or
consolidation
since 2020?
Regional
Alliance Target
or Individual
Target?
2020 Target Actual 2020
GPCD
Did Supplier
Achieve
Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
No Individual Target 181 175 Yes
Notes:
All values are in Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD)
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4.1 Overview
The primary water sources for the City of Fairfield are the Solano Project, the State Water Project (SWP), and “settlement water” obtained through negotiations with the Department of Water Resources in 2003. The two projects deliver water from Lake Berryessa and the Sacramento River, respectively. Although legally not SWP water, settlement water is derived from the yield of the SWP.
Recycled water is not a source of City water supply at present but could possibly grow into a significant supply in the long-term future. Potential industrial users near the Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District have considered using recycled water for cooling towers and non-potable irrigation.
As described in Section 1.8, the City of Fairfield outlines efforts to address climate change and its impacts to supply in the General Plan Update (Fairfield Forward 2050). As far as supply impacts are concerned, the Solano Project will be affected less severely as it is in a coastal range and is not dependent on snowpack, while SWP is less reliable, in part because of drought conditions. Section 1.8 details a summary of climate change information impacting the Fairfield service area.
4.2 Surface Water Supplies (CWC Section 10631(b))
Source water served in the City of Fairfield comes from both local watersheds of Upper Putah Creek captured by the Solano Project’s Lake Berryessa as well as the Northern Sacramento River Valley captured in the SWP’s Lake Oroville. Contracts for the water are administered by SCWA, which acts as the wholesaler of raw water for both the Federal and State Projects serving the community.
4.2.1 State Water Project
SWP water and Non-SWP Settlement Water are delivered to the City via the North Bay Aqueduct (NBA), a component of the SWP. The NBA is 27 miles long starting from Barker Slough in the Delta and ending in Napa County. The Solano County branch of the NBA was completed in 1988. The State of California is the owner of the North Bay Aqueduct, and the Department of Water Resources is the operator. The City obtains SWP water through a “member unit” contract with SCWA. Fairfield has a SWP Table A Allocation of 14,678 AF and is also entitled, under certain conditions, to North of Delta allocation and Advanced Table A under a 2013 Settlement between SCWA and DWR.
4.2.2 Solano Project
Fairfield has an Entitlement of the Federal Solano Project for 9,200 AFY, plus 18,018 AFY of additional Solano Project water through contracts with Solano Irrigation District (SID) (SID Agreement Water). Thus, Fairfield’s Solano Project entitlement from all of these contracts
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Fairfield’s allocation follows a 99%, 99% and 91% pattern during normal, single-dry and multiple-dry years.
4.2.3 Non-SWP Settlement Water
Under a 2003 Settlement agreement, up to 11,800 AFY of Non-SWP Settlement water is available, through SWP facilities, to the City during delta “excess” conditions when standard water rights Term 91 is not in effect. Excess conditions occur when the SWP and the federal Central Valley Project are unable to control flow to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
Conversely, balanced conditions occur whenever the two projects are in control of delta inflows.
Term 91 comes into effect during balanced conditions whenever the projects are required to release stored water to meet delta flow requirements. The City has determined that settlement water is a reliable supply because the City has been able to use it at least 7 out of 10 years.
4.3 Groundwater (CWC Section 10631(b))
The City of Fairfield does not use groundwater as a supply source, as indicated in Table 4-1.
Groundwater in the area is brackish and unsuitable for irrigation or drinking water use without relatively expensive treatment compared to other sources. Groundwater is not used in the municipal water supply of Fairfield and is not considered a viable component of water in Fairfield because of tidal inflows that impact water quality.
Table 4-1: DWR Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Table 6-1) Water Code Section 10631(4) and 10631(4)(c)
X Check the box if the Supplier does not pump groundwater. (Supplier will not complete the table below)
Check the box if all or part of the groundwater de scribed below is desalinated.
Groundwater
Type Location or Basin Name 2021 (MG) 2022 (MG) 2023 (MG) 2024 (MG) 2025 (MG) Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.4 Stormwater (CWC Section 10631(b))
Communities are increasingly implementing opportunities to beneficially use stormwater to meet local water supply demands. These actions are motivated by constrained local water resources, new regulations, and relieving strain on overburdened stormwater infrastructure.
Beneficial reuses include blending with other water supplies for groundwater recharge, redirecting it into constructed wetlands or landscaping, and diverting it to a treatment facility for subsequent reuse. Fairfield is not currently using stormwater as a supply source but could consider this in the future.
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4.5 Transfers, Exchanges, and Groundwater Banking
Programs (CWC Section 10631(b) & (c))
The City of Fairfield has participated in a variety of water transfers and exchanges over the years. These have included permanent water transfers and single-year exchanges. In 2009, the City purchased 2,000 AF of Solano Project water from the Solano Irrigation District. In 2011, the City purchased 145 AF from Reclamation District 2068 as part of a conjunctive use pilot project.
In 2018 and 2020, the City participated in water exchanges with the City of Vallejo to optimize the supplies of both Cities, and the option to conduct this type of exchange is available most years. Also in 2018, the City exchanged some SWP water with the Santa Clara Valley Water District. The City has participated in a total of 4,000 AF in sales over the past five years to Westlands Water District, specifically, 2,000 AF were sold in 2024 and again in 2025. Finally, the State Department of Water Resources and SCWA have agreed to a SWP Water Supply Agreement Amendment that will allow for greater flexibility to enter into exchanges and/or short- term water purchases/sales of SWP supplies with other SWP contractors. Fairfield will look to participate in these exchanges and sales when appropriate in the future.
4.6 Embedded Energy Current Supply Portfolio
Water energy intensity is the amount of energy, calculated on a whole-system basis, required for use of water in a specific location, such as Fairfield’s Water service area. DWR provides guidance for calculating the operational energy intensity of water, defined as the total amount of energy expended by the urban water supplier on a per AF basis to take water from the location where the urban water supplier acquires the water to its point of delivery. DWR requires that urban water suppliers only report the energy intensity associated with water management processes occurring within their operational control and not include energy embedded in water supplies purchased from a wholesale water agency. Table 4-2 below provides an estimate, using the Water Supply Process approach, of the water energy intensity of Fairfield’s potable water system.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 4-4 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 4-2: DWR: City of Fairfield Energy Intensity – Potable Water Supply Process Approach
Water Delivery
Product
Retail
Potable
Deliveries
Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier’s Operational Control
Start Date of
Reporting Period Jan-1 2024
Water Management Process
End Date of
Reporting Period
Dec-31
2024
Is upstream
embedded energy
included in values
reported?
No
Units for
Water
Volume
Extract
and
Divert
Place
into
Storage
Conveyance Treatment Distribution Total
Utility
Volume of Water
Entering Process MG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,840 5,840
Energy Consumed
(kWh) N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,198,760 9,198,760
Energy Intensity
(kWh/MG) N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,575 1,575
Notes:
Volumes are reported in MG. Total energy input includes energy from potable water distribution from the City’s two treatment pants (NBR and Waterman) and treatment costs at pump stations that cannot be separated. Energy totals correspond to electricity supplied by PG&E as well as solar energy generated at NBR Treatment Plant. The total volume of water entering the distribution system is based on the data in the Districts’ CY2024 Water Loss Audits – Volume of Water Supplied. This includes total authorized consumption as well as losses.
4.7 Water Quality (CWC Section 10634)
The City of Fairfield participates in annual reporting of water quality through its Annual Water Quality Report (also known as the Consumer Confidence Report). Fairfield is committed to providing high quality drinking water to its consumers, as it continues to exceed State and Federal drinking water standards set by the California Division of Drinking Water and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Both the Solano Project and SWP are very high-quality water supplies.
Triennially, the City of Fairfield collects samples at consumer taps to identify levels of lead in drinking water that may result from corrosion of lead-bearing components in the water system’s distribution system or in household plumbing. These samples help assess the need for, or the effectiveness of, corrosion control treatment. Compliance was met with the latest round of testing in 2023 – lead was not detected within 90% of samples collected. The next round of testing will commence in 2026.
The following table lists some of the key drinking water contaminants detected in the period January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 4-5 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 4-3: Fairfield Drinking Water Quality
Substance (Reporting Units) MCL MCLG Drinking Water Detection Range Average
Aluminum (ppm) 1 0.6 ND - 0.23 ND
Fluoride (ppm) 2 1 0.60 - 0.80 0.71
Chloride(ppm) 500 NA 8.6 - 10 10
Sulfate (ppm) 500 NA 36 - 50 45
Total Hardness (ppm) NA NA 76 - 239 157
Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) 1000 NA 180 - 250 226
Turbidity (Units) 5 NA 0.041 - 0.59 0.11
Trihalomethanes (ppb) 80 NA 19.0 - 79.0 58
Halo Acetic Acids (ppb) 60 NA 4.7 - 26.0 18
E. coli 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
As observed from these values, all of the contaminants are well within the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), and in some cases, within the Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs). Thus, Fairfield ensures the highest quality of water supply to its customers and will continue to do so.
The State Law requires water utilities to conduct initial Source Water Assessments and Watershed Sanitary Surveys at least once every five years for the purpose of investigating potential contaminating activities, which may affect the source water(s). The assessment findings listed below do not necessarily mean that the source waters are affected by those activities at this time but do highlight areas of potential concern and assist in developing necessary measures to protect the drinking water sources.
Lake Berryessa: A Source Water Assessment, completed in 2017, shows that the most significant potential sources of contamination are illegal activities/unauthorized dumping, herbicide application, storm drain discharge points, and recreational use. The most recent sanitary survey was completed in 2022.
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: A Source Water Assessment, completed in 2016, shows that the most significant potential sources of contamination are recreational use, urban and agricultural runoff, grazing animals, herbicide application, and seawater intrusion. The most recent sanitary survey was completed in 2022.
4.8 Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs (CWC
Section 10631(b)(3) & 10631(f))
The City is not pursuing any future water supply projects to provide a quantifiable increase to the agency’s water supply as shown in Table 4-4. Efforts to improve supply and conservation efforts over the last several years have proved to be successful in offsetting the need for expansive water supply projects in the service area. The City follows and evaluates the development of water supply projects in Northern California in order to assess the benefits of potential additional supply.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 4-6 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 4-4: DWR Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Table 6-7)
Water Code Section 10631(f)
X
Check the box if there are no expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply. (Supplier will not complete the table below)
Check the box if some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described in a narrative format.
Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP
Name of
Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project
with other
suppliers?
If Yes,
Supplier
Name
Additional
Description
(as needed)
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned
for Use in
Year Type
Expected
Increase in
Water Supply to
Supplier
The City does not have plans to construct any desalination facilities for ocean water, brackish surface water, and/or brackish groundwater. The City is currently capable of utilizing existing sources of supply without the need for energy intensive desalination. However, the City continuously evaluates the potential of different water sources, including local groundwater desalination or a transfer/purchase from existing or future desalination projects. Economic and hydrological conditions can change significantly over time, which can affect not only the price to purchase water, but also the need to treat water to changing standards. As such, the City will continue to evaluate the benefits and costs of desalinated water.
4.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water
Table 4-5 shows the actual 2025 volumes of the two sources of water that Fairfield delivers to its customers. Table 4-6 shows the City’s projected water supplies through 2050.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 4-7 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 4-5: DWR Retail: Water Supplies – Actual (DWR Table 6-8) Water Code Section 10631(b)
Water Supply
Additional
Description ( as
needed )
202 5
Potable or Non-
Potable
Actual
Volume
(MG)
Total Entitlement
(MG)
Surface Water (Not
Desalinated)
SCWA – DWR SWP
and Non-SWP
Settlement Water
Potable 2,367 4,783
Surface Water (Not
Desalinated)
SCWA – USBR
Solano Project Potable 1,731 8,868
Subtotal Potable 4,098 13,651
Subtotal Non -Potable 0.0 0.0
Total 4,098 13,651
Notes:
USBR = U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
SWP and Non-SWP Settlement Water are delivered through a single NBA pipeline; Actual volumes of each type are calculated for billing purposes at the end of each year. The volumes of SWP water and Solano Project water supplied to the City of Fairfield were determined using production volumes from the NBR treatment plant, which treats water from both sources, and total production (from the total volume reported in DWR Table 4-1) to estimate output from the Waterman treatment plant, which treats water from the Solano Project only. NBR production volumes estimated by source and total production volumes (sum of authorized consumption and water losses) were provided by the City of Fairfield.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 4-8 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 4-6: DWR Retail: Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Table 6-9) Water Code Section 10631 (b)
Water
Supply
Additional
Detail on
Water
Supply
Potable
or Non-
Potable
Projected Water Supply
(Report to the Extent Practicable)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitle-
ment
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitle-
ment
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitle-
ment
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitle-
ment
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitle-
ment
(MG)
Surface
Water
(Not
Desalina-
ted)
SCWA -
DWR
State
Water
Project
Potable 3,443 4,783 3,443 4,783 3,443 4,783 3,443 4 ,783 3,443 4,783 Surface
Water
(Not
Desalina-
ted)
SCWA -
USBR
Solano
Project
Potable 8,808 8,868 8,808 8,868 8,808 8,868 8,808 8 ,868 8,808 8,868 Surface
Water
(Not
Desalina-
ted)
Non-SWP
Settlement
Water
Potable 2,768 3,845 2,768 3,845 2,768 3,845 2,768 3 ,845 2,768 3,845 Subtotal Potable 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 Subtotal Non -Potable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 15,020 17,496 Notes:
Reasonably Available Volumes correspond to average years supplies for all the sources. Total Entitlement is contract allocation.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 5-1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Section 5: Recycled Water and Reuse
5.1 Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal
Wastewater from the Fairfield-Suisun area is treated at the Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District (FSSD). FSSD serves more than 135,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers in central Solano County, about 40 miles northeast of San Francisco. FSSD owns and operates a system of sanitary sewers and pumping stations; and oversees wastewater collection and treatment, water recycling and stormwater management services. It is responsible for collecting wastewater from City of Fairfield, City of Suisun, Travis Air Force Base, and some unincorporated areas. The wastewater volumes collected within the City of Fairfield service area are summarized below in Table 5-1; no wastewater is treated or discharged within the City of Fairfield as noted in Table 5-2.
Table 5-1: DWR Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-2) Water Code Section 10633(a)
Check the box if there is no wastewater collection system. 100% Percentage of 2025 service area served by wastewater collection system 100% Percentage of 2025 service area population served b y wastewater collection system Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of
Wastewater
Collection
Agency
Wastewater
Volume
Metered or
Estimated?
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected
from UWMP
Service Area
202 5
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP)
and Place ID Number
Is WWTP Located Within
UWMP Area?
Fairfield-
Suisun
Sewer
District
(FSSD)
Metered 4,408
Fairfield-Suisun Sewer
District Subregional
WWTP, Place ID 225526
No
Total Wastewater
Received from UWMP
Service Area in 202 5:
4,408
Notes:
Volumes reported in MG. Reported values include most of Fairfield’s service area (excluding some areas that flow to the City of Suisun's collection system), as well as several unincorporated areas from the County. Approximately 87% of the total wastewater received by the FSSD is from the UWMP service area and the value reported above is for the Fairfield service area.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 5-2 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 5-2: DWR Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area (DWR Table 6-3) Water Code Section 10633 (b)
X Check the box if no wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area. (Supplier will not complete the table below)
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant Name
and Place ID
Number
Does This
Plant Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
UWMP
Service
Area?
(Optional )
2025
Volume of
Wastewater
Received
from UWMP
Service
Area (As
Reported in
DWR Table
6-2) (MG)
Total
2025
Volume
of
Water
Treated
(MG)
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Water Recycled
Within UWMP
Service Area
Water Recycled
Outside of
UWMP Service
Area
Effluent
Discharge that
is not a
Permitted
Recycled Water
Use
Required
Discharge for
Instream Flow
Delivered to Another
Entity for Additional
Treatment
Treat-
ment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Treat-
ment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Treat-
ment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Treat-
ment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Treat-
ment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Name
of
other
entity
Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 5-3 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx
5.2 Recycled Water Planning
Recycled water is not currently used within the City, but a limited potential future use could occur at the far end of the planning horizon; Fairfield’s potable water supplies are able to meet demands for the foreseeable future. Recycled water could be developed by providing tertiary treatment to FSSD effluent for non-potable uses. This would displace the potable uses with non- potable supply within the area served by recycled water distribution facilities. Wastewater from the Fairfield-Suisun area is treated at the FSSD Wastewater Treatment Plant.
5.2.1 Other Methods to Expand Recycled Water
Due to requirements for discharge to the environmentally sensitive Suisun Marsh, FSSD has produced tertiary effluent since the 1970s. In 2002, Fairfield entered an agreement with FSSD and Solano Irrigation District that provided the City with up to 12 MGD of effluent for a recycled water supply. FSSD presently provides some recycled water to sites near the FSSD plant site for irrigation and industrial uses. However, this arrangement became cost-prohibitive since it required distribution facilities (such as purple pipes and pump stations) to be constructed to serve additional non-potable sites. Moreover, the marginal cost of installing an extra pipeline to divert water from the Suisun March discharge is high and would necessitate a California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) report to justify taking water out of the marsh. There is an environmental benefit from this discharge at present as the marsh is a habitat for several wildlife species.
Thus, the cost benefit analysis for recycled water delivery showed that the costs outweighed the benefits. As a result, the City has no plans to advance recycled water planning forward in the near term. Long term planning and use of recycled water is a viable alternative and will be triggered by trends, availability of other sources of supply and a beneficial cost-benefit analysis.
5.2.2 Projected Recycled Water Demand
Table 5-3 documents the potential future recycled water uses in Fairfield while Table 5-4 documents the 2020 estimated recycled water use to the actual 2025 use.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 5-4 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 5-3: DWR Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-4) Water Code Section 10633 (c),(d),(e)
Check box if recycled water is not used and is not planned for use within the service area of the supplier. The supplier will only complete the column on “Potential Recycled Water Use” and submit an accompanying narrative on the feasibility of that potential recycled water use.
Name(s) of Facility/ies Producing (treating) the Recycled Water (OPTIONAL): Fairfield -Suisun Sewer District Name of Supplier Operating the Recycled Water Distribution System (OPTIONAL): Fairfield -Suisun Sewer District Volume of Supplemental Water Added in 2025 (OPTIONAL):
Source of 2025 Supplemental Water (Optional):
Use Type
Potable or Non-
Potable (after
treatment if treated)
Additional Information
(as needed)
2025
(MG)
2030
(MG)
2035
(MG)
2040
(MG)
2045
(MG)
2050
(MG)
Potential Recycled Water
Use
Volume
Narrative
Page
Number
(OPTIONAL)
Agricultural
irrigation
Landscape
irrigation (exc golf
courses)
Non-Potable
Landscape served by
reclaimed water
coming from FSSD
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64 5-3
Golf course
irrigation
Commercial use
Industrial use Non-Potable Solano Business
Center 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64 5-3
Geothermal and
other energy
production
Seawater
intrusion barrier
Recreational
impoundment
Wetlands or
wildlife habitat
Groundwater
recharge (IPR)
Reservoir water
augmentation
(IPR)
Direct potable
reuse
Other (Description
Required)
Subtotal Potable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Subtotal Non -Potable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128 Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 5-5 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 5-4: DWR Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual (DWR Table 6-5)
Water Code Section 10633(e)
X
Check the box if recycled water was not used in 2025 nor previously projected for use in 2020.
(The Supplier will not complete the table below)
Use Type 2020 Projection for 2025
(MG)
2025 Actual Use
(MG)
Agricultural irrigation
Landscape irrigation (excludes golf courses)
Golf course irrigation
Commercial use
Industrial use
Geothermal and other energy production
Seawater intrusion barrier
Recreational impoundment
Wetlands or wildlife habitat
Groundwater recharge (IPR)
Surface water augmentation (IPR)
Direct potable reuse
Other
Total 0.0 0.0
5.2.3 Methods to Encourage Recycled Water Use
As noted earlier, Fairfield is not able to cost-effectively add recycled water use at this time but is anticipating recycled water use in the future. Planned recycled water use is summarized in Table 5-5.
Table 5-5: DWR Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Table 6- 6)
Water Code Section 10633(f)
X
Check the box if the Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use in the future. Supplier will not complete the table below but will provide narrative explanation.
Section 5.2,
Name of Action Description
Planned
Implementation
Year
Expected
Increase in
Recycled
Water Use
(MG)
Total (MG) 0.0
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Section 6: Reliability Planning
6.1 Overview
The water supply reliability values for the City of Fairfield are affected dramatically by the storage facilities available to the City (the ability to carryover supplies from both the SWP and Solano Project supplies). Long term storage allows the City to manage both single-dry year and multiple-dry year values in water planning priorities. With current available storage, there is no single-dry year event that overshadows the impact of multiple-dry year events, whereas some utilities must weight their planning toward driest year events.
State Water Project
The City of Fairfield receives water from the SWP under two separate arrangements.
First, there is a contractual arrangement as an original contractor with the State of California.
This water entitlement, also known as Table A, is similar in reliability to all other agencies in the project agreement, subject to reductions based on the anticipated deliveries from the project as a whole.
A second portion of water received from the SWP is DWR Non-SWP Settlement Agreement water which is based on Watershed of Origin entitlement and is comprised of both North of Delta Allocation and Advanced Table A; both of which are available under specific conditions.
This water has a higher level of reliability. In the tables prepared for submission to DWR, the sources will be blended. Facilities will need to be improved to allow the full use of this water source. Information on the reliability of SWP supply comes from the SWP draft 2025 Delivery Capability Report.
In order to categorize the water year type into dry and normal years, the Sacramento Valley Water Year Index, also known as the 40/30/30 index was used. The Sacramento Valley Index uses 40% of April through July runoff, 30% of October through March runoff and 30% of the previous year’s index. The Sacramento Valley Index is used to determine water year types in State Water Resources Control Board Decision 1641. A Sacramento Valley Index has been assigned to each of the years for which there are hydrologic records.
Note that the SWP also makes Article 21 water accessible to SWP contractors under specified conditions when the Delta is in excess conditions and there is pumping capacity available.
Fairfield receives its water from the NBA. Current DWR policy is that Article 21 water is available whenever the Delta is in excess (out of balance) conditions. This makes Article 21 water available to NBA users more frequently than SWP contractors relying upon the Banks pumping plant (South Delta SWP export facility). For the purposes of this UWMP, Article 21 deliveries are not included although they can be a significant additional supply most years.
There are numerous factors that affect the reliability of SWP supplies. The main factor is hydrologic conditions that result in extremely variable runoff conditions. The SWP has storage from Oroville Reservoir, however most of the SWP water supply comes from Sacramento Valley runoff. There are a myriad of environmental, water quality and legal constraints on the SWP that
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-2 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx affect water supply reliability. The water rights for the SWP are conditioned upon meeting various water quality and environmental conditions including the Federal Endangered Species Act. The models used to develop the SWP reliability data incorporate these constraints. Table 6-1 contains conservative supply assumptions for the SWP based on information provided by SCWA.
Table 6-1: DWR Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) – State Water Project (DWR Table 7-1(a))
(a)
Year Type
Base Year
If not using a calendar
year, type in the last year
of the fiscal, water year,
or range of years, for
example, water year
2024-2025, use 2025
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Check the box if quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with this table and
is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.
Location _______________________
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
Volume Available (MG) % of Average Supply
Average Year 2002 (b) 3,922 100%
Single-Dry Year 2014 & 2021 239 6%
Consecutive Dry
Years 1st Year (c) 2013 2,152 55%
Consecutive Dry
Years 2nd Year
(c) 2015 & 2020 1,435 37%
Consecutive Dry
Years 3rd Year
(c) 2014 & 2021 239 6%
Consecutive Dry
Years 4th Year
(c) 2014 & 2021 717 18%
Consecutive Dry
Years 5th Year
(c) 2015 & 2020 1,435 37%
Notes:
(a) Fairfield has two sources - 1) SCWA - State Water Project and Non-SWP Settlement Water and 2) SCWA – USBR Solano Project. This table outlines base years and volumes for SWP water from source 1. (b) % average supply is long-term SWP average for SCWA of 73% from draft 2025 Delivery Capability Report with assumed 10% adjustment for NOD allocation; 2002 is year with % delivery of 70% which is closest to long-term SWP Table A delivery of 73%
(c) 5 consecutive dry years were selected from actual SWP Table A deliveries from 2010-2020; all years but year 3 include 10% to account for NOD allocation
Table 6-2 presents the assumed availability of non-SWP Settlement Water supply for the average year, single-dry year, and a multiple-dry year period.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-3 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 6-2: DWR Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) – Non-SWP Settlement Water (DWR Table 7-1(c)) (a)
Year Type
Base Year
If not using a calendar
year, type in the last year
of the fiscal, water year,
or range of years, for
example, water year
2024-2025, use 2025
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Quantification of available supplies is not
compatible with this table and is provided
elsewhere in the UWMP.
Location _______________________
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
Volume Available (MG) % of Average Supply
Average Year 2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Single-Dry Year 2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Consecutive Dry
Years 1st Year 2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Consecutive Dry
Years 2nd Year 2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Consecutive Dry
Years 3rd Year
2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Consecutive Dry
Years 4th Year
2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Consecutive Dry
Years 5th Year
2002 (b) 2,768 100%
Notes:
(a) Fairfield has two sources - 1) SCWA - State Water Project and Non-SWP Settlement Water and 2) SCWA – USBR Solano Project. This table outlines base years and volumes for Non-SWP settlement water from source 1. (b) % average supply is long-term SWP average for SCWA of 73% from draft 2025 Delivery Capability Report which includes a range of year types; 2002 is year with % delivery of 70% which is closest to long-term SWP Table A delivery of 73%.
Solano Project
For the Solano Project, a similar year type index was developed based upon procedures similar to the Sacramento Valley index. An existing model exists for the Solano Project that uses hydrologic records from 1906 through 2007. Using similar assumptions as the Sacramento Valley 40/30/30 Index, year types were assigned to each of the years in the Solano Project model resulting in a Lake Berryessa Index that identifies wet, normal and dry years.
The Allocation process for water supplies from the Solano Project is very different than for the SWP. For the Solano Project, the contract with USBR calls for the full contract amount to be delivered unless it is physically impossible to deliver the water from Solano Project storage (i.e. reservoir is dry). Therefore, the full contract water supply is allocated until there is no water available in the reservoir.
The Solano Project member agencies (including the City of Fairfield) have entered into a separate “Solano Project Members’ Agreement as to Drought Measures and Water Allocation” (the Drought Measures Agreement) in 1999. Per the Drought Measures Agreement, deliveries of Solano Project water are reduced based upon storage levels in Lake Berryessa. Once the storage level drops below 800,000 AF, as measured on April 1, 95% of contract amounts are delivered (i.e. 5% curtailment of supplies) with the 5% being stored in the reservoir as carryover.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-4 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx If the reservoir drops below 550,000 AF by April 1, 90% can be delivered (i.e. 10% curtailment of supplies) and the 10% is stored as carryover. The City of Fairfield has the ability to carryover more than this amount if desired. Once the reservoir level is below 450,000 AF on April 1, the member agencies can use their full allocation and any stored carryover. Table 6-3 presents the assumed availability of Solano Project supply for the average year, single-dry year, and a multiple-dry year period. For more information see the Drought Measures Agreement.
Table 6-3: DWR Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) – Solano Project (DWR Table 7-1(b)) (a)
Year Type
Base Year
If not using a calendar
year, type in the last year
of the fiscal, water year,
or range of years, for
example, water year
2025-2025, use 2025
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Check the box if quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with this table and
is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.
Location _______________________
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
Volume Available (MG) (b) % of Average Supply
Average Year (c) 2024 8,808 100%
Single-Dry Year (c) 2018 8,761 99%
Consecutive Dry
Years 1st Year (c) 1987 8,100 92%
Consecutive Dry
Years 2nd Year (c) 1988 8,100 92%
Consecutive Dry
Years 3rd Year (c)
1989 8,100 92%
Consecutive Dry
Years 4th Year (c)
1990 8,100 92%
Consecutive Dry
Years 5th Year (c)
- 8,100 92%
Notes:
(a) Fairfield has two sources - 1) SCWA - State Water Project and Non-SWP Settlement Water and 2) SCWA – USBR Solano Project. This table outlines base years and volumes for source 2. (b) Includes total Solano Project contractual entitlement as well as additional deliveries via SID agreements. (c) % of Average Supply based on hydrologic analysis from 1906-2025; Base Year selected from period of record and Actual % for a given year is greater than % of Average Supply
2014 and 2020/2021 SWP Water Supply Allocation
The extremely dry sequence from the beginning of January 2013 through the end of 2014 was one of the driest two-year periods in the historical record while 2021 is the second consecutive dry year. Water year 2013 was a year with two hydrologic extremes. October through December 2012 was one of the wettest fall periods on record but was followed by the driest consecutive 12 months on record. Accordingly, the 2013 SWP supply allocation was a low 35% of SWP Table A Amounts. The 2013 hydrology ended up being even drier than DWR’s conservative hydrologic forecast, so the SWP began 2014 with reservoir storage lower than targeted levels and less stored water available for 2014 supplies. Compounding this low storage situation, 2014 also was an extremely dry year, with runoff for water year 2014 the fourth driest on record. Due to extraordinarily dry conditions in 2013 and 2014, the 2014 SWP water supply allocation was a historically low 5% of Table A Amounts. The 2020 SWP allocation was initially 10% and
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-5 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx increased to 20% while the 2021 SWP allocation was reduced from 10% to 5%. The dry hydrologic conditions that led to the low 2014 SWP water supply allocation were extremely unusual, and were included in the SWP delivery estimates presented in DWR’s draft 2025 Delivery Capability Report which predicted a long-term average availability of 73% for SCWA which has been increased by 10% to account for the North of Delta allocation component of the Settlement Water. It is anticipated that the hydrologic record used in the DWR model will be extended to include the period through 2021 during the next update of the model for the biennial SWP Delivery Capability Report.
6.2 Normal Water Year
The Urban Water Management Planning Act requires analysis of reliability for each of the sources of water supply. Table 6-1, Table 6-2, and Table 6-3 summarize the reliability of supply for each source. The reliability is broken down into “Average Year”, “Single-Dry Year” and a 5- year dry period.
Comparison of the projected normal water supply to the projected normal water use over the next 25 years in 5-year increments is shown in Table 6-4 below.
Table 6-4: DWR Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (DWR Table 7-2) Water Code Section 10635 (a)
20 30 (MG) 203 5 (MG) 20 40 (MG) 204 5 (MG) 20 50 (MG) Supply totals
(autofill from DWR Table 6 -9) 15,020 15,020 15,020 15,020 15,020 Use totals
(autofill from DWR Table 4 -2) 9,081 9,575 10,070 10,566 11,063 Surplus/(shortfall) 5,939 5,445 4,950 4,454 3,9 57
6.3 Single-Dry Year
Comparison of the projected single-dry year water supply to the projected single-dry year water use over the next 25 years, in 5-year increments is shown in Table 6-5 below.
Table 6-5: DWR Retail: Single-Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (DWR Table 7-3) Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 (MG) 2035 (MG) 2040 (MG) 2045 (MG) 2050 (MG)
Supply totals 11,769 11,769 11,769 11,769 11,769
Use totals 9,081 9,575 10,070 10,566 11,063
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,688 2,193 1,698 1,202 705
6.4 Multiple-Dry Year (5 years)
Comparison of the projected multiple-dry year water supplies to the projected multiple-dry year water use over the next 25 years, in 5-year increments is shown in Table 6-6 below.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-6 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 6-6: DWR Retail: Multiple-Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (DWR Table 7-4) Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 (MG) 2035 (MG) 2040 (MG) 2045
(MG)
2050
(MG)
First
year
Supply totals 13,020 13,020 13,020 13,020 13,020
Use totals 9,081 9,575 10,070 10,566 11,063
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,939 3,445 2,950 2,454 1,957
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP – supply augmentation benefit - - - - -
WSCP – use reduction savings benefit - - - - -
Revised Surplus/(Shortfall) 3,939 3,445 2,950 2,454 1,957 Second
year
Supply totals 12,303 12,303 12,303 12,303 12,303
Use totals 9,180 9,674 10,170 10,666 11,049
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,123 2,628 2,133 1,637 1,254
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP – supply augmentation benefit - - - - -
WSCP – use reduction savings benefit - - - - -
Revised Surplus/(Shortfall) 3,123 2,628 2,133 1,637 1,254 Third
year
Supply totals 11,107 11,107 11,107 11,107 11,107
Use totals 9,279 9,773 10,269 10,765 11,144
Surplus/(shortfall) 1,828 1,334 838 342 (36)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP – supply augmentation benefit - - - - -
WSCP – use reduction savings benefit - - - - 223 (a)
Revised Surplus/(Shortfall) 1,828 1,334 838 342 186
Fourth
year
Supply totals 11,585 11,585 11,585 11,585 11,585
Use totals 9,378 9,872 10,368 10,865 11,239
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,208 1,713 1,217 721 347
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP – supply augmentation benefit - - - - -
WSCP – use reduction savings benefit - - - - -
Revised Surplus/(Shortfall) 2,208 1,713 1,217 721 347
Fifth
year
Supply totals 12,303 12,303 12,303 12,303 12,303
Use totals 9,476 9,971 10,467 10,964 11,333
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,826 2,331 1,836 1,339 969
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP – supply augmentation benefit - - - - -
WSCP – use reduction savings benefit - - - - -
Revised Surplus/(Shortfall) 2,826 2,331 1,836 1,339 969 Notes:
(a) Assumes a 2% shortage gap reduction action, see Table 5-5 in the WSCP for demand reduction actions that result in a 2% shortage gap reduction.
6.5 Drought Risk Assessment (CWC Section 10635(b) & (1)) The Water Code requires that every urban water supplier include in its UWMP a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers. This is to benefit and inform the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the UWMP.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-7 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Table 6-7 provides the expected total water use for the next five years and the anticipated dry- year supplies and is intended to identify whether the WSCP will need to be implemented in the next five years. The data and methodologies used to develop the projections in Table 6-7 are summarized in Section 6.5.1.
Table 6-7: DWR Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables (DWR Table 7-5) Water Code Section 10635 (b)(3)
202 6 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 6,636
Total Supplies (MG) 13,020
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 6,384
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augm entation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 6,384
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
202 7 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 7,241
Total Supplies (MG) 12,303
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 5,062
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augm entation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 5,062
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
2028 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 7,662
Total Supplies (MG) 11,107
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 3,445
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augm entation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 3,445
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
2029 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 8,359
Total Supplies (MG) 11,585
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 3,226
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augm entation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 3,226
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
2030 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 9,057
Total Supplies (MG) 12,303
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 3,246
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augm entation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-8 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 3,246
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
Notes:
Volumes reported in MG.
Allocation of supplies is based on the following assumptions:
2026: SWP Table A - 45%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2027: SWP Table A - 30%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2028: SWP Table A - 5%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2029: SWP Table A - 15%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2030: SWP Table A - 30%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72%
All of the standardized tables required by DWR for UWMP are provided in Appendix H.
6.5.1 Data and Methodologies Used
6.5.1.1 Water Demands
As described in Section 2.3.6, the projected water demands were estimated by linearly interpolating between the 2030 and 2050 water demands projected in the City’s 2025 Public Utility Master Plan. The water demand projections developed in the 2025 Public Utility Master Plan added current baseline water demands to land-use-based projected water demands.
Following the linear interpolation between the 2030 and 2050 projected demands, the total projected water demands were itemized using historic water consumption data. Adjustments to the industrial use type were made to account for the full Anheuser-Busch yearly contract allocation.
For the 2021 to 2025 period, total demands were linearly interpolated based on 2025 actual demands and 2023 projected demands.
6.5.1.2 Water Supplies
The Drought Risk Assessment looks at all water supplies anticipated to be available in 2021 through 2025, including any limitations due to infrastructure, regulations, and assuming drought condition and aligns with supply reliability for consecutive dry years shown in Table 6-1, Table 6-2, and Table 6-3.
6.5.1.2.1 State Water Project
The City of Fairfield receives water from SWP through SCWA under two separate arrangements:
First, there is a contractual arrangement as an original contractor with the State of California.
This water entitlement, also known as Table A, is similar in reliability to all other agencies in the SWP agreement, subject to reductions based on the anticipated deliveries from the project as a whole. Fairfield has a SWP Table A Allocation of 14,678 acre-feet and is also entitled to North of Delta allocation and Advanced Table A under a 2013 Settlement between SCWA and DWR.
The drought risk assessment assumes 45% SWP deliveries in 2026, followed by 30% in 2027, 5% in 2028, 15% in 2029 and 30% in 2030 (based on projected multi-year drought SWP supply).
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 6-9 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx A second portion of water received via SWP facilities is from a DWR 2003 Non-SWP Settlement Agreement water which is based on Watershed of Origin entitlement. Fairfield has up to 11,800 acre-feet of non SWP Settlement Water which has a high level of reliability estimated by SCWA to be 72%, similar to long-term Table A reliability. The drought risk assessment assumes 72% deliveries from Settlement Water from 2026 to 2030.
6.5.1.2.2 Solano Project
For the Solano Project, the contract with USBR calls for the full contract amount to be delivered unless it is physically impossible to deliver the water from Solano Project storage (i.e. reservoir is dry). Therefore, the full contract water supply is allocated until there is no water available in the reservoir.
The Solano Project member agencies (including the City of Fairfield) have entered into a separate agreement to reduce deliveries based upon storage levels in Lake Berryessa. Once the storage level drops below 800,000 acre feet, as measured on April 1, 95% of contract amounts are delivered with 5% being stored in the reservoir as carryover. If the reservoir drops below 550,000 acre feet by April 1, 90% can be delivered and 10% is stored as carryover. The City of Fairfield has the ability to carryover more than this amount if desired. Once the reservoir level is below 400,000 acre feet on April 1, the member agencies can use their full allocation and any stored carryover. For the purpose of the drought risk assessment, average year deliveries for the Solano Project (i.e. 91.3% of total allocation) are assumed.
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7.1 Summary of Demand Management Measures
The purpose of the Demand Management Measures (DMM) section of this UWMP is to (a) provide a description of the past water conservation programs that Fairfield has implemented to meet its urban water use reduction targets and (b) describe the activities and actions Fairfield plans to use in the future to meet its urban water use reduction targets. For the purposes of this UWMP, the DMMs are categorized as “Foundational”, “Programmatic”, and “Other”.
Foundational DMMs, listed below, are those DMMs that the Urban Water Management Planning Act and Water Code specifically mention:
a. Water waste prevention ordinances
b. Metering
c. Conservation pricing
d. Public education and outreach
e. Programs to assess and manage distribution syste m real loss f. Water conservation program coordination and staf fing support “Programmatic” DMMs refer to incentive and rebate programs run by the City of Fairfield.
Activities outside of the Foundational DMMs and Programmatic DMMs that encourage less water use in the City service area fall in the “Other DMM” category.
This chapter discusses the DMMs that Fairfield undertakes as part of normal business.
However, given the frequency of droughts, this chapter also describes those measures that were undertaken specifically to address dry conditions.
7.2 Demand Management
7.2.1 Water Waste Prohibition
A water waste ordinance explicitly states that the waste of water is to be prohibited. The ordinance prohibits specific actions that waste water, such as excessive runoff from landscape irrigation, and use of a hose outdoors without a shut off nozzle.
Fairfield’s water waste prevention ordinance is in place at all times and is not dependent upon a water shortage for implementation. However, the water waste ordinance includes increasingly restrictive prohibitions that are implemented in response to shortages.
The 2025 WSCP utilizes DWRs six shortage stages to align with their guidelines. Residential and commercial watering restrictions have become increasingly strict. In July of 2022, the City of Fairfield was required to implement a Stage II Drought Condition of 25% reduction in response to the State Water Resources Control Board’s Emergency Regulation for Statewide
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-2 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Urban Water Conservation. While the State mandated this action, Fairfield did not experience any water supply issues during this period and continued to meet customer demands without interruption. To support ongoing water ‑use efficiency, the City increased its focus on public education regarding the importance of water conservation. Outreach efforts included increased media messaging, utility bill inserts, and direct engagement with customers regarding water ‑use practices at community events. During this time, the City also evaluated staffing needs and hired a Utility Compliance Coordinator to enhance public education, address water waste, and expand water conservation outreach.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: Fairfield’s current Water Waste Prohibition ordinance is based on available water supplies, correlated to Stage I – IV water storage levels at Lake Berryessa. Fairfield considers its customer water use prohibitions to be effective and a solid safeguard towards protecting water supplies in the event of drought or catastrophe. The effectiveness of the ordinance is measured by analyzing the amount of production and water usage during a Stage I Minimum Condition compared to a Stage II Drought Condition.
Estimated Water Savings: While it may be possible to quantify the water savings related to the prohibitions listed above, assumptions must be made as to the performance of the equipment and the amount of equipment and fixtures that are affected.
7.2.2 Metering
Fairfield has been fully metered for decades and have installed Automatic Meter Read (AMR) drive-by meters and read each location monthly. This provides an enormously useful improvement over trend accuracy than prior (pre-July 2014) bi-monthly billing. The City is currently in the process of upgrading to a full Automatic Meter Infrastructure (AMI) system with meter upgrades, which involves connecting meters to a data transmission source. This system collects data every 5 minutes into a data logger and downloads the data once a day. This will help provide long term analytics to address system issues and will soon provide real-time tools to help customers save water and stop leaks within 24 hours.
7.2.3 Conservation Pricing
All accounts in Fairfield, including dedicated irrigation accounts, are charged by volume of consumption and fixed charges. At this time, Fairfield is not considering tiered pricing. The City’s water supply portfolio is reliable, and customer demand has remained manageable under the current volumetric and fixed ‑charge structure.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: Rates can be studied to see if they change customer water use patterns.
Estimated Water Savings: No method has been identified to determine water savings from conservation pricing at this time.
7.2.4 Public Education and Outreach
1) Public Information
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-3 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx As a member of the Solano Urban Water Conservation Committee (UWCC), Fairfield is involved in numerous public information activities. The lead agency for the UWCC is SCWA, which has promoted regional collaboration for public information outreach and other water conservation efforts.
Fairfield participates in various local media avenues to dispense up to date water conservation information. Press releases, newspaper articles, monthly social media outreach, radio announcements, city-hosted water conservation workshops, the City’s water conservation page (fairfield.ca.gov/conserve) and SCWA’s website (scwa2.com) are all components of the public information program. Events include booths at Fairfield’s Farmers Markets and the Tomato and Vine Festival, where water conservation tool kits and other water conservation items, such as hose timers, are distributed. Water conservation pamphlets and flyers are posted at City Hall counters. Fairfield’s Water Conservation Program also sends out quarterly water ‑saving postcards to the top seasonal water users. These customers are identified through a report generated prior to each mailing.
Marketing Strategy: The UWCC meets monthly to evaluate public information programs and to plan future water conservation activities. Announcements, flyers, newspaper ads, Facebook or website links have all been methods for marketing the program. Members of the UWCC often attend public events as exhibitors or participants and are able to assess the effectiveness of programs.
Tracking of Participation: The numbers of attendees at public events are a gauge for tracking participation. Radio listenership, newspaper circulation, and website hits are all reviewed to assess the program's success. Furthermore, the numbers of cards, brochures, and free conservation devices distributed are tabulated to determine public interest.
Planned Implementation Schedule and Budget: Fairfield will maintain the public information program with continual evaluation of the program's viability. SCWA will apply for grants on behalf of member agencies if possible.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: The popularity of public programs is a measurement of the effectiveness of the program.
Estimated Water Savings: Estimating water savings is difficult to quantify. The reduction in overall water use by Fairfield in 2015 is strongly attributed to public information efforts, both locally and at the state level.
2) School Education
Fairfield participates in a regional program, the School Water Education Program (SWEP), which retains an education consultant to administer water conservation education. The consultant coordinates K-12 programs regionally for Suisun City, Fairfield, Benicia, Vallejo, Dixon, Vacaville, and Travis Air Force Base. The consultant visits classrooms, provides in-class education, and trains educators. State-wide curriculum teaching standards are adhered to.
Activities include school assemblies, field trips, video contests, and public programs, such as Youth Ag Day. More information on the school educational program can be found on the Solano Resource Conservation District (RCD) website at http://www.solanorcd.org/resources/swep.html
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-4 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx The program is very successful and the education consultant has worked with the following schools located in the Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District, or with local students that attend nearby schools:
• Suisun Valley Elementary
• Green Valley Middle School
• Green Valley Elementary
• Tolenas Elementary
• Rodriquez High School
SWEP is currently working on expanding its program to middle and high school students.
Activities will be based on real-life water data and water-saving or waste scenarios. Through these lessons, students will learn the importance of water conservation and how to incorporate sustainable conservation practices into their daily routines.
Marketing Strategy: SWEP will continue to market the program by maintaining the solid relationships that the program has fostered with schools and educators, and reaching out to other educators.
Tracking of Participation: The number of students, educators, and schools are tracked to evaluate the success of programs.
Planned Implementation Schedule and Budget: Fairfield will continue is partnership with SWEP and collaborate with other regional efforts that focus on water conservation. Fairfield’s share of the SWEP budget is $8,640 per year.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: School response from educators is the greatest way to evaluate effectiveness. Comments from schools have been positive, with numerous invitations for the Education Consultant to return in subsequent school years and expand the program.
Estimated Water Savings: Considering the difficulty of placing a numerical value for water savings, the effectiveness of the program can be the gauge for the program's success.
7.2.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss
Consistent with Senate Bill 555, the City conducts an AWWA water loss audit each year and report water loss to DWR annually. In addition, the City works to reduce water loss by maintaining and replacing meters and pipelines when necessary.
For the January to December 2024 period, the City utilized the Water Audit Methodology (Appendix L of the Guidebook) to estimate both real and apparent water loss. Based on this recent audit, the City estimates that apparent losses (meter inaccuracies) account for approximately 2% of total water loss; real losses are estimated to be approximately 6% of production. The Water Loss Audit Reports for 2020-2024 are provided in Appendix E.
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7.2.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support
A Utility Compliance Coordinator was hired to significantly enhance and strengthen the City’s water conservation efforts. This position plays a central role in developing, implementing, and supporting the City’s conservation programs. Key responsibilities include maintaining and expanding the Fairfield water conservation webpage, creating and scheduling conservation messaging, promoting statewide and local campaigns, responding to and investigating water ‑waste reports, conducting outreach at community events, and developing educational materials. This position also supports compliance efforts, state reporting, assists with program data tracking, and works collaboratively with regional partners to ensure consistent conservation messaging. The water conservation program is staffed by one full ‑time Utility Compliance Coordinator and is overseen by the Water Division’s Senior Management Analyst.
Utility Compliance Coordinator
Public Works Department
5110 Waterworks Lane
Fairfield, CA 94533
Phone: (707) 437-5264
Senior Management Analyst
Public Works Department
5110 Waterworks Lane
Fairfield, CA 94533
Phone: (707) 437-5265
7.2.7 Other DMMs
The following efforts listed below are managed on a trial basis, enabling staff time to assess the effectiveness of the programs.
1) Water-Efficiency Landscape Rebate Program
The turf replacement program provides rebates to residential and commercial customers who replace turf with drought tolerant plants. Inspections are performed to ensure that applicants meet pre-project and post-project criteria. Turf must have been maintained before removal, and the renovated area must not include artificial turf products or non-permeable surfaces. Plantings must cover at least 50% of the project area when mature. Rebates are offered once per customer, on a first-come-first served basis, and subject to funding availability.
Marketing Strategy: Information about the program is posted on the Solano County Water Agency rebate page (scwa2.com/rebate) and on the Fairfield water conservation page (fairfield.ca.gov/conserve). Social media posts, mailers, printed flyers at City Hall, public events, and local community spaces, and articles have been published in local newspapers to further promote the program.
Estimated Water Savings: Water savings from the program can be calculated from pre- installation water demand compared to post-installation demand.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-6 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx 2) Waterfluence Partnership for Commercial Irrigati on Survey Program Fairfield has partnered with Waterfluence to provide a comprehensive water field survey program for free to its commercial customers. The surveys are conducted by a certified irrigation consultant and include an evaluation of water use and irrigation system performance, with recommendations given to improve irrigation efficiency. Participants are then able to access a portal to view the property irrigation zones and monitor their water budget. In addition, water conservation information and a field survey reports are distributed to property management.
Marketing Strategy: The program is marketed by identifying sites that may be over their estimated water budget, and sending direct communications promoting the program and informing customers of the scope of the surveys. Interested customers are reached by phone or email to schedule appointments or answer questions. Follow-up is made by mail or phone. Staff reviews the response rate and may re-send letters or consider expanding the mailing list.
A baseline has been developed to analyze annual participation, determine potential water savings, and evaluate the effectiveness of the program.
Estimated Water Savings: Water savings for this category is difficult to quantify. Fairfield could estimate conservation values by comparing pre-survey metering data with post-survey metering data but variables affect the savings calculations such as changes in weather patterns, behavioral changes due to the drought, and, and the property management willingness to implement the survey recommendations. The final audit reports, prepared by Waterfluence, also estimate potential water savings.
3) Residential Water Conservation Kit Program
The distribution of water-saving devices to residential homes occurs on a year-round basis. The program includes the distribution of kits containing indoor and outdoor water saving devices, each containing kitchen and bathroom faucet aerators, shower timer, moisture meter, hose shut-off nozzle, and a toilet leak detection dye tablet, all free-of charge. Each kit also comes with conservation tips, and information about available rebates.
Marketing Strategy: The conservation kits are available at City Hall, public events, and distributed as part of the residential water conservation program. 4) Residential Water-Conserving Products Rebate
Residential customers can receive rebates of up to $50 for each eligible water ‑saving product, or up to $250 for installing all five qualifying measures. These products are designed to help reduce indoor and outdoor water use through practical, effective conservation technologies.
Eligible products include:
• Hot Water Recirculating System Components: Provide s near-instant hot water at the tap, reducing the amount of water wasted while waiting for it to heat. • Laundry ‑to ‑Landscape Components: Redirects washing machine graywater for landscape irrigation, allowing customers to reuse water that would otherwise go down the drain.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-7 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx • Pool Cover: Helps prevent up to 95 percent of pool water evaporation, significantly reducing water loss and the need for refilling.
• Rain Barrel: Captures rainwater from rooftops for later use on lawns, gardens, and indoor plants.
• Rain Sensor: Automatically pauses scheduled irriga tion when rainfall is detected, preventing unnecessary watering.
Marketing Strategy: Information about the program is posted on the Solano County Water Agency rebate page (scwa2.com/rebate) and on the Fairfield water conservation page (fairfield.ca.gov/conserve). Social media posts, mailers, printed flyers at City Hall, public events, and local community spaces, and articles have been published in local newspapers to further promote the program.
Estimated Water Savings: Water savings from the program can be calculated from pre- installation water demand compared to post-installation demand. Given the variety of items that can be obtained through this rebate, calculating water savings can be difficult as it depends on its varied use.
5) High-efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Programs
A clothes washer rebate program is ongoing and has been popular program. Goals for the program include providing incentives for homeowners to replace older inefficient washers with models that use up to 70% less water and energy than conventional models. SCWA administers the program on behalf of its member agencies, and PG&E’s rebate program for energy conserving washers allows homeowners to benefit from a combination of rebates. When buying and installing a qualifying high-efficiency clothes washer, residents can receive a rebate of up to $100
Marketing Strategy: Information about the program is posted on the Solano County Water Agency rebate page (scwa2.com/rebate) and on the Fairfield water conservation page (fairfield.ca.gov/conserve). Social media posts, mailers, printed flyers at City Hall, public events, and local community spaces, and articles have been published in local newspapers to further promote the program.
Tracking of Participation: SCWA compiles participation, rebate data annually, and develops baseline levels of participation.
Planned Implementation Schedule and Budget: SCWA will continue the existing program.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: The program’s participation is an intangible measurement of the public’s interest in conserving water and energy, and a way to assess effectiveness.
Estimated Water Savings: Water savings are difficult to quantify due to the lack of data for the older replaced washers. Tracking the ratings of the old washers could provide an estimated water savings per household, but many variables exist, including behavioral changes in water usage due to the drought.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-8 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx 6) Smart Irrigation Controller Rebate Programs
In conjunction with SCWA and the UWCC, Fairfield implements a smart irrigation controller rebate program for the residential and CII customers.
Financial incentives to upgrade irrigation controller systems for residential is a rebate for 50% of the cost for the controller (up to $300), and a maximum of $1,000 (depending on the number of stations) is available to commercial customers.
Marketing Strategy: SCWA and Fairfield’s water conservation program conducts outreach throughout the year. Current marketing components include:
• Telephone calls and site visits to CII customers
• Marketing the program on SCWA’s rebate page (scwa2 .org/rebates), and Fairfield water conservation page (Fairfield.ca.gov/conserve)
• Generate and distribute flyers that advertise the program • Social media and mailers
• Tabling at events and city hosted workshops
Tracking of Participation: The number of replacements and rebates are tracked and reviewed to gauge participation levels.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: The effectiveness of the program is determined by reviewing the numbers of participants, analyzing costs versus benefits, and estimating water savings.
Estimated Water Savings: Water savings from the program can be calculated from pre- installation water demand compared to post-installation demand. 7) Residential Low-Income Toilet Retrofit and Leak Detection Program In Partnership with Pacific Gas and Electric’s Energy Savings Assistance Program (ESA), Solano County Water Agency offers retrofits for inefficient, older model toilets by installing ultra- high efficiency toilets (HET). Qualifying HETs must replace units that use 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) or more with ultra-HET models that use 0.8 gpf. Eligible customers must be participants in PG&E’s (ESA) Program and must meet income-based requirements. All replacements are completed by a professional plumbing contractor at no cost to the owner. During the visit, the hose bib is also checked for leaks and replaced if needed. If the resident’s current toilet is already an ultra-HET or otherwise cannot be replaced, a dye tab test will be performed instead.
Marketing Strategy: Marketing avenues include telephone calls, direct mail, social media, website, and flyers placed at City Hall and public events booths.
Tracking of Participation: The number of replacements and rebates are tracked and reviewed to gauge participation levels.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-9 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: An analysis of cost vs. benefit can be performed, combined with estimated water savings, and the participation levels of residents and commercial accounts.
8) Drought Tolerant Treebate Rebate Program
Customers who purchase a qualifying drought ‑tolerant tree are eligible to receive a rebate covering 50 percent of the cost, up to $50 per tree, with a maximum of two trees per household.
The Treebate Program is designed to encourage residents to plant trees in and around their homes to support long ‑term water efficiency and environmental health. Planting drought ‑tolerant trees can help cool homes and reduce heat gradients, stabilize soil to prevent erosion, and naturally reduce stormwater runoff by improving water absorption and slowing the flow of rainwater.
Marketing Strategy: Marketing avenues include mailers, social media, website, and flyers placed at City Hall and public events booths.
Tracking of Participation: The number of replacements and rebates are tracked and reviewed to gauge participation levels.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: An analysis of cost vs. benefit can be performed, combined with estimated water savings, and the participation levels of residents. 9) Flume Smart Home Water Monitor
Customers can purchase a Flume smart water monitoring device for $65 (excluding shipping and tax) after rebate. The Flume system allows homeowners to track their water use in real time, identify unusual consumption patterns, and receive potential leak alerts directly on their smartphone. By understanding how much water is used and when, customers can reduce unnecessary consumption, prevent costly leaks, and gain greater control over their overall household water use.
Marketing Strategy: Marketing avenues include mailers, websites, social media and flyers placed at City Hall and public events booths.
Tracking of Participation: The number of replacements and rebates are tracked and reviewed to gauge participation levels.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: Water savings are expected through early leak detection, reduced continuous flows, and increased customer awareness of daily water use patterns.
10) City of Fairfield Water Conservation Website Resource The City has expanded its water conservation webpage (fairfield.ca.gov/conserve) into a comprehensive, user ‑friendly resource hub that is updated at least quarterly to ensure the community has access to the most current information. The page includes residential indoor water ‑saving tips, CII conservation practices, outdoor irrigation guidance, water-wise landscaping information, leak detection resources, drought information, rebate details, and links
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 7-10 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx to additional regional and state conservation tools. The site is designed to support customers at all levels of water-use knowledge, whether they are troubleshooting leaks, updating landscaping, or learning about conservation requirements.
The webpage is regularly promoted through the City’s social media platforms. Fairfield’s Instagram account reaches more than 5,900 followers, while the City’s Facebook page has over 16,500 followers, helping amplify conservation messages to a broad and diverse audience.
Monthly conservation messaging is posted year ‑round and includes tips, rebate reminders, seasonal watering guidance, and participation in statewide campaigns such as Fix a Leak Week and July Is Smart Irrigation Month. Each post links back to the City’s conservation webpage to provide residents with additional information and resources. Social media outreach also incorporates graphics and story highlights to increase engagement and make conservation information accessible.
Method for Evaluation of Effectiveness: Analytics such as page visits and post engagements are reviewed by staff to track which topics customers engage with most and update content based on community needs.
7.3 Planned DMMs to Reach Water Use Targets
The City of Fairfield will continue to implement the programs under section 7.2 and evaluate costs and estimated water savings over the next five years.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 8-1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Section 8: Seismic Risk Assessment
The City of Fairfield evaluated seismic risk as part of a broader water system risk and resiliency analysis (RRA). The seismic excerpt of the RRA is included in Section 4.4 of the WSCP submitted with the 2025 UWMP and is not repeated here.
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City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL References - i \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx References
2020 Census Data. Unites States Census Bureau. 2026.
2020 Wastewater Flow Data. Fairfield Suisun Sewer District. 2021.
Annual Water Quality Report (also known as the Consumer Confidence Report). City of Fairfield. 2022.
Annual Water Quality Report (also known as the Consumer Confidence Report). City of Fairfield. 2024.
California Water Plan Update 2023. California Department of Water Resources. 2023.
CIMIS Station Report. California Irrigation Management Information System. 2026.
Draft Delivery Capability Report 2025. The State Water Project. 2025.
Fairfield, California (042934) Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary. Western Regional Climate Center. 2016.
Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District Website. Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District. 2020.
General Plan (2024) . City of Fairfield. 2024.
Population Technical Memorandum . Prepared by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants for Solano County Water Agency. 2021.
Public Utility Master Plan. City of Fairfield. March 2025.
Reliability Technical Memorandum . Prepared by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants for Solano County Water Agency. 2021.
Risk and Resilience Analysis. City of Fairfield. 2020.
The Effectiveness of Drought Management Programs in Reducing Residential Water-Use in Virginia. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 2006.
Urban Water Management Plan . City of Fairfield. 2015.
Urban Water Management Plan . City of Fairfield. 2020.
Water Conservation by the Yard: A Statewide Analysis of Outdoor Water Savings Potential .
Texas Living Waters Project. March 2018.
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City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL A-1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Appendix A: UWMP Checklist
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Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = requir
ed)
Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location
x x 1 Chapter 1 10615 A plan shall describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses, reclamation and demand management activities.
Introduction and
overview n/a Section 4, Section 7
x x 1 Chapter 1 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple description of the Supplier’s plan including water availability, future requirements, a strategy for meeting needs, and other pertinent information. Additionally, a Supplier may also choose to include a simple description at the beginning of each chapter.
Plan preparation n/a Section 1.2
x x 2.1 Section 2.1 10620(b)
Every person that becomes a Supplier shall adopt UWMP within one year after it has become a Supplier. Plan preparation n/a Section 1.3 x n/a 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report the Public Water Systems number, volume of delivered water, and number of connections that are included in this UWMP. Plan preparation 2-1 Section 1.3; Appendix D x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report if this UWMP is an individual UWMP and whether the Supplier belongs to a regional UWMP or regional alliance. Plan preparation 2-2 Section 1.3 x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report whether the data is in fiscal or calendar years and the units of measure used for reporting water volumes. Plan preparation 2-3 Section 1.3 x x 2.4 Section 2.4 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has encourage d active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan and contingency plan.
Plan preparation n/a Section 1.5.3
x x 2.4 Section 2.4.2 10620(d)(3)
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other Suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.
Plan preparation n/a Section 1.2.1
x n/a 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h) Retail Suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their Wholesale Supplier(s)—if any—with water use projections from that source. Plan preparation 2-4 R Section 1.4.3 n/a x 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Wholesale Suppliers will provide their Suppliers with identification and quantification of the existing and planned sources of water available from the Wholesale Supplier to the Supplier during various water year types.
Plan preparation 2-4 W N/A - City of Fairfield is a
retail supplier
x x 3 Chapter 3.0 10631(a) Describe the Supplier service area. System description n/a Sections 1.5.1 and 1.5.2 x x 3.3 Section 3.3 10631(a) Describe the climate of the Supplier’s service area. System description n/a Section 1.7 x x 3.4 Section 3.4.1 10631(a) Provide the current and projected service area populations for 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050. System description 3-1 Section 1.5.3 x x 3.4 Section 3.4.2 10631(a) Describe other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. System description n/a Section 1.5.3 x x 3.5 Section 3.5 10631(a)
Describe the land uses within the service area… include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. Describe the land uses within the service area.
System description and
baselines n/a Section 1.6
x Optional 4.2 Sections 4.2.3 and 4.2.4 10631(d)(1)
Quantify past, current, and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors. System water use 4-1 and 4-2 Section 2.3 x Optional 4.3 Section 4.3.1 10631(d)(3)(A) Report the distribution system water loss for each of the five years preceding the plan update. System water use 4-5 Section 2.3.4
x n/a 4.3 Section 4.3.2 10631(d)(3)(C) Retail Suppliers shall provide data to show the distribution loss standards were met. System water use 4-6 Section 2.3.4
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.4 10631.1(a) Include projected water use needed for lower income housing projected in the service area of the Supplier. System water use 4-3 Section 2.3.7 x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(A) In projected water use, include estimates of water savings from adopted codes, plans, and other policies or laws. System water use 4-3 Section 2.3.7 x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B) Provide citations of codes, standards, ordinances, or plans used to make water use projections. System water use 4-3 Section 2.3.6 x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B)(ii)
To the extent that a Supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water Supplier shall… Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.
System water use 4-3 Section 2.3.7
x x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.6 10635(b) Demands under climate change considerations must be included as part of the drought risk assessment. System water use n/a Section 2.3.6.1; Section
6.5 n/a x 5.1 Section 5.1 10608.36
Wholesale Suppliers shall include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help their Retail Suppliers achieve targeted water use reductions.
Baselines and targets n/a N/A - City of Fairfield is a
retail supplier
x n/a 5.2 Section 5.2 10608.4
Retail Suppliers shall report on their compliance in meeting their water use targets. Reporting requirements will vary depending on whether the Supplier:
- Was considered an urban retail water supplier in 2020, - Met its 2020 target in 2020, or
- Was part of a merger or consolidation since 2020.
Chapter 5 Subsections 5.2.1, 5.2.2, and 5.2.3 address each of these situations.
Baselines and targets 5-1 Section 3
4/8/2026 Page 1 of 4 2568002.00 Page 269 of 1351
Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = requir
ed)
Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, describe the management of each supply in relationship to other identified supplies. System supplies n/a Section 6.1 x x 6.1 Sections 6.1 and 6.2 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal, single dry year, and a drought lasting five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, including changes in supply due to climate change.
System supplies n/a Section 6
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(C)
Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or planned source of water available to the Supplier. If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water… (include) a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five years.
Water supplies and
recycled water 6-1 Section 4.3
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(A)
Indicate whether a groundwater sustainability plan or groundwater management plan has been adopted by the Supplier or if there is any other specific authorization for groundwater management. Include a copy of the plan or authorization.
System supplies n/a
N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) Describe the ground water basin. System supplies n/a N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and include a copy of the court order or decree and a description of the amount of water the Supplier has the legal right to pump.
System supplies n/a
N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins… (include) information as to whether DWR has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin…
Water supplies and
recycled water n/a
N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins… describe efforts by the Supplier to coordinate with sustainability or groundwater agencies to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions.
Water supplies and
recycled water n/a
N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2. 10631(b)(4)(C)
If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water… (include) a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five years.
System supplies n/a
N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(D) Provide a detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped. System supplies 6-9 N/A - Groundwater is not a
supply source (Section
4.3)
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b) Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available for 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050. System supplies 6-8 and 6-9 Section 4.9 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.7 10631(c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short- term or long-term basis. System supplies n/a Section 4.5 x n/a 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(a)
Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the Supplier’s service area with quantified amount of collection and treatment and the disposal methods.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-2 Section 5.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(b)
Describe the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-3 Section 5.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(c)
Describe the recycled water currently being used in the Supplier's service area.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 Section 5.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(d) Describe and quantify the potential uses of recycled water and provide a determination of the technical and economic feasibility of those uses.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 Section 5.2.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(e)
Describe the projected use of recycled water within the Supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and describe the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 and 6-5 Section 5.2.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(f)
Describe the actions that may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-6 Section 5.2.3
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(g)
Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the Supplier's service area.
System supplies
(recycled water) n/a Section 5.2.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.6 10631(g) Describe desalinated wate r project opportunities for long-term supply. System supplies 6-7 N/A - Desalination is not
required for Fairfield's
supplies
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.10 10631(f)
Describe the expected future water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken by the water Supplier to address water supply reliability in average, single-dry, and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years.
System supplies 6-7 Section 4.8
x x 6.3 Section 6.3 and Appendix
O 10631.2(a) The UWMP must include energy information, as stated in the code, that a Supplier can readily obtain.
System suppliers,
energy intensity
O-1A, O-1B, O-1C, and
O-2 Section 4.6
x 7.1 Section 7.1 10634
Provide information on the quality of existing sources of water available to the Supplier and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.
Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 4.7
4/8/2026 Page 2 of 4 2568002.00 Page 270 of 1351
Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = requir
ed)
Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location
x x 7.2 Section 7.2 10635(a)
Service Reliability Assessment: Assess the water supply reliability during normal, dry, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years by comparing the total water supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years.
Water supply reliability
assessment 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4 Section 6
x x 7.2 Section 7.2.3 10620(f) Describe water management tools and options to maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.
Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Sections 4.5 and 4.8
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b) Provide a drought risk assessment as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects.
Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 6.5
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(1)
Include a description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive years.
Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 6.5.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(2)
Include a determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.
Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 6.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(3) Include a comparison of the total water supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
Water supply reliability
assessment 7-5 Section 6
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(4)
Include considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 6
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a)
Provide a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) with specified elements below.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a)(1) Provide an analysis of water supply reliability (from Guidebook Chapter 7) in the WSCP.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(A) Provide the written decision-making process and other methods that the Supplier will use each year to determine its water reliability.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(B) Provide data and methodology to evaluate the Supplier’s water reliability for the current year and one dry year pursuant to factors in the code.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(A)
Define six standard water shortage levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% shortage, and greater than 50% shortage. These levels shall be based on supply conditions, including percent reductions in supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation, or other conditions. The shortage levels shall also apply to a catastrophic interruption of supply.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(B) Suppliers with an existing WSCP that uses different water shortage levels must cross reference their categories with the six standard categories.
Water shortage
contingency planning 8-1 Appendix B
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(A)
Suppliers with WSCPs that align with the defined shortage levels must specify locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
Water shortage
contingency planning 8-2 Appendix B
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(B) Specify locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages.
Water shortage
contingency planning 8-3 Appendix B
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(C) Specify locally appro priate operational changes. Water shortage contingency planning 8-2 Appendix B
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(D)
Specify additional mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to State-mandated prohibitions are appropriate to local conditions.
Water shortage
contingency planning Table 8-3 Appendix B
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(E)
Estimate the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.
Water shortage
contingency planning 8-2 and 8-3 Appendix B
x x 8.4 Section 8.4.6 10632.5 The UWMP shall include a s eismic risk assessment and mitigation plan. Water shortage contingency plan n/a Appendix B
x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(A) Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any current or predicted water shortages.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(B),
10632(a)(5)(C)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered and other relevant communications.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x n/a 8.6 Section 8.6 10632(a)(6)
Retail Supplier must describe how it will ensure compliance with and enforce provisions of the WSCP.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(A) Describe the legal authority that empowers the Supplier to enforce shortage response actions.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(B) Provide a statement that the Supplier will declare a water shortage emergency per Water Code Chapter 3. Water Shortage Emergencies .
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(C)
Provide a statement that the Supplier will coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water for the possible proclamation of a local emergency.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(A)
Describe the potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(B)
Provide a description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
4/8/2026 Page 3 of 4 2568002.00 Page 271 of 1351
Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = requir
ed)
Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location
x n/a 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(C) Retail Suppliers must describe the cost of compliance with Water Code Chapter 3.3, Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought .
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x n/a 8.9 Section 8.9 10632(a)(9)
Retail Suppliers must describe the monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data are collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.10 Section 8.10 10632(a)(10)
Describe reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluation the WSCP to ensure risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x n/a 8.11 Section 8.11 10632(b)
Analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x x 8.12 Section 8.12 10632(c)
Make available the WSCP to customers and any city or county where it provides water within 30 days after adoption of the plan.
Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Appendix B
x n/a 9.1 Sections 9.1 10631(e)(1)
Retail Suppliers shall provide a description of the nature and extent of each demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The description will address specific measures listed in code.
Demand management
measures n/a Appendix B
n/a x 9.2 Sections 9.2 10631(e)(2)
Wholesale Suppliers shall describe specific demand management measures listed in code, their distribution system asset management program, and Supplier assistance program.
Demand management
measures n/a N/A - City of Fairfield is a
retail supplier
x n/a 10 Chapter 10 10608.26(a)
Retail Suppliers shall conduct a public hearing to discuss adoption, implementation, and economic impact of water use targets (recommended to discuss compliance).
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Section 1.4.3
x x 10.2 Section 10.2.1 10621(b)
Notify, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing, any city or county within which the Supplier provides water that the Supplier will be reviewing the UWMP and considering amendments or changes to the plan.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation 10-1 Section 1.4.3; Appendix D
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10621(f) Each urban water Supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to DWR by July 1, 202 6.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Section 1.3
x x 10.2 Sections 10.2.2, 10.3,
and 10.5 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier made the UWMP and WSCP available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing, and held a public hearing about the UWMP and WSCP.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Appendix C
x x 10.2 Section 10.2.2 10642 The Supplier is to provide the time and place of the hearing to any city or county within which the Supplier provides water.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation 10-1 Section 1.4.3
x x 10.3 Section 10.3.2 10642 Provide supporting documentation that the UWMP and WSCP has been adopted as prepared or modified.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Appendix D
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a) Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has submitted their UWMP to the California State Library.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Section 1.4.4
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a)(1)
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has submitted their UWMP to any city or county within which the Supplier provides water no later than 30 days after adoption.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Section 1.4.4
x x 10.4 Sections 10.4.1 and
10.4.2 10644(a)(2) The UWMP, or amendments to the UWMP, submitted to DWR shall be submitted electronically.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Section 1.4.4
x x 10.7 Section 10.7.2 10644(b) If revised, submit a co py of the WSCP to DWR within 30 days of adoption. Plan adoption, submittal, and implementation n/a Section 1.2.2
x x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(a)
Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its UWMP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Sections 1.4.1 and 1.4.3
x x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(b)
Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its WSCP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a Section 1.4.4
x x 10.6 Section 10.6 10621(c) If Supplier is regulated by the Public Utilities Commission, include its plan and contingency plan as part of its general rate case filings.
Plan adoption, submittal,
and implementation n/a
N/A - City of Fairfield is
not regulated by the Public
Utilities Commission 4/8/2026 Page 4 of 4 2568002.00 Page 272 of 1351
City of Fairfield, 2025 Urban Water Management Plan DRAFT FINAL B-1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\fairfield 2025 uwmp final draft_05.11.2026.docx Appendix B: 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
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275 Battery Street Suite 550
San Francisco, CA 94111
415-243-2411
2025 Water Shortage
Contingency Plan
Draft Final
June 8, 2026
Prepared for
City of Fairfield
1000 Webster Street
Fairfield, California 94533
K/J Project No. 2568002*00
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City of Fairfield, 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan DRAFT FINAL Page i \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\appendixb_2025_fairfield_wscp_clean.docx Table of Contents
List of Tables .................................... ................................................... ...................................... iii List of Figures ...................................................................................... ...................................... iii List of Appendices ..................................................................................................... ................. iii Section 1: Introduction .............................................................................. 1-1 Section 2: Water Supply Reliability Analysis ............................................. 2-1
2.1 System Supplies ................................................................................2-1
2.2 Water Supply Reliability .....................................................................2-1
2.2.1 Constraints on Water Sources ................................................2-1
2.2.1.1 State Water Project ...............................................2-1
2.2.1.2 Solano Project .......................................................2-2
2.3 Relationship to the Urban Water Management Plan ...........................2-2 Section 3: Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment
Procedures......................................... ....................................... 3-1
3.1 Timeline and Methodology for Conducting the Annual Assessment .......................................................................................3-2
3.2 Factors Affecting Demand and Supply ...............................................3-3
3.2.1 Weather Outlook .....................................................................3-3
3.3 Water Supply Assessment .................................................................3-3
3.4 Water Demand Assessment ..............................................................3-3
3.5 Current Predicted Shortages Based on Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment ..................................................................3-3
3.6 Coordination with Cities and Counties ................................................3-4 Section 4: Water Shortage Stages ............................................................. 4-1
4.1 Definitions/Criteria Establishing Shortage ..........................................4-1
4.2 Determining Water Shortage Reductions ...........................................4-2
4.3 Actions to Prepare for Catastrophic Interruption .................................4-3
4.4 Seismic Risk Analysis ........................................................................4-3
4.4.1 Background and Summary ......................................................4-3
4.4.2 General Methodology ..............................................................4-4
4.4.3 Existing Mitigation Measures ...................................................4-5 Section 5: Water Shortage Response Actions (by Shortage Stage) .......... 5-1
5.1 Supply Augmentation Actions ............................................................5-1
5.1.1 Drought Measures Agreement ................................................5-1
5.2 Demand Reduction Actions ................................................................5-4
5.2.1 Landscape Irrigation ...............................................................5-9
5.2.2 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII) ..........................5-9
5.2.3 Water Features and Swimming Pools .....................................5-9
5.2.4 Other ..................................................................................... 5-10
5.3 Operational Changes ....................................................................... 5-10
5.4 Additional Mandatory Prohibitions .................................................... 5-10
Table of Contents (cont'd)
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5.5 Effectiveness of Shortage Response Actions (by Water Shortage Stage) ............................................................................... 5-10 Section 6: Communication Protocols ........................................................ 6-1
6.1 Current or Predicted Shortages ..........................................................6-1
6.2 Shortage Response Actions ...............................................................6-1
6.3 Other Communications ......................................................................6-1 Section 7: Penalties, Charges, Other Enforcement of Prohibitions .......... 7-1 Section 8: Legal Authorities ...................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Legal Authorities to Implement and Enforce Shortage Response Actions .............................................................................................. .8-1 Section 9: Financial Consequences of Actions during Shortages ............ 9-1
9.1 Revenue and Expenditure Impacts ....................................................9-1
9.2 Cost of Compliance with Water Code Ch. 3.3 (Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought) .............................................9-1 Section 10: Monitoring and Reporting ....................................................... 10-1
10.1 Determining Water Shortage Reductions ......................................... 10-1 Section 11: Refinement Procedures .......................................................... 11-1 Section 12: Special Water Feature Distinction ......................................... 12-1
12.1 Defining Water Features .................................................................. 12-1
12.2 Restrictions on Usage ...................................................................... 12-1 Section 13: Plan Adoption Resolution or Ordinance ................................. 13-1 References ........................................ ................................................... ...................................... 1
Table of Contents (cont'd)
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Table 2-1: Water Supplies Available to Fairfield ....................................................................... 2-1 Table 2-2: DWR Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables (DWR Table 7-5) ........... 2-2 Table 3-1: Calendar and Methodology for Performing Annual Assessment .............................. 3-2 Table 4-1: Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (DWR Table 8-1) ........ 4-2 Table 4-2: Catastrophic Supply Interruption Plan ..................................................................... 4-3 Table 5-1: Solano Project Members’ Agreement of Drought-Induced Curtailments of Solano Project Deliveries .............................................................................................. 5-2 Table 5-2: Solano Project Members’ Agreement as to Water Allocation of Drought-Induced Curtailments of Solano Project Deliveries ......................................................... 5-2 Table 5-3: Drought Response Measures – Demand vs. Supply Reduction .............................. 5-3 Table 5-4: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (DWR Table 8-2) ..................................... 5-3 Table 5-5: Demand Reduction Actions (DWR Table 8-3) ......................................................... 5-4
List of Figures
1 None
List of Appendices
Appendix A: Fairfield Municipal Code, Chapter 22, W ater
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This plan documents the City of Fairfield’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) per requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act, Section 10632 of the California Water Code. Fairfield purchases all raw State Water Project (SWP) and Solano Project water from Solano County Water Agency (SCWA).
The purpose of this WSCP is to provide guidance if triggering events occur — whether from reduced supply, increased demand, or an emergency declaration — and identify corresponding actions to be taken during the various stages of a water shortage. The plan includes a description of stages which are intended to be fair to all water customers and users while having the least impact on business, employment, and quality of life for residents.
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Water Code Section 10632(a) requires that every urban water supplier prepare and adopt a WSCP as part of its urban water management plan (UWMP). While the WSCP is a stand-alone document which is updated and adopted in concert with the UWMP. Content of the WSCP is informed by the analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Water Code Section 10635 (contained in the UWMP).
2.1 System Supplies
As summarized in Table 2-1, the primary water sources for the City of Fairfield are the Solano Project, the SWP, and “non-SWP settlement water” obtained through negotiations with the Department of Water Resources in 2003. The two projects deliver water from Lake Berryessa and the Sacramento River respectively. Although legally not SWP water, settlement water is derived from the yield of the SWP and is delivered through SWP facilities.
Table 2-1: Water Supplies Available to Fairfield
Supply Source Annual Allocation (Acre -feet)
Annual Allocation (Million
Gallons)
SWP – Table A 14,678 4,783
Non -SWP Settlement Water 11,800 3,845
Solano Project – Fairfield 9,200 2,998
Solano Project – SID a
Agreement
18,018 5,871
Total 53,69 6 17,49 7
Notes:
a Solano Irrigation District
2.2 Water Supply Reliability
As described in the 2025 UWMP, the water supply reliability values for the City of Fairfield are affected dramatically by the storage facilities available to the City (the ability to carryover supplies from both the SWP and Solano Project supplies). Long term storage allows the City to manage both single dry year and multiple dry year values in water planning priorities. There is no single year event that overshadows the impact of multiple dry year events, whereas some utilities must weigh their planning toward driest year events.
2.2.1 Constraints on Water Sources
2.2.1.1 State Water Project
The City of Fairfield receives water from the SWP, through SCWA under two separate arrangements.
First, there is a contractual arrangement as an original contractor with the State of California.
This water entitlement, also known as Table A, is similar in reliability to all other agencies in the SWP agreement, subject to reductions based on the anticipated deliveries from the project as a
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A second portion of water received via SWP facilities is from a DWR 2003 Non-SWP Settlement Agreement water which is based on Watershed of Origin entitlement. Fairfield has up to 11,800 acre-feet of non SWP Settlement Water which has a high level of reliability estimated by SCWA to be 73%, similar to long-term Table A reliability.
2.2.1.2 Solano Project
For the Solano Project, the contract with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) calls for the full contract amount to be delivered unless it is physically impossible to deliver the water from Solano Project storage (i.e. reservoir is dry). Therefore, the full contract water supply is allocated until there is no water available in the reservoir.
The Solano Project member agencies (including the City of Fairfield) have entered into a separate agreement to reduce deliveries based upon storage levels in Lake Berryessa. Once the storage level drops below 800,000 acre feet, as measured on April 1, 95% of contract amounts are delivered with 5% being stored in the reservoir as carryover. If the reservoir drops below 550,000 acre feet by April 1, 90% can be delivered and 10% is stored as carryover. The City of Fairfield has the ability to carryover more than this amount if desired. Once the reservoir level is below 400,000 acre feet on April 1, the member agencies can use their full allocation and any stored carryover.
2.3 Relationship to the Urban Water Management Plan
The reliability analysis of the UWMP considered “normal”, “single-dry”, and “5-year drought” as detailed in Section 6 of the UWMP. The analysis in the UWMP documents the supply conditions in normal and dry-year situations. Water Code Section 10635(b)(3) requires that the UWMP estimates the minimum water supply available during each of the next five water years based on the driest five-year historic sequence for the agency’s water supply. Table 6-7 in the UWMP documents the City’s near-term water supply reliability assuming 5-year drought which is shown as Table 2-2 as follows.
Table 2-2: DWR Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables (DWR Table 7-5) Water Code Section 10635(b)(3)
2026 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 6,384
Total Supplies (MG) 13,020
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 6,636
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 6,636
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
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Total Water Use (MG) 7,052
Total Supplies (MG) 12,303
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 5,251
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 5,251
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
2028 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 7,662
Total Supplies (MG) 11,107
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 3,445
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 3,445
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
2029 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 8,359
Total Supplies (MG) 11,585
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 3,226
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 3,226
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
2030 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 9,057
Total Supplies (MG) 12,303
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 3,246
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0.0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 0.0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 3,246
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action 0%
Notes:
Volumes reported in MG.
Allocation of supplies is based on the following assumptions:
2026: SWP Table A - 45%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2027: SWP Table A - 30%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2028: SWP Table A - 5%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2029: SWP Table A - 15%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72% 2030: SWP Table A - 30%, Solano Project - 91.3%, Non-SWP Settlement Water - 72%
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Procedures
From DWR Guidebook P. 200 and P. 201
Water Code Section 10632(a)(2)
The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable.
(ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier. (iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.
Water Code Section 10632.1.
An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.
Droughts occur with unpredictable frequency, intensity, and duration. Developing and maintaining a healthy water supply portfolio to serve its customers has always been an ongoing Fairfield priority, and Fairfield wants to be prepared for drought and water shortages by regularly monitoring its water supplies and demands. Water supply projections and hydrologic conditions are significant components in deciding when a drought response is needed. The amount of the water supply shortage contributes to the severity of drought declared and the necessary level of response from Fairfield and its customers.
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3.1 Timeline and Methodology for Conducting the Annual Assessment
Table 3-1 provides target dates and actions for performing the Annual Assessment. The table outlines actions for the current year and one year of drought. By starting to plan in the fall, Fairfield will get a snapshot of conditions and can start lining up the resources to mitigate supply and start outreach to customers to manage demand. Major actions are proposed in February, when an initial estimate of supply is made and compared to demand. A final annual assessment is proposed in late May-early June.
Table 3-1:
Calendar and Methodology for Performing Annual Assessment Target Date Action
Oct-Jan Monitor SWP and Solano Project supply sources
Monitor demand trends
Feb
Evaluate anticipated weather (e.g., National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center, La Niña, US Drought Seasonal Outlook) Receive State Water Project (SWP initial allocation) and anticipated Solano Project allocation from SCWA monthly
Make initial assessment of unconstrained demand (e.g. current and new large demands online)
Make initial estimate of shortage, if any
If shortage anticipated, notify Fairfield Public Works Director and City Manager
If shortage anticipated, prepare informational item to City Council Mar Prepare draft Annual Assessment for Fairfield Public Works Director and City Manager review
Apr
Confirm current SWP and Solano Project allocations
If shortage anticipated, start public outreach
Identify potential customer efficiency actions and assistance to be provided
Complete Draft Annual Assessment and present to Fairfield Public Works Director and City Manager
If shortage anticipated, prepare informational item to City Council May-June
Continue public outreach
Update Annual Water Assessment with Fairfield Public Works Director and City Manager Input, present to City Council
Finalize Annual Water Assessment and submit to DWR by July 1 (starting in 2022)
If necessary, prepare notices of public hearing on water shortage July-Sept
Continue public outreach
If necessary, declare water shortage and implement supply mitigations and demand reduction actions
Monitor customer response to water shortage messaging and other actions
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3.2 Factors Affecting Demand and Supply
3.2.1 Weather Outlook
Weather affects Fairfield supplies in many ways. For the SWP and Solano Project supplies, the effects of weather which are seen over the short-term influences water availability.
SWP Table A Allocation: Each year, depending on precipitation and snowpack, DWR announces the percent of Table A allocation that each contractor can expect for that year. The allocation is often adjusted several times before a final allocation is made in April of each year.
Solano Project Water Year Classification. SCWA monitors total precipitation in the Lake Berryessa Watershed and establishes the Lake Berryessa index. Based on water years 1906 through 2025, the Lake Berryessa index that classifies the watershed hydrology as “Wet”, “Normal”, “Below Normal”, “Dry”, and “Critically Dry” is established which assigns the % of Full Allocation for the Solano Project.
With this information, Fairfield directly considers the impacts of climate on available water supply which will affect how Fairfield considers demand expectations in the current year and the next year as a potential drought year.
3.3 Water Supply Assessment
Both the SWP and the Solano Project consider water in storage as well as annual weather in the supply availability/allocation for a given year.
3.4 Water Demand Assessment
DWR guidance for the Annual Assessment is to consider the expected water use in the upcoming year, based on recent water use, and before any projected response actions a Supplier may trigger under its WSCP. Fairfield will review the most recent 12-month period of metered consumption and total monthly and annual production from the Waterman and North Bay Regional (NBR) Water Treatment Plan (WTP) as well as any new demands such as large developments, increased or new industrial uses that may be expected for the upcoming year to report the unconstrained current demand and projected demand for the subsequent year.
3.5 Current Predicted Shortages Based on Annual Water
Supply and Demand Assessment
From DWR Guidebook P. 203
Early Assessment. Although Water Shortage reports must be submitted to DWR on or before July 1 of every year, an early Annual Assessment allows Suppliers and customers to identify uncertainties and prepare financially and logistically for any anticipated water supply constraints in the coming months.
Therefore, Suppliers are encouraged to develop procedures, including decision-making processes, that facilitate early analysis and adoption.
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Fairfield staff will compare the SWP and Solano Project supply allocation and the anticipated demand based on water production and determine if a supply shortage is anticipated, the level of shortage, and whether the shortage condition requires implementation of its WSCP.
3.6 Coordination with Cities and Counties
Should a water shortage be declared, Fairfield will coordinate with Solano County within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 204
Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)
(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use.
Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events.
(B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross-reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.
4.1 Definitions/Criteria Establishing Shortage
The City of Fairfield has a four-stage water use reduction target, which is linked to water shortages in the Solano Project, Fairfield’s most reliable water supply. The four stages have been aligned with the six-stage supply reduction required by DWR for the response program as shown in Table 4-1. Each stage consists of specific prohibitions, regulations, fines, penalties, and rate structure to encourage the appropriate level of conservation as described in subsequent sections of this WSCP. There are a number of actions that are considered wasteful and are subject to restrictions and penalties regardless of the water shortage stage. Higher reduction stages II, III, and IV are most restrictive primarily due to the landscape irrigation component and restrictions imposed on landscape irrigation. The following Table 4-1 outlines the stages of action in the WSCP.
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Check the box if the Supplier uses the Standard six levels of water shortage.
(Supplier will not complete the table below)
Standard Shortage
Level
Percent Shortage
Range
Suppliers Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
1 Up to 10%
Solano Project storage at
or above 800,000 AF
(Ordinance Stage I (a) )
10%
2 Up to 20%
Solano Project storage at
700,000 AF – 800,000
AF (Ordinance Stage II
(b) )
25%
3 Up to 30%
Solano Project storage at
500,000 AF – 700,000
AF (Ordinance Stage II
(b) / Ordinance Stage III
(c) ) (e)
25% - 35%
4 Up to 40%
Solano Project storage at
400,000 AF – 500,000
AF (Ordinance Stage III
(c) )
35%
5 Up to 50%
Solano Project storage at
200,000 AF – 400,000
AF (Ordinance Stage IV
(d) )
50%
6 Greater than 50%
Solano Project storage at
or below 200,000 AF
(Ordinance Stage IV (d) )
Greater than 50%
Notes:
(a) Stage I per City Ordinance – Solano Project storage is greater than 800,000 AF per Fairfield-SCWA Drought Measures Agreement
(b) Stage II per City Ordinance – Solano Project storage is 600,000 AF – 800,000 AF per Fairfield- SCWA Drought Measures Agreement
(c) Stage III per City Ordinance – Solano Project storage is 400,000 AF – 600,000 AF per Fairfield- SCWA Drought Measures Agreement
(d) Stage IV per City Ordinance – Solano Project storage is 200,000 AF – 400,000 AF per Fairfield- SCWA Drought Measures Agreement
(e) Standard Shortage Level 3 (up to 30%) correspon ds to Supplier Shortage Levels 2 and 3 (25% - 35%)
4.2 Determining Water Shortage Reductions
The City of Fairfield fully meters both production and consumption. Measured production and consumption data, along with state mandated requirements will be analyzed to compare water usage between different stages of the WSCP to determine water shortages and conservation savings targets as needed.
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4.3 Actions to Prepare for Catastrophic Interruption
Practices to offset catastrophic losses have been in place for years in the City of Fairfield. The following Table 4-2 lists potential supply interruptions and actions which have been taken to offset these potential disruptions.
Table 4-2: Catastrophic Supply Interruption Plan
Possible Supply
Interruption Cause Summary of Actions
Regional Power Outage
City has installed approximately 2 days of finished water storage. The system is pressurized almost entirely by gravity feed from the reservoirs.
Some pump stations have been affected by power outa ges in the past. The utility has responded by sending portable generators to provide stop-gap pumping power.
Earthquake City has installed approximately 2 days of finished water storage. City is constructing a redundant water transmission main to be completed in 2020.
Flooding
Communications systems are prepared to allow for distribution system routing and contamination containment. Public communications are established to notify of any water use restrictions.
Distribution testing procedures are established to check for contamination restrictions under backflow or intrusion conditions.
Landslide Bypass pipelines have been constructed around the m ost high-risk landslide locations for the Putah South Canal. Second water s ource bypasses as well.
Any or all of the components in each stage may be enacted by determination of the Public Works Director in order to meet the demand reduction goal for that response stage. The City also updates its Emergency Response Plan (ERP) annually, as discussed in Section 4.4.3, to prepare for catastrophic interruption.
4.4 Seismic Risk Analysis
The City of Fairfield evaluated seismic risk as part of a broader water system risk and resiliency analysis as described below.
4.4.1 Background and Summary
To comply with the Federal American Water Infrastructure Act, the City conducted a Risk and Resiliency Analysis (RRA) in 2025 using USEPA-recognized voluntary consensus standards (principally the AWWA J100 Standard), collaborative workshops, and reference to assessments and plans previously completed by the City. The J100 Standard methodology consists of seven interrelated steps that allows for identification, quantification, and communication of the risks to, and resilience of the organization, six of which are required for the RRA (the last step leads into the ERP phase). Risk is calculated using the formula: Risk = Consequence x Vulnerability x Threat Likelihood.
Critical City water system assets and relevant threats or hazards were screened and prioritized to develop a list of 148 threat-asset pairs which were assessed to quantify the worst reasonable consequence to the City. Consequences were assessed for the following criteria: serious injuries; deaths; reduced economic activity due to service denial; and utility financial losses.
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One of the 10 highest risk TAPs relates to earthquakes, and specifically the impacts of significant events affecting the City’s treatment plants and buried transmission and distribution piping. To improve the City’s ability to effectively prepare for and react to a significant earthquake event, it was recommended that the City conduct additional training for post- earthquake procedures, and consider participating in USGS’ early earthquake warning system known as ShakeAlert.
4.4.2 General Methodology
The dangers associated with earthquake hazards relevant to the City were researched, along with any observed impacts associated with the historical occurrence of such events. The 2012 Solano County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap catalog of earthquake scenarios were the primary sources for identification and characterization of natural hazards. The LHMP provides a list of historical natural hazard events and is consistent with the historical occurrences.
The Concord-Green Valley and Cordelia faults run generally north-south along the western end of the City’s service area and are in close proximity to several critical assets in the area (e.g., Mangels Reservoir and Pump Station, South Cordelia Reservoir and Pump Station, Eastridge Reservoir and Pump Station, and Nelson Hill Reservoir).
There is a history of large, damaging earthquakes in the Northern California region. Regional historical seismic events as large as magnitude 7.7 have been recorded. There has been no recorded impact to system operations from historical earthquake events, however, including the relatively recent 2014 Napa event.
In general, an ordinal ranking system was utilized for assigning vulnerabilities to earthquakes for each of 30 critical assets, with three possible values available for each TAP: 0.9, 0.5, or 0.1. A value of 0.9 indicates that existing countermeasures and mitigation measures will have limited ability to reduce the worst reasonable consequences of the identified threat (i.e., a 6.8M event centered on the Green Valley fault west of Fairfield). A value of 0.5 indicates that the asset includes some features that are likely to reduce, but not eliminate, the consequences of the event. A value of 0.1 indicates that the asset includes features to reduce or eliminate most of the potential consequences of the event.
With respect to the City’s critical water system assets, available mitigation measures for a ground shaking event are generally a function of the relevant building codes, design standards and best practices in effect when the asset was designed and constructed. Although the California legislature has shepherded a long list of incremental improvements to building codes and earthquake-related life safety legislation since the 1970s, it was not until the late 1990s that seismic design requirements for public works infrastructure, including standards for anchorage and bracing of mechanical equipment that is often most susceptible to damage in treatment plants and pump stations, began to be more widely adopted. Accordingly, it was assumed that all assets built after 2000 were designed to more stringent seismic design criteria, and are thus
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Threat likelihood analysis was performed to yield an estimated likelihood (specifically, an annual probability of occurrence) to each threat or hazard. Natural hazards were analyzed using historical date of recorded events or studies of potential future events from government sources (where available). Anecdotal evidence of historical incidents was also collected during interviews with City staff.
A detailed discussion of the approach used to characterize earthquake threats was prepared as a separate technical memorandum. This document, entitled Summary of Methodologies and Results from Hazus® Earthquake Model and American Lifelines Alliance, is confidential and is available for review at the City of Fairfield Public Works Department. The purpose of this technical memorandum (TM) was to document the methodologies used to estimate consequences associated with an earthquake event affecting the City of Fairfield (City) water system.
The risk and resilience analysis combines the results from the previous steps to estimate the risk and resilience values for each TAP. As outlined previously, risk is the product of consequences, vulnerability, and threat likelihood, as shown below:
R = C x V x T
where:
R = Risk
C = Consequence
V = Vulnerability
T = Threat likelihood
Consequences were expressed in dollars for each TAP. Vulnerability was expressed as a discrete point value between zero and one. Threat likelihood was expressed as a probability or frequency over a given time period, generally understood to be one year. For the overall RRA, the largest risk values were generally associated with cyber threats, earthquake hazards, and wildfire.
4.4.3 Existing Mitigation Measures
The City maintains an Emergency Response Plan desi gned to provide an all hazards emergency management program specific to the City’s Water Division. The ERP is updated annually, and FEMA-compliant training is periodically provided to key City staff. As described in the City’s existing ERP, the City has mutual aid agreements with a number of neighboring agencies, including the Cities of Vacaville and Vallejo, the Department of Water Resources, Solano Irrigation District, Suisun-Solano Water Authority, Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District, and the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s California Medical Facility. Additionally, the City is a signatory of CalWARN, whose mission is to “support and promote state-wide emergency preparedness, disaster response, and mutual assistance processes for public and private water and wastewater utilities”.
City of Fairfield, 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 4-6 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\appendixb_2025_fairfield_wscp_clean.docx The City owns and maintains a variety of portable and permanently installed diesel generators which are available to provide electrical power to critical assets in the event of PG&E power failure. As described previously, the City has also committed to renting and maintaining a large portable generator during fire season, for the sole purpose of providing adequate emergency electrical power to either of the City’s WTPs during a PSPS or other fire-related outages. The City is planning to procure and install a permanent diesel generator at one of its WTPs in coming years to obviate the need for seasonal generator rentals. The City has contracts with several diesel fuel su ppliers, and maintains close communication with suppliers during planned and unplanned power outages. The City maintains inventories of spare parts for critical assets and equipment items located within the treatment and distribution systems. Although certain long lead equipment items (e.g., large pump motors) are not stocked, the City maintains asset and maintenance management systems designed to identify and track needs related to equipment maintenance, repair and replacement activities.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 206
Water Code Section 10632 (a)(4)
Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to state- mandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.
As shown in Table 4-1, Fairfield has adapted the four-stage plan to the required six DWR stages and developed a six-stage contingency plan to reduce demand 50 percent or more. The contingency plan may be needed during a severe or extended water shortage event and can involve both voluntary and mandatory stages. References to stages from this point forward are to the six shortage stages required by DWR, unless specifically identified.
5.1 Supply Augmentation Actions
In the extremely unlikely event of a supply shortage, Fairfield would work with Solano County Water Agency and/or neighboring water purveyors to implement the Drought Measures Agreement detailed below.
5.1.1 Drought Measures Agreement
The City of Fairfield, along with the Solano County Water Agency and the other Participating Agencies, entered the “Solano Project Members’ Agreement as to Drought Measures and Water Allocation” (the Drought Measures Agreement) in 1999. This agreement allows for the shifting of resources from agricultural to municipal and industrial uses in the event of drought conditions and storage depletion.
Per the Drought Measures Agreement, deliveries of Solano Project water are reduced based upon storage levels in Lake Berryessa. Once the storage level drops below 800,000 AF, as measured on April 1 of each year, 95% of contract amounts are delivered with 5% being stored in the reservoir. If the reservoir drops below 550,000 AF by April 1, 90% of contract amounts are delivered with 10% being stored as carryover. Once the reservoir level is below 450,000 AF on April 1, the participating agencies can use their full allocation and any stored carryover. While the WSCP stages are meant to reduce demand, the Drought Measures Agreement Stages are meant to adjust the supply priority in extreme conditions. Although not required by DWR, the
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Table 5-1: Solano Project Members’ Agreement of Drought-Induced Curtailments of Solano Project Deliveries
Storage in Lake Berryessa, in acre -feet a
800,000 -
1,600,000
550,000 -
800,000
450,000 -
550,000
less than
450,000
% of Annual Entitlement to be Restricted
(Mandatory Curtailments) 0% 5% 10% 0%
% of Annual Entitlement Available 100% 95% 90% 100% Notes:
a Storage in Lake Berryessa also governs water use reductions as summarized in Table 5-3.
Table 5-2: Solano Project Members’ Agreement as to Water Allocation of Drought- Induced Curtailments of Solano Project Deliveries
% of Annual Entitlement Available 100% 95% 90% 100% Solano Project Participating
Agency
Entitlements to Annual
Deliveries
Adjusted Annual Entitlement, in
acre-feet
Solano Irrigation District 141,000 141,000 133,950 126,900 141,000 Fairfield 9,200 9,200 8,740 8,280 9,200
Vacaville 5,600 5,600 5,320 5,040 5,600
City of Suisun City 1,600 1,600 1,520 1,440 1,600
Maine Prairie 15,000 15,000 14,250 13,500 15,000
Vallejo 14,750 14,750 14,013 13,275 14,750
Total 187,150 187,150 177,793 168,435 187,150
Solano Project Participating Agency Restricted Carryover, in acre- feet
Solano Irrigation District 0 7,050 14,100 0
Fairfield 0 460 920 0
Vacaville 0 280 560 0
City of Suisun City 0 80 160 0
Maine Prairie 0 750 1,500 0
Vallejo 0 738 1,475 0
Total 0 9,358 18,715 0
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(Demand Reductions)
Solano Project Drought Measures
Agreement Drought-Induced
Curtailments of Deliveries (the
Drought Measures Agreement)
(Supply Reductions)
DWR
Shortage
Level a
Water
Shortage
Stage a
Water Use
Reduction
Target
Solano Project
Storage
(acre-feet)
Solano Project
Storage
(acre-feet)
Percentage
of Annual
Entitlement
to be
Restricted
1 (10%) I 10% Greater than 800,000 Greater than 800,000 0% 2 (20%)/
3 (30%) II 25% 600,000 - 800,000 550,000 - 800,000 5%
3 (30%/
4 (40%) III 35% 400,000 - 600,000 450,000 - 550,000 10% 5 (50%)/
6 (> 50%) IV 50% 200,000 - 400,000 Less than 450,000 0% Notes:
a Cross reference of Solano Project Water Shortage Stage to Six DWR water shortage stages are found in Table 4-1.
While the water shortage stages are directly linked to storage in the Solano Project’s Lake Berryessa, the water shortage stages and conservation requirements can be declared by the City in response to any water shortage whether caused by system failures, natural disasters or drought conditions.
Table 5-4 documents the supply augmentation actions available to Fairfield.
Table 5-4: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (DWR Table 8-2) Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(A),(C), and (E)
No Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? Shortage
Level
Supply
Augmentation
Methods and
Other Actions
by Water
Supplier
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
(optional) Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
4 /
Solano
Project IV
Other Actions
(describe) Percentage 15%
After Shortage stage 3/Stage III
Water Use reduction target of
35% is enabled; SCWA Solano
Project Drought Measures
Agreement allows for using water
saved to storage in prior stages
when storage is less than
450,000 AF and the shifting of
resources from agricultural to
municipal and industrial uses in
the event of drought conditions
and storage depletion
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5.2 Demand Reduction Actions
While each shortage level triggers specific shortage response actions, Fairfield continues to implement water savings strategies year-round to achieve a baseline demand reduction to assist with desired demand reduction for water agencies supplied by SCWA. These actions include but are not limited to:
• Monthly meter readings – Fairfield staff can ident ify higher than average water usage and provide information and outreach to customers for reducing their water bills • Baseline public outreach – Fairfield can provide b ill stuffers, social media, and website information pertaining to local drought conditions and local water use restrictions When a shortage level is triggered based on the Annual Assessment, shortage response actions are also triggered with the associated shortage level. Table 5-5 describes the response actions and the estimated reduction in demand associated with each action. During the 2014- 2017 drought, public information messaging which was occurring regionally and state-wide was sufficient to achieve the savings mandated by the Governor’s Executive Order.
Table 5-5: Demand Reduction Actions (DWR Table 8-3)
Shortage
Level
Demand
Reduction
Actions
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap? Additional Explanation
or Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
Always
Other -
Customers
must repair
leaks, breaks,
and
malfunctions
in a timely
manner
Percentage 2%-7% Prohibition on controllable
water leaks Yes
Always Other Percentage 2%
New installation of single
pass cooling systems
using potable water
Yes
Always
Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific times
Percentage 2%
Landscape irrigation
between noon and 6:00
pm prohibited.
Commercial, Industrial and
institutions are prohibited
from irrigating non-
functional turf as defined
in AB 1572
Yes
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Level
Demand
Reduction
Actions
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap? Additional Explanation
or Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
Always
Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific times
Percentage 10%
Prohibition on landscape
irrigation in a manner that
causes runoff, or within 48
hours after measurable
precipitation
Yes
Always
Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific times
Percentage 2%
Prohibition on non-
recirculating systems in
new conveyor car wash,
commercial laundry
systems, fountains or
other decorative water
features
Yes
Always
Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific times
Percentage 2%
Prohibition on hosing off
sidewalks, driveways and
other hardscapes, unless
necessary to protect public
health and safety
Yes
1 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage 10%
Stage I (10%): Send out
quarterly messages to
customers on 10% water
use reduction from their
normal demand with
examples on how to
reduce water usage.
Require washing vehicles
at car wash or only with
controllable device such
as hose with shut off
nozzle,
Yes
2 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage up to 25%
Stage I (10%) and Stage II
(25%) Send out monthly
messages to customers
on 20% water use
reduction from their
normal demand with
examples on how to
reduce water usage;
Restaurants serve water
only upon request, Hotels
etc to post notice of
drought conditions and
option to not replace
linens daily
Yes
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Level
Demand
Reduction
Actions
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap? Additional Explanation
or Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
2 Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific days
Percentage up to 25%
Stage II (25%) Landscape
irrigation limited to 4 days
per week or less. Trees
should continue to be
watered as needed to
maintain tree health
Yes
2 Other Percentage 2%
Stage I (10%) and Stage II
(25%), Prohibit running
water for washing of
buildings etc
Yes
2 Other Percentage 2%
All hoses used for outdoor
watering must be
equipped with a shut-off
nozzle or device designed
to shut off water when not
in use
Yes
3 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage 25%-35%
Stage I (10%) and Stage II
(25%)/Stage III (35%)
Send out monthly
messages to customers
on 30% water use
reduction from their
normal demand with
examples on how to
reduce water usage
Yes
3 Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 25%-35%
Stage II (25%) Prohibit
landscape irrigation to 4
days per week or
less/Stage III (35%)
Prohibit landscape
irrigation to 2 days per
week or less. Trees should
continue to be watered as
needed using efficient
irrigation methods
Yes
3 Other Percentage 2%
Stage I (10%) and Stage II
(25%)/Stage III (35%)
Hydrant Flushing except
where needed for health
and safety; New
pools/spas prohibited
Yes
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Level
Demand
Reduction
Actions
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap? Additional Explanation
or Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
3 Other Percentage 50%
New or expanding
landscape is limited to
drought tolerant plants
such as trees, shrubs and
ground cover. No new turf,
or grass lawn to be
planted/laid/hydroseed.
Yes
4 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage 35% - 50%
Stage I (10%), Stage II
(25%) and Stage III
(35%)/Stage IV (50%):
Send out bi-weekly
messages to customers
on 40% water use
reduction from their
normal demand with
examples on how to
reduce water usage
Yes
4 Landscape -
Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 35% - 50%
Stage III (35%) Prohibit
landscape irrigation to 2
days per week or
less/Stage IV (50%)
Prohibit landscape
irrigation. Trees on a
dedicated irrigation zone
may continue to be
watered to maintain tree
health
Yes
4 Other Percentage 2%
Stage III (35%) Hydrant
Flushing prohibited except
where needed for health
and safety; New
pools/spas prohibited
Yes
5 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage 50%
Stage I (10%), Stage II
(25%), Stage III (35%) and
Stage IV (50%): Send out
bi-weekly messages to
customers on 50% water
use reduction with
examples on how to
reduce water usage
Yes
City of Fairfield, 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan DRAFT FINAL Page 5-8 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\appendixb_2025_fairfield_wscp_clean.docx Shortage
Level
Demand
Reduction
Actions
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap? Additional Explanation
or Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
5 Landscape -
Prohibit all
landscape
irrigation
Percentage 50%
Stage IV (50%) Prohibit
landscape irrigation. Trees
on a dedicated irrigation
zone may continue to be
watered but is limited to
low -flow or drip methods
Yes
5 Other Percentage 2%
Stage I (10%), Stage II
(25%), Stage III (35%) and
Stage IV (50%) Prohibit
new construction and
filling of pools/spas/all
aesthetic water features
Yes
6 Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage >50%
Stage I (10%), Stage II
(25%), Stage III (35%) and
Stage IV (50%): Send out
bi-weekly messages to
customers on >50% water
use reduction from their
normal demand with
examples on how to
reduce water usage
Yes
6 Landscape -
Prohibit all
landscape
irrigation
Percentage >50% Stage IV (50%) Prohibit all
landscape irrigation Yes
6 Other Percentage 2%-7%
Stage I (10%), Stage II
(25%), Stage III (35%) and
Stage IV (50%) Prohibit
new construction and
filling of pools/spas/all
aesthetic water features
Yes
Notes:
This table summarizes the demand reduction actions provided by the City of Fairfield. Section 7 provides a summary of the prohibitions, regulations and penalties for violating the Fairfield Municipal Code. The shortage gap reduction values are estimates from Fairfield experiences during 2014-2017 drought and Virginia Polytechnic Institute study which indicated that residential water-use ranged from 0-7% reduction when public information is used to communicate voluntary restrictions (Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 2006).
Penalties and fines are detailed in Section 7 as are specific prohibitions and other limitations detailed in Fairfield Municipal Code. The topics below summarize these prohibitions and limitations.
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5.2.1 Landscape Irrigation
The following categories of prohibition on landscape irrigation are listed in Error! Reference source not found. . The section below includes examples of restrictions or prohibitions that may fall within these categories.
Prohibit runoff from landscape irrigation – The wa tering of lawns, grass, ground cover, shrubbery, or trees in a manner that causes water to runoff onto adjacent property, non- irrigated areas, or hard surfaces, such as driveways, sidewalks, and streets, is not permitted.
Prohibit washing hard surfaces – The washing of si dewalks, walkways, driveways, parking lots, and all other hard surfaced areas by direct hosing is not permitted, except as may be necessary to protect public health and safety. Limit landscape irrigation to specific days of the week – Houses with even numbered addresses are permitted to irrigate ornamental landscapes and turf only on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Odd numbered addresses are permitted to irrigate ornamental landscapes and turf only on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Limit landscape irrigation to specific times – Irr igation of ornamental landscapes and turf is limited to before noon and after 6 pm.
Prohibit all landscape irrigation – During Stage I V (DWR Stages 5 and 6) condition, all landscape irrigation is prohibited, except with approved greywater use practices.
5.2.2 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII)
The following categories of prohibitions on CII are listed in Error! Reference source not found. . The section below includes examples of restrictions or prohibitions that may fall within these categories.
All irrigation restrictions apply to CII propertie s as well. Running water for washing of buildings, etc.
Lodging establishments must offer opt out of linen service – Lodging establishments are required to place notices in each room that inform the guest that they may opt out of linen service.
Restaurants may only serve water upon request by a customer.
5.2.3 Water Features and Swimming Pools
The following categories of prohibitions on water features are listed in Error! Reference source not found. . The section below includes examples of restrictions or prohibitions that may fall within these categories.
In Stage III (DWR Stage 3 or 4) drought restrictio ns, no new pools or spas will be permitted.
In a Stage IV (DWR Stages 5 and 6) drought restriction, no pools or spas should be re-filled.
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Decorative water features are defined as water features that serve no recreational or other use than decorative.
5.2.4 Other
The following categories of other prohibitions or restrictions are detailed in Error! Reference source not found. . The section below includes examples of restrictions or prohibitions that may fall within these categories.
Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and malfuncti ons in a timely manner; 24 hours after the leak has been discovered is considered a reasonable time period. Require hoses to have automatic shut off nozzles – The use of a hose to wash a motor vehicle is prohibited unless fitted with a shut-off nozzle or similar device that causes it to cease dispensing water immediately when not in use.
Prohibit use of potable water for washing hard sur faces – Washing impermeable surfaces such as sidewalks, walkways, driveways, parking lots, and all other hard surfaced areas is prohibited, except as may be necessary to protect the public health and safety.
5.3 Operational Changes
The City of Fairfield does not anticipate the need to implement major operational changes during drought events. The City does not anticipate needing to seek out other sources of water (such as groundwater and/or transfer/exchanges).
5.4 Additional Mandatory Prohibitions
The City has no proposed additional mandatory prohibitions. The existing prohibitions, summarized in Section 7, address the six shortage stages outlined in Table 4-1.
5.5 Effectiveness of Shortage Response Actions (by Water Shortage Stage)
The effectiveness of shortage response actions are estimated in Table 5-5 and will be evaluated annually. Demand projections and supply deliveries are analyzed monthly in order to determine if supplies are adequate and/or shortage response actions are adequate.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 214
Water Code Section 10632 (a)(5)
Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(C) Any other relevant communications
6.1 Current or Predicted Shortages
As discussed in Section 3, as the annual assessment is performed, if a shortage is anticipated, the Fairfield Public Works Director and City Manager will be notified and an informational item brought to City Council. Public outreach will be initiated depending on the severity and anticipated duration of the shortage.
6.2 Shortage Response Actions
The stages of drought response and required shortage response actions can be authorized by the City Manager in consultation with the Public Works Director and are not required to be approved by City Council. The necessary shortage responses can be implemented immediately upon the declaration of shortage.
6.3 Other Communications
The main means of communication between the City of Fairfield and its customers is through the City website. In the event of a shortage, any restrictions to water usage are clearly defined on the website. In the past, the City has also coordinated with other public works departments (such as fire and police) to distribute written notification to its customers, and sent press releases to local newspapers. The City is expanding its social media presence in order to facilitate communication through channels such as Facebook, NextDoor, Instagram and X.
Customers can monitor their own water use and the City has the ability to communicate directly with customers through a billing portal and/or e-mail.
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Prohibitions
From DWR Guidebook P. 215
Water Code Section 10632 (a)(6)
For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.
To enforce the conservation requirements, Fairfield has established penalties and charges contained in the Fairfield Municipal Code passed January 20, 2026, through Ordinance 2025-
13. In a water shortage emergency, City Council can implement these penalties to enforce water conservation and may establish, and adopt by resolution, additional fines and penalties for violations of the demand reduction actions. The City may also install flow restrictors for two months for customers with four or more demand reduction violations during a water shortage emergency, at the customer’s expense. If demand reduction violations occur within this two- month period, the City may continue to require the customer to use a flow restrictor for an additional two months. For additional details on the penalties, charges, and other enforcement of prohibitions, reference Chapter 22 Water Article 22.69 Enforcement and Penalties in Appendix A.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 216 and P. 217
Water Code Section 10632 (a)(7)
(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions.
(B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1. [see below]
(C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.
Water Code Section Division 1, Section 350
Declaration of water shortage emergency condition. The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.
8.1 Legal Authorities to Implement and Enforce Shortage Response Actions
Pursuant to the Fairfield Municipal Code Chapter 22 Article 22.68, City Council may declare a water shortage emergency and the appropriate stage and implement the associated restrictions after conducting a properly noticed public hearing. The Public Works Director has the discretion to determine whether to implement certain restrictions at an earlier stage and may recommend additional restrictions to City Council.
Fairfield will coordinate with Solano County for the possible proclamation of a local emergency if necessary and appropriate.
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Shortages
From DWR Guidebook P. 218
Water Code Section 10632(a)(8)
A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division 1. [retail urban suppliers only]
9.1 Revenue and Expenditure Impacts
Because of the high reliability of Solano Project Water, the City of Fairfield does not have a drought surcharge as a part of the current rate structure. Historically, the City has not observed any substantial drops in revenue during drought events.
If a shortage is declared, City staff will monitor revenue and expenditure plans each month to project whether revenue measures will be required to assure financial stability of the water utility.
9.2 Cost of Compliance with Water Code Ch. 3.3 (Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought)
Fairfield has a water waste ordinance that is in place at all times as well as penalties for violations of the Fairfield Municipal Code as described in Section 7. Based on the 2014 – 2017 drought, customer compliance was achieved voluntarily largely through public outreach and did not require significant additional staff time or cost. Fairfield was supported by the state-wide messaging regarding drought as well as broader regional messages from the Solano County Water Agency.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 223
Water Code Section 10632(a)(9)
For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.
10.1 Determining Water Shortage Reductions
The City of Fairfield fully meters production and consumption. Measurements, along with state- mandated requirements will be analyzed monthly if a shortage is declared to compare water usage between different stages of the WSCP to determine water shortages and conservation savings targets.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 224
Water Code Section 10632 (a)(10)
Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed.
The WSCP will be updated in parallel with the UWMP every five years (with the next update being in 2030). During this review, the City’s shortage stages will be reevaluated and adjusted as appropriate, and the required shortage response actions will be adjusted accordingly. The City will take into consideration the availability of water supplies and any projected increases in demand, and the effectiveness of shortage response actions.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 224
Water Code Section 10632 (b)
For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.
12.1 Defining Water Features
Fairfield has defined decorative water features as those that serve no recreational or other use than aesthetics.
Recreational water features include pools and spas that could be at individual homes or provide Community benefit at homeowners’ associations or public parks or other facilities
12.2 Restrictions on Usage
As described in Section 7, during a water shortage event, the following restrictions, from the Fairfield Municipal Code, are placed on special water features:
Decorative water features – may only use recycled water Recreational water features – may only use raw wat er Community amenities – to be evaluated on a case-by -case basis, considering supply constraints, impact on property values, impact on quality of life, and economic consequences.
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From DWR Guidebook P. 225
Water Code Section 10632 (c)
The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan
The resolution adopting the UWMP and the WSCP is attached herein. The City will make the WSCP available to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption.
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City of Fairfield, 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan DRAFT FINAL References 1 \\kjc.local\kjc-root\kj-projects\sacramento\2025\2568002.00_fairfield uwmp\09-reports\9.09-reports\working docs\final uwmp\final pdf\appendixb_2025_fairfield_wscp_clean.docx References
Fairfield Municipal Code, Chapter 22 - Water . City of Fairfield. 2025.
Forecasting Urban Demand, Second Edition. American Water Works Association. 2008.
M60 Drought Preparedness and Response, Second Edition . American Water Works Association. 2011.
The Effectiveness of Drought Management Programs in Reducing Residential Water-Use in Virginia. Virginia Water Resources Research Center. 2006.
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