FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels Project Name: 6750 Central Avenue ProjectProject Number: Scenario: Existing Plus ProjectLdn/CNEL: LdnAssumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening NightTotal ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06% Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy Ldn at Distance to Contour # Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 Ldn 65 Ldn 60 Ldn 55 Ldn1 Sycamore St Central Ave to Clark Ave 2 11 5,230 35 0 2.0% 1.0% 57.3 - - 54 171 2 Central Ave Morton Ave to Sycamore St 4 25 11,790 40 0 2.0% 1.0% 62.3 - - 169 536 3 Central Ave Sycamore St to West Project Driveway 4 25 14,440 40 0 2.0% 1.0% 63.2 - 66 207 656 4 Central Ave West Project Driveway to East Project Driveway 4 25 17,900 40 0 2.0% 1.0% 64.1 - 81 257 813 5 Central Ave East Project Driveway to Cherry St 4 25 19,010 40 0 2.0% 1.0% 64.4 - 86 273 864 1 Distance is from the centerline of the roadway segment to the receptor location. "-" = contour is located within the roadway right-of-way.
TRANSPORTATION IMPACT STUDY
6756 Central Avenue Project
PREPARED FOR:
PROLOGIS, INC.
MAY 2025 | FINAL
Prepared By:
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
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Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
CONTENTS
Contents .................................................................................................................................... iii Tables ........................................................................................................................................ iv Figures ....................................................................................................................................... iv Appendix .................................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... i Trip Generation ............................................................................................................................ i Project Impacts and Deficiencies .................................................................................................. i
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Study Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 1
2. Existing (2023) Conditions..................................................................................................... 7 Roadway Network ....................................................................................................................... 7 Study Intersection Lane Configuration and Traffic Control ........................................................... 8 Peak-Hour Turning Movement Volumes ...................................................................................... 8 Field Observations ...................................................................................................................... 8 Bicycle Facilities........................................................................................................................ 11 Transit Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 13
3. Project Description .............................................................................................................. 16 Proposed Site Use and Operations ........................................................................................... 16 Trip Generation ......................................................................................................................... 16 Project Trip Distribution and Assignment ................................................................................... 17
4. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) ............................................................................................. 21 VMT Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 21 VMT Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 21
5. Supplemental Traffic Operational Analysis .......................................................................... 22 Existing (2023) Conditions Analysis ........................................................................................... 22 Existing (2023) Plus Project Conditions Analysis ....................................................................... 22 Vehicle Queuing........................................................................................................................ 26
6. Site Access ......................................................................................................................... 27
7. Parking ................................................................................................................................ 32 Newark Parking Requirements .................................................................................................. 32
8. Conclusions and Recommendations Summary ................................................................... 34 Project Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 34 Project Impacts and Mitigations ................................................................................................. 35 Project Deficiencies................................................................................................................... 35 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................ 36 Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
TABLES
Table E1: Vehicle Queuing Analysis – Recommended Improvement .......................................... ii Table 1: Study Intersections ........................................................................................................4 Table 2: Intersection Level of Service Definitions ........................................................................5 Table 3: Existing Transit Service ...............................................................................................13 Table 4: Project Trip Generation ...............................................................................................17 Table 5: Existing and Existing Plus Project Level of Service Summary .....................................24 Table 6: Vehicle Queuing Analysis ............................................................................................26 Table 7: Vehicle Queuing Analysis – Recommended Improvement ..........................................26
FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Location and Study Intersections .....................................................................2 Figure 2: Project Site Plan...........................................................................................................3 Figure 3: Lane Geometry and Traffic Control ..............................................................................9 Figure 4: Existing Peak Hour Turning Movement Volumes........................................................10 Figure 5: Existing and Proposed Bicycle Facilities ....................................................................12 Figure 6: Existing Transit Service ..............................................................................................15 Figure 7: Project Trip Distribution ..............................................................................................18 Figure 8: Driveway Peak Hour Turning Movement Volumes .....................................................19 Figure 9: Net Project Peak Hour Turning Movement Volumes .................................................20 Figure 10: Existing Plus Project Peak Hour Turning Movement Volumes ..................................25 Figure 11: East Project Driveway Sight Distance ......................................................................30 Figure 12: West Project Driveway Sight Distance .....................................................................31
APPENDIX
A – EXISTING TRAFFIC COUNT DATA
B – ITE TRIP GENERATION COMPARISON
C – VMT PER EMPLOYEE SOUTH PLANNING AREA MAP
D – LEVEL OF SERVICE AND VEHICLE QUEUING CALCULATION
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following transportation impact study (TIS) has been prepared to determine potential Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) impacts and/or Level of Service (LOS) deficiencies associated with the 6756 Central Avenue Project (“Project”), a 315,390 square-foot industrial building. The proposed project would be located in Newark, California. The Project site is located at 6756 Central Avenue, which is to the south of Central Avenue and near Sycamore Street. The project proposes two unsignalized driveways on Central Avenue to the east of Sycamore Street.
This TIS addresses the Project’s VMT and LOS effects in order to assist the City of Newark (“City”) with planning and the identification of conditions of approval, and to mitigate the Project’s VMT impacts or improve identified LOS deficiencies, if necessary.
TRIP GENERATION
Since the project does not have a tenant yet, the developer would like the most flexibility within the uses of ITE Land Use 760 (Research and Development), ITE Land Use 140 (Manufacturing), ITE Land Use 150 (Warehousing), and ITE Land Use 155 (High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse-Sort). The Project’s proposed trip generation was based on the highest trip generating land use; therefore, the equation for Research and Development (R&D) was used for the daily and AM peak hour and the rate for High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse-Sort was used for the PM peak hour, from the Institute of Transportation Engineer’s (ITE) publication, Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition. Since there is no available truck trip data for a R&D facility in the daily and AM peak hour and as a conservative approach for the PM peak hour, the highest truck trip generation from the land uses considered, Manufacturing, was used for all time periods.
The number of passenger vehicles was determined by subtracting the number of truck trips from the total vehicle trips calculated from the R&D and High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse-Sort land uses. A Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) of 2.0 was used for trips associated with trucks. Existing trip credits were taken by collecting driveway counts for the existing use. Daily counts were not collected and were calculated based on the assumption that PM peak hour trips account for 10 percent of the daily trips. The existing site generates a total of 110 daily trips, 11 AM peak hour trips (7 inbound and 4 outbound), and 11 PM peak hour trips (1 inbound and 10 outbound). The existing trips were removed from the driveways and study network under plus project conditions.
The Project is expected to generate a net new 3,339 daily PCE trips, a total of 303 AM peak hour PCE trips (248 inbound and 55 outbound), and 376 PM peak hour PCE trips (151 inbound and 225 outbound).
PROJECT IMPACTS AND DEFICIENCIES
The following summarizes the transportation impacts and project deficiencies, related to the proposed project in the study area. Transportation impacts are based on vehicle miles traveled and not intersection level of service. However, intersection level of service deficiencies without the project and under project conditions were also identified and summarized to identify operational deficiencies outside of CEQA impacts.
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VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT)
Per guidance provided by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA1, the threshold for employment-based VMT uses is set at 15 percent below the regional average. The City of Newark does not have an established VMT criteria, and therefore the OPR recommended thresholds were used. Based on the VMT per Employee map for the South Planning Area provided by the Alameda County Transportation Commission (ACTC), the target VMT is 14.6 (or 15 percent below 17.2 VMT per employee for the South Planning Area). Also based on the ACTC map, the project is located in an area with a VMT equal to 14.02 VMT per employee. Therefore, the project VMT of 14.02 VMT per employee is less than the target VMT of 14.6 VMT per employee and the project would result in a less than significant impact.
PROJECT AND INTERSECTION DEFICIENCIES
Although intersection level of service and queuing are not considered for CEQA impact, each of these transportation measures of effectiveness were evaluated for transportation operational deficiencies. The development of the proposed project and resulting traffic generation would result in no LOS operations deficiencies.
However, the project would result in a queuing deficiency at the northbound left-turn lane of intersection #5 (Cherry Street and Central Avenue) in the Existing Plus Project Conditions. The project increases the 95th percentile queue by more than 25 feet under plus project conditions and the queue under no project conditions exceeds the available storage length. To address the queuing deficiency in the AM and PM peak hours, it is recommended that a twice per cycle left-turn phase be provided for the northbound left-turn lane.
The signal timing splits should be adjusted accordingly and with the recommended improvement, the project would add less than 25 feet of queue to the movement in comparison to Existing Conditions. A summary of the recommended improvement and 95th percentile queuing is shown in Table E1.
Table E1: Vehicle Queuing Analysis – Recommended Improvement # Intersection Control Movement
Storage
Length
(ft)
Scenario
AM Peak PM Peak
95th
Percentile
Queue
Variance
95th
Percentile
Queue
Variance
5 Cherry Street/
Central Avenue Signal NBL 210
Existing 652 - 614 -
Existing Plus Project 855 203 729 115
Existing Plus Project
(with Improvement) 573 -79 629 15
Note: NBL=northbound left. Queue lengths greater than queue storage are bolded and queuing deficiencies are highlighted. 1 Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA, Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, December 2018.
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1. INTRODUCTION
The following transportation impact study (TIS) has been prepared to determine potential Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) impacts and/or Level of Service (LOS) deficiencies associated with the 6756 Central Avenue Project (“Project”), a 315,390 square-foot industrial building. The proposed project would be located in Newark, California. The Project site is located at 6756 Central Avenue, which is to the south of Central Avenue and near Sycamore Street. The project proposes two unsignalized driveways on Central Avenue to the east of Sycamore Street.
Figure 1 illustrates the location of the project site in relation to the adjacent roadway network. The project proposes two unsignalized access driveways on Central Avenue. The eastern driveway is intended for truck access and the western driveway is intended for passenger car access. The site plan is presented in Figure
2. This TIS addresses the Project’s VMT and LOS effects in order to assist the City of Newark (“City”) with planning and the identification of conditions of approval, and to mitigate the Project’s VMT impacts or improve identified LOS deficiencies, if necessary.
STUDY METHODOLOGY
With the passage of SB 743, Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) has become an important indicator for determining if a new development will result in a “significant transportation impact” under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). This report summarizes the VMT analysis and resultant findings for the proposed development.
VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT)
The Alameda County Transportation Commission (ACTC) was developed to implement transportation programs and project across Alameda County. One of its responsibilities is to develop and manage the Countywide travel demand model, which is used for estimating future volumes and VMT based on future land uses and the future roadway network. ACTC has developed maps displaying estimates of VMT per employee based on traffic analysis zone (TAZ) estimates from the Alameda Countywide Travel Demand Model that were used to determine if the project would cause a significant impact.
The City does not have a specified VMT criteria, and therefore per guidance provided by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA, the threshold for employment-based VMT uses is set at 15 percent below the regional average.
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue Cherry Street Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street FIGURE 1 STUDY AREA AND INTERSECTIONS Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 8 N I A L I FOR CA 84 PRO-ECT SITE X LEGEND EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS 10* X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS December 2023 FIGURE 2 SITE PLAN Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N Source -AC.SON LILES ARCHITECTURE December 2023
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 4
SUPPLEMENTAL TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ANALYSIS
A supplemental traffic operations analysis was conducted to evaluate the Project’s effect on LOS operations within the project’s vicinity.
Study Area
The Project would generate new vehicular trips that would increase traffic volumes on the nearby street network. To assess changes in traffic conditions associated with the proposed project, the intersections in Table 1 were evaluated. Figure 1 illustrates the location of each intersection relative to the project site. The two (2) project driveways are also included as study intersections.
Table 1: Study Intersections
# Intersection
1 Thornton Avenue and SR-84 EB Ramps
2 Thornton Avenue and Hickory Street
3 Central Avenue and Filbert Avenue
4 Central Avenue and Morton Avenue
5 Central Avenue and Cherry Street
6 Cherry Street and Robertson Avenue
7 Cherry Street and Moores Avenue
8 Central Avenue and Sycamore Avenue
9 Central Avenue and East Project Driveway
10 Central Avenue and West Project Driveway
Analysis Scenarios
Two (2) scenarios were analyzed as part of the supplemental traffic operations analysis, listed below:
§ Existing conditions – Based on existing traffic counts collected in April 2023 and May 2023. At the time counts were collected, the 7380 Morton Avenue Project was at 64 percent occupancy.
Therefore, only a portion of the trips generated by the Morton Avenue Project are accounted for in the existing counts. As a conservative approach, the remaining 36 percent of Morton Avenue Project trips were added to the existing 2023 counts to develop Existing conditions volumes. The existing roadway geometry and traffic control was assumed. § Existing plus project traffic conditions – Based on Existing conditions plus the traffic generated by the Project.
Intersection Level of Service
The LOS of an intersection is a qualitative measure used to describe operational conditions. LOS ranges from A (best), which represents minimal delay, to F (worst), which represents heavy delay and a facility that is operating at or near its functional capacity. Levels of service for this study were determined using methods defined in the Highway Capacity Manual, 6th Edition (HCM 6) within the Synchro 11 traffic analysis software.
The HCM includes procedures for analyzing side-street stop-controlled (SSSC), all-way stop-controlled (AWSC), and signalized intersections. The SSSC procedure defines LOS as the highest delay of each Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 5
minor street movement or major street left turns. Conversely, the AWSC and signalized intersection procedures define LOS as a function of average control delay for the entire intersection. Table 2 relates the operational characteristics associated with each LOS category for signalized and unsignalized intersections.
According to the City of Newark, the level of service standard for intersections is LOS D. Therefore, project deficiencies were considered if:
· The addition of project traffic causes a signalized intersection to:
o Operate at LOS E or F overall, or
o Adds four (4) seconds of delay to an intersection already operating at LOS E or F under the comparable No Project scenario
· The addition of project traffic causes an unsignalized intersection to:
o Operate at LOS E or F overall, or
o Adds four (4) seconds of delay to an intersection already operating at LOS E or F under the comparable No Project scenario and California MUTCD Signal Warrant 3A or 3B is met for the impacted peak hour
Table 2: Intersection Level of Service Definitions
Level of
Service Description
Signalized
(Avg. control
delay per vehicle
sec/veh.)
Unsignalized
(Avg. control
delay per vehicle
sec/veh.)
A
Free flow with no delays. Users are virtually
unaffected by others in the traffic stream [ 10 [ 10
B
Stable traffic. Traffic flows smoothly with few
delays. $ 10 – 20 $ 10 – 15
C
Stable flow but the operation of individual
users becomes affected by other vehicles.
Modest delays.
$ 20 – 35 $ 15 – 25
D
Approaching unstable flow. Operation of
individual users becomes significantly affected
by other vehicles. Delays may be more than
one cycle during peak hours.
$ 35 – 55 $ 25 – 35
E
Unstable flow with operating conditions at or
near the capacity level. Long delays and
vehicle queuing.
$ 55 – 80 $ 35 – 50
F
Forced or breakdown flow that causes reduced
capacity. Stop and go traffic conditions.
Excessive long delays and vehicle queuing.
$ 80 $ 50
Sources: Transportation Research Board, Highway Capacity Manual 2016, National Research Council, 2016.
The following assumptions were included in the analysis:
· Peak-hour factor (PHF) based on the existing traffic data was used for the Existing (2023) and Existing plus Project (2023) scenarios.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 6
· Traffic signal timing assumptions for Existing (2023) conditions were based on existing signal timing sheets provided by the City, existing signal phasing and existing traffic volumes. · Percent of heavy vehicles (PHV) based on a default value of 2 percent.
Vehicle Queuing
Queues that exceed the turn pocket length can create potentially hazardous conditions by blocking or disrupting through traffic in adjacent travel lanes. The effect of vehicle queuing was analyzed by reporting the 95th percentile queues for turning movements where the project would add substantial number of trips.
The 95th percentile queue length represents a condition where 95 percent of the time during the peak hour, traffic queues will be less than or equal to the queue length determine by the analysis. This is referred to as the “95th percentile queue”, which is less than the average queuing. For signalized intersections, the 95th percentile queue length was determined based on queue length calculation within the Synchro 11 traffic analysis software. For unsignalized intersections, the 95th percentile queue length was determined using HCM 6 methodology.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 7
2. EXISTING (2023) CONDITIONS
This chapter describes the existing conditions of the roadway network, traffic volumes, transit service, pedestrian facilities, and bicycle facilities within the vicinity of the project site.
ROADWAY NETWORK
In the City of Newark General Plan, roadways within the study area are designated as freeway, arterial, collector, or local road. This section provides a description of the specific roadways included in this study.
FREEWAYS
State Route 84 (SR 84) is an east-west freeway that spans across the San Francisco Bay, connecting to SR 1 to the west and Interstate 580 to the east. Within the study area, SR 84 is a six-lane freeway divided with a median. The posted speed limit is 65 mph.
ARTERIALS
Thornton Avenue is a two- to four-lane arterial spanning from SR 84 to the west and turns into SR 84 to the east. The roadway provides access to the commercial and residential areas within Newark. Thornton Avenue is a designated truck route. The posted speed limit is 45 mph between SR 84 and Willow Street and 35 mph east of Willow Street.
Central Avenue is a two- to four-lane arterial between Willow Street and Fremont Boulevard. The roadway serves commercial, industrial, and residential land uses and is divided by a two way left-turn lane (TWLTL).
Central Avenue is a designated truck route. In the future, the City plans to reconfigure the roadway from atgrade to elevated from west of Morton Avenue to east of Sycamore Street. This improvement has been considered in the future analysis. The posted speed limit is 40 mph within the study area.
Cherry Street is a four-lane arterial divided by a TWLTL. The roadway provides access to industrial, commercial, and residential uses. Cherry Street is a designated truck route. It spans from Mirabeau Drive to the north and Stevenson Boulevard to the south. In the study area, the posted speed limit is 45 mph.
COLLECTORS
Filbert Street is a two-lane, north-south collector from Carter Avenue to Central Avenue. The roadway provides access to industrial and residential land uses. Filbert Street is a designated truck route. The posted speed limit is 35 mph.
Sycamore Street is a two-lane, north-south collector divided by a TWLTL from Central Avenue to Mayhews Landing Road. The roadway provides access to residential land uses. Sycamore Street is a designated truck route. Within the study area, the posted speed limit along is 35 mph.
Robertson Avenue is a two-lane undivided collector from Cherry Street to Cedar Boulevard. The roadway provides access to industrial, commercial, and residential land uses. Within the study area, the posted speed limit along is 25 mph.
Moores Avenue is a two-lane undivided collector from Cherry Street to Cedar Boulevard. The roadway provides access to industrial, commercial, and residential land uses. Within the study area, the posted speed limit along is 25 mph.
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LOCAL ROADS
Hickory Street is a two-lane undivided local street. Hickory Street connects to Thornton Avenue and Railroad Avenue. The roadway serves office and industrial land uses. There is no posted speed limit, but it was assumed that the speed limit is 25 mph.
Morton Avenue a two-lane undivided local street. Morton Avenue connects to Central to the north. The roadway serves industrial land uses. There is no posted speed limit, but it was assumed that the speed limit is 25 mph.
STUDY INTERSECTION LANE CONFIGURATION AND TRAFFIC CONTROL The intersection lane configuration and traffic controls, as of June 2023, are illustrated in Figure 3.
PEAK-HOUR TURNING MOVEMENT VOLUMES
Intersection turning movement volumes for the study intersections were collected on Tuesday, May 16, 2023 for all intersections except for Central Avenue and Cherry Street, which was collected on Tuesday, April 18, 2023. All counts were collected before local schools started summer break. Volumes were collected between 7:00 AM – 9:00 AM to capture the AM peak periods, and between 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM for the PM peak periods. As mentioned previously, the 7380 Morton Avenue Project was at 64 percent occupancy at the time counts were collected based on information provided by the City’s Economic Development Manager. Therefore, only a portion of the trips generated by the Morton Avenue Project are accounted for in the collected counts. As a conservative approach, the remaining 36 percent of the Morton Avenue Project trips were derived from the 7380 Morton Transportation Impact Assessment Report, by Fehr and Peers, dated March 13, 2018 (Morton TIA), and added to existing 2023 counts to develop Existing conditions volumes.
Existing peak hour turning movement volumes are shown in Figure 4. Existing traffic volume data sheets are provided in Appendix A.
FIELD OBSERVATIONS
The study intersections were observed during the AM and PM peak hours. For certain intersections, there are lanes wide enough for a right-turning vehicle to bypass other vehicles in the shared through-right or shared left-through-right lane. These movements are considered de facto right turns and they have been analyzed with an exclusive right-turn lane to represent the in-field conditions more accurately. The following movements have been analyzed with a de facto right-turn lane:
· Intersection #2—Thornton Avenue/Hickory Street (eastbound right) · Intersection #5—Central Avenue/Cherry Street (southbound right and northbound right) · Intersection #6—Cherry Street/Robertson Avenue (southbound right, eastbound right, and northbound right)
· Intersection #7—Cherry Street/Moores Avenue (eastbound right and northbound right) In addition, it was also confirmed that the delays at intersection #6 and #7 for the minor street approaches were consistent with the high delays output by Synchro. Delays up to 150 seconds were observed on the minor road due to the high speed and volumes along Cherry Street.
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue Cherry Street Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street N NOT TO SCALE LEGEND PRO-ECT SITE X EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS Newark Prologis TIA N FIGURE 3 LANE GEOMETRY AND TRAFFIC CONTROL N I A ALI FOR C 84 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 130' 50' 120' 215'
210' *
85'
50' Central Avenue
Cherry St Thornton Ave Central Ave
Hickory St
Filbert St Cherry St Robertson Ave Central Ave
Sycamore St
Cherry St Moores Ave Central Ave Central Ave DROP DROP LANE TRAFFIC SIGNAL STOP SIGN STORAGE LENGTH STOP XX' * STRIPED AS SHARED THROUGH/RIGHT TURN LANE, ANALYZED AS SEPARATE DE FACTO RIGHT TURN LANE DROP STOP
STOP
DROP
Thornton Ave
SR-84 EB Off Ramp
DROP # STOP STOP 210' 210' CHANNELIZED RIGHT TURN * * Redeker Pl * 115'
STOP
STOP
TWLTL *
East Project Dwy 50' STOP
DROP 180'
Morton Ave DROP * # # STRIPED AS SHARED LEFT/THROUGH/RIGHT TURN LANE, ANALYZED AS SEPARATE DE FACTO RIGHT TURN LANE TWLTL TWO-WAY LEFT-TURN LANE 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* 10* Central AveWest Project Dwy 50' STOP X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS December 2023 Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue Cherry Street Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street N NOT TO SCALE Newark Prologis TIA FIGURE 4 EXISTING PEA. HOUR TURNING MO9EMENT 9OLUMES N I A ALI FOR C 84 LEGEND XX(YY) AM(PM) PEA. HOUR 9OLUME PRO-ECT SITE X EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* Central Avenue Cherry St Thornton Ave Central Ave
Hickory St
Filbert St Cherry St Robertson Ave Central Ave
Sycamore St
Cherry St Moores Ave Central Ave Central Ave
Thornton Ave
SR-84 EB Off Ramp Redeker Pl
East Project Dwy
Morton Ave Central Ave
West Project Dwy
336(794)
1(0)
139(1085)
4(16)
584(327)
191(144)
1076(907) 1 16(2) 620(474) 25(6) 528(836)
3(37)
6(29) 2 281(169) 164(158) 230(474) 7(21)
35(12)
189(154) 3 20(9) 447(315)
8(3)
412(611)
9(29)
1(8) 4 465(165) 198(116) 55(68) 573(568) 154(326) 15(18) 25(19)
530(321)
91(100)
371(412)
334(623)
196(515) 5 6(5) 0(1) 32(16) 4(7) 5(11)
3(11)
1568(1015)
14(29)
40(47)
869(1512)
4(5) 6 5(2) 42(26)
22(55)
3(6)
10(6)
1549(1013)
17(41)
1(20)
862(1528)
32(10) 7 436(311) 102(211) 453(680) 6(10)
15(11)
287(183) 8 3(4) 541(521)
1(1)
746(862)
0(1)
0(6) 9 541(522)
747(863) 10* December 2023
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 11
BICYCLE FACILITIES
Figure 5 illustrates existing and proposed facilities in the study area. Class I bicycle facilities are bike paths/trails, Class II bicycle facilities are defined as bike lanes, and Class III bicycle facilities are bike routes/boulevards.
Within the project study area, there are Class I, II, and III bicycle facilities along the following corridors:
· Class I bike paths:
o Along railroad tracks from Newark Boulevard to Cedar Boulevard o Birch Street from Robertson Avenue to Smith Ave
· Class II bike lanes:
o Thornton Avenue from SR 84 to Spruce Street
o Jarvis Avenue from Thornton Avenue to Lake Boulevard
o Newark Boulevard from Jarvis Avenue to Cedar Boulevard o Cedar Boulevard from Haley Street to Newark Boulevard o Cedar Boulevard from Robertson Avenue to Balentine Drive o Haley Street from Cedar Boulevard to Sycamore Street
o Sycamore Street from Haley Street to Central Ave
o Newark Boulevard from Bellhaven Avenue to Central Avenue o Cherry Street from Central Avenue to Balentine Drive
o Filbert Street from railroad tracks to Enterprise Drive o Willow Street from Peachtree Avenue to Central Avenue o Enterprise Drive from Willow Street to Central Avenue o Central Avenue from Willow Street to Morton Avenue
· Class III bike routes:
o Central Avenue from Cherry Street to Birch Street
In addition to existing facilities, there are future proposed bike facilities throughout the study area. See Figure 5 for the locations of future bike facilities.
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue
Cherry Street
Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street FIGURE 5 EXISTING AND PROPOSED BICYCLE FACILITIES Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N N I A L I FOR CA 84 PRO-ECT SITE EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS CLASS II BICYCLE LANE CLASS III BICYCLE ROUTE CLASS I BICYCLE PATH XX* LEGEND CLASS I9 SEPERATED BICYCLE PATH CLASS III BICYCLE BOULE9ARD PROPOSED FACILITIES ARE DASHED 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* December 2023 Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 13
TRANSIT FACILITIES
Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) provides transit services in the study area. Figure 6 illustrates the existing transit services within the study area and are described in this section. Table 3 provides a summary of the existing transit service in the study area.
Table 3: Existing Transit Service
Route Description
Weekdays Weekends
Operating Hours Headway1
(minutes) Operating Hours Headway1(minutes)
200 Decoto-Newark Blvd.-Mowry 6:08 AM – 12:33 AM 20 6:13 AM – 12:53 AM 20 251 Paseo Padre-Thornton-Cherry 6:35 AM – 7:34 PM 60 6:41 AM – 7:34 PM 60 620 Newark Jr. High-Cedar
7:41 AM – 8:03 AM
2:04 PM – 2:25 PM (F)
3:10 PM – 3:31 PM (M, Tu, W, Th)
- - -
626 Newark Memorial-Newark Blvd. 7:48 AM – 8:10 AM
3:39 PM – 3:57 PM - - -
628 Newark Memorial-Cedar 7:52 AM – 8:10 AM
3:39 PM – 3:57 PM - - -
629 Newark Memorial-Cherry-Haley 7:47 AM – 8:10 AM
3:39 PM – 4:02 PM - - -
Notes:
1 Headways are defined as the time between transit vehicles on the same route.
Route 200 (Decoto-Newark Blvd.-Mowry) operates between the Union City Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station and the Fremont BART station. Route 200 operates on weekdays between 6:08 AM and 12:33 AM of the next day on 20-minute headways and on weekends between 6:13 AM and 12:53 AM of the next day on 20-minute headways. The route runs along Thornton Avenue, Filbert Street, Central Avenue, Cedar Boulevard, and Mowry Avenue in Newark. The nearest bus stop to the project site is located at the intersection of Central Avenue and Sycamore Street.
Route 251 (Fremont Blvd-Pacific Commons) operates between Ohlone College and the Fremont BART station on the weekdays. Route 251 operates on weekdays between 6:35 AM and 7:34 PM on 60-minute headways. On weekends, route 251 runs between Silliman Recreation Center and the Fremont BART station. Weekend operation hours are between 6:41 AM and 7:34 PM on 60-minute headways. The route runs along Cherry Street, Central Avenue, and Thornton Avenue in Newark. The nearest bus stop to the project site is located at the intersection of Cherry Street and Central Avenue.
Route 620 (Newark Jr. High-Cedar) operates on weekday mornings between Cedar Boulevard and Stevenson Boulevard to Newark Jr. High School from 7:41 AM to 8:03 AM. The route operates on weekday afternoons, except for Fridays, from Newark Jr. High School to Cedar Boulevard and Stevenson Boulevard from 3:10 PM to 3:31 PM. The route operates on weekday Friday afternoons from Newark Jr. High School to Cedar Boulevard and Stevenson Boulevard from 2:04 PM to 2:25 PM. Route 620 does not run on weekends. Route 620 runs along Newark Boulevard, Cherry Street, Thornton Avenue, Sycamore Street, Central Avenue, and Cedar Boulevard. The nearest bus stop to the project site is located at the intersection of Central Avenue and Sycamore Street.
Route 626 (Newark Memorial-Newark Blvd.) operates on weekday mornings between the Lido Faire Shopping Center and Newark Memorial High School from 7:48 AM to 8:10 AM. The route operates on Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 14
weekday afternoons from Newark Memorial High School to Lido Faire Shopping Center from 3:39 PM to 3:57 PM. Route 626 does not run on weekends. Route 626 runs along Newark Boulevard, Central Avenue, and Cedar Boulevard. The nearest bus stop to the project site is located at the intersection of Central Avenue and Birch Street.
Route 628 (Newark Memorial-Cedar) operates on weekday mornings between the Lido Faire Shopping Center and Newark Memorial High School from 7:52 AM to 8:10 AM. The route operates on weekday afternoons from Newark Memorial High School to Lido Faire Shopping Center from 3:39 PM to 3:56 PM.
Route 628 does not run on weekends. Route 626 runs along Cedar Boulevard. The nearest bus stop to the project site is located at the intersection of Central Avenue and Cedar Boulevard.
Route 629 (Newark Memorial-Cherry-Haley) operates on weekday mornings between the Lido Faire Shopping Center and Newark Memorial High School from 7:47 AM to 8:10 AM. The route operates on weekday afternoons from Newark Memorial High School to Lido Faire Shopping Center from 3:39 PM to 4:02 PM. Route 629 does not run on weekends. Route 629 runs along Newark Boulevard, Cherry Street, Thornton Avenue, Sycamore Street, Central Avenue, Mowry Avenue, Haley Street, Lido Boulevard, James Avenue and Cedar Boulevard. The nearest bus stop to the project site is located at the intersection of Cherry Street and Central Avenue.
It should be noted that Routes 620, 626, 628, and 629 are school routes and do not operate in the summer.
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue
Cherry Street
Morton Avenue Hickory Street Filbert Street
Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Sycamore Street FIGURE 6 EXISTING TRANSIT FACILITIES Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N N I A L I FOR CA 84 PRO-ECT SITE X EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS ROUTE 628 ROUTE 620 ROUTE 629 ROUTE 200 ROUTE 251 ROUTE 626 LEGEND 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONSDecember 2023 Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 16
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This chapter presents a description of the proposed site use, trip generation, trip distribution, and trip assignment.
PROPOSED SITE USE AND OPERATIONS
The proposed project consists of a 315,390 square-foot industrial building. The proposed project would be located in Newark, California. The Project site is located at 6756 Central Avenue, which is to the south of Central Avenue and near Sycamore Street. The project proposes two unsignalized driveways on Central Avenue to the east of Sycamore Street. The eastern driveway is intended for truck access and the western driveway is intended for passenger car access. The site plan is presented in Figure 2.
It should be noted that the project site is located adjacent to a future roadway improvement that will be constructed by the City. The roadway project includes elevating Central Avenue from west of Morton Avenue to east of Sycamore Street. The elevated roadway will connect to the existing grade just to the west of the west project driveway and therefore will not impact the two project driveways.
TRIP GENERATION
Since the project does not have a tenant yet, the developer would like the most flexibility within the uses of ITE Land Use 760 (Research and Development), ITE Land Use 140 (Manufacturing), ITE Land Use 150 (Warehousing), and ITE Land Use 155 (High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse-Sort). A comparison of the generated trips per land use can be found in Appendix B. The Project’s proposed trip generation was based on the highest trip generating land use; therefore, the equation for Research and Development was used for the daily and AM peak hour and the rate for High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse-Sort was used for the PM peak hour, from the Institute of Transportation Engineer’s (ITE) publication, Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition. Since there is no available truck trip data for a R&D facility in the daily and AM peak hour and as a conservative approach for the PM peak hour, the highest truck trip generation from the land uses considered, Manufacturing, was used for all time periods. The number of passenger vehicles was determined by subtracting the number of truck trips from the total vehicle trips calculated from the R&D and High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse-Sort land uses. A Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) of 2.0 was used for trips associated with trucks. Existing trip credits were taken by collecting driveway counts to account for trips currently generated from the existing use. Daily counts were not collected and were calculated based on the assumption that PM peak hour trips account for 10 percent of the daily trips. The existing site generates a total of 110 daily trips, 11 AM peak hour trips (7 inbound and 4 outbound), and 11 PM peak hour trips (1 inbound and 10 outbound). The existing trips were removed from the driveways and study network under plus project conditions.
The Project is expected to generate a net new 3,339 daily PCE trips, a total of 303 AM peak hour PCE trips (248 inbound and 55 outbound), and 376 PM peak hour PCE trips (151 inbound and 225 outbound).
Table 4 shows the anticipated net new daily traffic, AM, peak hour, and PM peak hour traffic generated.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 17
Table 4: Project Trip Generation
Vehicle Type Daily AM PM
In Out Total In Out Total
Existing (Driveway Counts)
Total Veh 1101 7 4 11 1 10 11
Proposed2
Daily and AM Peak Hour – ITE: Research & Development LU 760 PM Hour – ITE: High Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse – Sort LU 155 Trucks – ITE: Manufacturing LU 140
Total Veh 3,307 250 55 305 148 230 378
PC 3,165 245 51 296 144 225 369
Truck (ITE) 142 5 4 9 4 5 9
Truck (PCE3) 284 10 8 18 8 10 18
Net Total 3,339 248 55 303 151 225 376
Source: Kimley-Horn (2023)
1Daily counts not provided. Daily trips were calculated based on the assumption that PM peak hour trips account for 10 percent of the daily trips.
2Fitted curve equation for ITE LU 760 (Research and Development) used to develop daily and AM peak hour passenger car trips.
Average rate for ITE LU 155 (High Cube-Sort) used to develop PM peak hour passenger car trips. Average rate for ITE LU 140 (Manufacturing) used to develop all truck trips.
3PCE = Passenger Car Equivalent
PROJECT TRIP DISTRIBUTION AND ASSIGNMENT
The Project’s trip distribution was based on the distribution in the Morton TIA. Figure 7 shows the resulting general project traffic distribution assumed for the LOS analysis for the Existing plus Project scenario.
Based on the assumed trip distribution, the volumes generated by the project were assigned to the street network. Trip assignment to the project driveways was based on access type for each respective driveway.
The eastern driveway is intended for truck access and the western driveway is intended for passenger car access. The trips generated from the existing use currently utilize an existing driveway that is between intersections #8 and #10. Therefore, when existing trip credits were subtracted from the proposed trips, it resulted in negative net project trips at intersection #9 in the northbound right-turn movement and intersection #11 in the westbound left-turn movement. Figure 8 presents driveway peak hour trip assignment based on the existing driveway counts and proposed project trips. Figure 9 presents the net project peak hour trip assignment, which was determined by subtracting the existing trip credit volumes from the proposed project volumes.
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue Cherry Street Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street FIGURE 7 PRO-ECT TRIP DISTRIBUTION Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N N I A L I FOR CA 84 PRO-ECT SITE X LEGEND EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS XX TRIP DISTRIBUTION 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS December 2023 Central Avenue
Sycamore Street N NOT TO SCALE Newark Prologis TIA FIGURE 8 DRI9EWAY PEA. HOUR TURNING MO9EMENT 9OLUMES LEGEND XX(YY) AM(PM) PEA. HOUR 9OLUME PRO-ECT SITE X EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS 9 10* Central Ave East Project Dwy Central Ave
West Project Dwy
3(4)4(0)
1(1)
10(0)
0(1)
0(6) 9 4(1) 11(1) 10* 11^ Central Ave
Existing Use Dwy
4(0)0(1)
3(0)1(1)
10(0)
1(0) 11^ EXISTING TRIP CREDIT TRIPS PROPOSED PRO-ECT TRIPS X^ REMO9ED EXISTING INTERSECTIONS (NOT STUDIED) Central Ave 14(51) 51(9) 11^ Central Ave East Project Dwy Central Ave
West Project Dwy
8(7)197(35)
2(1)
39(190)
3(3)
7(9) 9 197(35) 3(3) 49(8) 2(1)
39(190)
11(48) 10*NET PRO-ECT TRIPS Central Ave 14(50)
50(8) 11^ Central Ave
East Project Dwy Central Ave
West Project Dwy
5(3)193(35)
1(0)
29(190)
3(2)
7(3) 9 197(35) -1(2) 49(8) -9(0)
39(190)
11(48) 10* December 2023
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue Cherry Street Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street N NOT TO SCALE Newark Prologis TIA FIGURE 9 NET PRO-ECT PEA. HOUR TURNING MO9EMENT 9OLUMES N I A ALI FOR C 84 LEGEND XX(YY) AM(PM) PEA. HOUR 9OLUME PRO-ECT SITE X EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* Central Avenue Cherry St Thornton Ave Central Ave
Hickory St
Filbert St Cherry St Robertson Ave Central Ave
Sycamore St
Cherry St Moores Ave Central Ave Central Ave
Thornton Ave
SR-84 EB Off Ramp Redeker Pl
East Project Dwy
Morton Ave Central Ave
West Project Dwy
35(6)
12(2)
13(50) 1 13(50) 47(8) 2 13(50) 47(8) 3 13(50)
47(8) 4 111(22)
18(85)
18(108)
87(16) 5
18(85)
87(16) 6
18(85)
87(16) 7 13(50) 47(8) 8 5(3) 193(35) 1(0) 29(190)
3(2)
7(3) 9 197(35) -1(2)
49(8)
-9(0)
39(190)
11(48) 10* December 2023
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 21
4. VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT)
This chapter summarizes the Project’s Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) methodology, analysis, and results.
VMT METHODOLOGY
The City has not yet adopted VMT guidelines or a methodology for determining VMT impacts. Therefore, the Project’s VMT evaluation relied on guidance provided by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA2 to determine potential impacts under Senate Bill (SB) 743. It should be noted that the ACTC VMT tools and maps are consistent with OPR methodology and the recommended 15 percent below countywide average threshold. The approach outlined by the OPR Technical Advisory does not specifically address industrial facilities. For the purposes of this analysis, it is assumed that the project will be evaluated based on VMT per employee since the predominant driver of VMT for the proposed Project would be commute trips and other employee-based trips. This approach is consistent with OPR guidelines which states, “where methodologies exist that can estimate the full extent of vehicle miles traveled from a project, the lead agency should apply them to do so”.
VMT ANALYSIS
The ACTC has developed maps displaying estimates of VMT per employee based on traffic analysis zone (TAZ) estimates from the Alameda Countywide Travel Demand Model. Based on the VMT per Employee map for the South Planning Area shown in Appendix C, the project is located in an area with a VMT equal to 14.02.
Per guidance provided by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA2, the threshold for employment-based VMT uses is set at 15 percent below the regional average. Compared to the South Planning Area Average, the target VMT is 14.6 (which is 15 percent below the 17.2 VMT per employee) and therefore the project would result in a less than significant VMT impact.
2 Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA, Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, December 2018.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 22
5. SUPPLEMENTAL TRAFFIC OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS
This chapter discusses the supplemental traffic operational analysis to determine the effects of the proposed project on the transportation system, including LOS and vehicle queuing analyses.
EXISTING (2023) CONDITIONS ANALYSIS
Existing (2023) conditions analysis is based on traffic shown in Figure 4 as well as existing roadway geometry, and traffic controls, shown in Figure 3, as of June 2023. Table 5 displays the intersection LOS analysis results under Existing (2023) Conditions. All study intersections function within acceptable LOS standards under this analysis scenario, except for the following intersections:
· #6 – Cherry St/Robertson Ave (AM and PM peak hours)
· #7 – Cherry St/Moores Ave (AM and PM peak hours)
Appendix D contains the intersection LOS calculation worksheets.
EXISTING (2023) PLUS PROJECT CONDITIONS ANALYSIS
LANE GEOMETRY AND CONTROL
Existing (2023) Plus Project conditions assumed existing lane geometry as illustrated in Figure 3.
TRAFFIC VOLUMES
The Project is estimated to generate 3,339 daily Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) trips, a total of 303 AM peak hour PCE trips (248 inbound and 55 outbound), and 376 PM peak hour PCE trips (151 inbound and 225 outbound). Existing (2023) Plus Project volumes were determined by adding the total net project traffic, Figure 9 to the Existing (2023) conditions volume, Figure 4. Existing Plus Project peak hour volumes are shown in Figure 10.
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE
Table 5 displays the intersection LOS analysis results under Existing (2023) Plus Project Conditions. Traffic operations were evaluated at the study intersections under existing conditions plus traffic generated by the project. Unsignalized intersections that operate unacceptably are not considered a project deficiency if the intersection is operating unacceptably without the project and the increase in delay is less than four (4) seconds, or the intersection does not meet the signal warrants. The following intersections operate unacceptably and add more than four (4) seconds of delay, but each are not considered a project deficiency because the intersections do not meet signal warrants:
· #6 – Cherry St/Robertson Ave (AM and PM peak hours)
· #7 – Cherry St/Moores Ave (AM and PM peak hours)
Intersection #5 Analysis
No modifications were made in Synchro between the without and with project scenarios. In the Existing (2023) Conditions, the northbound left-turn movement operates at LOS D with 47.8 seconds of delay and the overall intersection operates at LOS D with 38.1 seconds of delay in the AM peak hour. In the Existing (2023) Plus Project Conditions, the northbound left-turn movement worsens to LOS E with 67.5 seconds of Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 23
delay and the overall intersection worsens to LOS D with 49.2 seconds of delay in the AM peak hour. The addition of the project traffic to the northbound left-turn movement in the AM peak hour does worsen the northbound left-turn movement by almost 20 seconds. Although the northbound left-turn volume is high, this movement gets 45.5 seconds of split time, as compared to the opposing southbound through movement getting a maximum of 35.5 seconds of split time. These splits are based on the existing signal timing provided by the City and are achievable due to the relatively low southbound through volume and the two southbound through lanes.
Appendix D contains the intersection LOS calculation worksheets.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 24
Table 5: Existing and Existing Plus Project Level of Service Summary # Intersection LOS
Criteria Jurisdiction Control1
Existing Existing Plus Project
AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak
LOS Delay2
(sec) LOS Delay2(sec) LOS Delay2(sec)
Delay
Var
(sec)
LOS Delay2
(sec)
Delay
Var
(sec)
1 Thornton Ave/SR -
84 EB Ramp D Caltrans Signal B 13.3 C 23.9 B 14.6 1.3 C 27.1 3.2 2 Thornton
Ave/Hickory St D City SSSC
A 0.2 A 0.4 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.4 0.0
Worst Approach B 14.8 D 27.3 C 15.6 0.8 D 29.2 1.9
3 Central Ave/Filbert
St D City Signal B 10.5 B 11.3 B 10.4 -0.1 B 11.4 0.1
4 Central Ave/Morton
Ave D City SSSC
A 1.8 A 2.7 A 1.8 0.0 A 2.6 -0.1
Worst Approach B 11.5 B 14.6 B 11.8 0.3 C 15.0 0.4
5 Cherry St/Central
Ave D City Signal D 38.1 D 36.4 D 49.2 11.1 D 52.3 15.9 6 Cherry
St/Robertson Ave D City SSSC
A 1.8 A 4.6 A 2.0 0.2 A 5.7 1.1
Worst Approach F 94.3 F >120 F 111.9 17.6 F >120 -
7 Cherry St/Moores
Ave D City SSSC
A 1.4 A 0.9 A 1.5 0.1 A 1.0 0.1
Worst Approach F 74.9 E 35.1 F 95.6 20.7 E 42.5 7.4
8 Central
Ave/Sycamore St D City Signal B 12.1 B 10.6 B 12.0 -0.1 B 10.6 0.0 9 Central Ave/East
Project Driveway D City SSSC
A 0.1 A 0.1 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.1 0.0
Worst Approach B 13.4 B 12.5 B 13.0 -0.4 C 17.4 4.9
10 Central Ave/West
Project Driveway D City SSSC
Future Intersection A 1.8 1.8 A 4.6 4.6
Worst Approach Future Intersection C 16.9 16.9 D 34.2 34.2 Note: Intersections that are operating below acceptable levels are shown in BOLD. Project caused deficiencies are shaded. 1 SSSC = Side Street Stop Control
2 The average control delay is reported for signalized intersections. The average control delay and the delay for the worst movement is reported for SSSC intersections.
Central Avenue
Thornton Avenue Cherry Street Central Avenue Robertson Avenue Moores Avenue Filbert Street Morton Avenue Hickory Street
Sycamore Street N NOT TO SCALE Newark Prologis TIA FIGURE 10 EXISTING PLUS PRO-ECT PEA. HOUR TURNING MO9EMENT 9OLUMES N I A ALI FOR C 84 LEGEND XX(YY) AM(PM) PEA. HOUR 9OLUME PRO-ECT SITE X EXISTING STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS X* FUTURE STUDY AREA INTERSECTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 810* Central Avenue Cherry St Thornton Ave Central Ave
Hickory St
Filbert St Cherry St Robertson Ave Central Ave
Sycamore St
Cherry St Moores Ave Central Ave Central Ave
Thornton Ave
SR-84 EB Off Ramp Redeker Pl
East Project Dwy
Morton Ave Central Ave
West Project Dwy
371(800)
1(0)
139(1085)
4(16)
596(329)
191(144)
1089(957) 1 16(2) 633(524) 25(6) 575(844)
3(37)
6(29) 2 294(219) 164(158) 277(482) 7(21)
35(12)
189(154) 3 20(9) 460(365)
8(3)
459(619)
9(29)
1(8) 4 465(165) 309(138) 55(68) 591(653) 172(434) 15(18) 25(19)
530(321)
91(100)
458(428)
334(623)
196(515) 5 6(5) 0(1) 32(16) 4(7) 5(11)
3(11)
1586(1100)
14(29)
40(47)
956(1528)
4(5) 6 5(2) 42(26)
22(55)
3(6)
10(6)
1567(1098)
17(41)
1(20)
949(1544)
32(10) 7 449(361) 102(211) 500(688) 6(10)
15(11)
287(183) 8 8(7) 734(556)
2(1)
775(1052)
3(3)
7(9) 9 197(35) 540(524)
49(8)
738(863)
39(190)
11(48) 10 December 2023
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 26
VEHICLE QUEUING
Vehicle queuing that exceeds a turn pocket length can create potentially hazardous conditions by blocking or disrupting through traffic in adjacent travel lanes. The effect of vehicle queuing was analyzed by reporting the 95th percentile queues for turning movements where the project would add trips to existing or proposed turn pockets. The 95th percentile is defined as the queue length that has only a 5 percent probability of being exceeded during the analysis time period. The following movements were evaluated:
· Intersection #5 – Cherry Street/Central Avenue (northbound left) The 95th percentile queue lengths are summarized in Table 6. The project increases the queue by more than one vehicle length (i.e. 25 feet or more) for the following movement:
· Intersection #5 – Cherry Street/Central Avenue (northbound left) For intersection #5, the addition of the project will cause the deficient northbound left turn queue at Cherry Street and Central Avenue to increase by 203 feet in the Existing Plus Project scenario in the AM peak hour and by 115 feet in the PM peak hour.
Queuing analysis calculation sheets are provided in Appendix D.
Table 6: Vehicle Queuing Analysis
# Intersection Control Movement
Storage
Length
(ft)
Existing Existing Plus Project
AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak
95th Percentile Queue
95th
Percentile
Queue
Variance
95th
Percentile
Queue
Variance
5 Cherry Street/
Central Avenue Signal NBL 210 652 614 855 203 729 115
Note: NBL=northbound left. Queue lengths greater than queue storage are bolded and queuing deficiencies are highlighted.
RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS
Since the addition of the project traffic increases the northbound left-turn queue at Cherry Street and Central Avenue by greater than 25 feet and the queue under no project conditions exceeds the available storage length, this is considered a queuing deficiency under Existing Plus Project in the AM and PM peak hours.
To address the queuing deficiency in the AM and PM peak hours, it is recommended that a twice per cycle left-turn phase be provided for the northbound left-turn lane. The signal timing splits should be adjusted accordingly and with the recommended improvement, the project would add less than 25 feet of queue to the movement in comparison to Existing Conditions. A summary of the recommended improvement and 95th percentile queuing is shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Vehicle Queuing Analysis – Recommended Improvement # Intersection Control Movement
Storage
Length
(ft)
Existing Existing Plus Project (with Improvement)
AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak
95th Percentile Queue
95th
Percentile
Queue
Variance
95th
Percentile
Queue
Variance
5 Cherry Street/
Central Avenue Signal NBL 210 652 614 573 -79 629 15
Note: NBL=northbound left. Queue lengths greater than queue storage are bolded.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 27
6. SITE ACCESS
This section discusses site access, site circulation, pedestrian facilities, bicycle facilities, transit recommendations, and sight distance analysis for the project.
The project proposes two unsignalized driveways on Central Avenue to the east of Sycamore Street (East Project Driveway and West Project Driveway). It was assumed that all trucks were assigned to the East Project Driveway and all passenger cars were assigned to the West Project Driveway. The following summarizes the project access locations:
· Central Ave & West Project Driveway
o Passenger car access only
o Stop-controlled northbound movement for project driveway · Central Ave & East Project Driveway
o Truck access only
o Stop-controlled northbound movement for project driveway Appendix D contains the queuing worksheets for the Project’s driveways. These AM/PM peak hour worksheets are the results of the Existing Plus Project Conditions and show that the proposed west project driveway throat depth is not a sufficient length to accommodate the project queues during the site’s peak hours.
For the east project driveway, the throat depth was measured as approximately 25 feet, which is the distance from the adjacent roadway to the first parking space on the east side of the project site. As shown, the estimated outbound vehicle queue is less than 25 feet in the AM and PM peak hours, or less than one vehicle, which does not exceed the throat depth of 25 feet. The westbound inbound queue along Central Avenue for the east driveway is less than 25 feet, or less than one vehicle in the AM and PM peak hours.
The project’s trip generation estimates only five inbound trucks in the AM peak hour and four inbound trucks in the PM peak hour, which equals an average of one inbound truck every 12 minutes within the peak hour.
With trucks entering the site this infrequently, it is not expected that the trucks will block the through traffic.
In the unexpected scenario in which there are regular traffic surges, the landlord will coordinate with the tenant to schedule truck deliveries to mitigate regular surge events. Therefore, there are no anticipated conflicts or excessive queuing along Central Avenue.
For the west project driveway, the throat depth was measured as approximately 25 feet, which is the distance from the adjacent roadway to the first drive aisle. As shown, the estimated outbound vehicle queue is 120 feet, or 4.8 vehicles in the Existing Plus Project PM peak hour, which exceeds the throat depth of 25 feet. The inbound queue along Central Avenue for the east driveway is 32.5 feet, or 1.3 vehicles in the Existing Plus Project AM peak hour. This queue can be accommodated within the two-way left-turn lane.
The distance between the east and west project driveways is 145 feet; therefore, this 32.5-foot queue should not affect the operations of the east project driveway nor the driveway along the north side of Central Avenue across from the site. Therefore, there are no anticipated conflicts or excessive queuing along Central Avenue. However, the outbound queue at the west project driveway may cause the drive aisle to be blocked. It is recommended that Do Not Block Intersection markings be placed along the west project driveway at the internal drive aisle to allow inbound vehicles to use the drive aisle and prevent the inbound queue from extending onto Central Avenue.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 28
SITE CIRCULATION
Internal circulation paths for each vehicle type are described below. Passenger vehicles will enter and exit using the west project driveway and trucks will enter and exit using the east project driveway. It is planned for passenger vehicles to utilize the parking spaces along the west, north, and east sides of the site.
Passenger vehicles can park in these parking spaces and walk to the building’s front entrance along the northern, western, and eastern sides of the proposed building. For trucks, it is planned for these vehicles to use the trailer storage on the southern edge of the project site and the loading docks on the south side of the project building. Access to these parking spaces and loading docks would be through the east project driveway.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
There are currently paved sidewalks along the southern side of Central Avenue, to the east of the project site. This existing sidewalk provides access for the employees and visitors of the project to access nearby residential and park uses along Central Avenue. To the north of the project site, there are sidewalks on Sycamore Avenue between Central Avenue to Thornton Avenue to access commercial, retail, and food establishments. To the west of the project site on Central Avenue, there are currently no pedestrian facilities between Sycamore Street and the railroad tracks. However, with the future roadway project, there will be sidewalks on both sides of Central Avenue to the west of the project site. There are currently no sidewalks along the north edge of the project site, but the project proposes sidewalks at this location.
Within the project site, there are sidewalks along the building and crosswalks in the parking lot from the office space that provides pedestrians access to Central Avenue. On-site sidewalks are proposed along the northern building frontage, western building frontage, and eastern building frontage for pedestrian access. There are no proposed walkways along the south side of the project building where the truck loading dock bays are proposed. Since it is not anticipated that many pedestrians would need access on this side of the site, no pedestrian improvements are needed.
With the proposed sidewalk along the Central Avenue frontage of the project site, there are sufficient pedestrian facilities adjacent to the project and to nearby complimentary uses. No additional off-site pedestrian facilities besides the sidewalk along Central Avenue are recommended to be constructed by the project.
BICYCLE FACILITIES
There are many existing bicycle facilities within the study area that provide access to the project site. A shared Class III bicycle route in which bicyclists share the roadway with motorists exists in each direction along Central Avenue adjacent to the project. A Class II bicycle lane also exists on Sycamore Street from Cedar Boulevard to Central Avenue.
Within the project site, bicyclists can share the drive aisles with motorists. There are 14 long-term bicycle lockers and 20 short-term bicycle parking stalls located west of the office space along the front of the building. Since there are sufficient bicycle facilities adjacent to the project along Central Avenue and to nearby complimentary uses, no off-site bicycle facilities are recommended to be constructed by the project.
The project provides sufficient long-term bicycle lockers and short-term bicycle parking stalls to meet the minimum spaces required by the City.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 29
TRANSIT
The Project area is currently served by AC Transit. The project site is located adjacent to the nearest transit stop along Central Avenue and Sycamore Street. This bus stop serves Route 200. The other nearest bus stop for the project is located at the intersection of Central Avenue and Cherry Street, which is approximately 600 feet to the east of the project site.
Since there are sufficient transit facilities adjacent to the project along Central Avenue and to nearby complimentary uses, no additional transit facilities are recommended to be constructed by the project.
SIGHT DISTANCE
A sight distance analysis for the east project driveway was conducted to determine if vehicles and trucks exiting the stop-controlled driveway would have adequate sight distance to observe conflicting traffic along the major roadway adjacent to the project site. Intersection sight distance for the project driveway was evaluated following methodology from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Street, 7th Edition3. Sight distance for each project driveway was determined based on the proposed project site plan and the following AASHTO intersection sight distance criteria formula:
Intersection Sight Distance = 1.47 x Vmajor x tg
Where Vmajor is the design speed of the major road and tg is the time gap for the vehicle to exit the project driveway and enter the major road. No spot speed study was conducted; posted speed limits and design speeds were used to determine sight distance.
Intersection #9 – Central Avenue/East Project Driveway
The east project driveway provides truck access from the site. Using the time gap for trucks, the time gap is 8.5 seconds for a vehicle to make a right-turn movement onto Central Avenue and 10.9 seconds to make a left turn movement. With a 45 mph design speed along Central Avenue, the sight distance criteria for trucks making a right-turn is 565 feet and the sight distance criteria for trucks making a left-turn is 725 feet.
As shown in the Figure 11, the sight triangles at the east project driveway should be clear of obstructions for a truck exiting the driveway to observe oncoming eastbound and westbound vehicles along Central Avenue.
Intersection #10 – Central Avenue/West Project Driveway The west project driveway provides passenger car access from the site. Using the time gap for passenger cars, the time gap is 6.5 seconds for a vehicle to make a right-turn movement onto Central Avenue and 8.5 seconds to make a left turn movement. With a 45 mph design speed along Central Avenue, the sight distance criteria for passenger cars making a right-turn is 430 feet and the sight distance criteria for passenger cars making a left-turn is 565 feet. As shown in the Figure 12, the sight triangles at the west project driveway should be clear of obstructions for a passenger car exiting the driveway to observe oncoming eastbound and westbound vehicles along Central Avenue. 3 A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Street, 7th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2018.
FIGURE 11 EAST PRO-ECT DRI9EWAY SIGHT DISTANCE Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N LEGEND December 2023 FIGURE 12 WEST PRO-ECT DRI9EWAY SIGHT DISTANCE Newark Prologis TIA NOT TO SCALE N LEGEND December 2023 Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 32
7. PARKING
This chapter summarizes the Project’s parking requirements.
NEWARK PARKING REQUIREMENTS
Parking requirements for land uses within the City of Newark are provided in Chapter 17.23 of the Newark Municipal Code. This section includes parking requirements for vehicles, on-site loading, and bicycles.
VEHICLE PARKING REQUIRED
Required parking for vehicles is based on land use. For miscellaneous industrial uses and office uses, parking shall be provided at the following rates:
· Industrial: 1 per 1,000 square feet of floor area plus 1 for each 5,000 square feet of outdoor use area
· Office: 1 per 300 square feet of floor area
Assuming the project would include 33,806 square feet of office and 281,584 square feet of industrial use, a minimum of 395 vehicle parking spaces would be required.
The site plan provided by the project applicant includes a breakdown of vehicle parking provided:
· Vehicle parking spaces = 396 parking spaces (includes 291 standard spaces, 10 accessible spaces, and 95 compact spaces)
The project provides one vehicle parking space more than required by the City.
ON-SITE LOADING REQUIRED
Loading spaces shall be provided at the following rates:
· Research and Development: 5 plus 1 per each additional 75,000 square feet over 75,000 square feet
Assuming the project area is 315,390 square feet, a minimum of 9 loading spaces would be required.
The site plan provided by the project applicant includes a breakdown of loading spaces provided:
· Loading spaces = 46 dock doors, 2 drive-in doors
The project provides excess loading spaces than required by the City.
BICYCLE PARKING REQUIRED
Required parking for bicycles is based on the City of Newark Municipal Code. The proposed office portion of the project is classified as a commercial use and therefore the City’s code requires short-term bicycle parking spaces to be provided at five percent of the required automobile parking space or a minimum of four short-term bicycle parking spaces. Long-term bicycle parking shall be provided at a minimum ratio of Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 33
one space per thirty vehicle spaces. This results in 20 required short-term and 14 required long-term bicycle parking spaces. Each bicycle parking space shall be no less than six (6) feet long by two (2) feet wide and shall have a parking rack capable of supporting bicycles of various sizes in a vertical position.
The project is proposing 20 short-term bicycle rack parking spaces and 14 long-term bicycle lockers onsite. Therefore, the project provides adequate bicycle parking as required by the City.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 34
8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY
This section summarizes the results and recommendations of this TIS and subsequent project frontage and access recommendations.
PROJECT RECOMMENDATIONS
OFF-SITE ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS
The project does not propose any off-site roadway improvements associated with the project design.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
Sidewalks are proposed along the project frontage on Central Avenue. Therefore, no additional off-site pedestrian facilities are proposed.
BICYCLE FACILITIES
A shared Class III bicycle route in which bicyclists share the roadway with motorists exists in each direction along Central Avenue adjacent to the project. A Class II bicycle lane also exists on Sycamore Street from Cedar Boulevard to Central Avenue.
Therefore, no off-site bicycle facilities are proposed. The project is proposing to include 14 long-term bicycle parking spaces and 20 short-term bicycle parking spaces on-site. The project provides adequate short-term and long-term bicycle parking to meet the minimum spaces required by the City.
PARKING REQUIREMENTS
The project is proposing to provide 396 vehicle parking spaces, which exceeds the parking required by the City of 395 parking spaces by one vehicle space. The project is proposing to provide 48 loading spaces, which exceeds the loading spaces required by the City of nine parking spaces.
The project provides excess parking and loading spaces than required by the City.
PROJECT DRIVEWAYS
The development of the proposed Project will require the construction of the following driveways:
· Central Ave & West Project Driveway
o Passenger car access only
o Stop-controlled northbound movement for project driveway o It is recommended that Do Not Block Intersection markings be placed along the west project driveway at the internal drive aisle to allow inbound vehicles to use the drive aisle and prevent the inbound queue from extending onto Central Avenue. o It is recommended that the intersection sight triangles should be clear of any obstructions greater than 3.5 feet in height to allowed vehicles exiting the driveway to observe oncoming traffic.
· Central Ave & East Project Driveway
o Truck access only
o Stop-controlled northbound movement for project driveway Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final 35
o It is recommended that the intersection sight triangles should be clear of any obstructions greater than 3.5 feet in height to allowed vehicles exiting the driveway to observe oncoming traffic.
PROJECT IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS
As discussed previously in the Section 4, the project VMT/employee (14.02) is expected to be lower than the threshold of significance for VMT/employee (14.6) and as a result the project is determined to have a less than significant transportation impact.
PROJECT DEFICIENCIES
LOS DEFICIENCIES
Project deficiencies were considered if:
· The addition of project traffic causes a signalized intersection to:
o Operate at LOS E or F overall, or
o Adds four (4) seconds of delay to an intersection already operating at LOS E or F under the comparable No Project scenario
· The addition of project traffic causes an unsignalized intersection to:
o Operate at LOS E or F overall, or
o Adds four (4) seconds of delay to an intersection already operating at LOS E or F under the comparable No Project scenario and California MUTCD Signal Warrant 3A or 3B is met for the impacted peak hour
Based on the results of the traffic analysis, no intersection project deficiencies were identified.
QUEUING DEFICIENCIES
In cases when the addition of project trips causes a queue to exceed the turn pocket length or increase by one or more vehicles for vehicle queues that already exceed the turn pocket length, an intersection project queuing deficiency was identified. Based on the results of the traffic analysis, the project creates a queuing deficiency at the northbound left-turn lane of intersection #5 (Cherry Street and Central Avenue) in the Existing Plus Project Conditions under the AM and PM peak hours. To address the queuing deficiency in the AM and PM peak hours, it is recommended that a twice per cycle left-turn be provided for the northbound left-turn lane. In addition, the signal timing splits should be adjusted and the cycle length should be modified to 150 seconds. With the recommended improvement, the project would add less than 25 feet of queue to the movement in comparison to Existing Conditions.
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
APPENDIX
A – EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUME DATA SHEETS
B – ITE TRIP GENERATION COMPARISON
C – VMT PER EMPLOYEE SOUTH PLANNING AREA MAP
D – LEVEL OF SERVICE AND VEHICLE QUEUING CALCULATION SHEETS Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
A – Existing Traffic Volume Data Sheets
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-001 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 18 852 0 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 32 386 0 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
1 2 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 0 973 1 TEV 2390 0 3145 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.5 PHF 0.99 0.96
375 0 765 0.5 0 0 2 1
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 0 740 249 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 0 762 183 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 1227
NORTHBOUND
Thornton Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
249 0 183
Totals (AM) 1151 Total Bikes (AM)
SR-84 EB
Ramps
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
SR-84 EB
Ramps
18 0 32
CONTROL
Signalized
0 NONE
04:45 PM - 05:45 PM 1713
Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramps
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Thornton Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
08:00 AM - 09:00 AM 962 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
0 0
040
010
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
050
020
0 0
765 0
0 973
323860
2497
40 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
375 0
0 200
188520
1837
62 0
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-002 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 18 479 0 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 7 995 0 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 12 0 TEV 1197 0 1486 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 PHF 0.95 0.94
7 0 10 0
0 1 2 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 4 458 0 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 10 678 0 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 486
NORTHBOUND
Thornton Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
0 0 0
Totals (AM) 1005 Total Bikes (AM)
Hickory St
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Hickory St
29 0 11
CONTROL
1-Way Stop(EB)
0 NONE
04:45 PM - 05:45 PM 470
Thornton Ave & Hickory St
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Thornton Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
08:00 AM - 09:00 AM 682 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
0 0
070
020
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
020
030
0 0
10 0
0 12
79950
40 58
4 0
0 0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
7 0
0 4
1847
9 0
60 7
8 10
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-003 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 23 0 207 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 8 0 209 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 1 0 0
1 130 0 153
1 242 0 222
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 8 1 TEV 929 0 957 0 0 0 0
319 0 360 1 PHF 0.97 0.90
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 0 0 0 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 0 0 0 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 0
NORTHBOUND
Filbert Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
569 0 526
Totals (AM) 0 Total Bikes (AM)
Central Ave
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Central Ave
245 0 250
CONTROL
Signalized
0 NONE
04:30 PM - 05:30 PM 138
Filbert Ave & Central Ave
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Filbert Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 158 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 2
0 0
4 0
102
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
1 0
0 0
2 0
000
000
130
242
0 0
360
8 80209
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
153
222
0 0
319
5 230207
000
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-004 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 0 0 0 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 0 0 0 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 365 0 377
0 0 0 0 1 16 0 26
0 0 0 0 TEV 955 0 980 0 2 0 1
516 0 570 2 PHF 0.98 0.92
3 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 4 0 22 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 4 0 28 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 29
NORTHBOUND
Morton Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
594 0 545
Totals (AM) 17 Total Bikes (AM)
Central Ave
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Central Ave
381 0 369
CONTROL
1-Way Stop(NB)
0 NONE
04:30 PM - 05:30 PM 0
Morton Ave & Central Ave
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Morton Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 0 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
6 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 1
0 0
2 0
000
000
0 365
1 16
570
0 000
2240
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 377
3 26
516
0 000
2840
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-005 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 35 0 10 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 28 3 8 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 1 0 0
0 45 0 30
2 1313 0 862
0 0 1 0 1 5 0 10
26 0 30 1 TEV 2454 0 2703 0 0 0 0
1457 0 1215 2 PHF 0.92 0.98
4 0 20 0
0 0 1 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 20 0 15 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 7 0 13 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 14
NORTHBOUND
Robertson Ave/Redeker Pl
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
1238 0 1480
Totals (AM) 28 Total Bikes (AM)
Cherry St
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Cherry St
904 0 1362
CONTROL
2-Way Stop(NB/SB)
0 NONE
04:45 PM - 05:45 PM 75
Robertson Ave/Redeker Pl & Cherry St
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Robertson Ave/Redeker Pl Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 56 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 000100
0 0
0 0
4 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 3
0 0
4 1
000
000
45 1313
20 5
1215
30 2838
1520
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
000
000
30 862
4 10
1457
26 35010
1370
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-006 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 48 1 7 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 17 1 3 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 1 0 0
0 9 0 10
2 1321 0 826
0 0 0 0 0 10 0 35
71 0 48 1 TEV 2433 0 2640 0 1 0 0
1411 0 1196 2 PHF 0.91 0.93
8 0 2 0
0 0 1 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 3 0 29 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 2 1 13 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 44
NORTHBOUND
Moores Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
1229 0 1431
Totals (AM) 13 Total Bikes (AM)
Cherry St
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Cherry St
876 0 1341
CONTROL
1-Way Stop(SB)
0 NONE
04:45 PM - 05:45 PM 57
Moores Ave & Cherry St
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Moores Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 82 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 1
0 0
00000
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
4 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
100
000
9 1321
2 10
1196
48 1713
2930
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
10 826
8 35
1411
71 4817
1321
Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-007 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 0 536 5 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 0 578 0 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 2 0 0
0 10 0 3
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 TEV 1372 0 1422 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 PHF 0.92 0.93
0 0 0 0
0 0 2 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 0 834 0 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 0 825 2 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 537
NORTHBOUND
Central Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
0 0 7
Totals (AM) 578 Total Bikes (AM)
National Trench Safety North D
wy
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
National Trench Safety North D
wy
0 0 0
CONTROL
No Control
0 NONE
05:00 PM - 06:00 PM 844
Central Ave & National Trench Safety North Dwy
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Central Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 828 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
1 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
10 1
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
020
050
10 0
0 0
0 0
057
8 0
80 34
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
000
000
3 0
0 1
0 0
05365
82 25
0 Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-008 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 119 415 0 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 162 379 0 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
289 0 227 1 TEV 1384 0 1433 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 PHF 0.95 0.93
15 0 14 1
0 1 2 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 12 639 0 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 9 537 0 AM
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 430
NORTHBOUND
Central Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
NONE
0 0 0
Totals (AM) 393 Total Bikes (AM)
Sycamore St
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Sycamore St
128 0 174
CONTROL
Signalized
0 NONE
04:30 PM - 05:30 PM 866
Central Ave & Sycamore St
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Central Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 826 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
1 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
0 1
110
060
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 3
110
020
0 0
14 0
0 227
16237
9 0
60 39
12 0
0 0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
15 0
0 289
1194150
50 37
9 Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080153-009 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 0 534 0 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 0 583 1 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 TEV 1361 0 1417 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 PHF 0.93 0.92
0 0 0 0
0 0 2 0
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 0 833 0 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 0 827 0 AM
0 NONE
04:45 PM - 05:45 PM 833
Central Ave & National Trench Safety South Dwy
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Central Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 5/16/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 827 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
NONE
1 0 0
Totals (AM) 583 Total Bikes (AM)
National Trench Safety South D
wy
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
National Trench Safety South D
wy
0 0 0
CONTROL
No Control
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 534
NORTHBOUND
Central Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 000000
0 0
0 0
0 0
010
10 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
020
050
0 0
0 0
0 0
05831
80 3
3 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 0
0 0
0 0
05340
80 27
0 Prepared by National Data & Surveying Services
ID: 23-080087-001 Day:
City: Newark Date:
AM 53 210 368 0 AM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
PM 56 160 158 0 PM
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
0 2 2 0
1 5 0 1
2 566 0 369
2 0 1 0 1 411 0 369
104 0 103 1 TEV 2903 0 2828 0 0 0 0
562 0 480 2 PHF 0.94 0.91
19 0 10 1
0 1 1 1
AM NOON PM PM NOON AM
PM 0 7 253 618 PM
NOON 0 0 0 0 NOON
AM 0 12 191 643 AM
0 NONE
05:00 PM - 06:00 PM 361
Central Ave & Cherry St
Peak Hour Turning Movement Count
Central Ave Tuesday
SOUTHBOUND 4/18/2023
P4:00 PM - 06:00 PM EA
K HOURS
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM 296 7:00 AM - 09:00 AM
C
OUNT PERIO
DS
NONE
1256 0 1573
Totals (AM) 581 Total Bikes (AM)
Cherry St
E
A
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
W
E
S
T
B
O
U
N
D
Cherry St
436 0 630
CONTROL
Signalized
Pedestrians (Crosswalks)
Totals (PM) Total Bikes (PM)
0 598
NORTHBOUND
Central Ave
Totals (NOON) Total Bikes (NOON)
AM NOON PM
PM
AM
AM
NOON
PM
PM
NOON
AM
AM
NOON
PM
NOON
NO
ON
PMAMNO
ON
AMPM
NO
ON
AMPMNO
ON
PMAM
0 0
1 2
0 0
00000
0 0
0 0
1 0
0 004000
0 1
0 0
1 0
010
042
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
0 1
0 1
1 0
020
000
5 566
10 411
480
103
56160158
6182537
0 0
0 0
0 0
000
000
1 369
19 369
562
104
53210368
64319112
National Data & Surveying Services
Location: Central Ave & Cherry St
City: Newark Project ID:
Control: Signalized Date:
NS/EW Streets:
1 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 0
NL NT NR NU SL ST SR SU EL ET ER EU WL WT WR WU WR2 TOTAL 7:00 AM 1 17 66 0 31 25 5 0 6 77 1 0 63 42 0 0 29 363
7:15 AM 2 30 117 0 44 36 11 0 10 124 5 0 62 55 0 0 20 516 7:30 AM 1 29 124 0 86 33 6 0 10 101 1 0 69 65 0 0 49 574 7:45 AM 2 56 172 0 88 49 13 0 28 128 7 1 95 87 0 0 86 812 8:00 AM 5 52 187 0 97 58 14 0 35 166 4 0 81 68 1 0 57 825 8:15 AM 2 39 152 0 94 49 14 0 19 139 7 1 127 136 0 0 38 817 8:30 AM 3 44 132 0 89 54 12 0 22 129 1 0 66 78 0 0 28 658 8:45 AM 1 43 124 0 101 36 7 0 26 132 2 0 74 61 1 0 28 636 NL NT NR NU SL ST SR SU EL ET ER EU WL WT WR WU WR2 TOTAL TOTAL VOLUMES : 17 310 1074 0 630 340 82 0 156 996 28 2 637 592 2 0 335 5201 APPROACH %'s : 1.21% 22.13% 76.66% 0.00% 59.89% 32.32% 7.79% 0.00% 13.20% 84.26% 2.37% 0.17% 40.68% 37.80% 0.13% 0.00% 21.39% PEAK HR : 07:45 AM 40 0 0 TOTAL
PEAK HR VOL : 12 191 643 0 368 210 53 0 104 562 19 2 369 369 1 0 209 3112 PEAK HR FACTOR : 0.600 0.853 0.860 0.000 0.948 0.905 0.946 0.000 0.743 0.846 0.679 0.500 0.726 0.678 0.250 0.000 0.608 Headers NBL NBT NBR NBU SBL SBT SBR SBU EBL EBT EBR EBU WBL WBT WBR WBU WBR2 1 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 0
NL NT NR NU SL ST SR SU EL ET ER EU WL WT WR WU WR2 TOTAL 4:00 PM 2 76 134 0 37 34 16 0 27 89 2 1 84 120 0 1 116 739 4:15 PM 2 65 131 0 46 28 11 0 23 131 2 0 91 157 0 0 105 792 4:30 PM 4 82 174 1 63 28 17 0 22 93 0 0 73 103 0 0 75 735 4:45 PM 3 40 121 0 45 39 18 0 15 106 3 0 89 126 0 0 126 731 5:00 PM 2 67 170 0 34 44 12 0 28 101 4 1 88 142 2 0 75 770 5:15 PM 1 62 128 0 32 32 17 0 30 130 2 0 118 139 0 0 99 790 5:30 PM 3 71 181 0 38 48 11 0 28 140 2 0 113 144 1 0 97 877 5:45 PM 1 53 139 0 54 36 16 0 17 109 2 0 92 141 2 0 93 755 NL NT NR NU SL ST SR SU EL ET ER EU WL WT WR WU WR2 TOTAL TOTAL VOLUMES : 18 516 1178 1 349 289 118 0 190 899 17 2 748 1072 5 1 786 6189 APPROACH %'s : 1.05% 30.12% 68.77% 0.06% 46.16% 38.23% 15.61% 0.00% 17.15% 81.14% 1.53% 0.18% 28.64% 41.04% 0.19% 0.04% 30.09% PEAK HR : 05:00 PM 293 0 0 TOTAL
PEAK HR VOL : 7 253 618 0 158 160 56 0 103 480 10 1 411 566 5 0 364 3192 PEAK HR FACTOR : 0.583 0.891 0.854 0.000 0.731 0.833 0.824 0.000 0.858 0.857 0.625 0.250 0.871 0.983 0.625 0.000 0.919 23-080087-001
4/18/2023
05:00 PM - 06:00 PM
0.910 0.861 0.882 0.874 0.945
07:45 AM - 08:45 AM
0.943
PM
NORTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND EASTBOUND WESTBOUND
0.867 0.933 0.838 0.787
AM
NORTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND EASTBOUND WESTBOUND
Data - Totals
Central Ave Central Ave Cherry St Cherry St
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
B – ITE Trip Generation Comparison
In Out Total In Out Total
PC1 1249 148 45 193 76 172 248
Truck (ITE2) 142 5 4 9 4 5 9
Truck (PCE3) 284 10 8 18 8 10 18
Total 1533 158 53 211 84 182 266
PC1 348 44 11 55 13 42 55
Truck (ITE2
) 189 3 3 6 5 4 9
Truck (PCE3) 378 6 6 12 10 8 18
Total 726 50 17 67 23 50 73
PC1 3307 250 55 305 46 244 290
Truck (ITE2) - - - - - - -
Truck (PCE3
) - - - - - - -
Total 3307 250 55 305 46 244 290
PC1 1971 219 49 268 145 227 372
Truck (ITE2) 60 3 3 6 3 3 6
Truck (PCE3) 120 6 6 12 6 6 12
Total 2091 225 55 280 151 233 384
In Out Total In Out Total
Total Veh 3,307 250 55 305 148 230 378
PC 3,165 245 51 296 144 225 369
Truck (ITE) 142 5 4 9 4 5 9
Truck (PCE 3 ) 284 10 8 18 8 10 18
Net Total 3,339 248 55 303 151 225 376
Source: Kimley-Horn (2023)
1 Daily counts not provided. Daily trips were calculated based on the assumption that PM peak hour trips account for 10 percent of the daily trips.
2 Fitted curve equation for ITE LU 760 (Research and Development) used to develop daily and AM peak hour passenger car trips. Average rate for ITE LU 155 (High Cube-Sort) used to develop PM peak hour passenger car trips. Average rate for ITE LU 140 (Manufacturing) used to develop all truck trips. 3 PCE = Passenger Car Equivalent
Vehicle
Type Daily1 PM (High Cube Sort LU 155)2
Highest Trip Generation
PM Land Use ITE Land
Use Code Vehicle Type Daily AM
High Cube Sort 155
Manufacturing 140
Warehousing 150
Research &
Development 760
AM (R&D LU 760)2
Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
C – VMT Per Employee South Planning Area
Map
Palm Ave
Stratford Rd
Argonaut Way
Balentine Dr
Braun St
San Andreas Dr
Argyle Rd
Depot Rd
Smith Ave
Tyler Pl
Dering Pl
Caxton Pl
Davis St
Blair Pl
Iris Ter
Baumberg Ave
Harris Rd
Curie St
Briar Pl
Regents Blvd
Vallejo St
Galen Pl
Adams Ave
Rockett Dr
V ki ni g St
Watk ni s St
Dee Pl
Pizarro Dr
Adobe Dr
Rowland Dr
Carol Ave
Margery Dr
Falcon Dr
Morley Pl
Sequoia Rd
Brockway St
Fo el y St
Ashton Pl
Capriana Cmn
Rockrose Dr
Frobisher Dr
Dante Pl
Pawnee Dr
Calistoga St
Whitman St
Fair Ranch Rd
Nancy
Gibraltar Dr
Linfield Ln
Gateway Blvd
Peterman Ave
Purcell Pl
Timber St
McFarlane Ln
Inglewood St
Gading Rd
Southgate St
Gallegos Ave
Bahama Ave
Mission View Dr
Condor Dr
Emilia Ln
Lerwick St
Henderson Ln
Lynx Dr
Capitol Ave
Santa Maria Dr
State St
Enfield Dr
Civic Terrace Ave
Merlot Dr
D St
GlendoraDr
Severn Dr
Ronda Ct
Country Dr
Tahiti St
Newhall St
Lurene Dr
Linda Dr
Eldridge Ave
Queensboro Way
Gettysburg Ave
Taylor Cmn
Ibero Way
Roos e v e Atl ev
Litchfield Ave
Tamarack Dr
Blackfoot Dr
Lisa Dr
Sioux Dr
Fernald St
Wauchula Way
Shinn St
Darvon St
Capulet Cir
E St
Newpark Mall
Wells Ave
Parkshore Dr
Glenhill Dr
Mohr Dr
Bolton Dr
Eden Ct
Joaquin Murieta Ave
Ocaso Camino
Landing Pkwy
Mayfield Dr
Farnham Dr
Ariel Ave
Falstaff Ave
Hastings St
Eichler St
Dunn Rd
Ellsworth St
Fircrest St
Folsom Ave
Hayman St
Moores Ave
Butano Park Dr
Flint St
Olympic Ave
Manon Ave
Mill St
Lauderdale Ave
Filbert St
Kato Ter
Milmont St
Phebe Ave
Martha Ave
Crocker Ave
Forbes Dr
L si ton Way
Ratekin Dr
Reynolds Dr
Normandy Dr
Siward Dr
Waller Ave
Robertson Ave
Montrose Ave
Overacker Ave
Laurel St
Maria Dr
E 13th St
W ei gman Rd
Veneto Ave
Towers Way
S Grimmer Blvd
Sandoval Way
Sycamore St
Reliance Way
Elm St
Dixon St
Ondina Dr
Charleston Way
Buckingham Way
Jarvis Ave
Chardonnay Dr
Fry Ln
Prune Ave
Loyola Ave
Alice St
Amaral St
Bus Center Dr
Farwell Dr
Bradley St
10th St
Market Ave
Chapman Dr
Grau Dr
Andrea St
Bruno St
Lexington St
5th St
6th St
Holly St
Garin Ave
Fair Ave
West St
Arden St
Westchester St
Baldwin St
Solar Way
Rochelle Ave
B eu t ke Dr
Kato Rd
3rd St
Valle Vista Ave
Bettencourt Way
Westwood St
Lustig Ct
Centralmont Pl
E Las Palmas Ave
Meyers Dr
Baylis St
Victoria Ave
Boone Dr
Clark Ave
Bellhaven Ave
Mento Dr
Kohoutek Way
Leidig Ct
Starlite Way
Riviera Dr
Denise St
Willow St
Seaside Dr
Pico Rd
Rock Ave
Sherwood St
LakefrontCir
Old Canyon Rd
Pontiac Way
Duval Ln
Whitesell St
Arizona St
Galaxy Dr
Dairy Ave
San Pedro Dr
Country Ln
Post St
Sylvester Dr
Cherry Ln
Royal Ann Dr
Woodland Ave
Tonopah Dr
Greenpark Dr
Durillo Dr
Corporate Way
Gom es Rd
Birkdale Dr
Weber Rd
Commerce Dr
Cherry St
Marietta Dr
Quarry Rd
Joyce Ave
Camden St
Hunter Ter
Blacow Rd
Smith St
Sheffield Ln
ShalimarCri
Rose
Lafayette Ave
Bellflower Dr
Mowry Ave
Chaucer Dr
Darwin Dr
Kiote Dr
Addition Rd
Grapevine Ter
Seabridge Dr
Klamath St
Covington Dr
Windmill Dr
4th St
Tahoe Ave
Bidwell Dr
Bayside Pkwy
Kaiser Dr
Union Sq
Stanford Ave
Enterprise St
Meteor Dr
Addison Way
Bernhardt St
Logan Dr
Blackstone Way
Hartnell St
Jonquil Dr
Wolcott Dr
Kidder St
Franklin Ave
Gallaudet Dr
Kearney St
Walnut Ave
Creek Rd
A ml aden Blvd
Sailway Dr
Cambria St
Agena Cir
Vargas Rd
Cornish Dr
Liberty St
Gold St
Warwick Rd
Rose Way
Veneto St
McDuff Ave
Mayhews Landing Rd
Salisbury Dr
Reymouth Dr
Wyndham Dr
Ash St
Forselles Way
H St
Red Hawk C ir
Newark Blvd
Broadway Ave
Albrae St
Hop Ranch Rd
Potrero Dr
Sc a rboroug h Dr
S hearwater Ter
Research Ave
Madison Ave
Waterside Cir
Beacon Ave
Green Valley Rd
Hyde Cmn
Belmont Ter
Manfred St
Frederick Ln
Isle Royal St
Linda Vista Rd
Ithaca St
Buskirk St
Sycamore Rd
Gomer St
High St
Mallard Cmn
Bell St
Eden Ave
Trevor Ave
Happy Valley Rd
Morrison Canyon Rd
Port Sailwood Dr
Via Torino
Lake Mead Dr
Campus Dr
Brown Rd
Skylark Dr
Bishop Ave
Biscayne Ave
Palmer Dr
Amberwood Dr
Teddy Dr
Brae Burn Ave
Horner St
Haven Ave
7th St
Lakeview Blvd
Br ei r St
Maple St
Sycamore Creek Way
Boscell Rd
Bruce Dr
Rancho Higuera Rd
Old Warm Springs Blv
Stivers St
Pueblo Serena
Fremont Hub
Fortner St
Arf Ave
Landon Ave
Sentinel Dr
Bonner Ave
Arse St
Martin St
Robin St
Farrol Ave
Mackinaw St
Val St
Cougar Cir
Perry Rd
Village Ter
Whipple Rd
Barrington Ter
Guardino Dr
Aqu a t ic Way
Royal Palm Dr
Easterday W ay
Hunter Ln
Alyce
Alisal St
Sparrow Rd
Webster St
Panjon St
Eugene St
Deep Creek Rd
Connect ci ut St
Douglas St
Dolerita Ave
Dryden Rd
Stevenson Blvd
Weibel Dr
Taylor Ave
Oro Dr
Amber Ln
Ribera St
Enterprise Dr
Adelina Cmn
Burton Cmn
St Paul Dr
Trinity Way
Sacramento Ave
Seville Pl
Valpey Park Ave
Ardo St
Warren Ave E
Arikara Dr
Ferry Ln
Sabercat Rd
Byrd Ln
Havana Ave
Edith St
Curtner Rd
Union City Blvd
Mayten Way
Cam Santa Barbara
Mission Rd
Novato St
Gable Dr
Matthew Ter
Leslie St
Eggers Dr
Gemini Dr
Ruschin Dr
Castlewood Dr
Medall oi n Dr
Darwin St
Myrtle Ln
Gregory Way
Maybird Cir
Arrowhead W ay
Dali St
Ascot Way
Dunhill Dr
Verdi Rd
Easthill Dr
Peachtree Ave
Locust St
Cryer St
Tidewater Dr
Mello Way
Owl Dr
Terrace Dr
Saint James St Fernandez St
Gatewood St
Mildred Dr
Excelso Dr
Bridwell Way
Pulaski Dr
Rousseau St
Venus St
Vista Grande Ter
Vis delSol
Spruce St
Kimbro St
Nichols Ave
Oak St
Granada Dr
Dorado Dr
Oliver Dr
Rau Dr
Park Cmn
Lido Blvd
Kitayama Dr
Lilac St
Pickering Ave
Everglades Park Dr
Bryant St
Tyrrell Ave
Morning Vista Cmn
Barbara St
Sentinel Pl
Silvertide Dr
Laguna Dr
Mimosa Ter
Bay St
Castillejo Way
Heritage Ter
Hun wt ood Ave
Boca Raton St
Heritage W ay
Bee ht oven Cmn
Colgate Dr
Chicoine Ave
Ramsgate Dr
Wisteria Dr
Musick Ave
Piper St
Galindo Dr
Oakhill W ay
Breakwater Ave
Hoyt St
Coronado Dr
Barnard Dr
Sandra
Hesse Dr
Fox Ave
Witherly Ln
Aspenwood Cmn
Orangewood Dr
Willow Ln
Veasy St
Lancero St
Acacia St
Sleepy Hollow Ave
Arlington Dr
San Luis Obispo St
Valero Dr
Cole Pl
RoselleCmn
Grand Lake Dr
Orchard Dr
J St
Bridgepointe Dr
I St
Auto M a l l C ir
Peralta Blvd
Golf Rd
Trenouth St
Topawa Dr
Braidburn Ave
Carmar St
Egret Ln
Blanchard St
de Silva St
Windflower Ln
Lobelia Dr
Cambridge Way
Chelsea Dr
Lemos Ln
Lake Ontario Dr
Lowry Rd
Celia St
Jackson St
Torrey Pine Ln
Marshbrook Dr
Hall Rd
Liberty Cmn
A St
Tyson Ln
Milton St
Byington Dr
Rancho Arroyo Pkwy
Enterprise Ave
Turner Ct
Chance St
Langhorn Dr
Ursa Dr
Deborah Dr
Gordon St
Hazelnut Dr
Mayfair Park Ave
Tecado Ter
Lassen St
Yoshida Dr
Benbow Dr
Lindenwood Way
Harvey Ave
Diana Cmn
Vanderbilt St
Dalton Way
Sandhill Ter
Tulane St
Daisy St
River Walk Dr L St
Nicolet Ave
Moore Dr
Eastin Dr
Parkmeadow Dr
Corning Ct
Dickens Ave
Viento Dr
Chaplin Dr
Mirabella Dr
San Carlos Way
Newport Dr
Silver St
Little Foot Dr
Erskine Ln
School St
Kilkare Rd
Silver Reef Dr
Levi St
Cascade St
Evergreen Dr
Pardee Ave
Coco Palm Dr
Terra C otta C ir
Chaparral Dr
Jerome Ave
Laiolo Rd
Seaver St
Palm Dr
Holt St
Kay Ave
Pecos Ave
Shylock Dr
Conovan Ln
Green St
Quail Run Rd
Medinah St
Thackeray Ave
Tupelo Ter
P ar deriaCir
F St
Westport
Benson Rd
Platinum St
Caren St
Doane St
Aleppo Dr
Noel Ave
Zulmida Ave
Magellan Dr
Whee ol n Ave
Ann
Arizona Ave
Diamond Ter
Carnation Way
Fairwood St
Wins low Ter
Locke Ave
Ambar Pl Farragut Dr
Sandcreek Dr
Tallahassee St
Soquel St
Dupont Ave
Charles St
Camero Way
Shellga et Cir
Seaport Dr
Tamayo St
Chadbourne Dr
Conway St
Belhaven St
Hartford Dr
Hugh Way
Santee Rd
Revere Ave
Hanford St
Gresel St
Rocklin Dr
E 16th St
Beatrice St
Tennyson Rd
Laredo D
Alh
r
ambra Dr
Rieger Ave
Break er Cir
Haley St
Treeview St
Lexington Ave
Montcalm Ave
Delaware Dr
Archer Ave
Bullard St
Mantilla Ave
Saratoga Park St
Tulip Ave
aL ure l G len C m n
Station Rd
Melbourne Ave
Bolero Ave
Ka ht lean St
Panama St
Milani Ave
Chiplay Ave
Crestwood St
Coit Ave
Lippert Ave
Fredi St
Lockwood Ave
Farina Ln
Edgewater Dr
Winchester Dr
Plomosa Rd
Yorktown Rd
Triton St
Pacific St
Mann Ave
Sundale Dr
Crawford St
Amador Rd
Serra Ave
Perkins St
Faircliff St
Peco St
Alice Way
Korbel St
Caliban Dr
Ruth Way
Becerra Dr
Flanders Dr
Underwood Ave
Diaz Dr
Granville Dr
Ellen St
Ballard Dr
Williams Way
Minerva St
Thurston St
Gertrude Dr
Polaris Ave
Canyon Heights Dr
Christine Dr
Shana St
Roberts Ave
Cabello St
McDonald Ave
C St
Emerson St
Manzanita St
Sloat Rd
Hillview Dr
Besco Dr
Whalebone Way
Michelle St
Lois Way
G St
Miami Ave
Birkdale W ay
Donalba Cni ri
Nelson St
Ellen Way
Rochelle Dr
Coronado Way
Dalewood Dr
Corrigan Dr
Duke Ln
Hereford St
Calypso Ter
Purpleleaf St
Orick S
D
t
elores Dr
Cade D
O
r
akdale St
St Matthew Dr
Claremont St
Cabral Dr
Stanley Ave
Benavente Ave
Alta Dr Omar St
Calaveras Ave
Los Pinos St
Spring Valley Trl
Blaisdell Way
Hafner St
Carmen Way
Sunset Ave
Christine St
Cahill St
Cedarwood Dr
Kansas Way
Sutter Dr
LauraWay
Bright Cmn
Lily St
Altura St Las Palmas Ave
Gina St
Cerritos Ave
Middlefield Ave
Cottonwood St
Creston St
Castro Ln
Birch St
Parkside Dr
Tampa Ave
Balboa Way
Vallejo Way
Onondaga Dr
Singalong Way
Sanderling Dr
Lundy Dr
Eric St
Winding Ln
Lawler Ave
Pajaro Dr
Ventura Ave
Chiltern Dr
Corporate Ave
Boar Cir
Stratford Dr
Fellows St
Florida St
Southlake Cmn
Noria Rd
Jupiter St
Hutton St
Bryant Ter
Tuolumne Dr
Faulkner Dr
Indian Wells Dr
Glenmoor Dr
Bedford St
Avalon Heights Ter
Vis del Mar
Hilo St
Starling Dr
Tehama Ave
Larkspur St
Portsmouth Ave
Beard Rd
Contessa St
Pagosa Way
Starflower St
Beatron Way
Ocala St
Joseph St
Higgins Way
Parish Ave
Benicia St
Vernal Ave
Marigold Dr
Lark Way
Carmel Way
Montecito Dr
Spring Rd
Zacate Ave
Alameda Dr
Savannah Rd
Taos Rd
Delta Ct
Salinas Pl
Olive Ave
Burning Tree Dr
Jean Dr
Mistflower Ave
Boitano Dr
Greenhills Way
Curtis St
King Ave
Radcliffe Ave
Lewis Ave
Washo Dr
Beretta Dr
Lopes Ct
Webfoot Loop
Adcock Dr
Christy St
C al witer Rd
Zephyr Ave
Shattuck Ave
Cheyenne Pl
Carroll Ave
Brittany Ave
Wheeler Dr
Meadowbrook Cmn
Colbert St
Flamingo Ave
Granger Ave
Bridgeport Dr
Osprey Dr
Tupelo St
Luzon Dr
Lupine Ct
Cougar Dr
Oregon St
Erma Ave
Regal Ave
Mohave Dr
S ilve r Map el Ln
St Andrews St
Paseo Padre Pkwy
Ronald Ct
War Glory Pl
Alder Ave
Juniper Ave
Ahern Ave
Wasatch Dr
Vincente St
Cedar St
Iron Horse Ln
Quintana Way
Victory Ln
Bruning St
Second St
Anza St
Jacinto Dr
Clover St
Regional Park Trl
Chantecler Dr
Parkway
Indian Hill Pl
Mantis St
Marina Dr
Westinghouse Dr
Bourbon Dr
Monaco Ave
Mattos Dr
Francisco Ln
Baine Ave
Hancock St
Nevada St
Begonia St
Elliot St
May Ct
Parkmont Dr
Revere Ter
Rutherford Ter
Antelope Dr
Max Dr
Appian Way
Scott Creek Rd
Union St
Sioux Ct
Alcazar Ave
Vagabond Ln
Cabernet Ave
Crandallwood Dr
Naples St
Ant oi chLoop
Sherman Dr
Quarry Lakes Dr
8th St
9th St
Antone Rd
Whitehead Ln
2nd St
Jacklynn Dr
14th St
12th St
Colville Pl
Orleans Dr
Decatur Way
15th St
Washburn Dr
Stanford St
Hilton St
Joshua Pl
Euclid Dr
Palomares Rd
Adriano St
O Connell Ln
Schafer Rd
Providence Way
Bolina Dr
Yucatan Dr
Hemlock Dr
Mulberry St
Tourraine Dr
Bayonne Dr
Niland St
Bettencourt St
San C el men et St
Lorren Dr
Camphor Ave
Bayview Dr
Keystone Dr
Murcia St
St Mark Ave
Driftwood St
River Dr
Yampa Way
Crest Ln
Pine St
13th St
Mowry School Rd
Kellogg Ave
Whimbrel Rd
Omega Dr
Industrial Dr
Meridien Cir
Niles Blvd
al Salle Dr
E 11th St
Gannon Ter
Carmen St
Lincoln St
Fe nr wood Dr
Sabercat Pl
Hansen Ave
Third St
Janice Ave
Railroad Ave
Tripaldi Way
Lake Arrowhead Ave
McCone Ave
Mountain Dr
E 12th St
Iris Ct
Hidden Valley Ter
Yakima Dr
Sedge St
Havasu St
Taft St
Lucia St
Riddell St
San Juan Ave
Diablo Ave
Via Lugano
Blythe St
Porter St
E 10th St
Magnolia St
Catalpa Way
Zapotec Dr
Starr St
Kensington Dr
Dodge Ave
Blackburn Dr
Morris Way
Royal Ann Cmn
Thomas Ave
Adrian Ave
Apricot Ln
Fairway St
Sutton Loop
Mardis St
B ardolph Cir
Bluebird Loop
Sunrise Dr
Olive St
V ei w P oint C ir
Trust Way
Golden Eagle Way
Monterey Dr
Deodara St
Cabrillo Dr
Ysc Trl
Atlantic St
Danti Ct
Brookside Ln
Selma Ave
King Ct
Northdale Dr
Ford Ln
Inez Ave
Norris Rd
H ci kory Ave
Wes et rn Ave
Risdon Dr
Camellia Dr
Mistletoe Dr
Sandalwood St
Fairview Ave
Montclaire Dr
Meadowbrook Ave
LevinSt
York Dr
Mahogany Pl
Gladstone Pl
Guava Dr
Sully St
Northport Loop E
Burnham Way
Darlene Way
Bradford Ave
V in e hi ll Cir
Selkirk St
Cotton Ave
Colby St
Central Ave
Jacaranda Dr
Zunic Dr
Ingot St
Detjen St
Portola Dr
Valorie St
Calaroga Ave
Wyatt Ln
Balmoral St
Barcelona Ave
Gainesville Ave
GrossSt
Argonne St
Milmont Dr
Bunche Dr
Darcelle Dr
Bello Rd
Eden Shores Dr
Ormond Ave
Cushing Pkwy
Hayes St
la Porte Ave
Hardwood St
Hollyhock St
Creekwood Dr
Fiesta Rd
Pompano Ave
Alline St
Cameron Hills Dr
Isherwood Way
Bodega St
Cholla St
Capitan Dr
woL e r Vint n ers Cir
Tolt ec a Ct
Eden Shores Blvd
Mirabeau Dr
Judie Way
Panorama Trl
Woodside Ter
Remora Dr
Chapel Way
Page Ave
Randall Pl
Marshlands Rd
Laura Ln
Richmond Ave
Technology Dr
A ar liaDr
Industrial Blvd
Dumbarton Cir
Quail Dr
Enos St
Landing Rd
WindemereDr
Dana St
Escobar St
Sloan St
Fairway Ln
Brophy Dr
Minnie St
Baylor St
Nebo Dr
Wellington Dr
Almeria Ave
Torres Ave
Prestwick Ave
Earle St
Burdick St
Verona Ave
Edith Way
Roca Dr
Shield Dr
Wilford St
Bianca Dr
Hochler Dr
Dahlia Dr
Ja m i e C ir
Gifford St
Derby St
Maywood St
Cassio Cir
Oak Ln
Welfor d
ri C
Tecado Com
Carr Way
Edison Way
Friar Ave
Banda Ter
Regal Dr
B St
Osage Ave
Dry Creek Trl
Southerland Way
M erion Dr
Capri Ave
Sloan Way
Cast el down Rd
Calhoun St
Grover Dr
Shorebird Dr
Vallecitos Rd
Tiny St
Queen Anne Dr
Plumeria Way
Waycross Rd
Ogden Dr
Juliet Cir
Becket Dr
Highland Ter
Fremont Blvd
Boscell Cmn
Marguerite Dr
Ridgewood Dr
Griffith Ave
Stewart Ave
Barcelona Dr
Hamilton Way
Amaral Ct
11th St
Ventura Dr
Julia St
Skye Rd
Baumberg Ct
Stenhammer Dr
MillardAve
Ladner St
Salt Way
Orlando Ave
Vernon Ave
Seminole Way
Troy Ave
San Anton oi St
Warm Springs Ct
Monticello Ter
Dutra Way
Ruus Rd
San Beni ot St
Elizabeth Way
McBride Ln
Mandarin Ave
Posada Way
Munyan St
HollywoodAve
Sorrento Way
Rosewood Dr
Sterling Dr
Greenwood Dr
Stratford Ave
Scripps St
Noroc c o Cir
Aspen Loop
Eden Landing Rd
Faber St
Palo Amarillo Dr
Capa Dr
Volpey Way
Yale Way
Via San Gabriel
Country Club Cir
Greens Ln
Investment Blvd
Cana Rd
Santa Monica Ter
Estrella Rd
Toyon Ave
Eureka Dr
Arden Rd
Joyce Way
Northport Loop W
Clover Ct
Thiel Rd
California Pottery C
Monte Sereno Ter
Santana St
Overhill Dr
May Rd
Ridge Ter
de Lucchi
T
Ter
ransit Ave
Dowe Ave
Zwissig Way
Manor Dr
Clearbrook Cir
Hickory St
Nobel Dr
Mill Creek Rd
Encyclopedia Cir
Sheridan Rd
Amaleo Way
Patterson Ranch Rd
Bart Access Rd
N McCarthy Blvd
Cushing Rd
Sunol Ridge Trl
∙þ92
∙þ262
∙þ84
∙þ238
ß/101
§¨¦880
§¨¦680
Fremont
Newark
Union City
Hayward
Pleasanton
25.57 28.39
23.74 25.98
16.31 26.69
18.88 33.96
26.54 23.13
22.02 20.34
22.76 24.24
24.02 23.91
16.37 17.27
8.37 26.61
14.78 23.62
9.41 18.97
21.21 23.5
20.22 14.46
26.25 14.02
20.36 14.08
19.51 16.53
24.55 17.9
14.17 14.73
13.55 37.85
39 37.16
36.83 49.58
53.39 17.57
31.78 16.92
14.14 16.6
18.48 23.36
25.6 19.09
16.18 24.75
22.53 23.82
13.04 12.87
13.39 19.92
23.23 15.67 11.31
18.23 11.42
11.02 11.66
21.46 26.28 26.67
17.09 18.98
19.78 15.52
19.62 24.81
21.79 15.32
21.71 18.55
22.41 12.17
31.78 28.06
22.73 25.14
13.52 18.81
15.48 25.75
13.78 21.49
23.12 26.96
29.07 13.46
20.56 21.59
8.4 14.71
11.6 17.66
18.44 18.86
24.33 21.7
26.07 24.19
24.11 24.91
23.27 24.6
16.09 15.38
11.59 22.15 8.33
11.41 14.6
24.21 30.34
28.07 16.48
26.25 17.11
23.28 16.72
10.22 19.3
26.61 12.53
35.33 36.6
32.59 23.01
20.46 23.33
34.68 25.99
15.46 35.02
32.74 22.3
39.98 37.31
31.21 28.25
14.28 11.75
17.48 12.74
14.84 36
36.43 30.4
17.19 19.61
18.23 35.32
30.22 33.56
15.37 19.24
19.92 17.68
16.99 19.07
16.34 13.47 20.4
13.34 15.34
21.56 16.2
18.66 10.35
11.38 10.05
20.69 21.46
19.69 19.16
19.24 10.66 20.78
16.1 14.42
16.31 21.72
16.47 9.39
15.14 25.9
18.87 18.85
14.34 11.73
22.38 14.13
21.92 16.43 16.69
14.46 14.69
26.75 13.67
Contra
Costa
County
San
Francisco
County
San Mateo
County
Santa Clara
County
San Joaquin
County
Alameda
Albany
Berkeley
Fremont
Newark
Union City
Dublin
Hayward
Livermore
Pleasanton
Emeryville
Oakland
Piedmont
San
Leandro
Alameda County
East Planning Area
South
Planning Area
Central
Planning Area
North
Planning Area
2020 Vehicle Miles
Traveled per Employee
by TAZ
> 25.00
20.01 - 25.00
15.01 - 20.00
10.01 - 15.00
0.01 - 10.00
0.00 South Planning Area Average (Target -15%): 17.2 (14.6) Alameda County Average (Target -15%): 15.9 (13.5)
[
0 1 2 3 Miles
Vehicle Miles Traveled per Employee
South Planning Area
ALAMEDA
County Transportation
Commission
Data Source: Alameda Countywide Travel Model, Plan Bay Area 2040 version, May 2019 Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) = home-based trips (home-based work, school, shopping/errands, social/recreation) at transportation analysis zone (TAZ) containing residence site VMT also includes estimates of non-home trips generated by residents at the non-residential end of the homebased trip (e.g. lunch trips from workplace) VMT per capita = home-based VMT at residence TAZ divided by total population in TAZ VMT includes all travel within 9-county Bay Area plus San Joaquin County plus estimates of travel distances beyond the 10-county model area
TAZs with zero values (white) did not have population in the 2020 model Transportation Impact Study │ 6756 Central Avenue Project May 2025 │ Final
D - Level of Service and Vehicle Queuing
Calculation Sheets
Queues Existing
1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 1
Lane Group EBL EBT NBT NBR SBT SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 202 399 775 185 868 18
v/c Ratio 0.48 0.88 0.41 0.20 0.46 0.01
Control Delay 18.9 34.8 8.2 2.2 8.6 0.0
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 18.9 34.8 8.2 2.2 8.6 0.0
Queue Length 50th (ft) 48 79 65 0 75 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) 89 #192 110 24 125 0
Internal Link Dist (ft) 310 1104 275
Turn Bay Length (ft)
Base Capacity (vph) 538 550 1877 905 1877 1490
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.38 0.73 0.41 0.20 0.46 0.01
Intersection Summary
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 200 0 395 0 0 0 0 767 183 0 859 18 Future Volume (veh/h) 200 0 395 0 0 0 0 767 183 0 859 18 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1811 1811 1811 0 1811 1811 0 1811 1811 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 202 0 399 0 775 185 0 868 0
Peak Hour Factor 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 Percent Heavy Veh, % 6 6 6 0 6 6 0 6 6
Cap, veh/h 503 0 447 0 1750 764 0 1750
Arrive On Green 0.29 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.51 0.51 0.00 0.51 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1725 0 1535 0 3532 1502 0 3532 1535
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 202 0 399 0 775 185 0 868 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1725 0 1535 0 1721 1502 0 1721 1535 Q Serve(g_s), s 4.7 0.0 12.4 0.0 7.1 3.5 0.0 8.3 0.0
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 4.7 0.0 12.4 0.0 7.1 3.5 0.0 8.3 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 503 0 447 0 1750 764 0 1750
V/C Ratio(X) 0.40 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.44 0.24 0.00 0.50
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 545 0 485 0 1750 764 0 1750
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 14.2 0.0 17.0 0.0 7.8 6.9 0.0 8.1 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 0.2 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 1.6 0.0 5.8 0.0 2.2 1.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 14.4 0.0 33.6 0.0 8.6 7.6 0.0 9.1 0.0 LnGrp LOS B A C A A A A A
Approach Vol, veh/h 601 960 868
Approach Delay, s/veh 27.2 8.4 9.1
Approach LOS C A A
Timer - Assigned Phs 2 4 6
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 31.2 18.8 31.2
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.8 * 4.2 5.8
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 24.2 * 16 24.2
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 9.1 14.4 10.3
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 1.1 0.1 1.3
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 13.3
HCM 6th LOS B
Notes
User approved pedestrian interval to be less than phase max green. * HCM 6th computational engine requires equal clearance times for the phases crossing the barrier.
User approved changes to right turn type.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
2: Hickory St & Thornton Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 4
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.2
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 506 18 10 683 5 7
Future Vol, veh/h 506 18 10 683 5 7
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 130 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 0 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 95 95 95 95 95 95
Heavy Vehicles, % 7 7 7 7 7 7
Mvmt Flow 533 19 11 719 5 7
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 552 0 925 543
Stage 1 - - - - 543 -
Stage 2 - - - - 382 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.205 - 6.705 6.305
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.505 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.905 -
Follow-up Hdwy - -2.2665 -3.5665 3.3665
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 987 - 275 527
Stage 1 - - - - 569 -
Stage 2 - - - - 648 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 987 - 272 527
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 272 -
Stage 1 - - - - 569 -
Stage 2 - - - - 641 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 14.8
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 379 - - 987 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.033 - - 0.011 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 14.8 - - 8.7 -
HCM Lane LOS B - - A -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0 -
Queues Existing
3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 5
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL
Lane Group Flow (vph) 5 357 234 158 237
v/c Ratio 0.02 0.50 0.36 0.24 0.50
Control Delay 22.4 11.7 12.6 3.8 18.3
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 22.4 11.7 12.6 3.8 18.3
Queue Length 50th (ft) 1 53 32 0 38
Queue Length 95th (ft) 11 122 116 33 139
Internal Link Dist (ft) 412 694 661
Turn Bay Length (ft) 50
Base Capacity (vph) 1326 1792 1772 1508 1323
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.00 0.20 0.13 0.10 0.18
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 6
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 5 346 227 153 207 23
Future Volume (veh/h) 5 346 227 153 207 23
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1870
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 5 357 234 158 213 24
Peak Hour Factor 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97
Percent Heavy Veh, % 6 6 6 6 6 2
Cap, veh/h 7 770 414 351 277 31
Arrive On Green 0.00 0.42 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.18
Sat Flow, veh/h 1725 1811 1811 1535 1525 172
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 5 357 234 158 238 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1725 1811 1811 1535 1704 0
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.1 4.4 3.6 2.8 4.2 0.0
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.1 4.4 3.6 2.8 4.2 0.0
Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.10
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 7 770 414 351 309 0
V/C Ratio(X) 0.71 0.46 0.56 0.45 0.77 0.00
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 1656 3478 3478 2948 1636 0
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 15.5 6.4 10.7 10.4 12.2 0.0
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 38.9 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.0
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.0
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 54.4 6.8 11.6 11.0 13.7 0.0
LnGrp LOS D A B B B A
Approach Vol, veh/h 362 392 238
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.4 11.4 13.7
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.1 13.4 19.6 11.7
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 30.0 60.0 60.0 30.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.1 5.6 6.4 6.2
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 1.6 1.9 0.3
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 10.5
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
4: Morton Ave & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 7
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.8
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 519 21 129 379 8 48
Future Vol, veh/h 519 21 129 379 8 48
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - - - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 98 98 98 98 98 98
Heavy Vehicles, % 7 7 7 7 7 2
Mvmt Flow 530 21 132 387 8 49
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 551 0 999 276
Stage 1 - - - - 541 -
Stage 2 - - - - 458 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.24 - 6.94 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.94 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.94 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.27 - 3.57 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 981 - 232 721
Stage 1 - - - - 534 -
Stage 2 - - - - 589 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 981 - 192 721
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 320 -
Stage 1 - - - - 534 -
Stage 2 - - - - 488 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 2.7 11.5
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 612 - - 981 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.093 - - 0.134 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 11.5 - - 9.2 0.5
HCM Lane LOS B - - A A
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.3 - - 0.5 -
Queues Existing
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 8
Lane Group EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBT SBL SBT
Lane Group Flow (vph) 13 217 695 391 341 441 616 113 618 v/c Ratio 0.19 0.57 1.03 0.78 0.28 0.93 0.49 0.68 0.91
Control Delay 74.3 58.2 60.7 69.3 31.9 77.0 31.3 83.2 73.5 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 74.3 58.2 60.7 69.3 31.9 77.0 31.3 83.2 73.5 Queue Length 50th (ft) 12 185 ~340 184 106 404 196 104 296 Queue Length 95th (ft) 37 287 #612 241 167 #652 290 172 #422 Internal Link Dist (ft) 504 382 815 1595
Turn Bay Length (ft) 160 250 210 210
Base Capacity (vph) 204 380 677 700 1234 481 1267 240 720 Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.06 0.57 1.03 0.56 0.28 0.92 0.49 0.47 0.86 Intersection Summary
~ Volume exceeds capacity, queue is theoretically infinite.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 9
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 12 204 653 368 268 53 415 369 210 106 562 19 Future Volume (veh/h) 12 204 653 368 268 53 415 369 210 106 562 19 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 13 217 0 391 285 56 441 393 0 113 598 0 Peak Hour Factor 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 Percent Heavy Veh, % 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Cap, veh/h 21 266 479 796 154 478 1404 141 731
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.14 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.41 0.00 0.08 0.21 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1725 1811 1535 3346 2867 555 1725 3532 0 1725 3532 0 Grp Volume(v), veh/h 13 217 0 391 169 172 441 393 0 113 598 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1725 1811 1535 1673 1721 1701 1725 1721 0 1725 1721 0 Q Serve(g_s), s 0.7 11.6 0.0 11.3 7.9 8.1 24.8 7.6 0.0 6.4 16.5 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.7 11.6 0.0 11.3 7.9 8.1 24.8 7.6 0.0 6.4 16.5 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.33 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 21 266 479 478 472 478 1404 141 731 V/C Ratio(X) 0.62 0.82 0.82 0.35 0.36 0.92 0.28 0.80 0.82 Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 294 544 1006 655 648 691 1517 346 1035 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 49.1 41.3 0.0 41.5 28.9 29.0 35.0 19.7 0.0 45.0 37.5 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 10.7 2.4 0.0 2.6 0.2 0.2 12.8 0.0 0.0 4.0 2.4 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.4 5.3 0.0 4.8 3.2 3.3 11.9 3.0 0.0 2.9 7.1 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 59.7 43.6 0.0 44.1 29.0 29.1 47.8 19.8 0.0 49.0 39.9 0.0 LnGrp LOS E D D C C D B D D
Approach Vol, veh/h 230 732 834 711
Approach Delay, s/veh 44.6 37.1 34.6 41.3
Approach LOS D D C D
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 33.2 26.7 6.7 33.2 13.7 46.2 19.8 20.1 Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 40.0 30.0 17.0 38.0 20.0 44.0 30.0 30.0 Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 26.8 18.5 2.7 10.1 8.4 9.6 13.3 13.6 Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.9 2.2 0.0 1.3 0.1 1.8 1.0 0.7 Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 38.1
HCM 6th LOS D
Notes
Unsignalized Delay for [NBR, EBR, SBR] is excluded from calculations of the approach delay and intersection delay.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
6: Cherry St & Robertson Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 10
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.8
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 7 0 13 10 0 35 10 908 30 26 1467 4
Future Vol, veh/h 7 0 13 10 0 35 10 908 30 26 1467 4
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - 100 - - 100 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Mvmt Flow 8 0 14 11 0 38 11 987 33 28 1595 4
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2169 2696 800 1881 2682 511 1599 0 0 1021 0 0 Stage 1 1653 1653 - 1027 1027 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 516 1043 - 854 1655 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.6 6.6 7 7.6 6.6 7 4.2 - - 4.2 - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Follow-up Hdwy 3.55 4.05 3.35 3.55 4.05 3.35 2.25 - - 2.25 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 25 20 322 42 21 500 392 - - 658 - -
Stage 1 99 150 - 245 303 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 502 298 - 313 149 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 22 19 322 38 20 500 392 - - 657 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 22 19 - 38 20 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 96 144 - 238 294 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 451 289 - 287 143 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 94.3 46.1 0.2 0.2
HCM LOS F E
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 392 - - 22 322 135 657 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.028 - - 0.346 0.044 0.362 0.043 - - HCM Control Delay (s) 14.4 - - 238.5 16.7 46.1 10.7 - - HCM Lane LOS B - - F C E B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 1 0.1 1.5 0.1 - -
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
7: Cherry St & Moores Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 11
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.4
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 2 1 13 7 1 48 35 872 10 71 1421 8
Future Vol, veh/h 2 1 13 7 1 48 35 872 10 71 1421 8
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - - - - 150 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 1 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91
Heavy Vehicles, % 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Mvmt Flow 2 1 14 8 1 53 38 958 11 78 1562 9
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2279 2768 786 1978 2767 485 1571 0 0 969 0 0 Stage 1 1723 1723 - 1040 1040 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 556 1045 - 938 1727 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.6 6.6 7 7.6 6.6 7 4.2 - - 4.2 - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Follow-up Hdwy 3.55 4.05 3.35 3.55 4.05 3.35 2.25 - - 2.25 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 21 18 329 35 18 520 402 - - 689 - -
Stage 1 90 138 - 241 299 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 475 297 - 278 137 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 14 13 329 24 13 520 402 - - 689 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 14 13 - 99 61 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 72 122 - 192 238 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 338 236 - 234 122 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 74.9 19.4 0.6 0.5
HCM LOS F C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 402 - - 14 329 312 689 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.096 - - 0.235 0.043 0.197 0.113 - - HCM Control Delay (s) 14.9 - -$ 328.5 16.4 19.4 10.9 - - HCM Lane LOS B - - F C C B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.3 - - 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.4 - -
Queues Existing
8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 12
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT SBL SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 9 591 674 304 16
v/c Ratio 0.04 0.42 0.53 0.58 0.03
Control Delay 26.9 10.9 14.0 21.2 8.7
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 26.9 10.9 14.0 21.2 8.7
Queue Length 50th (ft) 2 52 58 61 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) 18 115 183 208 13
Internal Link Dist (ft) 758 217 329
Turn Bay Length (ft) 180
Base Capacity (vph) 303 3319 3102 1310 1233
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.03 0.18 0.22 0.23 0.01
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 13
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 9 561 521 120 289 15
Future Volume (veh/h) 9 561 521 120 289 15
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1796 1796 1796 1796 1796 1870
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 9 591 548 126 304 16
Peak Hour Factor 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
Percent Heavy Veh, % 7 7 7 7 7 2
Cap, veh/h 16 1642 909 208 395 366
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.48 0.33 0.33 0.23 0.23
Sat Flow, veh/h 1711 3503 2835 629 1711 1585
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 9 591 340 334 304 16
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1711 1706 1706 1667 1711 1585
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.2 4.6 7.1 7.2 7.1 0.3
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.2 4.6 7.1 7.2 7.1 0.3
Prop In Lane 1.00 0.38 1.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 16 1642 565 552 395 366
V/C Ratio(X) 0.55 0.36 0.60 0.61 0.77 0.04
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 321 4797 2398 2343 1403 1300
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 21.1 6.9 11.9 11.9 15.4 12.8
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 26.4 0.1 1.0 1.1 3.2 0.0
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.2 1.2 2.3 2.3 2.7 0.1
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 47.4 7.1 13.0 13.0 18.6 12.8
LnGrp LOS D A B B B B
Approach Vol, veh/h 600 674 320
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.7 13.0 18.3
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.4 20.4 26.8 15.8
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 8.0 60.0 60.0 35.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.2 9.2 6.6 9.1
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 5.0 4.7 1.0
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 12.1
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
9: East Project Dwy & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 14
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.1
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 848 2 5 640 1 3
Future Vol, veh/h 848 2 5 640 1 3
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 1 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mvmt Flow 922 2 5 696 1 3
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 924 0 1281 462
Stage 1 - - - - 923 -
Stage 2 - - - - 358 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.14 - 6.84 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.84 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.84 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.22 - 3.52 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 735 - 157 547
Stage 1 - - - - 347 -
Stage 2 - - - - 678 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 735 - 156 547
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 270 -
Stage 1 - - - - 347 -
Stage 2 - - - - 673 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 13.4
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 435 - - 735 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.01 - - 0.007 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 13.4 - - 9.9 -
HCM Lane LOS B - - A -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0 -
Queues Existing
1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 1
Lane Group EBL EBT NBT NBR SBT SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 1014 803 804 259 404 33
v/c Ratio 0.94 0.77 0.88 0.44 0.44 0.02
Control Delay 34.1 16.0 42.9 5.8 28.4 0.0
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 34.1 16.0 42.9 5.8 28.4 0.0
Queue Length 50th (ft) 475 224 225 0 98 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) #885 475 295 54 140 0
Internal Link Dist (ft) 310 1104 275
Turn Bay Length (ft)
Base Capacity (vph) 1084 1047 1183 688 1183 1520
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.94 0.77 0.68 0.38 0.34 0.02
Intersection Summary
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 973 0 771 0 0 0 0 772 249 0 388 32 Future Volume (veh/h) 973 0 771 0 0 0 0 772 249 0 388 32 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1841 1841 1841 0 1841 1841 0 1841 1841 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 1014 0 803 0 804 259 0 404 0
Peak Hour Factor 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 Percent Heavy Veh, % 4 4 4 0 4 4 0 4 4
Cap, veh/h 1043 0 928 0 921 402 0 921
Arrive On Green 0.60 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.26 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1753 0 1560 0 3589 1527 0 3589 1560
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 1014 0 803 0 804 259 0 404 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1753 0 1560 0 1749 1527 0 1749 1560 Q Serve(g_s), s 39.3 0.0 30.4 0.0 15.5 10.6 0.0 6.8 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 39.3 0.0 30.4 0.0 15.5 10.6 0.0 6.8 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 1043 0 928 0 921 402 0 921
V/C Ratio(X) 0.97 0.00 0.86 0.00 0.87 0.64 0.00 0.44
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 1364 0 1214 0 1484 648 0 1484
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 13.7 0.0 11.9 0.0 24.9 23.1 0.0 21.7 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 14.6 0.0 4.4 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 16.5 0.0 9.5 0.0 6.3 3.7 0.0 2.7 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 28.4 0.0 16.3 0.0 26.9 23.7 0.0 21.8 0.0 LnGrp LOS C A B A C C A C
Approach Vol, veh/h 1817 1063 404
Approach Delay, s/veh 23.0 26.2 21.8
Approach LOS C C C
Timer - Assigned Phs 2 4 6
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 24.4 46.3 24.4
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.8 * 4.2 5.8
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 30.0 * 55 30.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 17.5 41.3 8.8
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 1.1 0.8 0.6
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 23.9
HCM 6th LOS C
Notes
* HCM 6th computational engine requires equal clearance times for the phases crossing the barrier.
User approved changes to right turn type.
Unsignalized Delay for [SBR] is excluded from calculations of the approach delay and intersection delay.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
2: Hickory St & Thornton Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 3
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.4
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 1003 7 4 490 12 10
Future Vol, veh/h 1003 7 4 490 12 10
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 130 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 0 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 94 94 94 94 94 94
Heavy Vehicles, % 9 9 9 9 9 2
Mvmt Flow 1067 7 4 521 13 11
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 1074 0 1340 1071
Stage 1 - - - - 1071 -
Stage 2 - - - - 269 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.235 - 6.735 6.23
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.535 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.935 -
Follow-up Hdwy - -2.2855 -3.5855 3.319
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 614 - 148 267
Stage 1 - - - - 315 -
Stage 2 - - - - 735 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 614 - 147 267
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 147 -
Stage 1 - - - - 315 -
Stage 2 - - - - 730 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 27.3
HCM LOS D
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 185 - - 614 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.127 - - 0.007 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 27.3 - - 10.9 -
HCM Lane LOS D - - B -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.4 - - 0 -
Queues Existing
3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 4
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL
Lane Group Flow (vph) 9 409 304 144 241
v/c Ratio 0.05 0.58 0.47 0.23 0.45
Control Delay 26.9 15.4 16.6 4.7 16.9
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 26.9 15.4 16.6 4.7 16.9
Queue Length 50th (ft) 2 70 48 0 44
Queue Length 95th (ft) 18 213 201 38 139
Internal Link Dist (ft) 412 694 661
Turn Bay Length (ft) 50
Base Capacity (vph) 1186 1776 1695 1416 1186
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.01 0.23 0.18 0.10 0.20
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 5
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 8 368 274 130 209 8
Future Volume (veh/h) 8 368 274 130 209 8
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1796 1796 1796 1796 1796 1796
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 9 409 304 144 232 9
Peak Hour Factor 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
Percent Heavy Veh, % 7 7 7 7 7 7
Cap, veh/h 12 806 478 395 313 12
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.45 0.27 0.27 0.19 0.19
Sat Flow, veh/h 1711 1796 1796 1488 1633 63
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 9 409 304 144 242 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1711 1796 1796 1488 1703 0
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.2 5.6 5.1 2.7 4.6 0.0
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.2 5.6 5.1 2.7 4.6 0.0
Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.04
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 12 806 478 395 326 0
V/C Ratio(X) 0.73 0.51 0.64 0.36 0.74 0.00
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 1502 3154 3154 2612 1495 0
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 16.9 6.7 11.1 10.2 13.0 0.0
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 26.3 0.4 1.1 0.4 3.3 0.0
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.1 1.3 1.6 0.7 1.7 0.0
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 43.2 7.1 12.1 10.6 16.4 0.0
LnGrp LOS D A B B B A
Approach Vol, veh/h 418 448 242
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.9 11.6 16.4
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.2 15.4 21.6 12.5
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 30.0 60.0 60.0 30.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.2 7.1 7.6 6.6
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 2.0 2.3 0.7
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 11.3
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
4: Morton Ave & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 6
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2.7
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 580 6 52 366 33 141
Future Vol, veh/h 580 6 52 366 33 141
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - - - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 8 8 8 8 8 8
Mvmt Flow 630 7 57 398 36 153
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 637 0 947 319
Stage 1 - - - - 634 -
Stage 2 - - - - 313 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.26 - 6.96 7.06
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.96 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.96 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.28 - 3.58 3.38
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 903 - 249 659
Stage 1 - - - - 475 -
Stage 2 - - - - 697 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 903 - 229 659
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 350 -
Stage 1 - - - - 475 -
Stage 2 - - - - 641 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 1.4 14.6
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 564 - - 903 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.335 - - 0.063 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 14.6 - - 9.3 0.3
HCM Lane LOS B - - A A
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 1.5 - - 0.2 -
Queues Existing
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 7
Lane Group EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBT SBL SBT
Lane Group Flow (vph) 8 358 741 174 260 468 1027 114 538 v/c Ratio 0.11 0.83 0.97 0.57 0.22 0.86 0.75 0.66 0.83
Control Delay 65.3 65.0 40.8 64.1 28.0 58.8 34.2 73.8 61.6 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 65.3 65.0 40.8 64.1 28.0 58.8 34.2 73.8 61.6 Queue Length 50th (ft) 7 283 220 72 68 363 344 92 226
Queue Length 95th (ft) 26 #491 #534 115 123 #614 479 161 301 Internal Link Dist (ft) 504 382 815 1595
Turn Bay Length (ft) 160 250 210 210
Base Capacity (vph) 231 430 763 792 1209 545 1363 272 815 Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.03 0.83 0.97 0.22 0.22 0.86 0.75 0.42 0.66 Intersection Summary
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 8
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 7 326 674 158 180 56 426 566 369 104 480 10 Future Volume (veh/h) 7 326 674 158 180 56 426 566 369 104 480 10 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 8 358 0 174 198 62 468 622 0 114 527 0 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh, % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cap, veh/h 14 409 252 759 230 507 1379 143 653
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.22 0.00 0.07 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.39 0.00 0.08 0.19 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1753 1841 1560 3401 2632 799 1753 3589 0 1753 3589 0 Grp Volume(v), veh/h 8 358 0 174 129 131 468 622 0 114 527 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1753 1841 1560 1700 1749 1683 1753 1749 0 1753 1749 0 Q Serve(g_s), s 0.4 18.1 0.0 4.8 5.5 5.8 25.0 12.7 0.0 6.2 13.9 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.4 18.1 0.0 4.8 5.5 5.8 25.0 12.7 0.0 6.2 13.9 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.47 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 14 409 252 504 485 507 1379 143 653 V/C Ratio(X) 0.57 0.88 0.69 0.26 0.27 0.92 0.45 0.80 0.81 Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 308 571 1056 688 662 726 1592 363 1086 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 47.8 36.3 0.0 43.6 26.4 26.5 33.3 21.6 0.0 43.6 37.6 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 12.8 8.4 0.0 2.5 0.1 0.1 12.5 0.1 0.0 3.8 0.9 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.2 9.0 0.0 2.1 2.3 2.3 12.1 5.1 0.0 2.8 6.0 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 60.6 44.7 0.0 46.1 26.5 26.6 45.8 21.6 0.0 47.4 38.6 0.0 LnGrp LOS E D D C C D C D D
Approach Vol, veh/h 366 434 1090 641
Approach Delay, s/veh 45.1 34.4 32.0 40.1
Approach LOS D C C D
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 33.5 23.5 6.3 33.4 13.4 43.6 12.7 27.0 Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 40.0 30.0 17.0 38.0 20.0 44.0 30.0 30.0 Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 27.0 15.9 2.4 7.8 8.2 14.7 6.8 20.1 Green Ext Time (p_c), s 1.0 2.1 0.0 1.0 0.1 3.0 0.4 1.0 Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 36.4
HCM 6th LOS D
Notes
Unsignalized Delay for [NBR, EBR, SBR] is excluded from calculations of the approach delay and intersection delay.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
6: Cherry St & Robertson Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 9
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 4.6
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 20 0 15 8 3 28 5 1328 45 31 1271 20
Future Vol, veh/h 20 0 15 8 3 28 5 1328 45 31 1271 20
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - 100 - - 100 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98
Heavy Vehicles, % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Mvmt Flow 20 0 15 8 3 29 5 1355 46 32 1297 20
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2061 2783 660 2101 2770 701 1318 0 0 1401 0 0 Stage 1 1372 1372 - 1388 1388 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 689 1411 - 713 1382 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.58 6.58 6.98 7.58 6.58 6.98 4.18 - - 4.18 - - Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Follow-up Hdwy 3.54 4.04 3.34 3.54 4.04 3.34 2.24 - - 2.24 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 31 18 401 29 18 377 510 - - 473 - -
Stage 1 151 208 - 147 205 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 397 199 - 384 206 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 23 17 401 26 17 377 510 - - 473 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 23 17 - 26 17 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 149 194 - 146 203 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 358 197 - 344 192 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 227.5 109.6 0 0.3
HCM LOS F F
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 510 - - 23 401 70 473 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.01 - - 0.887 0.038 0.569 0.067 - - HCM Control Delay (s) 12.1 - -$ 387.4 14.3 109.6 13.2 - - HCM Lane LOS B - - F B F B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 2.6 0.1 2.4 0.2 - -
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
7: Cherry St & Moores Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 10
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.9
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 3 0 29 3 1 17 11 1336 9 48 1252 2
Future Vol, veh/h 3 0 29 3 1 17 11 1336 9 48 1252 2
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - - - - 150 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 1 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93
Heavy Vehicles, % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Mvmt Flow 3 0 31 3 1 18 12 1437 10 52 1346 2
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2196 2923 675 2243 2919 725 1349 0 0 1447 0 0 Stage 1 1452 1452 - 1466 1466 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 744 1471 - 777 1453 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.58 6.58 6.98 7.58 6.58 6.98 4.18 - - 4.18 - - Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Follow-up Hdwy 3.54 4.04 3.34 3.54 4.04 3.34 2.24 - - 2.24 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 24 15 392 22 15 363 496 - - 454 - -
Stage 1 134 190 - 132 187 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 368 186 - 351 190 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 19 12 392 17 12 363 496 - - 454 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 19 12 - 81 78 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 117 168 - 116 164 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 304 163 - 286 168 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 35.1 23.5 0.1 0.5
HCM LOS E C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 496 - - 19 392 217 454 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.024 - - 0.17 0.08 0.104 0.114 - -
HCM Control Delay (s) 12.4 - - 229.9 15 23.5 13.9 - -
HCM Lane LOS B - - F C C B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 - -
Queues Existing
8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 11
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT SBL SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 13 826 664 244 15
v/c Ratio 0.06 0.54 0.48 0.51 0.03
Control Delay 25.3 11.0 11.7 20.7 9.2
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 25.3 11.0 11.7 20.7 9.2
Queue Length 50th (ft) 3 75 50 51 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) 21 145 156 158 13
Internal Link Dist (ft) 758 217 329
Turn Bay Length (ft) 180
Base Capacity (vph) 305 3438 3163 1320 1219
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.04 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.01
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing
8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 12
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 12 768 444 174 227 14
Future Volume (veh/h) 12 768 444 174 227 14
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1826 1826 1826 1826 1826 1870
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 13 826 477 187 244 15
Peak Hour Factor 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93
Percent Heavy Veh, % 5 5 5 5 5 2
Cap, veh/h 23 1740 819 319 331 301
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.50 0.34 0.34 0.19 0.19
Sat Flow, veh/h 1739 3561 2515 943 1739 1585
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 13 826 340 324 244 15
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1739 1735 1735 1632 1739 1585
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.3 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.3 0.3
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.3 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.3 0.3
Prop In Lane 1.00 0.58 1.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 23 1740 586 552 331 301
V/C Ratio(X) 0.56 0.47 0.58 0.59 0.74 0.05
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 349 5215 2608 2454 1525 1390
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 19.6 6.5 10.9 10.9 15.2 13.2
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 19.0 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.2 0.1
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.2 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.1
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 38.6 6.7 11.8 11.9 18.4 13.3
LnGrp LOS D A B B B B
Approach Vol, veh/h 839 664 259
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.2 11.9 18.2
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.5 19.8 26.3 13.6
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 8.0 60.0 60.0 35.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.3 8.5 8.2 7.3
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 5.0 7.2 0.8
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 10.6
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing
9: East Project Dwy & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 13
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.1
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 995 0 0 619 0 10
Future Vol, veh/h 995 0 0 619 0 10
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 1 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 1 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 93 93 93 93 93 93
Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mvmt Flow 1070 0 0 666 0 11
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 1071 0 1404 536
Stage 1 - - - - 1071 -
Stage 2 - - - - 333 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.14 - 6.84 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.84 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.84 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.22 - 3.52 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 647 - 131 489
Stage 1 - - - - 290 -
Stage 2 - - - - 698 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 646 - 131 489
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 233 -
Stage 1 - - - - 290 -
Stage 2 - - - - 698 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0 12.5
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 489 - - 646 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.022 - - - -
HCM Control Delay (s) 12.5 - - 0 -
HCM Lane LOS B - - A -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0 -
Queues Existing Plus Project
1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 1
Lane Group EBL EBT NBT NBR SBT SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 202 435 786 185 881 18
v/c Ratio 0.44 0.90 0.44 0.21 0.49 0.01
Control Delay 17.6 38.4 8.8 2.2 9.3 0.0
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 17.6 38.4 8.8 2.2 9.3 0.0
Queue Length 50th (ft) 45 88 73 0 85 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) 89 #222 111 24 128 0
Internal Link Dist (ft) 310 1104 275
Turn Bay Length (ft)
Base Capacity (vph) 538 547 1806 877 1806 1490
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.38 0.80 0.44 0.21 0.49 0.01
Intersection Summary
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 200 0 431 0 0 0 0 778 183 0 872 18 Future Volume (veh/h) 200 0 431 0 0 0 0 778 183 0 872 18 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1811 1811 1811 0 1811 1811 0 1811 1811 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 202 0 435 0 786 185 0 881 0
Peak Hour Factor 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 Percent Heavy Veh, % 6 6 6 0 6 6 0 6 6
Cap, veh/h 539 0 479 0 1678 732 0 1678
Arrive On Green 0.31 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.49 0.49 0.00 0.49 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1725 0 1535 0 3532 1502 0 3532 1535
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 202 0 435 0 786 185 0 881 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1725 0 1535 0 1721 1502 0 1721 1535 Q Serve(g_s), s 4.6 0.0 13.6 0.0 7.6 3.6 0.0 8.8 0.0
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 4.6 0.0 13.6 0.0 7.6 3.6 0.0 8.8 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 539 0 479 0 1678 732 0 1678
V/C Ratio(X) 0.37 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.47 0.25 0.00 0.53
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 545 0 485 0 1678 732 0 1678
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 13.4 0.0 16.5 0.0 8.5 7.5 0.0 8.8 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 0.2 0.0 20.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.0 1.2 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 1.5 0.0 6.7 0.0 2.4 1.1 0.0 2.8 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 13.5 0.0 36.6 0.0 9.4 8.3 0.0 10.0 0.0 LnGrp LOS B A D A A A A B
Approach Vol, veh/h 637 971 881
Approach Delay, s/veh 29.3 9.2 10.0
Approach LOS C A B
Timer - Assigned Phs 2 4 6
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 30.2 19.8 30.2
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.8 * 4.2 5.8
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 24.2 * 16 24.2
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 9.6 15.6 10.8
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 1.1 0.0 1.3
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 14.6
HCM 6th LOS B
Notes
User approved pedestrian interval to be less than phase max green. * HCM 6th computational engine requires equal clearance times for the phases crossing the barrier.
User approved changes to right turn type.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
2: Hickory St & Thornton Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 4
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.2
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 555 18 10 694 5 7
Future Vol, veh/h 555 18 10 694 5 7
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 130 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 0 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 95 95 95 95 95 95
Heavy Vehicles, % 7 7 7 7 7 7
Mvmt Flow 584 19 11 731 5 7
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 603 0 982 594
Stage 1 - - - - 594 -
Stage 2 - - - - 388 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.205 - 6.705 6.305
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.505 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.905 -
Follow-up Hdwy - -2.2665 -3.5665 3.3665
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 944 - 254 492
Stage 1 - - - - 538 -
Stage 2 - - - - 643 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 944 - 251 492
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 251 -
Stage 1 - - - - 538 -
Stage 2 - - - - 635 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 15.6
HCM LOS C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 351 - - 944 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.036 - - 0.011 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 15.6 - - 8.9 -
HCM Lane LOS C - - A -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0 -
Queues Existing Plus Project
3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 5
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL
Lane Group Flow (vph) 5 407 245 158 237
v/c Ratio 0.03 0.55 0.36 0.23 0.50
Control Delay 23.4 12.6 12.8 3.8 18.6
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 23.4 12.6 12.8 3.8 18.6
Queue Length 50th (ft) 1 65 35 0 42
Queue Length 95th (ft) 11 149 125 33 138
Internal Link Dist (ft) 412 694 661
Turn Bay Length (ft) 50
Base Capacity (vph) 1276 1792 1765 1504 1274
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.00 0.23 0.14 0.11 0.19
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 6
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 5 395 238 153 207 23
Future Volume (veh/h) 5 395 238 153 207 23
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1870
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 5 407 245 158 213 24
Peak Hour Factor 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97
Percent Heavy Veh, % 6 6 6 6 6 2
Cap, veh/h 7 777 426 361 276 31
Arrive On Green 0.00 0.43 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.18
Sat Flow, veh/h 1725 1811 1811 1535 1525 172
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 5 407 245 158 238 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1725 1811 1811 1535 1704 0
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.1 5.2 3.8 2.8 4.2 0.0
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.1 5.2 3.8 2.8 4.2 0.0
Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.10
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 7 777 426 361 309 0
V/C Ratio(X) 0.71 0.52 0.58 0.44 0.77 0.00
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 1639 3442 3442 2917 1619 0
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 15.7 6.6 10.7 10.3 12.3 0.0
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 38.9 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.5 0.0
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.0
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 54.6 7.0 11.6 10.9 13.8 0.0
LnGrp LOS D A B B B A
Approach Vol, veh/h 412 403 238
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.6 11.3 13.8
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.1 13.7 19.8 11.7
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 30.0 60.0 60.0 30.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.1 5.8 7.2 6.2
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 1.6 2.3 0.3
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 10.4
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
4: Morton Ave & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 7
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.8
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 568 21 129 390 8 48
Future Vol, veh/h 568 21 129 390 8 48
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - - - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 98 98 98 98 98 98
Heavy Vehicles, % 7 7 7 7 7 2
Mvmt Flow 580 21 132 398 8 49
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 601 0 1054 301
Stage 1 - - - - 591 -
Stage 2 - - - - 463 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.24 - 6.94 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.94 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.94 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.27 - 3.57 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 939 - 213 695
Stage 1 - - - - 503 -
Stage 2 - - - - 586 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 939 - 175 695
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 304 -
Stage 1 - - - - 503 -
Stage 2 - - - - 481 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 2.7 11.8
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 587 - - 939 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.097 - - 0.14 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 11.8 - - 9.5 0.5
HCM Lane LOS B - - A A
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.3 - - 0.5 -
Queues Existing Plus Project
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 8
Lane Group EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBT SBL SBT
Lane Group Flow (vph) 13 243 716 391 459 535 616 113 618 v/c Ratio 0.19 0.64 1.06 0.78 0.37 1.12 0.48 0.69 0.91
Control Delay 74.3 61.2 70.9 69.7 34.2 123.2 31.2 83.4 74.1 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 74.3 61.2 70.9 69.7 34.2 123.2 31.2 83.4 74.1 Queue Length 50th (ft) 12 210 ~381 184 153 ~578 196 104 296 Queue Length 95th (ft) 37 322 #657 241 230 #855 290 172 #422 Internal Link Dist (ft) 504 382 815 1595
Turn Bay Length (ft) 160 250 210 210
Base Capacity (vph) 204 378 677 698 1235 479 1274 240 717 Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.06 0.64 1.06 0.56 0.37 1.12 0.48 0.47 0.86 Intersection Summary
~ Volume exceeds capacity, queue is theoretically infinite.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 9
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 12 228 673 368 379 53 503 369 210 106 562 19 Future Volume (veh/h) 12 228 673 368 379 53 503 369 210 106 562 19 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 1811 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 13 243 0 391 403 56 535 393 0 113 598 0 Peak Hour Factor 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 Percent Heavy Veh, % 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Cap, veh/h 20 282 463 855 118 557 1526 138 690
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.14 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.44 0.00 0.08 0.20 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1725 1811 1535 3346 3031 418 1725 3532 0 1725 3532 0 Grp Volume(v), veh/h 13 243 0 391 228 231 535 393 0 113 598 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1725 1811 1535 1673 1721 1729 1725 1721 0 1725 1721 0 Q Serve(g_s), s 0.9 15.8 0.0 13.7 13.2 13.4 36.7 8.6 0.0 7.8 20.3 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.9 15.8 0.0 13.7 13.2 13.4 36.7 8.6 0.0 7.8 20.3 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.24 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 20 282 463 485 488 557 1526 138 690 V/C Ratio(X) 0.64 0.86 0.84 0.47 0.47 0.96 0.26 0.82 0.87 Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 243 451 833 543 545 573 1526 286 857 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 59.3 49.6 0.0 50.7 35.8 35.8 40.0 21.1 0.0 54.6 46.6 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 12.0 5.6 0.0 3.2 0.3 0.3 27.4 0.0 0.0 4.5 6.8 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.5 7.6 0.0 6.0 5.6 5.7 19.6 3.5 0.0 3.5 9.3 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 71.3 55.2 0.0 53.9 36.0 36.1 67.5 21.1 0.0 59.1 53.4 0.0 LnGrp LOS E E D D D E C E D
Approach Vol, veh/h 256 850 928 711
Approach Delay, s/veh 56.0 44.3 47.8 54.3
Approach LOS E D D D
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 44.4 29.7 6.9 39.5 15.1 58.9 22.2 24.2 Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 40.0 30.0 17.0 38.0 20.0 44.0 30.0 30.0 Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 38.7 22.3 2.9 15.4 9.8 10.6 15.7 17.8 Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.2 1.8 0.0 1.8 0.1 1.8 0.9 0.7 Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 49.2
HCM 6th LOS D
Notes
Unsignalized Delay for [NBR, EBR, SBR] is excluded from calculations of the approach delay and intersection delay.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
6: Cherry St & Robertson Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 10
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 7 0 13 10 0 35 10 996 30 26 1487 4
Future Vol, veh/h 7 0 13 10 0 35 10 996 30 26 1487 4
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - 100 - - 100 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Mvmt Flow 8 0 14 11 0 38 11 1083 33 28 1616 4
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2238 2813 810 1987 2799 559 1620 0 0 1117 0 0 Stage 1 1674 1674 - 1123 1123 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 564 1139 - 864 1676 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.6 6.6 7 7.6 6.6 7 4.2 - - 4.2 - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Follow-up Hdwy 3.55 4.05 3.35 3.55 4.05 3.35 2.25 - - 2.25 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 22 17 317 35 17 465 384 - - 604 - -
Stage 1 96 146 - 214 273 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 470 268 - 309 146 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 19 16 317 32 16 465 384 - - 603 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 19 16 - 32 16 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 93 139 - 208 265 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 419 260 - 282 139 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 111.9 57 0.1 0.2
HCM LOS F F
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 384 - - 19 317 116 603 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.028 - - 0.4 0.045 0.422 0.047 - -
HCM Control Delay (s) 14.6 - - 288.4 16.9 57 11.3 - -
HCM Lane LOS B - - F C F B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 1.1 0.1 1.8 0.1 - -
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
7: Cherry St & Moores Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 11
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.5
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 2 1 13 7 1 48 35 960 10 71 1441 8
Future Vol, veh/h 2 1 13 7 1 48 35 960 10 71 1441 8
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - - - - 150 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 1 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91
Heavy Vehicles, % 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Mvmt Flow 2 1 14 8 1 53 38 1055 11 78 1584 9
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2349 2887 797 2086 2886 533 1593 0 0 1066 0 0 Stage 1 1745 1745 - 1137 1137 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 604 1142 - 949 1749 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.6 6.6 7 7.6 6.6 7 4.2 - - 4.2 - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.6 5.6 - 6.6 5.6 - - - - - - -
Follow-up Hdwy 3.55 4.05 3.35 3.55 4.05 3.35 2.25 - - 2.25 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 18 15 323 29 15 484 394 - - 632 - -
Stage 1 87 134 - 210 269 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 445 267 - 274 134 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 12 10 323 19 10 484 394 - - 632 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 12 10 - 88 56 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 66 118 - 160 205 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 301 204 - 227 118 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 95.6 21.1 0.5 0.5
HCM LOS F C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 394 - - 11 323 285 632 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.098 - - 0.3 0.044 0.216 0.123 - -
HCM Control Delay (s) 15.1 - -$ 437.3 16.7 21.1 11.5 - - HCM Lane LOS C - - F C C B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.3 - - 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.4 - -
Queues Existing Plus Project
8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 12
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT SBL SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 9 642 686 304 16
v/c Ratio 0.04 0.46 0.54 0.58 0.03
Control Delay 27.1 11.2 14.1 21.4 8.7
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 27.1 11.2 14.1 21.4 8.7
Queue Length 50th (ft) 2 58 60 62 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) 19 127 187 210 14
Internal Link Dist (ft) 758 217 329
Turn Bay Length (ft) 180
Base Capacity (vph) 301 3313 3097 1302 1225
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.03 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.01
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 13
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 9 610 532 120 289 15
Future Volume (veh/h) 9 610 532 120 289 15
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1796 1796 1796 1796 1796 1870
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 9 642 560 126 304 16
Peak Hour Factor 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
Percent Heavy Veh, % 7 7 7 7 7 2
Cap, veh/h 16 1651 924 207 394 365
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.48 0.34 0.34 0.23 0.23
Sat Flow, veh/h 1711 3503 2847 618 1711 1585
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 9 642 346 340 304 16
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1711 1706 1706 1669 1711 1585
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.2 5.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 0.3
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.2 5.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 0.3
Prop In Lane 1.00 0.37 1.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 16 1651 572 559 394 365
V/C Ratio(X) 0.55 0.39 0.60 0.61 0.77 0.04
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 318 4758 2379 2327 1391 1289
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 21.2 7.1 11.9 12.0 15.5 12.9
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 26.4 0.1 1.0 1.1 3.2 0.0
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.2 1.3 2.4 2.3 2.7 0.1
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 47.6 7.2 13.0 13.0 18.7 12.9
LnGrp LOS D A B B B B
Approach Vol, veh/h 651 686 320
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.8 13.0 18.4
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.4 20.7 27.1 15.9
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 8.0 60.0 60.0 35.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.2 9.3 7.1 9.2
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 5.1 5.2 1.0
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 12.0
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
9: East Project Dwy & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 14
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.1
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 888 2 8 836 1 7
Future Vol, veh/h 888 2 8 836 1 7
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 1 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mvmt Flow 965 2 9 909 1 8
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 967 0 1439 484
Stage 1 - - - - 966 -
Stage 2 - - - - 473 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.14 - 6.84 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.84 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.84 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.22 - 3.52 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 708 - 124 529
Stage 1 - - - - 330 -
Stage 2 - - - - 593 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 708 - 122 529
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 242 -
Stage 1 - - - - 330 -
Stage 2 - - - - 585 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 13
HCM LOS B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 461 - - 708 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.019 - - 0.012 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 13 - - 10.1 -
HCM Lane LOS B - - B -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0 -
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
10: West Project Dwy & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 15
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.8
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 850 49 196 641 11 40
Future Vol, veh/h 850 49 196 641 11 40
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 1 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 0 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mvmt Flow 924 53 213 697 12 43
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 977 0 1726 489
Stage 1 - - - - 951 -
Stage 2 - - - - 775 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.14 - 6.84 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.84 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.84 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.22 - 3.52 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 702 - 80 525
Stage 1 - - - - 336 -
Stage 2 - - - - 415 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 702 - 56 525
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 167 -
Stage 1 - - - - 336 -
Stage 2 - - - - 289 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 2.9 16.9
HCM LOS C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 359 - - 702 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.154 - - 0.303 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 16.9 - - 12.3 -
HCM Lane LOS C - - B -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.5 - - 1.3 -
Queues Existing Plus Project
1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 1
Lane Group EBL EBT NBT NBR SBT SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 1014 827 854 259 411 33
v/c Ratio 0.95 0.80 0.90 0.43 0.43 0.02
Control Delay 36.9 18.3 44.5 5.6 28.1 0.0
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 36.9 18.3 44.5 5.6 28.1 0.0
Queue Length 50th (ft) 504 260 244 0 100 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) #885 #597 318 54 142 0
Internal Link Dist (ft) 310 1104 275
Turn Bay Length (ft)
Base Capacity (vph) 1066 1030 1163 681 1163 1520
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.95 0.80 0.73 0.38 0.35 0.02
Intersection Summary
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 1: Thornton Ave & SR-84 EB Ramp Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 973 0 794 0 0 0 0 820 249 0 395 32 Future Volume (veh/h) 973 0 794 0 0 0 0 820 249 0 395 32 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1841 1841 1841 0 1841 1841 0 1841 1841 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 1014 0 827 0 854 259 0 411 0
Peak Hour Factor 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 Percent Heavy Veh, % 4 4 4 0 4 4 0 4 4
Cap, veh/h 1041 0 927 0 962 420 0 962
Arrive On Green 0.59 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.28 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1753 0 1560 0 3589 1527 0 3589 1560
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 1014 0 827 0 854 259 0 411 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1753 0 1560 0 1749 1527 0 1749 1560 Q Serve(g_s), s 42.5 0.0 35.0 0.0 17.9 11.3 0.0 7.4 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 42.5 0.0 35.0 0.0 17.9 11.3 0.0 7.4 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 1041 0 927 0 962 420 0 962
V/C Ratio(X) 0.97 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.89 0.62 0.00 0.43
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 1262 0 1123 0 1374 600 0 1374
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 14.9 0.0 13.4 0.0 26.6 24.2 0.0 22.7 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 16.8 0.0 7.2 0.0 4.2 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 18.7 0.0 12.0 0.0 7.6 4.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 31.8 0.0 20.6 0.0 30.7 24.7 0.0 22.9 0.0 LnGrp LOS C A C A C C A C
Approach Vol, veh/h 1841 1113 411
Approach Delay, s/veh 26.8 29.3 22.9
Approach LOS C C C
Timer - Assigned Phs 2 4 6
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 26.8 49.6 26.8
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.8 * 4.2 5.8
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 30.0 * 55 30.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 19.9 44.5 9.4
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 1.1 0.8 0.6
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 27.1
HCM 6th LOS C
Notes
* HCM 6th computational engine requires equal clearance times for the phases crossing the barrier.
User approved changes to right turn type.
Unsignalized Delay for [SBR] is excluded from calculations of the approach delay and intersection delay.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
2: Hickory St & Thornton Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 3
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.4
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 1033 7 4 538 12 10
Future Vol, veh/h 1033 7 4 538 12 10
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 130 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 0 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 94 94 94 94 94 94
Heavy Vehicles, % 9 9 9 9 9 2
Mvmt Flow 1099 7 4 572 13 11
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 1106 0 1397 1103
Stage 1 - - - - 1103 -
Stage 2 - - - - 294 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.235 - 6.735 6.23
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.535 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.935 -
Follow-up Hdwy - -2.2855 -3.5855 3.319
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 597 - 136 256
Stage 1 - - - - 304 -
Stage 2 - - - - 713 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 597 - 135 256
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 135 -
Stage 1 - - - - 304 -
Stage 2 - - - - 708 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 29.2
HCM LOS D
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 172 - - 597 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.136 - - 0.007 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 29.2 - - 11.1 -
HCM Lane LOS D - - B -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.5 - - 0 -
Queues Existing Plus Project
3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 4
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL
Lane Group Flow (vph) 9 442 358 144 241
v/c Ratio 0.05 0.60 0.52 0.22 0.46
Control Delay 28.6 15.5 17.0 4.4 18.2
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 28.6 15.5 17.0 4.4 18.2
Queue Length 50th (ft) 2 80 61 0 47
Queue Length 95th (ft) 19 231 238 37 152
Internal Link Dist (ft) 412 694 661
Turn Bay Length (ft) 50
Base Capacity (vph) 1140 1776 1679 1404 1140
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.01 0.25 0.21 0.10 0.21
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 3: Central Ave & Filbert St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 5
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 8 398 322 130 209 8
Future Volume (veh/h) 8 398 322 130 209 8
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1796 1796 1796 1796 1796 1796
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 9 442 358 144 232 9
Peak Hour Factor 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
Percent Heavy Veh, % 7 7 7 7 7 7
Cap, veh/h 12 842 530 439 311 12
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.47 0.30 0.30 0.19 0.19
Sat Flow, veh/h 1711 1796 1796 1488 1633 63
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 9 442 358 144 242 0
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1711 1796 1796 1488 1703 0
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.2 6.3 6.3 2.7 4.8 0.0
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.2 6.3 6.3 2.7 4.8 0.0
Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.04
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 12 842 530 439 324 0
V/C Ratio(X) 0.73 0.53 0.68 0.33 0.75 0.00
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 1423 2989 2989 2476 1417 0
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 17.9 6.8 11.2 9.9 13.8 0.0
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 26.5 0.4 1.1 0.3 3.4 0.0
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.2 1.5 2.0 0.7 1.8 0.0
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 44.4 7.1 12.3 10.2 17.2 0.0
LnGrp LOS D A B B B A
Approach Vol, veh/h 451 502 242
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.9 11.7 17.2
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.3 16.9 23.2 12.9
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 30.0 60.0 60.0 30.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.2 8.3 8.3 6.8
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 2.3 2.5 0.7
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 11.4
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
4: Morton Ave & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 6
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2.6
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 610 6 52 414 33 141
Future Vol, veh/h 610 6 52 414 33 141
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - - - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 8 8 8 8 8 8
Mvmt Flow 663 7 57 450 36 153
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 670 0 1006 335
Stage 1 - - - - 667 -
Stage 2 - - - - 339 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.26 - 6.96 7.06
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.96 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.96 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.28 - 3.58 3.38
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 877 - 228 644
Stage 1 - - - - 456 -
Stage 2 - - - - 676 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 877 - 208 644
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 331 -
Stage 1 - - - - 456 -
Stage 2 - - - - 617 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 1.3 15
HCM LOS C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 546 - - 877 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.346 - - 0.064 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 15 - - 9.4 0.3
HCM Lane LOS C - - A A
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 1.5 - - 0.2 -
Queues Existing Plus Project
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 7
Lane Group EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBT SBL SBT
Lane Group Flow (vph) 8 466 827 174 335 526 1027 114 538 v/c Ratio 0.11 1.08 1.08 0.57 0.28 0.97 0.75 0.66 0.83
Control Delay 65.3 114.0 74.9 64.1 30.2 75.0 34.2 73.8 61.6 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 65.3 114.0 74.9 64.1 30.2 75.0 34.2 73.8 61.6 Queue Length 50th (ft) 7 ~431 ~408 72 95 428 344 92 226 Queue Length 95th (ft) 26 #709 #701 115 163 #729 479 161 301 Internal Link Dist (ft) 504 382 815 1595
Turn Bay Length (ft) 160 250 210 210
Base Capacity (vph) 231 430 763 792 1215 545 1363 272 815 Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.03 1.08 1.08 0.22 0.28 0.97 0.75 0.42 0.66 Intersection Summary
~ Volume exceeds capacity, queue is theoretically infinite.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 8
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 7 424 753 158 248 56 479 566 369 104 480 10 Future Volume (veh/h) 7 424 753 158 248 56 479 566 369 104 480 10 Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Work Zone On Approach No No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 8 466 0 174 273 62 526 622 0 114 527 0 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh, % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cap, veh/h 14 464 239 891 199 552 1444 140 623
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.25 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.41 0.00 0.08 0.18 0.00 Sat Flow, veh/h 1753 1841 1560 3401 2833 632 1753 3589 0 1753 3589 0 Grp Volume(v), veh/h 8 466 0 174 167 168 526 622 0 114 527 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1753 1841 1560 1700 1749 1716 1753 1749 0 1753 1749 0 Q Serve(g_s), s 0.5 30.0 0.0 6.0 8.6 8.9 34.9 15.1 0.0 7.6 17.3 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.5 30.0 0.0 6.0 8.6 8.9 34.9 15.1 0.0 7.6 17.3 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.37 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 14 464 239 550 540 552 1444 140 623 V/C Ratio(X) 0.58 1.00 0.73 0.30 0.31 0.95 0.43 0.82 0.85 Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 251 464 858 559 548 589 1444 295 882 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 58.8 44.5 0.0 54.2 30.9 31.0 39.9 24.9 0.0 53.9 47.3 0.0 Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 13.8 42.7 0.0 3.2 0.1 0.1 25.0 0.1 0.0 4.3 3.9 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.3 19.1 0.0 2.7 3.7 3.7 18.7 6.3 0.0 3.5 7.9 0.0 Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 72.6 87.2 0.0 57.4 31.0 31.1 64.9 25.0 0.0 58.2 51.2 0.0 LnGrp LOS E F E C C E C E D
Approach Vol, veh/h 474 509 1148 641
Approach Delay, s/veh 87.0 40.1 43.3 52.5
Approach LOS F D D D
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 42.9 26.7 6.4 42.9 15.0 54.6 13.8 35.5 Change Period (Y+Rc), s 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 40.0 30.0 17.0 38.0 20.0 44.0 30.0 30.0 Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 36.9 19.3 2.5 10.9 9.6 17.1 8.0 32.0 Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.5 1.8 0.0 1.3 0.1 3.0 0.4 0.0 Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 52.3
HCM 6th LOS D
Notes
Unsignalized Delay for [NBR, EBR, SBR] is excluded from calculations of the approach delay and intersection delay.
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
6: Cherry St & Robertson Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 9
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 5.7
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 20 0 15 8 3 28 5 1381 45 31 1350 20
Future Vol, veh/h 20 0 15 8 3 28 5 1381 45 31 1350 20
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - 100 - - 100 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98
Heavy Vehicles, % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Mvmt Flow 20 0 15 8 3 29 5 1409 46 32 1378 20
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2169 2918 700 2195 2905 728 1399 0 0 1455 0 0 Stage 1 1453 1453 - 1442 1442 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 716 1465 - 753 1463 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.58 6.58 6.98 7.58 6.58 6.98 4.18 - - 4.18 - - Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Follow-up Hdwy 3.54 4.04 3.34 3.54 4.04 3.34 2.24 - - 2.24 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 26 15 377 24 15 361 474 - - 451 - -
Stage 1 134 190 - 136 192 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 383 187 - 363 188 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver ~ 19 14 377 22 14 361 474 - - 451 - - Mov Cap-2 Maneuver ~ 19 14 - 22 14 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 133 176 - 135 190 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 343 185 - 324 174 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s$ 300.3 147.3 0 0.3
HCM LOS F F
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 474 - - 19 377 59 451 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.011 - - 1.074 0.041 0.675 0.07 - - HCM Control Delay (s) 12.7 - -$ 514.2 15 147.3 13.6 - - HCM Lane LOS B - - F C F B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 2.9 0.1 2.8 0.2 - -
Notes
~: Volume exceeds capacity $: Delay exceeds 300s +: Computation Not Defined *: All major volume in platoon HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
7: Cherry St & Moores Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 10
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 3 0 29 3 1 17 11 1389 9 48 1331 2
Future Vol, veh/h 3 0 29 3 1 17 11 1389 9 48 1331 2
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free Free RT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - None
Storage Length - - 25 - - - - - - 150 - -
Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 1 - - 0 - - 0 -
Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93
Heavy Vehicles, % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Mvmt Flow 3 0 31 3 1 18 12 1494 10 52 1431 2
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 2310 3065 718 2343 3061 753 1434 0 0 1504 0 0 Stage 1 1537 1537 - 1523 1523 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 773 1528 - 820 1538 - - - - - - -
Critical Hdwy 7.58 6.58 6.98 7.58 6.58 6.98 4.18 - - 4.18 - - Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.58 5.58 - 6.58 5.58 - - - - - - - Follow-up Hdwy 3.54 4.04 3.34 3.54 4.04 3.34 2.24 - - 2.24 - - Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 20 12 367 19 12 348 460 - - 432 - -
Stage 1 119 173 - 121 175 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 353 174 - 331 172 - - - - - - -
Platoon blocked, % - - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 15 9 367 14 9 348 460 - - 432 - -
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 15 9 - 72 69 - - - - - - -
Stage 1 100 152 - 102 147 - - - - - - -
Stage 2 279 146 - 266 151 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Control Delay, s 42.5 25.3 0.1 0.5
HCM LOS E D
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBR EBLn1 EBLn2WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR Capacity (veh/h) 460 - - 15 367 200 432 - -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.026 - - 0.215 0.085 0.113 0.119 - - HCM Control Delay (s) 13 - -$ 301.7 15.7 25.3 14.5 - -
HCM Lane LOS B - - F C D B - -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 - -
Queues Existing Plus Project
8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 11
Lane Group EBL EBT WBT SBL SBR
Lane Group Flow (vph) 13 858 716 244 15
v/c Ratio 0.06 0.54 0.50 0.51 0.03
Control Delay 26.6 11.1 12.2 21.5 9.6
Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 26.6 11.1 12.2 21.5 9.6
Queue Length 50th (ft) 3 80 57 52 0
Queue Length 95th (ft) 22 156 175 166 13
Internal Link Dist (ft) 758 217 329
Turn Bay Length (ft) 180
Base Capacity (vph) 295 3415 3147 1289 1191
Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.04 0.25 0.23 0.19 0.01
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Signalized Intersection Summary Existing Plus Project 8: Central Ave & Sycamore St Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 12
Movement EBL EBT WBT WBR SBL SBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Volume (veh/h) 12 798 492 174 227 14
Future Volume (veh/h) 12 798 492 174 227 14
Initial Q (Qb), veh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
Parking Bus, Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Work Zone On Approach No No No
Adj Sat Flow, veh/h/ln 1826 1826 1826 1826 1826 1870
Adj Flow Rate, veh/h 13 858 529 187 244 15
Peak Hour Factor 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93
Percent Heavy Veh, % 5 5 5 5 5 2
Cap, veh/h 23 1780 886 312 329 300
Arrive On Green 0.01 0.51 0.35 0.35 0.19 0.19
Sat Flow, veh/h 1739 3561 2592 880 1739 1585
Grp Volume(v), veh/h 13 858 366 350 244 15
Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1739 1735 1735 1645 1739 1585
Q Serve(g_s), s 0.3 6.6 7.1 7.2 5.5 0.3
Cycle Q Clear(g_c), s 0.3 6.6 7.1 7.2 5.5 0.3
Prop In Lane 1.00 0.53 1.00 1.00
Lane Grp Cap(c), veh/h 23 1780 615 583 329 300
V/C Ratio(X) 0.56 0.48 0.60 0.60 0.74 0.05
Avail Cap(c_a), veh/h 337 5040 2520 2390 1474 1343
HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Uniform Delay (d), s/veh 20.3 6.5 10.9 10.9 15.8 13.7
Incr Delay (d2), s/veh 19.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.3 0.1
Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
%ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/ln 0.2 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.1 0.1
Unsig. Movement Delay, s/veh
LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 39.4 6.7 11.8 11.9 19.1 13.8
LnGrp LOS D A B B B B
Approach Vol, veh/h 871 716 259
Approach Delay, s/veh 7.2 11.9 18.8
Approach LOS A B B
Timer - Assigned Phs 1 2 6 8
Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc), s 6.6 20.9 27.5 13.8
Change Period (Y+Rc), s 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0
Max Green Setting (Gmax), s 8.0 60.0 60.0 35.0
Max Q Clear Time (g_c+I1), s 2.3 9.2 8.6 7.5
Green Ext Time (p_c), s 0.0 5.4 7.6 0.8
Intersection Summary
HCM 6th Ctrl Delay 10.6
HCM 6th LOS B
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
9: East Project Dwy & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 13
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.1
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 1175 1 7 733 3 7
Future Vol, veh/h 1175 1 7 733 3 7
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 1 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 1 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 1 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 93 93 93 93 93 93
Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mvmt Flow 1263 1 8 788 3 8
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 1265 0 1675 633
Stage 1 - - - - 1265 -
Stage 2 - - - - 410 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.14 - 6.84 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.84 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.84 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.22 - 3.52 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 545 - 86 422
Stage 1 - - - - 229 -
Stage 2 - - - - 638 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 544 - 85 422
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 181 -
Stage 1 - - - - 229 -
Stage 2 - - - - 628 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 0.1 17.4
HCM LOS C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 302 - - 544 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.036 - - 0.014 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 17.4 - - 11.7 -
HCM Lane LOS C - - B -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0 -
HCM 6th TWSC Existing Plus Project
10: West Project Dwy & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak Newark Prologis Synchro 11 Report
Kimley-Horn Page 14
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 4.6
Movement EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBR
Lane Configurations
Traffic Vol, veh/h 996 29 115 621 45 180
Future Vol, veh/h 996 29 115 621 45 180
Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign Control Free Free Free Free Stop Stop
RT Channelized - None - None - None
Storage Length - - 1 - 0 -
Veh in Median Storage, # 0 - - 0 0 -
Grade, % 0 - - 0 0 -
Peak Hour Factor 92 92 92 92 92 92
Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mvmt Flow 1083 32 125 675 49 196
Major/Minor Major1 Major2 Minor1
Conflicting Flow All 0 0 1115 0 1687 558
Stage 1 - - - - 1099 -
Stage 2 - - - - 588 -
Critical Hdwy - - 4.14 - 6.84 6.94
Critical Hdwy Stg 1 - - - - 5.84 -
Critical Hdwy Stg 2 - - - - 5.84 -
Follow-up Hdwy - - 2.22 - 3.52 3.32
Pot Cap-1 Maneuver - - 622 - 85 473
Stage 1 - - - - 281 -
Stage 2 - - - - 518 -
Platoon blocked, % - - -
Mov Cap-1 Maneuver - - 622 - 68 473
Mov Cap-2 Maneuver - - - - 182 -
Stage 1 - - - - 281 -
Stage 2 - - - - 414 -
Approach EB WB NB
HCM Control Delay, s 0 1.9 34.2
HCM LOS D
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBLn1 EBT EBR WBL WBT
Capacity (veh/h) 358 - - 622 -
HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.683 - - 0.201 -
HCM Control Delay (s) 34.2 - - 12.2 -
HCM Lane LOS D - - B -
HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 4.8 - - 0.7 -
Queues Existing Plus Project_Improvement
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: AM Peak
03-Ex+P AM_Improvement Newark Prologis 3:41 pm 09/13/2022 Existing Plus Project_Improvement Synchro 11 Report Kimley-Horn Page 1
Lane Group EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBT SBL SBT
Lane Group Flow (vph) 13 243 716 391 459 535 616 113 618 v/c Ratio 0.22 0.74 1.03 0.82 0.41 1.05 0.43 0.71 0.97
Control Delay 78.8 71.8 58.1 76.4 39.0 84.4 26.9 88.5 89.1 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 78.8 71.8 58.1 76.4 39.0 84.4 26.9 88.5 89.1 Queue Length 50th (ft) 12 225 ~309 190 166 ~333 187 108 316 Queue Length 95th (ft) 37 #346 #566 250 242 #573 259 174 #454 Internal Link Dist (ft) 504 382 815 1595
Turn Bay Length (ft) 160 250 210 210
Base Capacity (vph) 63 328 696 536 1124 510 1420 212 634 Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.21 0.74 1.03 0.73 0.41 1.05 0.43 0.53 0.97 Intersection Summary
~ Volume exceeds capacity, queue is theoretically infinite.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
Queues Existing Plus Project_Improvement
5: Cherry St & Central Ave Timing Plan: PM Peak
04-Ex+P PM_Improvement Newark Prologis 3:42 pm 09/13/2022 Existing Plus Project_Improvement Synchro 11 Report Kimley-Horn Page 1
Lane Group EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT NBL NBT SBL SBT
Lane Group Flow (vph) 8 466 827 174 335 526 1027 114 538 v/c Ratio 0.17 0.92 0.94 0.87 0.27 0.98 0.71 0.74 0.93
Control Delay 79.6 75.3 30.1 106.4 32.4 69.5 34.8 92.0 84.7 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Delay 79.6 75.3 30.1 106.4 32.4 69.5 34.8 92.0 84.7 Queue Length 50th (ft) 8 438 235 88 111 ~381 395 110 275 Queue Length 95th (ft) 28 #636 #558 #161 167 #629 491 178 #385 Internal Link Dist (ft) 504 382 815 1595
Turn Bay Length (ft) 160 250 210 210
Base Capacity (vph) 47 535 897 199 1232 536 1438 190 596 Starvation Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spillback Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage Cap Reductn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reduced v/c Ratio 0.17 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.27 0.98 0.71 0.60 0.90 Intersection Summary
~ Volume exceeds capacity, queue is theoretically infinite.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
# 95th percentile volume exceeds capacity, queue may be longer.
Queue shown is maximum after two cycles.
CENTRAL AVE
+/- 315,390 SF
TRAILER STORAGE - 45 DEG
FUTURE OVERPASS
32 DOCK DOORS (+14 DOOR KNOCK OUTS)
OFFICE
WITH MEZZ
STORAGE
FUTURE
OVERPASS
TYP
55'60'
TRAILER
5'
37' 50'
26' 25'
40' 40' 446'
40'
340'
104'
60'
116'
TYP
46' 56' 58'
1000'
AREA BELOW OVERPASS
(NO STREET ACCESS)
OUTDOOR AMENITY
jacksonliles.com / 415.621.1799
1" = 160'-0"
A-7.2 MARKETING PLAN
6/10/25
6756 Central Ave
Newark, CA 94560
CENTRAL AVENUE
R21' R47'
R47'
R21'
R21' R47'
R21' R47'
154.14'
291.01'
120.38' 358' 398.66'
150.61'
290.56' 81.64' 104.33' 229.47' 320.5'
386.89'
R21'
R21'
R21'
R21' 16' 16'
FIRE TRUCK EXHIBIT EX
2850 Collier Canyon Road
Livermore, CA 94551
Phone: (925) 245-8788
www.kierwright.com MAY 1, 2023 OF 1 SHEETS SHEET DATE SCALE DESIGNER JOB NO. A12586-6 NO. REVISION NO. BY REVISION BY
PROLOGIS
6750 CENTRAL AVENUE APNEWARK, CALIFORNIA
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Resolution No. 2022 1 of 30
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
RESOLUTION NO. 2022
RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE
CITY OF NEWARK APPROVING DR2022-010, U2024-001,
AND MUP2024-001, A DESIGN REVIEW, CONDITIONAL USE
PERMIT, AND MINOR USE PERMIT FOR A NEW
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AND ASSOCIATED ON-SITE
IMPROVEMENTS AT 6756 – 6792 CENTRAL AVENUE (APN:
92A-2165-14, -15, -16, AND -17)
WHEREAS, Ryan Marshall, (the “Applicant”) and Prologis LP (the “Property Owner”), filed with the City of Newark an application for a Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (APN 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17) (the “Project”); and WHEREAS, the property at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (the “Project site”) has a combined lot size of approximately 756,061 square feet (17.4 acres) and has a General Plan LandUse designation of General Industrial and is currently zoned GI: General Industrial; and WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Design Review, which pursuant to Newark Municipal Code (NMC) §17.34.020 is required for all projects that require a permit for new construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, alteration, or other improvements to the exterior of a structure, site, or a parking area. Approval of the Design Review requires the Project to meet the Design Review criteria pursuant to NMC §17.34.060 to the extent that they apply; and WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Conditional Use Permit, which pursuant to NMC §17.09.020, an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and a “wholesaling and distribution” use requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit. Approval of the Conditional Use Permit requires the Project to meet all the following Use Permit findings pursuant to NMC §17.35.060; and
WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Minor Use Permit, which pursuant to NMC §17.17.040(A)(2), an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet tall within the minimum required 10-foot front setback area requires approval of a Minor Use Permit. Approval of the Minor Permit requires the Project to meet all the following Minor Use Permit findings pursuant to NMC §17.35.060 and NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii); and WHEREAS, a California Environmental Quality Act (the "CEQA") analysis was prepared as set forth in Exhibit E to evaluate the environmental impacts of the Project in accordance with the CEQA Guidelines. With implementation of the applicable mitigation measures identified in the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the 2013 General Plan and conditions of approval as set forth in Exhibit B, the CEQA analysis determined and demonstrated that the Project is exempt from further environmental review pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Sections 15168 and 15183 and California Public Resources Code Section 21083.3 because the level of Resolution No. 2022 2 of 30
development proposed is within the development assumptions analyzed in the FEIR and the Project is consistent with the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to NMC §17.31.060, §17.34.070, and §17.35.050, a public hearing notice was published in The Tri City Voice on June 10, 2025 and mailed as required for a public hearing, and the Planning Commission held a meeting on said application at 7:00 p.m. on June 24, 2025; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on June 24, 2025, and fully considered the Project, entitlements, staff report, findings of fact, conditions of approval, public comments, and all other testimony and evidence presented at the public hearing; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that the staff report, exemptions from CEQA, and standards for approval reflect the City’s independent judgement and analysis of the Project; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that the Project conforms with the City’s General Plan and Zoning Code for which are incorporated herein by reference and are available for review at City Hall during normal business hours and on the City’s website; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that the Project satisfies the requisite findings of fact necessary for approval of the Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit as further explained in the staff report and the findings of fact associated with this Resolution, as identified in “Exhibit A” attached to this Resolution.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Planning Commission of the City of Newark as follows:
Section 1. That the forgoing recitals are true and correct and made part of this Resolution.
Section 2. That the Planning Commission hereby makes the necessary findings and determinations required by the NMC to approve the requested Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for the Project, as further explained in the staff report and findings of fact for approval as set forth in “Exhibit A” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
Section 3. Based on the findings and determinations, the Planning Commission hereby approves DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001, a Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (APN 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17), subject to the Conditions of Approval, as further set forth in “Exhibit B” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
Resolution No. 2022 3 of 30
This Resolution was introduced at the City of Newark Planning Commission’s June 24, 2025 regular meeting by Commissioner Aguilar, seconded by Commissioner Becker, and passed as follows:
AYES: Aguilar, Becker, Bogisich, Dhillon, Fitts
NOES:
ABSENT:
STEVEN TURNER, Secretary LORI BOGISICH, Chairperson
Attachments
Exhibit A – Findings of Fact
Exhibit B – Conditions of Approval
Exhibit C – Project Narrative
Exhibit D – Project Plans
Exhibit E – CEQA Analysis
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 2022 4 of 30
Exhibit A
FINDINGS OF FACT
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
6756 – 6792 Central Avenue
Alameda County Assessor’s Parcel Number(s) 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17 Design Review Criteria (Newark Municipal Code [NMC] §17.34.060) A. The overall design of the project including its scale, massing, site plan, exterior design, and landscaping will enhance the appearance and features of the project site and surrounding natural and built environment.
The Project consists of a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at the site located at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue. The new industrial building will consist of a contemporary style design that will provide a variety architectural features, design elements, colors, and materials. The height of the new building will be 49’-6”, measured from grade to the top of the parapet.
The new on-site improvements, which include new landscape areas, walkways, driveways, drive aisles, parking areas, bicycle parking areas, bioretention areas, employee open space area, site lighting, fencing, vehicular gates, truck courtyard area, and trailer storage area, will complement the architecture of the new industrial building. The Project will enhance the site and will be compatible with the characteristics of the surrounding environment.
Additionally, the Project will respect the surrounding development pattern. Overall, the Project's design will be complementary to the area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
B. The project design is appropriate to the function of the project and will provide an attractive and comfortable environment for occupants, visitors, and the general community.
As proposed, the new industrial building is considered a speculative building with no tenants.
The Project Narrative stated, “Prologis, the Project Sponsor and Owner of the property, is proposing to demolish approximately 113,500 square feet of obsolete industrial buildings on site to construct a new industrial warehouse facility that can accommodate numerous uses that meet both the City and Prologis’ interests”. This includes advanced manufacturing uses and research and development uses, which are permitted uses in the GI Zoning District.
The Project was carefully designed to ensure compatibility with and complement the site and surrounding areas while providing a comfortable environment for occupants, visitors, and the general community. The Project will be attractive and appropriate for the neighborhood.
Therefore, the proposed improvements are suitable in a manner that respects the general character of the neighborhood.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 2022 5 of 30
C. Project details, materials, signage and landscaping, are internally consistent, fully integrated with one another, and used in a manner that is visually consistent with the proposed architectural design.
The Project is suitable for the site and compatible with the existing site conditions. The application of high-quality and complementary materials and the color palette help distinguish the different areas of the building. The new industrial building and on-site improvements will fully integrate with each other and contribute positively to the site and neighborhood. Overall, the Project incorporates design elements that relate to each other and lend integrity and balance to the site.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
D. The design of streetscapes, including street trees, lighting, and pedestrian furniture, is consistent with the intended character of the area.
The Project consists of improvements to the site and the streetscape, which includes the driveway curb cuts and landscape areas at the front of the property along Central Avenue.
Currently, there are no sidewalks at the front of the property along Central Avenue. However, sidewalks will be proposed along the project frontage on Central Avenue. As part of the Planning Division’s and Engineering Division’s conditions of approval, the applicant will revise the Project plans to show the design of the sidewalk along the property frontage on Central Avenue as part of the building permit submittal.
Overall, the improvements complements the new industrial building and responds to the intended character of the area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
E. Parking areas are designed and developed to buffer surrounding land uses; compliment pedestrian-oriented development; enhance the environmental quality of the site, including minimizing stormwater run-off and the heat-island effect; and achieve a safe, efficient, and harmonious development.
The new on-site improvements, which include new landscape areas, walkways, driveways, drive aisles, parking areas, bicycle parking areas, bioretention areas, employee open space area, site lighting, fencing, vehicular gates, truck courtyard area, and trailer storage area will be designed to be harmonious with the site. The Project will provide a total of 396 on-site parking spaces, which meets the minimum required number of on-site parking spaces per the Zoning Code.
The Project will enhance the environmental quality of the site by including new bioretention areas for storm-water purposes. Also, the addition of the new landscape areas will address the heat island effect while enhancing the overall appearance of the site. Overall, the Project will be designed to achieve a safe, efficient, and harmonious development.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 2022 6 of 30
F. Lighting and lighting fixtures are designed to complement buildings, be of appropriate scale, provide adequate light over walkways and parking areas to create a sense of pedestrian safety, and avoid creating glare.
The Project proposes new exterior light fixtures around the building and site. The proposed exterior light fixtures will comply with NMC §17.17.060. Any other lighting not covered under this design review entitlement is subject to regulations specified in NMC §17.17.060 - Lighting and Illumination.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
G. Landscaping is designed to be compatible with and enhance the architectural character and features of the buildings on site and help relate the building to the surrounding landscape.
The Project proposes new landscaping on site. The new landscaping will be designed to be compatible with and enhance the architectural character and features of the site. The Project has been conditioned to require all landscaping to be maintained in healthy growing condition and that plantings be replaced with other plant materials to ensure continued compliance with the applicable landscaping regulations in NMC Chapter 17.21.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Conditional Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
A. The proposed use is allowed within the applicable zoning district and complies with all other applicable provisions of this title [NMC Title 17] and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
The Project requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit to allow for an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and a “wholesaling and distribution” use in the GI Zoning District. The Project has been evaluated and will be substantially in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Zoning Code. Additionally, the Project has been found to be consistent with the type of uses found in the GI Zoning District and will be compatible with the surrounding industrial uses in the nearby area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
B. The proposed use is consistent with the general plan and any applicable specific plan.
The Project site has a General Plan Land Use designation of General Industrial. The Project will be consistent with many of Newark’s General Plan policies including, but not limited to:
• Policy LU-1.5 - Technology Focus. Promote the city as a good location for technology businesses and clean industry, capitalizing on Newark's location within Silicon Valley. • Policy LU-1.17 - Sustainable Development Emphasis. Ensure that new development incorporates green building and sustainable design principles and encourage renovation of existing development to use water and energy more efficiently.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 2022 7 of 30
• Policy ED-3.1 - Industrial Land Supply. Maintain a sufficient supply of land for office and industrial uses to generate high quality, high paying jobs and to meet the city’s economic development goals. Focus office and industrial development on technology uses and other activities that will generate high wage employment. • Policy ED-3.7 - Industrial Redevelopment. Encourage property owners to redevelop industrial sites and buildings when the proposed redevelopment will generate highquality and high-paying jobs. Likewise, support the refurbishing of such spaces for continued use as general industrial properties.
• Policy ED-4.4 - Affordable Industrial Space. Continue to support and foster the growth of general industrial uses, such as warehouse and distribution centers and manufacturing, in the Cherry Street and Central Avenue corridors and other areas designated for “General Industrial” uses on the Land Use Diagram.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
C. The proposed use will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community, nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
As proposed, the new industrial building is considered a speculative building with no tenants.
The Project will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community or surrounding properties in that the Project site is mainly surrounded by industrial uses.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
D. Tax revenue generated by the development will exceed the City's cost of the service demand as a result of the development or a compelling community benefit will be provided.
The Project would replace an existing warehouse building and uncovered storage yards, which is anticipated to be assessed with a higher property tax base for the property. As proposed, the new industrial building is considered a speculative building with no tenants. The Applicant has presented to Staff a Fiscal Analysis of the Project. Based on that Analysis and depending on the use that occupies the building, it is anticipated that the Project will exceed the cost of City services.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
E. The proposed use complies with any design or development standards applicable to the zoning district or the use in question unless waived or modified pursuant to the provisions of this title [NMC Title 17].
The proposed “indoor warehousing and storage” use and “wholesaling and distribution” use is allowed with the approval of a Conditional Use Permit under the GI Zoning District. The Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 2022 8 of 30
Project adheres to the development standards within the GI Zoning District, such as setbacks, height, and parking requirements. The new building’s contemporary style design is compatible with the adjacent buildings and does not appear to have a negative effect on the adjacent properties or the surrounding area. Overall, the Project will comply with the development standards applicable to the Zoning District.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
F. The design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the proposed activity are compatible with the existing and reasonably foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
The Project’s contemporary style design will be compatible with the surrounding area. As conditioned, the Project will not interfere with operations/businesses in this zone. Also, the Project will not deviate from the intent of district’s development standards. Therefore, the design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the Project will be compatible with the existing and foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
G. The site is physically suitable for the type, density, and intensity of use being proposed, including access, utilities, and the absence of physical constraints.
The Project site will be suitable to accommodate the Project as it will provide upgrades to the existing site conditions. The Project will enhance the overall appearance of the site, while respecting the surrounding development pattern. The Project will continue to provide access and utilities on the site.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Minor Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
A. The proposed use is allowed within the applicable zoning district and complies with all other applicable provisions of this title [NMC Title 17] and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
The maximum height for fencing within the required front setback area is 3 feet. Pursuant to NMC §17.17.040(A)(2), an additional height increase for fencing in non-residential districts requires approval of a Minor Use Permit. The Applicant requests approval of a Minor Use Permit to allow for an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet within the minimum required 10-foot front setback area.
The Project will be in compliance with the applicable provisions of Title 17 – Zoning, which includes meeting the material requirements outlined in NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(i)(3).
Overall, the Project has been evaluated and will be substantially in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Zoning Code.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 2022 9 of 30
B. The proposed use is consistent with the general plan and any applicable specific plan.
The Project site has a General Plan Land Use designation of General Industrial. The Project is consistent with the general plan. The additional height to the fence will allow for the new industrial building’s occupants to operate safely. Additionally, the Project will not alter the respective land-use designation.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
C. The proposed use will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community, nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
The Project includes an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet in the minimum 10-foot front setback area. The location of the new fencing will be adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. The Project will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood. Overall, the Project will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
D. Tax revenue generated by the development will exceed the City's cost of the service demand as a result of the development or a compelling community benefit will be provided.
The additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing will not materially impact the City’s tax revenue, nor will it additionally strain City services. The Project, in total, would replace an existing warehouse building and uncovered storage yards, which is anticipated to be assessed with a higher property tax base for the property.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
E. The proposed use complies with any design or development standards applicable to the zoning district or the use in question unless waived or modified pursuant to the provisions of this title [NMC Title 17].
The additional height increase to the new fencing is allowed subject to meeting the applicable provisions of Title 17 – Zoning, which includes meeting the material requirements outlined in NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(i)(3). The new fencing is 6 feet in height and consist of a prefinished vertical tube steel material. Overall, the Project will comply with the development standards applicable to the Zoning District. The Project's design will be complementary to the area and does not appear to have a negative effect on the adjacent properties nor the surrounding area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
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F. The design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the proposed activity are compatible with the existing and reasonably foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
The additional height increase to the new fencing will not interfere with the other industrial uses in this zone. Additionally, the Project will not deviate from the intent of district’s development standards. Therefore, the design of the Project will be compatible with the existing and foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
G. The site is physically suitable for the type, density, and intensity of use being proposed, including access, utilities, and the absence of physical constraints.
The Project site and the additional height increase to the new fencing will be suitable to accommodate the Project as it will upgrade the existing site conditions. The Project will enhance the overall appearance of the site, while respecting the surrounding development pattern. The Project will continue to provide access and utilities on the site.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Minor Use Permit Findings for Additional Fence Height (NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii)) A. The additional fence height will not impair the provision of adequate light, air, circulation, and visual openness around adjacent residential structures.
The Project includes an additional height increase to the new fencing to be 6 feet in the minimum 10-foot front setback area. The additional height increase will consist of a prefinished vertical tube steel material that meets the material requirements outlined in NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(i)(3). The Project site is not abutting residential structures. The location of the new fencing will be adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. Therefore, the additional height will not impair the provision of adequate light, air, circulation, and visual openness around adjacent residential structures.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
B. The additional fence height will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood.
The additional height to the new fencing will be a prefinished vertical tube steel fencing material. The location of the new fencing will be adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. The design of the new fencing will allow for the Project to be seamlessly integrated into the neighborhood. Therefore, the additional height will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
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C. The additional fence height is not detrimental to the health, safety, and welfare of people living in the neighborhood.
The additional height of the new fencing will be consistent with the height of the other new fencing that is located adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. The new fencing will be of an aesthetically pleasing design that blends in with the property and surrounding area.
Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that the additional height will cause any harm to the community. Therefore, the additional height will not be detrimental to the health, safety, and welfare of people living in the neighborhood.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Categorical Exemption Findings The Project is eligible for the following CEQA exemptions:
• Consistency with Program EIR. The City of Newark 2013 FEIR provides for streamlining and/or tiering provisions under CEQA Guidelines Section 15168. This CEQA Analysis demonstrates that the Project would not result in substantial changes or involve new information that would warrant preparation of a subsequent EIR because the level of development proposed is within the development assumptions analyzed in the program level EIR (2013 FEIR). No further environmental review is required. • Community Plan Exemption. Streamlined environmental review per Section 15183 of the CEQA Guidelines and California Public Resources Code Section 21083.3. The Project is consistent with the General Plan and will not result in significant environmental impacts that were not previously identified as significant project-level, cumulative or offsite effects in the 2013 FEIR. The Project is exempt from further CEQA review since it is consistent with the General Plan.
The Project is within the scope of development projected under the General Plan for which an EIR was certified in 2013. The Project will implement applicable mitigation measures identified in the 2013 FEIR. In addition, the Project will be required to comply with applicable conditions of approval (Attachment 1, Exhibit B) and is subject to uniformly applied development standards.
With implementation of required mitigation measures and conditions of approval, the Project will not result in a substantial increase in the severity or significant impacts that were previously identified in the program level EIR, nor will the Project introduce any new significant impacts that were not previously identified. Therefore, there will be no additional environmental impacts beyond those analyzed in the 2013 FEIR.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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Exhibit B
CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
6756 – 6792 Central Avenue
Alameda County Assessor’s Parcel Number(s) 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17 Planning Division
a. A building permit shall be required prior to the construction of the Project. The building permit plans shall be substantially consistent with the approved plans (see Attachment 1, Exhibit D), or as otherwise required by these conditions of approval. b. These conditions of approval shall be printed on the building-permit drawings associated with this Project.
c. A Planning Final shall be required prior to the Final Building Inspection. d. The applicant/property owner/business operator/developer shall comply with any and all applicable federal, state, or local laws and regulations. e. The building permit plans shall demonstrate compliance with the enclosure pad, bumpers, clear zone, and drainage requirements for the trash enclosure as outlined in NMC §17.17.120(B)(2). f. Any revisions to the proposed garbage, refuse and recycling service pick up plan shall require review and approval by Republic Services and the Community Development Director, prior to the issuance of a building permit. No refuse, garbage or recycling shall be stored outdoors except within the approved trash enclosure.
g. The building permit plans shall show the removal of the new chain link fencing along the front (southwestern) property line as part of the building permit submittal. h. The building permit plans shall show the design of the sidewalk along the property frontage on Central Avenue as part of the building permit submittal. i. The Landscape Plans (Sheet LC1.1) shall show the correct design of the driveway curb cuts. j. The building permit plans shall show the 32 dock doors with two grade-level doors and 14 door knockouts.
k. Any proposed changes to the design of the new industrial building that include the conversion of the additional door knockouts to dock doors for an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and/or a “wholesaling and distribution” use shall require Planning Commission review and approval.
l. All other proposed changes from approved exhibits shall be submitted to the Community Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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Development Director who shall decide if they warrant Planning Commission review and, if so decided, said changes shall be submitted for the Commission’s review and decision. The applicant and/or property owner shall pay the prevailing fee for each additional separate submittal of project exhibits requiring Planning Commission and/or City Council review and approval.
m. Prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, the parking areas, aisles and access drives shall be installed and striped as shown on the approved site plan. n. If any of the conditions of approval are not incompliance and/or have been substantially expanded beyond the Project’s approval regarding parking, on-site circulation and/or traffic , the Community Development Director shall review and decide how to mitigate those issues.
A parking, on-site circulation and/or traffic analysis shall be prepared at the discretion of the Community Development Director and the cost of the applicant and/or property owners. The applicant and/or property owners shall mitigate any issues identified by the parking, on-site circulation and/or traffic study. If the applicant does not mitigate these issues, the entitlements may be referred to the Planning Commission for determination if the entitlements are to be revoked.
o. Parking lot cleaning with sweeping or vacuum equipment shall not be permitted between 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.
p. All landscaping shall be maintained in healthy growing condition. Wherever necessary, plantings shall be replaced with other plant materials to ensure continued compliance with the applicable landscaping regulations in NMC Chapter 17.21. q. All exterior utility pipes and meters shall be painted to match and/or complement the color of the adjoining building surface, as approved by the Community Development Director. r. All exterior lighting shall comply with all applicable regulations in NMC §17.17.060 - Lighting and Illumination. All exterior lighting shall be directed on-site so as not to create glare off-site. s. All mechanical and electrical equipment (e.g., transformer, generator, roof equipment, etc.) shall meet the screening requirements in NMC §17.17.100 - Screening. Mechanical and electrical equipment such as air conditioners (AC) units shall not be placed in the front or street side yard. If equipment is placed in any other location that makes it visible to public view, the equipment shall be properly screened with solid material pursuant to the regulations in NMC §17.17.100 - Screening.
t. The Project shall comply with all applicable noise standards in the NMC and General Plan, including, but not limited to NMC §17.24.100 - Noise. This includes all mechanical and electrical equipment.
u. All construction noise activity shall abide by NMC §17.24.100 - Noise. v. Construction equipment, including compressors, generators and mobile equipment shall be Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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fitted with heavy-duty mufflers designed to reduce noise impacts. w. The Project shall comply with the conditions outlined in the Acoustical Assessment prepared by Kimly Horn dated December 2023, or as amended.
x. The Project shall implement the Project Design Features from the Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Technical Analysis prepared by FirstCarbon Solutions dated July 19, 2024, or as amended, which includes:
PDF AIR-1 Prohibition of Cold Storage Use and Transport Refrigeration Units The project operation would address any potential Transport Refrigeration Unit usage by requiring the following:
• Contractual language in all tenant lease agreements that will prohibit tenants from operating Transport Refrigeration Units (TRUs) within the project site. • Requiring a restrictive covenant over the parcel that prohibits the applicant’s use of TRUs on the property unless the applicant seeks and receives an amendment to its conditional use permit allowing such use.
• The application of any future requests for cold storage and associated TRU usage to include an analysis which requires the modeling and a Health Risk Assessment of air toxic contaminants emitted from operation of these TRUs. The results of such analysis must demonstrate that the operation of TRUs would not result in a significant health impact as defined by BAAQMD thresholds.
PDF AIR-2 All-Electric Design
• Prior to issuance of building permits, the project applicant shall provide documentation (e.g., site plan) to the City to demonstrate that the proposed industrial development does not include natural gas appliances or natural gas plumbing.
PDF AIR-3 Use of Tier 4 Construction Equipment
• Prior to the issuance of any demolition, grading, or building permits (whichever occurs earliest), the project applicant and/or construction contractor shall prepare a construction operations plan that, during construction activities, requires all off-road equipment with engines greater than 50 horsepower to meet particulate matter emissions standards for Tier 4 Interim engines at the minimum. The construction contractor shall maintain records documenting its efforts to comply with this requirement, including equipment lists. Offroad equipment descriptions and information shall include, but are not limited to, equipment type, equipment manufacturer, equipment identification number, engine model year, engine certification (Tier rating), horsepower, and engine serial number. The project applicant and/or construction contractor shall submit the construction operations plan and records of compliance to the City
y. Prior to the installation of any signage, the applicant and/or property owners shall submit a Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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Sign Permit Application to the Planning Division for review and approval. Signage, including freestanding signs and wall signs, shall comply with Chapter 17.25 – Signage Standards. z. Prior to the issuance of grading and site work permit(s), mailbox locations and designs shall be approved by the Community Development Director and Newark Postmaster, in that order. aa. Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the applicant shall hire a qualified biologist to: (1) determine if occupied Burrowing Owl habitat(s) exist on the site, and (2) implement a plan to protect the owls and to excavate the site around any active burrows using hand tools to assure that the owls are not buried during grading in the event Burrowing Owl habitat(s) is found on the site. The occupied Burrowing Owl habitat(s), if found, shall not be disturbed during the nesting season. The Burrowing Owl study shall be conducted not more than 30 days prior to the time site grading activities will commence.
bb. The site and its improvements shall be maintained in a neat and presentable condition, to the satisfaction of the Community Development Director. This shall include, but not limited to, repainting surfaces damaged by graffiti, site clean-up, and maintenance of the landscaping areas. Graffiti removal/repainting, site clean-up, and maintenance of the landscaping areas shall occur on a continuing, as needed basis.
cc. Construction site trailers and buildings located on-site shall be used for office and storage purposes only and shall not be used for living or sleeping quarters. Any vehicle or portable building brought on the site during construction shall remain graffiti free. dd. Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant, property owners, and/or developer shall pay the City’s impact fees in effect as well as the Community Development Maintenance Fee. The impact fees shall be based on the new building square footage for the Project. ee. The applicant shall work with the City on the public art installation for the Project as part of the building permit submittal. The Project shall be waived from paying the Art in Public Places and Private Development fee if public art is installed. ff. The Project sponsor shall require construction contractors to implement the following applicable BAAQMD Basic Construction Mitigation Measures to reduce emissions of fugitive dust and equipment exhaust.
gg. Measures to respond to and track complaints pertaining to construction noise shall include: (1) a procedure and phone numbers for notifying the City of Newark Building Inspection Division and Newark Police Department (during regular construction hours and off-hours); and (2) a sign posted on-site pertaining to the permitted construction days and hours and complaint procedures and who to notify in the event of a problem. The sign shall also include a listing of both the City and construction contractor’s telephone numbers (during regular construction hours and off-hours).
hh. During project construction, if historic, archeological or Native American materials or artifacts are identified, work within a 50-foot radius of such find shall cease and the City shall retain Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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the services of a qualified archeologist and/or paleontologist to assess the significance of the find. If such find is determined to be significant by the archeologist and/or paleontologist, a resource protection plan conforming to CEQA §15064.5 shall be prepared by the archeologist and/or paleontologist and approved by the Community Development Director. The plan may include, but would not be limited to, removal of resources or similar actions. Project work may be resumed in compliance with such plan. If human remains are encountered, the County Coroner shall be contacted immediately, and the provisions of State law carried out. ii. The City of Newark and its agents, officers, and employees shall be defended, indemnified, and held harmless from any claim, action or proceedings against the City, or its agents, officers, and employees to attach, set aside, void, or annul the approval of this application or the environmental determination which accompanies it, or which otherwise arises out of or in connection with the City’s action on this application, including but not limited to, damages, costs, expenses, attorney’s fees, or expert witness fees. jj. The Community Development Director shall interpret applicable requirements in the event of any redundancy or conflict in conditions of approval.
kk. The Community Development Director shall have the right to modify or terminate this Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit at any time if any of the terms of such permit or the conditions of approval for said permit are violated, or for other good cause deemed necessary to maintain or improve the public right-of-way or to preserve and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public.
ll. If any condition of the entitlements be declared invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the entitlements shall terminate and be of no force and effect, at the election of the Planning Commission and/or City Council on motion. mm. The applicant hereby agrees to defend, indemnify, and save harmless the City of Newark, its Council, boards, commissions, officers, employees and agents, from and against any and all claims, suits, actions, liability, loss, damage, expense, cost (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, costs and fees of litigation) of every nature, kind or description, which may be brought by a third party against, or suffered or sustained by, the City of Newark, its Council, boards, commissions, officers, employees or agents to challenge or void the permit granted herein or any California Environmental Quality Act determinations related thereto. nn. In the event that any person should bring an action to attack, set aside, void or annul the City’s approval of this project, the applicant shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the City and/or its agents, officers and employees from any claim, action, or proceeding against the City and/or its agents, officers and employees with counsel selected by the applicant (which shall be the same counsel used by applicant) and reasonably approved by the City. Applicant’s obligation to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the City and/or its agents, officers and employees shall be subject to the City’s compliance with Government Code Section 66474.9. oo. The Conditions of Project Approval set forth herein may include certain fees, dedication requirements, reservation requirements and other exactions. Pursuant to Government Code Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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Section 66020(d)(1), these Conditions constitute written notice of a statement of the amount of such fees, and a description of the dedications, reservations and other exactions. The applicant is hereby further notified that the 90-day approval period in which the applicant may protest these fees, dedications, reservations and other exactions, pursuant to Government Code Section 66020(a), has begun. If the applicant fails to file a protest within this 90-day period complying with all of the requirements of Section 66020, the applicant will be legally barred from later challenging such exactions.
pp. Per NMC §17.31.130, the approval or conditional approval of the Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit shall expire three years from the date the Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit was approved or conditionally approved if it is not exercised or extended within three years of its approval. Additionally, any other permit granted under NMC Title 17 - Zoning, shall automatically expire if it is not exercised or extended within two years of its approval, unless a different time period is specified.
Engineering Division
qq. SUBDIVISION MAPS: The subdivision of land is governed by Newark Municipal Code Title 16, as well as the California Government Code §§66410-66499.85 (Subdivision Map Act). All maps are subject to review and approval by the City Engineer. Recordation of the subdivision map shall be coordinated by the applicant’s title company, with one full-sized mylar copy of the recorded map returned to the City.
1. Prior to building permit issuance, the parcel map to merge the four individual parcels into one shall be recorded at the Alameda County Recorders’ Office.
2. Coinciding with the Planning Commission’s approval of the entitlements, the applicant shall execute the encumbrance documents as listed below, and submit them to the City for review and final execution within ten (10) working days following the expiration of the appeal period. If the project is appealed and requires City Council action on the entitlements, the documents shall be executed and submitted to the City for review and approval within ten (10) working days following City Council approval.
Upon execution by the City, the documents shall be recorded with the Alameda County Recorder’s Office. Exhibit EX-2 shows the conceptual layout of the easements, and the actual dimensions and easements shall be to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. i. 14-foot-wide Landscape Easement
ii. 10-foot-wide Public Service Easement along the project frontage up to the limits of the future Central Avenue overpass improvements where a grade difference between Central Avenue and project site.
iii. 30-foot-wide Alameda County Water District (ACWD) Waterline Easement as shown on the Exhibit EX-2.
iv. 30-foot-wide Access Easement to the satisfaction of ACWD. v. Three ACWD water lateral easements connecting Central Avenue and the 30-footwide Waterline Easement to the satisfaction of ACWD.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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vi. ACWD water lateral easement extending southeast direction from the 30-foot-wide ACWD Waterline Easement to the satisfaction of ACWD.
vii. 10-foot-wide Sidewalk and Maintenance Easement to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
viii. Emergency Vehicle Access Easement as required to the satisfaction of Alameda County Fire Department.
ix. Temporary Construction Easement (TCE) A and TCE B to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
x. Complete relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-17 and 92A-2165-16, and a partial relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-15 and 92A-2165-14 to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. xi. Reciprocal access, Private Utility Easement, Private Stormdrain Easement, Emergency Vehicle Access Easement (EVAE), Public Utility Easement (PUE), Public Storm Drain Easement, parking easements shall be established in favor of APNs 92A-2165-17 and 92A-2165-16 over APNs 92A-2165-15 and 92A-2165-14, as determined by the final design and to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. This requirement is necessary because the lots will not be merged until the Parcel Map is recorded. Additionally, the complete relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-17 and 92A-2165-16, and a partial relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-15 and 92A-2165-14, shall coincide with the Planning Commission’s approval of the Entitlements.
3. Concurrent with approval of the Parcel Map, the applicant shall effectuate the removal of any existing easements encumbering the property that conflict with areas proposed for improvement. Elimination or modification of existing easements on the site requires approval from the respective utility district or company and the City of Newark. Easement modifications and removals shall be performed with the Parcel Map.
4. Along with the Parcel Map application, a complete improvement plan set shall be submitted to the Engineering Division for review and approval to ensure conformance with relevant codes, policies, and other requirements of the Newark Municipal Code and City of Newark Street improvement standards. These plans shall be prepared by a qualified person licensed by the State of California to do such work. The plans shall be drawn to an appropriate scale as required by the City Engineer.
rr. SUBDIVISION IMPROVEMENT AGREEMENT: Prior to approval of the parcel map, the applicant shall enter into a Subdivision Improvement Agreement with the City and guarantee all necessary public and private street improvements and other common area improvements within the subdivision and beyond the map boundary in accordance with the improvement plans to be approved by the City Engineer. The agreement requires the applicant to post financial security in the form of either a cash deposit, letter of credit, or surety bonds in amounts equivalent to the value of the public improvements. If surety bonds are utilized, the amounts of the bonds shall be 100% of the total estimated value of the public improvements consistent with the City of Newark Municipal Code. In addition, the City requires a warranty bond (often referred to as a maintenance bond) for 20% of the estimated value. The warranty period shall be active for no less than one-Calander year following formal acceptance of the improvements. The warranty bond may be released by the City Engineer upon completion of Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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the warranty period and correction of all warranty items to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
All submitted securities are subject to review and approval by the City Attorney. ss. SIDEWALK IMPROVEMENTS: The project is responsible for constructing a six-foot-wide meandering sidewalk along the property frontage on Central Avenue, connecting to the adjacent northeast property, consistent with the City of Newark Standard Details. The precise alignment and limits of the sidewalk shall be shown on the improvement plans and are subject to approval by the City Engineer prior to recordation of the Parcel Map.
The City Engineer reserves the right to waive this sidewalk construction requirement. Any waiver of this requirement will be communicated in writing to the applicant. tt. GEOTECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Submit a Geotechnical Report that shall address in-situ and import soils in accordance with the City of Newark Grading and Excavation Ordinance, Chapter 15.50. This report shall include recommendations regarding pavement sections. Grading operations shall be in accordance with recommendations contained in the soils report and shall be completed under the supervision of an engineer registered in the State of California to do such work.
2. Additional Geotech Investigation Report peer review by the City’s consultant to verify the targeted static and seismic induced settlement reductions shall be required to be performed prior to the issuance of the building permit. Ground improvement methods, if proposed, may require coordination and approval from Alameda County Water District. The applicant shall pay for costs associated with the Geotechnical peer review and/or inspections per the City’s Master Fee Schedule.
3. Prior to Grading Permit and Building Permit issuance, recommendations from the project’s geotechnical investigation, as prepared by a California-licensed Geotechnical Engineer or Certified Engineering Geologist, shall be incorporated into the design of the improvements and/or explicitly noted on the plans. The author(s) of the geotechnical investigation shall certify on the plans that the designs comply with their recommendations. During construction, the applicant shall follow all recommendations.
4. The applicant’s geotechnical consultant shall inspect, test (as needed), and approve all geotechnical aspects of the project construction. The inspections shall include, but not necessarily be limited to: site preparation and grading, site surface and subsurface drainage improvements, and excavations for foundations prior to the placement of steel and concrete. The results of these inspections and the as-built conditions of the project shall be described by the geotechnical consultant in a letter and submitted to the City Engineer for review and approval prior to project final acceptance. uu. CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT: This application is subject to a Construction General Permit according to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit No. CAS000002. Prior to the issuance of a grading permit or a building permit, the Waste Dischargers Identification (WDID) number shall be printed on the plans to provide evidence that the proposed site development work is covered by said General Permit for any Construction Activity. The applicant will be required to register the project with the State Water Board’s Stormwater Multi-Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS) website. A Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD) and a Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP) Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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shall be responsible for permit compliance. In addition, the grading plans need to state: “All grading work shall be done in accordance with the approved Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan prepared by the developer pursuant to the Notice of Intent on file with the State Water Resources Control Board.”
vv. CLEAN WATER PROGRAM (LARGE PROJECTS):
1. Because the project creates and/or replaces more than 5,000 square feet of impervious surface, it is considered a Regulated Project according to Provision C.3.b of the Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit that regulates stormwater runoff in Alameda County.
The Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program developed a C.3 Guidance Manual to assist applicants in addressing these regulations. The Guidance Manual is available for download at:
https://cleanwaterprogram.org/businesses/development/
Regulated projects shall include stormwater treatment measures in the site design to remove pollutants from stormwater upstream of any connection to the City’s or Alameda County’s stormwater conveyance networks. In addition, regulated projects shall be subject to a Stormwater Treatment Measure Maintenance Agreement between the City and property owner to assure long-term maintenance of the installed measures. The City will provide a template agreement. Once executed, the agreement shall be recorded against the property.
The provided Preliminary Stormwater Treatment Plan is approved in concept only. The final Stormwater Treatment Design shall be prepared by a licensed civil engineer. Final approval is subject to the applicant providing the necessary plans, details, and calculations that demonstrate the plan comply with the latest Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit (MRP).
2. Prior to Parcel Map approval, Stormwater Requirements Checklist shall be submitted along with the improvement plans for review and approval.
3. All stormwater treatment measures are subject to review and approval by the Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District. The developer shall modify the grading and drainage and stormwater treatment design as necessary to satisfy any imposed requirements from the District.
ww. FULL TRASH CAPTURE: The entire site shall be equipped with full trash capture devices approved by the Regional Water Quality Control Board – San Francisco Bay Region and the Mosquito Abatement District, for 100% trash capture at all on-site and adjoining off-site storm drain inlets. All on-site trash capture devices shall be permanently maintained by the property owner. Acceptable off-site trash capture devices can be found on the City’s website at https://www.newark.org/departments/public-works/engineering-division/stormwaterprogram. xx. GRADING AND DRAINAGE PLANS: Prior to Parcel Map approval, the developer shall submit detailed grading and drainage plans for review and approval by the City Engineer.
Plans shall be based on a City benchmark, on NGVD 29 datum, shall include pad and finish Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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floor elevations of each proposed structure, proposed on-site property grades, proposed elevations at property line, and sufficient elevations on all adjacent properties to show existing drainage patterns. All on-site pavement shall drain at a minimum of one percent. The developer shall ensure that all upstream drainage is not blocked and that no ponding is created by this development. Any construction necessary to ensure this shall be the developer's sole responsibility.
yy. HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC REPORT: Hydrology and hydraulic calculations, including a drainage area map for on and offsite watersheds, a narrative explaining assumptions, criteria, methodology, and how the starting HGL was established, shall be submitted for review and approval by the City Engineer and the Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District (ACFC&WCD) prior to approval of the improvement plans and Parcel Map. The calculations shall show that the City and County freeboard requirements are satisfied and that any increase in flow is mitigated with on-site detention or storage, such that the downstream facility will not be surcharged by the post-development discharge from the project.
zz. EMERGENCY OVERLAND STORMWATER FLOW/SUMP PROPERTIES: The Grading Plans shall show that the entire property is designed with an emergency overland flow path to direct storm runoff to the nearest public street or open flood control facility in the event onsite pipes become plugged. The flow path shall be lower than the finish floor elevation of all habitable structures. The flow path cannot rely on neighboring properties unless a storm drain easement across the neighbor is obtained. Sump properties shall be designed to discharge the 50-year recurrence interval storm event through the pipe network before habitable structures become inundated.
aaa. Where a grade differential is created along the boundary lot lines between the proposed development and adjacent property, the applicant shall install a permanent retaining wall (concrete or masonry or similar approved material) unless a slope easement is approved by the City Engineer. Said retaining wall shall be subject to review and approval of the City Engineer.
A grading permit is required by the Building Inspection Division prior to starting site grading work.
bbb. SITE DESIGN:
1. During the building permit review, the plans shall show the visibility control triangle to demonstrate compliance with the Visibility Ordinance. The plans shall show that there is no obstructions adjacent to the driveways, and determine where signs or any above-grade utility boxes can be located. The Engineering Department can provide a copy of Visibility Ordinance information sheet when requested.
2. The Preliminary Landscape Plan shows trees within the landscape strip along south property line that conflict with an existing sewer line to remain. If these trees are accounted towards meeting any landscape zoning code, a revised Preliminary Landscape Plan will need to show removal of these trees and their new locations.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
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ccc. Prior to issuance of Building Permit, existing buildings within the project boundary shall be demolished. The applicant shall apply and receive a building permit and obtain a permit final for the demolition.
ddd. The applicant shall install private streets improvements including, but not be limited to driveways, drive aisles, parking facilities, utilities, storm water treatment facilities, screen walls, fencing, and all landscape areas. All private streets in the development shall be designed and constructed to City standards, are subject to review and approval by the City Engineer and shall be included with the improvement plans.
eee. The applicant shall obtain grading and site work permit(s) from Building Inspection Division for the site grading (rough grading and/or fine grading) and private structures including, but not limited to perimeter retaining walls. fff. PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM: Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the developer's engineer shall submit a pavement maintenance program for the drive aisles and parking areas for the review and approval of the City Engineer. The developer shall incorporate the program into the required Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and Storm Water Treatment Measures Maintenance Agreement.
ggg. Prior to issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy or release of utilities for the building, vehicle access ways and parking facilities shown on the plans shall be paved in accordance with the recommendation of a licensed engineer based on a Traffic Index of 5.0 and striped as shown on the approved site plan. Minimum asphalt concrete thickness for the vehicle access ways shall be 4 inches.
hhh. All dry utilities including, but not limited to, electric, telephone, alarm systems, and cable television services shall be provided underground from the point-of-connection at the utility purveyor’s network to the service point. Electrical transformers shall be installed in underground vaults with an appropriate public utility easement. iii. Multiple street trench cuts and openings (i.e. greater than two street cuts or openings) as a result of utility connections and other necessary street openings on Central Avenue shall be resurfaced from curb to curb to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. All pavement restoration and resurfacing shall be completed concurrent with the site development. The extent of street resurfacing shall be shown on the improvement plans prior to approval of Parcel Map. The extent of resurfacing to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. jjj. All public improvements shall be designed in conformance with the City of Newark Municipal Code and the City’s adopted Standard Details in effect at the time of issuance of the permit(s). kkk. ENCROACHMENT PERMIT: Any work performed within the City’s right-of-way, City easements, or City-owned property shall be subject to an Encroachment Permit as defined in Newark Municipal Code. All encroachment permit work is subject to adopted City of Newark Standard Details, and shall be performed by properly-licensed contractors as determined by Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 23 of 30
the City Engineer. Said contractors must provide evidence of proper licensure, insurance and City-issued Business License upon application for a permit. lll. OTHER AGENCY APPROVALS:
1. Prior to Parcel Map recordation, the proposed water, sewer, and dry utility connections are subject to review and approval by the Alameda County Water District (ACWD), Union Sanitary District (USD), and Pacific, Gas & Electric Company (PG&E), respectively. The Title Sheet of improvement plans shall be signed by the ACWD, USD prior to recordation of Parcel Map. Any necessary site and utility design changes to satisfy requirements from the individual utilities or districts shall be the applicant’s responsibility.
2. The applicant is encouraged to apply to PG&E as soon as possible to discuss the project’s electrical and gas needs. Joint trench composite plans shall be part of the improvement plan submitted along with the Parcel Map application.
3. The project improvement plans along with the Hydrology & Hydraulic Report shall be submitted to Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District (ACFC&WCD) for their review and approval. The Title Sheet of improvement plans shall be signed by the ACFCD prior to recordation of Parcel Map. mmm. The developer shall repair and/or replace any public improvements along Central Avenue if damaged during construction, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. nnn. For the duration of all construction activities, the developer shall ensure that a water vehicle for dust control operations and a pick-up or vacuum type street sweeper to remove tracked dirt and debris from adjacent streets is kept readily available at all times during construction at the City Engineer's direction.
ooo. The developer shall implement the following measures for the duration of all construction activity to minimize air quality impacts:
1. Watering should be used to control dust generation during demolition of structures and break-up of pavement.
2. All trucks hauling demolition debris from the site shall be covered.
3. Dust-proof chutes shall be used to load debris into trucks whenever feasible. Watering should be used to control dust generation during transport and handling of recycled materials.
4. All active construction areas shall be watered at least twice daily and more often during windy periods; active areas adjacent to the existing land uses shall be kept damp at all times or shall be treated with non-toxic stabilizers or dust palliatives.
5. All trucks hauling soil, sand, and other loose materials shall be covered or require all trucks to maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard.
6. All unpaved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas at construction sites shall be paved, watered three times daily, or treated with (non-toxic) soil stabilizers.
7. All paved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas at construction sites shall be swept daily with water sweepers; water sweepers shall vacuum up excess water to avoid runoffrelated impacts to water quality.
8. Limit traffic speeds on unpaved roads to 15 mph.
9. Install sandbags or other erosion control measures to prevent silt runoff to public roadways.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 24 of 30
10. Replant vegetation in disturbed areas as quickly as possible.
11. Minimize idling time (5 minutes maximum).
12. Maintain properly tuned equipment.
These measures shall be incorporated into the grading specifications as well as the best management practices of the storm water pollution prevention plan and shall be implemented to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
ppp. POLLUTANT REDUCTION IN STORMWATER: At no time during construction of the project shall pollutants be allowed to enter, clog, or contaminate stormdrain pipe networks or open stormwater channels in violation of Newark Municipal Code. The applicant shall contain all trash and debris for proper disposal to authorized landfills or recyclers. Erosion control features shall be deployed during the rainy season that extends from October 1st to April 15th each year, or any time rain is forecast outside of this period. Best Management Practices (BMPs) shall be strictly followed. Street sweepers must be employed if soil or debris is tracked onto the public roads from vehicles exiting the site. Standard BMPs are available from the California Stormwater Quality Association (CASQA), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Caltrans, and others. Notes and/or illustrations shall be added to the plans that describe the BMPs to be utilized during construction. The use of manufactured erosion control woven blankets and straw wattles that utilize plastic monofilament netting is specifically prohibited.
qqq. SWPPP REPORTING: Copies of any monitoring and/or sampling reports required by the stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) and submitted by the Legally Responsible Person (LRP) to the State of California’s SMARTS database shall also be submitted to the City of Newark inspector assigned to the project. The LRP shall also submit to the City a copy of the required Annual Report no later than September 1st of each year that construction is active or when erosion control features have been deployed. The report must include a summary of all sampling and analysis performed (Risk Levels 2 and 3 only), a log of all inspections performed including Rain Event Action Plans (REAP), a summary of any required corrective actions taken, and a summary of any violations.
rrr. TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY: Transportation Impact Study prepared by Kimley-Horn, dated May 2025, identified a queuing deficiency at the northbound left-lane of intersection #5 at Cherry Street and Central Avenue. To correct the deficiency, the applicant shall be responsible for modifying signal phasing as per recommended by the approved Transportation Impact Study. The applicant shall be solely responsible for all costs associated with the traffic signal improvements. These traffic signal modifications shall be completed prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy or Temporary Certificate of Occupancy, whichever occurs first, for the project. The applicant shall submit improvement plans for the necessary modifications to the City for review and approval prior to the issuance of any Building Permit. sss.The applicant shall provide all required paper and digital submittals of the project parcel map, improvement plans, and as-built plans as required by the City Engineer, including but not necessarily limited to the following: (1) One full-sized mylar copy and an electronic copy of the recorded parcel map; (2) Two full-sized copies, four half-sized copies, and electronic Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 25 of 30
copies of the approved improvement plans in a format approved by the City Engineer; (3) Electronic copies and one mylar set of the as-built improvement plans. All digital copies of the parcel map and improvement plans shall be prepared in accordance with Union Sanitary District digital submittal standards.
ttt. LANDSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS:
1. All landscape maintenance within the Landscape Easement shall be the sole responsibility of the property owner. The applicant shall enter into a Landscape Maintenance Agreement prior to the issuance of the building permit. The Landscape Maintenance Agreement shall run with the land and be binding on the property owner.
2. The landscape plans shall be included in the improvement plan set and shall be approved by the City Engineer prior to Parcel Map approval. landscape plans in accordance with the State of California Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) and per the Newark Municipal Code. Additionally, prior to project permit approvals, the applicant will be required to submit a completed City Landscape Document Package Review Checklist, which will be provided by the Engineering Department on request. Prior to Certificate of Occupancy, the applicant shall be required to submit a completed City Certificate of Completion Form. Prior to Building Permit issuance, submit the project Landscape Plans that demonstrate compliance to City of Newark requirements and MWELO requirements.
3. Prior to Building Permit issuance, the proposed tree species adjacent to the Central Avenue shall be shown on the plans in detail for review and approval, and coordinated with the City. The location of the trees on the project frontage along Central Avenue shall be approved by the City such that, at maturity, the tree canopies and root system do not impact the future City infrastructure.
4. Any above ground utility structures, including backflow prevention devices, and appurtenances, shall be installed within the applicant’s property line and a minimum of 10 feet behind street face of curbs. The backflow prevention devices shall have a green painted security cage to protect it from vandalism. These locations shall be screened with landscaping to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. The landscape screen shall not interfere with the utility companies’ or City Fire Department’s access.
5. A Deferred Improvement Agreement (DIA) for the landscape and irrigation improvements may be required based on construction schedules and the potential future City project on Central Avenue. A Reimbursement Agreement to cover City Attorney fees associated with the DIA is required.
Building Inspection Division
uuu. The project is currently subject to the 2022 California Building Standards, should the project not apply for permits before December 18th, 2025 the project will be subject to the code edition that is adopted at the time when it is applied for this includes all chapters of the building standards.
vvv. Per the CEQA guidelines, the number EV spaces shall meet the requirements of CalGreen Tier 2.
Alameda County Fire Department
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 26 of 30
www. Project must comply with all building and fire code requirements in effect at time of building permit submittal.
xxx. The flow test must be conducted no more than 12 months prior to the fire sprinkler plan submittal. The flow test data should be included with the fire sprinkler plan submission. yyy. A fire alarm system will be required in addition to the fire sprinkler system. zzz. Fire access and water supply must be in service prior to the commencement of vertical combustible construction.
aaaa. The building must be equipped with a fire pump. Please indicate the location and size of the fire pump room, in accordance with the California Fire Code and NFPA 20. bbbb. The project shall comply with all building and fire code requirements in effect at time of building permit.
cccc. The rolling tube steel gate shall not obstruct the fire apparatus access road. A Fire Department key box shall be provided at the gate entrance if the gate is manually operated, and a switch box shall be provided if the gate is electrically powered. dddd. The project shall comply with all building and fire code requirements in effect at time of building permit.
eeee. High pile storage shall be submitted as a deferred submittal to the Fire Department for review and approval.
Police Department
ffff. The development shall comply with Chapter 15.06, Security Code, of the Newark Municipal Code and Section 510, Emergency Responder Radio Coverage in New Buildings, of the California Fire Code.
gggg. We would highly recommend installation of community safety cameras in common areas where the facility would be most susceptible to criminal activity. This would include parking areas, exterior pathways and exterior doors. The community safety cameras could be operated and controlled by the owner or the Building Management. hhhh. We would highly recommend installation of a professionally monitored alarm system covering areas of the facility that would be most susceptible to criminal activity such as burglaries and cargo thefts. This would include parking areas, exterior pathways, gates, perimeter fencing as well as building windows and exterior doors. iiii.The proposed development should comply with the City of Newark numbering system and tie in with the existing area street numbering. Additionally, the proposed buildings should display their individual street address in a manner clearly visible from the adjacent roadway and parking areas in order to facilitate public safety personnel’s ability to quickly identify each location during emergency responses.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 27 of 30
Environmental Conditions of Approval
jjjj. The following conditions of approval have been identified through this analysis and ensure implementation of applicable mitigation measures and policies set forth in the General Plan and its EIR.
AES-1: All exterior lighting shall comply with all applicable regulations in NMC §17.17.060 (Lighting and Illumination) and NMC Chapter 17.23 (Parking and Loading). All exterior lighting shall be directed on-site so as not to create glare offsite, as required by the Community Development Director.
AQ-1: The following dust control measures, as recommended by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), shall be included in the design of the proposed project and implemented during construction:
1. All exposed non-paved surfaces (e.g., parking areas, staging areas, soil piles, graded areas, and access roads) shall be watered at least two times per day and/or non-toxic soil stabilizers shall be applied to exposed non-paved surfaces.
2. All haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material off-site shall be covered and/or shall maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard.
3. All visible mud or dirt tracked out onto adjacent public roads shall be removed using wet power vacuum street sweepers at least once per day. The use of dry power sweeping is prohibited.
4. All vehicle speeds on unpaved roads shall be limited to 15 miles per hour.
5. All roadways, driveways, and sidewalks to be paved shall be completed as soon as possible. Building pads shall be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used.
6. Idling times shall be minimized either by shutting equipment off when not in use or reducing the maximum idling time to 5 minutes, as required by the California Airborne Toxics Control Measure (ATCM) Title 13, Section 2485 of California Code of Regulations. Clear signage regarding idling restrictions shall be provided for construction workers at all access points.
7. All construction equipment shall be maintained and properly tuned in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. All equipment shall be checked by a certified mechanic and determined to be running in proper condition prior to operation.
8. The prime construction contractor shall post a publicly visible sign with the telephone number and person to contact regarding dust complaints. The construction contractor shall take corrective action within 48 hours. The BAAQMD’s and the City’s phone numbers shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations.
BIO-1: To avoid and minimize potential impacts to nesting birds including passerines and raptors, the following measures shall be implemented:
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 28 of 30
1. Grading or removal of potentially occupied habitat shall be conducted outside the nesting season, which occurs between approximately February 1 to August
31. 2. If grading between August 31 and February 1 is infeasible and groundbreaking must occur within the nesting season, a pre-construction nesting bird survey (migratory species, passerines, and raptors) of the potentially occupied habitat (trees, shrubs, grassland) shall be performed by a qualified biologist within 7 days of groundbreaking. If no nesting birds are observed no further action is required and grading shall occur within one week of the survey to prevent “take” of individual birds that could begin nesting after the survey.
3. If active bird nests (either passerine and/or raptor) are observed during the preconstruction survey, a disturbance-free buffer zone shall be established around the occupied habitat until the young have fledged, as determined by a qualified biologist. The radius of the required buffer zone can vary depending on the species, (i.e., 75-100 feet for passerines and 200-500 feet for raptors). The dimensions of any required buffer zones shall be determined by a qualified biologist.
4. To delineate the buffer zone around the occupied habitat, construction fencing shall be placed at the specified radius from the nest within which no machinery or workers shall intrude.
5. Biological monitoring of active nests shall be conducted by a qualified biologist to ensure that nests are not disturbed and that buffers are appropriate, adjusted by a qualified biologist as needed to avoid disturbance.
6. No construction or earth-moving activity shall occur within any established nest protection buffer prior to September 1 unless it is determined by a qualified ornithologist/biologist that the young have fledged (that is, left the nest) and have attained sufficient flight skills to avoid project construction zones, or that the nesting cycle is otherwise completed.
BIO-2: Prior to any tree removal or alteration, the applicant shall obtain a tree removal permit from the City of Newark Public Works Department and implement tree planting requirements in accordance with development review.
CUL-1: During project construction, if historic, archaeological or Native American materials or artifacts are identified, work within 50-foot radius of such find shall cease and the City shall retain the services of a qualified archeologist and/or paleontologist to assess the significance of the find. adopted with the certification of the 2013 FEIR because not all impacts in the Southwest Newark Residential and Recreational Focus Area may be reduced to less than significant levels.
If such find is determined to be significant by the archeologist and/or paleontologist, a resource protection plan conforming to CEQA §15064.5 shall be prepared by the archeologist and/or paleontologist and approved by the Community Development Director. The plan may include, but would not be limited to, removal of resources and similar actions. Project work may be resumed in compliance with such plan. If human remains are encountered, all ground disturbing activities near or in any area potentially overlying adjacent human remains shall cease, the County Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 29 of 30
Coroner shall be contacted immediately, and the provisions of State law carried out.
GEO-1 Prior to issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall prepare and submit a design-level geotechnical report to the City for review and implement the recommendations herein, as approved by the City.
GHG-1: COA GHG-1 The Project shall comply with the most recent CalGreen Tier 2 EV requirements for non-residential projects and show the required number of EV spaces on the plans.
HAZ-1: Prior to issuance of any demolition permit, the applicant/project developer shall provide the City of Newark with evidence of approval by the ACWD of the Media Management Plan, titled “Data Gap Investigation and request for site closure”, dated September 13, 2023, prepared by Farallon Consulting and case closure.
HYD-1: Preliminary Stormwater Treatment Plan is approved in concept only. Final approval is subject to the applicant providing, prior to the issuance of the grading permit, the necessary plans, details, and calculations that demonstrate the plan complies with the Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit (MRP), Order R2-2022-0018, revised July 1, 2022, issued to the City of Newark by the Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region.
HYD-2: Prior to issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall prepare an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Plan for post-construction water quality. The O&M Plan shall be reviewed and accepted by the City Engineer prior to Project Construction on the site.
NOI-1: The Applicant/Project Contractor shall implement the following noise reduction measures to minimize the impact of construction noise onto offsite receivers and demonstrate compliance to the satisfaction of the City of Newark Director of Public Works or City Engineer:
1. Construct solid plywood fences around ground level construction sites adjacent to the project property line, resulting in a decibel reduction of 5‐15 dBA.
2. ii. Equip all internal combustion engine‐driven equipment with intake and exhaust mufflers that are in good condition and appropriate for the equipment.
This would provide at least a 10 dBA reduction to individual equipment noise.
3. Prohibit unnecessary idling of internal combustion engines.
4. Locate stationary noise‐generating equipment such as air compressors or portable power generators as far as possible from the project property line.
Construct temporary noise barriers to screen stationary noise‐generating equipment at the project property line.
5. Utilize “quiet” air compressors and other stationary noise sources where technology exists.
6. Control noise from construction workers’ radios to a point where they are not audible at existing residences bordering the Project site.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 2022 30 of 30
7. Notify all adjacent businesses, residences, and other noise‐sensitive land uses of the construction schedule, in writing, and provide a written schedule of “noisy” construction activities to the adjacent land uses and nearby residences.
8. If complaints are received or excessive noise levels cannot be reduced using the measures above, erect a temporary noise control blanket barrier along surrounding building facades that face the construction sites.
9. Designate a “disturbance coordinator” who shall be responsible for responding to any complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator shall determine the cause of the noise complaint (e.g., bad muffler, etc.) and shall require that reasonable measures be implemented to correct the problem.
Conspicuously post a telephone number for the disturbance coordinator at the construction site and include it in the notice sent to neighbors regarding the construction schedule.
NOI-2: Prior to issuance of a demolition permit or improvements plans, the Applicant shall prepare and submit the Construction Management plan to the City’s Building Department for review and shall make any modifications to the Plan for Building to find it acceptable. The Applicant/Project’s Contractor shall implement the Project’s Construction Management Plan included in the “Acoustical Assessment”, prepared for the Project by Kimley‐Horn and Associates, Inc., December 2023.
TRAN-1: Project improvements shall include a twice per cycle left-turn phase at the northbound left-turn lane of Cherry Street and Central Avenue.
UTIL-1: Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall pay the applicable impact fees, in the amount in effect at the time.
Resolution No. [Publish Date] 1 of 30
DR2022-010, U2024-001, AND MUP2024-001
RESOLUTION NO. ______
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
NEWARK AFFIRMING THE PLANNING COMMISSION’S
DECISION OF APPROVING DR2022-010, U2024-001, AND
MUP2024-001, A DESIGN REVIEW, CONDITIONAL USE
PERMIT, AND MINOR USE PERMIT FOR A NEW
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AND ASSOCIATED ON-SITE
IMPROVEMENTS AT 6756 – 6792 CENTRAL AVENUE (APN:
92A-2165-14, -15, -16, AND -17)
WHEREAS, Ryan Marshall, (the “Applicant”) and Prologis LP (the “Property Owner”), filed with the City of Newark an application for a Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (APN 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17) (the “Project”); and WHEREAS, the property at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (the “Project site”) has a combined lot size of approximately 756,061 square feet (17.4 acres) and has a General Plan LandUse designation of General Industrial and is currently zoned GI: General Industrial; and WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Design Review, which pursuant to Newark Municipal Code (NMC) §17.34.020 is required for all projects that require a permit for new construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, alteration, or other improvements to the exterior of a structure, site, or a parking area. Approval of the Design Review requires the Project to meet the Design Review criteria pursuant to NMC §17.34.060 to the extent that they apply; and WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Conditional Use Permit, which pursuant to NMC §17.09.020, an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and a “wholesaling and distribution” use requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit. Approval of the Conditional Use Permit requires the Project to meet all the following Use Permit findings pursuant to NMC §17.35.060; and
WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Minor Use Permit, which pursuant to NMC §17.17.040(A)(2), an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet tall within the minimum required 10-foot front setback area requires approval of a Minor Use Permit. Approval of the Minor Permit requires the Project to meet all the following Minor Use Permit findings pursuant to NMC §17.35.060 and NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii); and WHEREAS, a California Environmental Quality Act (the "CEQA") analysis was prepared as set forth in Exhibit E to evaluate the environmental impacts of the Project in accordance with the CEQA Guidelines. With implementation of the applicable mitigation measures identified in the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the 2013 General Plan and conditions of approval as set forth in Exhibit B, the CEQA analysis determined and demonstrated that the Project is exempt from further environmental review pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Sections Resolution No. 2 of 30
15168 and 15183 and California Public Resources Code Section 21083.3 because the level of development proposed is within the development assumptions analyzed in the FEIR and the Project is consistent with the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on June 24, 2025, and after fully considering the Project, entitlements, staff report, findings of fact, conditions of approval, public comments, and all other testimony and evidence presented at the public hearing, voted 5-0 to approve the Project; and
WHEREAS, a Notice of Action describing the decision taken from the Planning Commission was sent to the members of the City Council and Planning Commission, applicant, all property owners within a minimum 1,000-foot radius of the Project site, all neighborhood and community organizations that have filed a written request for notice of projects in the area where the site is located, and all persons and groups who have filed a written request for notice regarding the specific application; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to NMC §17.31.100, a member of the City Council may call for review of a decision of the Director, Zoning Administrator, or Planning Commission; and WHEREAS, Council Member Grindall called for a review of the Planning Commission’s decision on the Project; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to NMC §17.31.060, a public hearing notice was published in The Tri City Voice on July 8, 2025 and mailed as required for a public hearing, and the City Council held a meeting on said application at 7:00 p.m. on July 24, 2025; and WHEREAS, the City Council held a public hearing on July 24, 2025, and fully considered the Project, entitlements, staff report, findings of fact, conditions of approval, public comments, and all other testimony and evidence presented at the public hearing; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the staff report, exemptions from CEQA, and standards for approval reflect the City’s independent judgement and analysis of the Project; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the Project conforms with the City’s General Plan and Zoning Code for which are incorporated herein by reference and are available for review at City Hall during normal business hours and on the City’s website; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the Project satisfies the requisite findings of fact necessary for approval of the Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit as further explained in the staff report and the findings of fact associated with this Resolution, as identified in “Exhibit A” attached to this Resolution.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Newark as follows:
Section 1. That the forgoing recitals are true and correct and made part of this Resolution.
Resolution No. 3 of 30
Section 2. That the City Council hereby makes the necessary findings and determinations required by the NMC to approve the requested Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for the Project, as further explained in the staff report and findings of fact for approval as set forth in “Exhibit A” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
Section 3. Based on the findings and determinations, the City Council hereby approves DR2022- 010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001, a Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (APN 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17), subject to the Conditions of Approval, as further set forth in “Exhibit B” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
This Resolution was introduced at the City of Newark City Council’s July 24, 2025 regular meeting by Council Member _________________________, seconded by Council Member _________________________, and passed as follows:
Attachments
Exhibit A – Findings of Fact
Exhibit B – Conditions of Approval
Exhibit C – Project Narrative
Exhibit D – Project Plans
Exhibit E – CEQA Analysis
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 4 of 30
Exhibit A
FINDINGS OF FACT
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
6756 – 6792 Central Avenue
Alameda County Assessor’s Parcel Number(s) 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17 Design Review Criteria (Newark Municipal Code [NMC] §17.34.060) A. The overall design of the project including its scale, massing, site plan, exterior design, and landscaping will enhance the appearance and features of the project site and surrounding natural and built environment.
The Project consists of a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at the site located at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue. The new industrial building will consist of a contemporary style design that will provide a variety architectural features, design elements, colors, and materials. The height of the new building will be 49’-6”, measured from grade to the top of the parapet.
The new on-site improvements, which include new landscape areas, walkways, driveways, drive aisles, parking areas, bicycle parking areas, bioretention areas, employee open space area, site lighting, fencing, vehicular gates, truck courtyard area, and trailer storage area, will complement the architecture of the new industrial building. The Project will enhance the site and will be compatible with the characteristics of the surrounding environment. Additionally, the Project will respect the surrounding development pattern. Overall, the Project's design will be complementary to the area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
B. The project design is appropriate to the function of the project and will provide an attractive and comfortable environment for occupants, visitors, and the general community.
As proposed, the new industrial building is considered a speculative building with no tenants.
The Project Narrative stated, “Prologis, the Project Sponsor and Owner of the property, is proposing to demolish approximately 113,500 square feet of obsolete industrial buildings on site to construct a new industrial warehouse facility that can accommodate numerous uses that meet both the City and Prologis’ interests”. This includes advanced manufacturing uses and research and development uses, which are permitted uses in the GI Zoning District.
The Project was carefully designed to ensure compatibility with and complement the site and surrounding areas while providing a comfortable environment for occupants, visitors, and the general community. The Project will be attractive and appropriate for the neighborhood.
Therefore, the proposed improvements are suitable in a manner that respects the general character of the neighborhood.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 5 of 30
C. Project details, materials, signage and landscaping, are internally consistent, fully integrated with one another, and used in a manner that is visually consistent with the proposed architectural design.
The Project is suitable for the site and compatible with the existing site conditions. The application of high-quality and complementary materials and the color palette help distinguish the different areas of the building. The new industrial building and on-site improvements will fully integrate with each other and contribute positively to the site and neighborhood. Overall, the Project incorporates design elements that relate to each other and lend integrity and balance to the site.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
D. The design of streetscapes, including street trees, lighting, and pedestrian furniture, is consistent with the intended character of the area.
The Project consists of improvements to the site and the streetscape, which includes the driveway curb cuts and landscape areas at the front of the property along Central Avenue.
Currently, there are no sidewalks at the front of the property along Central Avenue. However, sidewalks will be proposed along the project frontage on Central Avenue. As part of the Planning Division’s and Engineering Division’s conditions of approval, the applicant will revise the Project plans to show the design of the sidewalk along the property frontage on Central Avenue as part of the building permit submittal.
Overall, the improvements complements the new industrial building and responds to the intended character of the area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
E. Parking areas are designed and developed to buffer surrounding land uses; compliment pedestrian-oriented development; enhance the environmental quality of the site, including minimizing stormwater run-off and the heat-island effect; and achieve a safe, efficient, and harmonious development.
The new on-site improvements, which include new landscape areas, walkways, driveways, drive aisles, parking areas, bicycle parking areas, bioretention areas, employee open space area, site lighting, fencing, vehicular gates, truck courtyard area, and trailer storage area will be designed to be harmonious with the site. The Project will provide a total of 396 on-site parking spaces, which meets the minimum required number of on-site parking spaces per the Zoning Code.
The Project will enhance the environmental quality of the site by including new bioretention areas for storm-water purposes. Also, the addition of the new landscape areas will address the heat island effect while enhancing the overall appearance of the site. Overall, the Project will be designed to achieve a safe, efficient, and harmonious development.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 6 of 30
F. Lighting and lighting fixtures are designed to complement buildings, be of appropriate scale, provide adequate light over walkways and parking areas to create a sense of pedestrian safety, and avoid creating glare.
The Project proposes new exterior light fixtures around the building and site. The proposed exterior light fixtures will comply with NMC §17.17.060. Any other lighting not covered under this design review entitlement is subject to regulations specified in NMC §17.17.060 - Lighting and Illumination.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
G. Landscaping is designed to be compatible with and enhance the architectural character and features of the buildings on site and help relate the building to the surrounding landscape.
The Project proposes new landscaping on site. The new landscaping will be designed to be compatible with and enhance the architectural character and features of the site. The Project has been conditioned to require all landscaping to be maintained in healthy growing condition and that plantings be replaced with other plant materials to ensure continued compliance with the applicable landscaping regulations in NMC Chapter 17.21.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Conditional Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
A. The proposed use is allowed within the applicable zoning district and complies with all other applicable provisions of this title [NMC Title 17] and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
The Project requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit to allow for an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and a “wholesaling and distribution” use in the GI Zoning District. The Project has been evaluated and will be substantially in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Zoning Code. Additionally, the Project has been found to be consistent with the type of uses found in the GI Zoning District and will be compatible with the surrounding industrial uses in the nearby area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
B. The proposed use is consistent with the general plan and any applicable specific plan.
The Project site has a General Plan Land Use designation of General Industrial. The Project will be consistent with many of Newark’s General Plan policies including, but not limited to:
Policy LU-1.5 - Technology Focus. Promote the city as a good location for technology businesses and clean industry, capitalizing on Newark's location within Silicon Valley. Policy LU-1.17 - Sustainable Development Emphasis. Ensure that new development incorporates green building and sustainable design principles and encourage renovation of existing development to use water and energy more efficiently.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 7 of 30
Policy ED-3.1 - Industrial Land Supply. Maintain a sufficient supply of land for office and industrial uses to generate high quality, high paying jobs and to meet the city’s economic development goals. Focus office and industrial development on technology uses and other activities that will generate high wage employment. Policy ED-3.7 - Industrial Redevelopment. Encourage property owners to redevelop industrial sites and buildings when the proposed redevelopment will generate highquality and high-paying jobs. Likewise, support the refurbishing of such spaces for continued use as general industrial properties.
Policy ED-4.4 - Affordable Industrial Space. Continue to support and foster the growth of general industrial uses, such as warehouse and distribution centers and manufacturing, in the Cherry Street and Central Avenue corridors and other areas designated for “General Industrial” uses on the Land Use Diagram.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
C. The proposed use will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community, nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
As proposed, the new industrial building is considered a speculative building with no tenants.
The Project will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community or surrounding properties in that the Project site is mainly surrounded by industrial uses.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
D. Tax revenue generated by the development will exceed the City's cost of the service demand as a result of the development or a compelling community benefit will be provided.
The Project would replace an existing warehouse building and uncovered storage yards, which is anticipated to be assessed with a higher property tax base for the property. As proposed, the new industrial building is considered a speculative building with no tenants. The Applicant has presented to Staff a Fiscal Analysis of the Project. Based on that Analysis and depending on the use that occupies the building, it is anticipated that the Project will exceed the cost of City services.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
E. The proposed use complies with any design or development standards applicable to the zoning district or the use in question unless waived or modified pursuant to the provisions of this title [NMC Title 17].
The proposed “indoor warehousing and storage” use and “wholesaling and distribution” use is allowed with the approval of a Conditional Use Permit under the GI Zoning District. The Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 8 of 30
Project adheres to the development standards within the GI Zoning District, such as setbacks, height, and parking requirements. The new building’s contemporary style design is compatible with the adjacent buildings and does not appear to have a negative effect on the adjacent properties or the surrounding area. Overall, the Project will comply with the development standards applicable to the Zoning District.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
F. The design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the proposed activity are compatible with the existing and reasonably foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
The Project’s contemporary style design will be compatible with the surrounding area. As conditioned, the Project will not interfere with operations/businesses in this zone. Also, the Project will not deviate from the intent of district’s development standards. Therefore, the design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the Project will be compatible with the existing and foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
G. The site is physically suitable for the type, density, and intensity of use being proposed, including access, utilities, and the absence of physical constraints.
The Project site will be suitable to accommodate the Project as it will provide upgrades to the existing site conditions. The Project will enhance the overall appearance of the site, while respecting the surrounding development pattern. The Project will continue to provide access and utilities on the site.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Minor Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
A. The proposed use is allowed within the applicable zoning district and complies with all other applicable provisions of this title [NMC Title 17] and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
The maximum height for fencing within the required front setback area is 3 feet. Pursuant to NMC §17.17.040(A)(2), an additional height increase for fencing in non-residential districts requires approval of a Minor Use Permit. The Applicant requests approval of a Minor Use Permit to allow for an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet within the minimum required 10-foot front setback area.
The Project will be in compliance with the applicable provisions of Title 17 – Zoning, which includes meeting the material requirements outlined in NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(i)(3).
Overall, the Project has been evaluated and will be substantially in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Zoning Code.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 9 of 30
B. The proposed use is consistent with the general plan and any applicable specific plan.
The Project site has a General Plan Land Use designation of General Industrial. The Project is consistent with the general plan. The additional height to the fence will allow for the new industrial building’s occupants to operate safely. Additionally, the Project will not alter the respective land-use designation.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
C. The proposed use will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community, nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
The Project includes an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet in the minimum 10-foot front setback area. The location of the new fencing will be adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. The Project will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood. Overall, the Project will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
D. Tax revenue generated by the development will exceed the City's cost of the service demand as a result of the development or a compelling community benefit will be provided.
The additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing will not materially impact the City’s tax revenue, nor will it additionally strain City services. The Project, in total, would replace an existing warehouse building and uncovered storage yards, which is anticipated to be assessed with a higher property tax base for the property.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
E. The proposed use complies with any design or development standards applicable to the zoning district or the use in question unless waived or modified pursuant to the provisions of this title [NMC Title 17].
The additional height increase to the new fencing is allowed subject to meeting the applicable provisions of Title 17 – Zoning, which includes meeting the material requirements outlined in NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(i)(3). The new fencing is 6 feet in height and consist of a prefinished vertical tube steel material. Overall, the Project will comply with the development standards applicable to the Zoning District. The Project's design will be complementary to the area and does not appear to have a negative effect on the adjacent properties nor the surrounding area.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 10 of 30
F. The design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the proposed activity are compatible with the existing and reasonably foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
The additional height increase to the new fencing will not interfere with the other industrial uses in this zone. Additionally, the Project will not deviate from the intent of district’s development standards. Therefore, the design of the Project will be compatible with the existing and foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
G. The site is physically suitable for the type, density, and intensity of use being proposed, including access, utilities, and the absence of physical constraints.
The Project site and the additional height increase to the new fencing will be suitable to accommodate the Project as it will upgrade the existing site conditions. The Project will enhance the overall appearance of the site, while respecting the surrounding development pattern. The Project will continue to provide access and utilities on the site.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Minor Use Permit Findings for Additional Fence Height (NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii)) A. The additional fence height will not impair the provision of adequate light, air, circulation, and visual openness around adjacent residential structures.
The Project includes an additional height increase to the new fencing to be 6 feet in the minimum 10-foot front setback area. The additional height increase will consist of a prefinished vertical tube steel material that meets the material requirements outlined in NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(i)(3). The Project site is not abutting residential structures. The location of the new fencing will be adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. Therefore, the additional height will not impair the provision of adequate light, air, circulation, and visual openness around adjacent residential structures.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
B. The additional fence height will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood.
The additional height to the new fencing will be a prefinished vertical tube steel fencing material. The location of the new fencing will be adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. The design of the new fencing will allow for the Project to be seamlessly integrated into the neighborhood. Therefore, the additional height will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
Exhibit A: Findings of Fact
Resolution No. 11 of 30
C. The additional fence height is not detrimental to the health, safety, and welfare of people living in the neighborhood.
The additional height of the new fencing will be consistent with the height of the other new fencing that is located adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad. The new fencing will be of an aesthetically pleasing design that blends in with the property and surrounding area.
Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that the additional height will cause any harm to the community. Therefore, the additional height will not be detrimental to the health, safety, and welfare of people living in the neighborhood.
This finding can be made in the affirmative.
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Categorical Exemption Findings The Project is eligible for the following CEQA exemptions:
Consistency with Program EIR. The City of Newark 2013 FEIR provides for streamlining and/or tiering provisions under CEQA Guidelines Section 15168. This CEQA Analysis demonstrates that the Project would not result in substantial changes or involve new information that would warrant preparation of a subsequent EIR because the level of development proposed is within the development assumptions analyzed in the program level EIR (2013 FEIR). No further environmental review is required. Community Plan Exemption. Streamlined environmental review per Section 15183 of the CEQA Guidelines and California Public Resources Code Section 21083.3. The Project is consistent with the General Plan and will not result in significant environmental impacts that were not previously identified as significant project-level, cumulative or offsite effects in the 2013 FEIR. The Project is exempt from further CEQA review since it is consistent with the General Plan.
The Project is within the scope of development projected under the General Plan for which an EIR was certified in 2013. The Project will implement applicable mitigation measures identified in the 2013 FEIR. In addition, the Project will be required to comply with applicable conditions of approval (Exhibit B) and is subject to uniformly applied development standards. With implementation of required mitigation measures and conditions of approval, the Project will not result in a substantial increase in the severity or significant impacts that were previously identified in the program level EIR, nor will the Project introduce any new significant impacts that were not previously identified. Therefore, there will be no additional environmental impacts beyond those analyzed in the 2013 FEIR.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 12 of 30
Exhibit B
CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
6756 – 6792 Central Avenue
Alameda County Assessor’s Parcel Number(s) 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17 Planning Division
a. A building permit shall be required prior to the construction of the Project. The building permit plans shall be substantially consistent with the approved plans (see Attachment 1, Exhibit D), or as otherwise required by these conditions of approval. b. These conditions of approval shall be printed on the building-permit drawings associated with this Project.
c. A Planning Final shall be required prior to the Final Building Inspection. d. The applicant/property owner/business operator/developer shall comply with any and all applicable federal, state, or local laws and regulations. e. The building permit plans shall demonstrate compliance with the enclosure pad, bumpers, clear zone, and drainage requirements for the trash enclosure as outlined in NMC §17.17.120(B)(2). f. Any revisions to the proposed garbage, refuse and recycling service pick up plan shall require review and approval by Republic Services and the Community Development Director, prior to the issuance of a building permit. No refuse, garbage or recycling shall be stored outdoors except within the approved trash enclosure.
g. The building permit plans shall show the removal of the new chain link fencing along the front (southwestern) property line as part of the building permit submittal. h. The building permit plans shall show the design of the sidewalk along the property frontage on Central Avenue as part of the building permit submittal. i. The Landscape Plans (Sheet LC1.1) shall show the correct design of the driveway curb cuts. j. The building permit plans shall show the 32 dock doors with two grade-level doors and 14 door knockouts.
k. Any proposed changes to the design of the new industrial building that include the conversion of the additional door knockouts to dock doors for an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and/or a “wholesaling and distribution” use shall require Planning Commission review and approval.
l. All other proposed changes from approved exhibits shall be submitted to the Community Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 13 of 30
Development Director who shall decide if they warrant Planning Commission review and, if so decided, said changes shall be submitted for the Commission’s review and decision. The applicant and/or property owner shall pay the prevailing fee for each additional separate submittal of project exhibits requiring Planning Commission and/or City Council review and approval.
m. Prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, the parking areas, aisles and access drives shall be installed and striped as shown on the approved site plan. n. If any of the conditions of approval are not incompliance and/or have been substantially expanded beyond the Project’s approval regarding parking, on-site circulation and/or traffic , the Community Development Director shall review and decide how to mitigate those issues. A parking, on-site circulation and/or traffic analysis shall be prepared at the discretion of the Community Development Director and the cost of the applicant and/or property owners. The applicant and/or property owners shall mitigate any issues identified by the parking, on-site circulation and/or traffic study. If the applicant does not mitigate these issues, the entitlements may be referred to the Planning Commission for determination if the entitlements are to be revoked.
o. Parking lot cleaning with sweeping or vacuum equipment shall not be permitted between 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.
p. All landscaping shall be maintained in healthy growing condition. Wherever necessary, plantings shall be replaced with other plant materials to ensure continued compliance with the applicable landscaping regulations in NMC Chapter 17.21. q. All exterior utility pipes and meters shall be painted to match and/or complement the color of the adjoining building surface, as approved by the Community Development Director. r. All exterior lighting shall comply with all applicable regulations in NMC §17.17.060 - Lighting and Illumination. All exterior lighting shall be directed on-site so as not to create glare off-site. s. All mechanical and electrical equipment (e.g., transformer, generator, roof equipment, etc.) shall meet the screening requirements in NMC §17.17.100 - Screening. Mechanical and electrical equipment such as air conditioners (AC) units shall not be placed in the front or street side yard. If equipment is placed in any other location that makes it visible to public view, the equipment shall be properly screened with solid material pursuant to the regulations in NMC §17.17.100 - Screening.
t. The Project shall comply with all applicable noise standards in the NMC and General Plan, including, but not limited to NMC §17.24.100 - Noise. This includes all mechanical and electrical equipment.
u. All construction noise activity shall abide by NMC §17.24.100 - Noise. v. Construction equipment, including compressors, generators and mobile equipment shall be Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 14 of 30
fitted with heavy-duty mufflers designed to reduce noise impacts. w. The Project shall comply with the conditions outlined in the Acoustical Assessment prepared by Kimly Horn dated December 2023, or as amended.
x. The Project shall implement the Project Design Features from the Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Technical Analysis prepared by FirstCarbon Solutions dated July 19, 2024, or as amended, which includes:
PDF AIR-1 Prohibition of Cold Storage Use and Transport Refrigeration Units The project operation would address any potential Transport Refrigeration Unit usage by requiring the following:
Contractual language in all tenant lease agreements that will prohibit tenants from operating Transport Refrigeration Units (TRUs) within the project site. Requiring a restrictive covenant over the parcel that prohibits the applicant’s use of TRUs on the property unless the applicant seeks and receives an amendment to its conditional use permit allowing such use.
The application of any future requests for cold storage and associated TRU usage to include an analysis which requires the modeling and a Health Risk Assessment of air toxic contaminants emitted from operation of these TRUs. The results of such analysis must demonstrate that the operation of TRUs would not result in a significant health impact as defined by BAAQMD thresholds.
PDF AIR-2 All-Electric Design
Prior to issuance of building permits, the project applicant shall provide documentation (e.g., site plan) to the City to demonstrate that the proposed industrial development does not include natural gas appliances or natural gas plumbing.
PDF AIR-3 Use of Tier 4 Construction Equipment
Prior to the issuance of any demolition, grading, or building permits (whichever occurs earliest), the project applicant and/or construction contractor shall prepare a construction operations plan that, during construction activities, requires all off-road equipment with engines greater than 50 horsepower to meet particulate matter emissions standards for Tier 4 Interim engines at the minimum. The construction contractor shall maintain records documenting its efforts to comply with this requirement, including equipment lists. Offroad equipment descriptions and information shall include, but are not limited to, equipment type, equipment manufacturer, equipment identification number, engine model year, engine certification (Tier rating), horsepower, and engine serial number. The project applicant and/or construction contractor shall submit the construction operations plan and records of compliance to the City
y. Prior to the installation of any signage, the applicant and/or property owners shall submit a Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 15 of 30
Sign Permit Application to the Planning Division for review and approval. Signage, including freestanding signs and wall signs, shall comply with Chapter 17.25 – Signage Standards. z. Prior to the issuance of grading and site work permit(s), mailbox locations and designs shall be approved by the Community Development Director and Newark Postmaster, in that order. aa. Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the applicant shall hire a qualified biologist to: (1) determine if occupied Burrowing Owl habitat(s) exist on the site, and (2) implement a plan to protect the owls and to excavate the site around any active burrows using hand tools to assure that the owls are not buried during grading in the event Burrowing Owl habitat(s) is found on the site. The occupied Burrowing Owl habitat(s), if found, shall not be disturbed during the nesting season. The Burrowing Owl study shall be conducted not more than 30 days prior to the time site grading activities will commence.
bb. The site and its improvements shall be maintained in a neat and presentable condition, to the satisfaction of the Community Development Director. This shall include, but not limited to, repainting surfaces damaged by graffiti, site clean-up, and maintenance of the landscaping areas. Graffiti removal/repainting, site clean-up, and maintenance of the landscaping areas shall occur on a continuing, as needed basis.
cc. Construction site trailers and buildings located on-site shall be used for office and storage purposes only and shall not be used for living or sleeping quarters. Any vehicle or portable building brought on the site during construction shall remain graffiti free. dd. Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant, property owners, and/or developer shall pay the City’s impact fees in effect as well as the Community Development Maintenance Fee. The impact fees shall be based on the new building square footage for the Project. ee. The applicant shall work with the City on the public art installation for the Project as part of the building permit submittal. The Project shall be waived from paying the Art in Public Places and Private Development fee if public art is installed. ff. The Project sponsor shall require construction contractors to implement the following applicable BAAQMD Basic Construction Mitigation Measures to reduce emissions of fugitive dust and equipment exhaust.
gg. Measures to respond to and track complaints pertaining to construction noise shall include: (1) a procedure and phone numbers for notifying the City of Newark Building Inspection Division and Newark Police Department (during regular construction hours and off-hours); and (2) a sign posted on-site pertaining to the permitted construction days and hours and complaint procedures and who to notify in the event of a problem. The sign shall also include a listing of both the City and construction contractor’s telephone numbers (during regular construction hours and off-hours).
hh. During project construction, if historic, archeological or Native American materials or artifacts are identified, work within a 50-foot radius of such find shall cease and the City shall retain the Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 16 of 30
services of a qualified archeologist and/or paleontologist to assess the significance of the find.
If such find is determined to be significant by the archeologist and/or paleontologist, a resource protection plan conforming to CEQA §15064.5 shall be prepared by the archeologist and/or paleontologist and approved by the Community Development Director. The plan may include, but would not be limited to, removal of resources or similar actions. Project work may be resumed in compliance with such plan. If human remains are encountered, the County Coroner shall be contacted immediately, and the provisions of State law carried out. ii. The City of Newark and its agents, officers, and employees shall be defended, indemnified, and held harmless from any claim, action or proceedings against the City, or its agents, officers, and employees to attach, set aside, void, or annul the approval of this application or the environmental determination which accompanies it, or which otherwise arises out of or in connection with the City’s action on this application, including but not limited to, damages, costs, expenses, attorney’s fees, or expert witness fees. jj. The Community Development Director shall interpret applicable requirements in the event of any redundancy or conflict in conditions of approval.
kk. The Community Development Director shall have the right to modify or terminate this Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit at any time if any of the terms of such permit or the conditions of approval for said permit are violated, or for other good cause deemed necessary to maintain or improve the public right-of-way or to preserve and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public.
ll. If any condition of the entitlements be declared invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the entitlements shall terminate and be of no force and effect, at the election of the Planning Commission and/or City Council on motion. mm. The applicant hereby agrees to defend, indemnify, and save harmless the City of Newark, its Council, boards, commissions, officers, employees and agents, from and against any and all claims, suits, actions, liability, loss, damage, expense, cost (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, costs and fees of litigation) of every nature, kind or description, which may be brought by a third party against, or suffered or sustained by, the City of Newark, its Council, boards, commissions, officers, employees or agents to challenge or void the permit granted herein or any California Environmental Quality Act determinations related thereto. nn. In the event that any person should bring an action to attack, set aside, void or annul the City’s approval of this project, the applicant shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the City and/or its agents, officers and employees from any claim, action, or proceeding against the City and/or its agents, officers and employees with counsel selected by the applicant (which shall be the same counsel used by applicant) and reasonably approved by the City. Applicant’s obligation to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the City and/or its agents, officers and employees shall be subject to the City’s compliance with Government Code Section 66474.9. oo. The Conditions of Project Approval set forth herein may include certain fees, dedication requirements, reservation requirements and other exactions. Pursuant to Government Code Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 17 of 30
Section 66020(d)(1), these Conditions constitute written notice of a statement of the amount of such fees, and a description of the dedications, reservations and other exactions. The applicant is hereby further notified that the 90-day approval period in which the applicant may protest these fees, dedications, reservations and other exactions, pursuant to Government Code Section 66020(a), has begun. If the applicant fails to file a protest within this 90-day period complying with all of the requirements of Section 66020, the applicant will be legally barred from later challenging such exactions.
pp. Per NMC §17.31.130, the approval or conditional approval of the Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit shall expire three years from the date the Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit was approved or conditionally approved if it is not exercised or extended within three years of its approval. Additionally, any other permit granted under NMC Title 17 - Zoning, shall automatically expire if it is not exercised or extended within two years of its approval, unless a different time period is specified.
Engineering Division
qq. SUBDIVISION MAPS: The subdivision of land is governed by Newark Municipal Code Title 16, as well as the California Government Code §§66410-66499.85 (Subdivision Map Act). All maps are subject to review and approval by the City Engineer. Recordation of the subdivision map shall be coordinated by the applicant’s title company, with one full-sized mylar copy of the recorded map returned to the City.
1. Prior to building permit issuance, the parcel map to merge the four individual parcels into one shall be recorded at the Alameda County Recorders’ Office.
2. Coinciding with the Planning Commission’s approval of the entitlements, the applicant shall execute the encumbrance documents as listed below, and submit them to the City for review and final execution within ten (10) working days following the expiration of the appeal period. If the project is appealed and requires City Council action on the entitlements, the documents shall be executed and submitted to the City for review and approval within ten (10) working days following City Council approval.
Upon execution by the City, the documents shall be recorded with the Alameda County Recorder’s Office. Exhibit EX-2 shows the conceptual layout of the easements, and the actual dimensions and easements shall be to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. i. 14-foot-wide Landscape Easement
ii. 10-foot-wide Public Service Easement along the project frontage up to the limits of the future Central Avenue overpass improvements where a grade difference between Central Avenue and project site.
iii. 30-foot-wide Alameda County Water District (ACWD) Waterline Easement as shown on the Exhibit EX-2.
iv. 30-foot-wide Access Easement to the satisfaction of ACWD. v. Three ACWD water lateral easements connecting Central Avenue and the 30-footwide Waterline Easement to the satisfaction of ACWD.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 18 of 30
vi. ACWD water lateral easement extending southeast direction from the 30-foot-wide ACWD Waterline Easement to the satisfaction of ACWD.
vii. 10-foot-wide Sidewalk and Maintenance Easement to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
viii. Emergency Vehicle Access Easement as required to the satisfaction of Alameda County Fire Department.
ix. Temporary Construction Easement (TCE) A and TCE B to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
x. Complete relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-17 and 92A-2165-16, and a partial relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-15 and 92A-2165-14 to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. xi. Reciprocal access, Private Utility Easement, Private Stormdrain Easement, Emergency Vehicle Access Easement (EVAE), Public Utility Easement (PUE), Public Storm Drain Easement, parking easements shall be established in favor of APNs 92A-2165-17 and 92A-2165-16 over APNs 92A-2165-15 and 92A-2165-14, as determined by the final design and to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. This requirement is necessary because the lots will not be merged until the Parcel Map is recorded. Additionally, the complete relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-17 and 92A-2165-16, and a partial relinquishment of abutter’s rights over the frontage of APNs 92A-2165-15 and 92A-2165-14, shall coincide with the Planning Commission’s approval of the Entitlements.
3. Concurrent with approval of the Parcel Map, the applicant shall effectuate the removal of any existing easements encumbering the property that conflict with areas proposed for improvement. Elimination or modification of existing easements on the site requires approval from the respective utility district or company and the City of Newark. Easement modifications and removals shall be performed with the Parcel Map.
4. Along with the Parcel Map application, a complete improvement plan set shall be submitted to the Engineering Division for review and approval to ensure conformance with relevant codes, policies, and other requirements of the Newark Municipal Code and City of Newark Street improvement standards. These plans shall be prepared by a qualified person licensed by the State of California to do such work. The plans shall be drawn to an appropriate scale as required by the City Engineer.
rr. SUBDIVISION IMPROVEMENT AGREEMENT: Prior to approval of the parcel map, the applicant shall enter into a Subdivision Improvement Agreement with the City and guarantee all necessary public and private street improvements and other common area improvements within the subdivision and beyond the map boundary in accordance with the improvement plans to be approved by the City Engineer. The agreement requires the applicant to post financial security in the form of either a cash deposit, letter of credit, or surety bonds in amounts equivalent to the value of the public improvements. If surety bonds are utilized, the amounts of the bonds shall be 100% of the total estimated value of the public improvements consistent with the City of Newark Municipal Code. In addition, the City requires a warranty bond (often referred to as a maintenance bond) for 20% of the estimated value. The warranty period shall be active for no less than one-Calander year following formal acceptance of the improvements. The warranty bond may be released by the City Engineer upon completion of Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 19 of 30
the warranty period and correction of all warranty items to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
All submitted securities are subject to review and approval by the City Attorney. ss. SIDEWALK IMPROVEMENTS: The project is responsible for constructing a six-foot-wide meandering sidewalk along the property frontage on Central Avenue, connecting to the adjacent northeast property, consistent with the City of Newark Standard Details. The precise alignment and limits of the sidewalk shall be shown on the improvement plans and are subject to approval by the City Engineer prior to recordation of the Parcel Map.
The City Engineer reserves the right to waive this sidewalk construction requirement. Any waiver of this requirement will be communicated in writing to the applicant. tt. GEOTECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Submit a Geotechnical Report that shall address in-situ and import soils in accordance with the City of Newark Grading and Excavation Ordinance, Chapter 15.50. This report shall include recommendations regarding pavement sections. Grading operations shall be in accordance with recommendations contained in the soils report and shall be completed under the supervision of an engineer registered in the State of California to do such work.
2. Additional Geotech Investigation Report peer review by the City’s consultant to verify the targeted static and seismic induced settlement reductions shall be required to be performed prior to the issuance of the building permit. Ground improvement methods, if proposed, may require coordination and approval from Alameda County Water District. The applicant shall pay for costs associated with the Geotechnical peer review and/or inspections per the City’s Master Fee Schedule.
3. Prior to Grading Permit and Building Permit issuance, recommendations from the project’s geotechnical investigation, as prepared by a California-licensed Geotechnical Engineer or Certified Engineering Geologist, shall be incorporated into the design of the improvements and/or explicitly noted on the plans. The author(s) of the geotechnical investigation shall certify on the plans that the designs comply with their recommendations. During construction, the applicant shall follow all recommendations.
4. The applicant’s geotechnical consultant shall inspect, test (as needed), and approve all geotechnical aspects of the project construction. The inspections shall include, but not necessarily be limited to: site preparation and grading, site surface and subsurface drainage improvements, and excavations for foundations prior to the placement of steel and concrete. The results of these inspections and the as-built conditions of the project shall be described by the geotechnical consultant in a letter and submitted to the City Engineer for review and approval prior to project final acceptance.
uu. CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT: This application is subject to a Construction General Permit according to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit No. CAS000002. Prior to the issuance of a grading permit or a building permit, the Waste Dischargers Identification (WDID) number shall be printed on the plans to provide evidence that the proposed site development work is covered by said General Permit for any Construction Activity. The applicant will be required to register the project with the State Water Board’s Stormwater Multi-Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS) website. A Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD) and a Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP) Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 20 of 30
shall be responsible for permit compliance. In addition, the grading plans need to state: “All grading work shall be done in accordance with the approved Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan prepared by the developer pursuant to the Notice of Intent on file with the State Water Resources Control Board.”
vv. CLEAN WATER PROGRAM (LARGE PROJECTS):
1. Because the project creates and/or replaces more than 5,000 square feet of impervious surface, it is considered a Regulated Project according to Provision C.3.b of the Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit that regulates stormwater runoff in Alameda County.
The Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program developed a C.3 Guidance Manual to assist applicants in addressing these regulations. The Guidance Manual is available for download at:
https://cleanwaterprogram.org/businesses/development/
Regulated projects shall include stormwater treatment measures in the site design to remove pollutants from stormwater upstream of any connection to the City’s or Alameda County’s stormwater conveyance networks. In addition, regulated projects shall be subject to a Stormwater Treatment Measure Maintenance Agreement between the City and property owner to assure long-term maintenance of the installed measures. The City will provide a template agreement. Once executed, the agreement shall be recorded against the property.
The provided Preliminary Stormwater Treatment Plan is approved in concept only. The final Stormwater Treatment Design shall be prepared by a licensed civil engineer. Final approval is subject to the applicant providing the necessary plans, details, and calculations that demonstrate the plan comply with the latest Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit (MRP).
2. Prior to Parcel Map approval, Stormwater Requirements Checklist shall be submitted along with the improvement plans for review and approval.
3. All stormwater treatment measures are subject to review and approval by the Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District. The developer shall modify the grading and drainage and stormwater treatment design as necessary to satisfy any imposed requirements from the District.
ww. FULL TRASH CAPTURE: The entire site shall be equipped with full trash capture devices approved by the Regional Water Quality Control Board – San Francisco Bay Region and the Mosquito Abatement District, for 100% trash capture at all on-site and adjoining off-site storm drain inlets. All on-site trash capture devices shall be permanently maintained by the property owner. Acceptable off-site trash capture devices can be found on the City’s website at https://www.newark.org/departments/public-works/engineering-division/stormwaterprogram. xx. GRADING AND DRAINAGE PLANS: Prior to Parcel Map approval, the developer shall submit detailed grading and drainage plans for review and approval by the City Engineer.
Plans shall be based on a City benchmark, on NGVD 29 datum, shall include pad and finish Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 21 of 30
floor elevations of each proposed structure, proposed on-site property grades, proposed elevations at property line, and sufficient elevations on all adjacent properties to show existing drainage patterns. All on-site pavement shall drain at a minimum of one percent. The developer shall ensure that all upstream drainage is not blocked and that no ponding is created by this development. Any construction necessary to ensure this shall be the developer's sole responsibility.
yy. HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC REPORT: Hydrology and hydraulic calculations, including a drainage area map for on and offsite watersheds, a narrative explaining assumptions, criteria, methodology, and how the starting HGL was established, shall be submitted for review and approval by the City Engineer and the Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District (ACFC&WCD) prior to approval of the improvement plans and Parcel Map. The calculations shall show that the City and County freeboard requirements are satisfied and that any increase in flow is mitigated with on-site detention or storage, such that the downstream facility will not be surcharged by the post-development discharge from the project.
zz. EMERGENCY OVERLAND STORMWATER FLOW/SUMP PROPERTIES: The Grading Plans shall show that the entire property is designed with an emergency overland flow path to direct storm runoff to the nearest public street or open flood control facility in the event on-site pipes become plugged. The flow path shall be lower than the finish floor elevation of all habitable structures. The flow path cannot rely on neighboring properties unless a storm drain easement across the neighbor is obtained. Sump properties shall be designed to discharge the 50-year recurrence interval storm event through the pipe network before habitable structures become inundated.
aaa. Where a grade differential is created along the boundary lot lines between the proposed development and adjacent property, the applicant shall install a permanent retaining wall (concrete or masonry or similar approved material) unless a slope easement is approved by the City Engineer. Said retaining wall shall be subject to review and approval of the City Engineer.
A grading permit is required by the Building Inspection Division prior to starting site grading work.
bbb. SITE DESIGN:
1. During the building permit review, the plans shall show the visibility control triangle to demonstrate compliance with the Visibility Ordinance. The plans shall show that there is no obstructions adjacent to the driveways, and determine where signs or any above-grade utility boxes can be located. The Engineering Department can provide a copy of Visibility Ordinance information sheet when requested.
2. The Preliminary Landscape Plan shows trees within the landscape strip along south property line that conflict with an existing sewer line to remain. If these trees are accounted towards meeting any landscape zoning code, a revised Preliminary Landscape Plan will need to show removal of these trees and their new locations.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 22 of 30
ccc. Prior to issuance of Building Permit, existing buildings within the project boundary shall be demolished. The applicant shall apply and receive a building permit and obtain a permit final for the demolition.
ddd. The applicant shall install private streets improvements including, but not be limited to driveways, drive aisles, parking facilities, utilities, storm water treatment facilities, screen walls, fencing, and all landscape areas. All private streets in the development shall be designed and constructed to City standards, are subject to review and approval by the City Engineer and shall be included with the improvement plans.
eee. The applicant shall obtain grading and site work permit(s) from Building Inspection Division for the site grading (rough grading and/or fine grading) and private structures including, but not limited to perimeter retaining walls. fff. PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM: Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the developer's engineer shall submit a pavement maintenance program for the drive aisles and parking areas for the review and approval of the City Engineer. The developer shall incorporate the program into the required Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and Storm Water Treatment Measures Maintenance Agreement.
ggg. Prior to issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy or release of utilities for the building, vehicle access ways and parking facilities shown on the plans shall be paved in accordance with the recommendation of a licensed engineer based on a Traffic Index of 5.0 and striped as shown on the approved site plan. Minimum asphalt concrete thickness for the vehicle access ways shall be 4 inches.
hhh. All dry utilities including, but not limited to, electric, telephone, alarm systems, and cable television services shall be provided underground from the point-of-connection at the utility purveyor’s network to the service point. Electrical transformers shall be installed in underground vaults with an appropriate public utility easement. iii. Multiple street trench cuts and openings (i.e. greater than two street cuts or openings) as a result of utility connections and other necessary street openings on Central Avenue shall be resurfaced from curb to curb to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. All pavement restoration and resurfacing shall be completed concurrent with the site development. The extent of street resurfacing shall be shown on the improvement plans prior to approval of Parcel Map. The extent of resurfacing to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. jjj. All public improvements shall be designed in conformance with the City of Newark Municipal Code and the City’s adopted Standard Details in effect at the time of issuance of the permit(s). kkk. ENCROACHMENT PERMIT: Any work performed within the City’s right-of-way, City easements, or City-owned property shall be subject to an Encroachment Permit as defined in Newark Municipal Code. All encroachment permit work is subject to adopted City of Newark Standard Details, and shall be performed by properly-licensed contractors as determined by the Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 23 of 30
City Engineer. Said contractors must provide evidence of proper licensure, insurance and Cityissued Business License upon application for a permit. lll. OTHER AGENCY APPROVALS:
1. Prior to Parcel Map recordation, the proposed water, sewer, and dry utility connections are subject to review and approval by the Alameda County Water District (ACWD), Union Sanitary District (USD), and Pacific, Gas & Electric Company (PG&E), respectively. The Title Sheet of improvement plans shall be signed by the ACWD, USD prior to recordation of Parcel Map. Any necessary site and utility design changes to satisfy requirements from the individual utilities or districts shall be the applicant’s responsibility.
2. The applicant is encouraged to apply to PG&E as soon as possible to discuss the project’s electrical and gas needs. Joint trench composite plans shall be part of the improvement plan submitted along with the Parcel Map application.
3. The project improvement plans along with the Hydrology & Hydraulic Report shall be submitted to Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District (ACFC&WCD) for their review and approval. The Title Sheet of improvement plans shall be signed by the ACFCD prior to recordation of Parcel Map. mmm. The developer shall repair and/or replace any public improvements along Central Avenue if damaged during construction, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. nnn. For the duration of all construction activities, the developer shall ensure that a water vehicle for dust control operations and a pick-up or vacuum type street sweeper to remove tracked dirt and debris from adjacent streets is kept readily available at all times during construction at the City Engineer's direction.
ooo. The developer shall implement the following measures for the duration of all construction activity to minimize air quality impacts:
1. Watering should be used to control dust generation during demolition of structures and break-up of pavement.
2. All trucks hauling demolition debris from the site shall be covered.
3. Dust-proof chutes shall be used to load debris into trucks whenever feasible. Watering should be used to control dust generation during transport and handling of recycled materials.
4. All active construction areas shall be watered at least twice daily and more often during windy periods; active areas adjacent to the existing land uses shall be kept damp at all times or shall be treated with non-toxic stabilizers or dust palliatives.
5. All trucks hauling soil, sand, and other loose materials shall be covered or require all trucks to maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard.
6. All unpaved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas at construction sites shall be paved, watered three times daily, or treated with (non-toxic) soil stabilizers.
7. All paved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas at construction sites shall be swept daily with water sweepers; water sweepers shall vacuum up excess water to avoid runoffrelated impacts to water quality.
8. Limit traffic speeds on unpaved roads to 15 mph.
9. Install sandbags or other erosion control measures to prevent silt runoff to public roadways.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 24 of 30
10. Replant vegetation in disturbed areas as quickly as possible.
11. Minimize idling time (5 minutes maximum).
12. Maintain properly tuned equipment.
These measures shall be incorporated into the grading specifications as well as the best management practices of the storm water pollution prevention plan and shall be implemented to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
ppp. POLLUTANT REDUCTION IN STORMWATER: At no time during construction of the project shall pollutants be allowed to enter, clog, or contaminate stormdrain pipe networks or open stormwater channels in violation of Newark Municipal Code. The applicant shall contain all trash and debris for proper disposal to authorized landfills or recyclers. Erosion control features shall be deployed during the rainy season that extends from October 1st to April 15th each year, or any time rain is forecast outside of this period. Best Management Practices (BMPs) shall be strictly followed. Street sweepers must be employed if soil or debris is tracked onto the public roads from vehicles exiting the site. Standard BMPs are available from the California Stormwater Quality Association (CASQA), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Caltrans, and others. Notes and/or illustrations shall be added to the plans that describe the BMPs to be utilized during construction. The use of manufactured erosion control woven blankets and straw wattles that utilize plastic monofilament netting is specifically prohibited.
qqq. SWPPP REPORTING: Copies of any monitoring and/or sampling reports required by the stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) and submitted by the Legally Responsible Person (LRP) to the State of California’s SMARTS database shall also be submitted to the City of Newark inspector assigned to the project. The LRP shall also submit to the City a copy of the required Annual Report no later than September 1st of each year that construction is active or when erosion control features have been deployed. The report must include a summary of all sampling and analysis performed (Risk Levels 2 and 3 only), a log of all inspections performed including Rain Event Action Plans (REAP), a summary of any required corrective actions taken, and a summary of any violations.
rrr. TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY: Transportation Impact Study prepared by Kimley-Horn, dated May 2025, identified a queuing deficiency at the northbound left-lane of intersection #5 at Cherry Street and Central Avenue. To correct the deficiency, the applicant shall be responsible for modifying signal phasing as per recommended by the approved Transportation Impact Study. The applicant shall be solely responsible for all costs associated with the traffic signal improvements. These traffic signal modifications shall be completed prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy or Temporary Certificate of Occupancy, whichever occurs first, for the project. The applicant shall submit improvement plans for the necessary modifications to the City for review and approval prior to the issuance of any Building Permit. sss.The applicant shall provide all required paper and digital submittals of the project parcel map, improvement plans, and as-built plans as required by the City Engineer, including but not necessarily limited to the following: (1) One full-sized mylar copy and an electronic copy of the recorded parcel map; (2) Two full-sized copies, four half-sized copies, and electronic Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 25 of 30
copies of the approved improvement plans in a format approved by the City Engineer; (3) Electronic copies and one mylar set of the as-built improvement plans. All digital copies of the parcel map and improvement plans shall be prepared in accordance with Union Sanitary District digital submittal standards.
ttt. LANDSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS:
1. All landscape maintenance within the Landscape Easement shall be the sole responsibility of the property owner. The applicant shall enter into a Landscape Maintenance Agreement prior to the issuance of the building permit. The Landscape Maintenance Agreement shall run with the land and be binding on the property owner.
2. The landscape plans shall be included in the improvement plan set and shall be approved by the City Engineer prior to Parcel Map approval. landscape plans in accordance with the State of California Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) and per the Newark Municipal Code. Additionally, prior to project permit approvals, the applicant will be required to submit a completed City Landscape Document Package Review Checklist, which will be provided by the Engineering Department on request. Prior to Certificate of Occupancy, the applicant shall be required to submit a completed City Certificate of Completion Form. Prior to Building Permit issuance, submit the project Landscape Plans that demonstrate compliance to City of Newark requirements and MWELO requirements.
3. Prior to Building Permit issuance, the proposed tree species adjacent to the Central Avenue shall be shown on the plans in detail for review and approval, and coordinated with the City. The location of the trees on the project frontage along Central Avenue shall be approved by the City such that, at maturity, the tree canopies and root system do not impact the future City infrastructure.
4. Any above ground utility structures, including backflow prevention devices, and appurtenances, shall be installed within the applicant’s property line and a minimum of 10 feet behind street face of curbs. The backflow prevention devices shall have a green painted security cage to protect it from vandalism. These locations shall be screened with landscaping to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. The landscape screen shall not interfere with the utility companies’ or City Fire Department’s access.
5. A Deferred Improvement Agreement (DIA) for the landscape and irrigation improvements may be required based on construction schedules and the potential future City project on Central Avenue. A Reimbursement Agreement to cover City Attorney fees associated with the DIA is required.
Building Inspection Division
uuu. The project is currently subject to the 2022 California Building Standards, should the project not apply for permits before December 18th, 2025 the project will be subject to the code edition that is adopted at the time when it is applied for this includes all chapters of the building standards.
vvv. Per the CEQA guidelines, the number EV spaces shall meet the requirements of CalGreen Tier 2.
Alameda County Fire Department
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 26 of 30
www. Project must comply with all building and fire code requirements in effect at time of building permit submittal.
xxx. The flow test must be conducted no more than 12 months prior to the fire sprinkler plan submittal. The flow test data should be included with the fire sprinkler plan submission. yyy. A fire alarm system will be required in addition to the fire sprinkler system. zzz. Fire access and water supply must be in service prior to the commencement of vertical combustible construction.
aaaa. The building must be equipped with a fire pump. Please indicate the location and size of the fire pump room, in accordance with the California Fire Code and NFPA 20. bbbb. The project shall comply with all building and fire code requirements in effect at time of building permit.
cccc. The rolling tube steel gate shall not obstruct the fire apparatus access road. A Fire Department key box shall be provided at the gate entrance if the gate is manually operated, and a switch box shall be provided if the gate is electrically powered. dddd. The project shall comply with all building and fire code requirements in effect at time of building permit.
eeee. High pile storage shall be submitted as a deferred submittal to the Fire Department for review and approval.
Police Department
ffff. The development shall comply with Chapter 15.06, Security Code, of the Newark Municipal Code and Section 510, Emergency Responder Radio Coverage in New Buildings, of the California Fire Code.
gggg. We would highly recommend installation of community safety cameras in common areas where the facility would be most susceptible to criminal activity. This would include parking areas, exterior pathways and exterior doors. The community safety cameras could be operated and controlled by the owner or the Building Management. hhhh. We would highly recommend installation of a professionally monitored alarm system covering areas of the facility that would be most susceptible to criminal activity such as burglaries and cargo thefts. This would include parking areas, exterior pathways, gates, perimeter fencing as well as building windows and exterior doors. iiii. The proposed development should comply with the City of Newark numbering system and tie in with the existing area street numbering. Additionally, the proposed buildings should display their individual street address in a manner clearly visible from the adjacent roadway and parking areas in order to facilitate public safety personnel’s ability to quickly identify each location during emergency responses.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 27 of 30
Environmental Conditions of Approval
jjjj. The following conditions of approval have been identified through this analysis and ensure implementation of applicable mitigation measures and policies set forth in the General Plan and its EIR.
AES-1: All exterior lighting shall comply with all applicable regulations in NMC §17.17.060 (Lighting and Illumination) and NMC Chapter 17.23 (Parking and Loading). All exterior lighting shall be directed on-site so as not to create glare offsite, as required by the Community Development Director.
AQ-1: The following dust control measures, as recommended by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), shall be included in the design of the proposed project and implemented during construction:
1. All exposed non-paved surfaces (e.g., parking areas, staging areas, soil piles, graded areas, and access roads) shall be watered at least two times per day and/or non-toxic soil stabilizers shall be applied to exposed non-paved surfaces.
2. All haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material off-site shall be covered and/or shall maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard.
3. All visible mud or dirt tracked out onto adjacent public roads shall be removed using wet power vacuum street sweepers at least once per day. The use of dry power sweeping is prohibited.
4. All vehicle speeds on unpaved roads shall be limited to 15 miles per hour.
5. All roadways, driveways, and sidewalks to be paved shall be completed as soon as possible. Building pads shall be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used.
6. Idling times shall be minimized either by shutting equipment off when not in use or reducing the maximum idling time to 5 minutes, as required by the California Airborne Toxics Control Measure (ATCM) Title 13, Section 2485 of California Code of Regulations. Clear signage regarding idling restrictions shall be provided for construction workers at all access points.
7. All construction equipment shall be maintained and properly tuned in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. All equipment shall be checked by a certified mechanic and determined to be running in proper condition prior to operation.
8. The prime construction contractor shall post a publicly visible sign with the telephone number and person to contact regarding dust complaints. The construction contractor shall take corrective action within 48 hours. The BAAQMD’s and the City’s phone numbers shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations.
BIO-1: To avoid and minimize potential impacts to nesting birds including passerines and raptors, the following measures shall be implemented:
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 28 of 30
1. Grading or removal of potentially occupied habitat shall be conducted outside the nesting season, which occurs between approximately February 1 to August
31. 2. If grading between August 31 and February 1 is infeasible and groundbreaking must occur within the nesting season, a pre-construction nesting bird survey (migratory species, passerines, and raptors) of the potentially occupied habitat (trees, shrubs, grassland) shall be performed by a qualified biologist within 7 days of groundbreaking. If no nesting birds are observed no further action is required and grading shall occur within one week of the survey to prevent “take” of individual birds that could begin nesting after the survey.
3. If active bird nests (either passerine and/or raptor) are observed during the preconstruction survey, a disturbance-free buffer zone shall be established around the occupied habitat until the young have fledged, as determined by a qualified biologist. The radius of the required buffer zone can vary depending on the species, (i.e., 75-100 feet for passerines and 200-500 feet for raptors). The dimensions of any required buffer zones shall be determined by a qualified biologist.
4. To delineate the buffer zone around the occupied habitat, construction fencing shall be placed at the specified radius from the nest within which no machinery or workers shall intrude.
5. Biological monitoring of active nests shall be conducted by a qualified biologist to ensure that nests are not disturbed and that buffers are appropriate, adjusted by a qualified biologist as needed to avoid disturbance.
6. No construction or earth-moving activity shall occur within any established nest protection buffer prior to September 1 unless it is determined by a qualified ornithologist/biologist that the young have fledged (that is, left the nest) and have attained sufficient flight skills to avoid project construction zones, or that the nesting cycle is otherwise completed.
BIO-2: Prior to any tree removal or alteration, the applicant shall obtain a tree removal permit from the City of Newark Public Works Department and implement tree planting requirements in accordance with development review.
CUL-1: During project construction, if historic, archaeological or Native American materials or artifacts are identified, work within 50-foot radius of such find shall cease and the City shall retain the services of a qualified archeologist and/or paleontologist to assess the significance of the find. adopted with the certification of the 2013 FEIR because not all impacts in the Southwest Newark Residential and Recreational Focus Area may be reduced to less than significant levels.
If such find is determined to be significant by the archeologist and/or paleontologist, a resource protection plan conforming to CEQA §15064.5 shall be prepared by the archeologist and/or paleontologist and approved by the Community Development Director. The plan may include, but would not be limited to, removal of resources and similar actions. Project work may be resumed in compliance with such plan. If human remains are encountered, all ground disturbing activities near or in any area potentially overlying adjacent human remains shall cease, the County Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 29 of 30
Coroner shall be contacted immediately, and the provisions of State law carried out.
GEO-1 Prior to issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall prepare and submit a design-level geotechnical report to the City for review and implement the recommendations herein, as approved by the City.
GHG-1: COA GHG-1 The Project shall comply with the most recent CalGreen Tier 2 EV requirements for non-residential projects and show the required number of EV spaces on the plans.
HAZ-1: Prior to issuance of any demolition permit, the applicant/project developer shall provide the City of Newark with evidence of approval by the ACWD of the Media Management Plan, titled “Data Gap Investigation and request for site closure”, dated September 13, 2023, prepared by Farallon Consulting and case closure.
HYD-1: Preliminary Stormwater Treatment Plan is approved in concept only. Final approval is subject to the applicant providing, prior to the issuance of the grading permit, the necessary plans, details, and calculations that demonstrate the plan complies with the Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit (MRP), Order R2-2022-0018, revised July 1, 2022, issued to the City of Newark by the Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region.
HYD-2: Prior to issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall prepare an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Plan for post-construction water quality. The O&M Plan shall be reviewed and accepted by the City Engineer prior to Project Construction on the site.
NOI-1: The Applicant/Project Contractor shall implement the following noise reduction measures to minimize the impact of construction noise onto offsite receivers and demonstrate compliance to the satisfaction of the City of Newark Director of Public Works or City Engineer:
1. Construct solid plywood fences around ground level construction sites adjacent to the project property line, resulting in a decibel reduction of 5‐15 dBA.
2. ii. Equip all internal combustion engine‐driven equipment with intake and exhaust mufflers that are in good condition and appropriate for the equipment.
This would provide at least a 10 dBA reduction to individual equipment noise.
3. Prohibit unnecessary idling of internal combustion engines.
4. Locate stationary noise‐generating equipment such as air compressors or portable power generators as far as possible from the project property line.
Construct temporary noise barriers to screen stationary noise‐generating equipment at the project property line.
5. Utilize “quiet” air compressors and other stationary noise sources where technology exists.
6. Control noise from construction workers’ radios to a point where they are not audible at existing residences bordering the Project site.
Exhibit B: Conditions of Approval
Resolution No. 30 of 30
7. Notify all adjacent businesses, residences, and other noise‐sensitive land uses of the construction schedule, in writing, and provide a written schedule of “noisy” construction activities to the adjacent land uses and nearby residences.
8. If complaints are received or excessive noise levels cannot be reduced using the measures above, erect a temporary noise control blanket barrier along surrounding building facades that face the construction sites.
9. Designate a “disturbance coordinator” who shall be responsible for responding to any complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator shall determine the cause of the noise complaint (e.g., bad muffler, etc.) and shall require that reasonable measures be implemented to correct the problem.
Conspicuously post a telephone number for the disturbance coordinator at the construction site and include it in the notice sent to neighbors regarding the construction schedule.
NOI-2: Prior to issuance of a demolition permit or improvements plans, the Applicant shall prepare and submit the Construction Management plan to the City’s Building Department for review and shall make any modifications to the Plan for Building to find it acceptable. The Applicant/Project’s Contractor shall implement the Project’s Construction Management Plan included in the “Acoustical Assessment”, prepared for the Project by Kimley‐Horn and Associates, Inc., December 2023.
TRAN-1: Project improvements shall include a twice per cycle left-turn phase at the northbound left-turn lane of Cherry Street and Central Avenue.
UTIL-1: Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall pay the applicable impact fees, in the amount in effect at the time.
Resolution No. [Publish Date] 1 of 6
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
RESOLUTION NO. ______
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
NEWARK OVERTURNING THE PLANNING COMMISSION’S
DECISION OF APPROVAL THEREBY DENYING DR2022-010,
U2024-001, AND MUP2024-001, A DESIGN REVIEW,
CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT, AND MINOR USE PERMIT
FOR A NEW INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AND ASSOCIATED ONSITE IMPROVEMENTS AT 6756 – 6792 CENTRAL AVENUE (APN: 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, AND -17)
WHEREAS, Ryan Marshall, (the “Applicant”) and Prologis LP (the “Property Owner”), filed with the City of Newark an application for a Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (APN 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17) (the “Project”); and WHEREAS, the property at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (the “Project site”) has a combined lot size of approximately 756,061 square feet (17.4 acres) and has a General Plan LandUse designation of General Industrial and is currently zoned GI: General Industrial; and WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Design Review, which pursuant to Newark Municipal Code (NMC) §17.34.020 is required for all projects that require a permit for new construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, alteration, or other improvements to the exterior of a structure, site, or a parking area. Approval of the Design Review requires the Project to meet the Design Review criteria pursuant to NMC §17.34.060 to the extent that they apply; and WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Conditional Use Permit, which pursuant to NMC §17.09.020, an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and a “wholesaling and distribution” use requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit. Approval of the Conditional Use Permit requires the Project to meet all the following Use Permit findings pursuant to NMC §17.35.060; and
WHEREAS, the Applicant and Property Owner seek a Minor Use Permit, which pursuant to NMC §17.17.040(A)(2), an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet tall within the minimum required 10-foot front setback area requires approval of a Minor Use Permit. Approval of the Minor Permit requires the Project to meet all the following Minor Use Permit findings pursuant to NMC §17.35.060 and NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii); and WHEREAS, a California Environmental Quality Act (the "CEQA") analysis was prepared as set forth in Exhibit D to evaluate the environmental impacts of the Project in accordance with the CEQA Guidelines. With implementation of the applicable mitigation measures identified in the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the 2013 General Plan and conditions of approval as set forth in the analysis, the CEQA analysis determined and demonstrated that the Project is exempt from further environmental review pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Sections Resolution No. 2 of 6
15168 and 15183 and California Public Resources Code Section 21083.3 because the level of development proposed is within the development assumptions analyzed in the FEIR and the Project is consistent with the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on June 24, 2025, and after fully considering the Project, entitlements, staff report, findings of fact, conditions of approval, public comments, and all other testimony and evidence presented at the public hearing, voted 5-0 to approve the Project; and
WHEREAS, a Notice of Action describing the decision taken from the Planning Commission was sent to the members of the City Council and Planning Commission, applicant, all property owners within a minimum 1,000-foot radius of the Project site, all neighborhood and community organizations that have filed a written request for notice of projects in the area where the site is located, and all persons and groups who have filed a written request for notice regarding the specific application; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to NMC §17.31.100, a member of the City Council may call for review of a decision of the Director, Zoning Administrator, or Planning Commission; and WHEREAS, Council Member Grindall called for a review of the Planning Commission’s decision on the Project; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to NMC §17.31.060, a public hearing notice was published in The Tri City Voice on July 8, 2025 and mailed as required for a public hearing, and the City Council held a meeting on said application at 7:00 p.m. on July 24, 2025; and WHEREAS, the City Council held a public hearing on July 24, 2025, and fully considered the Project, entitlements, staff report, findings of fact, conditions of approval, public comments, and all other testimony and evidence presented at the public hearing; and WHEREAS, the City Council has determined that it cannot make the required findings pursuant to the Design Review criteria specified in NMC §17.34.060, Conditional Use Permit findings specified in NMC §17.35.060, and Minor Use Permit findings specified in NMC §17.35.060 and NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii) as further explained in the findings of fact associated with this Resolution, as identified in “Exhibit A” attached to this Resolution.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Newark as follows:
Section 1. That the forgoing recitals are true and correct and made part of this Resolution.
Section 2. That the City Council cannot make the necessary findings and determinations required by the NMC to approve the requested Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for the Project, as further set forth in “Exhibit A” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
Section 3. Based on the findings and determinations, the City Council hereby overturns the Resolution No. 3 of 6
Planning Commission’s approval of the Project and denies DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001, a Design Review, Conditional Use Permit, and Minor Use Permit for a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements at 6756 – 6792 Central Avenue (APN 92A2165-14, -15, -16, and -17).
This Resolution was introduced at the City of Newark City Council’s July 24, 2025 regular meeting by Council Member _________________________, seconded by Council Member _________________________, and passed as follows:
Attachments
Exhibit A – Findings of Fact
Exhibit B – Project Narrative
Exhibit C – Project Plans
Exhibit D – CEQA Analysis
Resolution No. 4 of 6
Exhibit A
FINDINGS OF FACT
DR2022-010, U2024-001, and MUP2024-001
6756 – 6792 Central Avenue
Alameda County Assessor’s Parcel Number(s) 92A-2165-14, -15, -16, and -17 Design Review Criteria (Newark Municipal Code [NMC] §17.34.060) A. The overall design of the project including its scale, massing, site plan, exterior design, and landscaping will enhance the appearance and features of the project site and surrounding natural and built environment.
B. The project design is appropriate to the function of the project and will provide an attractive and comfortable environment for occupants, visitors, and the general community.
C. Project details, materials, signage and landscaping, are internally consistent, fully integrated with one another, and used in a manner that is visually consistent with the proposed architectural design.
D. The design of streetscapes, including street trees, lighting, and pedestrian furniture, is consistent with the intended character of the area.
E. Parking areas are designed and developed to buffer surrounding land uses; compliment pedestrian-oriented development; enhance the environmental quality of the site, including minimizing stormwater run-off and the heat-island effect; and achieve a safe, efficient, and harmonious development.
F. Lighting and lighting fixtures are designed to complement buildings, be of appropriate scale, provide adequate light over walkways and parking areas to create a sense of pedestrian safety, and avoid creating glare.
G. Landscaping is designed to be compatible with and enhance the architectural character and features of the buildings on site and help relate the building to the surrounding landscape.
Conditional Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
A. The proposed use is allowed within the applicable zoning district and complies with all other applicable provisions of this title [NMC Title 17] and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
B. The proposed use is consistent with the general plan and any applicable specific plan.
C. The proposed use will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community, nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
Resolution No. 5 of 6
D. Tax revenue generated by the development will exceed the City's cost of the service demand as a result of the development or a compelling community benefit will be provided.
E. The proposed use complies with any design or development standards applicable to the zoning district or the use in question unless waived or modified pursuant to the provisions of this title [NMC Title 17].
F. The design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the proposed activity are compatible with the existing and reasonably foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
G. The site is physically suitable for the type, density, and intensity of use being proposed, including access, utilities, and the absence of physical constraints.
Minor Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
A. The proposed use is allowed within the applicable zoning district and complies with all other applicable provisions of this title [NMC Title 17] and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
B. The proposed use is consistent with the general plan and any applicable specific plan.
C. The proposed use will not be adverse to the public health, safety, or general welfare of the community, nor detrimental to surrounding properties or improvements.
D. Tax revenue generated by the development will exceed the City's cost of the service demand as a result of the development or a compelling community benefit will be provided.
E. The proposed use complies with any design or development standards applicable to the zoning district or the use in question unless waived or modified pursuant to the provisions of this title [NMC Title 17].
F. The design, location, size, and operating characteristics of the proposed activity are compatible with the existing and reasonably foreseeable future land uses in the vicinity.
G. The site is physically suitable for the type, density, and intensity of use being proposed, including access, utilities, and the absence of physical constraints.
Minor Use Permit Findings for Additional Fence Height (NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii)) A. The additional fence height will not impair the provision of adequate light, air, circulation, and visual openness around adjacent residential structures.
B. The additional fence height will not detract from the overall appearance of the neighborhood.
Resolution No. 6 of 6
C. The additional fence height is not detrimental to the health, safety, and welfare of people living in the neighborhood.
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Categorical Exemption Findings July 24, 2025
City Council Meeting
Joseph Balatbat, Associate Planner
Prologis Industrial Building Project
(DR2022-010, U2024-001, & MUP2024-001)
1 Agenda
1. Summary of Events
2. Call for Review
3. Project Background and Overview
4. California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Exemption
5. Findings of Fact
6. Staff Recommendation
7. Questions
2 Summary of Events
• On June 24, 2025, the Planning Commission considered the Project and adopted Resolution No. 2022 with a vote of 5-0 to approve the Project, based upon the findings contained in the Resolution and subject to the conditions of approval. • Notice of Action describing the Planning Commission’s decision was sent out, which includes the members of the City Council. The Notice of Action included procedures for a Call for Review of the decision.
• Council Member Grindall requested a Call for Review of the Planning Commission’s decision to adopt the Resolution.
3 Call for Review
• Pursuant to NMC §17.31.100, a member of the City Council may submit a "Call for Review" of a decision of the Community Development Director, Zoning Administrator, or Planning Commission.
• Such call for review shall not require any statement of reasons and shall not represent opposition to or support of a decision, application, or appeal. • Procedure:
1. Design Review and Other Ministerial Actions. The call for review shall be scheduled as a staff report item at the next available meeting of the body which called for review.
2. Use Permits and Other Discretionary Actions. The call for review shall be processed in the same manner as an appeal by any other person. 4 Project Overview
PROJECT SITE
5 Requested Entitlements
Design Review (DR2022-010) for the construction of a new industrial building and associated on-site improvements.
Conditional Use Permit (U2024-001) to allow for an “indoor warehousing and storage” use and a “wholesaling and distribution” use.
Minor Use Permit (MUP2024-001) to allow for an additional height increase to the new prefinished vertical tube steel fencing to be 6 feet tall within the minimum required 10-foot front setback area.
6 Design Review - Site Plan
7 8
EAST ELEVATION 9
Conceptual Plan
10 Design Review – On-Site Improvements
11 Design Review - On-Site Improvements
12 Design Review – Employee Open Space
13 Design Review – Fences & Vehicle Gates
14 Minor Use Permit – Additional Fence Height
15 Easements
16 Conditional Use Permit –
“Indoor Warehousing and Storage” Use and “Wholesaling and Distribution” Use 17 Conditional Use Permit - Site Plan
18 Community Meetings
1
st Community Meeting
q Date: December 18, 2023
q Location: Silliman Community Activity Center
2
nd Community Meeting
q Date: January 21, 2025
q Location: Community Meeting Room in the Newark Library. 19 CEQA Exemption
• The Project is eligible for the following CEQA exemptions:
o Consistency with Program EIR. The City of Newark 2013 FEIR provides for streamlining and/or tiering provisions under CEQA Guidelines Section 15168. This CEQA Analysis demonstrates that the proposed Project would not result in substantial changes or involve new information that would warrant the preparation of a subsequent EIR. o Community Plan Exemption. Streamlined environmental review per Section 15183 of the CEQA Guidelines and California Public Resources Code Section 21083.3. The Project is consistent with the General Plan and will not result in significant environmental impacts that were not previously identified as significant project-level, cumulative or offsite effects in the 2013 FEIR.
20 Fiscal Impact
• Based on the new building square footage (≈ 315,390 SF). • Community Development Maintenance Fee: 0.5% of construction valuation 21 Impact Fees
Public Safety: $0.61/SF = $192,387.90
Community Service/Facilities: $0.45/SF = $141,925.50
Transportation: $5.93/SF = $1,870,262.70
Housing Impact: $0.83/SF = $261,773.70
Art in Public Places and Private Development: $0.21/SF
=
$66,231.90
Total $2,532,581.70
Findings of Fact
22 • The Project must meet all the:
Ø Design Review Criteria (NMC §17.34.060)
Ø Conditional Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060)
Ø Minor Use Permit Findings (NMC §17.35.060 and NMC §17.17.040(A)(1)(a)(ii)) • The inability to make one or more of the criteria and findings is grounds for denial. • On June 24th, the Planning Commission determined that the Project meets the criteria and findings for the entitlements, as outlined in Resolution 2022.
Staff Recommendation
• Staff recommends that the City Council consider one of the following actions:
1. Affirm the Planning Commission’s decision to adopt the Resolution without any modifications to project approvals;
2. Affirm the Planning Commission’s decision to adopt the Resolution with changes to the Project, the required findings of fact, and/or the conditions of approval; or
3. Reject the Planning Commission’s decision; thereby, denying the Project based on an inability to make the necessary findings for approval. 23 Staff Recommendation
If the City Council determines that the entitlement findings cannot be made and decides to overturn the decision of the Planning Commission:
• A statement shall be made specifically identifying the denial findings as outlined in Attachment 5.
24 Questions
Questions
25 Item F. 1.
DATE 07/24/2025
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Ed Miranda, Information Technology Director/CIO
SUBJECT Adopt a resolution to award a Broadband Public-Private Partnership contract to Smart Fiber Networks
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
This staff report summarizes the City of Newark’s strategic broadband efforts and outlines the rationale for selecting a Public-Private Partner (P3) to implement the Broadband Master Plan. The report recommends award of the P3 contract to Smart Fiber Networks based on proposal responsiveness, qualifications, pricing, and alignment with long-term City goals.
Staff recommends that the City Council consider adoption of a resolution awarding a Public-Private Partnership contract to Smart Fiber Networks for design and implementation of broadband infrastructure, including connection of City facilities and public access infrastructure.
BACKGROUND
Seed funding
In March 2021, the federal government passed the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), allocating $11.8 million to the City of Newark through the State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund (SLFRF). The City designated $1.2 million for broadband development:
$200,000: Citywide Broadband Master Plan
$1,000,000: Broadband infrastructure implementation
Resolution No. 11275 adopted by City Council on October 28, 2021, approved these priorities.
Additionally, on July 27, 2023, City Council adopted Resolution No. 11554, accepting $1,800,000 State grant funding for broadband improvements. This funding was secured through the lobbying efforts of City staff and Assemblymember Alex Lee with appropriations from Assembly Bill 179.
Broadband Master Plan
After broad community and focused business outreach efforts, a 10-year strategic Broadband Master Plan (Plan) was developed and adopted by City Council via Resolution No. 11680 on July 25, 2024. The Plan outlines a strategic framework to improve and expand internet access for all community sectors. Its purpose is to guide investments, partnerships, and policies that support digital equity, economic development, and Smart City initiatives. Smart City initiatives use technology and data-driven solutions like sensors and high-speed internet to improve quality of life.
Impacts include reducing traffic, saving energy, improving safety, and making it easier for people to access city services. The following goals, key findings, and key actions are included in the Plan.
Primary Goals:
Inclusivity – equitable broadband access citywide
Reliability – resilient, modern infrastructure
Affordability – low-cost service for all
Smart City Enablement – broadband backbone to support innovation Key Findings:
A city-owned network would reduce the City's telecom costs Strong foundation to attract Public-Private Partnership investment Current service reliability is inconsistent
Indoor cellular gaps in City facilities
Need for broadband-friendly policies (e.g., dig-once, joint trench, micro trench) Infrastructure must support future technologies
Key Actions:
1. Assign program lead and oversight team
2. Adopt broadband policies (e.g., dig-once, joint trench, micro trench) Pursue a Public-Private Partnership to develop and deliver broadband internet service
3. 4. Develop long-term funding strategies
5. Incrementally build city-owned infrastructure
Priority Projects:
The 10-year Plan includes many projects, some with multiple phases, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of equitable access to community-wide broadband. In consideration of the current available funding and in addition to policy development tasks, two priority projects were identified:
Expansion of Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a technology that lets devices like phones, laptops, and tablets connect to the internet wirelessly using radio waves instead of cables. While a long-term goal is to ensure community-wide access to reliable high-speed wi-fi, that is a multi-year process requiring an undetermined amount of funding in the millions of dollars. Staff recently applied for a federal grant that could outfit most of the City with fiber infrastructure to improve internet access, reliability, and affordability. Staff anticipate receiving results of the grant application in the fall.
Part of the goal of community-wide broadband includes offering free wi-fi to the public at City sites. Currently, free wi-fi is available while visiting David W. Smith City Hall, Newark Police Department, Clark W. Redeker Newark Senior Center, and the George M. Silliman Community Activity Center. With the available funding, expanding free public wi-fi to four major parks is planned for prioritization. This includes Newark Community Center Park, Birch Grove Park, Jerry Raber Ash Street Park, and Mel Nunes Sports Field Park.
Fully-connected City Infrastructure
To improve security and efficiency of the City's network, another identified priority project is to connect all City facilities using underground and aerial fiber routes. Benefits of this inter-connection include improved City operations, reduced City telecom expenses, a broadband fiber optic backbone to support innovation, and enhanced business attraction.
DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
To complete the identified priority projects, a public-private partnership (P3) was identified as the most cost-effective and efficient means of achieving the City's goals. A broadband P3 is a contractual agreement between a government entity and a private company to develop and deliver broadband internet service. It combines the resources and expertise of both sectors to improve internet access, particularly in underserved areas. By sharing risks, P3s can make large-scale broadband projects more feasible and attractive to private investors. P3s can streamline the process of building and deploying broadband networks compared to traditional government-led projects.
The Request for Proposals for a Broadband Public-Private Partnership was released April 28, 2025, and closed June 5, 2025. Six proposals were received:
Bonfire
California Broadband Alliance (unresponsive)
Circet USA (unresponsive)
Pivot-Tech Development (unresponsive)
Smart Fiber Networks
SmartWAVE Technologies LLC
Proposals were reviewed by a committee including City department representatives and the Information Technology Steering Committee. Top respondents were further interviewed.
Smart Fiber Networks scored highest overall and was identified as the most responsive, scalable, and investment-ready partner. Their model includes a physical fiber optic infrastructure available to other businesses and households (open-access infrastructure) with a 60/40 profit-sharing fee structure (Vendor/City), designed to lower prices through internet service provider competition and provide meaningful City revenue. In addition, Smart Fiber Networks was the lowest responsible bidder.
FISCAL IMPACT
The total cost of the proposed Broadband Public-Private Partnership contract with The total cost of the proposed Broadband Public-Private Partnership contract with Smart Fiber Networks is $3,281,559, which includes:
Phase 1: $1,868,039
Phase 2: $526,560
Phase 3: $600,859
Fiber Maintenance (5 years): $234,000
Wireless Maintenance (5 years): $22,800
Pole Attachment Fees: $29,300
The following funding sources have been secured, received, and earmarked for the Broadband Initiative:
$1,000,000 – American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) allocation, previously designated for broadband implementation and now available for re-appropriation from the Revenue Restoration Fund
$1,800,000 – Federal appropriation secured through Assemblymember Alex Lee (AB179 allocation)
$700,000 – Public, Educational, and Governmental (PEG) access funds available for capital broadband-related expenditures
Although all funding sources are fully received and available, City Council action is required to appropriate Broadband Master Plan funds, ARPA Revenue Restoration funds, State Grant AB179 funds, and Public, Educational, and Government (PEG) funds into Capital Improvement Project No. 1418 – Broadband Initiatives project as part of the Fiscal Year 2025-26 budget cycle.
The total available funding fully supports the project cost, and no General Fund appropriation is required.
REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Prepared by - Edwin J. Miranda, Information Technology Director Reviewed by - Lenka Hovorka, Assistant City Manager
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by - David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
Resolution - Broadband Public Private Partnership
Presentation - Broadband Public Private Partnership
Broadband Master Plan
RESOLUTION NO.
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
NEWARK AUTHORIZING THE AWARD OF A BROADBAND
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP CONTRACT TO SMART
FIBER NETWORKS AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS TO
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT NO. 1404
WHEREAS, on March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) was signed into law, allocating $11.8 million in federal relief funds to the City of Newark through the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund; and
WHEREAS, by Resolution No. 11275 adopted on October 28, 2021, the City Council approved the allocation of $200,000 for the development of a Citywide Broadband Master Plan and $1,000,000 for partial implementation of broadband infrastructure; and WHEREAS, the remaining $1,000,000 previously allocated for broadband infrastructure under Resolution No. 11275 was subsequently transferred to the City’s Revenue Restoration Fund and is now available for re-appropriation to Capital Improvement Project No. 1404 – Broadband Initiatives; and
WHEREAS, an additional $1,800,000 was secured through the lobbying efforts of City Staff and Assemblymember Lee with appropriations from Assembly Bill 179 and accepted by City Council on July 27, 2023 via Resolution No. 11554; and
WHEREAS, the City Council adopted the Citywide Broadband Master Plan via Resolution No. 11680 on July 25, 2024, which outlines a ten-year strategy for achieving citywide high-speed broadband connectivity, supporting Smart City goals, and enabling equitable access to broadband for all Newark residents and businesses; and
WHEREAS, the City issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) on April 28, 2025, to identify a qualified Public-Private Partner to implement key elements of the Broadband Master Plan, including construction of a fiber-optic backbone and the provision of open-access broadband services; and
WHEREAS, after thorough evaluation of six submitted proposals, including interviews conducted by the City’s broadband consultant GTG, Smart Fiber Networks was determined to be the most responsive and qualified proposer, offering a comprehensive and scalable broadband infrastructure solution aligned with the City’s vision; and WHEREAS, Smart Fiber Networks' proposal includes a total cost of $3,281,559 across three project phases and five years of operations and maintenance, with a 60/40 (Vendor/City) profit-sharing model that supports open-access and competitive ISP engagement; and WHEREAS, funding for the project has been fully secured, received, and earmarked from the following sources:
$1,000,000 from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), available via the City’s Revenue Restoration Fund
$1,800,000 from Assembly Bill 179 appropriations secured by Assemblymember Alex Lee $700,000 from previously collected Public, Educational, and Governmental (PEG) access funds designated for eligible capital broadband infrastructure; and WHEREAS, appropriation of these funds into the Fiscal Year 2025–26 Biennial Budget is necessary to proceed with contract execution and construction activities under Capital Improvement Project No. 1404 – Broadband Initiatives.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Newark as follows:
1. The City Council hereby awards a Broadband Public-Private Partnership contract to Smart Fiber Networks in an amount not to exceed $3,281,559 and authorizes the City Manager to execute the contract and any associated documents necessary to implement the project.
2. The City Council hereby authorizes an amendment to the Fiscal Year 2025–26 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan to appropriate a total of $3,500,000 to Capital Improvement Project No. 1404 – Broadband Initiatives, including $1,800,000 from the AB179 Federal Appropriation (Fund 492), $1,000,000 from the ARPA Revenue Restoration Fund (Fund 110), and $700,000 from the PEG funds (Fund 611), as follows:
TO: 610.90.094.940.6221.CIP1404 Broadband Initiatives $170,000 FR: 610.90.094.940.6221.CIP1418 Broadband Master Plan $170,000 TO: 610.90.094.940.6221.CIP1404 Broadband Initiatives $1,630,000 FR: 492.00.000.000.9999 State Grants AB179 - Broadband $1,630,000 TO: 610.90.094.940.6221.CIP1404 Broadband Initiatives $1,000,000 FR: 110.00.000.000.9999 ARPA Revenue Restoration Funds $1,000,000 TO: 610.90.094.940.6221.CIP1404 Broadband Initiatives $700,000 FR: 611.00.000.000.9999 Public, Educational, and
Governmental (PEG) Funds
$700,000
Broadband
Public-Private Partnership
July 24, 2025
City Council Meeting
Ed Miranda, Information Technology Director
It is our mission to serve and partner with our community to continually enhance the quality of life of everyone in Newark. 1 Broadband Public-Private Partnership
2 Background: Broadband Master Plan Development
• Funding secured through American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) • Community outreach: March - August 2023
• Plan adopted: July 2024
• Strategic framework to improve and expand
internet access for all community sectors
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
3 Background: Goals
• Inclusivity
• Reliability
• Affordability
• Smart City enablement
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
4 Background: Key Findings
• City-owned fiber network = telecom cost savings
• Broadband policy needs: dig-once, joint trench,
and micro trench policies
• Spotty cellular coverage in City facilities
• Inconsistent service reliability
• Infrastructure for future technologies
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
5 Background: Priority Projects
• Fiber to City facilities via aerial and
underground routes
• Free Public Wi-Fi:
• Newark Community Center Park
• Birch Grove Park
• Jerry Raber Ash Street Park
• Mel Nunes Park
• Foundation for fiber backbone and
broadband investment
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
6 RFP Process
Issued: April 28, 2025 | Closed: June 5, 2025
6 proposals received | 3 responsive:
• Smart Fiber Networks
• SmartWAVE Technologies
• Bonfire
Evaluated by review committee and Information Technology Steering Committee
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
7 Recommended Partner: Smart Fiber Networks
• Lowest Responsible Bidder
• Top-ranked proposer with scalable model
• Open-access platform with 60/40
revenue share (Vendor/City)
• Local Experience
• Prequalified for Broadband, Equity,
Access & Deployment (BEAD) funding
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
8 Project Cost & Fiscal Plan
Total Proposal Cost: $3,281,559
Available Funds:
$1M American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA)
$1.8M Assembly Bill 179
$700K Public, Educational, and Governmental Access (PEG) Broadband Public-Private Partnership
9 Staff Recommendation
• Adopt a resolution to authorize the award
of a Broadband Public-Private Partnership
contract to Smart Fiber Networks and
appropriate additional funds to Capital
Improvement Project no. 1418
Broadband Public-Private Partnership
10 Thank you!
Broadband Master Plan
and Smart City Report
for
37101 Newark Blvd.
Newark, CA 94560
From
2930 Geer Rd
Suite 273
Turlock, CA 95382
(209) 678-3077
[email protected]
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 2 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 4 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology............................................................................................................................................ 6 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Asset Assessment ........................................................................................................... 8 Planned Assets ....................................................................................................................................... 9 City-Owned Broadband Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 9 Technology Trends .............................................................................................................................. 9 Market Analysis............................................................................................................. 15 Key Findings ..........................................................................................................................................16 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................27 Service Availability....................................................................................................... 28 Address Assessment.........................................................................................................................28 Goals and Needs ............................................................................................................ 33 Broadband Survey...............................................................................................................................33 Speed Test Results.............................................................................................................................38 Comments from Business Respondents................................................................................39 Comments from Residents............................................................................................................41 Community Outreach Meetings..................................................................................................45 Policies ............................................................................................................................. 45 Gaps .................................................................................................................................. 46 Conceptual Design ........................................................................................................ 48 Tradeoffs .................................................................................................................................................50 Phasing......................................................................................................................................................51 HLD Footages, WiFi and Budget..................................................................................................54 Business Model and Funding...................................................................................... 56 Business Models ..................................................................................................................................57 Grants and Other Funding Sources ..........................................................................................60 Recommendations......................................................................................................... 61 Next Steps........................................................................................................................ 64 Connected Communities ................................................................................................................67 Case Study Examples.................................................................................................... 68 City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 3 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Newark Strategic Horizon Chart................................................................................ 73 Top Areas of Opportunity .............................................................................................................73 Other Smart City/Connected Communities Recommendations ..............................74 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 76 City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 4 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Executive Summary
Broadband is a 21st century challenge, ranked as one of the most important technology investments to make worldwide. It is key for economic development purposes, competitiveness, job creation and a new foundation for more prosperous communities. In Newark’s case, there is a desire to improve reliability and speeds in the community, including wireless and 5G technologies. Broadband increases the opportunities to achieve these goals.
Access to the internet is a critical part of everyday life for most of the world.
The internet, known as a network of networks, allows individuals to connect to each other, no matter where you live or do business in the world. Broadband is the way we connect to the internet, using diverse types of technology such as copper wireline, fiber optics, cellular, wireless, coax or even satellite.
Although there are different technologies, the terms broadband and internet can be interchangeable terms that refer to ability to access the “Net” or internet. “High-speed” broadband is the term for devices to connect to the internet via wireless, fiber optics, hybrid fiber coax or DSL technologies. The Federal Communications Commission has defined broadband as internet speeds of at least 25 megabits per second (Mbps) download and 3 Mbps upload.
California has set a higher standard of 100Mbps down and 20 Mbps up.
The internet of things (IoT) refers to a collective network of devices that can communicate with each other, the cloud and other
networks. IoT integrates everyday “things” such as
refrigerators, TVs, cars, phones and a myriad of
devices and implants to continuously monitor and
report their status with minimal or no human
interaction needed. The IoT relies on broadband, in all its many forms, to connect to the internet.
Technology advancements are creating an online
reality that cannot be ignored, and any city that does not embrace this new reality will be left behind. Distance learning, telehealth and remote work are requirements for residents to be able to function in this new online environment. Until recently, broadband was viewed as a luxury provided by the private sector, with cities held captive by the whims of these companies.
Figure 1 - Internet of Things
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The City of Newark is no different. Partnering with Government Technology Group LLC (GTG), a Broadband Master Plan and Smart City Study was performed to assess broadband and Smart City opportunities in the city.
The City recognized their community’s desire for high-speed, affordable broadband services. Government Technology Group (GTG) performed the assessment of the broadband and Smart City needs of the city, exploring opportunities for improving and expanding high speed broadband communications for all community members in their jurisdiction, while taking advantage of broadband communications to support innovative Smart City solutions.
The assessment included a survey of the community, workshops with residents, stakeholders and businesses and discussions with City staff to obtain a holistic view of their needs.
The outreach performed by GTG shows that the city is well served by broadband internet, but there is a need to expand fiber to other areas of the city to support municipal services and build infrastructure that could be used to improve competition between broadband providers in the city, if determined as a need in the future. Broadband expansion could also be beneficial in improving wireless connectivity in the city for public safety, public works and for the public with expanded 5G services.
For Newark to be successful in moving forward with the recommendations of the Broadband Master Plan the following top six recommendations should occur:
1) Defining roles and responsibilities, assigning a point person to lead broadband efforts, and continual oversight on program initiatives and progress.
2) Establish a staff committee for oversight and accountability for program initiatives and progress.
3) Newark should consider a public private partnership for a partner that can engineer and construct the High-Level Design as well as attract an ISP to provide Internet services to the community. The provider should also have the ability to add public/private WiFi to areas identified by the City. 4) Create policies and procedures relative to broadband development including a dig once policy and development agreement standards. 5) Finally, developing funding mechanisms or financing strategies that help pay for broadband programs (i.e. Technology Fund, PEG fees, Enterprise Funding, Utility User Tax) will be critical for the initial and ongoing success of broadband development.
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6) Incrementally build city-owned broadband infrastructure with a P3 if this model is selected.
This report provides recommendations for the organization as a strategic roadmap that focuses on using time and resources efficiently.
Introduction
Methodology
The methodology GTG used for this plan consists of proven steps, encompassing the vital information needed to establish a Broadband/Smart City plan and the steps to accomplish said plan.
Figure 2- Methodology
Asset Assessment is investigating and analyzing what assets—street and traffic lights, towers, existing conduit or fiber, for example —exist in the city that can be leveraged for the expansion of broadband. GTG looks at city-owned assets as well as privately owned assets.
Market Assessment includes researching the area and discovering what services are available, in what areas they are available and at what price.
Needs Assessment is required to understand what the city needs to support economic development, as well as community needs related to broadband and Smart City innovation.
DISCOVERY PHASE
Asset Assessment
Market Assessment
Needs Assessment
VISION PHASE
High-Level Design
Recommendations
FINAL REPORT
Next Steps
Final Report
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High-Level Design provides a road map for the expansion of broadband through construction. Although it is not always recommended that municipalities build a network to serve the community, a high-level design is necessary to understand what it would take to build a network, providing the city an opportunity to incrementally build and take advantage of Dig Once policies, developer agreements and capital projects.
Recommendations comprise the totality of the report, with an outline of the direction the city should follow to support the needs of the community.
Next Steps apply actions to the recommendations to accomplish the tasks required for implementation of the broadband and Smart City plan.
Final Report and Presentation including all the elements outlined above in a final document and presentation to staff, city council and the public, if desired.
Key Findings
• Expanding broadband to city facilities will reduce telecommunication costs for the city, while providing a foundation for improved services, such as attracting a private sector partner to expand low-cost, high-speed internet within the city.
• Most community members have access to high-speed broadband, but the existing infrastructure is not future proof i.e. fiber. Some providers are using a hybrid fiber coax solution while others continue to use dated copper lines.
• Internet Service Provider broadband infrastructure is dated impacting reliability.
• Cellular coverage within city facilities is lacking or spotty. This could be due to saturation of coverage or something blocking the signal i.e., trees and buildings.
• There is a desire for Wi-Fi for business, inclusivity, old town area, restaurant row, the Senior Center, community center and parks. • Newark is interested in developing broadband in a way that offers a competitive advantage for its community.
• The City lacks a Dig Once policy and Developer Agreement standards for expanding broadband infrastructure at a reduced cost to the city. • Broadband access and affordability are issues for lower-income residents.
All businesses—particularly large, technology-focused businesses—need reliable, modern broadband infrastructure.
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• Newark works closely with property owners and developers to streamline the development and building permit review and inspection processes.
The City should continue enhancing these processes as needed. • The City issued an RFP to reduce telephone and Internet costs to select facilities. The City’s broadband plan should be considered during the evaluation process to assist in reducing costs while improving speeds and reliability.
• The City has a security framework in place, a foundational piece to support Smart City/Connected Community programs.
• The City has multiple opportunities to implement Smart City solutions, taking advantage of broadband infrastructure planned for implementation.
• The City is in the process of updating its streetlights. The new streetlights are Smart City/Connected Community ready i.e., they can be used to expand Wi-Fi when funding becomes available.
• The City has Smart City/Connected Community projects and services in place, i.e., eNotifications, TextMyGov.
• There is a desire to improve cellular coverage at the Mall and Costco. The City can help provide Wi-Fi outside the buildings, but private businesses need to work with cellular providers to improve service inside the buildings.
Asset Assessment
Assets are everything owned by a city that has inherent value. This includes physical items, as well as the non-physical, such as space and intellectual property. Asset inventory is one of the first steps in the planning process and is required to find a starting point for infrastructure expansion. For this study, GTG focused on assets that are or can be utilized for broadband. Some assets evaluated include:
• Network equipment
• Fiber optic cables
• In ground conduits
• Wireless towers and antennas
• Agreements with assets attached
• Office space, rack space
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Planned Assets
Planned assets and capital improvement projects are necessary to track and are included in the network designing process because they can add a great deal of infrastructure at a reduced cost. These projects can also speed up deployment by taking advantage of opportunities that can be used later when needed. Some of the opportunities can be agreements with other agencies, counites, rail lines, internet service providers (ISPs) and more.
Newark has a few planned projects that fall into these categories:
• Bayside Transit Oriented Development – Future major Bay Area regional rail and bus transit center, which includes a large transit oriented residential development, located in the southwest portion of the city near the intersection of Enterprise Dr. and Willow Street.
• Traffic Signal Interconnect – Three separate projects running along Cherry St, Thronton Ave, and Newark Blvd provide transportation flow and control improvements.
• Old Town Project Development Area Streetscape Improvements – Major project to enhance the downtown core of Newark.
Each of these projects offer Newark improved opportunities to add fiber, conduit, and access points as they are developed. Additionally, these projects could help Newark expand its reach of fiber throughout the community, providing opportunities for residents, businesses, schools, and other government facilities to gain access to high-speed broadband infrastructure.
City-Owned Broadband Infrastructure
The City owns limited broadband infrastructure. To provide improved services for the community and the potential for enhanced internet services for community, the city should take advantage of Dig Once policies and regional efforts to build out the high-level design provided in this report.
Technology Trends
Overall, activities, processes and resources are being digitized. On one level, this is simply a function of the increasing capacity and speed of digital technologies. On another level, these trends are driven by a larger mega-trend City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 10 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
towards demand-driven, pull-based systems, including agile development and lean production.
Pull-based systems produce just-in-time results, like getting a coffee at a cafe; it is not made until you order it. Tying this to agile and lean production, you ensure information is visible and accessible as needed, improving decision making and collaboration, resulting in improved, cost-effective services. Much of the rationale for digitization has centered on cost avoidance or reduction, whereas the larger trend is primarily focused on increasing customer value and revenue in an efficient manner. These trends are interacting with larger socioeconomic factors, particularly the aging population, a shrinking workforce, and climate change. While beyond the scope of this study, this report provides a solid foundation for effectively addressing the trends noted below.
A specific trend directly impacting local governments is the emergence of a Connected Community (Smart City), which can be defined as “a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital solutions for the benefit of its inhabitants and business.”0F 1 While
Connected Community activities have often been very technology-centric rather than citizen-centric, the general purpose is to improve and integrate public processes. Generally, Connected Communities focus on energy, environment, and public-facing activities, but major internal changes, typically referred to as digital transformation, are necessary for external improvements. “Digital transformation is the integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how businesses, including local governments, operate and deliver value to customers.”1F 2 This has important
implications for municipalities, not the least of which relate to residents and other external stakeholders. For Newark, digital transformation means residents are likely working remotely or running businesses from their homes.
Of course, this also implies major changes for the city itself. Specifically, citizen/customer-facing systems might be deployed and/or upgraded so the City’s operations can be done completely online. This also means the City should be providing some form of connectivity, such as electronic kiosks and 1 https://commission.europa.eu/eu-regional-and-urban-development/topics/cities-and-urbandevelopment/city-initiatives/smart-cities_en 2 https://enterprisersproject.com/what-is-digital-transformation City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 11 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
public Wi-Fi, for convenience and for those who do not have access to affordable or reliable internet at home or at their business.
Three related trends are the rise of cloud services, integration of information technologies (IT) with operational technologies (OT), and, most significant for current purposes, emergence of broadband as a utility.
Cloud services include a wide range of applications, data collection, processing and storage and network functions provided via numerous, distributed computing resources. The two major implications for municipalities are (a) reduced need to operate servers but (b) increased costs for and reliance on online services along with (c) new applications—mostly web-based—that were impractical or unavailable in the past.
A general class of cloud-based applications and related technologies focuses on adding intelligence to assets and machines of various sorts, allowing them to be integrated with information technologies (or vice-versa).
Operational technologies (OT) are “programmable systems or devices that interact with the physical environment [to] detect or cause a direct change through the monitoring and/or control of devices, processes and events.”2F 3 For
municipalities, OT includes everything from garbage trucks to traffic signals.
Increasingly, OT is being added to “dumb” assets such as manholes, SCADA systems, traffic, parking meters and streetlights. Integration with IT enables cost reduction and performance improvement.
Broadband is technically any channelized communications media, but it has come to mean always-on, high-speed internet access. Broadband is important for people, as it allows them to access media content, connect with friends and pursue their interests. As businesses and government undergo digital transformation, broadband is increasingly important in everyday life. Access to education, jobs and healthcare effectively require broadband. On the other side of this trend, businesses and municipalities that do not have and use broadband are at a huge competitive disadvantage. While it may seem a bit pedantic to include broadband as a trend in a report for a broadband study, it is important to understand that broadband isn’t an end, but rather a means to improved outcomes that enables other trends.
3 https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/operational_technology City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 12 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Beneath all these trends runs a more fundamental observation: The critical and growing need for robust cybersecurity. Internet access can provide a way for malicious hackers to steal data from or take over municipal systems. As the amount of OT increases, so do the digital vulnerabilities that allow hackers to control them, operate software bots and attack other systems. Cybersecurity is as much about practices and procedures as well as technologies. For example, “deep fake” technology and spoofing—imitating or taking over accounts—are being used to get critical information or direct payments. People need to be educated about how to recognize possible scams and “social hacks” and avoid them.
Fiber optics has become the gold standard for broadband deployment. There is no broadband deployment medium that can compare to the speeds, symmetrical bandwidth or low latency that fiber optics provide. Wireless, cellular or hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) cannot compare to the speeds or reliability of fiber optics. Japan’s National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) set a new speed record over a single strand of fiber at 1.02 petabits per second.3F
4 Figure 3 - Download Times Comparison
Library of Congress - Estimated 240 Terabytes (240,000,000 Megabytes) Seconds Minutes Hours Days Months
25 Mbps DSL 9,600,000 160,000 2,667 111 3.7
50 Mbps Cable 4,800,000 80,000 1,333 56 1.9
100 Mbps Cable/Fiber 2,400,000 40,000 667 28
4 https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/japans-nict-sets-new-data-transmission-speedrecord#:~:text=Japanese%20researchers%20have%20set%20a,(32%20miles).
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500 Mbps Cable/Fiber 480,000 8,000 134 6
1 Gbps Cable/Fiber 240,000 4,000 67 3
10 Gbps Fiber 24,000 400 7
1.02 Petabits Fiber 0.227
Figure 4 - Library of Congress Download Comparison
Fiber optic networks are essential for backhaul of all networks to connect to the internet, including cellular networks. Fiber optic cables are flexible strands of glass that trap the light inside a core only 8-10 microns wide inside of a strand that is 125 microns wide. Trapping and controlling the light allows fiber to avoid the many issues that arise from wireless and copper networks, such as obstacles in a wireless environment and the slow speeds of analogue or digital signals over copper.
Wireless technologies are advancing in ways never imagined. There are two basic trains of thought on broadband: fixed wireline and wireless. The two rarely come together, and proponents of each technology overplay their own importance, thinking that either wireless or wireline is the only way to go. In more urban areas, the reality is wireless last-mile deployment is the future.
Last mile refers to the connection from the street to the resident. This is commonly referred to as fiber-to-the-neighborhood. Fiber optics networks are essential for back-haul, connecting each neighborhood to the internet. However, the cost savings realized by a wireless last mile cannot be overlooked, especially with the current wireless technologies available. Terragraph is a wireless company that uses different technologies and deployment strategies to overcome the inherent issues with the typical wireless deployments. Tarana Wireless is one such company that is reshaping the future of wireless deployments, making it faster, easier, and more cost-effective to deploy highspeed broadband. Companies such as Mimosa, Ubiquity, and others are all creating better, stronger, more resilient equipment with higher bandwidth.
Wireless technology is a way that municipalities and private companies quickly deploy more cost-effective networks.
Satellite is another budding technology that is currently experiencing growing pains. Satellite uses light to relay information from the end user to a satellite orbiting the earth at either low level, 250-350 miles above the earth, or as far out as 26,000 miles. Although the signal is travelling at the speed of light, going that far into space, being bounced off a satellite and returning to earth creates exceedingly high latency, the time it takes for data to reach the other end.
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Satellite signals are shared, which requires a lot of satellites to be in orbit with many base stations on earth, connected to fiber optic networks providing the end users a connection to the internet.
Starlink wants approval for 30,000 low orbit satellites to be deployed for the satellite network to improve functionality. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in December 2022 granted approval for 7,500 satellites to be deployed. However, Starlink was recently denied Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) subsidies of nearly $885 million because the satellite provider failed to provide the speeds promised at a high cost per dish required at residents’ homes. Satellite technology holds possibilities as a broadband provider to the more rural areas of the USA that have no other options. “Starlink’s technology has real promise,” Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chair Jessica Rosenworcel explains. “But the question before us was whether to publicly subsidize it’s still developing technology for consumer broadband — which requires that users purchase a $600 dish — with nearly $900 million in universal service funds until 2032.”
Artificial Intelligence is a trend that is talked about across every aspect of business and industry. However, Newark should be extremely cautious, as this is an emerging technology that has significant risk associated with putting it in practice.
Newark should consider the following cautionary points as it relates to artificial intelligence, depending on where and how it is planned to be used:
• Bias. AI systems are trained on data, and if that data is biased, the AI system will be biased as well. This can lead to discrimination against certain groups of people. Newark should take steps to ensure that the AI systems used are trained on unbiased data.
• Privacy and security. AI systems collect and store a lot of data, and this data could be misused or hacked. Newark, as well as all cities, should take steps to protect the privacy and security of the data that is collected and stored by AI systems.
• Transparency and accountability. It can be difficult to understand how AI systems make decisions. This can make it difficult to hold AI systems accountable for their decisions.
To help mitigate some of these risks Newark should consider the following:
• Develop ethics guidelines for the use of AI. These guidelines should address issues such as bias, privacy, security, transparency, and accountability.
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• Invest in AI research and development. This research should focus on using AI systems that are more fair, transparent, and accountable. • Partner with the private sector and academia to develop and implement AI solutions. This will help to ensure that Newark is able to access the latest AI technologies and best practices.
While AI could be a powerful tool, it's important to be aware of the maturity and risk associated with it.
Market Analysis
The Market Assessment section of the study serves the purpose of evaluating broadband availability to determine whether it aligns with the requirements of the local market. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the local broadband landscape in Newark, we conducted an analysis of current services and associated pricing within the city. For effective broadband planning, it is imperative to understand the offerings and costs of technology providers.
Various factors contribute to disparities in broadband access and adoption in different areas. The primary cause of such discrepancies is geographical access to broadband, where certain locations lack providers offering broadband services in proximity. Additionally, the affordability of services plays a pivotal role, as the cost may be prohibitive for some potential subscribers.
Broadband access and adoption are shaped by many factors, encompassing availability, pricing, service quality and the extent to which it caters to a community's needs. In the realm of broadband and telecommunications, service quality primarily revolves around the speed and reliability of the services provided. Broadband is increasingly viewed by many municipalities as a modern utility, given its integral role in our daily lives. Consequently, the focus is predominantly on high-speed, dependable broadband, with customer service becoming a significant consideration only in competitive market environments.
GTG focused on the following questions when conducting the market assessment:
1. What is the current coverage of the local providers?
2. What technologies are offered: fiber-to-the-home, HFC (hybrid fiber-coaxial), DSL, 5G or Satellite?
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3. What are the pricing tiers for each provider?
4. What is the competitive nature of broadband in Newark? GTG conducted a comprehensive analysis of the broadband landscape within the City of Newark, with the aim of assessing the available broadband options for residents, businesses, the city itself and other entities. This analysis delves into several key aspects, including the internet speeds offered, the associated pricing, the providers of these services, the level of competition within the local market and an evaluation of the existing and planned broadband infrastructure.
Key Findings
• The City of Newark is served by local providers. According to network maps shared by the local providers, the community has access to highspeed broadband. • The largest provider in the area is Comcast/Xfinity and is the only provider that covers around 98% of the city. Providers are outlined next in this section.
• According to the FCC Broadband map, approximately 32% of the residents have access to a FTTH provider, offering up to 1000 Mbps symmetrical download and upload speeds.
FCC Broadband Maps
The FCC Broadband Maps, officially known as the Federal Communications Commission Broadband Data Collection, are a crucial initiative in the United States, designed to improve the accuracy and transparency of broadband coverage data. These maps are instrumental in ensuring that every American has access to reliable, high-speed internet services, playing a pivotal role in shaping broadband policy, investment, and infrastructure development across the country.
Data Collection: The FCC Broadband Maps involves the collection of data from internet service providers (ISPs) to create an up-to-date and detailed representation of broadband coverage nationwide. ISPs are required to report information on the availability of their services, including maximum advertised speeds, technology used (e.g., DSL, cable, fiber) and geographic coverage.
Mapping Accuracy: One of the primary objectives of these maps is to provide an accurate depiction of where broadband services are available and where they City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 17 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
are not. This information is vital for identifying underserved and unserved areas that may lack adequate internet access.
Transparency: The FCC Broadband Maps aim to enhance transparency and accountability in the broadband industry. By making coverage data publicly available, consumers can make more informed choices about their internet service providers and advocate for better connectivity.
Policy Development: The FCC Broadband Maps play a crucial role in informing broadband policy development at federal, state, and local levels. Policymakers use this data to allocate resources, design subsidy programs and prioritize areas in need of improved broadband infrastructure.
Challenges and Controversies: The accuracy of these maps has been a subject of debate. Critics argue that they may overstate the availability of broadband in certain areas, leading to inadequate funding allocation. There are also concerns about the reliability of ISP-reported data and the need for more independent verification.
Ongoing Improvements: The FCC has been actively working to enhance the quality and reliability of its broadband maps. These improvements include better data collection techniques and increased granularity in mapping, enabling a more precise understanding of coverage in smaller geographic areas.
Impact on Rural and Underserved Communities: Accurate broadband mapping is particularly crucial for rural and underserved communities. It helps direct resources to areas that are most in need, bridging the digital divide and ensuring that all Americans have access to essential online services and opportunities.
In summary, the FCC Broadband Maps are a fundamental tool for shaping the future of internet connectivity in the United States. They enable better-informed decision-making, transparency, and the equitable distribution of broadband resources to ensure that everyone can participate in the digital age. Continued efforts to refine and enhance these maps are essential to address the evolving needs of our increasingly connected society.
FCC Maps can be found at: https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/location-summary.
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Figure 5: FCC Broadband Maps, Newark, CA
Providers in Newark
According to the FCC broadband map5
, there are six available providers in
Newark: Comcast Corporation, AT&T, Hughes Network Systems LLC, Space Exploration Holdings LLC, T-Mobile USA Inc and ViaSat Ince.
Comcast Corporation is a global media and technology company with two primary businesses: Comcast Cable and NBCUniversal. Comcast Cable is one of the United States' largest video, high-speed Internet and phone providers to residential customers under the XFINITY brand and provides these services to businesses. Comcast is the predominant provider in Newark, serving 63.7% of the city’s residents, according to this survey. Current offerings in Newark can be found in the chart below6.
Provider Technology Speed/ Mbps $/Month Data limit
Comcast/Xfinity HFC 75 $51.00 No
Comcast/Xfinity HFC 200 $35.00 No
Comcast/Xfinity HFC 400 $50.00 No
Comcast/Xfinity HFC 800 $60.00 No
Comcast/Xfinity HFC 1000 $60.00 No
Comcast/Xfinity HFC 1200 $80.00 No
AT&T, recognized as the world's largest telecommunications company, holds the second-largest position in the mobile phone services industry. Notably, in recent years, this multinational conglomerate ventured significantly into the media and entertainment sectors, particularly through its acquisition of Warner Media in 2018. However, a shift in strategy emerged in February 2021, when AT&T announced its intention to spin off DirecTV, six years after acquiring this satellite TV business. Subsequently, in May of the same year, plans were unveiled to spin off Warner Media and merge it with Discovery. 5 https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/location-summary/
6 https://www.xfinity.com/digital/offers/plan-builder
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Under the leadership of CEO John Stankey, AT&T seeks to refocus its efforts on expanding its 5G wireless connectivity capabilities. In pursuit of this objective, the company is currently engaged in a highly competitive, multibillion-dollar battle against rivals such as T-Mobile and Verizon. This battle revolves around achieving the fastest speeds and the most extensive 5G network coverage.
Provider Technology Speed/ Mbps $/Month Data limit
ATT Fiber 300 $55.00 No
ATT Fiber 1000 $65.00 No
ATT Fiber 1000 $80.00 No
T-Mobile offers 5G home internet for just $50 a month with AutoPay, up to 50% savings against the industry benchmark, or $30 per month for families with Magenta MAX, T-Mobile’s most popular phone plan. It’s a flat rate, with no added taxes or fees, equipment costs, annual contracts, or price hikes.
Availability for this service requires upgrading or constructing 5G antennas.
This does not happen on a city-wide basis, but rather an incremental build over time. Coverage in Newark is limited and there is minimal subscribership.
Provider Technology Speed/ Mbps $/Month Data limit
T-Mobile - Home Internet 5G max 235 $ 55.00 No
Satellite providers available in the city include ViaSat, HughesNet and Starlink.
Satellite companies utilize wireless signals transmitted from a base station/ground unit, bouncing these signals off an array of satellites orbiting the Earth at an average distance of 26,000 miles. Even at the speed of light, a 52,000-mile round trip introduces a significant amount of latency. Latency refers to the time it takes for data to travel from one point on a network to another.
Starlink has begun deploying satellites in a low earth orbit, approximately 350 miles above Earth's surface. Users of these lower orbit satellites experience significantly lower latency, better speeds and overall performance. However, Starlink's proposal to add an additional 9,000 low orbit satellites has been denied for several reasons. Foremost among these is a lack of understanding City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 21 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
about how objects in low Earth orbit behave over time and what might happen when they eventually re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
Another reason for the denial is the concern about space pollution. Allowing too many objects into orbit could limit our ability to observe space from the Earth's surface and pose potential risks to existing satellites and space missions.
Provider Technology Speed/ Mbps $/Month Data limit
ViaSat Satellite 12 $ 69.99 40 GB
Satellite 25 $ 99.99 60 GB
Satellite 30 $ 149.99 100 GB
Satellite 30 $ 199.99 150 GB
Satellite 30 $ 299.99 300 GB
Hughes Net Satellite 25 $ 74.99 50 GB
Starlink Satellite 25 $ 110.00 1 TB
4G Coverage and 5G Coverage
According to the FCC Broadband Map7 shown below, 3G has been upgraded and is no longer being used or deployed by any courier, with 100% of Newark having access to 4G, 5G and 5G NR. Newark area providers include Verizon, T-Mobile (Metro PCS and Sprint), US Cellular and AT&T. In every city, there are small pockets that are not covered by cellular signals, which are not reported or shown on maps. It is nearly impossible to ascertain this information without metering these signals through mobile mapping efforts. Mobile mapping uses software and antennas, which test and record the signal strength throughout the city and is used to identify pockets that need to be bolstered with more cellular towers. Newark residents report suffering from many pockets of bad 7 https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/areasummary/mobile?version=jun2023&geoid=0650916&type=place&zoom=11.95&vlon=- 122.109695&vlat=37.521020&tech=tech4g&env=0
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cellular coverage that have not been identified by mobile mapping, something that should be accomplished by the cellular providers.
Figure 5 - FCC Broadband 3G, 4G, 5G, and 5G NR (New Radio) Figure 7 – Verizon Coverage Map
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Figure 8 - Verizon coverage map showing availability of 5G Home Internet and 4G LTE
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Figure 9 - ATT Coverage Map showing availability of 5G+, 5G and 4G LTE according to AT&T’s website
Privately Owned Fiber Optic Cables
In Newark, there are several providers with both metro and long-haul fiber assets, as illustrated in the maps below. The first image (Figure 10), which displays the local metro networks, prominently features assets owned by Crown Castle and CenturyLink (formerly Level 3 fiber). These networks are instrumental in providing high-speed, reliable connectivity within the city.
The second image (Figure 11) showcases the long-haul fiber routes that traverse Newark, and it includes infrastructure owned by Level 3, CenturyLink and Electric Lightwave. These routes follow many of the city's major corridors, serving as the backbone for data transmission over longer distances.
These extensive fiber networks, both metro and long-haul, are essential for supporting the growing demand for data and communication services in Newark. They not only enable businesses, residents and other entities to access high-speed internet, but also play a pivotal role in connecting the city to the broader region and the global digital infrastructure. As Newark continues to develop and expand its technological capabilities, these fiber assets will be crucial in facilitating economic growth, innovation, and improved connectivity for all.
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Figure 10 – Assets owned by Crown Castle and CenturyLink Figure 11 - Newark long-haul fiber routes and infrastructure owned by Level 3, CenturyLink and Electric Lightwave.
Data Centers
Connectivity in any urban area, community or region is predominantly defined by its access to the internet, with the critical factors being internet speeds and available bandwidth. One often underestimated component of a fiber optic network is its links to data centers. These data centers serve as hubs where numerous internet service providers, private enterprise networks (such as Facebook and Amazon), point-to-point connections and various avenues to connect with the global network converge. In the City of Newark, there is one data center situated within its boundaries that was purchased by T5 Data Centers in October 2020:
T5 Data Centers (formerly Apple Newark Data Center)
39800 Eureka Drive
Newark, CA 94560
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Figure 12 – Data Center in Newark Map
There are 88 data centers within a 25-mile radius of Newark, with the majority in San Jose and San Francisco. With this high concentration of data centers, Newark has options when it comes to connectivity and access to the internet, anchor institutions, other municipalities.
Significant benefits of connecting to a regional hub include business continuity and disaster recovery benefits. These locations allow for offsite storage and redundancy in critical systems that the city could take advantage of.
In addition to private data centers, the California Department of Technology (CDT) is working on the California Middle-Mile project, which refers to the development and implementation of a middle-mile network in the state of California. It is part of the broader effort to expand broadband infrastructure and improve internet connectivity across the state. The project aims to establish a network of fiber optic cables that connect various communities and regions within California, providing a reliable and high-speed backbone for City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 27 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
broadband services. The middle-mile network is planned to run along 680 and I-880. The CDT will also be building Data Hubs approximately every 50 miles on the middle-mile network and splice boxes/vault every 2400 feet. GTG recommends the City coordinate with CDT to determine a location for the connection to the middle-mile network that will provide access to other local governments for sharing communications and having access to high-speed lowcost Internet services in addition to providing areas for disaster recovery equipment.
Other opportunities include working with BART or the City of Fremont to connect the City’s fiber network to the regional Oakland hub or the Hurricane hub in Fremont for access to high-speed low cost Internet services.
Conclusion
Newark is served by the local incumbent provider with sufficient broadband to handle the needs of the community in the area outside of complaints related to customer service, reliability, costs and accessibility. It would benefit the area to have a more competitive landscape, however, the area is not being neglected and the City should continue to work with and support the local providers.
Studying the 4G and 5G provider coverage maps you can see the entire area has access to 5G cellular coverage and 5G home coverage.
Although Newark is well covered by the local providers and access to broadband seems to be an option for most of the community, in addition to complaints regarding customer service, reliability, costs and accessibility, the issue of adoption comes into view. The lack of adoption can be caused by a few reasons including affordability, access to devices, and digital illiteracy, among others. Newark should become an active participant in helping alleviate the digital divide by adopting programs and raising awareness of the Affordable Connectivity Program, ACP.
Two major complaints from city departments and residents were reliability and speed of 5G coverage with areas that impact public safety, public works, and the community. The City should evaluate the need for additional towers within the city to increase speeds due to saturation and reliability for public safety purposes or determine if this is limited to pockets where buildings, trees, etc. may be causing coverage issues and an additional tower would be unnecessary.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 28 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Service Availability
Once the providers are identified, it is important to understand the areas the providers operate within.
Address Assessment
For a better understanding of the availability of providers and the broadband options they offer to specific locations, GTG pulled 40 random addresses and researched the options available at each address. Those results can be found in the chart below. We are not including the actual address researched for privacy concerns.
Figure 13 – Address Assessment in City of Newark
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 29 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Street
Comcast
HFC
ATT
Fiber
ATT
DSL Satellite
TMobileFixed
wireless
RAMSGATE DR X X X X X
BRETON DR X X X X
REYMOUTH DR X X X X
ORLEANS DR X X X X X
CRYSTAL SPRINGS
DR X X X X X
HALEY ST X X X X X
COLBERT PL X X X X X
PAPAYA ST X X X
CHERRY ST X X X X
BIRCH ST X X X X X
BAY BREEZE ST X X X X
LUMA TER X X X X X
CHERRY ST
BLUEGRASS CT X X X X X
EBBETTS ST X X X X
CROYDON PL X X X X X
ASHBOURNE CT X X X X X
MANOR CT X X X X
CHAPMAN DR X X X X X
DICHONDRA PL X X X X X
RAVENWOOD AVE X X X X X
JARVIS AVE X X X X
BENNINGTON DR X X X X X
LIDO CT X X X X X
GEORGE AVE X X X X X
NORMANDY DR X X X X X
CEDAR BLVD X X X X X
REDEKER PL X X X
CENTRAL AVE X X
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 30 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
MARTEL PL X X X X X
CARTER AVE X X X X X
MORTON AVE X X
SHADY HOLLOW
DR X X X X X
RAILROAD AVE X X X X X
MANDARIN AVE X X
PEACHTREE AVE X X X X X
SANDY COVE
WAY X X X X X
BLUE ANCHOR
WAY X X X X X
CENTRAL AVE X X X X X
ROCKVIEW WAY X X X X X
The table below shows, of the 40 total addresses researched, the providers that were available and the percentage of the coverage offered.
Comcast
HFC
ATT
Fiber
ATT
DSL Satellite
Fixed
wireless
TMobile
Total 35 11 18 35 33 34
Percentage of
Households 88% 28% 45% 88% 83% 85%
State of California Maps
The State of California maintains a broadband availability map that, like the FCC, shows addresses that are identified as in need of broadband access. These maps are crucial to understand the areas of the city that need bolstering. These maps represent information that is supplied by the internet service providers and can be used to identify the areas and neighborhoods that each provider supports with broadband service. It is worthwhile to compare the maps identifying locations where the information overlaps and greatly increases the validity of the provided information. To help see the disparities in broadband City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 31 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
speed, the State has the below online “Broadband Interactive Map”8 that shows, according to state complied and federal data, addresses that have a need for better broadband.
Figure 14 - California Interactive Broadband Map
FCC Broadband Maps
The FCC has a substantial amount of information that is collected through FCC Form 477, a report that providers fill out and self-report the technology they offer and where they offer it. The form has received criticism, claiming that the information is not accurate due to providers wanting to show they offer better services in a wider area than they actually do.
The self-reporting portal, according to the Institute for Local Self-reliance, has inherent flaws such as:
9 1. ISPs may fill out forms improperly.
8 https://www.broadbandmap.ca.gov/
9 https://ilsr.org/when-you-cant-trust-the-data-flaws-in-the-federal-communicationscommissions-broadband-forms/ City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 32 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
2. The data is out of date.
3. The data only includes maximum advertised download and upload speeds.
4. The submitted data itself overstates availability.
Understanding the results could be flawed, information given by providers clearly shows that Newark is well-served by the local incumbents, stating 100% coverage with 250 Mbps download and 25 Mbps upload. One positive change in the Broadband Data Collection (BDC) is the establishment of mechanisms to dispute the claims of providers, hopefully to further refine the data and provide a realistically accurate portrayal of the current state of broadband.
Figure 15 – FCC Form 477 for City of Newark
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 33 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Goals and Needs
Broadband Survey
To gain insight into the needs of the community, it is important to initiate community engagement to gather input from as many community members as possible. One step that GTG takes to gain as much insight as possible is to conduct an online broadband survey where the respondents can answer questions and provide information from their point of view. The survey was linked from the city’s website, and the city promoted it to the public through many different communication channels including social media, mass email marketing, print and digital marketing, word of mouth and in community outreach meetings. At the end of the survey, GTG collected 276 responses.
Survey responses
The completion rate of the survey was 81.5%, with a total of 276 responses.
Most respondents, 81%, identified themselves as residents, while 19% identified themselves as local businesses. Although not all responses were complete, the partial surveys include all surveys with at least 75% of the questions filled out.
Partial surveys provide valuable information, which is why some of the numbers in the graphs do not always equal 276.
Figure 16 - Response count
The current broadband standard set by the FCC for download speed is 25 Mbps (megabits per second) and 3 Mbps for upload speed. However, it was proposed in July of 2022 to increase the broadband standard to 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload. It has not been adopted on the federal level; however, City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 34 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
California and many other states have set 100 Mbps as the minimum download speed for broadband.
It's important to note the asymmetrical nature of HFC broadband speeds, where the need for downloading data is greater than the need for uploading. This results in standards that are not symmetrical, meaning the download and upload speeds are not the same. All fiber networks can have symmetrical services, and much faster than those of hybrid networks. This survey shows comparison values of both networks.
The data on the adequacy of the internet connection at respondents' locations presents a significant insight into the overall satisfaction with internet services.
Despite 55% of respondents affirming the adequacy of their internet connection, the fact that 45% expressed dissatisfaction suggests that there might be underlying issues affecting user experience and expectations.
This discrepancy highlights the importance of not only delivering high-speed broadband, but also ensuring consistent reliability and performance. It indicates that factors such as intermittent service disruptions, latency issues or insufficient customer support might be contributing to the dissatisfaction among a considerable portion of users.
To improve overall satisfaction, it would be beneficial for internet service providers to focus not only on delivering high-speed connections, but also on addressing issues related to service reliability, consistency, and customer support. By paying attention to these factors, providers can ensure that users not only have access to high-speed internet but also enjoy a seamless and reliable online experience, ultimately leading to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 35 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Figure 17 - Internet adequacy survey in City of Newark
The data for internet satisfaction highlights a significant divide in customer sentiment. With 47.3% expressing satisfaction and 52.7% reporting dissatisfaction with their current internet provider, it's evident that there is room for improvement in the service quality and customer experience provided by these companies.
Furthermore, the presence of healthy competition within the market can be advantageous for consumers. When multiple internet providers operate in the same area, it fosters an environment where each company is compelled to enhance its services to attract and retain customers. This competitive pressure often leads to improved offerings, better pricing, and a focus on customer satisfaction.
However, despite the positive influence of competition, it's crucial for providers to address the underlying issues contributing to customer dissatisfaction, such as service reliability and customer support. By prioritizing these aspects, internet providers can work towards enhancing the overall customer experience and fostering greater satisfaction among their customer base.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 36 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Reliability in broadband refers to the consistent and uninterrupted availability of internet connectivity. It encompasses factors such as network stability, minimal downtime, and consistent speeds. Reliable broadband is crucial for various activities, including remote work, online education, telemedicine, and general internet usage.
To ensure reliable broadband, it is essential for service providers to invest in robust infrastructure, regular maintenance, and efficient customer support.
Additionally, the document emphasizes the need for redundancy and backup systems to minimize service disruptions.
While the survey analysis document may not provide specific reliability data for Newark, such as actual down time and outages, it does acknowledge the significance of reliable broadband service for the community. 71% of respondents share that they feel their internet is reliable enough or very reliable. This is positive news for the community, showing that the ISPs are providing good broadband on reliable networks.
Value Percent
Yes 47.3%
No 52.7%
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 37 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Figure 18 – Reliability survey in City of Newark
Based on the data, the breakdown of internet service providers among the respondents is as follows:
Value Percent
AT&T 32.4%
Comcast/Xfinity 60.5%
T-Mobile 3.8%
Verizon 0.5%
Other - Write In 2.7%
These percentages represent the distribution of the different internet service providers among the responses. Comcast/Xfinity appears to have the largest share, followed by AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon, while a small percentage of respondents are using smaller ISPs.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 38 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Speed Test Results
The map depicted in Figure 19 illustrates the respondent locations, categorized by speed test results, ranging from up to 25 Mbps (Federal Minimum), up to 100 Mbps (California minimum), up to 500 Mbps and up to 1000 Mbps (1 Gigabit). The data reveals that areas with high-speed connectivity are spread across the city, whereas locations with slower connections are concentrated primarily in the region south of 880, positioned between Central Blvd and Mowery Ave. The underlying reasons for this area's notably high concentration of DSL subscribers remain ambiguous.
Upon examining why respondents chose their respective service providers, it was commonly reported that these providers were either the sole option available or were perceived as the best available choice. This implies the possibility that some users might be paying for high-speed services that aren't being fully delivered. In the case of respondents utilizing Comcast/Xfinity's HFC network, it may be necessary to consider network upgrades. Meanwhile, for those relying on AT&T's DSL services, the expectation of higher speeds is unrealistic, as DSL is an outdated technology with very limited speeds, commonly meeting the Federal standards but fail to meet the broadband standards set by the State of California.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 39 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Figure 19 – Respondent locations with corresponding speed test results Comments from Business Respondents
In the survey conducted by GTG, respondents were invited to share their comments regarding their Internet service. Specifically, businesses were asked "Please explain how better Internet access would impact your organization. Will it help with economic development, services, or sales? Do you have other thoughts on the impact of better Internet access?” It is essential to clarify that GTG did not alter the wording or grammar of any comment, whether they were from businesses, residents or other key stakeholders. The only adjustments made were for the sake of brevity.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 40 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Response
ID Comments
262
At this time we are told we can not improve our service because the area is not wired to accommodate high speed (even though we are paying for it) the service we have now goes out frequently in the early evenings and weekends for minutes at a time. If one or more companies would rewire our area of Newark, we can have choices of carriers, and choose a internet package that would suit our needs 236
Better Internet access would significantly enhance the operations and reach of our company. Here's how: Economic Development: A faster and more reliable Internet connection would enable us to tap into global markets, collaborate in real-time with partners and stakeholders regardless of their geographical location, and efficiently utilize cloud-based resources. This would drive productivity and foster innovation, placing us in a competitive position in the marketplace...
256
it would help with downloading large format files to create the decal panels for application to our customers vehicles. it would help with downloading parts information and manuals and diagrams along with the need to open files received from customers with their art work and or their damaged units. So yes, it would help with services, sales and the development of our business, to make it better. 235
Our building only offers access to T1 lines or higher, which we cannot afford (and maybe now fiber optics) or microwave access using a dish on the roof of the building. There is no other access option. It is very limiting for a small business like ours. There's no cable access or other ways to reasonably purchase internet access.
I'm hoping this survey results in better options for the business community.
223 We notice frequent glitches and unscheduled outages with Comcast.
And, it's very expensive!
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 41 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
240
We relied extensively on Zoom sessions, especially during the pandemic. The upload speed available to us was terrible, and the download speed was frequently inadequate. Churches are
increasingly reaching out to members at a distance. The available DSL services were inadequate for live streaming -- which is what most churches use now. The limitations have contributed to the ending of our services. Infrastructure along Cedar Blvd is inadequate for ALL utilities.
Comments from Residents
In the survey conducted by GTG, respondents were invited to share their comments regarding their Internet service. Specifically, residents were asked “What would better broadband mean to you and your family or the area?”.
Response
ID Comments
189
1. I'd love to have 500mbps / 1gbps broadband access for less than $50 per month and not have to haggle with AT&T at the end of every annual contract that I will be switching to Comcast and then they magically bring the price down for another 12 months. 2.
There seems to be a relatively local player, SAIL internet which uses AT&T backbone, is there a chance to get them to become a approved provider by the city?
238
ATT said for years that fiber options were coming, but after 10 years of waiting, nada. So cable was the best option. Connectivity means everything to compete in the world today and stay informed.
The speed of that connection will determine the rate of information and response in certain situations. Extremely important to stay relevant.
187
Better choice of providers who all provide the same level of service and speed. Right now, comcast/xfinity are the only ones who provide a decent service with speed needed.
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181 Better upload speed and removal a caps would allow me to work from home
25 Better work and education experience. I am full time remote worker.
195
Broadband access is becoming as necessary as water. electricity, etc.
It is important for business as many times the decision to locate at a specific city is based on availability of broadband access. 173 Broadband should be free
102
Cell service is really bad on my cell phone-get a lot of dropped calls (phone uses my Wi-Fi) Internet disconnects fairly often. I need a stable one because I work from home
48 Cheaper, more competition.
65 Comcast is very expensive & constantly raising its rates. I am a retired senior, but I haven't qualified for ACP for some reason. 213
Comment: When we move to the Birch Grove neighborhood in 2020 we were originally with AT&T, we switch ISPs because the DSL in the neighborhood were so bad that cause one of our DSL lines to go offline repeatedly. My hope is with this broadband masterplan it will prioritize the Birch Grove neighborhood to get fiber optic. 141 connectivity speeds of 1gbps which power all the connected devices for todays needs and future needs at an affordable cost. 119 Consistent download speeds. Even though we have high speed internet, sometimes the response is slow.
174 Consistent speed, no drop services and affordable . 148 Cost. Broadband is not available at my address.
50 Download speed 》 500 mbps , upload 》200 mbps . No sudden drops
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 43 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
129 Easier to stay connected throughout the city especially in newer housing developments where service can be minimal.
175
Everyone having Internet accessibility is very important to our family. I think it's important for everybody to have equity and opportunity in resources.
36 We have service through AT&T and Xfinity. This is in case one goes down, as I work from home. It would be nice if the services didn't 'hiccup' as much as they do.
205 We need choices with our broadband provider and better cellular service,
108
We take meetings from home. Our children like the stream shows.
The internet has always been horrible in this area. They told us that the wires run underground are disconnected (per ATT) we would love to be able to do the things we need to do without such slow speeds and the constant loss of connection.
44 We use Comcast Business to get better broadband than residential already, so we are satisfied, except it is expensive.
155 We would fiber optic internet
92 We would prefer to have fiber internet over cable.
117
When we moved here in 2020, we had AT&T as our ISP but we ran into problems by the fact of the lines kept on going down and slowing down our speed after a year of working with AT&T it was determined that the lines in the house was fine but the outside line were the issue. My comment is that I am sure that I am not the only person in the birch grove area that is having this issue. Since we are on T-mobile home internet we have zero issues with our interent. 176 Would like to automate as much of the home as possible City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 44 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP)
The FCC introduced the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) to improve broadband accessibility and affordability for low-income households. Qualified households can receive a $30 monthly subsidy from participating broadband providers, lowering the cost of securing a 100 Mbps download speed broadband connection. By making internet access more affordable, the ACP aims to reduce the digital divide. Cities can effectively promote the advantages of the ACP to residents and program managers serving disadvantaged communities.
According to data from educationsuperhighway.com, a key ACP adoption tracker and information provider, the table below displays a 26% adoption rate among eligible families within city limits. The data also highlights that 738 eligible households currently lack regular internet access and often rely on cellular hotspots for connectivity. Notably, cellular providers, being private entities, operate on profit-oriented business models, limiting the public sector's control and influence over the coverage they provide.
Among the survey respondents, the table below indicates the levels of awareness and adoption. It is concerning that only 26% of the eligible households in Newark are utilizing the program, especially considering the national average adoption rate of 80%. Given this significant gap, the City of Newark should prioritize promoting and increasing awareness of the program in underserved areas, aiming to bridge the digital divide.
KNOW ABOUT THE ACP
Yes 39.9% 67
No 60.1% 101
City
Adoption
Rate
Eligible
Households
Enrolled
Households
Eligible
Unconnected
Households
Newark 26% 4488 1146 738
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 45 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF ACP
Yes 1.2% 2
No 98.8% 166
It should be noted that 34 respondents would like to receive additional information regarding the ACP.
Community Outreach Meetings
To gather information regarding the needs of the community in Newark, GTG, working with City staff, held a stakeholder outreach/listening session allowing the public to voice their opinions in a structured manner. Although the meeting had relatively low attendance, the participants provided some quality information. The low attendance was more than likely due to the broadband availability in Newark. The meetings were publicized by City staff with emails, publications and signs being used to inform the public of the meetings. The public tends to only attend these types of meetings if there is a serious problem they are experiencing, or the state of broadband is overall unsatisfactory. Newark is well served by the local incumbents presumably leading to the low meeting attendance.
Policies
The City of Newark does not have policies in place regarding broadband and related assets. Basic broadband policies include a Dig Once policy or joint build, master license agreement, construction standards, developer agreements or similar mechanisms.
A Dig Once policy would include procedures to facilitate broadband development and minimize restoration issues. Developer agreements are another way to have developers of larger parcels or land development provide broadband infrastructure. These could be put in place to reduce costs for expanding broadband in Newark and to support City services.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 46 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Permitting and restoration requirements follow city standard processes and timelines. The city should evaluate an expedited process to support broadband expansion.
On a positive note, the city’s general plan does reference technology in multiple areas. This is a best practice that Newark has in place including:
1. LU-1.5 Technology Focus. Promote the city as a good location for technology businesses and clean industry, capitalizing on Newark’s location within Silicon Valley.
2. Action T-2.D. Utilize Technology to Improve Safety. Evaluate and implement alternative safety measures for bicyclists and pedestrians using the latest technologies available.
3. Policy E D-1.2 Newark’s Competitive Edge. Maintain and enhance Newark’s competitive edge relative to other cities in the East Bay, Silicon Valley, and Peninsula Areas, particularly in the technology sector. This will require competitive fees and fast processing times.
4. Policy E D-1.7 Flexibility. Ensure that city policies, zoning, and economic development programs are flexible enough to respond to rapid changes in technology, real estate market dynamics, and the workplace. Economic development efforts should be modified and adapted as necessary as local, regional, national, and global economic conditions evolve.
5. Emergency Preparedness references to updating response to new requirements, technology, and communication protocol.
6. Action EH-1.B Code Updates. Periodically revise construction codes and regulations to incorporate the latest information and technology related to natural hazards such as earthquakes and flooding.
This plan supports expanding broadband and Smart City initiatives to enhance public safety, economic development, transportation, and mobility, as well as other improvements that increase efficiency and expand services to Newark’s community.
Gaps
The gaps in fiber optic infrastructure appear to be in a lack of consistent coverage by the incumbents. Deciding where and how to build in any city or urban area is a highly secretive process and usually does not make clear sense to anyone reviewing coverage maps. Newark is not different, as shown in the City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 47 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
map below, with select neighborhoods built with FTTP (fiber-to-the-premise) as reported by a national incumbent, while the neighboring areas are not built.
This creates gaps for the City of Newark to try to solve and encourage providers to build satisfactory networks.
As you can also see in Figure 20 below, there is virtually no fiber network or access in the business areas around the city, with the incumbent providers not offering fiber services to commercial market. The incumbent providers will on occasion support businesses with fiber connectivity, however at very high upfront construction costs. Consequently, reliability and speed seem to be major issues for businesses. It is important that the city supports economic development, especially in the retail sector, as the city relies on sales tax as a major revenue source.
Figure 20 – Fiber service availability
Newark has major gaps in its policies related to fiber and other network infrastructure. These gaps include:
• Dig Once policies and joint-build policies and programs. • Developer Agreements that include fiber and conduit expansion.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 48 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
• Siting cell sites and antennas on public assets/property, including a master license agreement
• Assets to leverage an expansion of the fiber network
• Fiber services to a significant portion of the commercial and industrial sectors of the city, as outlined in phase areas 1 – 3, which is detailed further in the report.
Conceptual Design
High-Level Designs (HLDs) represent a conceptual framework featuring routes, potential construction methods and overall project estimated footage, offering a budgetary overview and potential timeframes for project completion.
The City of Newark presents a distinctive scenario, necessitating a tailored approach to HLD development that caters to the diverse needs of its community. With varying levels of internet accessibility among residents, ranging from robust connectivity to the absence of broadband, the HLD must address the connectivity of city facilities, support residents lacking broadband access and contribute to the economic development of Newark.
The HLD is strategically put together, prioritizing the use of the most costeffective construction methods. Initial considerations involve leveraging existing infrastructure, such as fiber optic cables, conduits, and other preexisting assets, before implementing new construction. Underground construction, such as boring and plowing, are generally recognized as the most expensive and time-consuming approaches to network development. While the expenses associated with new construction methods can vary significantly, they generally surpass the costs of utilizing existing infrastructure. The chart below illustrates the available construction methods along with estimated costs for each.
Construction Methods Estimated
Cost/Foot Brief Description
Existing Infrastructure
Existing city owned fiber optic
cable $4 – $10
Re-splicing, adding splice cases,
testing, and documenting existing
fiber
Existing city owned empty
conduit $10 – $15
Placing new cable in existing
conduit, splicing, splice cases,
testing and documenting fiber
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 49 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
Remove and replace city owned
Fiber $25 – $35
Removing working circuits,
splicing, adding splice cases,
testing, and documenting existing
fiber
Upgrade traffic interconnect
conduit $30 – $40
Removing interconnect cables,
upgrade handholes and sweeps,
pull new cable, splice, test, and
document
Aerial Construction
Over lash aerial cable $7 – $15
Pole Loading, place new cable on
existing strand (over lash), splice,
test, and document
New attachment aerial cable $15 – $25
Pole load, build new attachments,
place strand, lash cable, splice,
test, and document
New aerial with new poles $90 – $120
Same as above but must permit
and place new telephone poles
first.
Underground Construction
Plowing $30 – $40
Using a vibratory plow with 4'
stinger to place conduit prior to
new cable placement
Micro trenching $20 – $30
Micro trenching uses a thin 1" – 2"
by 12" deep to cut a trench into
the ground, pavement, or other
and place conduit in the trench
and seal it with special material to
prevent cable from coming out of
the trench.
Rock Wheel $110 – $125
Uses a 6" – 8" blade to cut a trench
up to 36" deep through any
material including rock, gravel,
asphalt, dirt etc.
Boring/Directional Drilling $95 – $120
Uses rods and a machine to drill a
hole under the surface of the earth
at any depth needed with minimal
disturbance
Open trench $80 - $100
Using machines like mini
excavators, backhoes, shovels to
open a trench to place conduit and
back fill over conduit
Assumptions used for the City of Newark HLD include:
• The HLD consists of connecting city facilities. By prioritizing the facilities according to usage and cost to construct, the HLD is broken into 3 phases.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 50 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
• The HLD was updated per Council feedback to add fiber and WiFi connections to four City Parks, improving access to underserved areas within the City.
• All new underground construction will be directional drilling/boring. • Construction costs are for infrastructure, including cable, splicing, and prevailing wage.
• Construction methods are chosen in order of cost effectiveness, providing a fiscally responsible build.
• Due to all construction and engineering costs increasing by over 30% after COVID-19, the HLD cost assumptions include a 20% contingency. • City assets will be used to house all major equipment and power needed to build, run, and maintain the network.
• All cabinets, hubs, distribution multiport service terminals (MSTs) and other assets built must be placed in the public right-of-way. • Routes are based on road access. There may be easements to lessen the footage and will be discovered during the low-level engineering.
Tradeoffs
Construction methods cost very differently, and the inclination would be to use the least expensive methods to save on the up-front capital investment needed.
However, all construction methods have positive and negative elements, and the tradeoffs are something that needs to be considered in advance of construction of a network. Below are some examples of tradeoffs when considering different construction methods.
Example 1: New underground construction can be done in a variety of ways, with boring being one of the most expensive. Microtrenching is one of the least expensive methods but has drawbacks that need to be evaluated and mitigated prior to use. Microtrenching is a shallow underground technique that is a viable in neighborhoods where there is little traffic and little exposure to major emergencies, such as water main breaks, that require major excavation in a hurried manner, possibly exposing the shallower fiber to damage and outages.
However, in major intersections, heavily travelled roads, water mains, storm drains, side sidewalks and gutters microtrenching present a much higher risk to damage than using directional drilling/boring, which is much deeper at 36” - 48” deep on average.
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Example 2: Aerial construction is one of the fastest construction methods to deploy. The positive reasons for building aerial infrastructure include speed to deploy, relatively inexpensive labor costs versus other methods and easily inspectable infrastructure. With the cost of aerial about 1/5th to 1/4th that of new underground (boring), it makes aerial the obvious choice. However, there are negatives involved with aerial construction that must be understood and accepted prior to being used. This includes a vulnerable infrastructure more easily damaged and susceptible to vandalism, as well as yearly pole lease fees, making aerial not as attractive over time. The yearly pole leasing fees add up and can negate any cost savings over a matter of 20 years. It is important to understand the tradeoffs when it comes to construction methods and how those factors can affect the network overtime. Especially the upfront capex costs versus the operational costs.
Example 3: Underground construction has very high initial costs and a myriad of additional operational costs. Anyone doing underground digging must call 811 to avoid hitting utilities that have been buried. All owners of underground infrastructure must respond to these calls and mark where the underground infrastructure is located. These services have costs associated with them, which are usually outsourced to companies specializing in locating underground utilities. In the event of damage to underground infrastructure, this maintenance can be very expensive, with costs estimated to be 5% - 10% of the total network cost annually.
One can see that when viewed as a process and not simply a construction method, but rather using operating costs, vulnerabilities and other concerns, choosing a infrastructure can be a far more complicated process than initial cost alone.
Phasing
Most city-wide networks are broken into smaller phased areas that are meant to speed up deployment, bring in revenue prior to the entire network being built and to provide milestones to gauge budget, timing, and overall success of the project.
An additional benefit to the city in replacing current broadband services is reducing the reliance on very high-cost internet services and connections.
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Phase
Construction
Type Est Footage Miles Percentage
Phase 1 Aerial 8,239 1.56 46%
New
Underground 9,599 1.82 54%
Phase 1 Total 17,839 3.38
Phase 2 Aerial 3,203 0.61 64%
New
Underground 1,788 0..34 36%
Phase 2 Total 4,991 0.95
Phase 3 Aerial 4,986 0.94 74%
New
Underground 1,717 0.33 26%
Phase 3 Total 6,703 1.270
Grand Total 29,532 5.59
20%
Contingency 35,438 6.71
Figure 21 – HLD by Construction Type
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Phase 1
During the needs assessment, it was made clear that the Sillman Center is a major recreational hub for the residents, students and visitors and the facility offers many amenities that benefit those in the area. This phase contains much of the new underground construction, due to the lack of poles and other aerial infrastructure along Cherry Street. This phase connects the Silliman Center and Fire Station 27. As shown in the table below, the construction cost for phase 1 is estimated at $1.406 million, making it the most expensive phase. It is the recommendation to connect Mel Nunes Sportsfield and Birch Grove parks during this phase.
Phase 2
Phase 2 builds off phase 1, requiring at least some of that phase to be complete before it can be initiated. The footage in this phase is far less, but is just as important, as it connects areas of great importance for the City of Newark. In this phase, the following will be connected: Fire Station 28, Center for the Elderly and Public Works Corps Yard. This phase has an approximate value of $303,545 according to the sample table below. It is recommended to connect Jerry Raber Ash Street Park during this phase.
Phase 3
Phase 3 connects the remaining two city facilities, Fire Station 29 and Community/Childcare Center by adding infrastructure to phases 1 and 2. The cost of this phase is estimated at $339,233. It is recommended to connect Newark Community Center Park during this phase.
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Figure 22: HLD Map by Phase
HLD Footages, WiFi and Budget
During the April 25th 2024 council meeting, where the Broadband/Smart City draft was presented, Council expressed a desire to provide wireless connectivity for its community. Based on analysis of surveys including identifying areas that are highly populated community gathering areas, this report was updated to include fiber and WiFi to Mel Nunes, Birch Grove, Jerry Raber and Newark Community parks.
The following table outlines the projected construction types, along with their estimated footage and costs. The cost per foot includes prevailing wage, engineering, cable, and splicing. It does not include any new equipment. As previously noted in the report, the costs significantly surged in the last year, attributed to post-COVID inflationary trends. These pricing figures were gathered through discussions with utility contractors in the local area, who acknowledge the ongoing upward trajectory of construction-related inflation.
However, they anticipate this phenomenon to stabilize soon. It is crucial to City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 55 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
emphasize that given the volatile nature of construction costs, the estimates provided below will remain valid for a limited duration.
Phase Construction Type Est $/FT Segment Total
Phase 1 Aerial $25.00 $205,977.50
New Underground $125.00 $1,199,925.00
WiFi $57,929.38
Phase 1 Total $1,463,831.88
Phase 2 Aerial $25.00 $80,070.00
New Underground $125.00 $223,475.00
WiFi $36,558.53
Phase 2 Total $340,103.53
Phase 3 Aerial $25.00 $124,657.50
New Underground $125.00 $214,575.00
WiFi $36,558.53
Phase 3 Total $375,791.03
Grand Total $2,179,726.44
13.6% Contigency $2,476,169.24
Cost of Services by Phase
The table above shows the cost of construction for the 3 phases, while the table below shows the current cost of service the city pays for, listed by location. As the phases are built the operational cost for each location that will be served by the new network should be noted as savings and treated as a return on investment of the new construction and overtime, will further justify completing the network.
Build
Phase Facility Service Address
Monthly
Totals
Grand
Total with
Taxes and
Surcharges Annual
Phase 1 SILLIMAN CENTER 6800 MOWRY AVE $1,102.66 $1,364.46 $16,373.52 Phase 1 FIRE STATION #27 39039 CHERRY $494.39 $623.46 $7,481.52 Phase 1 LIBRARY
37055 NEWARK
BLVD $114.12 $142.01 $1,704.12
Phase 1 POLICE GROUND FLOOR
37077 NEWARK
BLVD $2,341.00 $2,926.00 $35,112.00
Phase 1 COUNCIL CHAM
37101 NEWARK
BLVD $59.52 $74.40 $892.80
Total Cost $5,130.33 $61,563.96
Phase 2 SENIOR CENTER
7401 ENTERPRISE
DR $171.79 $217.50 $2,610.00
Phase 2
SERVICE CENTER/CORP
YARD 37440 FILBERT $752.24 $923.11 $11,077.32
Phase 2 ALT EOCFIRE STATION 28
7550 THORNTON
AV $853.24 $1,025.07 $12,300.84
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Phase 2 OLD FIRE STATION 1
7700 THORNTON
AVE $38.04 $45.90 $550.80
Phase 2 WATKINS HALL 37103 ASH $38.04 $45.90 $550.80
Total Cost $2,257.48 $27,089.76
Phase 3
COMMUNITY CTR/CHILD
CARE 35501 CEDAR BL $769.03 $1,003.03 $12,036.36
Phase 3 FIRE STATION 29
35775 RUSCHIN
DR $624.32 $744.39 $8,932.68
Phase 3 37365 ASH 37365 ASH $38.04 $45.90 $550.80
Total Cost $1,793.32 $21,519.84
Business Model and Funding
There are a range of business models for local governments to impact broadband development, from passive, policy-only models to fully active, fullservice models. To follow best practices, it makes sense to develop policies to encourage local, non-profit broadband service providers. This would involve establishing expedited, non-discriminatory access to local Public Right of Way (PROW) and standards for constructing and developing network assets that use the PROW. Beyond that, the city could establish procurement preferences for services from such providers and a special class for them within a wireless facilities master license agreement.
To determine the proper business model for a municipal network, local governments need to understand the various factors and how they interplay with each other.
The different business models shown in the table below compare the various levels of investment and amount of municipal control. The City of Newark has different options from doing nothing, letting the incumbent providers handle broadband all the way to becoming a municipal ISP and provide services to the community. Rarely is extremely a viable option with the key factors leading to a business model somewhere in the middle.
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Business Models
Internal expansion
Any business model beyond leasing a limited amount of dark fiber will require dedicated staff. Dark Fiber is unused fiber that can be leased and is maintained by the lessee, reducing impact to staff and city resources. The program or division would need a broadband manager with a strong understanding of facilities leasing and maintenance. The broadband manager would be responsible for the overall organizational performance, focused on finances and governance.
If the city is actively promoting use of the network, it will also need a sales and marketing specialist to identify and manage leases. The sales and marketing manager may also work with wholesale customers to promote internet services to the community. An infrastructure specialist will also be needed to follow through with the policies put in place, dig once, also to track placement, ownership, and maintenance of the infrastructure. Finally, the program or division will need a fiber management system (FMS) and should have a maintenance fund to cover repair costs. Major maintenance or repair tasks— anything requiring excavation—would need to be contracted out. Additional positions may also be needed, depending on the scope and scale of the project.
If the city were to move forward with any of the above, it would require substantial overhead and operating costs, as well as a much larger capital investment in infrastructure and equipment. Payroll can account for 90% or more of ongoing costs. Equipment licenses, maintenance, refresh, and upgrades create high periodic costs and ongoing reoccurring costs. Limiting operations to a backbone network will greatly reduce both up-front and on-going costs and set the stage for private investment.
Public Private Partnership (P3)
P3 agreements are a common business model in the modern municipal network for the construction, operation, and maintenance of city-owned infrastructure.
These agreements are so popular because they can entail any of the following business models by working with private ISPs and creating an agreement that the city can support. All cities have varying amounts of assets, capital, and staff to support municipal networks. Some cities have a sufficient staff to run and monitor a network, some cities contract the majority of the operations to private companies or individuals and have little staff that can help with the City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 58 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
running of a network, while other cities have substantial infrastructure that can be leveraged in a P3 to ultimately generate revenue through these agreements.
It is important to understand the level of commitment from both parties when considering the following:
• Who will pay for the network construction?
• What funds will both parties be required to put into the agreement? • What are the roles and responsibilities of either party? • Who will determine the ownership and control of any future network expansion?
• What is the revenue model that will allow both parties to benefit from an agreement?
Public policy only
Public policies are a vital part of the modern city broadband network, whether it be city or privately owned. Policies that may have a substantial impact on the broadband networks include Dig Once policies and developer agreements. Dig once policies put in place a mechanism for the city to add infrastructure while other companies and agencies are doing work in the right-of-way allowing the city to add infrastructure as part of these other projects. Developer agreements are important because they allow the city to require infrastructure to be added to the development of large plots. Other policies that should be created and implemented are those streamlining the permitting process to encourage local ISP investment in broadband throughout the city. A major deterrent for private company broadband construction in municipalities is if the permitting process and restoration requirements impact the return on investment (ROI) that drives all private company investments. This is not a real “business” model but does have an impact on the local broadband market and regardless of the business model used, policies must be evaluated and updated or implemented.
Infrastructure provider
In this business model, the municipality builds infrastructure and leases that infrastructure out to other agencies with the goal of generating enough revenue to, at a minimum, pay for the cost and maintenance of the infrastructure.
Private companies work off profits and ROI models that require lower cost construction and enough subscribers to offset these costs. There are areas in every city that have a low ROI and private companies simply will not build in these areas and skip to higher profit areas. Cities can build infrastructure that the private sector can use, lowering the costs of construction and increasing the ROI. The infrastructure can be conduit only, fiber or wireless towers.
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Public services provider
Cities connecting publicly owned assets, public organizations, county, nonprofit organizations, schools, libraries and/or other non-private locations are considered public services providers. These organizations are usually limited to anchor institutions, critical organizations, public safety organizations, utilities, and healthcare. A government owned network can provide a better quality of service at lower costs.
Open access provider
Open access networks are those networks that do not offer exclusive access to any one entity. This philosophy is geared towards increasing competition and potentially increasing revenue by not limiting access to only one lessee.
Lit services are when the provider supplies the equipment, fiber and anything needed to support a certain level of service. Simply put, if the customer wants 100 Mbps service, that is what the city would need to provide. The customer pays for the level of service they want and the cost increases with the increase in speed.
Conversely, if the customer wants to provide their own equipment, the city will only provide the fiber from end to end and the customer is responsible for the equipment and speeds they are wanting. The city only maintains the fiber and does not have any involvement with the equipment. These circuits are known as “dark” circuits and the bandwidth used is not controlled by the city. Although the equipment is not provided by the city, the circuits are remarkably close in cost.
Municipal services provider (ISP)
Municipalities that provide end user services to residential and business customers are considered retail service providers. Most commonly, local governments offer triple-play services consisting of phone, television, and Internet services, essentially becoming an equal competitor to incumbent cable and broadband providers. As a retail provider, the organization is responsible for a significant number of operational functions, including management of retail services, network operations, billing, provisioning, network construction, and general management.
For a municipal services approach, the following would need to be taken into consideration:
Capital Expenses
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• Develop the cost model for the network, including one-time and ongoing capital expenditures to build the network. This will include an assessment of current facility locations, city-owned land and the city right-of-way for construction and the need to purchase any land or equipment.
• Provide a phased deployment approach, including prioritization and costs for each phase.
Operating Expenses
• Develop the cost model for operations, including operations and maintenance, network operations, field services, staffing, billing, and customer service.
Revenue Potential
• From the market analysis and outreach, determine the customer segmentation and growth on the network, across each type of customer (business, school, hospital, etc.).
• Determine customer growth rates for the network, based on benchmarking analysis from other utility and municipal providers. • Determine a proposed competitive rate schedule for potential services, using pricing information from the market analysis and benchmarking information.
Financial Viability
• Develop financial statements including:
o Operating income and cash flow
o Net present value analysis
o Projected revenues and benefits
o Uses and sources of funds
o Operational expenses
o Depreciation schedule
o Debt service analysis
o Key assumptions
• Conduct comprehensive financial analysis on the project to determine overall financial sustainability using key metrics such as free cash flow, debt service coverage, operating margin, and net income.
Grants and Other Funding Sources
The City of Newark is an affluent community and therefore is not competitive for most federal and state grants that support expanding broadband to unserved and underserved communities. The city should monitor and apply for City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 61 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
transportation and Smart City related grants which can be coupled with expanding fiber optic installation to expand broadband in the community.
The city has been prudent in the development of a CIP for conduit infrastructure tied to street projects. This supports expansion of broadband in the community and supports regional efforts related to broadband. In addition to the CIP, the city should evaluate the addition of technology fees, which can facilitate building out broadband quicker, supporting the community and economic development.
The City has existing American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) and Public, Education and Government (PEG) funds that can be used to begin the installation of broadband infrastructure within the constraints of the funding sources and if not already allocated to other city projects. Due to the city’s lack of competitiveness for current broadband grants, the city is left with limited options outside the above sources. Other options include bonds, debt, or direct revenue (fees & taxes).
Recommendations
The city needs to create a platform to attract investment and innovation. The following recommendations support the city in this effort.
Form or designate a broadband advisory committee.
Without accountability and designated resources, master plans can fall by the wayside. It is important that there is a level of accountability. The city should evaluate a committee of city staff that have the level of authority and interest to ensure broadband progresses in the community. A point person with interest in the project should be appointed as the lead to this team.
Investigate a Public Private Partnership (P3).
Private companies have the experience and expertise to engineer, build out and maintain a city network. Through partnerships, allowing the partner to use the infrastructure constructed for the city network, costs can be greatly reduced and help alleviate the operational expenses of owning a network. The city staff should maintain the equipment, routers and services, and the partner should maintain the physical layer of cables and splicing. A partnership should be leveraged to add competition and reduce the need for the city to build a fiberto-the-premises, FTTP, network. A P3 partnership would meet one of the city’s goals to offer internet to the public at reduced costs with improved reliability.
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Create policies and workflows.
Create workflows and city policies that aid in the further development of broadband infrastructure through Dig Once policies, updated construction standards, developer agreements and requirements, including infrastructure with capital improvement projects and other policies. These policies should be applied to both the public and private sectors doing work in the public right-ofway (ROW).
Permitting and restoration requirements prove to be difficult for developers and private ISPs looking to build in the ROW. Permits can take too long to approve, but through policies and updated requirements, the city can alleviate some of this by ensuring the permitting process is streamlined.
SB 378 passed into law in 2022 and requires municipalities to allow microtrenching for the purpose of placing fiber optic cables, in certain circumstances. The city should consider creating a standard to address when microtrenching is going to be used, including policies in place for dealing with microtrenching during emergency digging in the ROW.
The city should also consider creating a digital inclusion policy that will further digital inclusion and help bring digital equity to Newark in support of digital inclusion efforts recommended below.
Create a Technology Enterprise Fund.
Dedicating all revenues generated from telecommunication carriers or ISPs through leases of city poles, ROW access, cell towers and/or land for placement of towers and other public assets to a Technology Enterprise Fund will ensure the city has a financing source for the purchase, installation and/or construction of new broadband assets and Smart City applications, particularly to take advantage of opportunities outside of the annual budget process, such as coordinated joint trenching. These funds would also be used for digital inclusion efforts.
Newark should consider investments that provide modern, reliable broadband infrastructure and programs that would offer free or low-cost services to qualified residents, the school district, and the library.
The city should also use the fund to support innovative Smart City/Connected Community programs that improve efficiencies while enhancing services for the community. This includes infrastructure investments that deliver real-time environmental, public safety and transportation information to stakeholders, City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 63 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
such as streetlight sensors for noise, air quality, on-street parking availability, traffic congestion and evacuation routes. “Push” notifications can be employed to relay important messages; retail location intelligence can improve economic development by offering analytic information on foot traffic in the surrounding business areas.
Incrementally build city-owned broadband infrastructure.
The city should adopt the HLD and implement policies that include broadband in all projects. If there is an opportunity to add this infrastructure as part of other projects, the city can incrementally build infrastructure as needed over time to reduce costs. Keeping the future in mind, the broadband committee should be included in the planning process with broadband being considered a utility like power, water and sewer.
Evaluate the use of Public, Education and Government (PEG) funds where applicable to enhance services with broadband.
The City has a need in the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for multiple video and audio feeds for its Joint Information Center (JIC) to broadcast and monitor live reports of events.
The City also has the need for remote location broadcasting of events i.e. festivals and city events, which broadband would support.
The use of PEG funds is a potential source of funding to assist with these needs.
Support digital inclusion.
Digital divide is the problem and digital inclusion are the steps and activities to help fix the problem, with digital equity as the goal.
Digital divide is the gap between those who have adequate broadband and ability to use it and those who do not. It is easy to define the problem, however, less so to define the underlying causes such as affordability, physical access, owning devices that can access the internet, and even knowing how to use the internet effectively.
No two cities have the same issues that need to be solved, but there are some causes of the digital divide that exist, to some extent, in every town, city, county and state. One of those causes is the affordability of internet access. In addition to the local ISP affordability information provided on their websites, the city should promote the Federal Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 64 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
which is an FCC-funded subsidy that helps ensure households can afford the broadband they need for work, school, healthcare and more. Details can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/acp. The survey resulted in showing the city has a low take rate for the ACP program. Education regarding this important tool to assist those in need is prudent.
The library in Newark has many resources to be leveraged in digital inclusion efforts including computers, iPads, and other devices the community can benefit from. The city should promote the library and its resources to the community. The library has study rooms that can be used to hold educational classes on how to use the internet. The aged population tends to learn technology more slowly and can use help with how to access telehealth, doctor appointments, online bill pay, and many other activities required to exist in the increasingly online lifestyle of the world.
Another aspect of digital inclusion is to ensure the affordability of the devices that allow users to connect to the internet. Cities have surplus equipment, desks, computers, and laptops, among other things, which could be donated to senior centers, schools, economic development centers or any other group that helps lessen the digital divide. Senior centers are in particular need, with most residents being on fixed incomes with no way to purchase devices.
Next Steps
Outlined below is a summary of the next steps the city should take to improve and expand broadband.
1. Create a staff committee to advise, keep abreast of and hold accountability for broadband.
a. Define roles and responsibilities.
b. Keep the committee small and nimble, including representatives from key departments such as Public Works, Information
Technology, Police Department, Community Development and a representative from the City Manager’s Office.
2. In addition to the committee, assign or hire a person or consultant to be the City’s point person leading the broadband efforts lined out in the study.
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3. Pursue a public private partnership, create an RFP to find partnerships with a local ISP.
a. Find a partner that can engineer and construct HLD phases 1 – 3 as appropriate and as budget allows including the addition of WiFi in the four city parks identified (Newark Community, Jerry Raber, Birch Grove and Mel Nunes).
b. Create a partnership that will accomplish the goals of the broadband plan in providing underserved businesses with reliable service.
4. Review city policies to update as needed.
a. Dig Once policy.
b. Developer agreements.
c. Create workflows and policy to ensure broadband is a consideration on all city capital improvement projects, permitted work in the ROW, and planning efforts.
d. Review needs for wireless telecommunication facilities ordinance.
5. Create a broadband enterprise fund to support broadband efforts, construction, and partnerships.
a. Assign a portion of PEG fees to a broadband fund where applicable. b. Assign a portion franchise fees to a broadband fund. c. Create a financing strategy that separately tracks revenues and expenditures for this fund.
d. Create a funding policy that established a reserve as well as strives to ensure that revenues match expenditures without being a burden to the city’s General Fund.
6. Incrementally build city-owned broadband infrastructure with a P3 if this model is selected.
7. Evaluate the community’s needs for Wi-Fi for locations such as the Silliman Center, the Senior Cener, low-income neighborhoods, Restaurant Row, the Old Town area and City parks.
8. Monitor grants such as BEAD and CASF including funding for education and accessibility. Traffic grants are also a great source of funding for expanding a fiber network
9. Think regionally – the City should consider working with other local governments in the region to reduce costs and take advantage of economies of scale while improving services. This includes the county, schools, Ohlone College and other neighboring cities like Fremont and Union City that are pursuing expanding broadband as well.
10.Create a digital inclusion policy and program including the following:
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a. Promote the Affordable Connectivity Program or other programs that provide similar services.
b. Use library resources to educate individuals.
c. Standards for donating surplus equipment.
11.Promote digital inclusion efforts for the residents of the city. a. Promote the Affordable Connectivity Program. Newark has residents that have a challenging time affording internet access.
12. Instead of auctioning off extra and surplus equipment, donate to local groups and individuals that would benefit.
a. Senior Centers
b. Youth Centers
c. Economic Development Groups
d. Small Business Associations
e. Under privileged households
f. Schools
g. Etc.
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Connected Communities
Connected Communities AKA “Smart City” have different meanings city to city, and the definition has evolved over time. Initially, the focus was on infrastructure projects and centrally controlled systems with reporting and analytics. These investments provided very little value for the communities they served. Now, Connected Community initiatives focus on the use of technology and data to increase collaboration, drive decisions, and improve the community’s livability, workability and sustainability.
A Connected Community Program improves internal alignment to become an efficient, collaborative, and transparent city that is continuously improving cross-departmental coordination and data-sharing, refining operational approaches and priorities through a participatory governance process and active resident engagement.
Connected Communities help keep community members feeling inclusive, safe, and informed through continuous innovation with modern technologies improving response time and situational awareness.
Newark’s Connected Community/Smart City leveraged broadband as a foundation to build equity through creative ways of providing the necessary connectivity to support unserved and underserved neighborhoods.
Newark’s Connected Community/ Smart City plan should be coupled with the City’s broadband master plan to establish a collaborative ecosystem to bring together residents, businesses, industry, government, non-profits and other stakeholders to ideate and implement solutions that maximize “Livability” for residents, “Workability” in the City and “Sustainability” for all as overarching value propositions.
With the implementation of a Connected Community strategy and plan, operational efficiency will be improved and likewise become the backbone for delivering “Newark Community Connect," enabling the city to rethink and innovate how the city functions and delivers its services.
Government Technology Group (GTG) would use the following as a framework for helping Newark achieve its goals of digital transformation. This process aids transparency, programs, and budget alignment, coordinating across organizations to realize functional requirements
Vision
The vision establishes the foundation, by which the actual transformation is executed against. This vision should directly align with city initiatives and the City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 68 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
foundational principles of operational efficiency and improved service delivery.
Transformation
Transformation is the execution of the vision by way of specific projects aimed at delivering the desired outcomes. This is not so much technology centric, rather people and process oriented, leaning on technology to realize the objectives.
Outcomes
The outcomes reflect the improvements to the overall process of city operations and service delivery. They represent a new way for the city to measure performance, engage residents and build on a foundation of continuous improvement.
Figure 23 – Connected Communities in Newark
Case Study Examples
The cases below demonstrate Connected Community/Smart City use cases that we have participated in with the respective cities.
East Palo Alto – Digital Equity
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During the pandemic the County of San Mateo took action to make sure that its infrastructure assets were utilized to deliver connectivity services to its underserved communities, East Palo Alto was the ideal community.
We leveraged the county’s fiber as the backbone and solved the middle mile with CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) and deployed several WAPs (Wireless AP’s) for the public Wi-Fi in various parks and city buildings. The Wi-Fi was used to connect the homes so that there was support for distance learning and remote work. The program was an absolute success and improved the county’s DDI (Digital Divide Index) number.
San Leandro – Connected Lighting
The City of San Leandro initiated an LED relamping program and decided to connect the streetlights via a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for the purpose of energy conservation.
Lessons learned:
While the energy savings was successful, there were plans to leverage the lighting network for additional applications e.g. environmental monitoring, people counting, etc. The challenge was that the protocol for the wireless network was not broadly adopted, making it very difficult to integrate additional sensors for new applications. As a lesson learned, it is important to:
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1. Ensure that the technical choice supports the strategic plan.
2. Understand the standards and protocols that are supported.
3. Leverage your infrastructure for more than a single use whenever possible.
Coral Gables – Connected Communities/Smart City Platform The City of Coral Gables Florida set out over 10+ years ago to create a Connected Community that embraced services and transparency while improving city operations. This was under the leadership of Raimundo Rodulfo – CIO.
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Coral Gables demonstrates the focus and effort it takes to deliver on the vision of “Connected Community/Smart City” by:
1. Establishing and revisiting their strategic plan.
2. Establishing the foundation of systems interoperability for improved service delivery.
3. Focus on innovation and open standards.
4. Clear KPI’s that are communicated to the community.
Palo Alto – Digital Twin for Traffic Monitoring Case Study Working directly with the Palo Alto CIO and the chief traffic engineer, the program was executed over the course of 18 months and has garnered significant visibility from an innovation perspective. The objective was to set the foundation for traffic modernization using existing data to build a real time digital twin as insight to aid in improving traffic flow and give priority to cyclists and pedestrians at crosswalks.
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Leveraging the Trafficware Management System data provided in partnership by the city, we were able to deliver a baseline of the current traffic conditions to inform decisions on where to introduce “Adaptive Traffic Signaling,” as well as preparing for vision zero initiatives. The user interface allows for real time insight into traffic flow, congestion, and pedestrians at crosswalks.
The second part of the project was to deliver the ability to visualize the traffic data for the purpose of preemptive signaling, which was successfully demonstrated.
The outcome was successful and there were several additional use cases documented to leverage the traffic data combined with other city data - e.g. environmental monitors coupled with traffic flow data show the CO2 emissions based on traffic flow.
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Newark Strategic Horizon Chart
Figure 24 – Newark Strategic Horizon chart
The strategic horizon chart is a living reference tool that aligns programs and projects to the city vision for Connected Communities/Smart City. It is meant to be updated as priorities and initiatives change over time.
Top Areas of Opportunity
The following list highlights areas of opportunity for Newark to establish project initiatives that deliver value to the city and residents alike.
1. Connected street lighting
a. Improves energy efficiency.
b. Improves community safety.
c. Reduces carbon footprint.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 74 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
d. Extends additional Connected Community applications e.g. Public Wi-Fi, Air quality sensors etc.
2. Community broadband
a. Promotes Digital Equity and ensures reliable and affordable internet access for all community members irrespective of income or location.
b. Enhances education and lifelong learning.
c. Boosts economic development and innovation.
d. Improves public service and citizen engagement.
3. Traffic monitoring
a. Reduces traffic congestion and improves commutes.
b. Enhances public safety and emergency response.
c. Benefits environment and sustainability.
d. Prepares for autonomous vehicles.
4. Cybersecurity, privacy, and data governance
a. Improves the city’s security posture.
b. Improves transparency for the community.
c. Prepares the city for use of the extended datasets generated by the solutions.
With a robust broadband strategy, the above listed solutions deliver a solid foundation for continued innovation for Newark’s Connected Community.
Other Smart City/Connected Communities
Recommendations
Newark has several areas that align to the strategy initiatives of Livability, Workability, and Sustainability. These domains are very common amongst the majority of cities.
Livability
• Environmental Monitoring – The benefits here are aligned to the city delivering information to the residents about the conditions in the surrounding areas. Is it advised to hike, ride bikes? Is the temperature combined with CO2 emissions safe? What is the particulate count? • Digital Signage/Kiosk – The benefits here serve the residents and visitors as they will be able to walk and engage the signage for information.
Likewise, it can be used to engage residents and allow them to initiate permits and other city forms without going inside city hall.
City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 75 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
• Security Monitoring – The benefits here are aligned with residents feeling safe. It is likewise aligned with workability when the police department is looking for forensic information related to criminal activity.
• Multi-Modal Transportation – This benefits the city residents in a variety of ways.
o Getting to public transportation hubs will improve the experience for all.
o Establishing e-mobility programs for the elderly.
o Could get residents out of their car and into public transportation which would have an impact on sustainability.
Workability
• Wireless connectivity – The benefits of the city considering ancillary wireless connectivity in conjunction with its fiber deployment covers workability as well as livability.
o First responders will have reliable connections within a variety of areas in the city. This leans toward considering PLTE (Private LTE) for some areas of the city.
o Benefits the residents when looking at large numbers of digital signs or additionally tap to pay EV Chargers, etc.
o Field workers will have the ability to relay GIS information whenever there are changes needed.
o Recreation centers will experience a much higher level of reliability as well as improved services.
• GIS program – This will benefit the city across the board. Operational efficiency when field visits are made in terms of understanding and clearly knowing where the assets, wireless AP’s, etc. are located. • Digital Twin – Digital Twins are very useful when the data is available.
The benefits tie themselves to providing insight into a variety of areas and visualizing them in a single dashboard that is updating in real time. o Improvement in traffic monitoring – Leads to adaptive traffic monitoring.
o Improvement in emergency response – Leads to managing routes to specific locations. Also, unifies the various data streams into a single view shared amongst the teams.
o Can become the “Single Pane of Glass” used by most city workers. • Security foundation – When extending Connected Community services to operational technology, the city should evaluate its security strategy and City of Newark, CA Broadband Master Plan & Smart City Report Page 76 GTG ©2024 July 11, 2024
processes to reduce risk to the city from potential cyber security incidents.
• Automated redundant internet – As innovation occurs and the city relies more heavily on the Internet to support its Connected Community program, it should evaluate automated redundant internet access if the new enhancements are deemed critical to the business needs of the city.
Sustainability
• Buildings – With Newark's sustainability targets, buildings (both old and new) should be under consideration. Note that Newark is already in a good place with the city hall and police departments already equipped with building automation to support HVAC and building services. o Energy efficient windows for all construction.
o Solar and other distributed energy resources to reduce emissions. o Connectivity within building that monitors and manages lighting, HVAC, and energy.
• EV charging - This provides even greater value when attached to other sustainable initiatives, renewables, and other energy efficient programs.
GTG is well prepared to help Newark execute a plan for solution delivery.
With a robust broadband strategy, the above listed solutions deliver a solid foundation for continued innovation for Newark’s Connected Community.
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of city staff and regional stakeholders from Newark. City staff provided valuable feedback on a regular basis during the project in addition to assisting with getting the word out to the community regarding this important project.
Item F. 2.
DATE 07/24/2025
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM James Scanlin, Environmental Services Manager
SUBJECT Presentation on the status of the Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
The City of Newark has initiated a comprehensive Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy to address the challenges posed by rising sea levels and associated flooding risks. This project aims to develop a robust understanding of the City’s flood risks and to formulate effective adaptation strategies.
In July 2024, the City Council approved a contractual services agreement with Arup US, Inc. (Arup) to assist with the development of a flood modeling report, a vulnerability assessment, and an adaptation strategy. The flood modeling report and vulnerability assessment have been completed and are attached to this staff report. The next step is to develop adaptation pathways to respond to changing flood risks over time.
Staff recommends that the City Council receive a presentation from Arup US, Inc. on the results of the flood modeling and vulnerability assessment reports, and the process for developing adaptation pathways.
BACKGROUND
The sea level has been rising. The average sea level increased approximately 200 mm (0.65 feet) since 1900 and has increased more rapidly over the past 20 years. The graph below from the NASA website (climate.nasa.gov) shows the rise in sea level since 1900 based on tide gauges and, more recently, based on satellite data. This increase is due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and the thermal expansion of the oceans.
Figure 1: Rise in Sea Level Since 1900
Sea level is expected to continue to rise, possibly even more rapidly than in the past.
The Ocean Protection Council: California Sea Level Rise Guidance: 2024 Science and Policy Update states that an additional 1.6 feet from the 2000 level provides a reasonable estimate of the lower bound for the most likely sea level rise by 2100, and that 3.1 feet provides a reasonable upper bound for the most likely range of sea level rise by 2100.
Table 1: Ocean Protection Council Sea Level Scenarios (in feet) California Senate Bill (SB) 272 (Laird 2023): Sea Level Rise Planning and Adaptation was signed into law October 7, 2023, and requires all local cities and counties in the state’s coastal zone or jurisdiction of BCDC to develop a sea level rise plan that is subject to approval by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC), on or before January 1, 2034. Newark is within the jurisdiction of BCDC. SB 272 requires that cities and counties receiving approval for a sea level rise plan be prioritized for funding to implement sea level rise adaptation strategies and recommended projects outlined in the local government's approved sea level rise plan.
In December 2024, BCDC adopted the Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan, which specifies what must be included in the sea level rise plan.
The Flood Modeling and the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment are the first steps in the City's effort to address the impacts of sea level rise. These have been completed and are attached to the staff report. The assessments are in line with BCDC's requirement that local jurisdictions evaluate 0.8, 3.1, 4.9, and 6.6 feet of sea level rise, along with various coastal storm scenarios. These efforts provide a solid foundation for future planning efforts.
DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
In 2019, the San Francisco Estuary Partnership and SPUR released the San Francisco Bay Shoreline Adaptation Atlas: Working with Nature to Plan for Sea Level Rise Using Operational Landscape Units (Atlas). The San Francisco Bay Regional Quality Control Board funded the report. The Atlas recommends using what are referred to as Operational Landscape Units (OLUs) as the framework for developing sea level rise adaptation plans. OLUs are "connected geographic areas that share common physical characteristics and that would benefit from being managed as individual units." Newark is entirely within the Mowry OLU. Part of Fremont is also within the Mowry OLU (see Figure 2 below). This is the area that was assessed for this project.
Figure 2: Mowry Operational Landscape Unit
Flood Modeling
As part of this project, Arup modeled a 100-Year Coastal Storm under the current sea level. As can be seen in Figure 3, some areas of Newark are currently prone to flooding during large storm events.
Figure 3: Modeled 100-Year Storm Under Current Conditions Future Scenarios
There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the speed and extent of sea level rise.
Figure 4 from the Ocean Protection Council illustrates the plausible range of sea level rise by 2100 (California Sea Level Rise Guidance: 2024 Science and Policy Update). Arup developed a flood model of the Mowry OLU for various sea level rise scenarios (0.8 ft., 3.1 ft., 4.9 ft., and 6.6 ft.), with and without concurrent storms, as required by BCDC's Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan (RSAP).
Figure 4: Plausible Range of Sea Level Rise (Ocean Protection Council, 2024) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
The results of the Flood Modeling were used to assess potential impacts on the community. Table 2 lists the estimated present-day cost of the impact on infrastructure from quasi-permanent inundation. Quasi-permanent inundation is defined as areas that would be flooded under daily high tides. The results of this risk analysis describe the cost of no action and help lay the groundwork for future adaptation planning.
Table 2: Estimated Losses from Quasi-Permanent Inundation (in millions) Next Steps
The completion of the Flood Modeling and the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Reports for the Mowry OLU are critical initial steps for developing a subregional shoreline adaptation plan that is required to be submitted to BCDC by 2034. The RSAP requires local jurisdictions to develop adaptation strategy alternatives for the 0.8 ft (2050) and 3.1 ft (2100) sea level rise scenarios. BCDC recommends using the "Adaptation Pathways" approach to develop this adaptation strategy. The Adaptation Pathway approach is to "implement actions in the near term in discrete, manageable Pathway approach is to "implement actions in the near term in discrete, manageable steps that provide flexibility for changes in the future." In other words, to implement "no regrets" actions that provide near-term benefits and that do not preclude additional or alternative implementation measures in the future. Arup will develop a proposed framework for implementing adaptation pathways. Further development and implementation of the adaptation pathways would be done in coordination with other stakeholders, such as the City of Fremont, the Alameda County Flood Control District, the Union Sanitary District, the Alameda County Water District, Newark residents, Cargill and other Newark businesses.
FISCAL IMPACT
While there is no immediate budgetary impact associated with this item, the long-term cost of adapting to sea level rise in Newark is expected to be substantial. Future investments would likely be needed for property protection, infrastructure improvements, and groundwater mitigation. Funding these efforts would require a combination of financing mechanisms, such as bonds or special assessments, along with state and federal support. A detailed, asset-specific cost analysis will be developed in subsequent project phases and presented to the City Council for consideration and budget approval.
REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Prepared by - James Scanlin, Environmental Services Division Manager Reviewed by - Howard Young, Public Works Director
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by - David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
Flood Modeling Report
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Report
SLR Presentation
City of Newark
Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and
Adaptation Strategy
Flood Modeling Report
Reference: 304252-00
Final Draft | January 22, 2025
© Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS | NOAA Office for Coastal Management | Arup This report takes into account the particular instructions and requirements of our client. It is not intended for and should not be relied upon by any third party and no responsibility is undertaken to any third party.
Job number 304252-00
Arup US, Inc.
560 Mission Street, Suite 700
San Francisco, CA 94105
USA
arup.com
304252-00 | Draft 1 | November 22, 2024 | Arup US, Inc.
Contents
Key Terms & Acronyms 1
Executive Summary 2
1. Introduction 3
2. Model Development 6
3. Model Results 22
4. Conclusions and Next Steps 31
References 32
Appendices
Appendix A
FEMA Map with Base Flood Elevations
Appendix B
SFEI Groundwater Maps
Appendix C
Model Results
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 1 Key Terms & Acronyms
Acronyms Full Form
ACFCD Alameda County Flood Control District
BCDC San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission BFE Base Flood Elevation
CMIP6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6
CN Curve Number
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DWR California Department of Water Resources
EVA Extreme Value Analysis
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
GCM Global Climate Model
HSG Hydrologic Soil Group
IPCC AR6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report Ks Hydraulic Conductivity
LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
MHHW Mean Higher High Water
NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988
NLCD National Land Cover Database
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
OLU Operational Landscape Unit
OPC Ocean Protection Council
RCP Representative Concentration Pathways
RP Return Period
RSAP Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan
SFEI San Francisco Estuary Institute
SFINCS Super-Fast Inundation of CoastS
SLR Sea Level Rise
SSPs Shared Socio-economic Pathways
STATSGO2 United States General Soil Map
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USGS United States Geological Survey
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 2 Executive Summary
The City of Newark initiated a comprehensive Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy to address the challenges posed by rising sea levels and associated flooding risks. This project aims to develop a robust understanding of the City’s flood risks and to formulate effective adaptation strategies. The study area encompasses the Mowry Operational Landscape Unit (OLU) which includes the entire City of Newark and portions of Fremont. This report documents the approach and initial findings from the flood modeling analysis.
Approach
The flood modeling approach used the Super-Fast Inundation of CoastS (SFINCS) model to simulate compound flooding scenarios, incorporating factors such as rising sea levels, groundwater levels, subsidence, storm flows, and coastal storm surges. The model was validated against historical tide gauge data and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps. Scenarios were modeled for present-day, mid-century (2050), and end-of-century (2100) conditions, considering storm intensities and sea level rise (SLR) projections aligned with guidance from the State Ocean Protection Council (OPC) and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC). This project and the modeling outputs do not replace FEMA maps for official purposes, such as insurance and zoning. Rather, the flood hazard results from this project are meant to be used for planning purposes, as they incorporate projected SLR and assess multiple flood scenarios.
Key Findings
The results highlight the present-day threat of extreme rainfall events (e.g., atmospheric river events) on residential and commercial areas in Newark, and future coastal flooding exacerbated by SLR. Key findings indicate that the city is vulnerable to both coastal and inland flooding, with the plausible extent and depth of flooding expected to increase substantially by 2100. The non-storm scenarios show that, even under moderate SLR, it is plausible that public infrastructure and residential areas could be quasi-permanently inundated, meaning that they experience flooding during typical day-to-day conditions, without adaptation action by the end of the 21st century.
The implications of these findings underscore the need for adaptive strategies to mitigate flood risks. The next steps of this study will use the flood hazard results presented in this report to assess the impact on communities and infrastructure, develop adaptation solutions, and engage with the community to share information and gather input for steering the implementation of future measures.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 3
1. Introduction
The City of Newark initiated this integrative study to simultaneously understand critical challenges resulting from SLR and develop adaptation strategies for addressing these risks. Prior to this effort, the City conducted a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) effort with Union City and the City of Fremont which highlighted the need for this project. This project represents the first critical step in the adaptation planning process for the City by establishing a baseline understanding of pertinent flooding risks using industry best practices and methods.
This understanding is essential for the second step, which involves developing risk-informed adaptation strategies and identifying potential partners for implementation.
This report summarizes the flood hazard model data collection, methodology, model development, results, and conclusions. The model outputs include present and future flood extent and depth scenarios considering rising sea levels, rising groundwater, subsidence, storm flows, and storm surge.
1.1 Study Area
The study area covers the Mowry OLU, which includes the entire City of Newark as well as portions of Fremont (Figure 1). The model extents include some additional surrounding areas as necessary for completeness in modeling. The total surface area on land within the model extents is 64 square miles and consists primarily of medium-to-high density development. The study area also includes approximately 15 miles of shoreline along the San Francisco Bay.
Figure 1 Study area, model extents, and jurisdictions
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 4
1.2 Historical Flooding
According to the 2024 Tri-City LHMP, there have been 19 State and 19 Federal disaster declarations from flooding, heavy rain, and storms in Alameda County, listed by year in Table 1. Historical events like these, particularly the 1982–1983 El Niño event, have underscored the need for stronger flood management systems, including levee improvements and enhanced stormwater infrastructure.
Table 1 Alameda County Flood Disaster Declarations from 1950 to 2023 (City of Newark, 2024) Disaster Type
State Declarations Federal Declarations
Count Years Count Years
Flood (including heavy
rains and storms) 19
1950, 1955, 1957, 1958 (twice), 1962,
1963, 1970, 1982, 1983 (twice), 1986,
1995 (twice), 1997, 1998, 2008,
2017 (twice)
19 1955, 1958, 1962 (twice), 1970, 1982,
1983, 1986, 1995 (twice), 1997, 1998,
2005, 2006, 2017 (thrice), 2023 (twice)
The 1982–1983 El Niño event remains a benchmark event for understanding the impacts of combined stormwater and coastal flooding in the Bay Area. In Newark and the surrounding areas, infrastructure such as roads and wastewater treatment facilities were heavily impacted (National Weather Service, 1982). Flooding along bayfront areas disrupted local transportation and businesses.
Prior to the 1950s, the city experienced recurring flooding during heavy rains, which prompted development of a flood control district to improve the City’s drainage system. Most recently, in 2023, two major storm events in January and March resulted in storm drain backup which caused flooding of local streets, which was exacerbated by debris build up at storm drains and fallen trees affecting drainage.
No disaster declarations to-date have attributed impacts to SLR.
1.3 FEMA Flood Maps
The FEMA flood hazard maps (effective August 3, 2009) depict the 100-year and 500-year flood zones in the study area, shown in Figure 2 (refer to Appendix A for a map with the FEMA Base Flood Elevations, BFE).
There are several developed areas near the City’s shoreline that are within the FEMA 100-year floodplain (in blue) and several other areas further inland that are within the FEMA 500-year floodplain (in orange). The hazard is primarily driven by coastal flooding, as there are no major creeks or rivers within the city.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 5 Figure 2 FEMA flood map by study area (FEMA, 2024)
This project and the modeling outputs do not replace FEMA maps for official purposes, such as insurance and zoning. The flood hazard results from this project are used for planning purposes, as they incorporate projected SLR and assess multiple flood scenarios. Unlike FEMA maps, which typically focus on the BFE under the 100- year event (i.e., 1% annual chance event), this study’s approach provides an understanding of flood risks under various storm scenarios and future sea level change.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 6
2. Model Development
A comprehensive flood hazard model was developed to evaluate present-day and future flooding, in both storm and non-storm conditions, under several SLR scenarios aligned with BCDC Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan (RSAP) guidelines.
The model integrates hydrologic and hydraulic components to comprehensively simulate inland and coastal processes. The hydrologic component simulates the rainfall-runoff process, evaluating how much rainfall infiltrates into the ground versus generates runoff. The hydraulic component simulates the flow of water through rivers, channels, and streams to evaluate conveyance and flooding in floodplains. The hydraulics of the coastal system include simulating how storm surge and tides interact with the river, coastal topography, and infrastructure. An integrated flood modeling approach was used to capture the hydrologic and hydraulic model components and estimate the extent and depth of flooding, as visualized in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Schematic drawing of compound flood modeling (the Water Institute, 2024) This section describes:
• Software and tools used to conduct the flood hazard modeling • Sea level rise and storm scenarios modeled
• Key model inputs collected from best available public datasets and incorporated into the modeling • Sensitivity analysis conducted to test assumptions and develop an appropriately conservative model • Assumptions and limitations made to develop these models City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 7
2.1 Software and Tools
SFINCS, an open-source software developed by Deltares, was used to perform the flood hazard modeling. Opensource means that the original source code it is freely available and may be redistributed and modified, and therefore there are no software licensing fees or costs for users to use the model. The SFINCS model feeds into the FloodAdapt platform, a user-friendly, publicly available, and open-source software that allows users to view flood hazard maps and risk to exposed assets and to evaluate adaptation strategies (Figure 4). A populated FloodAdapt model was provided to the City with the flood scenarios modeled for this phase of the project, and updated versions of the FloodAdapt model will be configured with vulnerability and risk results (which will conducted in Delft-FIAT) as part of future project deliverables.
Figure 4 Interaction between models and tools
The SFINCS model allows for considering rising sea levels, rising groundwater, subsidence, storm flows, and storm surge in one, compound flood model. The modeling output includes inundation extents and depths for present-day, mid-century (2050), and end-of-century (2100) scenarios. SFINCS is a numerical model which simulates 2-dimensional (2D) compound flooding dynamically for large-scale coastal systems. SFINCS is a physics-based tool which has been peer-reviewed and used by numerous federal and academic agencies for hazard assessments (Leijnse et al., 2021). This report is focused on the inputs and outputs of the SFINCS model.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 8
2.2 Sea Level Rise and Storm Scenarios
Ten flood scenarios were modeled, encompassing the study area and evaluating timeframes for present-day, mid-century, and end-of-century conditions. The models cover four sea level rise scenarios and two storm scenarios, summarized in Table 2 and described in the following sections.
Table 2 Modeled scenarios
Time Horizon SLR Scenarios Climate Scenarios
for Precipitation Inundation Maps
Present Not applicable Not applicable
Two maps:
• Coastal Storm Scenario: 100-year coastal + 10-year inland • Inland Storm Scenario: 100-year inland + 10-year coastal Mid-century 2050 One SLR Scenario
SSP5-8.5 /
Representative
Concentration
Pathway (RCP) 8.5
Two maps:
• Quasi-permanent Inundation Map (Mean Higher High
Water, MHHW) for 0.8ft SLR Scenario
• Future Storm Scenario with 0.8ft SLR Scenario
End-of-century 2100 Three SLR Scenarios SSP5-8.5 / RCP8.5 Six maps:
• Quasi-permanent Inundation Map (MHHW) for 3.1ft SLR
Scenario (Intermediate)
• Quasi-permanent Inundation Map (MHHW) for 4.9ft SLR
Scenario (Intermediate-High)
• Quasi-permanent Inundation Map (MHHW) for 6.6ft SLR
Scenario (High)
• Future Storm Scenario with 3.1ft SLR Scenario
(Intermediate)
• Future Storm Scenario with 4.9ft SLR Scenario
(Intermediate-High)
• Future Storm Scenario with 6.6ft SLR Scenario (High)
2.2.1 Sea Level Rise Scenarios
The SLR scenarios were selected to align with the San Francisco BCDC September 2024 Draft RSAP guidelines. These BCDC guidelines were developed to describe the requirement for cities, including Newark, to develop a shoreline adaptation plan compliant with the newly passed regulation described in Senate Bill 272.
The BCDC guidelines build on the updated State of California Sea Level Rise Guidance published in 2024 by the OPC. These state guidelines defined five sea level rise scenarios based on global emissions projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6). The relationship between the SLR scenarios and climate change scenarios, called Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), are depicted in Figure 5. Table 2 summarizes the four SLR scenarios used in this project. The MHHW level was used to evaluate areas with quasi-permanent flooding due to their location within the tidal zone.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 9 Figure 5 Depiction of the relationship between the OPC SLR scenarios and IPCC AR6 emissions scenarios from State of California Sea Level Rise Guidance (OPC, 2024)
2.2.2 Storm Scenarios
Four main types of flood scenarios were modeled for this project:
• Present Coastal Storm Scenario: This scenario is defined in this study as the 100-year coastal event which considers tides and storm surges occurring simultaneously with a 10-year inland event which considers rainfall.
• Present Inland Storm Scenario: This scenario is defined in this study as the 100-year inland event which considers rainfall occurring simultaneously with a 10-year coastal event which considers tides and storm surges.
• Tidal Inundation: These scenarios are defined by MHHW, which represents a typical high tide that serves as a proxy for everyday flooding. When modeling future MHHW with different SLR scenarios, the resultant maps provide useful tools for planning.
• Future Storm Scenario: The future Storm Scenarios evaluate the maximum of the coastal storm scenario and the inland storm scenario to represent extreme but plausible combined storm scenarios. Rainfall for the future events comes from future climate projections of precipitation.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 10 The precipitation scenarios selected were based on data available through Cal-Adapt, which is a publicly accessible online tool that provides interactive climate data and projections for California to support climate resilience planning and decision-making (California Energy Commission, 2024). The extreme rainfall scenario used (SSP5-8.5 / RCP8.5) represents a plausible upper bound that aligns with the IPCC AR6 using SSP. This data is also used for California’s Fifth Climate Change Assessment.
2.3 Data Collection and Sources
Existing data and models were collected and developed to provide a tailored analysis for the City. Data was provided by the City as well as from local agencies, such as the Alameda County Flood Control District (ACFCD). Publicly available data was also collected and reviewed. Table 3 summarizes the data requests, data sources and the availability of the data.
Table 3 Data and data sources
Topic Data Data Source Status
Hydrology
parameters
Rainfall National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Publicly available
Topography LiDAR available from the ACFCD
Requested through
ACFCD with City
approval
Bathymetry United States Geological Survey (USGS) Publicly available Groundwater
San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) Shallow
Groundwater Response to Sea-Level Rise:
Alameda, Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo
Counties
Publicly available
Hydraulic model
development
SLR projections San Francisco BCDC September 2024 Draft RSAP Publicly available
Subsidence No historical data available from the City.
Reference USGS.
USGS - publicly
available
Culverts ACFCD
Requested through
ACFCD with City
approval
Levees ACFCD
Requested through
ACFCD with City
approval
Validation
Hydrodynamic model of the
San Francisco Bay and Delta
Delft3D San Francisco Bay Community Model
(Nederhoff et al., 2021) Publicly available
Stream gauges No City of ACFCD stream gauges within the study area. Not available
Riverine model There are no riverine models available in the study area. Not available
2.4 Key Model Inputs
The SFINCS software was used for flood hazard modeling, which can incorporate rising sea levels, rising groundwater, subsidence, storm flows, and storm surge into the analysis. The model and all inputs are in the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). NAVD88 is a geodetic datum which is a standard reference framework for elevation data over a large geographic extent.
2.4.1 Hydrology Parameters
The hydrologic component of the model simulates the rainfall-runoff process, evaluating how much rainfall infiltrates into the ground versus generates runoff. The hydrology model applies the Curve Number (CN) City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 11 method, a widely used empirical procedure developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service, to estimate direct runoff volume and peak discharge from rainfall events. This method calculates the amount of rainfall that infiltrates versus becoming surface runoff based on watershed characteristics such as land cover, soil type, and hydrologic conditions, which are expressed as a single CN and can be used in various settings including urban areas with medium to high densities. However, it does not account for complex hydrological features such as urban drainage systems, including storm sewers and detention basins. For this project, land cover and Hydraulic Soil Group (HSG) data as depicted in Section 2.2 were converted to CNs to support the model’s calculations. For more background information on the methodology, refer to Nederhoff et al. (2024).
Topography and Bathymetry
Topography data used comes from the most recent, highest resolution datasets available, using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with 1ft resolution from 2019 provided by the ACFCD. The 1ft resolution sufficiently captures features in the topography which affect the hydrologic and hydraulic process, while relying on readily available publicly accessible data.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was derived from this data in NAVD88. Bathymetry data is from the USGS.
The topography and bathymetry data were combined for the model and are shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Topography and bathymetry in NAVD88 (ACFCD, 2018) City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 12 Rainfall
Rainfall is a critical input in flood modeling and hydrology calculations, as it directly influences runoff, river flow, and the potential for flooding by determining the amount of water entering a watershed. Rainfall was modeled as a 24-hour design storm based on data collected from the ACFCD hydrology manual. The ACFCD manual also includes a unit hydrograph for runoff determination; a hydrograph is a graphical representation of discharge over time, used in hydrology and flood modeling to analyze the response of a watershed to rainfall and predict flood events.
The rainfall data was scaled with NOAA Atlas 14 data to develop 24-hour storms with 10-year and 100-year return periods. The 10-year and 100-year return periods represent extreme rainfall events with a 10% and 1% annual chance of occurrence respectively based on historical measurements. An anomaly at hour 4 of the ACFCD hydrograph was removed for this project. The ACFCD Hydrology Manual states that the 24-hour storm should be used for drainage watersheds larger than 25mi2 and the study area includes 64mi2 of inland area. The DEM is uploaded into the SFINCS model; therefore, the model simulates rainfall falling over the entire watershed and routes runoff within the entire study area. This also eliminates the requirement to delineate subwatersheds. Rainfall was applied without spatial variation across the study area.
The future rainfall scenarios used for modeling utilize precipitation change information from Global Climate Models (GCMs) based on the SSP5-8.5 scenario for mid-century (2050) and end-of-century (2100); this future pathway is consistent with RCP8.5 from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. The methodology incorporates climate change impacts on future precipitation to develop adjusted hazard curves for 2050 and 2100. Translating data from global-scale GCMs to the Bay Area context involves downscaling which has already been completed by the LOCA-2 (Localized Constructed Analogs version 2) effort. LOCA-2 is a high-resolution climate dataset providing downscaled projections of temperature, precipitation, and other variables for assessing regional climate change impacts in California with its output data hosted by the Cal-Adapt platform (California Energy Commission, 2025). The downscaled models developed for California and used on this project have a resolution of 3km (2mi), which provide detailed coverage across the State and show local differences.
The LOCA-2-Hybrid dataset (3km, or 1.86mi, resolution) for the California domain (Pierce et al., 2023) was used to conduct an extreme value analysis (EVA), using data available from the Cal-Adapt Analytics Engine.
The EVA was used to compare the future mid-century and end-of-century precipitation values to the modeled historical data for 15 different climate models. The 15 climate models used for precipitation in LOCA-2 are selected based on their performance in simulating observed precipitation patterns and variability, ensuring they represent a range of plausible future climate scenarios. These models are drawn from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ensemble and are chosen to balance model skill, independence, and diversity in projecting precipitation changes under future warming.
The percent change from historical to mid-century and end-of-century periods was calculated for each model, averaged, and then used to upscale present hydrographs representing the 10-year and 100-year return periods.
This “change factor” approach corrects the bias between the modeled and observed data by calculating the change between the modeled hindcast and forecast and then applying that change to the observed data. Figure 7 depicts the rainfall 10-year and 100-year rainfall events under current conditions and with the 2050 and 2100 projections.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 13 Figure 7 Incremental rainfall data at present and upscaled 10-year and 100-year return periods (RP) City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 14 Land Use and Soils
Land use and soils data are essential components in flood modeling and hydrology calculations, as they influence water infiltration, surface runoff, and the overall hydrological response of a watershed to precipitation events.
Data from the United States General Soil Map (STATSGO2) (USDA, 2020) provided the input for the CN infiltration method used in the overland flooding models. STATSGO2 is an inventory developed by the USDA and includes soil characteristics information across the Continental U.S. The HSG information and hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from the surface layer were used for this study, shown in Figure 8. In particular, HSG information was combined with a land- cover map from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) from the USGS classification and is shown in Figure 9, to estimate the CNs according to USDA (USDA, 1986).
Figure 8 Hydrological soil groups (USGS, 2019b)
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 15 Figure 9 Land cover classifications (USGS, 2019a)
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 16 Groundwater
Pathways Climate Institute and SFEI developed depth-to-groundwater maps depicting shallow groundwater conditions including for the Newark area. Figure 10 depicts the shallow groundwater conditions in Newark with one foot (12in) of SLR and wet winter conditions, which is representative of groundwater conditions in the 2050 modeling scenario (SFEI, 2022). The SFEI also has groundwater data available for the 3ft, 5ft, and 7ft SLR scenarios, which were applied for the 2100 modeling scenarios. Refer to Appendix B for the detailed SFEI groundwater maps. To account for the rising groundwater levels, the infiltration rate in the models were adjusted relative to the SFEI groundwater data.
Figure 10 Groundwater levels with a 1ft SLR scenario (likely to happen by 2050) and wet winter conditions (SFEI, 2022) In the near term (within the next 25 years), SLR (as shown in Figure 10) translates to the potential for groundwater level rise across the City of Newark. Across the city, the majority of areas in the next 25 years at risk to future groundwater flooding are limited to uninhabited areas along the coastline. However, there are smaller areas within the city where groundwater flooding may occur (for example in the area along Central Avenue north of the brine ponds). The basis for these ‘at-risk’ areas within the city is because they are in lowerlying areas at an elevation lower than the projected increased sea level (as illustrated in Figure 11). SFEI also indicates areas where groundwater level rise is limited to within 6ft of ground surface (due to a ‘near-term’ 1ft SLR). Over a longer period (for example the next 100 years), the risk to these areas should be expected to increase.
City of Newark Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Strategy 304252-00 | Draft 1 | January 22, 2025 | Arup US, Inc. Flood Modeling Report Page 17 Figure 11 Illustration of groundwater induced flooding at lower elevation areas due to SLR The 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan states that there are 16 groundwater wells, of which six are within the City of Newark, which are pumped for use as a water source for distribution mains serving residents and businesses. The 16 wells can produce up to 47.5 million gallons of water per day. The groundwater basin consists of gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and the top of the aquifer is relatively shallow, between 40ft and 140ft below ground surface in most inland locations. The depth to groundwater is much shallower nearer to the Bay.
The 2023 and 2024 Alameda County Water District Groundwater Conditions Reports state that the aquifer was not overdrawn and there is no indication that saltwater entered the basin between Fall 2021 and Fall 2023. The reports also state that the groundwater level in the Newark Aquifer has remained above sea level (if the water levels were below sea level, then saline water would flow from the bay into Newark Aquifer).
Runoff
Rainfall-runoff processes are explicitly accounted for by including precipitation and infiltration in the flood model, including the effect of rising groundwater. Runoff is the result of the difference between total precipitation and infiltration. The moisture storage capacity of the soil controls the amount of infiltration and is depleted during wet periods. To model this behavior using the CN method, an effective storage capacity is tracked continuously throughout the simulation. During rainfall, the storage capacity is gradually filled. At the start of a new simulation, effective storage capacity is assumed at 50% of the maximum storage capacity. This initial saturation assumption, which results in an average effective capacity of 2.2in for the present-day scenario, is discussed further in the discussion section.
2.4.2 Coastal Boundary Conditions
The SLR scenarios are in alignment with BCDC’s Draft RSAP (September 2024) and are summarized in Section 2.2. The SLR values were added to the coastal boundary condition water level time series).